Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
PF 55266
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1
Fungicide mixtures
Description
The present invention relates to fungicidal mixtures comprising, as active
components,
1 ) the triazolopyrimidine derivative of the formula I,
CH3
JF F
N,N
i
~N~ ~ F
N CI
and
2) fenpropidin of the formula II,
(CHs)sC /
CH3 II
NJ
in a synergistically effective amount.
Moreover, the invention relates to a method for controlling harmful fungi
using mixtures
of the compound I with the compound II and to the use of the compound I with
the
compound II for preparing such mixtures and compositions comprising these
mixtures.
The compound I, 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-
[1,2,4]tri-
azolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, its preparation and its action against harmful fungi
are known
from the literature (WO 98/46607).
The compound II, 1-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl]piperidine, its
preparation
and its action against harmful fungi are likewise known from the literature
(DE-OS 27 52 096; US 4 202 894; common name: fenpropidin).
Mixtures of triazolopyrimidins with other active compounds are known in a
general
manner from EP-A 988 790 and US 6 268 371.
The synergistic mixtures disclosed in EP-A 988 790 are described as being
fungicidally
active against various diseases of cereals, fruit and vegetables, in
particular mildew on
wheat and barley or gray mold on apples. The mixtures disclosed in US 6 268
371 are
described as being fungicidally active, in particular against rice pathogens.
However,
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their fungicidal action against harmful fungi from the class of the Oomycetes
is
unsatisfactory.
The biological behavior of Oomycetes is clearly different from that of the
Ascomycetes,
Deuteromycefes and Basidiomycetes, since Oomycetes are biologically more
closely
related to algae than to fungi. Accordingly, what is known about the
fungicidal activity of
active compounds against "true fungi" such as Ascomycefes, Deuteromycetes and
Basidiomycefes can be applied only to a very limited extent to Oomycetes.
Oomycetes cause economically relevant damage to various crop plants. In many
regions, infections by Phytopntnora inrestans in the cultivation of potatoes
and
tomatoes are the most important plant diseases. In viticulture, considerable
damage is
caused by peronospora of grapevines.
Practical agricultural experience has shown that the repeated and exclusive
application
of an individual active compound in the control of harmful fungi leads in many
cases to
a rapid selection of fungus strains which have developed natural or adapted
resistance
against the active compound in question. Effective control of these fungi with
the active
compound in question is then no longer possible.
To reduce the risk of selection of resistant fungus strains, mixtures of
different active
compounds are nowadays preferably employed for controlling harmful fungi. By
com-
bining active compounds having different mechanisms of action, it is possible
to ensure
a successful control over a relatively long period of time.
It is an object of the present invention to provide, with a view to effective
resistance
management and an effective control of phytopathogenic harmful fungi, in
particular
harmful fungi from the class of the Oomycetes, at application rates which are
as low as
possible, mixtures which, at a reduced total amount of active compounds
applied, have
improved activity against the harmful fungi.
We have found that this object is achieved by the mixtures defined at the
outset.
Moreover, we have found that simultaneous, that is joint or separate,
application of the
compound I and the compound II or successive application of the compound I and
the
compound II allows better control of harmful fungi than is possible with the
individual
compounds (synergistic mixtures).
The mixtures of the compound I and the compound II or the simultaneous, that
is joint
or separate, use of the compound I and the compound II are distinguished by
being
highly active against a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi, in particular
from the
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classes of the Ascomycetes, Deuferomycetes, Oomycetes and Basidiomycefes. They
can be used in crop protection as fofiar- and soil-acting fungicides.
They are particularly important in the control of a multitude of fungi on
various culti-
vated plants, such as bananas, cotton, vegetable species (for example
cucumbers,
beans and cucurbits), barley, grass, oats, coffee, potatoes, corn, fruit
species, rye,
soya, tomatoes, grapevines, wheat, ornamental plants, sugar cane and, in
particular,
rice, and also on a large number of seeds.
