Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FRAGRANCING AND FABRIC TREATMENT
IN A CLOTHES DRYER
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a clothes dryer "refreshing and
fragrancing" product wherein the fragrances and other actives are contained in
a temperature
and/or time selective dispensing device that is designed to protect the
fragrance from the
effects of heat.and to provide iinproved fragrancing and softening of the
fabrics This
invention provides delivery of fragrances or other actives into the drier
cycle under optimal
conditions, resulting in a more efficient, effective, longer lasting,
fragrance delivery and
allowing lower use levels of the fragrance in the product to achieve the same
intensity as the
current state of the art technologies offer. The invention can also be applied
to non-fragrance
actives such as anti-static compounds, odor absorbers/controllers, anti-
wrinkle treatments,
fabric conditioners, sanitizers, easy ironing ingredients, fast fabric drying
ingredients,
insecticides and combinations thereof.
Technical Background and Prior Art
Fragrance products designed for the clothes dryer are typically introduced at
the
beginning of the drying cycle. As a consequence of this early introduction,
the fragrances are
subject to the heat, humidity, and air flow venting conditions for the entire
duration of the
drying cycle.
In a clothes dryer cycle, as the clothes dry, the temperature inside the dryer
rises
to a maximum and then drops towards the end of the drying cycle. As a result,
with current
clothes dryer perfumizlg and/or fabric treating products it is necessary to
use an excess of
perfume and other actives in order to compensate for the amount of such
actives that is lost
through excessive evaporation and/or thermal degradation. This is typically
the case when
dryer sheets of current use are applied to transfer to the fabrics perfume and
softening
actives.
Another problem with current products for clothes dryers is that they are not
CONFIRMATION COPY
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dispensed at the ideal time, temperature, or humidity conditions for the
optimum
performance of the fragrance during the drying cycle. For instance, in a
typical clothes dryer
fragrance product, such as a dryer sheet, the fragrance experiences high
temperatures and air
flow throughout the entire drying cycle, with resulting loss of fragrance
through the vent
and/or prolonged thermal degradation of the fragraalce. The fragrance quality
is thus altered,
often resulting in what is known as a "dryer heat smell" and lower fragrance
intensity.
Furthermore, the softener active in a dryer sheet "is typically a quaternary
ammonium
compound and/or fatty acid type compound which can become a doininate mal-odor
on dry
fabric and is often described as amine like, fishy and/or rancid, fatty or
greasy.
Figure 1 presented further on clearly illustrates the temperature conditions
inside
a clothes dryer, throughout the various phases of the drying cycle. It
represents the basic heat
profile during a fabric drying cycle. Two basic drying curves are represented,
a curve that
reflects a "ballast" drying cycle and a "towels" drying curve. Both cuives
were obtained
using a thermocouple adhered to the dryer door, while the dryer-progressed
through a timed
drying cycle (without a moisture sensor). Ballast refers to an array of
primarily cotton and
cotton/polyester based fabrics of various weave patterns. The towels are also
primarily cotton
and/or cotton polyester blends, but consist of a towel type weave pattern.
The curves were developed using a computer based data logger thermocouple
scheme and depict typical time/temperature conditions inside a clothes dryer.
As the clothes
dry, the temperature inside the dryer rises to a maximum then drops when the
drying cycle
ends. Four segments of the curves have been labeled for discussion; initial
heat up,
evaporative based drying time, finalization, and cool down (heat off). The
respective
conditions are summarized in the Table below.
Dryer Phase Ballast Towels
Time in Dryer Temperature Time in Dryer Temperature
(minutes) ( F) (minutes) ( F)
Initial Heat Up 0-4 85-105 0-5 85-115
Drying 4-30 115-130 4-30 115-137
Finalization 30-60 135-157 30-42 135-157
Cool Down 66-77 157-85 42-58 157-85
Total Cycle Time 77 Minutes 58 Minutes
Initial Heat-Up: These segments of the curves typically reflect the time and
temperature
achieved to begin effective drying. Essentially, a stabilization period.
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Drying Time: The drying time typically reflects the time/temperature
conditions of the
drye and clothing as it progresses through the cycle and as the majority
of the water is evaporated from the dryer load.
Finalization Time: The finalization time reflects the time and temperature the
dryer loads
are exposed to while the final amount of moisture evaporates from the
dryer load (note: the saw-toothed portion of the curve is a result of the
on-off function of the heater cycling on and off to maintain
temperature).
Cool Down: The cool down time reflects the time and temperature conditions of
the
dryer once the heater has been signaled to shut off.
From Figure 1 and the Table above, it is quite obvious to the reader that
clothing
(containing fragrance and/or actives) transferred from the washer to the
dryer, as well as
fragrance or actives added just prior to the drying cycle are subjected to the
time temperature
effects of the'entire drying cycle. As discussed, this results have
detrimental effects to the
fragrance through an excessive and unnecessarily long heat history. This leads
to fragrance
loss through the dryer vent and thermal decomposition of the fragrance that
causes fragrance
loss and undesired hedonic changes of the fragrance notes. Typically, the low
molecular
weight fractions of the fragrance (the so-called "top" inotes), often
excessively volatilize
prematurely and are "flashed off' and/or decomposed leaving primarily the
medium
molecular weight fractions (middle notes) and high molecular weight fractions
of the
fragrance (bottom notes) remaining. The major detrimental result is that the
desired fragrance
added to the clothing initially changes into an adulterated form of the
original composition.
Fragrance houses attempt to formulate around fragrance loss, degradation, and
fragrance
mutation, but it is a complex problem and the resulting fragrances and methods
of delivery to
fabric are not optimal.
In summary, trying to formulate around abusive dryer conditions significantly
reduces the type and nature of the palette of fragrance compounds that can be
used by the
perfumer when compounding a perfume. The net result is a limitation in the
range of
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fragrance types etc, which can be formulated to meet consumer needs and
preferences.
