SOLID ORAL COMPOSITIONS

COMPOSITIONS ORALES SOLIDES

English Abstract

Oral formulations in the form of chewing gum comprising: a. polyphosphates; b.
hydrated silica; c. a source of fluoride ions; d. extracts or active
ingredients of vegetable origin; e. optionally antibacterial/disinfectant
agents. The compositions according to the invention are useful as adjuvants in
dental hygiene, in particular to reduce tartar deposits.

French Abstract

La présente invention concerne des préparations orales sous forme de gomme à mâcher comprenant: a) des polyphosphates; b) de la silice hydratée; c) une source d'ions de fluorure; d) des extraits ou ingrédients actifs d'origine végétale; e) éventuellement des agents antibactériens/désinfectants. Les compositions de l'invention sont utiles en tant qu'adjuvants en hygiène dentaire, notamment pour réduire les dépôts de tartre.

Claims

6
CLAIMS
1. Oral formulations in the form of chewing gums, comprising:
a. polyphosphates;
b. an abrasive agent;
c. a source of fluoride ions;
d. extracts of vegetable origin;
e. optionally antibacterial or disinfectant agents
wherein the extracts are selected from extracts of Centella asiatica, Malva
slvestris, Melaleuca alternifolia, Commiphora abyssinica (myrrh),
Krameria triandra (rhatany), Acacia catechu, Medicago sativa (alfalfa),
resins, of the genus Styrax, such as Styrax benzoin (benzoin), Matricaria
recutita (camomile), Echinacea purpurea (echinacea) and Crotori lechleri
(dragon's blood).
2. Formulations as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyphosphates are
selected from tripolyphosphates, pyrophosphates or mixtures thereof.
3. Formulations as claimed in claim 2, comprising a mixture of alkali
metal pyrophosphates and tripolyphosphates.
4. Formulations as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, further
containing excipients selected from gum base, sweeteners, polyalcohols,
flavourings, dyes, softeners, plasticisers, stabilisers and thickeners.
5. Formulations as claimed in the preceding claims, wherein the abrasive
agent is hydrated silica, calcium carbonate and talc, either individually or
in a
mixture thereof.
6. Formulations as claimed in the preceding claims containing extracts
with anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, antihemorrhagic, soothing, emollient,
decongestant and antiseptic properties.

7. Formulations as claimed in the preceding claims, containing 0.5 to 5%
by weight of polyphosphates, 0.5 to 7% by weight of an abrasive agent
(possibly wholly or partly encapsulated), a source of fluorine ions able to
guarantee a fluoride intake of 0.005 to 0.2%, and 0.01 to 2% by weight of
plant extracts.
8. Formulations as claimed in the preceding claims, comprising
disinfectant and/or antibacterial agents selected from triclosan, zinc oxide
and
zinc salts, either alone or in combination with one another, in concentrations
of between 0.1% and 5%.

Description

CA 02465700 2004-05-04
WO 03/039504 PCT/EP02/12330
SOLID ORAL COMPOSITIONS
The present invention relates to oral anti-tartar and anti-plaque
compositions, useful as adjuvants in odontostomatological hygiene.
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
The problem of dental plaque and tartar formation has long been
S studied, and agents which can be used to combat and delay such formation are
being actively researched.
The mechanisms that cause tartar deposits are well known; these
deposits are constituted by calcium phosphate crystals which precipitate in
the
extracellular matrix of bacterial plaque. The pathogenetic role of tartar in
periodontal diseases such as pyorrhoea, periodontitis, gingivitis and.
correlated
disorders is equally well known.
. Various substances have proved effective in reducing or preventing
tartar formation and deposits on the teeth, including soluble pyrophosphates
. and polyphosphates, zinc salts, fluorides, diphosphonates, antibacterial
agents
1S such as triclosan, and abrasive agents such as silica or alumina. These
substances, combined with one another in various .ways, are included in the
composition of most anti-tartar toothpastes now commercially available. The
clinical efficacy of these toothpastes has been examined in numerous studies,
reviewed in J. Clin. Dent. Vol IV(3), 71-81, 1993. .
The most common toothpastes contain soluble polyphosphates
associated with fluorides and silica, and possibly with polymers that possess
bioadhesive properties, as described, for example, in US 4327977, US
4889713, US 5017362, US 5139769, US 4921693 and EP 492997.
. Similar compositions, with the addition of antibacterial agents such as
CONFIRMATION COPY

CA 02465700 2004-05-04
WO 03/039504 PCT/EP02/12330
2
triclosan, are described, for example, in GB 2200551. In addition to
toothpastes,
chewing gums and candies with a similar composition have been developed.
The efficacy of these toothpastes, which has been the object of
numerous studies (J. Clin. Dent. Vol. X(3), 99-102, 1999; Oral Surg. Oral
Med. Oral Pathol., Vol 70(4), 529-536, 1990; J. Clin. Dent. Vol. IX(4), 101-
104, 1990, is due to inhibition of calcium phosphate precipitation by the
polyphosphates that complex the calcium ions in the saliva, to the abrasive
action of silica, to the reinforcing effect of fluorides on the tooth enamel
and
to the action of bioadhesive polymers, where used, which protects the
mucosae and causes slow release of the other ingredients.
Candies and chewing gum designed as adjuvants in dental hygiene and
oral hygiene in general, which have properties that can be described as anti-
tartar,
anti-decay, whitening and/or refreshing, are becoming increasingly popular.
The
main advantage of these forms of administration is that they can be used
freely
and conveniently during the day in any place and on any occasion, in addition
to
that fact that the release of the active elements (functional ingredients) is
slower
and more regular than in the case of an ordinary toothpaste.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to oral formulations in a solid form,
preferably in the form of chewing gum, whose efficacy is superior to that of
similar known formulations.
The compositions of the invention contain effective amounts o~
a. polyphosphates, preferably a mixture of .alkali metal
pyrophosphates and triphosphates;
b. an abrasive agent (preferably hydrated silica);
c. a source of fluoride ions;
d. extracts or active ingredients of vegetable origin;
e. optionally antibacterial or disinfectant agents.

