Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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USING CATIONIC CELLULOSES TO ENHANCE
DELIVERY OF FABRIC CARE BENEFIT AGENTS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the use of cationic celluloses to enhance
deposition of water insoluble fabric care benefit agents such as dispersible
polyolefins
and latexes during laundering.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Laundering textiles is a necessity in order to remove stains, odors and soils.
However, during the laundering process, textiles can undergo mechanical and
chemical
damage which can result in fabric wrinkles, color fading, dye transfer,
pills/fuzz, fabric
wear, fiber deterioration, stiffness, and other undesirable consumer issues.
Therefore,
many laundry products such as detergents, fabric conditioners, and other wash,
rinse, and
dryer added products, frequently include one or more fabric care benefit
agents that are
added in an attempt to reduce or prevent these consumer issues.
However, such fabric care benefit agents often provide limited benefits due to
poor delivery efficiency on the fabrics or textiles during the laundering
process. The
affinity between these fabric care agents and fabrics/garments is typically
very limited
due to the lack of natural attractive forces between the fabric care agents
and the fabrics.
This is because most fabric care agents used in laundry products are
formulated to be
anionic or nonionic in order to avoid interaction with anionic surfactants
which might
lead to potential cleaning negatives. Since most textile fibers such as
cotton, wool, silk,
nylon, and the like carry a slightly anionic charge in the laundry solution,
there are
repulsive instead of attractive forces between the fabric care agent and the
fabric resulting
in poor delivery efficiency.
This is particularly true of water insoluble fabric care benefit agents,
examples of
which include but are not limited to, dispersible polyolefins, polymer latexes
and the like.
Due to their water insolubility, water insoluble fabric care benefit agents
are generally
incorporated into laundry product formulations in some type of water stable
form such as
an emulsion, a latex, a dispersion, a suspension, or the like. When added to
the laundry
product in a water stable form, the water insoluble fabric care benefit agent
becomes even
more stable in solution. This is due to the existence of large amounts of
surfactant that
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are present in laundry products. The surfactant in the laundry products tends
to act as an
emulsifying agent, dispersion agent, suspension agent, or the like thereby
resulting in the
further stabilization of the emulsion, dispersion, and/or suspension
containing the water
insoluble fabric care benefit agent. As a result of this stabilization, the
affinity of the
water insoluble fabric care benefit agent for the fabric is severely limited.
The majority
of the water insoluble fabric care benefit agent tends to stay in solution
wherein it is
discarded with the wash solution thereby limiting the amount of benefit agent
available
for deposition on the fabric.
Accordingly, there is a need to improve the fabric delivery efficiency of
water
insoluble fabric care benefit agents that are incorporated into laundry
products.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The laundry products of the present invention comprise at least one water
insoluble fabric care benefit agent and at least one cationic cellulose
delivery enhancing
agent or deposition aid.
Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the laundry products of
the
present invention improve the fabric delivery efficiency of water insoluble
fabric care
benefit agents that are incorporated therein by the inclusion of the cationic
cellulose
delivery agents of the present invention. It has surprisingly been found that
by using
cationic celluloses as delivery enhancing agents, the delivery of the water
insoluble fabric
care benefit agent to the fabric is significantly enhanced, which would not
otherwise be
possible.
Although the cationic celluloses may provide fabric care benefits by
themselves,
an amount of the cationic celluloses needed to deliver significant performance
benefits is
much larger than an amount of the cationic celluloses needed as a delivery
enhancing
agent. However, large amounts of cationic celluloses often have a negative
affect on
cleaning performance. The cleaning negative caused by the large amount of
cationic
celluloses will normally prohibit their application in laundry detergent
embodiments as
the benefit agents alone. Importantly however, it the level of the cationic
cellulose as the
delivery enhancing agent, the impact on cleaning is normally very limited.
It has further been surprisingly discovered that the addition of the cationic
celluloses of the present invention into laundry products may provide
significant
improvement in the delivery/deposition of the water insoluble fabric care
benefit agent on
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3
the fabric versus utilizing the water insoluble fabric care benefit agent
alone. In fact, it is
surprising to find that when a laundry detergent containing cationic
celluloses and the
fabric care benefit agent are added in the washer, delivery/deposition
enhancements of the
water insoluble fabric care benefit agent on fabric of as much as 5 to 10
times the normal
amount of benefit agent alone are observed.
