Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Interactive System for Telephone and Video Communication
Including Capabilities for Remote Monitoring
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to the field of
computerized telephone and video communication, and more
particularly, to a system for telephone and video
communication between remote locations and a central
station, accommodating monitoring capabilities, scheduling
and processing capabilities, and traffic control
capabilities for selectively interfacing members of plural
groups, for example, buyer and vendor groups. The ,
monitoring capabilities of the system may be used for
applications, such as for security, surveillance, quality
control and inspection, regulation of food and/or other
standards in food-related and other facilities, market
research, remote monitoring of deposit and withdrawal of
funds at bank vaults, grocery chains, convenience stores,
and the like. The scheduling and processing capabilities of
2o the system may be used for a variety of applications, such
as for conferences related to merchandising, including
purchasing, selling, marketing or the like, educational
conventions for medical doctors and other professionals,
game shows and so on. The traffic control capabilities of
the system may be used far directing and exchanging offers
and responses at the wholesale level, between selective
members of plural groups, for analyzing and compiling data,
scheduling and implementing conferences, consummating sales
and the like.
34 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Over the years, a multitude of security and
surveillance systems have been proposed for monitoring
various locations for different reasons. As an example, it
may be particularly desirable to mani.tor locations involving
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same exposure to risk or peril. Tn such cases, generally,
the objectives have included discouraging an intruder,
notifying security personnel, as police, and providing some
form of record of any criminal or culpable activity.
Various forms of photographic devices have been
proposed for use in such systems; however, the advent of
television substantially enhanced the possibilities for
scrutiny or surveillance of a location. In that regard,
large modern office buildings are seldom without an internal
closed-circuit system with a guard station displaying
several significant locations within the building.
Accordingly, a single guard can monitor a sizeable building,
summoning help to a problem location. Furthermore, it has
been proposed to record monitor displays for subsequent
study and analysis in the event of a crisis.
While previous monitoring systems have been effective,
particularly in conjunction with a single facility, there
have been attendant limitations. For example, simple
television displays often do not clearly manifest a
potential or existing problem. Also, such systems are not
susceptible to programmed operation, enabling an expert to
flexibly monitor a sizeable number of individual locations.
thus, the present invention recognizes the need to expand
the capability of monitoring to accommodate security
locations over a widely distributed area. As a further
consideration, needs also are recognized for increased
communication capability, enhanced displays and expanded
control of the displays.
Surveillance of facilities for reasons other than
security traditionally involve substantial human
involvement. For example, routine inspection of facilities
to control quality, regulate and maintain food and/or other
standards at franchise andJor company-owned locations (e. g.
fast food facilities) or the like, traditionally have
required personal visits to such facilities by inspectors
employed far such purposes. Unfortunately, more time and
expense is incurred in travelling to .and from different
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facilities than is desirable. Moreover, as a practical
matter, specific inspectors and/or b~:anch managers are
assigned to specific areas, resulting in a need for more
inspectors dedicated to inspecting limited areas.
The present invention recognizes the need to perform
inspections as for controlling quality, etc., at remote
locations over a widely distributed area from a central
location. Likewise, the present invention recognizes the
need for remote monitoring of deposit and/or withdrawal of
funds or executing other transactions at bank vaults,
grocery chains or convenience stores" and the like, to deter
foulplay and/or prevent burglaries. In addition, the need
for conducting discrete or interactive market research is
also recognized.
As another example, drug and medical device
manufacturers typically hire "detail" persons to travel and
visit medical professionals, such as doctors,
pharmacologists, hospital representatives or the like,
located at widely distributed areas around the country and
the world to introduce details on new drugs and demonstrate
new medical devices. These °'detail" persons generally spend
a majority of their time waiting to see medical doctors,
often to receive only a few minutes of a doctors precious
time. Many times, the waiting proves to be futile,
especially in circumstances where doctors are summoned for
emergencies or are otherwise busy. i4lso, time is wasted as
a consequence of uncertain schedules.
To consider an example of cumbersome communication in
the merchandising industry, wholesale vendors or sellers of
goods typically spend many hours attempting to schedule
appointments with various buyers for different
organizations, travelling to and from the buyers
facilities, and waiting for meetings, which may sometimes
last only a short duration. Unfortunately, considerably
more time and expense is incurred, in travelling to and from
different facilities, than is desirable. Moreover, as a
practical matter, specific vendor sales people are typically
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assigned to merchandise specific goods and interact with
specific buyers, resulting in a need for mare vendor
personnel dedicated to particular buyers.
Moreover, in the event a specific seller wishes to
broadcast a special offering of a particular item to plural
buyers, for example, to dispose of an inventory of
distressed items, the seller must undertake considerable
effort, such as place an advertisement or otherwise
initiate contact with buyers. An advertisement is likely to
be viewed only by random buyers, thus, not always proving to
be a reliable method of soliciting offers from all possible
buyers. Moreover, initiating individual contact with a
series of buyers, until eventually securing a final sale,
constitutes an arduous task. Similarly, in situations where
a buyer wishes to solicit proposals from vendors for a
particular item, the same practice prevails.
Accordingly, the present invention recognizes the need
for a system to communicate with remote locations over a
widely distributed area, from other places, such as a
2~ central location, for the applications discussed above, as
well as many other diverse applications with similar
requirements. In particular, the present system recognizes
the need for directing and exchanging communications, such
as offers and responses, between select members of plural
groups or sub-groups, analyzing and compiling data relating
to such members, scheduling appointments, implementing face-
to-face conferences (in real-time), consummating
transactions and billing charges relating to transactions
between such groups.
3O In a related context, integration of computer and
telephone technologies has brought many advances in the
telecommunications industry. Functionally integrating human
operators with telephone network capabilities, voice and
data switching capabilities, computer applications and
databases, and voice processing technology, not only
provides human operators with immediai~e access to
information from a wide variety of sources, but, allows them
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to intelligently process each call as well. Telephone
switches are linked with computers to coordinate computer
information and intelligence with call handling capabilities
to automatically add relevant data, as well as facsimile,
graphics, video or audio communication capabilities. Select
services or equipment, such as automatic number
identification (ANI) or dialed number identification service
(DNIS3 enhance calls and human capabilities by forwarding
identifying information preceding a telephone call, thereby,
1o eliminating steps otherwise performed by people to capture
information regarding the caller. Far applications
involving large scale processing of calls, switch and host
databases automatically link calls with a caller's record,
eliminating the need for the caller to enter an
identification number when using a voice response system.
More revolutionary applications use ANI to
simultaneously pass both the call and the caller's current
record to an operator's telephone and terminal. This
obviates the need for a person to obtain, enter and receive
2o the caller's record from the database. Such advances have
immensely enhanced human capabilities for comrnunication,
data manipulation and control functions.
' Somewhat concurrently, rapid developments in computer,
telephone and video technologies have introduced the concept
of visual communications or video conferencing. In
particular, efforts at integrating these technologies have
gained enormous momentum in recent years, resulting, in.
part, from a general desire in all industries to conserve
time and expenses, and thereby, maximize human efficiency
and productivity. The advent of videophones has enabled
users to visually communicate from remote locations. Many
industries are rapidly embracing the idea of video
conferencing or visual communication to eliminate escalating
travel expenses. Employees or customers in different places
can take part in interactive training sessions or seminars
with no loss of time for travel.
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Aowever, obstacles remain, particularly, in traditional
areas of cumbersome communication. 8ti11, with
developments, virtually every industry segment can profit
from interactive data sharing in real. time with the added
advantage of face-to-face communication. Innovative
technical advances are fast satisfyirag promises of enhanced
capabilities, thereby, allowing users; to share and
manipulate images from remote locations, such as pictures,
graphs, maps or the like.
Technical breakthroughs in audio arid video~compression
technology make desktop video conferencing and visual
communication both economical and praictical for everyday
business communications. To fully participate in video
conferencing, the user s equipment must communicate with
similar units, albeit, from different equipment vendors.
The International Telephone and Telegraph Consultative
Committee (CCITT) has defined a standard called H.261 (or
"Px64") detailing how video and audio signals are compressed
and decompressed for transmission across a common link. At
present, no one industry standard and format has been
adopted for video conferencing systems. Thus, the systems
available on the market are not always compatible. As a
consequence, many different types of video codecs
(coders/decoders) are currently in use. For example, the
AT&T AVP CODEC is a three-chip set that digitally processes
high quality, full motion video images and sounds that are
compatible with the latest videoconferencing standards.
At any rate, ongoing efforts at achieving compatibility
and providing compression schemes that can transmit color
images over POTS (plain old telephone system) all over the
world are in the offing. Approaches for incorporating live-
action, color video With standard voice telephone lines via
networks and modems are currently being introduced. By
using a suitable video capture board and a modem, live video
may be received and displayed on any 386 or 486 personal
computer running Microsoft windows''". The frame rate depends
upon the type of display and type of communication hardware.
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For example, over a normal dial-up telephone line, a
computer with a VGA (video graphics array) display set at
32,000 colors, a 486 CPU and a 14.4 kbs (thousand bits per
second) modem can achieve a frame rate of 5 frames per
second. The link between the personal computers can be
established in several ways, for example, by a modem, LAN
(local area network), serial port and other high speed
digital links.
To address the existing needs discussed above, the
present invention recognizes use of recent telephone and
video advances in creating an improved system with multiple
capabilities.
SUMMARY of THE INVENTION
Generally, the system of the present invention involves
telephone and video communication between a plurality of
remote, widely distributed locations,, and a central unit
utilizing dial-up telephone facilities in today's computer
environment with voice quality lines under computer control.
Specifically, for example, the dynamic graphics of
telephonic video (on standard analog lines and digital lines
over Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)) are
controlled to facilitate videophone, while video still
displays and digital lines facilitate high fidelity (hi-fi)
video displays along with audio capabilities, all combined
with the interactive capability of computers to attain an
effective interactive system, which may be configured to
provide various functions, e.g., scrutiny or surveillance
capabilities, scheduling and processing capabilities or
commercial product routing and video vending capabilities.
The surveillance capabilities of the present system may
be used in applications ranging from, cambatting armed
robberies and burglaries to quality control and regulation
activities in food and other facilities, as of food and
sanitation standards and the like, discrete or interactive
monitoring for market research, monit~,oring of deposit and
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withdrawal of funds, as at bank vaults, grocery chains and
convenience stores, and so on.
The scheduling, processing, product routing or video
vending capabilities may be used in applications ranging
from, merchandising (including purchasing, selling,
marketing or the like) to educational conventions for
medical doctors and other professionals, game shows, dating
services and so on. In such applications, the present
system may be configured to direct and exchange
to communication traffic, for example, in the form of offers
and respanses, between selective members of plural groups or
sub-groups, such as vendors and buyers, for analyzing and
compiling data, scheduling appointments and implementing
visual canferences, consummating transactions and the like.
Selective routing of communication traffic from a central
unit or controlled by the central unit effectively prevents
information overload.
