Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Building Board, Building Element Or The Like
The present invention relates to a new building board or a new
building element, in particular a support element, structural
element, wall element, facing element or the like, having a
multilayer structure, preferably wood-based or consisting of wood
materials, which consists of at least three bonded layers, plies,
boards, sheets or the like, in particular having two covering
layers which are spaced from one another and parallel to one
another and having a core layer arranged between them and
connected with them.
A great number of essentially lamellar and/or beam-like building,
structural, support, wall and/or facing elements, constructed
according to various principles, for various purposes, as have
become known for building elements for installation in already
existing building structures or the like with a multilayer
structure for new buildings, extensions, redevelopment,
furnishings or the like of buildings, structures, and the like
as well as for mobile structures, partition elements or the like,
as used e.g. for exhibitions, fairs, presentations, markets or
the like, and furthermore, in particular, for boards for
outfitting buildings and for partitions in buildings, with heat
insulating and sound insulating panelling or the like, for the
furniture and exhibition construction sector and for panelling
and lining elements in vehicle and boat or ship building, for
outfitting trailers, mobile homes or the like or also for
auxiliary devices used in the building and construction industry,
such as boarding in highrises and the like, and used widely
nowadays to an ever increasing extent.
Based on concrete experiences obtained in practice and expanded
series of experiments within the scope of correspnding
development work, it has now been found successful to create new
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building boards or building elements or the like of the
aforementioned type with substantially improved strength, sound
and heat insulating values as well as other advantageous
physical, constructional, physical and biological properties
which are furthermore distinguished by high quality of use and
environmental friendliness and, furthermore, by biological
degradability and thus high waste disposal quality, in particular
when they - as preferably provided - are produced or
predominantly produced with biogenic materials, i.e. in
particular with natural, i.e. gown, wood or based on such wood
materials.
The object of the invention now is the aforementioned building
boards or building elements, such as in particular support
elements, structural elements, wall elements, boarding elements
or the like according to the preamble of claim 1 which have the
features or combination of features disclosed in the
characterizing part of this claim.
By orienting the fibres or grains of the core layer diagonally,
which is imperatively provided according to the invention, i.e.
at least essentially at a right angle to the main extension of
the new building boards, a structurally physically and
biologically valuable, compensating diagonal diffusion of
moisture and the like is made possible while fully maintaining
the high mechanical strength and resistance, vibration absorbing
and heat insulating properties and, at the same time, a high
mechanical load capacity and load-carrying capacity of the new
building elements or, in particular, also surface load capacity
in the new building boards, is ensured.
The tendency of wood to shrink or expand in fibre direction is,
e.g. when the ambient moisture changes, very low and is at most
about 1%, with which an almost constant thickness of the vertical
fibre core layer is ensured, preferably having a substantially
higher thickness than the covering layers, and consequently
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essentially of the entire building element or the entire new
building board.
To a large extent, the new building board or the new building
element or the like enables the use of even inferior quality
wood, waste wood and, in particular, also light-weight wood in
a conventional and in as cost-efficient manner possible in
accordance with market conditions for the core layer, i.e.
vertical fibre layer, occupying relatively thick and thus a
relatively high portion of the overall volume thereof in
comparison to its covering layer, as a result of which
substantial costs can be saved in each case without having to
accept losses with respect to stability and strength of the new
building elements.
An essential further advantage is that, as a result of the
"vertical orientation" of the fibres or grains in the vertical
fibre layer, even woods having a slight thickness and/or lateral
strength can be used which are, however, nevertheless definitely
sufficiently stable in direction of the wood grain against the
effect of pressure in direction of grain, with which mechanically
stable building boards having thusfar unattainable volumetric
density can be obtained, whereby the material thickness of the
new boards, supports and the like can also be kept low, if
required. At this point, it should be noted that the term
"building boards" which is used often here in no way relates only
to structural, boarding and facing boards for buildings, but that
this also generally includes boards for various other purposes,
such as e.g. for outfitting buildings, for the furniture and
installation industry as well as for various support and dividing
elements and the like for building and other purposes.
