Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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POLYSILSESQUIOXANE CONTAINING
POLYMERIC COMPOSITIONS
Field of the Invention:
The present invention relates to polymeric compositions useful in the
manufacture of biocompatible medical devices. More particularly, the present
invention relates to the use of reactive polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes
with
definite structures as reinforcing agents for silicone compositions having
desirable physical characteristics and refractive indices for use in the
manufacture of ophthalmic implants.
Background of the Invention:
Since the 1940's optical devices in the form of intraocular lens (IOL)
implants have been utilized as replacements for diseased or damaged natural
ocular lenses. In most cases, an intraocular lens is implanted within an eye
at
the time of surgically removing the diseased or damaged natural lens, such as
for
example, in the case of cataracts. For decades, the preferred material for
fabricating such intraocular lens implants was poly(methyl methacrylate),
which is
a rigid, glassy polymer.
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Softer, more flexible IOL implants have gained in popularity in more recent
years due to their ability to be compressed, folded, rolled or otherwise
deformed.
Such softer IOL implants may be deformed prior to insertion thereof through an
incision in the cornea of an eye. Following insertion of the IOL in an eye,
the IOL
returns to its original pre-deformed shape due to the memory characteristics
of
the soft material. Softer, more flexible IOL implants as just described may be
implanted into an eye through an incision that is much smaller, i.e., less
than 4.0
mm, than that necessary for more rigid IOLs, i.e., 5.5 to 7.0 mm. A larger
incision is necessary for more rigid IOL implants because the lens must be
inserted through an incision in the cornea slightly larger than the diameter
of the
inflexible IOL optic portion. Accordingly, more rigid IOL implants have become
less popular in the market since larger incisions have been found to be
associated with an increased incidence of postoperative complications, such as
induced astigmatism.
With recent advances in small-incision cataract surgery, increased
emphasis has been placed on developing soft, foldable materials suitable for
use
in artificial IOL implants. In general, the materials of current commercial
IOLs fall
into one of three categories: silicones, hydrophilic acrylics and hydrophobic
acrylics.
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In general, high water content hydrophilic acrylics, or "hydrogels," have
relatively low refractive indices, making them less desirable than other
materials
with respect to minimal incision size. Low refractive index materials require
a
thicker IOL optic portion to achieve a given refractive power. Silicone
elastomers
are usually fabricated from the hydrosilation of a vinyl-containing
polysiloxane
and a hydrosilane-containing polysiloxane. Elastomers so produced are rather
weak mechanically, unless a reinforcing agent, typically a silica, is included
in the
formulation. Silicone elastomers that include such a reinforcing agent are
currently used and commercially available through such products as the
SiIsoftTM
contact lens (Bausch & Lomb Incorporated, Rochester, New York) and the
ChiroflexT"" intraocular lens (Bausch & Lomb Incorporated, Rochester, New
York). Low glass transition temperature hydrophobic acrylic materials are
desirable because they typically have a high refractive index and unfold more
slowly and more controllably than silicone materials. Unfortunately, low glass
transition temperature hydrophobic acrylic materials, which contain little or
no
water initially, may absorb pockets of water in vivo causing light reflections
or
"glistenings." Furthermore, it may be difficult to achieve ideal folding and
unfolding characteristics due to the temperature sensitivity of some acrylic
polymers.
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Because of the noted shortcomings or difficulties associated with current
polymeric materials available for use in the manufacture of ophthalmic
devices,
there is a need for stable, biocompatible polymeric materials having desirable
physical characteristics and refractive indices.
Summary of the Invention:
Soft, foldable, high elongation, polymeric compositions of the present
invention are synthesized through hydrosilation, epoxy reaction, urethane/urea
formation, free radical copolymerization or other types of reactions.
Production
processes of the present invention using reactive polyhedral oligomeric
silsesquioxanes (POSS) with definite structures as reinforcing agents, produce
polymeric compositions having desirable physical properties for use in the
manufacture of ophthalmic devices. The polymeric compositions of the present
invention are transparent and have relatively high strength for durability
during
surgical manipulation, relatively high elongation and relatively high
refractive
index. The subject polymeric compositions are particularly well suited for use
in
the manufacture of ophthalmic devices such as intraocular lens (IOL) implants,
keratoprostheses, corneal rings, corneal inlays and the like.