In the disclosed embodiments of the present system,
videaphone cameras, speakerphones or regular telephone
2o instruments (for one-way or two-way communication), personal
computers equipped with capabilities for providing either
analog video (analog motion and analog high resolution
freeze frame) or digital video or both, are placed at remote
locations to communicate with a central system that may
include several communication and control stations, which
may likewise be equipped with some or all of the same
capabilities. As a part of surveillance, scheduling, or
product routing operations, a video display (depicting
motion and color) may be provided with graphics, audio and
3o data signals at each communication and control station, as
well as the remote locations, as required. The videophone
camera or personal computer may utilize well known image
enhancement techniques to allow high resolution images for
closer observation.
In one exemplary operating format related to
surveillance operations, identification designations for
scrutiny or surveillance locations are provided in sequence
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to address a memory for fetching telephone numbers, other
working data and/or graphic display data. Accordingly, in
sequence, surveillance locations are dialed up via the
public telephone system to obtain audio-video communication
providing an image of the location scene. Additionally,
data associated with the locatian is graphically displayed
fox convenient reference. For example, it should be noted
that for security applications, response time (e. g., to call
the police) is often critical, thus, having and displaying
the data in conjunction with the video allows for action to
be taken immediately if required, either automatically or
manually. Note also that the display alsa may include, the
location and graphical data indicatiwe of the floor plan of
the premise scrutinized, for example, the physical location
of entry/exit points and the corresponding streets provided
simultaneously with the video scene images.
The sequence of displays may be random or
predetermined, as programmed along wrath intervals of
display. For example, a remote location under scrutiny
2D might be observed for thirty seconds once every ten minutes.
Alternatively, at a single remote location, varied
observation times for different cameras installed may be
programmed. For example, when viewing a bank having a
plurality of cameras, the view from a first camera might be
taken for twenty seconds, followed by a view from a second
camera for ten seconds, then zooming onto a vault that would
appear in the view from a third camera for ten seconds..
For each scene display, a graphic display of pertinent
data is provided, for example, indicating the telephone
number, the location name, e.g. a bank, market or inspection
site, the address of the location, the telephone number of
the police station serving the locati.an for security
applications, key personnel at the location and so on. When
monitoring banks and other types of locations susceptible to
robbery, the status or nature of the situation, e.g., an
''emergency" or "alert", also may be displayed. A detector
for detecting situations when a camera is inoperative, as
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where the lens is covered to prevent observation, may be
used to convey another "alert" situation.
On command, either from a scrutiny location or the
central station, a communication may be commanded to
indicate a situation. Special controls may be instituted
enabling manifestations at the scrutiny location to initiate
action or alter the display. Special operations also may be
commanded through a videophone, either on manual initiative
or automatically by sensor apparatus.
l0 At each control unit, multiple operators at single
monitors may be utilized, with calls sequenced to each
operator depending upon the cumulative handling capability
of each operator. For example, if a particular operator is
handling calls at the average rate of six seconds each,
calls to that operator will be sequenced at that rate.
Alternatively, a single operator viewing a single monitor or
multiple monitors is also contemplated. Furthermore,
selective distribution of calls may be appropriate, for
example, calls reporting on "emergency" situations may be
2o forwarded to a particular operator trained in emergency
procedures. Alternatively, calls may be routed to the next
available operator. In addition, as the calls are queued in
sequence, calls reporting "emergency" or "alert" situations
may precede other routing calls in accordance with an
override feature.
In accordance with one exemplary embodiment related to
wholesale merchandising, the system may include a central
traffic control system, independently managed by a third
party and located remote from all vendorsl and buyers
facilities. The central traffic control system schedules
appointments and routes offers and responses to and from
select members of plural groups, such as buyers and vendors,
to expedite traditionally complex purchasing operatians.
Routing of offers and responses may also take place between
members of sub-groups of plural groups. Calls may be
classified into types, for example, a vendor with a special
offering, a buyer responding to a special offering, a buyer
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soliciting proposals, a vendor responding with a proposal
and a vendor or a buyer seeking an appointment. Calls of
the various types may involve some form of qualification or
approval. For example, access to the system may be limited
to qualified or registered entities. Also, certain
limitations may be imposed, such as calls revealing one
vendor's proposal to a competitor are generally inhibited.
In accordance with an example, a vendor may wish to
broadcast a special offering of a particular item to
interested buyers. The routing system analyzes buyer data,
typically acquired during registration, and compiles a list
of buyers to whom the broadcast is transmitted. Special
buyers may be specified by the vendors making the special
offering. For example, a vendor may designate special
buyers from a list of all participating buyers and vendors
provided to each registered member. From time to time,
periodic updates an new members may be circulated.
To facilitate equitable routing of special offerings to
all interested buyers, in situations, where there are only a
limited number of communication lines, the routing system
may include a random number generator to randomly select
subsets of buyers and may transmit the broadcast in sequence
to each subset. In some situations, the routing system may
have the capability to request and add additional
communication lines in the event a caller (vendor or buyer)
desires concurrent broadcast to all potential receiving
parties. Of course, in such cases the caller would incur
the additional charges. A numbering system may also be
adopted, whereby broadcasts are transmitted to subsets of a
3o designated number of buyers (for example, equal to the
number of communication lines) in rotating sequence. For
example, a particular special offering may be broadcast
first to subset number one, then subset number two and so
on, while the next special offering may be broadcast first
to subset number two, then subset number three and so
on. A video recording of the offered item may be stored in
a video file server at the central location, thus, allowing
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interested buyers to view the item prior to making a
purchase. In the event, buyers purchase a fraction of the
inventory, a tally for the inventory is maintained.
Likewise, buyers may wish to solicit proposals for a
particular item from vendors qualified for designated
F
merchandise. Communication between the routing system and
the different buyers and vendors may he accomplished in a
variety of ways, as for example, by electronic-mail
(transmission of messages across a network between two
desktop PCs), electronic bulletin boards, on-line computer
services (such as Prodigy or CompuServe~), facsimile,
voice-mail or the like.
Vendors and buyers may directly communicate with the
central traffic control system to seek or change
appointments and update information with respect to
appointments with specific buyers. In accordance with one
scenario, vendors may call the central. traffic control
system and, upon qualification, schedule appointments with
specif is buyers .
Appointments may be executed, on command, from a buyer
location or the central traffic control system.
Communication may be initiated conforming to the display
capabilities at the vendor site. That is, as disclosed, the
central traffic control system or alternatively, plural
coordinated such systems (located at one site or plural
sites), as well as the buyer locations, incorporate multiple
video format capabilities along with a bridge or switch unit
to drive a display unit or monitor in a selected format in
accordance with the capabilities of the current vendor. As
disclosed, a single monitor may accommodate several formats
or plural monitors can operate selectively for concurrent
multiple displays.
A sequence of scheduled appointments may be developed,
as programmed, along with intervals of video communication.
A record of the scheduled appointments is maintained by the
central traffic control system.
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At the appropriate times, identification designations
for remote locations are provided in sequence,~to address a
memory for fetching telephone numbers. and/or graphic display
data~also recorded when the appointments are scheduled.
Accordingly, in sequence, vendor, surveillance or like
locations are dialed up via the public telephone system,
either manually or automatically, to obtain audio-video
communication providing an image of the vendor and the
surrounding area at a specific vendor location.
Additionally, data associated with a vendor (or a buyer) may
be graphically displayed for convenient reference. For each
scene display with respect to a specific vendor, the graphic
display of pertinent data provided may, for example,
indicate the telephone number, the Pgl~ number, the video
format, vendor rating, current vendor delivery status and so
On.
Special controls such as a mouse may be instituted
enabling manifestations at the vendor. location to initiate
action or alter the display. Special. operations also may be
commanded through the videophone, video still (high quality)
or high fidelity (hi-fi) video means either on manual
initiative or automatically by automatic apparatus.
A video recorder and/or video printer may be located at
a remote vendor location, central traffic control station or
buyer location for selectively or continuously obtaining a
video recording or video printout of displays.
Multiple coordinated central traffic control stations
may be employed to communicate with widely distributed
vendor or buyer locations with capabilities to route calls
to each other, in the event that all of the communication
lines are occupied and there is a considerable backlog of
calls. Calls may be routed to the next available operator
(buyer), for example, in the event appointments scheduled
for a particular buyer last longer than contemplated, or
another buyer familiar with that line of products may step
in and handle the appointment.
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Under some circumstances it may be desirable to
prioritize calls. For example, appointments may be queued
in sequence, specific appointments may precede other routed
appointments in accordance with an override feature.
A record of the number of calls and related charges
incurred by the buyers for appointments is maintained, which
may be analyzed and ultimately rebilled to the vendors. Of
course, charges for scheduling are incurred directly by the
vendors. Also, a record of charges incurred for each caller
l0 (buyer or vendor), depending upan the transaction initiated,
may be maintained and billed to each caller.
A video recorder and/or printer may be located at a
remote location or central unit for selectively or
continuously obtaining a video recording or computer
printout of displays.
Multiple control units may be employed to monitor
widely distributed locations with capabilities to route
calls to each other in the event all the communication lines
are occupied and there is a considerable backlog of calls,
Which may also be prioritized.
These, as well as other features of the present system
will become apparent from the detailed description which
follows, considered together with the appended drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTI~N OF THE DRAWINGS
A complete understanding of the invention and its
advantages may be gained from a consideration of the
following description of the disclosed embodiments taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGURE 1 is a high-level block diagram of one
embodiment of the system in accordance with the present
invention accommodating monitoring capabilities;
FIGURE 2 is a more detailed bloc: and pictorial diagram
of another embodiment of the system of the present invention
accommodating scheduling and processing and commercial
product routing and vending capabilities;
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FIGURE 3 is a more detailed block diagram of basic
components in the system of FIGURE 2 illustrating an
exemplary configuration thereof;
FIGURE 4 is a fragmentary diagrammatic representation
of an exemplary storage cell for information specific to a
vendor, as may be formatted in the system of FIGURE 2;
FIGURE 5 is a fragmentary diagrammatic representation
of an exemplary storage cell for information specific to a
buyer, as may be formatted in the system of FIGURE 2;
20 FIGURE 6 is a logic diagram illustrating an exemplary
operation format of the system of FIGURE 2 for automated
execution initiation of scheduled appointments;
FIGURE ~ is a logic diagram illustrating an exemplary
operation format of the system of FIGURE 2 for scheduling
appointments;
FIGURE 8 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an
exemplary configuration of the basic components of the
central traffic control system of FIGURE 2;
FIGURE 9 is a logic flow diagram illustrating an
exemplary operation~format of the system of FIGURE 8 for
automated qualification of callers, such as vendors or
buyers;
FIGURE 10 is an exemplary form for use in the
embodiment of FIGURE 2 indicating a buyer's request; and
FIGURE 1i is an exemplary message for use in the
embodiment of FIGURE 2 transmitted from the central traffic
station to a buyer or a vendor.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As indicated above, a significant aspect of the system
of the present invention is based on recognizing that a
dial-up public telephone system may be effectively utilized
for visual communication and/or conferences between a
plurality of remote locations and a central station. More
specifically, it has been recognized that for effective
security or surveillance capabilities, scheduling and
processing capabilities or product routing and vending
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capabilities, dial-up voice quality lines, such as standard
analog or digital lines, may be employed variously in
conjunction with videophone equipment, computer facilities
(personal computers {PGs) with video capabilities), sensing
apparatus and various forms of telephonic equipment as voice
generators, auto dialers and D-channel or in-band signalling
apparatus.