It would be therefore be desirable to compensate the shortcomings of prior
known articles and products for the delivery of fragrances and/or other
actives such as anti-
static compounds, odor absorbers/controllers, anti-wrinkle treatments, fabric
conditioners,
sanitizers, easy iron ingredients, fast fabric drying ingredients,
insecticides and combinations
thereof, in clothes dryers. More specifically, it would be advantageous to be
able to
automatically target the time of delivery of the active, under humidity and/or
temperature
conditions of the fabrics and/or dryer environment for optimal performance of
the active, in
particular the fragrances. Ideally, this should also be done in a cost
effective manner.
Moreover, with the increase in energy costs, there has been a significant
consumer trend to the use of lower temperature washing conditions, including
cold water, for
washing fabrics and clothes. These lower temperatures result in less effective
removal of soil
and stains etc., by laundry detergents. This in part is due to the reduced
effectiveness, at these
lower wash temperatures, of the commonly used peroxygen bleaches, such as
sodium
perborate and percarbonate, present in powdered laundry detergents. Expense
activators such
as TAED (tetraacetylethylenediamine) can be incorporated in the detergent in
order to help
regain some of this performance at these lower wash temperatures. However, not
all of the
cleaning performance loss is regained. This is especially true under cold
water wash
conditions, largely used to wash colored fabric loads.
It is therefore also desirable, for those consumers who then use a laundry
dryer to
dry these fabrics, to provide the ability to "refresh" (remove any residual
lipid soils which in
the presence of enzymes can create malodors, as well as oxygen bleach
sensitive stains) the
fabrics by means of hydrogen peroxide and then fragrance them.
In this respect, it is well lrnown that at elevated temperatures hydrogen
peroxide
is,very.useful for providing color safe bleaching benefits to fabrics. It is
normally not
practical to bleach with hydrogen peroxide at temperatures below 69 degrees
centigrade
(140 degrees Fahrenheit). The temperature and humidity conditions (low water
to fabric
ratio) found during the drying process in a clothes dryer are ideal for
achieving optimum
performance of this type of bleach. However, in view of the fact that hydrogen
peroxide may
chemically decompose certain fragrance components during the high temperature
bleaching
phase, it is critical that the fragrance be introduced into the dryer
environment after this step
is completed and no more hydrogen peroxide is available.
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Now, the use of peroxygen bleaches (hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate and
percarbonate) in clothes dryers has been described previously. For example, in
US Patent
No. 3,180,037, an aqueous hydrogen peroxide bleach solution is atomized into a
clothes
dryer. However, this method has the disadvantage in that the fine mist of
hydrogen peroxide
5 is apt to be swept out of the dryer by the air stream and wasted.
In US Patent No. 3,989,638 and US Patent No. 4,017,411, thickened hydrogen
peroxide solutions are dispensed as a liquid from a porous pouch onto the
surface of the
textiles through the tumbling action within the clothes dryer. This method has
two
disadvantages: first, it has a tendency to distribute the hydrogen peroxide
unevenly over the
textiles; and second, it distributes most of the hydrogen peroxide onto the
textiles at an early
stage in the drying process, before the temperature of the dryer reaches the
high temperature
required for bleaching witli hydrogen peroxide or other peroxygen bleaches.
Alternatively,
US Patent No. 4,130,392 tumbles the fabrics in the clothes dryer with a solid
peroxygen
activator, 1,3,4,6-tetra-acetyl glycouril, plus a particulate bleaching
compound, such as
sodium perborate or sodium percarbonate. This process has the obvious
disadvantage of
requiring the addition of undesirable solid particles to the clean fabrics in
the dryer and can
result in the buildup of such materials within the dryer or on the lint filter
of the dryer.
Further, such a process is even more prone to result in uneven bleaching of
the textiles
because of the solid particles.
Lutz in US Patent No. 4,395,261 teaches a method for bleaching damp fabrics
while they are exposed to heated gases in a clothes dryer by means of hydrogen
peroxide.
The hydrogen peroxide is initially confined as a liquid in a container, with a
hydrophobic
membrane. The heat of the dryer vaporizes the hydrogen peroxide, which allows
it to pass
through the membrane and be delivered to the fabric from the vapor phase. They
claim the
ideal time to achieve the best performance to do this is when the fabrics are
still damp, yet
near the end of the drying cycle when the temperature within the dryer is the
highest.
However, it is not specified on how best (either by device and/or process)
this
can be done.
The prior art does not discuss how to effectively fragrance fabrics while
using
peroxy bleaches in the clothes dryer to obtain the refreshing benefits on
fabrics. If the
fragrance and the peroxy bleach are introduced together into a dryer
environment, significant
decomposition of the fragrance will occur because of chemical attack by this
bleach. The
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present invention also makes it possible to address this problem and allow the
combined use
of a fragrance and a bleach to treat the fabrics in a clothes dryer under
optimum conditions
for fabric refreshing and fragrancing.
Further desirable benefits to be imparted to fabrics relate to their
appearance. In
particular, there is a need for compositions and processes that can be used by
a consumer to
provide clothes with an attractive appearance e.g. reduced wrinldes and
creases and also with
a fresh/pleasant fragrance, without the need to resort to time consuming
ironing or expensive
dry cleaning.
Technically, wrinkling is an artifact of un-relaxed stresses in the fabric
fibers,
which can be caused by excessive strains (creases) to the fibers (i.e. when a
fiber is
excessively bent/stressed, it does not fully recover to it original
unbent/stressed state.).
Wrinkles are also a result of fiber entanglement, electrostatic forces,
friction between fibers,
and inappropriate "cross-linking" which includes attachment between fibers by
soils, stains,
fabric treating compositions, etc.
There are currently commercially available wrinlde reduction products that
also
provide a fragrancing benefit to the fabrics, but which are not for use in
clothes dryers. An
example of one such product is Downy "Wrinkle Reducer" sold by Procter &
Gamble of
Cincinnati, Ohio. These products, to be effective, require the dry clothes or
fabrics to be
dampenedlwetted by the product (a high water content in the formula is
required as a result)
containing de-wrinkling active(s), the latter being normally delivered to the
fabric via a spray
bottle (pump or trigger). The consumer is then required to intervene in order
to provide
sufficient physical force to stretch the fabric to remove the wrinkles etc, in
order to complete
the process.