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Preferred reactive polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes for use as a
reinforcing agent in the production of the polymeric compositions of present
invention have a structure generally represented by Formula 1 below:
R R
Si O Si
R O O R
o ,~'
si ~ o si
0 0
I
0 0
R Si ~ O Si . R
O O
Si ~ O Si
R R
Formula 1
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wherein the R groups may be the same or different with at least one of the R
groups being a reactive group, R reactive groups may be the same or different
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, amine,
chlorine,
epoxide, isocyanate, methacrylate, acrylate, methacrylamine, acrylamide,
nitrite,
norbornenyl, vinyl, styrenyl and thiol; R nonreactive groups may be the same
or
different selected from the group consisting of C~_3o alkyl and C6_3o aryl.
As illustrated by the structure of Formula 1, all eight silicone atoms
together form a cubic cage or a "T8" structure. T8 is used to describe the
subject structure wherein the "T" refers to three oxygen atoms connecting to
each silicon atom and "8" refers to eight silicone atoms forming a cage. If
one
silicone atom is removed from the T8 structure to leave an "open position",
the
open position of the remaining T7 structure is replaced with an R group as
defined above.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide transparent,
biocompatible polymeric compositions having desirable physical characteristics
and relatively high refractive indices.
Another object of the present invention is to provide polymeric
compositions having relatively high elasticity and good clarity.
Another object of the present invention is to provide polymeric
compositions suitable for use in the manufacture of ophthalmic devices.
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Another object of the present invention is to provide polymeric
compositions suitable for use in the manufacture of intraocular lens implants.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide polymeric
compositions that are economical to produce.
These and other objectives and advantages of the present invention,
some of which are specifically described and others that are not, will become
apparent from the detailed description and claims that follow.
Detailed Description of the Invention:
Silicone elastomers are usually fabricated from the hydrosilation of a vinyl-
containing polysiloxane and a hydrosilane-containing polysiloxane. Elastomers
so produced are rather weak mechanically, unless a reinforcing agent,
typically a
silica, is included in the formulation. Accordingly, the present invention
relates to
the use of reactive polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) with definite
structures as reinforcing agents for silicone elastomers. Each POSS molecule
has at least one reactive group. The POSS of the present invention are useful
as
reinforcing agents in polymeric compositions suitable for use in the
manufacture
of ophthalmic devices such as but not limited to intraocular lenses, corneal
inlays
and corneal rings. The preferred reactive
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POSS molecules of the present invention are represented generally by Formula
1 below:
R R
a
si o si
R O O R
Si O Si
O O
O O
R - Si O Si R
O
Si O Si
R R
Formula 1
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wherein the R groups may be the same or different with at least one of the R
groups being a reactive group, R reactive groups may be the same or different
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, amine,
chlorine,
epoxide, isocyanate, methacrylate, acrylate, methacrylamine, acrylamide,
nitrite,
norbornenyl, vinyl, styrenyl and thiol; R nonreactive groups may be the same
or
different selected from the group consisting of C~_3o alkyl and C6_3o aryl.
The subject POSSes with definite structures are reliably reprodicible,
which differs significantly from the indefinite structures of silicone resin.
Examples of suitable POSSes with definite structures of the present invention
include but are not limited to the following molecules, most of which are T8
structures with one to eight reactive sites or T7 structures with three
reactive
sites.
OH-containing: An OH-containing POSS for example, but not to be
limited thereto, is octahydroxypropyldimethylsilyl-POSS.