To that end, a dial-up public telephone system TS is
illustrated in FIGURE 1 (upper center) affording effective
communication between a plurality of remote locations L1-Ln
and at least one central unit CS.
In accordance with one embodiment, the remote locations
L1-Ln may involve a wide variety of locations, such as for
surveillance, for example, markets such as grocery chains
and convenience stores, banks, warehouses, residences,
automatic tellers, restaurants, factories, plants,
businesses, parking structures and so on. The location L1-
Ln may alternatively represent specific vendor sites and the
central unit may be located either at a specific buyer
facility (including a plurality of communication and control
stations for one or more operators, for example, buyers), or
at different locations, some being remote from a buyer
facility.
Essentially, each location L1-Ln is equipped with at
least one videophone capability (described below) to provide
telephonic signals through the telephone system TS to
accomplish a display at the central unit or station CS,.
Along with video signal display, under manual or computer
control, audio and data signals are employed to supplement
and enhance communication and monitor.i.ng operations. zn
that regard, each of the locations L1-Ln may incorporate
several video speakerphones (with one-way and two-way
communication and echo canceling), cameras (in some cases,
separate cameras may be used to concurrently provide images
for a videophone and high quality still images), sensors,
switches, automatic dialing devices and computer memory
capability for initiating and responding to commands from
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the central unit CS, as well as initiating various actions
to accomplish change or to accommodate special
circumstances.
The central unit CS incorporates a telephonic
interface, control and sequence-switching computer 12
coupled to a plurality of operator terminals V1-Vn. In one
example, each of the operator terminals V1-Vn is a
videophone monitor station. Accordingly, in one format,
during routine operation, the videophone stations V1-Vn
1o simply provide a sequence of combined audio, scene and
graphic displays revealing situations (under surveillance)
or particular vendors and their surrounding area where goods
may be displayed at identified remote locations L1-Ln.
In one application, with the event of special
circumstances, one or more of the videophone stations V1-Vn
is initially dedicated to monitoring and communicating with
one or more of the locations L1-Ln experiencing a special
situation.
The videophone terminals may be supplemented, as for an
emergency. Specifically, cellular telephone capability may
be provided for independent communication. As indicated
below, such capability also may be important at locations
L1-Lri.
As suggested above, a special situation, (e. g.,
''emergency" or "alert'°) is initiated either from the central
unit CS or any one of the remote locations L1-Ln.
Essentially, in response to a location-sensed special
situation, dial-up operations are initiated to accomplish a
°'special situation" connection from one or more of the
3o videophone stations V1-Vn so as to monitor and potentially
affect the situation at one of the surveillance locations
L1-Ln.
Furthermore, the central unit CS may automatically
. place an emergency call (for example, to indicate armed
robbery in progress) to the appropriate police department,
determined by a database associated with the particular one
of the locations L1-Ln at which the :incident is occurring,
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for example, by using ANI as described below. In the
interim, the operator rnay describe the situation to the
dispatcher at the police department or may be connected
directly to the responding patrol car. Alternatively, the
operator may actuate an auto dialer, such that the auto
dialer code number (obtained from the central unit database)
displayed on the operator°s video terminal connects him or
her to the appropriate police department. In the event
there are complications, the operator may use a regular
l0 telephone or a cellular telephone and manually dial the
telephone number displayed on the video terminal.
Preliminarily, considering an exemplary sequence of
operations with reference to FIGURE 1, assume that the
location L1, a bank, is entered by a person carrying a gun
with an intent to commit robbery. At some point, as
described in detail below, the intention of the person may
become known and manifest by a command signal, variously
generated at the location L1. As a result, telephone
equipment at the location L1 is actuated, prompting dial-up
2o operations to accomplish a connection from the bank location
L1 through the telephone system TS and the computer I2 to
one of the videophone stations V1-Vn. Assume, for example,
that the videophone station V1 is involved. As described in
detail below, in such a situation, the called number to the
computer 12 (originated by the location L1) indicates the
nature of the special situation, e.g., "emergency" or
"alert°°. That is, the nature of the situation is indicated
by dialed number identification signals (DNIS) using a
capability readily available from the telephone system TS,
3o as for example, on the so-called D-channel. The dialed
number identification signals (DNIS) may likewise indicate
the type of location where the special situation is
occurring, for example, where certain monitors at the
central unit CS are dedicated only to supermarkets and
others only to banks or the like.
It is to be noted that while the D-channel provides one
operational configuration, some DNIS and/or ANI (Automatic
18
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Number- Identification) data signals can be received in-band
without D-channel apparatus. Tn any event, DNIS signals
indicate the called number from the bank location L1. With
the provided data (e.g. using DNIS for. situation, ANI for
identification) the computer 12 fetches identification data
for a graphic display at the videophone station V1. Thus,
the videophone station V1 displays a video scene within the
' bank location L1 along with graphic data, for example, to
indicate: the nature of the special situation, e.g. "alert"
or "emergency", the locatian, key personnel and so on. Of
course, image enhancing techniques, as associated with
current videophone technology for enlarging the signals
received at the central unit CS or to provide higher
resolution pictures may be utilized. Accordingly, large
monitors may be utilized at the central station for viewing
such enhanced images.
Alternately, personnel at the remote location under
surveillance may call a predetermined telephone number for
the central unit CS, whereby as disclosed below, the use of
ARU (FIGURE 2) interactive technology including voice
generators can prompt entry by touch tone of remote location
code number or predetermined situation codes (with DNIS).
For example, personnel from the remote location may be given
voice prompts, either live or prerecorded, for example,
"Please enter your remote location code followed by the
situation code, 1 for emergency or 2 for alert.'°
By using dedicated communication lines to remote
locations L1-Ln, telephones at the remote locations may be
configured to answer after a predetermined number of rings,
e.g., three rings. Thus, regular polling of the remote
locations L1-Ln at selected or randam 'times during the day
determines if the line is operational. In the event the
line is busy or out of order, an "alert" situation may be
communicated to the central unit GS whereby the police may
be summoned to investigate the situation at that particular
location Ln. Alternately, to save telephone expenses and
avoid billing, the central unit CS may initiate a call to
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determine if a line is operative, but, terminate the call
upon making the determination during the initial stage that
the situation is normal. For example, the system may
terminate a call after two rings rather than wait from an
answer at three rings. Also, detectors located at the
remote locations Ll-Ln could indicate an "alert" situation
to the central unit CS, for example, in the event a lens has
been deliberately covered to prevent scrutiny.
Alternatively, remote locations may provide distinctive
or unique audio tones recognized by the central units CS in
the event fraudulent replacement of telephones or the like
to simulate a normal situation is contemplated by offenders.
As another feature, an incoming line can be designated
at the central unit CS, as an 800 line to receive calls from
any telephone to prompt scrutiny. For example, a call on'
the line may be answered by an interface or an operator to
be notified to establish scrutiny at a specified location.
In that regard, the location might be specified by ANI
signals. Accordingly, a person at a surveillance location
who becomes aware of a potential danger can simply call the
designated number from any telephone to instigate scrutiny.
At the central unit CS, the emergency display continues
with the system implementing manual controls as disclosed in
detail below. For example, the status of the situation can
be altered, various cameras at the location L1 may be
selected, scenes may be modified and audio or video may be
controlled. Note that the cameras may be of various kinds,
for example, wireless, panning, zoom and so on. Also, the
cameras may be operated to modify scenes by panning,
zooming, tilting or providing freeze frames, as desired.
Furthermore, a record (VCR) may be made of all received
signals as for subsequent study. Note also that by
assigning each of the locations L3-Ln, a distinct DNIS
(called number) identification data in the memory can be
accessed accurately by the DNIS number if desired.
At the central unit CS, multiple operators at single
monitors may be utilized, with calls sequenced to each
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operator depending upon the cumulative handling capability
of each operator. For example, if a particular operator is
handling calls at the average rate of six seconds each,
calls to that operator will be sequenced at that rate.
Furthermore, selective distribution of calls may be
appropriate, for example, calls reporting "emergency"
situations may be forwarded to a particular operator trained
in emergency procedures. Alternatively, calls may be routed
to the next available operator. In addition, as the calls
are queued in sequence, calls reporting ''emergency" or
"alert" situations may precede other routing calls in
accordance with an override feature.
A suitable layout of video cameras along with sensors
and switches may be employed to indicate situations in a
bank. The individual cameras, switches and sensors
(including manual switches) may take .a multitude of forms.
For example, the sensors might be sonic, infrared, visible
light, metal detectors, and so on.
In the~aontext of an ATM site, motion detectors may be
utilized to detect approaching individuals, whereby the
motion detector upon detecting an individual initiates
contact with .the central unit CS for viewing. Alternately,
entry of a PIN (personal identification number) by an ATM
customer may likewise initiate contact. It is also
contemplated that initiating contact with the central unit
CS could be controlled by the clock, such that the central
unit CS may be configured only to receive calls at select
intervals of time, for example, between 7 p.m. and 12 a.m.
Additionally, the system may be configured such that DNIS
and ANI communication features cross reference with the
clock prior to answering. For example, if the present time
is between 5 p.m. and 10 p.m., select calls are not
accepted. Such operation may or may not be useful in
various applications of the present system.
Referring now to FIGURE 2, in accordance with an
alternative embodiment, locations L1-Ln may represent remote
vendor sites. For merchandising applications, the central
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unit CS (FIGURE 1) is embodied as a traffic control system
TIS which schedules and processes appointments, and
regulates communication between plural groups. The remote
specific vendor locations communicate with the central
traffic control system TIS which may be located remote from
the buyers' and vendors' facilities.
As a buyer example, XYZ Drug Company (a large chain) _
may employ individual merchandise buyers responsible for
purchasing specific categories or sub-categories of items.
l0 For example, one buyer (person) may be responsible for
purchasing body treatment products, such as skin and hair
products, another buyer may be responsible for purchasing
vitamins and over the counter medications, and yet another
for purchasing magazines and toys, and so on. The present
system facilitates selective transmission of communications
between individual buyers of plural buyer groups or sub-
groups and qualified members of plural vendor groups or sub-
groups. For example, special offerings by vendors for
particular merchandise may be transmitted only to buyers
designated for purchase of the merchandise. Likewise, buyer
requests for proposals on select merchandise are transmitted
only to vendors designated to sell the merchandise.