According to the embodiment especially preferred within the scope
of claim 1, in particular in the sense of of a substantial
reduction of the weight or mass of the new building boards or
building elements or the like increasingly demanded nowadays and
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a consequently substantially improved handling ease and mobility
thereof with definitely high stability and mechanical strength,
it is provided that the vertical fibre layer, which is preferably
formed with wood, with a plurality of vertical cavities,
recesses, millings, bores or the like which traverse said
vertical layer, with the essentially vertical orientation of the
vertical fibres or grains of the material forming this layer,
preferably wood, having at least essentially corresponding
orientation, in particular parallel thereto.
The advantage of this embodiment, which is especially preferred
within the scope of the invention, is based on the fact that it
was found that a substantial reduction of the weight of the new
building board can be obtained by the vertical cavities in the
vertical fibre layer, oriented in conformity with the direction
of the fibres, which does not, however, in any way dramatically
lower the strength as could perhaps be expected, however, wherein
transverse (moisture) diffusibility and moisture compensation are
substantially increased.
Further particulars regarding the embodiments preferred for the
properties of the new building boards or building elements within
the scope of the invention, the advantageous design and
distribution of the vertical cavities and the dimensional ratios
between vacuum volumes and wood mass in the vertical fibre layer
can be found in claims 2, 3 and 4.
When using wood in the building industry, it is quite essential
that great attention be given to fire prevention.
With the coating of the inner walls of the vertical cavities with
an intumescent polymer substance described in claim 5, which can
be easily applied in a thin layer thickness, preferably by
spraying from nozzles temporarily installed in these cavities
during the production process, a highly secure fire-retardation
is obtained by filling the cavities with the polymer which foams
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in the heat in the case of a fire, in particular, by preventing
any air suplayer.
Furthermore, an embodiment of the new building boards or the like
according to claim 6, which comprises at least essentially
corresponding covering layers with respect to their materials
and/or material properties, is preferred.
An advantageous embodiment of the vertical fibre layer of the
building board according to the invention, in particular along
the lines of high production savings, can be found in claim 7.
To further increase the mechanical strength and resistance to
distortion, claims 8 to 11 disclose advantageous embodiments of
the new building board or the like in which stiffening or
reinforcing strips are arranged that increase the strength and
preferably consist of wood and which are "upright" within the
vertical fibre layer, i.e. also "vertical", and increase the
strength, however, for which other materials can also be used,
e.g. plastics or metals.
In addition to the two embodiments of the building boards
according to claim 8, it should also be noted that boards
according to the first variant noted there are primarily provided
for the furniture and interior furnishings industry, and that
boards according to the second variant are primarily suitable for
supporting components, i.e. for example for ceilings.
An especially preferred embodiment according to the invention for
the new building boards with stiffening strips can be found in
claim 12, said embodiment being distinguished by especially high
mechanical stability, strength and constancy of shape.
Claims 13 and 14 disclose advantageous embodiments of the
covering layers and, having regard to as high a reduction in
weight as possible, advantageous materials for the vertical fibre
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layer of the new building board, of the new building element or
the like.
Claim 15 relates to a special embodiment of the vertical fibre
layer which is preferably formed from or with individual vertical
fibre bodies laterally bonded to one another over their vertical
lateral side.
In particular with respect to a cost-effective production, the
use of embodiments of the vertical fibre body, as described in
detail in claims 16, 17, 18 and 19, is especially preferred for
forming the vertical fibre layer of the new building boards,
building elements or the like.
Claim 20 provides detailed information about the lateral
covering, i.e. the covering of the narrow sides of the new
building boards or building elements or the like.
A special building board or the like which is either curved or
perhaps even arched according to a further embodiment of the
invention can be found in claim 21, which is suitable e.g. for
facing components with correspondingly curved or arched
"topography".
Furthermore, the invention is in no way restricted to boards or
the like for the most varied purposes, it is also directed to
supporting elements, girders or the like in the building
industry, i.e. to predominantly longitudinally extending building
elements having a support function, which inherently combine the
advantages of high mechanical strength with the other
advantageous characteristic properties of wood. An especially
preferred construction and embodiment of such a supporting
element, girder support or the like according to the invention
is disclosed in claim 22. It should be emphasized that every
type of design of such supporting elements are possible here when
only the basic principle of the construction according to the
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invention is retained.
In total, claims 23 and 24 disclose four forms of the new
building boards or building elements or the like which are
specifically directed to the object and which fulfil the object
and which can be used, on the one hand, as sound-absorbing
elements or boards and, on the other hand, as sound-generating,
amplifying or resonance elements in the sound equipment and
instrument building industry and, furtheremore, for a completely
different purpose, namely for highly stable door plates of
burglar-proof doors or the like.