Alkoxy-containing: Alkoxy-containing POSSes include for example but
are not limited to diethoxymethylsilylethyl-cyclohexyl-POSS,
diethoxymethylsilylethyl-isobutyl-POSS, diethoxymethylsilylpropyl-cyclohexyl-
POSS, diethoxymethylsilylpropyl-isobutyl-POSS, ethoxydimethylsilylethyl-
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cyclohexyl-POSS, ethoxydimethylsilylethyl-isobutyl-POSS,
ethoxydimethylsilylpropyl-cyclohexyl-POSS, ethoxydimethylsilylpropyl-isobutyl-
POSS, diethoxymethylsilylethyl- cyclohexyl-POSS, triethoxysilylethyl-isobutyl-
POSS, triethoxysilylpropyl-cyclohexyl-POSS and triethoxylsilylpropyl-isobutyl-
POSS, with ethoxydimethylsilylethyl-isobutyl-POSS and
ethoxydimethylsilylpropyl- isobutyl-POSS as the preferred.
Amine-containing: Amine-containing POSSes include for example but
are not limited to aminopropyl cyclohexyl-POSS, aminopropyl isobutyl-POSS,
aminopropyl isooctyl-POSE and octaaminophenyl POSS, with aminopropyl
isobutyl-POSS as the preferred.
Chlorosilane-containing: Chlorosilane-containing POSSes include for
example but are not limited to monochlorocyclohexyl-POSS,
monochlorocyclopentyl-POSS, monochloroisobutyl-POSS,
chlorodimethylsilylethyl isobutyl-POSS, chlorodimethylsilylpropyl isobutyl-
POSS, chlorodimethylsilylpropyl cyclohexyl-POSS, dichloromethylsilylethyl
isobutyl-POSS, dichloromethylsilylpropyl isobutyl-POSS,
dichloromethylsilylpropyl cyclohexyl-POSS, trichlorosilylethyl isobutyl-POSS,
trichlorosilylpropyl isobutyl-POSS, trichlorosilylpropyl cyclohexyl-POSS and
octa(chlorodimethysilylethyl)-POSS with chlorodimethylsilylpropyl isobutyl-
POSS as the preferred.
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Epoxide-containing: Epoxide-containing POSSes include for example
but are not limited to epoxypropyl isobutyl-POSS, epoxypropyl cyclopentyl-
POSS, glycidyl cyclohexyl-POSS, giycidyl isobutyl-POSS, glycidyl isooctyl-
POSS, glycidyi phenyl-POSS, octaepoxycyclohexyldimethylsilyl-POSS,
octaglycidyldimethylsilyl-POSS, triglycidyl cyclohexyl-POSS, triglycidyl
cyclopentyl-POSS, triglycidyl isobutyl-POSS and triglycidyl ethyl-POSS, with
epoxypropyl isobutyl-POSS, glycidyl isobutyl-POSS, and triglycidyl isobutyl-
POSS as preferred.
Isocyanate-containing: Isocyanate-containing POSSes include for
example but are not limited to isocyanatopropyldimethylsiloxy cyclohexyl -POSS
and isocyanatopropyldimethylsiloxy isobutyl -POSS with
isocyanatopropyldimethylsiloxy isobutyl -POSS as the preferred.
Acrylate/methacrylate -containing : Acrylate/methacrylate-containing
POSSes include for example but are not limited to acry(oxypropyl cyclohexyl-
POSS, acryloxypropyl cyclopentyl-POSS, acryloxypropyl isobutyl-POSS,
methacryloxypropyl cyclohexyl-POSS, methacryloxypropyl cyclopentyl-POSS,
methacryloxypropyl isobutyl-POSS, methacryloxypropyl ethyl-POSS,
methacryloxypropyl isooctyl-POSS, methacryloxypropyl phenyl-POSS, octa-
methacryloxypropyl -POSS, methacryloxypropyldimethylsilyl cyclopentyl-POSS
and methacryloxypropyl-dimethylsilyl cyclopentyl-POSS with acryloxypropyl
isobutyl-POSS, methacryloxypropyl isobutyl-POSS and methacryloxypropy(-
dimethylsilyl cyclopentyl-POSS as the preferred.