Similarly, appointments for conferences may be scheduled by
vendors or buyers, although in keeping with present .
merchandising practices, it is generally contemplated that
vendors would pursue scheduled appointments. However,
appointments are generally verified by buyers and
appointment execution calls are generally initiated by
buyers, either directly or automatically using auto dialers.
A fully automated interactive voice response system
including ARUs (audio response units) may schedule
appointments for specific buyers and subsequently, load
schedules for all the buyers into a memory at the central
traffic control station. Alternatively, each specific _
buyer's schedule may be transmitted to and loaded into a
memory at each buyer terminal. In some instances, vendors
may communicate with the traffic control station in any of a
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variety of ways (touch-tone, electronic-mail, voice-mail,
facsimile or the like) to make and/or verify appaintments
andJor initiate the conferences, if necessary. In addition,
buyers may also communicate with the traffic control system
to approve appointments, or otherwise update information in
" any of a variety of ways (touch-tone, electronic-mail,
voice-mail, facsimile or the like). During visual
conferences (in real-time), vendors may display their goods,
packaging or promotional displays and otherwise effectively
communicate with the buyers.
Along with a video signal display (real-tune, color,
motion, freeze frame), under manual or computer control,
audio and data signals are employed to supplement and
enhance conferencing operations. In an exemplary system,
each of the vendor locations may incorporate several video
speakerphones (with one-way and two-way communication and
echo canceling), a camera (separate cameras also may be used
to concurrently provide images for a videophone and high
quality still images), switches, automatic dialing devices
and computer memory capability for initiating and responding
to commands from the central traffic central system, as well
as for initiating various actions to accomplish change or to
accommodate special circumstances.
Conventionally, in merchandising applications, it is
appropriate for the vendors to incur communication expenses.
To facilitate this, a reduced rate service for long distance
outbound calling, for example, MEGACOM, may be installed at
each of the buyers facilities. Data .an calls made by ~.hP
buyers may be obtained from the telephone company (e. g.,
AT&T telephone company) and analyzed to isolate calls made
to each specific vendar and thus, the cumulative charges
incurred may be computed. For example, outgoing call
activity may be monitored at each of the buyers facilities
or the independently managed, central traffic control site
and rebilled to specific vendors.
Alternatively, toll free or '~800'~ services at each of
' the vender locations may be installed, and "800" number
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calls initiated by the buyers may be billed to each of the
vendor locations. Further, the central traffic control
system may include a central detail service to contract for
and install telephone services at both the buyer and vendor
locations, in order to obtain and report an calls to and
from the buyers, as well as centrally bill both buyers and
vendors for all video telephone communications and related
transactions.
Considerable other data may be developed and stored.
l0 For example, the central traffic control station for each
buyer facility may maintain a record of outbound calls made
by all the buyers located at that facility including data,
such as the date and time of the call, the name of the buyer
initiating the call and the duration of the call.
Accordingly, information for each buyer may be subsequently
compiled. Likewise, the central traffic control station may
maintain a record of all the calls made by each vendor. Far
example, a specific organization may wish to ascertain the
number of vendor calls to a particular buyer. Accordingly,
2o the central traffic control station may compile such data by
comparing vendor outbound calls with a database of buyers
(including information, such as telephone numbers, names
etc.).
Furthermore, in some cases, a summary of each buyer's
efficiency may be recorded and provided to interested
parties. For example, a buyer's efficiency may be
ascertained by the number of video calls made by a specific
buyer every week, the average length of the video call, and
other data displayed from the database, namely, name of the
3o vendor, names of the persons participating in the call, and
so on. For example, for a particular buyer a summary could
indicate that during the week of March 2o, 1993, forty calls
were made for an average length of twenty minutes. Detailed
information may further indicate that specifically at 10:00
a.m., on March 20, 1993, a first appointment with Mr. John
Blow, of ABC Fruit Company was initiated, which lasted for 1
hour and 12 minutes, and at 11:12 a.m., a second appointment
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with I~is. Mary Smith of XYZ Cutlery Company lasted 11 minutes
and so on.
The central traffic control system TIS may
automatically place a call (for example, to broadcast a
proposal request from a buyer) to the appropriate vendor
locations, determined by a database of vendor locations
qualified (for example, as by specific category or sub-
category) for the particular merchandise for which the buyer
requests proposals. Likewise, when executing appointments,
the buyer may place a call to the appropriate vendor
location, determined also by a database associated with the
particular one of the vendor locations L1-Ln, with which the
specific buyer has an appointment scheduled. Alternatively,
the buyer may actuate an auto dialer, such that the auto
dialer code number (obtained from the central traffic
control station database) displayed on the buyer s video
terminal connects him or her to the appropriate vendor. In
the event there are complications or otherwise, the buyer
may use a regular telephone or a cellular telephone and
manually dial the telephone number displayed on the video
terminal. It is currently recognized that cellular
transmission will ultimately provide dynamic motion and high
resolutions freeze frame displays,
The operation of the total-system embodiment of FIGURE
2 will now be considered in somewhat greater detail.
Preliminarily, it should also be recognized that certain
basic components illustrated only at the central traffic
control site TIS, such as memory, data storage, auto
dialers, printers, VCRs etc., obviously may also be found at
the buyer sites.
In the illustrated embodiment, the central traffic
control system TIS directs and exchanges on-line and off-
line traffic between the vendor and buyer sites, in the form
of special offerings, proposals etc., as well as accepts
appointment requests from either the vendor or the buyer
sites. Appointment requests are generally initiated from
the vendor locations L1-Ln. Subsequently, buyers initiate
CA 02460488 2004-03-19
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communication with specific vendors in accordance with
scheduled appointments at the appropriate times.
The central traffic control system TIS may initiate
contact with the vendor locations Ll-Ln or the buyer
locations V1-Vn (in predetermined sequence or randomly) to
afford communication with the designated vendor or buyer.
For visual conferences, buyers may initiate contact with the
appropriate vendor locations LI-Ln, also in sequence, such
as when scheduled, or in some instances randomly.
As illustrated in FIGURE 2, different vendor locations
may have different communication capabilities, as
represented by terminals VP1, VS1 for analog telephone
communication capabilities over standard analog lines
(static, videophone or PC), terminal VD1 for digital video
capabilities over ISDN lines, and CDP1 for a combined
terminal for analog and~digital communication capabilities.
For illustration purposes, FIGURE 2 shows one telephone (see
CDP1) as exhibiting both analog and digital communication
capabilities.
The videophone terminal VPI may be a unit available
from AT&T, such as the Videophone 2500, or one available
from MCI. A form of the digital video system VD1, for
example, the NCR PVS-70 system also is available from
AT&T/NCR and is recognized to provide high quality images.
A static video system VS1 may be AT&T's PICASSO'''"' still image
phone, which transmits "picture perfect" still color images
and voice simultaneously in just a matter of seconds. By
pushing a button on the PICASSO'" phone, a still image for a
camcorder or electronic camera may be captured and, by
3o pushing another button, that picture may be transmitted to
another PICASSO"' phone. Such a video static system connects
to standard analog telephone lines and is compatible with a
wide range of video technology used in daily communication
and industry standard camcorders, electronic cameras, mouse
devices, document scanners and photo CD players.
Accordingly, full-color images, virtually of any type, size
or dimension may be transmitted for display on a TV, LCD
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panel; PC monitor or video monitor. 7_mages may be stored or
printed using a PC interface.
FIGURE 2 also illustrates representative operator
terminals V1-Vn (in this embodiment manned by buyers),
coupled to the traffic control system TIS. Of course, all
the operator terminals, as well as the central traffic
control system may be compatibly configured. Note that
different videophone systems, rely on their own proprietary
codecs, sometimes 'with more than one as an option.
Generally, the operator terminals have the capability to
accommodate videophone operation alone with telephone
switching and a variety of control functions.
The central traffic control system TIS includes a
computer control and interface system 28 coupled to several
operating devices including an auto dialer 30, a memory 32,
a "D" channel signal processor 34, an audio response unit
(ARU) 36 and a caller test unit 38. These structures and
their interconnections are disclosed in greater detail
below.
The computer control and interface system 28 also is
connected to a clack 40 and an operator station 42. The
clock 40 may control scheduling operations as explained
above. For example, updates or changes to appointments,
such as cancellations, may be remotely implemented (for
example, via the central traffic control system) and
forwarded to the appropriate buyer in a variety of ways,
such as facsimile, electronic-mail, voice-mail or the like.
The clock 40 may likewise monitor time limitations, as when
special offerings and proposals are only valid for defined
intervals of time.
With the live operator station 42, calls from vendors
seeking appointments, making special offerings, or
alternatively, calls from buyers seeking appointments or
proposals, may be transferred to a human operator, in the
event there are complications with the automatic response
units or message recording equipment or in the event callers
are calling from a rotary telephone. Some vendors or buyers
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may always prefer telephone communication with a human
operator at some level.
As indicated above, flexibility to accommodate various
vendor equipment configurations is an important aspect of
the central traffic control system TIS and the operator
terminals V1-Vn. In that regard, it should be recognized
that even though only the buyer operator terminals V1-Vn are
shown coupled to a format switch 41 (lower center), the
central traffic control system TIS also has some form of a
format switch, shown as part of the video file server. The
format switch 42 (FIGURE 2) selects a compatible one of
analog video circuits and static video circuits (on analog
communication lines) and digital video circuits (on digital
communication lines) for driving one or more monitors
incorporating such specific circuits. Each of the video
monitors V1-Vn carry a camera C1-Cn, which may variously
facilitate dynamic motion images and still images. The
format switch unit 41 (FIGURE 2) can switch a single analog
line 39 (from analog lines AL1-ALn) to couple to either
videophone circuits or static video c~,rcuits or a digital
line (or lines from digital lines DL1-~DLn) indicated at 39a
to couple to digital video circuits. Nate that two lines
are typically required for digital video, one for audio and
one for digital data. Alternatively, the audio line may
also serve as the analog line.
A video recorder (VCR) also may be provided in all
embodiments, indicated generally at 51a, which may be set to
record continuously or intermittently, to provide histarical
data for subsequent reference, for example, of situations
under surveillance or of vendor displays when conferring
with a supervisor or refreshing the memory with respect to
specific features. Alternatively, a video printer, also
indicated at 51a, may be used. ~n receiving a request
command, for example, from the central station CS or the
traffic control system TIS, the video recorder may record
compressed video signals of the display images. of course,
28
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wo 9aniasa rcT~s9a~oas~3
continuous recording by the video recorder may be suspended
when desired.
At locations where mare than one camera is positioned,
a single video recorder may be connected to the multiple
cameras via a switching device to control and sequence the
recordings from the cameras. A switching device such as the
intelligent sequential switcher manufactured by SONY, as
Model No. YS-5100, may be used to control and sequence
multiple recordings. In addition, plural video recorders,
to such as separate video recorders for recording images
transmitted on digital or analog lines may be connected.