They are especially suitable for controlling the following phytopathogenic
fungi:
Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew) on cereals, crysiphe cichoracearum and
Sphaero-
fheca fuliginea on cucurbits, Podosphaera leucotricha on apples, Uncinula
necator on
grapevines, Puccinia species on cereals, Rhizoctonia species on cotton, rice
and
lawns, Ustilago species on cereals and sugar cane, Venfuria inaequalis on
apples, Bi-
Polaris and Drechslera species on cereals, rice and lawns, Septoria nodorum on
wheat,
Botrytis cinerea on strawberries, vegetables, ornamental plants and
grapevines, My-
cosphaerella species on bananas, peanuts and cereals, Pseudocercosporella her-
potrichoides on wheat and barley, Pyricularia oryzae on rice, Phytophthora
infestans on
potatoes and tomatoes, Pseudoperonospora species on cucurbits and hops, Plasmo-
pdra viticula on grapevines, Alternaria species on fruit and vegetables and
also ~usd-
rium and Verticillium species.
They are particularly suitable for controlling harmful fungi from the class of
the
Oomycetes on various crop plants such as vegetable species (for example
cucumbers,
beans and cucurbits), in particular late blight of tomatoes and potatoes
caused by
Phytophthora infestans, and downy mildew of grapes (peronospora of grapevines)
caused by Plasmopara viticola.
They can also be used in the protection of materials (e.g. the protection of
wood), for
example against Paecilomyces variotii.
The compound I and the compound II can be applied simultaneously, that is
jointly or
separately, or in succession, the sequence, in the case of separate
application,
generally not having any effect on the result of the control measures.
When preparing the mixtures, it is preferred to employ the pure active
compounds I and
II, to which further active compounds against harmful fungi or against other
pests, such
as insects, arachnids or nematodes, or else herbicidal or growth-regulating
active
compounds or fertilizers can be added according to need.
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Other suitable active compounds in the above sense are in particular active
compounds selected from the following groups:
~ acylalanines, such as benalaxyl, ofurace, oxadixyl,
~ amine derivates, such as aldimorph, dodemorph, guazatine, iminoctadine,
tridemorph,
~ anilinopyrimidines, such as pyrimethanil, mepanipyrim or cyprodinil,
~ antibiotics, such as cycloheximid, griseofufvin, kasugamycin, natamycin,
polyoxin or
streptomycin,
~ azoles, such as bitertanol, bromoconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole,
dinitroconazole, enilconazole, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole,
flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imazalil, ipconazole, metconazole,
myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazofe, prochloraz, prothioconazole,
simeconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triflumizole,
triticonazole,
~ dicarboximides, such as myclozolin, procymidone,
~ dithiocarbamates, such as ferbam, nabam, metam, propineb, polycarbamate,
ziram, zineb,
~ heterocyclic compounds, such as anilazine, boscalid, oxycarboxin,
cyazofamid,
dazomet, famoxadone, fenamidone, fuberidazole, flutolanil, furametpyr,
isoprothiolan, mepronil, nuarimol, probenazole, pyroquilon, silthiofam,
thiabendazoie, thifluzamide, tiadinil, tricyclazole, triforine,
~ nitrophenyl derivatives, such as binapacryl, dinobuton, nitrophthal-
isopropyl,
~ other fungicides, such as acibenzolar-S-methyl, carpropamid, cyflufenamid,
cymoxanil, diclomezin, diclocymet, diethofencarb, edifenphos, ethaboxam,
fentin
acetate, fenoxanil, ferimzone, fosetyl, hexachlorobenzene, metrafenone,
propamocarb, phthalide, toloclofos-methyl, quintozene, zoxamid,
~ strobilurins, such as fluoxastrobin, metominostrobin, orysastrobin or
pyraclostrobin,
~ sulfenic acid derivatives, such as captafol,
~ cinnamides and analogous compounds, such as flumetover.
In one embodiment of the mixtures according to the invention, a further
fungicide III or
two fungicides III and IV are added to the compounds I and Il. Preference is
given to
mixtures of the compounds I and II and a component III. Particular preference
is given
to mixtures of the compounds I and II.