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Acrylamide/methacrylamide-containing: Acrylamide/methacrylamide-
containing POSSes include for example but are not limited to acrylamidopropyl
cyclohexyl-POSS, acrylamidopropyl cyclopentyl-POSS, acrylamidopropyl
cyclohexyl-POSS, methacrylamidopropyl cyclohexyl-POSS,
methacrylamidopropyl cyclopentyl-POSS, methacrylamidopropyl cyclohexyl-
POSS, with acrylamidopropyl cyclohexyl-POSS as the preferred.
Nitrite-containing: Nitrite-containing POSSes include for example but
are not limited to cyanopropyl cyclohexyl-POSS, cyanopropyl cyclopentyl-
POSS, cyanopropyl isobutyl-POSS, cyanoethyl cyclohexyl-POSS, cyanoethyl
cyclopentyl-POSS and cyanoethyl isobutyl-POSS with cyanopropyl isobutyl-
POSS and cyanoethyl isobutyl-POSS as preferred.
Noebornenyl- containing: Noebornenyl-containing POSSes include for
example but are not limited to norbornenylethyl cyclohexyl-POSS,
norbornenylethyl cyclopentyl-POSS, norbornenylethyl isobutyl-POSS,
trisnorbornenylethyldimethylsilyl cyclopentyl-POSS,
trisnorbornenylethyldimethylsilyl cyclohexyl- POSS and
trisnorbornenylethyldimethylsilyl isobutyl-POSS with norbornenylethyl isobutyl-
POSS and trisnorbornenylethyldimethylsilyl isobutyl-POSS as the preferred.
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Vinyl-containing: Vinyl-containing POSSes include for example but are
not limited to ally) cyclohexyl-POSS, allyl cyclopentyl-POSS, allyl butyl-
POSS,
allyldimethylsilylcyclopentyl-POSS, cyclohexenylethyl cyclopentyl-POSS,
vinyldimethylsilyl cyclopentyl-POSS, vinyldiphenylsilyl cyclopentyl-POSS,
vinyl
cyclopentyl-POSS, vinyl cyclohexyl-POSS, vinyl isobutyl-POSS, tris-
vinyldimethyl cyclohexyl-POSS, tris-vinyldimethyl cyclopentyl-POSS, tris-
vinyldimethyl isobutyl-POSS and octavinyldimethyl-POSS with allyl butyl-
POSS, vinyl isobutyl-POSS and octavinyldimethylsilyl-POSS as preferred.
Hydrogen-containing: Hydrogen-containing POSSes include for
example but are not limited to dimethylhydrosilyl cyclohexyl-POSS,
dimethylhydrosilyl cyclopentyl-POSS, dirnethylhydrosilyl isobutyl-POSS,
monohydro cyclohexyl-POSS, monohydro isobutyl-POSS,
octadimethylhydrosilyl-POSS, trisdimethylhydrosilyl cyclohexyl-POSS and
trisdimethylhydrosilyl isobutyl-POSS with dimethylhydrosilyl isobutyl-POSS,
monohydro isobutyl-POSS and trisdimethylhydrosilyl isobutyl-POSS as the
p refe rred .
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Thiol-containing: Thiol-containing POSSes include for example but are
not limited to mercaptopropyl cyclohexyl-POSS, mercaptopropyl cyclopentyl-
POSS and mercaptopropyl isobutyl-POSS.
Silanol-containing: Silanol-containing POSSes include for example but
are not limited to monohydroxy cyclohexyl-POSS, monohydroxy cyclopentyl-
POSS, monohydroxy isobutyl-POSS, trishydroxy cyclohexyl-POSS, trishydroxy
cyclopentyl-POSS, trishydroxy isobutyl-POSS, trishydroxy isooctyl-POSS,
trishydroxy ethyl-POSS and trishydroxy phenyl-POSS with monohydroxy
isobutyl-POSS, trishydroxy isobutyl-POSS and trishydroxy isooctyl-POSS as the
preferred.
Styrene-containing: Styrene-containing POSSes include for example but
are not limited to p-Styryl cyclohexyl-POSS, p-styryl cyclopentyl-POSS and p-
styryl isobutyl-POSS.