In some situations, select frozen frames of viewings of
situations under surveillance or of vendor products, or a
specific time period of each viewing, may be recorded on a
VCR or printed using a video printer, for example, two
seconds (specific time period) of a twenty minute
appointment for each location under surveillance or vendor
location. Such video printing may be obtained by the
central location CS or both by buyers and vendors.
Likewise, the operator terminal V1 (or the remote
locations L1-Ln or the central unit~CS or the central
traffic control system TIS), for example, may incorporate a
standard line printer for providing a printed record of
predetermined communications, e.g., indicating the date,
time, location, period of viewing etc. Thus, a detailed
hard-copy retard is available when desired.
. With respect to some embodiments, such as for
merchandising, the traffic control system TIS also includes
within a memory 32 or separate therefrom, a video EDI 35 for
3o storing EDI software (Electronic Data Interchange
facilitating direct computer-to-computer exchange of forms)
or the like. It should be recognized that the buyer
terminals V1-Vn may also have EDI software or the like
stored in memory, by virtue of which, easy access to and
exchange of forms is facilitated. The traffic control
system TIS also includes a video file server 37, where
vendors and buyers may deposit a video recording of a
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product being offered by a vendor or alternatively, desired
by a buyer. A block indicated at 45 and labeled "data
storage" stores standard system and network software.
Selectivity logic, indicated at 47, to prevent information
overload selectively directs communications between members
of plural groups or sub-groups, such as wholesale buyer and
vendor groups. Operations relating to the selectivity logic
47 are discussed below.
At this stage, consider an initial phase of a vendor
scheduling an appointment. In that regard, select vendors
are given advance notice of calling numbers and operating
instructions. Accordingly, consider an exemplary operation
sequence from the vender telephone AT1 (FIGURE 2). Thus,
the vendor initiates dial-up operation with the central
system TIS, seeking to schedule an appointment with the
specific buyer. With a connection, a called number is
indicated by Dialed Number Identification Signals (DNIS)
utilizing facilities readily available and provided by the
dial-up telephone system TS through the so-called D-channel
2o apparatus 34. Thus, the central traffic control system TIS
has a basis for determining if, by reason of dialing the
called number, the vendor is entitled to make an appointment
with a specified buyer. A PIN number entered by the vendor
may also qualify a caller (vendor).
The dial-up telephone system TS also provides Automatic
Number Identification (ANI) signals indicating the calling
number on the so-called D-channel apparatus 34. In various
operational phases of the present disclosed embodiment, such
signals identify the remote vendor location L1 to the
central traffic control system TIS. Using such information,
the memory 32 may provide alternate foams of calling
signals, commanding a specific outgoing line from the
telephone computer control and interface 28 to afford
additional communication. Specifically, for example, ANI
signals might command various related data from the memory
32. Thus, an appointment may be scheduled for execution at
a later time as explained in detail below.
CA 02460488 2004-03-19
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1~s an alternative to simply scheduling an appointment,
assume that the caller is located at the buyer terminal VP1
and wishes to initiate video contact with a specific buyer.
Upon~attaining communication, the call may be processed, for
example, directly to the buyer terminal V1, at which
appropriate videophone communication is provided with the
vendor. In that regard, video monitors at the terminals V1-
Vn may be compatible to receive videophone signals through
the dial-up telephone system TS and the computer control and
l0 interface 28 of the traffic control system TIS.
Whether a conference is implemented as a result of a
direct call from a vendor, or as a result of a scheduled
appointment, in accordance with the present development, the
selected operator terminal V1-Vn (buyer terminal) is
formatted in a configuration compatible with the connected
vendor terminal. In that regard, the terminal AT1 (vendor)
simply accommodates audio and digital signals and is
representative of such terminals for use to schedule
appointments, as in an ARU interface. Alternatively,
person-to-person communication is available through the
operator station 42.
The videophone terminal VP1 is representative of such
units to provide one form of audio/video communication with
one of the terminals V1-Vn. During such communication, the
format switch 41 is actuated to activate the videophone
circuits to function in cooperation with one of the monitors
V1 or Vn. Thus, compatible communication is implemented for
each outgoing call, utilizing data from the memory 32.
For communication with static video systems (PICASSO'"'
30, units) as represented by the terminal VS1, the format switch
41 actuates the static video circuits for compatible
operation of a monitor V1 or Vn. Note that particularly
effective operations~may involve combination formats, for
example, a videophone and a static video system (likely
using a single analog line). Specifically, with both of the
appropriate circuits operative, the camera and the monitor
V1 may function in a videophone format to accommodate
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effective personal communication between a buyer and a
seller. Concurrently, the camera and the monitor V1 may
operate in a static video format to effectively exhibit a
vendor s product. Additionally, a mouse 51 at the terminal
VS1, controls a cursor in the display of the monitor V1
further enhancing interactive communication. A mouse, such
as the one indicated at 51 may also be provided at the buyer
terminals V1-Vn. Again, the format switch 41 controls the
operations to attain the compatible format.
To further illustrate the possibilities, the terminal
VD1 is representative of high fidelity (hi-fi) telephonic
video systems using digital lines for higher resolution
dynamic displays. As with respect to the other formats, the
format switch 41 selectively actuates the compatible
circuits, the digital video circuits, to drive a selected
combination of camera and monitor.
It may be seen that the video platforms of terminals
V1-Vn offer considerable flexibility :in accommodating
multiple audio-video formats. Convenience is served by the
2o multiple format capability of the camera along with the
video monitor V1-Vn.
Recapitulating, the terminal V1 has been described for
communication with the various equipments at locations to
include a video location for display. In addition to the
display, each of the terminals V1-Vn incorporates a
handpiece or equivalent, and a substantial control panel
that may be in the form of a telephone pad or embodied as
part of a personal computer keyboard. In any event, the
control panel far each terminal V1-Vn includes the current
controls for an operative video format, plus dedicated
controls relating to the disclosed system.
One form of control involves video coordination. For
example, in accordance with a program, a conference might be
initiated in a videophone format with the terminal Vl
(FIGURE 2). Accordingly, the videophone circuits are active
to drive the video monitor V1. At some point, assume the
conference participants decide to add a static video
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communication. An appropriate command in touch tapes on the
key pad initiates a series of operations. Specifically,
another line connection is established by actuating the auto
dialer 30 (FIGURE 2), then static video circuits are
actuated. At the terminal V1, the static video circuits are
actuated to drive the monitor V2 that may involve another
monitor or split image operation. Separate displays for
dynamic and still video may be used, such that a buyer at
one monitor can confer with a vendor, speaking face-to-face
. 10 through the camera and that monitor, while the vendor
exhibits fine details of a product on a second monitor in a
still image. Of course, in sequences of such still images,
views can be changed and areas highlighted with a cursor
controlled by the mouse 51.
As an alternative to actuating the static video format,
the conferees may elect to go digital.' A suitable command
from the key pad sets the requisite steps in motion. The
auto dialer 30 dials up a digital connection, then using
that connection, the format switch 41 actuates the digital
video circuits to drive one of the monitors V1-Vn. Note
that with enhanced hi-fi video communication, the assumed
videophone communication might best be terminated.
In view of these examples, it will be apparent that the
operator at the terminal V1 has substantial control,
including the ability to go from one video format to
another. Of course, such operations presume that the endor
has the requisite capacity, which may be indicated in the
graphic display as treated in greater detail below.
From the above descriptions, it is apparent that the
disclosed system utilizes videophone technology in
combination with other telephone system technology along
with computer control and graphics technology to accomplish
effective scheduling and processing of traffic for visual
conferences.
As explained above, the exemplary central traffic
control system TIS functions to initiate outgoing calls, as
well as receive and process incoming calls. To resume with
33
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the explanation of an incoming call from a vendor to
schedule an appointment, when the telephone computer control
and interface 28 (FIGURE 2) receives an incoming call, it
may be connected to either the operator station 42 or the
audio response unit 36. Concurrently, incoming data signals
(DNIS and ANI) are provided to the "D" channel processor 34
for control and/or information. For example, from the
memory 32, the computer control and interface 28 may fetch
the identification of the vendor location L1 embracing one
to or more of the terminals VD1, etc. With such signal
represented data, one or more buyers are identified with
whom the vendor or vendor organization is entitled to
schedule an appointment. However, to schedule an
appointment, a vendor may use virtually any form of
telephone instrument or terminal including any of the units
AT1, VP1, VS1, VD1 or CDP1 as illustrated in FIGURE 2. The
unit AT1 is sufficient either for a telephonic-computer
interactive call or a direct operator call (station 42) to
schedule an appointment or the like.
Initially, as described above, inbound calls for a
buyer, initiated by vendors, may be received through the
computer control and interface 28 (FIGURE 2, upper right)
for scheduling appointments or directly accommodated at a
buyer location by the interface telephone switch SW (FIGURE
1, center left) including the format switch 41 for visual
conferences. The format switch 41 may incorporate a
variable codec for analog lines AL1-ALN and digital lines
DL1-DLN. For analog Iines, a video CODEC along with
computing capability may take the form ~of an AVPIOOO video
CODEC chip set as available from AT&T. Essentially, the
CODEC chip set accomplishes videophone ~aperation and
consists of a video encoder, a video decoder and an internal
system controller. The format switch unit 41 is shown as
coupled between a standard analog line and a line on ISDN.
Upan receiving a call from a videophone unit, the format
switch unit 41 selects the appropriate line, that is, the
analog line. Alternatively, upon receiving a call from a
34
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high fidelity video (digital), the format switch unit 41
selects a digital line. Also, as described above, during
visual communication (real-time), a buyer may make switches,
e.g., from transmitting dynamic images over a single analog
line to high resolution freeze frames. The high resolution
freeze frames may be viewed on large 14~ inch monitors.
Further, the images may be manipulated from either end, to
view the freeze frame image concurrently.
In the operation of the system embracing the exemplary
formats as treated above and below, a record is made for
billing purposes. That is, the terminal 14 (FIGURE 1}
embodied as a billing memory unit and a standard printer
(treated below) are controlled by the computer control and
interface 28 to record all transactions in relation to
billing charges. Such data can be variously processed at
different times. Basically, the concept invalves
formulating billing data, so that at least a part of the
calls made to a vendor, for example, can be rebilled to that
vendor.
Considering the dial-up telephone system TS (FIGURE 2)
in somewhat greater detail, in arrangement, the inter-
exchange carrier (e.g., AT&T) provides comprehensive data on
calls specifying: phone number calling, phone number called,
date, time, length of call (period), billing data and so on.