1n a further preferred embodiment of the mixtures according to the invention,
the
fungicide III is an azole fungicide.
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The compound I and the compound If can be applied simultaneously, that is
jointly or
separately, or in succession, the sequence, in the case of separate
application,
generally not having any effect on the result of the control measures.
5 The compound I and the compound II are usually applied in a weight ratio of
from
100:1 to 1:100, preferably from 20:1 to 1:20, in particular from 10:1 to 1:10.
The components ILI and, if appropriate, IV are added if desired in a ratio of
from 20:1 to
1:20 with respect to the compound I.
Depending on the type of compound and the desired effect, the application
rates of the
mixtures according to the invention are from 5 g/ha to 1000 g/ha, preferably
from 50 to
900 g/ha, in particular from 50 to 750 g/ha.
Correspondingly, the application rates for the compound I are generally from 1
to
1000 g/ha, preferably from 10 to 900 g/ha, in particular from 20 to 750 kg/ha.
Correspondingly, the application rates for the compound II are generally from
1 to
1000 g/ha, preferably from 10 to 500 g/ha, in particular from 40 to 350 kg/ha.
L0
In the treatment of seed, application rates of mixture are generally from 1 to
1000 g/
100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 to 200 g/100 kg, in particular from 5 to 100
g/100 kg.
In the control of harmful fungi, the separate or joint application of the
compound I and
the compound II or of the mixtures of the compound I and the compound II is
carried
out by spraying or dusting the seeds, the plants or the soil before or after
sowing of the
plants or before or after emergence of the plants. The compounds are
preferably
applied by spraying the (eaves.
The mixtures according to the invention, or the compound I and the compound
II, can
be converted into the customary formulations, for example solutions,
emulsions,
suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes and granules. The use form depends on the
particular intended purpose; in each case, it should ensure a fine and even
distribution
of the compound according to the invention.
The formulations are prepared in a known manner, for example by extending the
active
compound with solvents and/or carriers, if desired using emulsifiers and
dispersants.
Solvents/auxiliaries suitable for this purpose are essentially:
- water, aromatic solvents (for example Solvesso products, xylene), paraffins
(for
example mineral oil fractions), alcohols (for example methanol, butanol,
pentanol,
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benzyl alcohol), ketones (for example cyclohexanone, gamma-butyrolactone),
pyrrolidones (NMP, NOP), acetates (glycol diacetate), glycols, fatty acid
dimethylamides, fatty acids and fatty acid esters. In principle, solvent
mixtures may
also be used,
- carriers such as ground natural minerals (for example kaolins, clays, talc,
chalk)
and ground synthetic minerals (for example highly disperse silica, silicates);
emulsifiers such as nonionic and anionic emulsifiers (for example
polyoxyethylene
fatty alcohol ethers, alkylsulfonates and arylsulfonates) and dispersants such
as
lignosulfite waste liquors and methylcellulose.
Suitable surfactants used are alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium
salts of
lignosulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid,
dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates,
alkylsulfonates, fatty
alcohol sulfates, fatty acids and sulfated fatty alcohol glycol ethers,
furthermore
condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and naphthalene derivatives with
formaldehyde, condensates of naphthalene or of naphthalenesulfonic acid with
phenol
and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether, ethoxylated
isooctylphenol,
octylphenol, nonylphenol, alkylpheny4 polyglycol ethers, tributylphenyl
polyglycol ether,
tristearylphenyl pofyglycof ether, alkylaryl polyether alcohofs, alcohol and
fatty alcohol
ethylene oxide coridensates, ethoxyiated castor oil, poiyoxyethyiene alkyl
ethers,
ethoxylated polyoxypropylene, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetal, sorbitol
esters,
lignosulfite waste liquors and methylcellulose.