Some reactive POSSes having multiple reactive sites have different
reactive groups that are not reactive toward each other. Such POSSes are also
useful as reinforcing agents in accordance with the present invention. Some
examples of such POSSes are norborenylethyldimethylsilyldihydroxy isobutyl-
POSS and methacryloxypropylsilylihydroxy isobutyl-POSS.
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Polysilsesquioxanes reinforcing agents of the present invention may be
incorporated into known polymeric compositions, especially silicone-containing
formulations useful in the manufacture of intraocular lenses. The method of
incorporation can be different depending on the reactive groups of the POSS.
Also, the polymer composition to be reinforced with POSSes should have
functional groups reactive with one or more reactive groups of the POSS. For
POSSes having Si - H or vinyl groups, the POSSes are incorporated into the
polymeric composition through a hydrosilation reaction between the POSS and
other components with Si-vinyl or Si-H groups in the formulation as set forth
in
Scheme 1 below. In Scheme 1 below, "silicone" means siloxane moieties in a
formulation of interest, and the vinyl group can be an ethylenically
unsaturated
group such as vinyl, allyl, norbornenyl, fumarate, meleate, acrylate,
methacrylate,
acrylamide, methacrylamide or styrenyl. Also in Scheme 1 below, "R" represents
an nonreactive connecting spacer between the Si atom and the reactive vinyl
group.
POSS-Si-H + H2C=CH-Si-(Silicone) -~ POSS-Si-CH2-CH2-Si-(Silicone)
POSS-Si-R-CH=CH2 + H-Si-(Silicone) -3 POSS-Si-R-CH2-CH2-Si-(Silicone)
Scheme 1
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For POSSes having acrylic andlor styrene groups attached to Si, the
polysilsesquioxanes are incorporated into the polymeric composition through a
typical free radical copolymerization reaction.
For POSSes having alcohol, amine, thiol, epoxy and isocyanate groups
attached to Si, the POSSes are incorporated into the polymeric composition
through the typical epoxy or urethane resin reactions as set forth in Scheme 2
below wherein "silicone" means siloxane moieties in a formulation of interest,
"Y"
can be O, S or NH and "M" is an epoxy group or an isocyanate group.
POSS-Si-Y-H + M-Si-(Silicone) -~ POSS-Si-Y-MH-Si-(Silicone)
POSS-Si-M + H-Y-Si-(Silicone) ~ POSS-Si-MH-Y-Si-(Silicone)
Scheme 2
POSSes having acid or acid chloride groups can be incorporated into a
formulation of interest through an ester/amide synthesis reaction with a
molecule
having OH, SH or NH groups.
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Silicone containing formulations reinforced with the reactive POSSes of
the present invention, including reactive polysiloxanes with reactive groups
capable of reacting with the reactive grou ps of the POSSes of the present
invention, may include for example but are not limited to polysiloxane-based
prepolymers with polymerizable groups such as acrylate, methacrylate,
acrylamide, methacrylamide, fumarate, meleate, norbornenyl and styrene
groups, and polysiloxanes with multiple reactive groups such as hydrogen,
hydroxy, alkoxy, amine, chlorine, epoxide, isocyanate, nitrite, vinyl and
thiol
groups. Some specific examples of such polysiloxanes include vinyl-terminated
or methacrylate-terminated polydimethyl-co-diphenyl siloxanes and polydimethyl-
co-methylhydro-siloxanes.
Durable IOLs having thin optic portions are critical in enabling a surgeon
to minimize surgical incision size. Keeping the surgical incision size to a
minimum reduces intraoperative trauma and postoperative complications. A thin
IOL optic portion is also critical for accommodating certain anatomical
locations
in the eye such as the anterior chamber and the ciliary sulcus. IOLs may be
placed in the anterior chamber for increasing visual acuity in both aphakic
and
phakic eyes and placed in the ciliary sulcus for increasing visual acuity in
phakic
eyes.
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The polymeric compositions with reinforcing agents of the present
invention have the durability and flexibility required to allow ophthalmic
devices
manufactured from the same to be folded or deformed for insertion into an eye
through the smallest possible surgical incision, i.e., 3.0 mm or smaller.