Since sound-absorbing boards according to claim 23 are installed
in residential and work rooms, e.g. studio rooms, and since the
preferred material for this is wood, the greatest attention
should be paid to fireproofing: It was now found that a thin
coating on the inner walls of the vertical cavities of the
vertical fibre layer with a fire-protection polymer is quite
adequate, even when the thickness of the board consisting
completely of wood is only 2 cm and, accordingly, its vertical
cavities ultimately only have a depth of about 1.5 cm, in order
to obtain a problem-free fire-retarding effect, which corresponds
in any case to the fireproof class F90 (at least 90 min fire-
retarding effect, however, whereby this value of F90 is exceeded
by far in most cases.
Therefore, if, for example, the ceilings in a building are made
with building boards made exclusively of wood according to the
invention, e.g. multilayer in sandwich form, then it is
sufficient (as tests have shown) to place a thin board having the
basic construction of the invention and coated with the fire-
retarding polymer in the vertical cavities, as just described,
on the side in question or endangered by a possible fire, i.e.
for example in ceilings, mostly on the face.or underside, and,
in this simple way, it is made fully fireproof, although the wood
building boards which form the ceiling in several layers, e.g.
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laminated to one another, do not themselves have any fireproof
coating,or the like. Of course, fireproof boards provided with
the fire-retarding polymer can also be placed on both sides of
a ceiling, as just described.
With respect to the special embodiment of the new building boards
noted in the second part of claim 24, it is especially suitable
for supporting floors, ceilings, wall elements and the like, in
which increased fire protection is required. Boards of this type
can be used e.g. in railroad construction, vehicle construction,
ship and aircraft construction, furthermore for installation in
traffic construction, e.g. tunnels, for safety door plates and
the like.
Claim 25 relates to a completely new embodiment of the new
building board which can be used as an actively heating module
heating wall, as a ceiling heating element or directly as a
heating module or structural heating element, even though it
consists predominantly of wood or of a wood material.
Claim 26 relates to an especially preferred embodiment of the
invention for wall, partition, ceiling elements or the like
having a high heat insulating and sound insulating effect using
the building boards of the invention, in particular in its basic
form.
Within the sense of the above comments regarding obtaining the
highest fire-protection safety, an embodiment of the building
boards, building elements or the like according to claim 27 is
especially preferred, wherein the fireproof values required
according to "F90" are in any event always attained, however,
exceeded by far most of the time, so that any concerns against
the basic material wood, on which the new building boards or
building elements are based, are dispelled. With respect to the
wood which is not easily flammable and combustible and can be
advantageously used according to this claim, the advantage is
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here given that it is quite sufficient to use fireproof wood,
e.g. oak, for the vertical fibre layer, which can definitely be
of a lower quality and which could thusfar practically find no
use otherwise and which can therefore be obtained at a very low
cost.
Claims 28 and 29 relate to further advantageous embodiments which
are each directed to special types of uses in construction, for
wall elements, ceiling elements or the like according to the
invention using the new building boards.
A mechanically especially stable, structure-forming building
element furnished with the building boards according to the
invention comprises the high sound and heat insulating properties
can be found in claim 30.
The subject of claims 31 and 32 are wall or ceiling elements or
boards or the like, as described above, in which a stable
connection to the supporting concrete or the like is ensured and
which, furthermore, can be provided with a plaster layer in a
conventional manner or already provided with a finished plaster
coating.
Claim 33 relates to wall elements or the like furnished with
building boards having a heat and sound insulating effect which
can be used and set up in situ, i.e. directly, at the
installation site, or already produced as finished elements.
Claims 34 and 35 relate to easy-to-handle wall elements, wall
boards or the like which are distinguished by low weight and are
especially suitable for light construction, installations in
buildings, for exhibition purposes, for fair construction and the
like, and whose face or top surface structure is formed with
conventional means or in a known manner.
Furthermore, within the scope of the invention, claims 36 to 38
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relate to especially advantageous methods distinguished by an
economic manufacturing mode for the production of two
advantageous main embodiments of the new building boards, namely
for the especially preferred cases of the invention that they are
formed completely or at least predominantly with wood. It should
now be briefly mentioned here that the method according to claims
36 and 37 is nevertheless distinguished by especially high
manufacturing economy in spite of the apparently expensive,
multi-step processes, since all procedural steps can be fully
automated without difficulty and thus minimize the staff
expenditure.