Compositions have been developed that are sprayed onto fabrics to improve
their
appearance. For example, Schwartz et al.; US Patent No. 3,674,688 discloses an
aqueous
alcoholic solution of a cationic surfactant, such as dialkyl dimethyl ammonium
chloride, to
remove wrinldes.
Kandathil, US Patent No. 3, 833,393 discloses a composition containing a
fabric
stiffening agent, such as starch, an organic solvent with high penetrating
ability and a
emulsifiable wax, with optional ingredients such as a water-soluble
polyalkylene glycol, a
salt of a water soluble amine, and a fatty acid or an emulsified silicone that
may be sprayed
onto the fabric to stiffen it.
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Jacobsen et al., US Patent No. 4,661,268 discloses a product and a process for
removing wrinkles. The product consists essential of an alcohol-aqueous
solution containing
a silicone-glycol copolymer surfactant and/or a fluorinated alkyl ester
surfactant together
with a quatemary ammonium salt surfactant. The process consists of spraying
the product
onto fabric to dampen it. Church, US Patent No. 4,806,254 discloses an aqueous
composition
for removing wrinkle s containing a monohydric alcohol, glycerine, a nonionic
surfactant and
dimethyl siloxane.
A composition for fabric wrinlde reduction and shape retention is disclosed in
Coffindaffer, US Patent No. 4,923,623, which includes a liquid starch having
curable amino
function silicones. Another fabric winkle reduction composition and method is
disclosed by
Agbomeirele et al., US Patent No. 5,100,566, which contains an aqueous-
alcoholic solution
of an anionic siliconate and glycerine. This patent also discloses a method
for applying such
a composition onto fabric. Vogel et al., US Patent Nos. 5,532,023 and
5,798,107 disclose the
use of an aqueous spray for reducing wrinkles on treated fabric using
compositions
containing an effective amount of non-volatile silicone fluids, such as
polydimethyl siloxane
gums, together with an effective amount of film-forniiing polymers.
Hart et al., in US Patent No. 6,524,494 disclose compositions that provide
wrinkle reduction and long lasting fragrance retention, as well as malodor
reduction. This
requires dampening of the fabric by the claimed compositions and stretching of
the fabric by
the consumer in order to achieve the de-wrinkling effect.
In all cases, this prior art requires direct consumer intervention in the
process to
achieve the performance benefits specified. In addition there is no reference
in this prior art
to the ability of the product of this invention to effectively utilize the
conditions that exist in
a clothes dryer during its operational cycle to possibly provide an anti-
wrinlding, refreshing
and perfum.ing benefit to fabrics without the need for consumer intervention
or effort.
In the case of the cloth.es dryer related products that are commercially
available
they tend to focus on providing primarily anti-static benefits (no fabric
cling) and fragancing
of the fabric and are normally sold in a sheet delivery format.
In these respects, the combination of the delivery system with active(s)
according
to the present invention substantially departs from conventional concepts,
methodologies,
and designs of the prior art. This invention provides a process and
formulation approach to
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specifically target the optimum time/temperature/humidity conditions
combination in the
dryer that results in the most effective and efficient usage of the active(s).
Summary of the Invention
The general purpose of the present invention is to provide a new clothes dryer
fragrancing, refreshing and/or anti-wrinkling product and process that has
many of the
advantages of cun-ent clothes dryer products and many novel features that
result in a clothes
dryer product which is not anticipated, rendered obvious, suggested, or even
implied by any
other prior art, either alone or in any combination thereof.
An object of this invention is a method to deliver actives, namely fragrances,
refreshing agents and/or anti-wrinkling agents that are specifically
formulated to optimally
perform within a targeted temperature range, in a clothes dryer, by means of
an automatic
temperature and/or time responsive dispenser. The device will dispense the
active under the
optimum conditions for release thereof during the drying cycle.
Another object of this invention is to provide a means to obtain higher
residual
fragrance levels at the end of the dryer cycle.
According to a specific embodiment of the invention, it is an object thereof
to
provide a device for delivering a fabric refresher active(s) such as a
peroxygen bleach to the
fabrics in a dryer while they are still dainp and to subsequently deliver a
fabric substantive
fragrance during the "cool down" cycle of the dryer.
The invention further provides a method for perfiuzling and refreshing
fabrics,
that comprises contacting the fabrics with the above device inside a clothes
dryer, under
temperature conditions such that the refreshing active and the fragrancing
agent are not
released into the dryer simultaneously.
Another object of this invention is to provide a means to prolong the useful
life
of a clothes dryer perfiuning product by delivering such a product within a
closed device
generally as described hereafter.
Another object of this invention is a method to reduce malodor in the dryer
("dryer heat smell") due to thermal degradation of some of the fragrance
ingredients, and to
reduce loss of fragrance through evaporation.
Another object of this invention is a method for the delivery of a larger
variety of
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actives that can be utilized in clothes dryers, alone or in combination. For
instance, a clothes
dryer fragrancing product can contain more volatile and/or more temperature
sensitive
fragrance components to enhance fragrance hedonics.
Another object of our invention is to provide a means to automatically expose
or
deliver a clothes dryer product intoa clothes dryer in a specific and targeted
way.
According to another embodiment of the invention, there is provided a method
and device for fragrancing fabrics and reducing fabric wrinlding, which method
comprises
delivering an anti-wrinikling active to the fabric in a conventional clothes
dryer, while the
fabric is damp to thus provide anti -'wrinkling properties to the fabric.
Preferably, the active is
applied to the fabric at a temperature in the range of 20 to 65C (around 70 to
145 F). Also,
the anti-wrinkling active preferably includes a fragrancing agent so that the
fabric is
fragranced as the anti-wrinkling agent is applied.
The invention thus delivers an anti-wrinlding product at an appropriately
targeted
temperature range in the dryer that equates to the fabrics still being damp
(not wet or dry). It
also controls the exposure or delivery of a temperature targeted formulation
to its intended
environment by capitalizing on environmental events that occur inside a
clothes dryer.
Furthermore, the invention utilizes the tumbling action of the dryer to
provide the mechanical
wrinkle removing force/relaxation energy, required after the anti-wrinkle
active(s) have been
introduced to the "damp" fabric.in the dryer, in order to de-wrinkle the
fabrics.