It is also surprising to find that the delivery/deposition enhancements may be
accomplished by mixing the cationic cellulose and the fabric care benefit
agent together
as a laundry additive of a fabric care composite or by formulating these two
ingredients
into laundry detergent or other laundry products.
The water insoluble benefit agents useful herein include dispersible
polyolefms
and polymer latexes. The water insoluble fabric care benefit agent preferably
has a
particle size of from about 1 nm to 100 um. The present invention also
comprises a
detergent or fabric softener composition wherein the composition comprises:
a. from about 1-80 wt% of an anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric,
zwitterionic surfactant or a combination thereof;
b. from about 0.1- 10 wt% of a water insoluble benefit agent wherein said
water insoluble fabric care benefit agent is polyolefm emulsion, latex, or a
mixture thereof; and
c. from about 0.01- 2% of a cationic cellulose.
Preferably the ratio of the delivery enhancing agent to the fabric care
benefit agent
is from about 1:50 to about 1:1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the use of cationic celluloses to enhance
deposition of water insoluble fabric care benefit agents including dispersible
polyolefins
and latexes during laundering. Without being limited by theory, utilizing the
cationic
cellulose delivery enhancing agents of the present invention allows for
improved delivery
of the water insoluble fabric care benefit agent to the fabric so as to
provide enhanced
fabric softening, color protection, pill/fuzz reduction, anti-abrasion, anti-
wrinkle, and
other such benefits to garments and textiles.
The cationic cellulose, called the delivery enhancing agent, and the water
insoluble fabric care benefit agent of the present invention may be mixed
together prior to
formulating in, adding to, or using in conjunction with a laundry product
composition.
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The two components may be formulated into laundry products separated with
different
orders of addition. The two components of the present invention may also be
mixed
together in situ after addition to the laundry product composition.
Additionally, the two
components of the present invention may be applied directly to the fabric
together or
separately.
By using the delivery enhancing agent of the present invention, the deposition
of
the water insoluble fabric care benefit agent on the fabric is significantly
improved and in
some instances doubled, (i.e.; utilizing the delivery enhancing agent of the
present
invention may increase the deposition of the water insoluble fabric care
benefit agent on
the fabric by potentially about 100% or more compared with using the water
insoluble
fabric care benefit agent alone). Preferably deposition on the fabric will
increase by at
least about 200%. Since the fabric care benefit is directly related to the
amount of
deposition of the fabric care benefit agent on the fabric, the performance of
the water
insoluble fabric care benefit agent on the fabric should theoretically
increase
proportionately by potentially about 100% and preferably by at least about
200%.
The ratio of the delivery enhancing agent to the water insoluble fabric care
benefit
agent should be from about 1:50 to 1:1 and preferably from about 1:20 to 1:2.
The two
components of the present invention can be premixed to form a stable composite
prior to
formulating into a laundry product or prior to adding to the laundry process
or applying to
a fabric. The two components can also be formulated into laundry products
separately
with different orders of addition. The two components may also be mixed
together so as
to form the fabric care composite of the present invention in situ after
formulating into the
laundry product or adding to the laundry process.
All percentages, ratios and proportions herein are on a weight basis unless
otherwise indicated. All documents cited herein are hereby incorporated by
reference.
Delivery Enhancing Agents
As used herein, "delivery enhancing agent" refers to any cationic cellulose or
combination of cationic celluloses that significantly enhance the deposition
of the water
insoluble fabric care benefit agent onto the fabric during laundering. The
delivery
enhancing agent of the present invention has a strong physical binding
capability with the
water insoluble fabric care benefit agent. It also has a very strong affinity
to natural
textile fibers, such as cotton fibers.
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An effective delivery enhancing agent preferably has a strong binding
capability
with the water insoluble fabric care benefit agents via physical forces such
as van der
Waals forces or non-covalent chemical bonds such as hydrogen bonding and/or
ionic
bonding. It preferably has a very strong affinity to natural textile fibers,
particularly
cotton fibers.