Test or look-up operations are then performed with reference
to a vendor database. Accordingly, portions of the charges
{with or without mark-ups) are rebilled (with appropriate
identification to the vendors}. Such operations may be
particularly effective in relation to 'private" networks,
3o e.g., the so-called SDN (software defined network), SDDN
{software defined data network) which is compatible with
ISDN operations, or a combination of the two service
offerings (SDN with SDDN). Note that AT&T's SDN is a
virtual network service which offers an organization the
ability to build a private corporate network within the AT&T
public network. A customized database contains information
on various sites affiliated with the organization (i.e., the
CA 02460488 2004-03-19
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service organization installs a °°private°°
rie~worlc service at
many different business entities), as well as features and
routing information. Moreover, SDN encompasses voice,
analog data, digital data and image transfer. SDDN is a
feature of SDN and is most often installed in conjunction
with SDN. A combination of the two provides the capability
of combining all the different sites for network management
and billing. Note that both buyers and vendors may wish to
extend the scope of the network of participants by
installing at least one similar mode of video in their
branches, plants and/or customers.
Essentially, coordinated with the computer control and
interface 28 in the system TIS, reapportioning and rebelling
options are executed by the billing data unit utilizing
storage capacity of the memory 32 or~a separate billing data
memory 49 (FIGURE 3).
To this point, detailed consideration has been
primarily directed to the treatment of incoming calls to the
system TIS. I3owever, as explained, certain modes involve
the placement of outgoing calls under either manual control
or automatic operation. Such operations next are treated in
detail.
As a result of control operations, to implement a
sequence of scheduled conferences, the computer control and
interface 28 (FIGURE 2) at the central traffic control site
TIS or the control computer 44 at the buyer site V1-Vn
(FIGURE 1) may address, for example, the memory 32 to fetch
the telephone number for an outgoing call, e.g., a vendor
location L1. The telephone number is supplied from the
memory 32 (or a memory at the buyer location) to the control
computer 44 which actuates an auto dialer, similar to auto
dialer 30, to provide the dial-up signals on an off-hook
line provided to the dial-up telephone system TS.
Typically, at the vendor location L1, a dedicated or other
line fox video operations will accept the communication.
As an alternative to manual calls, the system may
operate under computer control to enable a sequence of
36
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appointments. During the operation, 'the control computer 44
fetches telephone numbers for remote locations from the
memory 32 (or a memory on site) in sequence, actuates the
auto dialer 34 accordingly, and assigns the resulting
connections as scheduled. After a session between a
particular buyer and vendor has concluded, the control
computer 44 terminates the connection 'in favor of the next
waiting connection. A blinking light or alternatively, a
graphic display of "Five more minutes for the next
appointment" may be exhibited to the caller to indicate a
next appaintment. The operation may result in sequential
displays that have been scheduled at the particular one of
the terminals V1-Vn.
Different selling and buying companies may be
registered with the central traffic control system TIS. At
registration, central traffic control system TIS may issue
an identification card with a check digit for qualification
to~each representative of the selling or buying company.
For example, assume that XYZ company has four vendor
representatives, all located at vendor location L1 equipped
with analog capabilities only. Further assume that the
telephone number for that location is (212) 555-5555.
Accordingly, the traffic control system TIS may assign a
identification number and store the following information
under that identification number in memory: Jones, Roger,
XYZ Toy Company, Analog System, Telephone number (212) 555-
5555, Registered to interact with EFG Company (central
station number - (310) 666-6666), no priority, IJK Company
(central station number - (414) ?77-?777), priority with
buyer no. 3, Thursday appointments may be offered to vendors
with priority status. At registration, each vendor and
buyer f ills out a subscription form or otherwise provides
the central traffic control system TIS with specific
information, such as the nature of th,e merchandise they are
designated to sell or buy. This information may be provided
with reference to an established list of merchandise codes
(FIGURES 4 and 5). The designated merchandise cedes assist
37
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the selectivity logic 47 in making routing determinations to
avoid information overload. Similarly, vendors and buyers
seeking appointments are qualified on the basis of these
merchandise codes and limited to making appointments only
with authorized persons.
To make an appointment, a special offering or a
proposal in response to a buyer request, the vendor may
initiate dial-up operations with the central traffic control
system TIS. For such calls, the ARU 36 may provide voice
cues to the vendor and prompt touch tone input of responses
as described above. A single ARU may be used for different
organizations, alternatively, different ARU's may be used
for different large organizations. The ARU's may include
voice-mail capabilities for individual buyers. After
recording all the information pertaining to a special
offering or proposal, the central traffic control system TIS
provides reservation or identification numbers. For
example, callers may be queried via the ARU if calling to
cancel an appointment or supplement a special offering or
proposal. If a call is merely to cancel an appointment, the
vendor would only need to enter the appointment number.
Likewise, if the call is simply to report that a sale for a
special offering has been consummated, the vendor may only
need to enter an identification number.
Note that live operators also may take information from
vendors and access the traffic control system TIS to enter
appropriate request data processed similar to the automatic
features of the system in the event vendors are calling from
a rotary telephone or for other reasons. Additionally, the
live operators may transfer calls to an ARU to enable
vendors to leave voice-mail messages.
The traffic control system TIS may provide schedule or
other data to individual buyers via facsimile, either
automatically or upon request. Alternatively, schedule or
ather data may be provided to individu7l buyers by
downloading data onto a computer at the buyer's location
typically in batch mode overnight. Recent changes to
38
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appointments or special offerings and proposals may be
displayed on the buyer's terminal (real-time) or forwarded
by electronic-mail.
At the central traffic control site, which may service
numerous business entities, several audio response units
(ARUs) may be used in conjunction with several groups of
live operators. To accommodate large numbers of calls,
automatic call distributors (ACD) may be utilized to route
calls where the different business entities are identified
by DNIS.
It should be recognized that video recordings on
specific merchandise may be stored at the video file server
37 for viewing by buyers and sales may be consummated
without any visual conferences between vendors and buyers.
Also, it should be recognized that the buyer terminals
disclosed herein may be used by retailers to sell products
directly to the persons having units similar to the vendor
units described herein in their homes., In such a scenario,
ANI may be used to identify a particular household calling,
and DNIS may be used to identify a paa.-ticular product of
interest. .
As indicated above, the traffic control system TIS
incorporates structure for a wide variety of communications
through the dial-up telephone system TS.
Referring now to FIGURE 3, each of the operator
terminals V1-Vn (FIGURE 3, bottom) may be connected to a
control unit, specifically, control computer 44 (center)
that is inter-connected to an auto dialer 30, a memory 32
and a video audio recorder 51a (video and audio capability).
3o Essentially, these units (and others) may be time shared by
the video station or operator terminals V1-Vn. To that end,
capability may be provided in the control computer 44 to
transfer connections to locations L1-Ln as between the
terminals V1-Vn. Fox example, operators (buyers) at the
terminals V1-Vn may be specialists for certain goods with
designated calls from specific vendors routed to specific
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terminals and transfer capability to accommodate changes in
situations.
Initially, as described above, inbound calls initiated
by vendors or any remote telephonic interface appointment
scheduling system (similar to the traffic control, FIGURE 2)
are received through the telephonic interconnection 102
(FIGURE 3, upper left) accommodated by the interface
telephone switch 43 as well known in tine art. The
information signals accompanying calls (ANI and DNIS) are
passed to a D-channel circuit 104 as for decoding. That is,
as indicated above, the calling number signals (ANI)
identify the calling remote location. The called number
signals (DNIS) may indicate the particular buyer, buyer
organization etc.
Information carried by the ANI and DNIS signals is
supplied from the circuit 104 (FIGURE 3) to the memory a2
(upper right) through the control computer 44.
Specifically, a Line 103 carries the information (DNIS)
while a line 105 carries the call identification (ANI-Caller
I.D.). Consider the ANI processing initially, specifically
in relation to stored data as illustrated in FIGURE 4.
Referring now to FIGURE 7, with the initiation of a
call, indicated at block 200, the central station receives
"D" channel type signals, for example, including automatic
number identification (ANI) for. the calling number.
Responsive to the ANI signals, the system fetches a cell
from the memory 32 (FIGURE 3) for the execution of a
preliminary routine by the audio response unit (ARU).
The illustrated operation continues at block 202, where
after a greeting, the audio response unit 36 cues the
caller, requesting a personal identification number,(PIN
number). The cues may simply take the form: "Please enter
your personal identification number."
At query block 204, the PIN number entered by the
caller is received in the control computer 44 for test by
the unit 38. That is, the entered PIN number is compared
with a stored PIN number (FIGURE 4, cell ?0) to determine if
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the PIN number is accurate and to confirm that the caller is
authorized.
If the number is improper, indicated by a prompt "no"
(FIGURE 7, block 204) the call may be terminated as
indicated at block 206 or another opportunity may be
afforded. Ultimately, the call may bs: terminated with a
closing message or the call may be transferred to an
operator.
With entry of a proper PIN number, operation continues
at block 208, where authorized callers are next cued to
identify the buyer with whom they wish to schedule an
appointment. For example, the cue might simply take the
form: "Enter the identification number for the buyer with
whom you wish to schedule the appointment.°'
At query block 210, with the identification of the
buyer, a computer check (FIGURE 3, test unit 38) determines
the availability of the buyer to the caller as specified in
the vendors cell 70 (FIGURE 4). If the caller is authorized
to schedule appointments with the identified buyer, the
interface proceeds under control of the computer 44, through
a menu to schedule the time period desired for an
appointment as indicated by block 212. For example, the
caller (vendor) might be cued: "If you desire an appointment
of 15 minutes, touch the pound key, i.f you desire an
appointment of one half hour, touch the star key and if you
truly believe one hour is required, touch the one key."
Once the time period is specified, that information is
stored in the memory 32 (FIGURES 2 & 3) as indicated by
block 214. Specifically, the data is stored in a buyer cell
72 (FIGURE 5). In addition, priority status may be asserted
as indicated~by the vendor's PIN number. Note that the
memory 32 also may store data as a basis for reports to
buyers. Such reports may include comparisons, summaries,
and analysis of exchange carriers call data and appointment
scheduling files with associated vendor phone numbers.
The system may require qualification for vendors or
schedule appointments of longer duration. For example, the
41
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system may limit appointments of.longer duration to select .
vendors. However, pursuing the appointment menu as
indicated at block 216 (FIGURE 7), the interface may
continue as by cuing the caller with a multiple choice of
three appointment times from which one may be chosen.
At query block 218, a query is set forth to determine
if the appointment is made. A prompt "no" terminates the
call at block 206. A prompt "yes" stores the appointment
time in the memory 32. Specifically, as indicated above,
to the appointment is stored in the buyer cell 72, as
illustrated in FIGURE 5. The storage step is indicated at
block 22o in FIGURE 7. With the appointment time and period
or interval established, for example, May 12, 1992, 3.45 pm,
the appointment is assigned a number at block 222. In that
I5 regard, generally vendor cells in the memory 32 may be
accessed by appointment number, as well as the telephone
number. Once the appointment number has been assigned, a
caller may be cued for video format information, for
example, to determine the caller s video format capabilities
20 as indicated by block 224. Of course, of the video format
data is already of record in the vendors cell (see FIGURE 4,
vendor cell 70) the step may be deleted. Otherwise, the
video format information is stored as indicated at block
226.
25 As indicated, the scheduling operations may be void of
video communication, rather relying on computer interactive
operations. Accordingly, the D-channel signals are
operative primarily for identification and/or information.