One or more suitable ultraviolet light absorbers may optionally be added in
the manufacture of the subject polymeric compositions with polysilsesquioxane
reinforcing agents. Such ultraviolet light absorbers include for example but
are
not limited to ~-(4-benzotriazoyl-3-hydroxyphenoxy) ethyl acrylate, 4-(2-
acryloxyethoxy)-2-hydroxybenzophenone, 4-methacryloxy-2-
hydroxybenzophenone, 2-(2'-methacryloxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-
hydroxy-5'-methacryoxyethylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-[3'-tart-butyl-2'-
hydroxy-
5'-(3"-methacryloyloxypropyl)phenyl]-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-[3'-tart-butyl-
5'-(3"-
dimethylvinylsilylpropoxy)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]-5-methoxybenzotriazole, 2-(3'-
allyl-
2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-[3'-tart-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(3"-
methacryloyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-5-methoxybenzotriazole, and 2-[3'-tart-butyl-
2'-hydroxy-5'-(3"-methacryloyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-5-chlorobenzotriazole. The
choice of ultraviolet light absorber depends on the level of UV blockage
desired
and the type of polymerizable groups present, i.e., the type of reaction, for
curing
to occur.
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Soft, foldable, relatively high refractive index of approximately 1.45 or
greater, relatively high elongation of approximately 100 percent or greater
polymeric compositions of the present invention with one or more POSS
reinforcing agents are described in still greater detail in the examples that
follow.
EXAMPLE 1 - Preparation of polymeric composition with norbornenylethyl
isobutyl-POSS:
A glass vial is charged with 2.3 grams (2.45 milimole of vinyl) of
norbornenylethyl isobutyl-POSS (Hybrid Plastics, Fountain Valley, CA) and 15
mL of tetrahydrofuran. The mixture was stirred until all POSS powder is
dissolved. Then 0.7 grams (4.45 millimole of Si-H) of methylhydrosiloxane-
dimethylsiloxane (50150) of Mn around 1050 (Gelest Inc., Tullytown, PA) and
7.0
grams (0.254 millimole of vinyl) of vinyl-terminated diphenylsiloxane-
dimthylsiloxane copolymer (15-17 %) of Mn 55,000 (Gelest Inc., Tullytown, PA)
are added and well mixed. The solvent is then removed under reduced pressure.
Then 1.0 mg of Platinum(0)-cyclovinylmethysiloxane complex (Gelest Inc.,
Tullytown, PA) is added into the silicone mixture and mixed well prior to
degassing. The mixture is then cast between two silane-treated glass plates
and
cured at 100 °C for two hours. The cured film is optically clear.
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EXAMPLE 2 - Preparation of polymeric composition with
trisnorbornenylethyl isobutyl-POSS:
The procedure is the same as that of Example 1 except that 1.8 grams
(4.07 milimole of vinyl) trisnorbornenylethyl-POSS (Hybrid Plastics, Fountain
Valley, CA) is used to replace norbornenylethyl isobutyl-POSS and 1.2 gram
(7.64 millimole of Si-H) methylhydrosiloxane-dimethylsiloxane (50/50)
copolymer
is used. The cured film is optically clear.
EXAMPLE 3 - Preparation of polymeric composition with
tris(vinyldimethyl)Isobutyl-POSS:
The procedure is the same as that of Example 1 except that 1.8 grams
(5.17 milimole of vinyl) of tris(vinyldimethyl)isobutyl-POSS (Hybrid Plastics,
Fountain Valley, CA) is used rather than norbornenylethyl isobutyl-POSS and
1.2
gram (7.64 millimole of Si-H) methylhydrosiloxane-dimethylsiloxane (50/50)
copolymer is used. The cured film is optically clear.