The delivery enhancing agent should be water soluble and have a flexible
molecular structure so that it can cover the water insoluble fabric care
benefit agent
particle surface or hold several particles together. Therefore, the delivery
enhancing
agent is preferably not cross-linked and preferably does not have a network
structure as
these both tend to lack molecular flexibility.
In order to drive the fabric care benefit agent onto the fabric, the net
charge of the
delivery enhancing agent is preferably positive in order to overcome the
repulsion
between the fabric care benefit agent and the fabric since most fabrics are
comprised of
textile fibers that have a slightly negative charge in aqueous environments.
Examples of
fibers exhibiting a slightly negative charge in water include but are not
limited to cotton,
rayon, silk, wool, etc.
Preferably, the delivery enhancing agent is a cationic or amphoteric polymer.
The
amphoteric polymers of the present invention will also have a net cationic
charge, i.e.; the
total cationic charges on these polymers will exceed the total anionic charge.
The degree
of substitution of the cationic charge can be in the range of from about 0.01
(one cationic
charge per 100 polymer repeating units) to 1.00 (one cationic charge on every
polymer
repeating unit) and preferably from about 0.01 to 0.20. The positive charges
could be on
the backbone of the polymers or the side chains of polymers.
While there are many ways to calculate the charge density of cationic
celluloses,
the degree of substitution of the cationic charge can be simply calculated by
the cationic
charges per 100 glucose repeating units. One cationic charge per 100 glucose
repeating
units equals to 1 % charge density of the cationic celluloses.
Preferred cationic celluloses for use herein include those which may or may
not be
hydrophobically-modified, having a molecular weight of from about 50,000 to
about
2,000,000, more preferably from about 100,000 to about 1,000,000, and most
preferably
from about 200,000 to about 800,000. These cationic materials have repeating
substituted
anhydroglucose units that correspond to the general Structural Formula I as
follows:
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6
ORl
I
~2 O
O
R30 ORz
R4
STRUCTURAL FORMULA I
Wherein Rl, Rz, R3 are each independently H, CH3, Cg_24 alkyl (linear or
branched),
Rs
-~CHZCH-O~ Rx
n or mixtures thereof; wherein n is from about 1 to about 10; Rx is H,
OH R'
-CH2CHCH2-N~ R9 Z
Rg
CH3, C8_Za alkyl (linear or branched), or mixtures thereof,
wherein Z is a water soluble anion, preferably a chlorine ion and/or a bromine
ion; RS is
H, CH3, CHZCH3, or mixtures thereof; R' is CH3, CHZCH3, a phenyl group, a
Cg_Za alkyl
group (linear or branched), or mixture thereof; and
Rg and R9 are each independently CH3, CHZCH3, phenyl, or mixtures thereof:
~P~-H
R4 is H, m , or mixtures thereof wherein P is a repeat unit of an addition
polymer
CH3 CH3
Z ~N/
'g
formed by radical polymerization of a cationic monomer such as
wherein Z' is a water-soluble anion, preferably chlorine ion, bromine ion or
mixtures
thereof and q is from about 1 to about 10.
Water-soluble anions useful herein include C8-C24 alkyl sulfates, C8-C24 alkyl
alkoxy sulfates, preferably alkyl ethoxy sulfates, C8-C24 alkyl sulfonates, C8-
C16 alkyl
benzene sulfonates, xylene sulfonates, toluene sulfonates, cumene sulfonates,
fatty alkyl
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carboxylates, chlorine ions, bromine ions, or mixtures thereof, while chlorine
and/or
bromine ions are preferred.
The charge density of the cationic celluloses herein (as defined by the number
of
cationic charges per 100 glucose units) is preferably from about 0.5 % to
about 60%,
more preferably from about 1 % to about 20%, and most preferably from about 2%
to
about 10%.
Alkyl substitution on the anhydroglucose rings of the polymer ranges from
about
0.01% to 5% per glucose unit, more preferably from about 0.05% to 2% per
glucose unit,
of the polymeric material.