Claims 39 to 46 relate to the most important fields provided
according to the invention for aplayering or using the new
building boards, building elements or the like for which they are
especially suitable. However, this does not in any way exclude
other or further application sectors.
On the whole, it should be noted that the new building boards,
building elements or the like are distinguished by low weight
with simultaneously high mechanical bending strength, torsional
strength and compressive strength, in particular due to the
"cross connection" provided according to the invention of
covering layers and core layer which have relatively different,
in particular vertical orientation of the fibres or grains and
due to possible reinforcing strips, and by high heat and sound
insulating properties, furthermore, by high economy especially
with respect to the (wood) material used for producing them which
includes essentially cost-effective economically useable wood,
as well as especially with respect to the type of production
itself which can be automated without difficulty. With respect
to the economic efficiency, it should furthermore be pointed out
that e.g. wood scraps resulting during milling of the grooves for
the vertical fibre bodies can be used for producing the covering
layer boards of the new building boards made from this waste wood
or generally for chipboards, furthermore, for the direct energy
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recovery by burning for recovery of wood distillate products,
melamine raw materials and the like.
By no means last, reference is made to the aspect of the high
environmental friendliness of the new building boards made
preferably of natural wood without treating with chemicals or the
like within the scope of the invention, which are ultimately
biodegradable without difficulty and can be returned into the
natural cycle or are energy recyclable without generating fossil
CO2 .
The invention will be described in greater detail with reference
to the drawings:
Fig. 1 shows a partially cut open building board according to the
invention in an diagonal view; Fig. 2 shows an especially
preferred embodiment of the vertical fibre body provided for the
formation of the vertical fibre layer in an diagonal view; Fig.
3 shows a vertical fibre body strip formed with the vertical
fibre bodies with reinforcing strips bonded to their lateral
sides interconnected with further vertical fibre bodies; Fig. 4
shows a schematic diagonal view of a beam provided with grooves
which forms the initial component for producing the vertical
fibre bodies, also interconnected with further beams of this
type; Figs. 5 to 7 show a similar variant for the production of
the new building boards with another design of their vertical
fibre layer; Fig. 8 shows a wall element furnished with the new
building boards on both sides in a diagonal view; Fig. 9 shows
a sectional view through a wall piece produced on site using the
new building board in the production phase; Fig. 10 schematically
shows the on-site production of a concrete cover furnished from
the start with the new sound and heat insulating building boards
according to the invention, in accordance with the principle of
the lost facing; Figs. 11 and 12 show two partition elements
based on the new building board; Fig. 13 shows a three-layer wall
element produced with the new building boards in section; in a
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diagonal view, Fig. 14 shows a building board formed as a sound-
absorbing board according to the invention; Fig. 15 schematically
shows a building board formed as a heating element; Figs. 16 and
17 show quasi photographic views of two building boards partially
robbed of their face-sided covering layer which is made
completely of wood; Figs. 18 to 20 illustrate an especially
preferred type according to the invention for producing the new
building board; Fig. 21 shows one of the possible embodiments of
a support built according to the same basic principle as the
building board; and Fig. 22 shows a building board according to
the invention having a curved shape.
The building board 1 shown in a diagonal view in Fig. 1 comprises
as main components a first covering layer 3, joined together by
heat sealing or the like and having a thickness dd3, and a
covering layer 4, arranged at a distance thereform and parallel
thereto, having a thickness dd4, and a vertical fibre layer 5,
arranged between these two covering layers 3 and 4 as a core
layer and having fibres 50 or grains in direction fv at a right
angle to the two-dimensional extension ed of the covering boards
3 and 4. This layer 5 is formed with vertical fibre bodies 51
which is here parallelepiped in shape, with a width bv, and
arranged in a row behind one another to the linear straight
vertical fibre body lines or strips 510, bonded together via
their opposite lateral sides 55.
In the embodiment shown here, upright reinforcing or stiffening
strips 7, each adjoining their vertical longitudinal lateral
sides 511, with narrow rectangular cross section having an upper
and lower narrow side 72 and vertical side surfaces 71 on both
sides, between vertical fibre body strips 510 adjacent to one
another and directed toward the observer. The reinforcing or
stiffening strips 7 are here also formed with wood, whereby the
direction fl of their fibres 70 corresponds to the longitudinal
direction of extension II of these reinforcing strips 7.