EXAMPLE 4 - Preparation of polymeric composition with
methacryloxylpropyl -POSS:
The procedure is the same as that of Example 1 except that 1.2 grams
(7.41 milimole of vinyl) of tris(vinyldimethyl)isobutyl-POSE (Hybrid Plastics,
Fountain Valley, CA) is used to replace norbornenylethyl isobutyl-POSS and 1.8
gram (11.45 millimole of Si-H) of methylhydrosiloxane-dimethylsiloxane (50/50)
copolymer is used. The cured film is optically clear.
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EXAMPLE 5 - Preparation of polymeric composition with vinyl-POSS cage
mixture:
The procedure is the same as that of Example 1 except that vinyl-POSS
cage mixture (Hybrid Plastics, Fountain Valley, CA) in the amount of 1.1 grams
(7.52 milimole of vinyl) is used to replace norbornenylethyl isobutyl-POSS and
1.9 gram (12.1 millimole of Si-H) of methylhydrosiloxane-dimethylsiloxane
(50/50) copolymer is used. The cured film is optically clear.
Medical devices produced using the polymeric compositions with
reinforcing agents of the present invention may be manufactured in accordance
with methods known to those skilled in the art of the specific ophthalmic
device
being produced. For example, if an intraocular lens is to be produced, the
same
may be manufactured by methods known to those skilled in the art of
intraocular
lens production.
Ophthalmic devices such as but not limited to IOLs and corneal inlays
manufactured using the polymeric compositions with reinforcing agents of the
present invention can be of any design capable of being rolled or folded for
implantation through a relatively small surgical incision, i.e., 3.0 mm or
less. For
example, intraocular implants such as IOLs comprise an optic portion and one
or
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more haptic portions. The optic portion reflects light onto the retina and the
permanently attached haptic portions hold the optic portion in proper
alignment
within an eye. The haptic portions may be integrally formed with the optic
portion in a one-piece design or attached by staking, adhesives or other
methods
known to those skilled in the art in a multipiece design.
The subject ophthalmic devices, such as for example IOLs, may be
manufactured to have an optic portion and haptic portions made of the same or
difFering materials. Preferably, in accordance with the present invention,
both the
optic portion and the haptic portions of the IOLs are made of the same
polymeric
composition with one or more reinforcing agents of the present invention.
Alternatively however, the IOL optic portion and haptic portions may be
manufactured from different materials and/or different formulations of the
polymeric compositions with one or more reinforcing agents of the present
invention, such as described in detail in U.S. Patent Numbers 5, 21?,491 and
5,326,506, each incorporated herein in their entirety by reference. Once the
materials) are selected, the same may be cast in molds of the desired shape or
cast in the form of rods and lathed or machined into disks. If cast in the
form of
rods and lathed or machined into disks, the disks may then be lathed or
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machined at a relatively low temperature below that of the glass transition
temperature of the materials) to produce IOLs. The IOLs whether molded or
machined are then cleaned, polished, packaged and sterilized by customary
methods known to those skilled in the art.
In addition to IOLs, the polymeric compositions with one or more
reinforcing agents of the present invention are also suitable for use in the
production of other ophthalmic devices such as contact lenses,
keratoprostheses, capsular bag extension rings, corneal inlays, corneal rings
and
like devices.
Ophthalmic devices manufactured using the unique polymeric
compositions with one or more reinforcing agents of the present invention are
used as customary in the field of ophthalmology. For example, in a surgical
cataract procedure, an incision is placed in the cornea of an eye. Through the
corneal incision the cataractous natural lens of the eye is removed (aphakic
application) and an IOL is inserted into the anterior chamber, posterior
chamber
or lens capsule of the eye prior to closing the incision. However, the subject
ophthalmic devices may likewise be used in accordance with other surgical
procedures known to those skilled in the field of ophthalmology.
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While shown and described herein certain reinforcing agents, polymeric
compositions with one or more reinforcing agents, methods of producing the
reinforcing agents and polymeric compositions with one or more reinforcing
agents and ophthalmic devices made from the subject polymeric compositions
with one or more reinforcing agents in accordance with the present invention,
it
will be manifest to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be
made
without departing from the spirit and scope of the underlying inventive
concept
and that the same is not limited to particular structures herein shown and
described except insofar as indicated by the scope of the appended claims.
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