The cost effective performance of the fragrance delivered to fabric in the
dryer is
enhanced by reducing overall exposure time to "hot air" venting. Furthermore,
the loss and
potential changes to the fragrance from the device prior to its addition to
the drier are limited.
Thus, a concentrated (low or no water product) anti-wrinlding active(s)
product is achieved
which will allow a smaller cost effective multi use product delivery system to
be designed.
The invention provides a device allowing multi-use of the active in the dryer,
which can be re-filled and automatically (i.e. without the user's
intervention) dispenses the
active substance, namely the fragrance at the optimum moment to avoid
fragrance
degradation. No electrical or mechanical activation is needed.
Brief Description of the Drawings
The accompanying drawings provide several embodiments of the device of the
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invention to teach implementation thereof. These drawings are illustrative
only and are for
the purpose of teaching how the invention can be utilized. Changes may be made
in the
specific construction illustrated.
The accoinpanying drawings use like reference characters to designate the same
5 or similar parts throughout the several views.
Fig. 1 is a graph depicting the temperature vs. time conditions inside a
clothes dryer when it
is drying a load of clothes.
Fig. 2 is one example of the device of the invention related to the release of
an active (e.g.
10 fragrance sachet) into a clothes dryer when a certain temperature is met.
Fig. 3 is another example of the invention's device that can deliver an active
after one or
more dryer stages are completed. The drawing illustrates delivery after a
final temperature
cycle.
Fig. 4 shows yet another example of our invention that allows dispensing of
the activewhen
the dryer starts to cool down after a heating cycle has ended.
Fig. 5 shows a cross section view and a top view of a preferred embedment of
the dispenser
device comprising a recipient for the active or actives to be dispensed to the
fabrics, which
recipient is connected to an activation assembly comprising a thermally
sensitive snap-disk
Fig. 6 shows a cross section view of the snap-disk assembly of Figure 5 in
greater detail.
Fig. 7 represents the sequence of events, from the start of the cycle up to
the delivery of the
active to the fabrics, via a spray thereof.
Fig. 8 shows two views of a clothes dryer comprising a device according to the
invention, for
dispensing an active treating substance for fabrics, said device being
fastened to the door of
the dryer.
Detailed Description of the Invention
In the present invention, the term "fabric" means articles of clothing or
other
household materials (sheets, towels, etc). This includes synthetic, natural,
nylon, acrylic and
blended articles. For example, a fabric may include materials made from
cotton, linen,
polyester, nylon and blends there of.
As previously indicated, the invention relates to a device for the delivery of
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fragrances and other actives to fabrics during the drying thereof in a clothes
dryer.
The invention fu.rther relates to a method that uses the temperature changes
in the
temperature profile of the drying cycle represented in Figure 1 previously
discussed, so as to
deliver the actives under temperature and drying fabrics moisture content
conditions such as
to achieve the optimum performance of the active(s), and which comprises
subjecting the
fabrics within the dryer to the action of said device so as to transfer the
active(s) to the
fabrics at the appropriate time of the drying cycle.
Such a device, that operates at discrete temperature events/ranges and
delivers or
exposes the active(s), is as described in International publication number WO
03/086483 A2
or US publication 2004/0003724, the contents of which are hereby included by
reference to
the extent that it is necessary. It typically comprises a housing and a thermo-
responsive
driving means, and carries an active within a container. In the following
description the terms
here-below defined have the meanings indicated.
A housing is any structure that retains and holds in arrangement the
components
of the device.
A thermo-responsive driving means is any means that defme and control the
delivery temperature of the active to the dryer environment, in particular the
means cited in
the above-mentioned references and which are described in specific embodiments
hereafter.
An active is any material or means that is intended to provide a benefit to
the
consumer (e.g. materials or other means that provide a fragrance benefit,
reduce lint, reduce
static electricity, reduce wrinkling, increase speed of drying, control the
antbacterial
properties and/or hygiene of the fabrics, etc.).
A fabric refreshing active is a substance or means that provides color safe
bleaching type cleaning and stain removal performance under environmental
conditions
found in a clothes dryer, or that controls the hygiene and antibacterial
properties of the
fabrics treated in the clothes dryer.
A port is any opening that allows the active(s) to be released into the
clothes
dryer.
A shielding means is any construct that inhibits interaction of the active(s)
with
the intended environment prior to a targeted dispensing temperature event.
A container is any structure used to contain the active prior to dispensing or
prior
to exposing the active to its intended envirorunent. The container could also
form the housing
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of the device.
With reference to the Figures, the invention relates to one embodiment
according to which there is provided a method to perfume fabrics during the
drying cycle in
a clothes dryer, wherein the means for delivering the fragrance active are
illustrated in
Figure 2. The latter illustrates a clam shell type version of the device of
the invention that
delivers fragrance into the clothes dryer instantaneously (e.g. sachet) or at
an increasing
rate as the dryer warms up and decreasing rate as the temperature decreases.
Such a
behavior is obtained for example when using as the thermo-responsive means an
evaporating gel.
This device can be attached to the inside of the clothes dryer door using
magnetic or other attachment means and, with reference to Figures 2A and 2B,
comprises
an upper housing 27, a lower housing 28, a hinge 29, a fragrance (depicted
here as a sachet)
37 and a bimetallic spring 36. The bimetallic spring 36 is normally bent when
cold and
straightens when the temperature rises. It can be made of any material that
provides this
type of behavior.
The upper housing 27 and the lower housing 28 are connected by a hinge 29
and constitute a structure hereafter referred to as the housing assembly. The
hinge is
comprised of a member of the group consisting of mechanical hinges, fasteners
or integral
plastic hinges.
Fig. 2C illustrates the bottom spring retainer assembly 35. The bottom spring
retainer 35 contains a slot 33 and a bottom wedge hook 38 for'securing the
bottom end of
the bimetallic spring 36.
Fig. 2D illustrates the top spring retainer assembly 34. The top spring
retainer
34 contains a slot 31 and a top wedge hook 39 for securing the top end of the
bimetallic
spring 36.
In Fig. 2A the device is fially closed, minimizing the exposure of the
fragrance
37 to the dryer environment. The device is closed because the bimetallic
spring is at a lower
temperature thus forcing the housing assembly to be closed. This is the
position in which
the device is inserted in the clothes dryer at the begiruling of the drying
cycle.