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It is especially preferred within the scope of the invention and
for the structural strength of the new building board 1 if the
wood grain 70 of the reinforcing strips 7 extends in a direction
fl which runs at a right angle to the fibres 30, 40 of the wood
forming the two covering surfaces 3 and 4 which have flow
directions fd3, fd4 that correspond to one another or are
parallel to one another, i.e. when a "crossed" run of the fibres
30, 40 of the covering surfaces 3, 4 is provided relative to the
fibres 70 of the reinforcing strips 7.
It should be clearly pointed out at this point that not every
vertical fibre body strip 50 must be accompanied by a reinforcing
strip 7 adjoining it, but, depending on the required strength and
(torsion) rigidity of the new building boards in the vertical
fibre layer 5, two or more vertical fibre strips 510 can be
arranged horizontally without reinforcing strips 7 arranged
between them, i.e. directly along one another, so that e.g. a
reinforcing strip 7 only follows after two or more directly
adjacent vertical fibre body strips 510 and then again two or
more directly adjoining vertical fibre body strips 7 without
interposed reinforcing strips 7, etc.
Furthermore, it should be clearly noted that, in particular when
new building boards 1 are subjected to relatively slight or
almost no loads, i.e. when they are provided e.g. for heat or
sound insulating facings without a substantial support function,
of course, no reinforcing strips at all can be provided between
the vertical fibre body strips 510, i.e. that these strips 510
all directly adjoining one another longitudinally form an
ultimately uniform vertical fibre body layer 5 without
interruption by reinforcing strips. In this case, it is
especially advantageous if the covering layers 3 and 4 are not
formed of grown wood but as homogeneous chipboards which do not
have a distinct grain direction and which are direct and compact
and have a quite thin material thickness, e.g. between 3 and 55
mm.
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It is provided within the scope of the invention in an especially
preferred manner, in particular for reasons of a substantial
reduction of the weight of the building boards 1, that the
vertical fibre layer 5 or the vertical fibre bodies 51 forming
it is or are traversed by a plurality of advantageously simlayer
shaped cross sections Qh, e.g. having a rectangular,
parallelepiped, U-shaped or circular cross section (as shown in
Fig. 1) which run parallel to one another and are preferably
distributed in a uniform manner, extending in direction fv of the
fibres 50 of the vertical fibre bodies 51, passing through the
vertical fibre layer 5 completely from covering board 3 to cover
board 4, in vertical cavities 6 oriented in vertical direction
hv, i.e. by channels, bores, through holes or the like.
Furthermore, it should be clearly noted at this point that the
covering layers 3 and 4 do not have to be made of wood or wood
materials, e.g. homogeneous boards, but may be made of the most
varied materials, e.g. of plastics reinforced with fibres having
a uniform orientation and/or longitudinally extended, of metals,
paper and cardboard, of textile fleeces, woven fabrics, foils or
the like, however, it is preferred if these materials have an
essentially intrinsically inherent parallel fibre structure, as
is the case especially preferred in wood or e.g. also in greatly
elongated plastics. Furthermore, plastics reinforced with
silicate or carbon fibres having an essentially uniform
orientation can be used as material for the covering layers 3 and
4.
With respect to the aforementioned stiffening strips 7 in the
vertical fibre layer 5, the same applies more or less for the
materials forming them, as just described for the coverung
surfaces 3 and 4, they also advantageously have longitudinal
fibres of longitudinal fibre reinforcement, as is especially the
case in wood.
It is especially preferred if the vertical fibre layer 5 is
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formed with conventional wood or light wood within the scope of
the present invention, whereby it is almost of no consequence for
the stability and strength of the new building boards if this
wood only has average quality or in many cases even below average
quality, which contributes substantially to lowering the costs
of the new building boards 1 without disadvantageously affecting
their quality.
On its lateral sides, the vertical fibre layer 5 of the new
building board 1 is advantageously covered toward the outside
with side strips 2 or the like.