The cationic cellulose may lightly cross-linked with a dialdehyde such as
glyoxyl
to prevent forming lumps, nodules or other agglomerations when added to water
at
ambient temperatures.
The cationic cellulose ethers of Structural Formula I likewise include those
which
are commercially available and further include materials which can be prepared
by
conventional chemical modification of commercially available materials.
Commercially
available cellulose ethers of the Structural Formula I type include the JR
30M, JR 400, JR
125, LR 400 and LK 400 polymers, all of which are marketed by Dow Chemical.
Water Insoluble Fabric Care Benefit Agents
As used herein, "water insoluble fabric care benefit agent" refers to any
dispersible polyolefins and polymer latexes which are water insoluble and can
provide
fabric care benefits such as fabric softening, color protection, pill/fuzz
reduction, anti-
abrasion, anti-wrinkle, and the like to garments and fabrics, particularly on
cotton
garments and fabrics, when an adequate amount of the material is present on
the
garment/fabric.
Non-limiting examples of water insoluble fabric care benefit agents include
dispersible polyethylenes, polymer latexes and mixtures thereof. These can be
in the
form of emulsions, latexes, dispersions, suspensions, and the like. Preferably
they are in
the form of an emulsion or a latex. The water insoluble fabric care benefit
agent can have
a wide range of particle sizes from about 1 nm to 100 um and preferably from
about 10
nm to 10 um.
Any surfactants suitable for making polymer emulsions or emulsion
polymerizations of polymer latexes can be used to make the water insoluble
fabric care
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8
benefit agents of the present invention. Suitable surfactants consist of
emulsifiers for
polymer emulsions and latexes, dispersing agents for polymer dispersions and
suspension
agents for polymer suspensions. Suitable surfactants include anionic,
cationic, and
nonionic surfactants or mixtures thereof. Nonionic and anionic surfactants are
preferred.
The ratio of surfactant to polymer in the water insoluble fabric care benefit
agent is about
1:100 to about 1:2. Preferably, the ratio ranges from about 1:50 to 1:5.
Suitable water
insoluble fabric care benefit agents include but are not limited to the
examples described
below.
Dispersible Polyolefins
All dispersible polyolefms that provide fabric care benefits can be used as
the
water insoluble fabric care benefit agents according to the present invention.
The
polyolefins can be in the form of waxes, emulsions, dispersions or
suspensions. Non-
limiting examples are discussed below.
Preferably, the polyolefin is a polyethylene, polypropylene, or a mixture
thereof.
The polyolefm may be at least partially modified to contain various functional
groups,
such as carboxyl, alkylamide, sulfonic acid or amide groups. More preferably,
the
polyolefin employed in the present invention is at least partially carboxyl
modified or, in
other words, oxidized. In particular, oxidized or carboxyl modified
polyethylene is
preferred in the compositions of the present invention.
For ease of formulation, the dispersible polyolefin is preferably introduced
as a
suspension or an emulsion of polyolefm dispersed by use of an emulsifying
agent. The
polyolefin suspension or emulsion preferably comprises from about 1% to about
60%,
more preferably from about 10% to about 55%, and most preferably from about 20
to
about SO% by weight of polyolefm. The polyolefin preferably has a wax dropping
point
(see ASTM D3954- 94, volume 15.04 --- "Standard Test Method for Dropping Point
of
Waxes", the method incorporated herein by reference) from about 20 to
170°C and more
preferably from about 50 to 140°C. Suitable polyethylene waxes are
available
commercially from suppliers including but not limited to Honeywell (A-C
polyethylene),
Clariant (Velustrol emulsion), and BASF (LUWAX).
When an emulsion is employed, the emulsifier may be any suitable
emulsification
agent including anionic, cationic, or nonionic surfactants, or mixtures
thereof. Almost
any suitable surfactant may be employed as the emulsifier of the present
invention. The
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dispersible polyolefin is dispersed by use of an emulsifier or suspending
agent in a ratio
1:100 to about 1:2. Preferably, the ratio ranges from about 1:50 to 1:5.