Fig. 2B illustrates the device fully open, allowing delivery of the fragrance
37
into the dryer. The device in Fig. 2B develops this configuration when the
dryer temperature
is the warmest and causes the bimetallic spring 36 to straighten, forcing the
device to open to
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the point where the fragrance/active drops out of the device into its intended
environment 21
(e.g. inside the clothes dryer). From thereon the temperature of the dryer
cools down.
Alternatively, an evaporative fragrance gel could be permanently attached to
either housing of the assembly. In this case, when the dryer temperatures
increase, the
fragrance components increase in vapor pressure (increasing evaporation rate)
thereby
increasing fragrance delivery to the dryer. The opposite is true as dryer
temperature
decreases. The device controls this, by opening up and allowing the fragrance
37 to be
increasingly exposed to the dryer as the dryer temperature rises (e.g. the
vapor pressure of
'the fragrance rises). This allows most of the fragrance/active to be
delivered when the
temperature is hot, while restricting fragrance/active delivery when the
temperature is
cooler.
Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the dispensing device appropriate for the
objective of the invention. According to this embodiment, the fragrancing
method of the
invention comprises instantaneous delivery of an active when a targeted
temperature is met.
This device is useful in a clothes dryer for dispensing a fragrance/active
before the
finalization phase of the dryer cycle when a targeted temperature is met. This
may be
desirable if the best use of the active is when the dryer load is at a desired
dampness/temperature condition for optimal performance.
The device of Fig. 3 consists of a housing 252 with manual lid 254 attached
via
hinge 256. The housing is outfitted with a latch retaining slot 258 and a
keyway drop slot
260. Attached to the housing/lid assembly is a thermo-responsive ratchet latch
assembly
213.
Figs. 3A through 3C illustrate, in a simple manner, the basic sequence of
operations. Fig. 3A illustrates the device in the cold condition - upper part
of the bimetallic
strip 213 is straight - with the active 250 residing in the housing 252. Fig.
3B shows the
device in the hot position, at the target temperature, at the point of dumping
- the bimetallic
strip is bent, thus pushing the latch forward to the point of release where
the width of the
latch on the ratchet-latch assembly is less than the width of the keyway slot
260.
Fig. 3C illustrates the device in the dumped position, immediately after the
point of release, when the active has been dispensed.
Fig. 4 represents an embodiment of the device that delivers a fragrance/active
during the cool down phase of the clothes dryer cycle. This allows the active
to avoid the
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14
environmental abuse present during the heat-up and fmalization phase of the
dryer cycle.
The device of Fig. 4 comprises a thermal response ratchet assembly 213 with
integrated
ratchet latch assembly at 210 (see Fig. 4C). The thennally responsive ratchet
assembly 213
is attached by a hinge to housing 252. A manual lid 254, which allows
insertion of the
active into the housing, is attached to the housing 252 via hinge 256. A latch
retainer slot
(Fig. 4D, 258) is integrated into the housing 252 to hold the thermal response
ratchet
assembly 213 in an up/closed position when the ratchet latch assembly 210 is
pushed
forward into the keyway slot 258.
Figs. 4A through 4C illustrate, in a simple manner, the basic sequence of
operations. Fig. 4A illustrates the device in the cold condition with active
250 loaded into
the housing 252 and the bimetallic spring 200 in its cold/straight condition.
Fig. 4B
illustrates the device during the heat up and/or drying phase where the
bimetallic spring 200
has bent forward due to the increase in temperature, thereby causing the
bimetallic spring to
ride down ratchet incline 214 toward ratchet catch 202. Fig. 4C shows the
device when the
highest dryer temperature has been met. At this temperature, the bimetallic
spring falls to
engage the ratchet catch 202. Fig. 4D shows the device after cooling down to a
targeted
temperature. In Fig. 4D, the cooler temperature caused the bimetallic spring
to straighten
and pull the latch 204 back into the housing to the point where the latch 204
was no longer
supported by the latch retaining slot 258. With no support from the latch
retaining slot 258,
the thermo-responsive ratchet assembly falls to deliver the active.
In essence, Fig. 4 does a two phase operation. Phase one is an initial heat-up
to
maximum temperature, progressing the spring forward till it falls to engage
the ratchet catch
204. Phase two is the fmal contraction of the spring during cool down that
pulls the ratchet
latch assembly 210 (at 202) backward, releasing the trap door to dispense its
content 250.
The basic principles above-described to provide perfuiniulg of the fabrics,
apply
in a similar manner to the delivery of other actives, but are dependent on the
appropriate
temperatures for, dispensing the latter in the clothes dryer.
Following the embodiment of the invention according to which there is provided
a method for refreshing and fragrancing the fabrics in a clothes dryer,
reference is made to
Figures 3 and 4.
In terms of "refreshing" the fabrics, the active of choice is hydrogen
peroxide.
This is based on the teachings of Lutz in US Patent No. 4,395,261. The
hydrogen peroxide
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will be held, as a solution or gel, in a container/cartridge which has at
least one surface
covered by a hydrophobic membrane. This cartridge/container will be contained
in a
refillable temperature activated delivery device, which can be attached to the
inside of the
clothes dryer door or to any other appropriate anchoring point inside the
dryer.
5 In this case the device would be designed to be closed at the start of the
drying
cycle. This would minimize/eliminate the loss of hydrogen peroxide in the
dryer
environment under more ideal bleaching conditions. The device is designed to
open in the
range of 55 to 65C (aboutl35 to 145 degrees Fahenheit), exposing the hydrogen
peroxide
cartridge/container to the dryer environment under optiinum conditions for
bleaching
10 performance for this active.
In this respect Fig. 3 illustrates how this can be achieved by the device. The
hydrogen peroxide enters the dryer environment in the vapor phase and
immediately
condenses onto the fabrics while they are still damp but not wet (low water to
fabric ratio
which is favorable in terms of the bleaching process) and at temperatures
favorable to
15 effective bleaching with this active. Specifically, the temperatures in the
dryer continue to
increase through the "fmalization" stage (see Figure 1), which in combination
with the time
(at least 30 minutes) spent by the fabrics at these higher temperatures, fiu-
ther enhances the
bleaching performance of the hydrogen peroxide.