With otherwise the same reference numbers, Fig. 2 shows one of
the vertical fibre bodies 51, bonded together, and a plurality
of which form the vertical fibre layer 5 shown in Fig. 1: In the
form shown here, it has an essentially basic parallelepiped form
with a width bv. The height hk of the body 51 is variable,
depending on the overall thickness of the building board 1
desired. The vertical fibre body 51 has an approximately ridge-
like cross-sectional form with a basic or ridge beam 53 and tooth
extensions 52 protruding at a right angle away from them and
ending freely, formed the same here with end faces 521. In this
case also, uniformly shaped notches or tooth spaces 54 are placed
between the tooth extensions 52, which ultimately form the
vertical cavities 6 in the vertical fibre layer 5 according to
Fig. 1. The ridge beam 52 has a width bb, the tooth extensions
52 have the width bz and the tooth spaces 54 between them the
width br. Optionally, the just noted widths bb, bz and br can
be the same. The overall cross-sectional area of the wood mass
of the vertical fibre body 51 is designated with Qm. The width
of the vertical fibre body strips 510 is here designated with bl
and equal to the width bv of the vertical fibre body 51 shown in
Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 shows (with otherwise the same reference characters) shows
a vertical fibre body strip 510 with its vertical lateral sides
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511, present in association with additional similar vertical
fibre body strips 510, formed with several ridge-like vertical
fibre bodies 51 which are each joined together over their tooth
end faces 521 and their basic beam 53. The vertical fibre strip
510 is joined on both sides with similar vertical fibre strips
510, optionally with the insertion of a stiffening or reinforcing
strip 7 each, said vertical fibre strips as a whole forming the
vertical fibre layer 5 of the new building board 1.
By joining the vertical fibre bodies 51 to form the vertical
fibre body 510, the tooth spaces 54 of the vertical fibre bodies
51 (as shown in Fig. 2) form the vertical cavities 6 here having
an elongated rectangular cross section. The ratio of its
longitudinal side to its broadside is, for example, in the
extreme (1:10) to (1:1) and advantageously about (2:3) to (3:4).
With respect to an especially preferred method for producing the
vertical fibre layer 5 of the new building boards 1 or the
vertical fibre body 51 provided for forming it within the scope
of the present invention, which is distinguished by its high
economic efficiency, Fig. 4 provides further details in
association with Figs. 2 and 3 (with the same reference
characters):
Fig. 4 shows several longitudinally extending wood beams 58 which
are arranged above one another, each connected on the top and
bottom adjoining one another to form a strip body 580, into each
of which a number of parallel longitudinal grooves 60 have been
milled corresponding to the cross sectional form of the
individual vertical fibre body 51 shown in Fig. 2, in a prior
first procedural step I not shown separately here.
By means of cuts S extending at a right angle to the longitudinal
direction of extension lb of the grooved beams 58, each
corresponding to the desired thickness of the vertical fibre
layer 5 in the building board 1, at the same distance as from one
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another, the beams 58, which are fist provided with the grooves
60 are divided into the individual vertical fibre body strips 510
in a second step II, as shown in Fig. 3, even if still
temporarily in another position.
In the transition from the second step II to the third step III
of the manufacturing process, these vertical fibre body strips
510 are turned by 90 into the position of Fig. 3 and a number of
them arranged in a row beside one another. Together with the
reinforcing strips 7 each arranged laterally between them, the
vertical fibre body strips 510 are glued together laterally on
both sides so as to adjoin one another and ultimately form the
vertical fibre layer 5. After gluing its lower side, the
vertical fibre body strips 510 thus joined to form the layer 5
are placed on the lower covering layer 4 made of wood and bonded
to it.
It is especially effective for the case that reinforcing strips
are to be provided in the vertical fibre layer 5 to proceed in
such a manner that, before the strip body 580 in the vertical
fibre body strips 510 thereon is opened, a board whose thickness
corresponds to the thickness of the desired reinforcing strip 7,
and with grains extending at a right angle here, is glued to the
strip body 580. Vertical fibre body strips 510 are obtained by
the cuts S, also in vertical direction, which are also connected
with the reinforcing strip, resulting together with it from the
cut S, at least on one side.
Finally, in step IV, the upper covering layer 3 is attached from
the other, here upper side, after the upper side of the vertical
fibre body layer 5 has been glued, after which all the
aforementioned components are joined under the application of
pressure and perhaps heated to form the complete building board
1.