On the contrary, for video operation, data is addressed for
3o supplemental graphics display. Specifically, from the
control computer 44, the representative ANI signals address
the memory 32 to fetch detailed graphic information,
specifically, the identification data indicated generally as
a buyers cell 72 as illustrated in FIGURE 5. A signal
35 represented form of such data is supplied from the control
computer 44 through one of a series of graphic lines G1-Gn
to a selected one of the monitor stations V1-Vn.
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Returning to FIGURE 3, within the station V1, the
graphic identification signal data on a caller is received
by a graphics generator 108 for processing into a videa
signal that is supplied to a video mixer 110. The output
from the video mixer 110 drives a monitor 114 to provide a
scene-graphics display.
As a concurrent operation with the ANI signal
processing, the DNIS signal representation also is applied
by the control computer 44 to the memory 32 for fetching an
indication of the particular location (vendor). Signal
representations of the vendor also are supplied from the
control computer 44 to the graphics generator 108 and
produce a disglay~representation (see vendor data 70, FIGURE
4). Thus, the video mixer 110 receives comprehensive
graphic signals for display concurrent with the picture
scene representation, the signal source of which will now be
considered.
As an alternative to the operation involving scheduled
appointments, under certain circumstances it may be
desirable to allow vendors to establish video communication
With buyer terminals by direct dialing. Of course, calls
may be conditioned by various tests or simply accepted. In
any event, upon the completed telephonic connection from the
remote location (FIGURE 2), as assumed above the specific
incoming line is coupled to the monitor station V1.
Specifically, the signals are received by a switch and
processors, indicated at i12 (FIGURE 3), which is part of
the format switch 41 (FTGURE 2), for driving the video
monitor 114 incorporating the display screen 60.
Specifically, the video switch and processors 112 are
coupled to the video mixer 110 to provide the scene content
of the display alang with graphics.
The video switch and processors 112 may incorporate a
variable cadec for analog lines AL1-ALN and digital lines
DL1-DLN. For analog lines, a video CODEC along with
computing capability may take the form of an AVP1000 video
CODEC chip set as available from AT&T. Essentially, the
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CODEC chip set accomplishes videophone operation and
consists of a video encoder, a video decoder and an internal
system controller.
As known, the system controller provides and receives:
video data, audio data and data signals. In that regard,
the video switch and processors 112 is illustrated with
cable (multiple path) connections. That is, path or line
ALl is one of the series of lines AL1--ALN carrying an
encoded videophone signal between the telephone switch 43
and the video switch and processors 112. A line 113 then
carries received video data to the video mixer. A line 115
(bus or cable) carries several other signals to the monitor
114, specifically, transmitted and received audio,
transmitted video arid data signals. The video switch~and
processors 112 also is connected to the control computer 44
for data signal flow. .
A logic program indicating the control operations of
the control computer 44 will now be treated with reference
to FIGURE 6. The program is entered at a line 130 {upper
center) shown leading to a decision or query block 132. The
query posed by the query block 132 relates to whether or not
the next appointment is timely as recorded in the memory 32
(FIGURE 3}. To that end, in.the sequence dial-up operation
of the system, the control computer 44 determines with
reference to the clock 40 (FIGURE 2) whether it is time for
initiating the next appointment. Proper time prompts a
"yes" path from the block 132 and the process will proceed
to a block I34 and pursue a path to fetch location data for
the next call. As indicated by a block 136, the next call
is placed on the proper format line, depending upon the
recorded data (FIGURE 4, cell 70) and whether the location
being called has videophone, video still (high quality) or
hi-fi video capabilities.
The operation then introduces a query as posed by a
block 142 to determine if there is an "answer." If there is
no answer, as indicated by line 143, the call is
automatically terminated after a predetermined number of
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rings or a predetermined time period has passed. Of course,
the call is only terminated after providing the caller with
an option of leaving a message, as indicated by block 144.
Alternatively, if the call is "answered," a cue for the PIN
number is provided as indicated by block 146.
Operation continues with a query block 148 to determine
if the PIN number has been entered. Tlle circumstance of
"no" PIN number returns the program to block 144 arid
terminates the call. If the PIN number is correctly
entered, the program continues to a query block 150, to
determine if contact with the desired remote location is
established. Once again, in the event of a substantial
delay, a "no" is prompted followed by termination of the
call at block 144.
Following the alternative "yes" path from the block 150
indicating that the buyer is on the line, advances the
program to a block 152. The resulting operation is to
formulate the buyer graphic display. As indicated above, in
one embodiment, the data is simply addressed in the memory
32 (FIGURE 3) by a four-digit number uniquely designating
each remote location.
With the available telephone number, the auto dialer 36
is actuated during the interval while ithe graphics data is
prepared fvr display. Once the buyer graphic display has
been formulated, the call is transferred to the buyer as
indicated by block 154. Exiting from the block 154, block
156 cues the buyer with cues such as "Time is up" or
"Appointment waiting."
Thus, the system accomplishes a sequence of displays
representative of the remote locations L1-Ln. As indicated
above, a single monitor station may be employed; however, in
the disclosed embodiment, several monitor stations V1-Vn
share the sequence accommodating interruption either for
manually controlled "outgoing°' calls or "incoming" calls.
Essentially, coordinated with the control computer 44,,
(see FIGURE 4, cell 70) reapportioning and rebilling options
are executed by the billing data unit 49, utilizing storage
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capacity of the memory 32 and the printer 51a. These
operations involve a supplemental step 158 (see FIGURE 5).
FIGURE 8 illustrates a more specific exemplary form of
the system TIS. The telephone interface switch 43 (upper
left) accommodates a multitude of line connections to the
dial-up public telephone system TS (FIGURES 1 and 2)
accommodating two-way communication with various
capabilities as treated above.
The telephone interface structure 43 (FIGURE 8)
to accommodates the placement of outgoing calls by an auto
dialer 30 controlled by a control computer 44 incorporating
substantial memory. Auto dialers are well known in the
telephone arts functioning to place calls in response to
digital instructions. As the source of such digital
instructions, along with others, the control computer 44
comprises a substantial computing capability, functioning to
control telephonic traffic in various communication forms
through the telephone interface structure 43. Traffic is
controlled, both for servicing and interconnecting remote
terminals at both vendor and buyer locations, e.g., buyer
locations vi-vn and vendor terminals, e.g. terminals L1-Ln.
The control computer 44 also is connected to an audio
response unit 36 for vocally cuing and otherwise interfacing
remote stations through the telephone interface structure
43. Again, various forms of audio response units are well
known in the telephonic arts far verbalizing cues, receiving
digital signals and performing some processing. In that
regard, the audio response unit 36 may incorporate some
dictionary capability or may rely on t:he control computer 44
for an extended dictionary of words to be vocalized.
The control computer 44 also is connected to receive
signals from the telephone interface Structure 43 through a
"D" channel circuit 104. For example, the "D" channel
circuit receives ANI and DNIS signals indicative of calling
and called station numbers as explained above. Essentially,,
the "D" channel circuit 104 provides call related
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information to the control computer 44 in accordance with
well known techniques of the telephonic arts.
Recapitulating to some extent, it may be seen that the
control computer 44, clang with the above-mentioned
structures, has substantial capability to interface with
remote terminals. However, under certain conditions, manual
communication also may be desired. Accordingly, as
explained above, an operator station 42 is coupled to the
control computer 44 to accommodate a human interface. The
l0 operator station 42 may take the form of a CRT terminal with
graphics display capability and various controls (FIGURE 8)
implemented through the control computer 44.
As indicated above, to accomplish the traffic control
function, the control computer 44 has substantial computing
capability, specifically, for purposea of control, storage
management, delivery, scheduling and interconnecting remote
stations. For convenience of explanation, in FIGURE 8,
several operating components that could be integrated in the
control camputer 44 are separately il7.ustrated. Such
separate illustration also facilitates the operating
explanations. Specifically, separate storage capacity is
illustrated in the form of a buyer-vendor storage unit T24
and a buyer-vendor/merchandise code storage unit T26. The
storage units T24 and T26 are addressed by the control
computer 44 to provide data that is processed along with
other data to control and facilitate on-line and off-line
communications between buyer and vendor terminals.
As suggested above, communication between the various
vendors and buyers involves substantial control and
regulation along with limitations, thus, the term traffic
control is deemed appropriate. In that regard, a
qualification unit (caller test unit).38 is coupled both to
the control computer 44 and the storage units T24 and T26.
. Essentially, the qualification unit (caller test unit) 38
receives identification and limitation data to qualify
buyers and vendors for select individual communicatians.
The storage unit T26 is coupled directly to the control
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computer 44, along with a billing data memory 49 and a
printer 51a far operation as mentioned above.
Summarizing the extensive treatment above, the present
system variously implements both online and offline
communication as between vendors and buyers. The
communication is considerably enhanced by video displays.
Accordingly, a video file server 37 is coupled directly to
the telephone interface structure 43 and to the control
computer 44. A monitor station V1-Vn is similarly coupled,
as for select time or call monitoring.
In view of the preliminary description of the structure
(FIGURE 8) a comprehensive explanation of the system now may
be expressed by assuming particular situations and
describing typical operating sequences. Accordingly, assume
the structure of FIGURE 8 is coupled as the. traffic control
system TIS in the system of FIGURE 2 for controlling and
regulating select communications between vendor and buyer
terminals. In that regard, a system of merchandise
classification is used to enhance the selectivity of
communication to prevent information overload. Generally,
merchandise is classified in accordance with a decimal
system, somewhat equated to the channels of commerce for
various goods. For example, a component of such a
classification is as follows.
CHART A
Merchandise Decimal Code
a
i
Body Treatment i 470000
Skin 471000
Sun Cream 47260
Prevent & Protect 471230
Water Resist 471234
Tanning 471235
a
Cream ~ 471300
Moisture '471310
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Cleansing 471320
Hair 472000
In accordance with the exemplary classification, "body-
treatment" merchandise carries the code "4?0000". More
explicit classifications of such merchandise carry
additional decimal indicators. For example, as indicated
above, water-resistant, sun protection treatment would be
identified by the code '°471234°'. Accordingly, entire ranges
of merchandise are classified and coded to control and
regulate communication traffic in accordance herewith.
Generally, preliminary inquiries, offers for sale and
requests for proposals all carry merchandise codes for
selectively identifying potentially interested vendors or
buyers. As a further element of classification, buyers or
vendors also may be assigned specific codes, for example,
designating a business primarily as, supermarkets,
department stores, drug stores and so on.
As detailed below, the operation of the system will be
treated as it regulates and controls video communication,
for example, selectively between vendors and buyers, to
expedite traditionally complex purchasing operations. In
that regard, the embodiment treats six types of telephone
calls. Specifically, primary calls are classified in
accordance with the following chart.