Polymer Latexes
Polymer latex is typically made by an emulsion polymerization process which
includes one or more monomers, one or more emulsifiers, an initiator, and
other
components familiar to those of ordinary skill in the art. All polymer latexes
that provide
fabric care benefits can be used as water insoluble fabric care benefit agents
of the present
invention. Non-limiting examples of suitable polymer latexes include those
disclosed in
WO 02/018451 published in the name of Rhodia Chimie. Additional non-limiting
examples include the monomers used in producing polymer latexes such as:
1) 100% or pure butylacrylate
2) Butylacrylate and butadiene mixtures with at least 20% (weight monomer
ratio) of butylacrylate
3) Butylacrylate and less than 20% (weight monomer ratio) of other monomers
excluding butadiene
4) Alkylacrylate with an alkyl carbon chain at or greater than C6
5) Alkylacrylate with an alkyl carbon chain at or greater than C6 and less
than
50% (weight monomer ratio) of other monomers
6) A third monomer (less than 20% weight monomer ratio) added into monomer
systems from 1) to S)
Polymer latexes that are suitable fabric care benefit agents in the present
invention
include those having a glass transition temperature of from about -
120°C to about 120°C
and preferably from about -80°C to about 60°C. Suitable
emulsifiers include anionic,
cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants. Suitable initiators include all
initiators that
are suitable for emulsion polymerization of polymer latexes. The particle size
of the
polymer latexes can be from about 1 nm to about 10 pm and is preferably from
about 10
nm to about 1 pm.
Laundry Products
A non-limiting list of optional components of the present invention includes
laundry detergents, fabric conditioners, and other wash, rinse, and dryer
added products.
The laundry products may comprise from about 0.1 % to about 20% of the water
insoluble
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fabric care benefit agent, preferably from about 0.2% to about 10%. The
laundry
products may also comprise from about 0.01% to about 5% of the delivery
enhancing
agent, preferably from about 0.02% to about 2%. Conventional components of
fabric
conditioners include but are not limited to surfactants and the like.
Conventional
components of detergent compositions include but are not limited to
surfactants, bleaches
and bleach activators, enzymes and enzyme stabilizing agents, suds boosters or
suds
suppressers, anti-tarnish and anticorrosion agents, non-builder alkalinity
sources,
chelating agents, organic and inorganic fillers, solvents, hydrotropes,
optical brighteners,
dyes, perfumes, and modified cellulose ether fabric treatment agents. The
fabric care
benefit agents or delivery enhancing agent of the present invention may be a
component
of or added to a detergent composition or a fabric conditioner. The detergent
composition may be in the form of a granule, liquid, or tablet. Detergent
compositions of
the present invention may be made in accordance with U.S. Patent Nos.
6,274,540 and
6,306,817 and WIPO Publication Nos. WO 01/16237 published March 8, 2001 and WO
01/16263 published on March 8, 2001.
I. Surfactant
The laundry products of the present invention may comprise from about 1% to
80% by weight of a surfactant. Preferably such compositions comprise from
about 5% to
50% by weight of surfactant. Detersive surfactants utilized can be of the
anionic,
nonionic, zwitterionic, ampholytic or cationic type or can comprise compatible
mixtures
of these types. Detergent surfactants useful herein are described in U.S.
Patent 3,664,961,
Norris, issued May 23, 1972, U.S. Patent 3,919,678, Laughlin et al., issued
December 30,
1975, U.S. Patent 4,222,905, Cockrell, issued September 16, 1980, and in U.S.
Patent
4,239,659, Murphy, issued December 16, 1980. Anionic and nonionic surfactants
are
preferred.
Useful anionic surfactants can themselves be of several different types. For
example, water-soluble salts of the higher fatty acids, i.e., "soaps", are
useful anionic
surfactants in the compositions herein. This includes alkali metal soaps such
as the
sodium, potassium, ammonium, and alkylolammonium salts of higher fatty acids
containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and preferably from about 12
to about
18 carbon atoms. Soaps can be made by direct saponification of fats and oils
or by the
neutralization of free fatty acids. Particularly useful are the sodium and
potassium salts
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of the mixtures of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and tallow, i.e.,
sodium or
potassium tallow and coconut soap.