Figs. 5 to 7 show another type of production of the new vertical
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fibre body layer 5 with the otherwise same reference characters:
In a first step, in the same manner as in Figs. 3 and 4, parallel
grooves 60 are worked into longitudinally extending strips,
boards, beams 58 or the like in longitudinal direction and grain
direction, the grooved beams 58 thus obtained are then glued
together, side by side, i.e. not on top of one another, but
beside one another, as will be shown directly in the following
Fig. 6, so that the grooves 60 of said beams are open toward one
side, toward the top in Fig. 6. A wood board which covers the
open grooves 60 of the adjacent grooved beams 58, can then
perhaps be glued onto the freely upwardly protruding tooth
extensions 52 or onto their ends 521, the grain of said wood
board being at a right angle to the run of the grooves 60, from
which ultimately the reinforcing strips 7, as previously
described, would be produced, as indicated in Fig. 7 by broken
lines.
According to Fig. 6, this does not occur, however, cuts S which
extend at a right angle to the run of the grooves 60 are made in
the grooved beams 58 which are bonded side-by-side and on the
whole form an essentially board-like strip body 580, as
symbolized by a saw blade in Fig. 6, and the strip body 580 is
opened in this way into the individual vertical fibre body strips
510.
Subsequent thereto, as indicated by an arrow between Figs. 6 and
7, the vertical fibre body strips 7 are tilted by 90 and are
then deposited adjacent to one another on the first covering
layer 4, namely such that they each adjoin one another in the
arrangement tooth extension 52 of a strip 510 / ridge beam 53 of
the adjacent strip 510, whereby the vertical fibre layer 5 is
simultaneously bonded to the lower covering layer 4. Finally,
the vertical fibre layer 50 is glued on the upper side and the
second, i.e. here upper covering layer 3 attached to it and
bonded to it, usually by means of (hot) press under pressure.
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With otherwise the same reference characters, Fig. 8 shows, in
a diagonal view, the formation of a wall element 9 with two
building boards 1 and 1' which adjoin said wall element and
function as facing, in particular as heat-insulating boards, as
described above.
The two building boards 1, 1' are stabilized in position at a
distance from one another, whereby the space 90 between them is
traversed by spacer elements 91 which are uniformly distributed,
bridge them and essentially adjoin the building boards 1, 1' here
functioning for the first time as planking boards on the inside,
said spacer elements 91 here being formed with tubular pieces,
made e.g. of plastic. Reinforcing bars 92 are installed in the
spaces 90.
On the inside, the building boards 1, 1' can be provided with a
moisture-repelling, yet preferably steam-permeable adhesion-
promoting layer 19, e.g. based on epoxy resin with a sanding.
Light-weight concrete 95, for example, is then poured into the
spaces 90 between the two building boards 1 and 1', whereby the
spacer tubular pieces 91 remaining free on the inside are recast
and the concrete 95 binds to the building boards 1, 1' forming
the so-called one "lost boarding".
After the concrete 95 has hardened, a wall piece provided with
finished heat and sound insulating facing boards 1, 1' on both
sides or a finished wall element 9 of this type is obtained. On
the outside, the boards 1, 1' can also be provided with a coating
carrier 181, e.g. with a coating net, or directly with a finished
coating 18.
The design of the spacer elements 91 as tubular pieces that are
empty on the inside has the advantage that steam diffusion can
occur there diagonally through the wall 9. Of course, any other
type of spacer element 9 can also be used.
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With otherwise the same reference characters, Fig. 9
schematically shows the actual procedure in on-site construction
of a wall or wall piece 9' corresponding the the wall element
shown in Fig. 6. It is shown there that the two building boards
1, 1' , which first serve as sheathing boards and finally form the
facing of the wall piece are held in position on the outside
against deformation, in particular bulging, by means of
supporting beams 901 and 902 or the like and continuous screw
shafts 903 with butterfly nuts 904, before the space 90 between
the boards 1 and 1' housing the reinforced irons 92 is filled
with concrete 95.
With otherwise the same reference characters, Fig. 10
schematically shows the production of a cover 9" by pouring the
cover 9" with concrete 95 on an again "lost boarding" formed
according to the invention, supported by means of screw bolts 905
and supporting beams 901 after the reinforced irons 92 have been
laid. After solidification thereof, the support construction
901, 905 is removed and a finished concrete cover 9", provided
e.g. with a sound insulation or acoustic lining on the ceiling.
With otherwise the same reference characters, Fig. 11 shows a
further wall element 9"' which is formed with a building board
1 and conventional gypsum boards 190 bonded to it on both sides.