The fragrance is then iiltroduced during the "cool down" sequence of the
dryer.
This is at a temperature below 60 degrees ceiltigrade (140 degrees Fahenheit),
corresponding
to the point when the bleaching action is finished. This also reduces
fragrance overall losses
through the dryer venting process, as well as minimizing hedonic changes due
to the
disproportional loss of high volatility "top" notes. The net outcome is
improved fragrancing
of the fabrics in the dryer relative to current practice. This result is again
achieved by having
the fragrance contained in a refillable temperature controlled delivery
device, which can also
be attached to the door of the dryer, as described previously.
The "fabric refreshener" and "fragrance" temperature controlled delivery
systems
can be functionally integrated into one overall device for attachment inside
the dryer. In this
case the device opens on the "cool down" cycle in the temperature range 55 to
60 C (130 to
140 degrees Fahrenheit) in order to expose the fragrancing media to the
dryer's
environmental conditions
It should be noted that this delivery device would stay closed when passing
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16
through this temperature range during the heat up and drying phases of the
cycle (see
Figure 1). In this respect Fig. 4 illustrates how this is achieved by the
device.
Moreover, it is also clear that although the devices can be fastened to the
dryer
walls or door surfaces, one can also provide a clothes dryer comprising an
integrated, built-
in, active agent dispenser according to the invention. This can be realized in
a very similar
manner as that which is known in common fabric washing machines provided with
mechanisms able to dispense the active at the appropriate time. This mechanism
will need to
be temperature triggered and be able to spray or deliver in any other manner
the active in
question. It will require temperature and humidity sensors to trigger release
of the active at
the proper time, and it will use the dryer internal electronic capabilities to
release the
fragrance or actives.
Following yet another embodiment of the method for treating fabrics in a
clothes
dryer according to the invention, there is provided a method which resorts to
a device able to
deliver an anti-wrinkling active ingredient, possibly in combination with a
fragrance.
The fiber anti-wrinlding agents of the present invention may be natural or
synthetic polymers. These fiber relaxants/lubricant agents may include, for
example, cationic
polyglycol ethers, silicon microemulsions, quatemized polymethyl siloxanes,
polycarboxylic
acids, polyvinyl pyrrolidone/dimethylamine ethyl methacrylate copolymers,
ethoxylated
quaternized ammonium esters, propoxylated quatemized ammonium esters and
mixtures
thereof. It should be noted that these ingredients are only used as examples
and should not be
considered limiting to the invention.
The optimum point for the introduction of the anti-wrinkling and fragrancing
product in the drier cycle is at the end of the "Drying" phase and start of
the "Finalization"
phase (in the range of 50 to 60 degrees centigrade, 125 to 140 F - see Figure
1) while the
fabric is damp but not wet and there remains a sufficient time period of
tumbling action on
the fabric during the operating cycle of the dryer to provide the required
"relaxation" energy
to the fabric load.
The introduction of the fragranced anti-wrinkling product in the "drying"
phase
of the cycle (approximately 20 to 30 minutes into the overall dryer cycle)
also significantly
reduces fragrance loss due to "hot" air venting when compared to the current
practice of
introducing a fragranced product at the beginning of the cycle. This results
in higher
fragrance levels on fabric at the end of the drying cycle to be achieved or
alternatively a
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17
lower fragrance level (reduced product cost) in product to be used in the
invention to achieve
similar fabric fragrancing intensity as is achieved by current dryer products.
Separately, because the fabrics in the dryer are already "damp" when the anti-
wrinkle active(s) are added, there is no need for the formulation to
contribute water to wet
the fabrics, as is the case for current anti-wrinkling products. This fact
enables the
formulation of the invention to be presented in a concentrated (significantly
reduced water
content) form. This has the advantage of enabling smaller cost effective
delivery device
formats to be used that have multi cycle dosing capabilities.
By developing a clothes dryer product that targets fragrance and anti-wrinkle
active(s) release at an optimal temperature or temperature range (hence, time)
allows one to
make a product that provides superior anti-wrinkling and fragrance benefits to
fabric than
what can be achieved by current practice and art. This is achieved by
leveraging the
environmental/physical conditions which exist in domestic clothes dryer.
The preferred method of dispensing the product is to target release of
active(s)
while the clothes are damp and halfway up the heat characteristic curve. This
relates to a
discrete temperature event/range in the clothes dryer cycle and ensures
optimum temperature
specific delivery for the product in the drying process.
This invention is not limiting in scope and can be applied to provide optimal
dispensing of many other active(s) forms by allowing active(s) to be dispensed
in any way:
continuously, discretely, at a specific rate or change in rate, at a specific
temperature event,
etc. This invention also allows delivery of more than one active at each
active's optimal
temperature and/or time.
Moreover, by specifically targeting the temperature at which the fragrance is
released in the dryer, it is possible to use a much wider range of fragrance
ingredients that in
current methods of fabric perfuming in a clothes dryer, because the fragrance
is effectively
protected against thermal degradation during the phases of the drying cycle
when
temperature is highest. The fragrance is in fact delivered on the cool-down
period of this
cycle.
The invention also relates to the means for carrying out the methods of
treating
fabrics, i.e. the dispenser device capable of delivering the active agents, in
particular
fragrances, and the clothes dryers comprising such devices and allowing for
treatment of the
fabrics at the appropriate temperatures.
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18
The invention now be illustrated in an even more detailed manner by way of the
following examples.
Preferred Embodiments of the Invention
Example 1
An Automatic Thermosensitive Dispenser Device and a Clothes Dryer
ComprisingSaid
Device
With reference to Figure 5, a dispenser device suitable for the invention
comprises a
container for the active substance, namely a fragrance, antibacterial or
hygiene controlling
active agent, or a fabric softener or refreshing composition comprising said
active agent of
fragrance or antibacterial substance. The container shall typically be under
internal nitrogen
(or another inert gas) pressure, normally from 60 to 90 psi. The container is
initially filled
with the coinposition that it is desired to dispense onto fabrics during the
drying thereof in
the clothes dryer. On the left-hand side of the device assembly represented in
Figure 5, there
is drawn a cross-section of an actuating thermo-responsive snap-disk assembly,
represented
in a more detailed manner in Figure 6, wherein the container opening valve is
directly
connected to the represented mechanical assembly.