Additional non-soap anionic surfactants which are suitable for use herein
include
the water-soluble salts, preferably the alkali metal, and ammonium salts, of
organic
sulfuric reaction products having in their molecular structure an alkyl group
containing
from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms and a sulfonic acid or sulfuric acid
ester group.
(Included in the term "alkyl" is the alkyl portion of acyl groups.) Examples
of this group
of synthetic surfactants are a) the sodium, potassium and ammonium alkyl
sulfates,
especially those obtained by sulfating the higher alcohols (Cg-Clg carbon
atoms) such as
those produced by reducing the glycerides of tallow or coconut oil; b) the
sodium,
potassium and ammonium alkyl polyethoxylate sulfates, particularly those in
which the
alkyl group contains from 10 to 22, preferably from 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and
wherein
the polyethoxylate chain contains from 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 6 ethoxylate
moieties; and
c) the sodium and potassium alkylbenzene sulfonates in which the alkyl group
contains
from about 9 to about 15 carbon atoms, in straight chain or branched chain
configuration,
e.g., those of the type described in U.S. Patents 2,220,099 and 2,477,383.
Especially
valuable are linear straight chain alkylbenzene sulfonates in which the
average number of
carbon atoms in the alkyl group is from about 11 to 13, abbreviated as C11-13
LAS.
Preferred nonionic surfactants are those of the formula Rl (OC2H4)nOH, wherein
Rl is a C10-C16 alkyl group or a Cg-C12 alkyl phenyl group, and n is from 3 to
about
80. Particularly preferred are condensation products of C12-C15 alcohols with
from
about 5 to about 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, e.g., C12-C13
alcohol
condensed with about 6.5 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
Additional suitable nonionic surfactants include polyhydroxy fatty acid amides
of
the formula:
R-C-N-Z
wherein R is a C9_17 alkyl or alkenyl, R1 is a methyl group and Z is glycidyl
derived
from a reduced sugar or alkoxylated derivative thereof. Examples are N-methyl
N-1-
deoxyglucityl cocoamide and N-methyl N-1-deoxyglucityl oleamide. Processes for
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making polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known and can be found in Wilson,
U.S.
Patent 2,965,576 and Schwartz, U.S. Patent 2,703,798, the disclosures of which
are
incorporated herein by reference.
II. Builder
The compositions may also comprise from about 0.1% to 80% by weight of a
builder. Preferably such compositions in liquid form will comprise from about
1 % to
10% by weight of the builder component. Preferably such compositions in
granular form
will comprise from about 1% to 50% by weight of the builder component.
Detergent
builders are well known in the art and can comprise, for example, phosphate
salts as well
as various organic and inorganic nonphosphorus builders.
Water-soluble, nonphosphorus organic builders useful herein include the
various
alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium polyacetates, carboxylates,
polycarboxylates and polyhydroxy sulfonates. Examples of polyacetate and
polycarboxylate builders are the sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium and
substituted
ammonium salts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid,
oxydisuccinic
acid, mellitic acid, benzene polycarboxylic acids, and citric acid. Other
suitable
polycarboxylates for use herein are the polyacetal carboxylates described in
U.S. Patent
4,144,226, issued March 13, 1979 to Crutchfield et al, and U.S. Patent
4,246,495, issued
March 27, 1979 to Crutchfield et al, both of which are incorporated herein by
reference.
Particularly preferred polycarboxylate builders are the oxydisuccinates and
the ether
carboxylate builder compositions comprising a combination of tartrate
monosuccinate
and tartrate disuccinate described in U.S. Patent 4,663,071, Bush et al.,
issued May 5,
1987, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Examples of suitable nonphosphorus, inorganic builders include the silicates,
aluminosilicates, borates and carbonates. Particularly preferred are sodium
and potassium
carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate, tetraborate decahydrate, and
silicates having a
weight ratio of Si02 to alkali metal oxide of from about 0.5 to about 4.0,
preferably from
about 1.0 to about 2.4. Also preferred are aluminosilicates including
zeolites. Such
materials and their use as detergent builders are more fully discussed in
Corkill et al, U.
S. Patent No. 4,605,509, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by
reference.