CA 02465700 2004-05-04
WO 03/039504 PCT/EP02/12330
3
In addition to the active ingredients referred to above, the compositions
of the invention will contain excipients suitable to define the final form of
administration.
Thus, for example, a chewing gum formulation will require a suitable base
consisting of gum base, sweeteners, polyalcohols such as xylitol, sorbitol and
mannitol, flavourings, dyes, softeners, plasticisers, stabilisers, thickeners,
etc.
The polyphosphates used in the compositions may be alkali metal
pyrophosphates (diphosphates), hexametaphosphates or tripolyphosphates or
mixtures thereof. A mixture of disodium diacid diphosphate and pentasodium
or pentapotassium triphosphate is particularly preferred. It has been proved
that a toothpaste containing this mixture provides more marked reduction of
tartar than a toothpaste containing pyrophosphates not associated with
triphosphates (J. Clin. Dent. Vol. IX(4), 101-104, 1998).
Broadly, the polyphosphates amount to between 0.5 and 5% by weight
on the total composition of the invention.
The function of the abrasive agent is to increase the plaque-removing
action already possessed by ordinary chewing gum. It may be formed by
hydrated silica (in a suitable form), calcium carbonate (in a suitable form)
or
talc, either individually or in a mixture thereof. These abrasives may also be
present totally or partly, individually or combined with one another, in
encapsulated form, in particular encapsulated in calcium alginate. Chewing gum
containing microgranules of hydrated silica encapsulated in calcium alginate
has proved more effective in removing, plaque than a chewing gum with the
same formulation but without microgranules (Doc. Os 06.2001 779-781).
According to the present invention, the encapsulated microgranules may contain
dyes, flavourings, functional ingredients and herb extracts. This abrasive
agent
is usually present in percentages of between 0.5 and 7% by weight.
Suitable sources of fluoride ions include sodium fluoride, potassium

CA 02465700 2004-05-04
WO 03/039504 PCT/EP02/12330
4
fluoride, ammonium fluoride, sodium monofluoro-phosphate and other known
non-toxic salts containing fluorine, in concentrations which provide fluoride
percentages of between 0.005 and 0.2% by weight.
The vegetable extracts which may be present in the compositions of the
invention will preferably be selected from extracts of Centella asiatica,
Malva
sylvest~is, Melaleuca alte~nifolia, Commiphora abyssihica (myrrh), Krameria
triand~a (rhatany), Acacia catechu, Medicago sativa (alfalfa), resins of the
genus Sty~ax, such as Styrax benzoic (benzoin), Matrica~ia ~ecutita
(camomile), Echinacea pu~pu~ea (echinacea) and C~oto~t lechleri (dragon's
blood). Extracts of these plants, whose activity has been known for some time,
are commercially available.
The combination of these extracts gives the formulations anti-
inflammatory/decongestant, emollient, wound-healing, antiseptic and
astringent properties. These properties are desirable in at least two respects
in
the ambit of the present invention:
firstly, to assist and reinforce the reduction in diseases of the oral mucosa
caused by the reduction in tartar, and
secondly, to control and prevent contact stomatitis similar to that
manifested with the use of toothpastes, known as "toothpaste stomatitis", in
particularly predisposed persons.
In the formulations according to the invention, these extracts may be
encapsulated in alginate together with the abrasive agent.
Said extracts may be added to the formulations in percentages of
between 0.01 and 2% by weight.
The formulations of the invention can be prepared by conventional
techniques, by adding and mixing the various ingredients. to the gum base in
the case of chewing gum, which may then undergo coating operations in
accordance with equally conventional techniques.

CA 02465700 2004-05-04
WO 03/039504 PCT/EP02/12330
The formulations of the invention may include disinfectant or
antibacterial agents such as triclosan, zinc salts or zinc oxide, either alone
or
combined with one another, in concentrations of between 0.1 and 5% by
weight. These agents are designed to combat the formation of bacterial plaque,
which leads to tartar deposits.
The formulations of the invention may also include decorative crystals,
preferably consisting of gum arabic and dyes deposited on the surface of the
product with a purely aesthetic function.
Daily use of the chewing gum according to the invention reduces tartar
deposits and has other beneficial effects on the condition of the oral and
gingival mucosa.
The example below illustrates the invention in greater detail.
r, v w r .rnr ~
Coated chewing gum weighing 1.4 g with vegetable extracts.
Percentage composition (by weight )
In redient
Gum base 25.5
~ylitol 23.5
Sorbitol 23.2
Mannitol ~ 16
Flavourin 1.8
Silicon dioxide 3
Gum arabic 1
Gl cerin 1
Disodium diacid di hos hate 1
Pentasodium tri hos hate 1
Mallow, myrrh, centella, melaleuca, rhatan and 0.05
cutch extracts 0.93
Maltitol s ru
Titanium dioxide E171 0.7
uick Coat 0.6
As artame 0.6
Acesulfarne 0.05
Carnauba wax 0.05
Potassium fluoride 0.02
Total 100