Initially, at the start of the dryer cycle, the snap-disk represented in
Figure 6 is concave.
When the temperature reaches 65-75 degrees centigrade (150-170 F) the disk
snaps and
assumes a convex shape thus forcing the push, rod assembly down and
compressing the
gasket at the end of the assembly blocking the exit orifice. At this point
within the chamber
there is zero pressure and so the piston drops down to the bottom of the valve
such that the
active is loaded into the cavity. As the temperature of the dryer cools down
to around 35-
50 C(95-120 F), the snap disk shape returns quickly to its original form,
which is concave.
So, the rod assembly and piston move up. The gasket attached to the rod
assembly valve is
now in the up position and so the net result is a spray pattern of active
substance(s) dispensed
through the now opened exit orifice onto the fabric tumbling in the dryer.
This sequence of events is represented in more detail in Figure 7.
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This unit allows for dispensing of product dosages of up to 5 ml of active
composition
(depending on the size of the piston and valve chamber) with excellent
reproducibility. The
substance can be dispensed in the form of a spray mist, stream or intermediate
form thereof
using a mechanical break up button, also Imown in the art as an actuator or
spout.
The entire unit and assembly caii be seen on Figure 8 where there is
photographed a clothes
dryer according to the invention comprising the device fastened to its door.
Alternatively, the
assembly can be incorporated in the structure of a clothes dryer according to
the invention
which comprises a built-in lodging for this container/dispenser assembly.
Further, optionally
electronic system can be incorporated.
Example 2
Method of use of a perfiuned softener composition to treat fabrics in a
clothes dryer
coinprising a dispenser as described in Example 1
A perfumed softener composition, comprising the ingredients cited below, in
the proportions
indicated, was prepared by admixture of the ingredients. The perfume of the
composition
thus obtained, formed of the ingredients 3 to 15, was described as presenting
a
fruity/floral/green odor, with more specific peach, pineapple, green apple,
jasmine, rose and
green leaf nuances.
Ingredient Name % by Weight
1 Incrosoft TSO-90** 24.96
2 Isopropyl Myristate 24.96
3 Tetralinol 24.49
4 Hedione * 7.90
5 Habanolide 6.32
6 Geraniol 3.16
7 Allyl Cyclohexylpropionate 1.58
8 Isobomyl Acetate 1.58
9 Veloutone* 1.58
10 Rhubofix * 1.58
11 Cis-3-hexenyl acetate 0.63
12 Dihydromyrcenol 0.47
13 Benzyl Acetate 0.47
14 Galbanolene Super* 0.16
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15 Scentenal * 0.16
Total 100.00
* Origin: Firmenich SA, Geneva, Switzerland
** Cationic fabric softener active/anti-wrinkle agent, available commercially
as methyl
(dioleylamidoethyl)[polyoxyethyl] ammonium methyl sulfate (90%) and
isopropanol
5 (10%) from Coda Incorporated. The chemical structure is shown below:
0
)L-HN -SO4CH3
Oleyl CH3
N
f ~'(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2OH
Oleyl
HN
O
Exactly 100 ml of the above coinposition were placed in a 4-oz aerosol can
with a standard
10 value assembly without dip tube and actuator (button). The mount cup of the
value assembly
was crimped to the can and the interior thereof pressurized to 60 psi with
inert nitrogen gas.
The can was then placed in a dispenser device comprising a snap-disk assembly
as
represented in previously described Figure 5, in the position indicated in
this Figure, such
that the can valve could be sprayed by means represented in this Figure,
driven by the
15 teinperature activated snap disk. The Whole dispenser device was then fixed
to the clothes
dryer door as shown in Figure 8 and used to treat a standard load of fabrics,
during the drying
cycle in the dryer.
For comparison, three other fabric softening treatment alternatives were
applied to three
20 identical loads of fabrics, hereafter designated as the Comparative Fabrics
1, 2 and 3, which
were treated in three conventional washing machines and dried in a
conventional manner in
drying machines not equipped with a dispenser as that of the present
invention. The other
alternatives used are indicated in the Table below.
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21
Washing Invention 1 2 3
Machine/Dryer
Fabrics Invention Comparative Comparative Comparative
Fabrics fabrics 1 fabrics 2 fabrics 3
Method of Delivery Dispenser Dryer Sheet Ultra Liquid Regular Liquid
of Perfume and device of the Softener during Softener
Active invention washing cycle
The perfiuning ingredients used were the same in all cases and were those
ingredients 3-15
indicated above, in the same relative proportions. In the three comparative
softening
treatments, no additional cationic softener active, nor isopropyl myristate
were used in the
fabric treatment. In the case of the dryer sheet, the softening treatment was
carried out in
dryer, whereas with the liquids softeners, the fabrics were dried in the
absence of any
product.. The Table below represents the levels of ingredients used for each
wash, rinse and
dryer cycle.
Softening means Perfume Balance of Ingredients Total per fabric
(g) (g) treatment
(g)
Invention's 1 1 2
Device
Dryer Sheet 1 1 2
Ultra Liquid 1 29 30
Softener
Reg. Liquid 1 99 100
Softener
The fabric treatment methods were as follows.
A commercial powdered detergent (62 g) was added to four Maytag type top
loading
washing machines. Each machine was placed on a regular cycle and allowed to
fill-up with
lukewarm water (80 F). Ten cotton terry towels (1.2 kg) were added to each
machine. A
single wash cycle was performed, followed by a rinse and spin cycle. The wash
time was
14 minutes.
The comparative liquid fabric softener samples 2 and 3, namely the Ultra
Liquid softener 2
(30 g) and Regular Liquid softener 3 (100 g) were added just before the rinse
cycle in
machines 2 and 3 respectively. In both cases the towels were then placed in a
Maytag front
loading dryer and allowed to dry for 60 nzinutes (timed dry).