Substances which are suitable for the preparation of directly sprayable
solutions,
emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions are mineral oil fractions of medium to
high boiling
point, such as kerosene or diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils and oils of
vegetable or
animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example
toluene, xylene,
paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes or their derivatives,
methanol,
ethanol, propanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, isophorone, highly
polar
solvents, for example dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone and water.
Powders, materials for spreading and dustable products can be prepared by
mixing or
concomitantly grinding the active substances with a solid carrier.
Granules, for example coated granules, impregnated granules and homogeneous
granules, can be prepared by binding the active compounds to solid carriers.
Examples
of solid carriers are mineral earths such as silica gels, silicates, talc,
kaolin, attaclay,
limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth,
calcium sulfate,
magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertilizers,
such as,
for example, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas,
and
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products of vegetable origin, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal
and
nutshell meal, cellulose powders and other solid carriers.
In general, the formulations comprise from 0.01 to 95% by weight, preferably
from 0.1
to 90% by weight, of the active compounds. The active compounds are employed
in a
purity of from 90% to 100%, preferably 95% to 100% (according to NMR
spectrum).
The following are examples of formulations: 1. Products for dilution with
water
A) Water-soluble concentrates (SL)
10 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in water or in a
water-soluble
solvent. As an alternative, wetters or other auxiliaries are added. The active
compound
dissolves upon dilution with water.
B) Dispersible concentrates (DC)
parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in cyclohexanone with
addition of a dispersant, for example polyvinylpyrrolidone. Dilution with
water gives a
dispersion.
20 C) Emulsifiabie concentrates (EC)
15 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in xylene with
addition of
calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5%
strength).
Dilution with water gives an emulsion.
D) Emulsions (EW, EO)
40 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in xylene with
addition of
calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5%
strength).
This mixture is introduced into water by means of an emulsifying machine
(Ultraturrax)
and made into a homogeneous emulsion. Dilution with water gives an emulsion.
E) Suspensions (SC, OD)
In an agitated ball mill, 20 parts by weight of the active compounds are
comminuted
with addition of dispersants, wetters and water or an organic solvent to give
a fine
active compound suspension. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of
the
active compound.
F) Water-dispersible granules and water-soluble granules (WG, SG)
50 parts by weight of the active compounds are ground finely with addition of
dispersants and wetters and prepared as water-dispersible or water-soluble
granules
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by means of technical appliances (for example extrusion, spray tower,
fluidized bed).
Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active
compound.
G) Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders (WP, SP)
75 parts by weight of the active compounds are ground in a rotor-stator mill
with
addition of dispersants, wetters and silica gel. Dilution with water gives a
stable
dispersion or solution of the active compound.
2. Products to be applied undiluted
H) Dustable powders (DP)
5 parts by weight of the active compounds are ground finely and mixed
intimately with
95% of finely divided kaolin. This gives a dustable product.
f) Granules (GR, FG, GG, MG)
0.5 part by weight of the active compounds is ground finely and associated
with 95.5%
carriers. Current methods are extrusion, spray-drying or the fluidized bed.
This gives
granules to be applied undiluted.
J) UL'J solutions (UL)
10 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in an organic
solvent, for
example xylene. This gives a product to be applied undiluted.
The active compounds can be used as such, in the form of their formulations or
the use
forms prepared therefrom, for example in the form of directly sprayable
solutions,
powders, suspensions or dispersions, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes,
dustable
products, materials for spreading, or granules, by means of spraying,
atomizing,
dusting, spreading or pouring. The use forms depend entirely on the intended
purposes; they are intended to ensure in each case the finest possible
distribution of
the active compounds according to the invention.
Aqueous use forms can be prepared from emulsion concentrates, pastes or
wettable
powders (sprayable powders, oil dispersions) by adding water. To prepare
emulsions,
pastes or oil dispersions, the substances, as such or dissolved in an oil or
solvent, can
be homogenized in water by means of a wetter, tackifier, dispersant or
emulsifier.
However, it is also possible to prepare concentrates composed of active
substance,
wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier and, if appropriate, solvent or
oil, and such
concentrates are suitable for dilution with water.