CHART B
Type Call. Nature
"A" Vendor with special offering
"B" Buyer responding to special
offering
'°C" Buyer with Request for
Proposal (RFP)
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~~D~~ Vendor responding to RFP
~~g~~ Vendor seeking appointment
"F~~ Buyer seeking appointment
Typically, calls of the various types involve some form
of qualification or approval. Far example, access to the
system typically will be limited to qualified or registered
entities. Also, certain limitations will be imposed on such
entities. Far example, calls that would reveal one vendor's
proposal to another vendor are inhibited. Also, it may be
desirable to limit calls from buyers accessing information
related to another buyer. Of course, specific forms of
limitations and qualifications may be implemented depending
upon specific applications. However, in accordance with the
disclosed embodiment, the types of calls set out above, all
involve some form of qualification. The qualifications are
generally performed by the qualification unit (caller test
unit) 38 (FIGURE 8) utilizing information derived from a
call correlated with reference data from the storage units
T24 and T26. In that regard, the logic for the
qualification unit (caller test unit) 38 may be implemented
in accordance with the flow diagram of FIGURE 9 as will now
be considered.
In the disclosed embodiment, the qualifications,for
buyers and vendors are somewhat similar. Specifically, the
tests for a calling vendor area
Is the calling station registered as a vendor (or
buyer)?
Can the caller give a proper PIN number (Identification
Number)?
Is the vendor qualified for the designated merchandise?
Is the vendor approved for an identified buyer or
buyers?
The tests for calling a buyer are quite similar. To
consider the logic embodied in the qualification unit
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(caller test unit) 38 (FIGURE 8), reference will now be made
somewhat concurrently to FIGURES 8 and 6. With the
occurrence of an incoming call through the telephone
interface structure 43 (FIGURE 8), "D" channel signals are
supplied through the circuit 104 to the control computer 44.
As a result, the control computer 44 addresses the buyer-
vendor storage unit T24, using the call number of the
originating terminal (ANI}. Of course, in other
applications DNIS signals may be similarly employed. The
operation is illustrated by a block T40 (FIGURE 9).
Addressed by the calling number, the :atarage unit T24
(FIGURE 8} supplies representative signals indicating:
first, that the calling terminal does belong to a registered
buyer or seller, whether the entity is a buyer or a seller,
and the identification number (PIN) for the entity. The
operation of consulting the storage unit T24 or look-up
table is illustrated by a query block T42 in FIGURE 9.
If the calling terminal number is not located,
indicating an unregistered caller, the qualification unit
(caller test unit) 38 (FIGURE 8) actuates the control
computer 44 for appropriate control. Specifically, the
audio response unit 36 may be prompted to provide a
termination message or the operator station 42 may be
actuated for a human interface. Such alternatives are
represented in FIGURE 9 by the block 9c44.
For calls originating from a registered terminal, the
qualification unit (caller test unit) 38 (FIGURE 8) stores
the pertinent data, i.e., buyer or seller and reference
PIN. The operation is illustrated in FIGURE 9 by the block
T46.
With the determination of a properly registered calling
terminal, the control computer 44 actuates the audio
response unit 36 providing a verbal cue for an.
identification number (PIN). The operation is illustrated
in FIGURE 9 by the query block~T48. If the caller enters
. keypad digital information indicating an invalid PIN, or
makes no entry at all, the operation again proceeds to the
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block T44 for termination or transfer of the call as
explained above. With the entry of a valid PIN, the
operation proceeds to store the personal identification
number as indicated by a block T50.
The qualification unit (caller test unit) 38 (FIGURE 8)
next functions in cooperation with the control computer 44,
driving the audio response unit 36 to cue the caller for the
type of call and the merchandise code, see blocks T52 and
T54 (FIGURE 9) representing such operations. Although such
l0 operations are not detailed in FIGURE 9, it is to be
understood that improper responses or 'the lack of a response
will transfer the process to the function of block T44, as
illustrated, to terminate or transfer 'the call. On the
contrary, if appropriate information is received, the
qualification unit (caller test unit) 38 (FIGURE 8) receives
and stores the requested information. Consequently, the
unit 38 contains: the caller's PIN number, the call type
and the merchandise code. That data is then tested within
the qualification unit (caller test unit) 38, against
reference data, in a process step as illustrated by the
query black T56 in FIGURE 9. The details of the test are
treated in somewhat greater detail below; however, as
illustrated in FIGURE 9, if the tests .are not successful,
the process again proceeds to the termination block T44~
otherwise, the process proceeds to a block T58 to implement
the substantive communication of the call.
The final test of the call involves operation of the
qualification unit (caller test unit) 38 (FIGURE 8) in
conjunction with the storage unit T26. That is, for each
buyer arid vendor, the unit T26 stores merchandise codes and,
in some instances, other special information. Fox example,
typically, vendors may be denied access to certain
information. For example, a vendor wo~zld not have access to
the type calls: "A" (a special offering of another vendor),
''D" (another vendor responding to an RFP) and so on.
However, exceptions are possible and in that regard it is
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simply important to appreciate that special situations may
be stored in the unit T26.
Returning to the routine situation, as indicated above,
each buyer and vendor is associated with specific
merchandise codes. In that regard, merchandise codes not
only facilitate and expedite communication but additionally,
charges and billing data (for storage in the memory 49) may
be based on active merchandise codes for a subscriber.
Pursuing a specific example, assume a caller,
identified as a vendor and otherwise qualified, is pursuing
the presentation of a special offering. Further assume that
the calling vendor is associated only with hair praducts
(Chart A, code 472000}. However, assume that the caller
identifies the "merchandise of interest" to be a water
resistant sun skin product, code 471234. Thus, the
identified merchandise code does not coincide with the
caller's registered merchandise code. In such a case, the
processing is halted with the consequence that the call is
either terminated or transferred to an operator. At this
stage, likely operation would involve referring the call to
an operator. Thus, the qualification unit (caller test
unit} 38 concludes the test by assuring that the entity
being represented by a call is authorized far access with
respect to the identified codes.
Once a caller has been identified, the control computer
44 (FIGURE 8) functions primarily in conjunction with the
video file server 37 to implement the communication. Of'
course, in instances where an appointment is sought, as
described in detail above, the function of the video file
3o server 37 may be relatively nominal. Note with regard to
appointments, that a caller may simply request an
appointment immediately within call types "E" and "F". That
is, within the concept of obtaining an appointment, a caller
may simply seek to speak with a particular vendor or buyer
representative immediately.
To consider the specific operations, assume that the
exemplary caller is a vendor with a special offering, i.e.,
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call type °'A". As a specific example, the caller may
represent a vendor entity dealing in distressed merchandise
holding a considerable volume of hair shampoo packaged for
women, i.e., merchandise code "472147'''. With the
merchandise codes stored, the control computer 44 actuates
the video file server 37 along with the audio response unit
36 to receive a video presentation of the merchandise, that
is, the hair shampoo. Typically, the vendor will have
organized the presentation prior to making the telephone
l0 call so that the merchandise can be variously demonstrated
and various information including pricing, etc., expressed
in the video presentation. Thus, an effective record of the
video presentation is stored in the file server 37
essentially in the form of a sales presentation fox the hair
shampoo, that is, product code "472147".
With the completion of the video record, the control
computer 44 actuates the storage unit T26 to isolate all
buyers associated with the product code "472147" identifying
hair shampoo. With the list of buyers identified and a
video presentation recorded, the subsequent operations
involve communicating the video presentation to the select
group of buyers. In accordance with the disclosed
embodiment, the identified buyer group is notified of the
availability of the demonstration. Thereafter, qualified
buyers may establish communication (call "B") through the
telephone interface structure 43 (FIGURE 8) to receive the
stored video presentation from the file server 37. Various
specific arrangements may be involved. The central traffic
system TIS may maintain a record or log of all the buyers
3o accessing the video file server 37, which may be provided to
the vendor, upon request. A record of the time (provided by
the clock) spent by each buyer in viewing a video
presentation may also be maintained. For example, a
specific buyer may terminate the video after viewing it for
only a few minutes, while another buyer may view the entire
video presentation. The vendor may request such information
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to determine buyers' reactions to the: special offering, for
marketing or other reasons.
In some situations, it may be particularly advantageous
for buyers to receive early notice of a special offering by
a vendor. Accordingly, it may be desirable to implement a
rotational order scheme or a random operation for
determining the sequence in notifying buyers. Specifically,
a random number generator may be incorporated in the control
computer 44 for ordering the list of buyers for
notification.
Notices to buyers or vendors also may vary
considerably, depending upon individual programming
considerations. In some situations, vendors may provide a
special list of buyers or alternatively, exclude specific
buyers. All buyers and vendors are provided with a list of
participating members of the network, at registration.
Periodic updates of new members may be circulated from time
to time.
In accordance with the disclosed embodiment, the
control computer 44 simply actuates the auto dialer 30 to
establish telephonic communication with buyers after which
the audio response unit 36 notifies t:he buyer. Alternatives
involve the utilization of facsimile or the like capability
or various forms of electronic mail may be incorporated for
utilization. In .any event, the select group of buyers is
notified that the presentation on a hair shampoo packaged
for women is accessible by interfacing through the telephone
interface structure 43. Responding buyers (call type ~~B~~)
are qualified as described above, then coupled to the video
file server 37 to receive the video presentation.
Thereafter, interested buyers may directly contact the
vendor, typically for further video communication. Thus,
the foundation for a transaction is completed rapidly and
. effectively with substantial communication of the goods
involved and related considerations.
Another possibility involves type °~C°° calls,
whereby a
buyer distributes a request for proposal. Again, various
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communications may be accomplished to a select group or sub-
group of vendors based on merchandise codes. To consider a
specific form of communication in accordance herewith, after
qualification, a buyer might use video communication to
notify vendors with a graphic such as one illustrated in
FIGURE 11. FIGURE 10 illustrates an'exemplary buyer request
form providing specific information of the merchandise.
Blank forms may be stored in a forms directory (e. g, menu-
driven) or the like on each buyer's terminal. Thus, when
making a request for proposals, a buyer may simply access a
blank form and enter the specific information. Essentially,
a merchandise code number "472361" is supplied, indicating
the specific product as also identified in the graphic.
After the notice has been sent to vendors, a message as
represented in FIGURE 11 may be transmitted to the buyer
from the central traffic control system TIS. Note that a
check digit may be supplied. Likewise, vendors may access
blank forms, similar to the exemplary buyer request forms,
to indicate special offerings.
Following receipt of a request for proposal, interested
vendors may submit a video presentation as described above.
Alternatively, vendors may be invited to call for an
appointment or otherwise commaanicate their proposals to
buyers. Thus, the system affords considerable flexibility
in selectively communicating product information between
buyers and sellers, using video formats.
In view of the above description, it will be apparent
that numerous operating formats, programs and layouts may be
accomplished using a wide variety of videophone equipment in
cooperation with computing and telephone apparatus. As
indicated above, the disclosed embodiments afford some
arrangements; however, the scope hereof should not so
confined, rather the scope hereof should be in accordance
with the claims as set forth below.
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