The comparative dryer sheet 1 (2 g) was added to drying machine 1 fabric load
and the
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22
automatic multi-load refillable dispenser device of the invention was used in
the invention's
dryer comprising the dispenser device attached to its door.
In the invention's dryer, just before the last 3 minutes of the cool down
cycle (-100 F) the
invention's dispenser device sprayed a mixture of perfume and fabric softener
(2 g) onto the
respective fabrics.
The towels were removed from all dryers, placed in plastic containers with
tops and aged for
one week. The towels were evaluated on blind tests by a panel of professional
evaluators,
both just out of the dryer and after the one week aging process.
Dynamic headspace analysis was also carried out on the one week aged dry
towels for
further confirmation of the amount of perfume volatiles evaporating from the
aged fabrics
after one week.
Sensory Evaluation Method
Each professional evaluator from a panel of 17 individuals was asked to
determine, on a
blind test, whether he/she could find any significant difference between the
odor strength
perceived on the dry towels, both just out of the dryer and after being stored
in bins for
1 week. The evaluators were asked to rate the perceived odor intensity on a
scale of 0 to 100
as described herebelow.
100 Extremely Strong
90 = Very Strong Plus
80 = Very Strong
70 Strong Plus
60 = Strong
50 = Medium
40 = Weak Plus
= Weak
20 = Very Weak
30 10 = Just Perceptible
0 No odor
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23
The results of the evaluations are summarized in the Table below.
Softening Means Fabrics just out of the dryer Fabrics after 1 week
Invention's dispenser device 91 89
Dryer sheet 40 38
Ultra Liquid Softener 35 23
Regular Liquid Softener 28 22
It is quite clear from the above results that the fabrics treated according to
the method of the
invention, in a dryer comprising a dispenser device as described in the
present application,
were perceived by the panel as developing a far stronger odor than all the
Comparative loads
of fabrics, and this both just after the drying cycle and a week after the
washing/drying
treatment. In fact, 17 out of the 17 evaluators selected towels treated
according to the
invention, thus clearly showing the improvement that the latter provides in
the perfiu-ning and
softening of the fabrics over those treated conventionally.
Moreover, when asked to fiu-ther indicate why, apart from the perceived
stronger odor, they
preferred these fabrics treated according to the invention's method, all the
panelists indicated
that the odor of these fabrics was fresher, cleaner, more balanced, fruiter
and more floral than
that of the conventionally treated ones, and totally devoid of the amine/fishy
odor that they
could perceive in the latter.
This was also found to be tlie case for the dry fabrics aged for 1 week. Once
again, 17 out of
17 evaluators selected the 1 week aged towels treated according to the
invention. They
indicated that these fabrics developed the strongest/freshest odor, when
compared to those
treated with a conventional dryer sheet and liquid softener means.
Headspace Analysis Evaluation
The method used in all cases was as follows.
A dry towel was placed in a 1-liter glass headspace apparatus. Headspace
vapors were
collected and concentrated onto adsorbent tubes (100 mg Tenax ) over 10
minutes at 40 C
using sampling pumps calibrated at 130ec/min constant airflow. A Perkin Elmer
Automatic
Thermal Desorption unit (ATD 400) was used to transfer the collected materials
from the
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24
tubes onto a Perkin Elmer Turbomass GCMS. The ATD 400 utilized a 10 minute,
220 C
desorption step with an outlet split of 20 ml/min. The eluting compounds were
split to a FID
and MS detector. Chromatography was performed using a J&W DB 1 column (30 m x
0.32 m x 1 m). The headspace constituents were identified using both FID
retention time
and mass spectra comparison to refereiice mass spectral libraries. The
analysis was repeated
on 2-3 other towels from the same wash for an average relative area count.
The following table suxluzzarizes the results of the analysis for each of the
ingredients present
in the fragrance above found on dry fabric aged week.
Ingredient Invention Dryer Sheet Ultra Liquid Reg. Liquid
Device Softener Softener
Tetralinol 24760119 16929 9691 56538
Hedione 263219 18422 0 3530
Habanolide 347437 24852 21541 35716
Genariol 1614120 11013 2130 7430
Allyl 3556845 0 0 11119
Cyclohexyl ro ionate
Isobornyl Acetate 7284693 Trace Trace 5842
Veloutone 7867539 1997 7618 12496
Rhubofix 358263 0 0 0
Pipol Acetate 348691 0 0 0
Dihydromyrcenol Pur 1392313 0 0 0
Benzyl Acetate 590224 0 0 0
Galbanolene Super 23633 0 0 0
Scentenal Trace 0 0 0
As seen from the Table above, the automatic multi-load refillable device of
the invention
provides significantly more fragrance ingredients on dry fabric than the
conventional
softening means used to treated the fabrics, namely a dryer sheet or a liquid
fabric softener.
In fact closer examination of the above table shows an improved presence of
the so-called
"top notes" on dry fabric, i.e. the types of fragrance ingredients that are
typically lost when
the fabrics are conventionally dried. One can in fact observe detection of a
significantly
greater amount of tetralinol, geraniol, isobomyl acetate, pipol acetate,
dihydromyrcenol,
benzyl acetate and galbanolene super present in the fabrics when the latter
are treated
according to the methods and process of the invention, whilst still observing
improved
transfer of all the other ingredients which constitute the so-called "rniddle"
and "bottom
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WO 2006/006016 PCT/IB2005/001823
notes" of the perfume.
These results are further represented in the chart below for the overall
perfume performance
in the method for treating fabrics according to the invention, via a dispenser
device and
clothes dryer as described above.
5 As seen from the chart below, the automatic multi-load refillable device of
the invention
provides significantly more total perfume on dry fabric. In fact, it delivers
661 times more
perfume than a dryer sheet and about 365-1181 times more perfume than a liquid
softener.
Avern,e Area Count of Total Perfume on Dry Fabric ALyed 1 Week (LoLy Scale)
100C0000 W
(I)100000000
E
'L 10000000
()
0
75 10000CO
132669
v-
~ 10000D 7 ]i I~ 40
O
.-+
10000
:3
O
C)
1000
L . , . : . ., .. . .. .
Q 100
Q 10 '
Nister Devioe Llye- aeet Ultra Liquid SaFterff ft. Liquid Softerer