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The active compound concentrations in the ready-to-use preparations can be
varied
within relatively wide ranges. In general, they are from 0.0001 to 10%,
preferably from
0.01 to 1 %.
The active compounds may also be used successfully in the ultra-low-volume
process
(ULV), it being possible to apply formulations comprising over 95% by weight
of active
compound, or even to apply the active compound without additives.
Oils of various types, welters, adjuvants, herbicides, fungicides, other
pesticides, or
bactericides may be added to the active compounds, even, if appropriate, not
until
immediately prior to use (tarik mix}. These agents are typicaiiy admixed with
the
compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of from 1:10 to
10:1.
The compounds I and II or the mixtures or the corresponding formulations are
applied
by treating the harmful fungi, the plants, seeds, soils, areas, materials or
spaces to be
kept free from them with a fungicidally effective amount of the mixture or, in
the case of
separate application, of the compounds l and II. Application can be carried
out before
or after infection by the harmful fungi.
The fungicidal effect of the ccmpound and the mixtur es is demonstrated by the
following tests:
The active compounds, separately or jointly, were prepared as a stock solution
comprising 0.25% by weight of active compound in acetone or DMSO. 1
°I° by weight of
the emulsifier Uniperol~ EL (wetting agent having emulsifying and dispersant
action
based on ethoxylated alkylphenols) was added to this solution, and the mixture
was
diluted with water to the desired concentration.
Use example - activity against peronospora of grapevines caused by Plasmopara
viti-
cola
Leaves of potted vines of the cultivar "Riesling" were sprayed to runoff point
with an
aqueous suspension having the concentration of active compound stated below.
The
next day, the undersides of the leaves were inoculated with an aqueous
zoospore
suspension of Plasmopara viticola. The grapevines were then initially placed
in a
water-vapor-saturated chamber at 24°C for 48 hours and then in a
greenhouse at 20-
30°C for 5 days. After this period of time, the plants were again
placed in a humid
chamber for 16 hours to promote sporangiophore eruption. The extent of the
development of the disease on the undersides of the leaves was then determined
visually.
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The visually determined percentages of infected leaf areas were converted into
efficacies in % of the untreated control:
5 The efficacy (E) is calculated as follows using Abbot's formula:
E = (1 - a/,(3) ~ 100
a, corresponds to the fungicidal infection of the treated plants in % and
/3 corresponds to the fungicidal infection of the untreated (control) plants
in
An efficacy of 0 means that the infection level of the treated plants
corresponds to that
of the untreated control plants; an efficacy of 100 means that the treated
plants were
not infected.
The expected efficacies of mixtures of active compounds were determined using
Colby's formula (Colby, S.R. "Calculating synergistic and antagonistic
responses of
herbicide combinations", Weeds, 15, 20-22, 1967) and compared with the
observed
efficacies.
Colby's formula:
E=x-~y-x~y/100
E expected efficacy, expressed in % of the untreated control, when using the
mixture of the active compounds A and B at the concentrations a and b
x efficacy, expressed in % of the untreated control, when using the active
compound A at the concentration a
y efficacy, expressed in % of the untreated control, when using the active
compound B at the concentration b
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Table A - individual active compounds
Ex- Concentration Efficacy in % of
of active the
Active compound compound in the
spray
ample untreated control
liquor [ppmJ
1 control (untreated)- (90 % infection)
16 67
2 I
4 56
16 0
3 II (fenpropidin)
4 0
Table B - mixtures according to the invention
Mixture of active compounds
Ex-
Concentration Observed efficacyCalculated efficacy*)
ample
Mixing ratio
I+II
4 16 + 4 ppm 92 67
4:1
I+II
16 + 16 ppm 97 67
1:1
I+II
6 4 + 16 ppm 89 56
1:4
*) efficacy calculated using Colby's formula
5
The test results show that for all mixing ratios the observed efficacy of the
mixtures
according to the invention against Plasmopara viticoia is, owing to strong
synergism,
considerably higher than that predicted using Colby's formula.