Also, crystalline layered silicates such as those discussed in Corkill et al,
U. S. Patent No.
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4,605,509, incorporated herein by reference, are suitable for use in the
detergent
compositions of this invention.
III. Preferred Enzymes
The laundry products of the present invention may also comprise an enzyme that
is a amylase, lipase, selected protease enzyme, or mixtures thereof. Enzymes
are
normally incorporated into detergent compositions at levels sufficient to
provide a
"cleaning-effective amount". The term "cleaning-effective amount" refers to
any amount
capable of producing a cleaning, stain removal, soil removal, whitening,
deodorizing, or
freshness improving effect on substrates such as fabrics. Preferably, the
laundry product
compositions of the present invention may contain up to about 5 mg by weight,
more
typically from about 0.01 mg to about 3 mg, of active enzyme per gram of the
detergent
composition. Stated otherwise, the compositions herein will typically comprise
from
about 0.001 % to about 5%, preferably from about 0.01 % to about 1 % by weight
of the
composition, of a commercial enzyme preparation. Protease enzymes are
preferably
present in such commercial preparations at levels sufficient to provide from
0.005 to 0.1
Anson units (AU) of activity per gram of composition. Higher active levels may
be
desirable in highly concentrated detergent formulations.
Selected proteases which are useful herein include the subtilisins which are
obtained
from particular strains of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis. A preferred
protease is
obtained from a strain of Bacillus, having maximum activity throughout the pH
range of
8-12, developed and sold as ESPERASE~ by Novo Industries A/S of Denmark,
hereinafter "Novo". The preparation of this enzyme and analogous enzymes is
described
in GB 1,243,784 to Novo. Other suitable proteases include ALCALASE~ and
SAVINASE~ from Novo and MAXATASE~ from International Bio-Synthetics, Inc.,
The Netherlands. When desired, a protease having decreased adsorption and
increased
hydrolysis may be included in the compositions herein, as described in WO
9507791 to
Procter & Gamble. Another recombinant trypsin-like protease for detergents
suitable
herein is described in WO 9425583 to Novo.
Any known amylase may be included in the compositions of the present
invention.
Suitable lipase enzymes for use herein include those produced by
microorganisms
of the Pseudomonas group, such as Pseudomonas stutzeri ATCC 19.154, as
disclosed in
GB 1,372,034. See also lipases in Japanese Patent Application 53,20487, laid
open Feb.
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14
24, 1978. This lipase is available from Amano Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nagoya,
Japan,
under the trade name Lipase P "Amano," or "Amano-P." Other suitable commercial
lipases include Amano-CES, lipases ex Chromobacter viscosum, e.g. Chromobacter
viscosum var. lipolyticum NRRLB 3673 from Toyo Jozo Co., Tagata, Japan;
Chromobacter viscosum lipases from U.S. Biochemical Corp., U.S.A. and Disoynth
Co.,
The Netherlands, and lipases ex Pseudomonas gladioli. LIPOLASE~ enzyme derived
from Humicola lanuginosa and commercially available from Novo, see also EP
341,947,
is a preferred lipase for use herein.
When the compositions of the present invention contain a compatible enzyme,
the
compositions preferably also contain an effective enzyme stabilizing system.
The
enzyme-containing compositions herein may therefore optionally also comprise
from
about 0.001% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.005% to about 8%, most
preferably
from about 0.01 % to about 6%, by weight of an enzyme stabilizing system. The
enzyme
stabilizing system can be any stabilizing system which is compatible with the
enzymes
useful herein. Such a system may be inherently provided by other formulation
actives, or
be added separately, e.g., by the formulator or by a manufacturer of enzymes.
Such
stabilizing systems can, for example, comprise calcium ion, boric acid,
propylene glycol,
short chain carboxylic acids, boronic acids, or mixtures thereof, and are
designed to
address different stabilization problems depending on the type and physical
form of the
detergent composition. '
Liguid Laundry Detergents
Preferably, the laundry product compositions herein are formulated as liquid
laundry detergents. The liquid laundry detergent compositions preferably
comprise from
about 3% to about 98%, preferably from about 15% to about 95%, by weight of
the liquid
detergent composition, of an aqueous liquid Garner which is preferably water.
Preferably,
the liquid laundry compositions according to the present invention should
provide a wash
solution pH from about 6 to about 10, more preferably from about 7 to about 9,
in order to
maintain a preferred stain removal performance by the liquid laundry products
according
to the present invention. If needed, the cleaning compositions may contain
alkalinizing
agents, pH control agents and/or buffering agents.
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The density of the laundry detergent compositions herein preferably ranges
from
about 400 to about 1200 g/litre, more preferably from about 500 to about 1100
g/litre of
composition measured at 20°C.
EXAMPLES
The following example laundry product formulations may be made by traditional
methods and means as known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
EXAMPLES 1 and 2
Liquid Detergent
Ingredient Example 1 Exam le 2
Wt % Wt
C12-l5al 1 0l ethox late 12.31 12.31
sulfate
Linear al lbenzene sulfonate5.39 5.39
Ethanol 3.44 3.44
Monoethanolamine 1.49 1.49
Pro andiol 6.61 6.61
C12-l3Alkyl olyethox late 2.18 2.18
(9)
C12-14 alkyl dimethylamine 0.73 0.73
N-oxide
C 12-14 fat acid 1.98 1.98
Citric acid 3.96 3.96
Borax 1.50 1.50
Sodium h droxide (to H 8.0 5.00 5.00
Cationic Cellulose* 0.10 0.20
Polyethylene Wax emulsion** 1.50 (based 1.50 (based
on wax on wax
content of emulsion)content of emulsion)
Water, perfume, enzymes, ~ to 100% to 100%
suds suppressor,
brightener, additional deposition
aid & other
o tional ingredients
* Supplied by Dow Chemicals.
** Using oxidized Polyethylene wax (ME68725 obtained from Michelman
Incorporated
of Cincinnati, Ohio) having an acid number of 14-17 KOH mg/g, a wax dropping
point of
101 °C, emulsified with a nonionic emulsifier, the emulsified
polyethylene wax having a
mean particle size diameter of 40 nm.
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EXAMPLES 3 and 4
Powder Detergent
Ingredient Example 3 Exam le 4
Wt% Wt%
C12 linear alkylbenzene sulfonate3.44 3.44
C16-17 meth 1 branched al 9.41 9.41
1 sulfate
C14-15 alkyl sulfate 4.04 4.04
AlSi1 37.37 37.37
NazC03 22.34 22.34
PEG 2.53 2.53
DTPA 0.72 0.72
NaPAA 1.03 1.03
Perborate 2.5 6 2.5 6
Nonano loxybenzenesulfonate 1.92 1.92
Modified cellulose 1.54 1.54
Cationic Cellulose* 0.15 0.20
Polyethylene emulsion 2** 1.50 (based 2.50 (based
on wax on wax
content of emulsioncontent of
emulsion)
Water, perfume, enzymes, sudsto 100% to 100%
suppressor,
brightener, additional deposition
aid & other
optional ingredients
* Supplied by Dow Chemicals
** Using oxidized Polyethylene wax (ME68725 obtained from Michelman
Incorporated
of Cincinnati, Ohio) having an acid number of 14-17 KOH mg/g, a wax dropping
point of
101 °C, emulsified with a nonionic emulsifier, the emulsified
polyethylene wax having a
mean particle size diameter of 40 nm.
EXAMPLES 5 and 6
Fabric Conditioners
Ingredient Example 5 Example 6
Wt % Wt
Di-(tallowyl-oxy-ethyl) 18.0 24.0
dimethyl
ammonium chloride.
NH4Cl 0.2 0.2
Cationic Cellulose* 0.2 0.3
Polyethylene emulsion 2** 3.0 2.0
Water, perfume and minors To 100% To 100%
* Supplied by Dow Chemicals
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** Using oxidized Polyethylene wax (ME68725 obtained from Michelman
Incorporated
of Cincinnati, Ohio) having an acid number of 14-17 KOH mg/g, a wax dropping
point of
101 °C, emulsified with a nonionic emulsifier, the emulsified
polyethylene wax having a
mean particle size diameter of 40 nm.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated
and
described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other
changes and
modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention.
It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and
modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