Instead of the gypsum boards 190, highly fireproof fire-retarding
mineral fibre boards can be attached and a wall with F90 fire-
retarding effect can be produced in this way.
The two covering layers 3, 4 are themselves immediately formed
with the gypsum board 190 or the like in the building board 1
which is constructed even more simlayer and can be used directly
as such e.g. as a partition element 91 (shown in Fig. 12 with
otherwise the same reference characters).
With otherwise the same reference characters, Fig. 13 shows a
CA 02596138 2007-07-27
.w ,
- 21 -
wall element 9 formed with three building boards 1, 1' i" which
are arranged parallel to one another at a distance from one
another, in which spacer elements 91 are arranged in the two
spaces 90 between two boards 1, 1', 1" each, said spacers 91
bonded together e.g. from several vertical fibre bodies 51 which
are shown in principle in Figs. 1 and 2, and designed
appropriately simpler.
With otherwise the same reference characters, Fig. 14 shows a
building board 1 made as an acoustic of sound-absorbing facing
board for acoustically neutral areas, said building board
differing above all from the building board 1 shown e.g. in Fig.
1 in that the same continuous, here oval sound-absorbing openings
41 are made in the covering layer 4 facing the sound generator,
which releases the access of the sound to the vertical fibre
layer 5 visible due to the openings 41 with the vertical cavities
6 which are here functioning as sound-absorbing cavities that
nullify sound energy by the multiple reflection.
With otherwise the same reference characters, Fig. 15
schematically shows an embodiment of the new building board 1
designed and usable as a modular board heating element 9 1 or
directly as a heating unit or the like:
Copper heating pipes 76 or plastic heating tubes, through which
a heating medium, e.g. hot water, can flow, are here placed in
grooves 75 having an appropriately sized cross section on the
upper side of correspondingly wide reinforcing strips 7 of the
vertical fibre layer 5. The heating medium is, for example,
brought to the desired preliminary temperature by means of
electrical heating elements and circulated through the heating
pipes 76 by means of an electrically operated pump.
The building board designed in this way for heating purposes can
be developed alone or together with further heating building
plates 9 1 of this type to form a type of furnace body having any
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shape desired and with, for example, a tile covering on the
outside, which is either designed "self-sufficient" and mobile
and requires only one branch connection, plug cable or the like,
or is attached via pipes or tubes to a heating thermal spring and
supplied by it with heating medium.
These can also be heating plates for hot pressing which are
highly heat-insulated toward the back and supplied with heat by
means of a medium which is heated higher or by electrical heat
conductors that are essentially built in the same way as the
heating building boards 9 1 just described; these heating plates
are used e.g. for veneer pressing in the wood-processing and
furniture industry.
Furthermore, with otherwise the same reference characters, Figs.
16 and 17 show photo-like 1:1 pictures of building boards 1 which
are partially stripped of their upper covering layer 3 and free
the view onto the vertical fibre layer 5.
In the embodiment of Fig. 16, the vertical fibre bodies 51 are
formed from elongated individual elements bonded together,having
vertical cavities 6 that are made therein and a U-shaped cross
sectional design Qh, whereby two rows each of these individual
elements are joined and an intermediate strip 7 is fastened
between two individual elements joined in this way and here
"symmetrically" arranged to one another.
In the variant according to Fig. 17, vertical fibre bodies 51,
which each have protruding "teeth" on both sides and vertical
cavities 6 each with a rectangular cross section Qh formed
between them, thus having a more or less "double ridge" cross
sectional design, form the vertical fibre layer 5. In this case
also, "vertically grained intermedite strips" 7 are also
fastened between these vertical fibre bodies 51 daigonally to the
reinforcing strips 7.
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With otherwise the same reference characters, Figs. 18 to 20
schematically show an especially preferred type of production of
an advantageous embodiment of the new building board 1, inter
alia, for economical production reasons:
The fundamental module for the vertical fibre layer 5 of the new
building board 1 shown here are advantageously elongated boards
58', as shown in Fig. 18, into which parallel grooves 60' which
each have the same cross sectional form, in this case
parallelepiped, which are milled in direction of extension of the
wood grain 55'.
Several of these boards 58' are placed "side by side", with their
longitudinal sides 55' adjoining one another, on a thin-layered
strip plate 700' , provided ultimately for forming the reinforcing
strips 7 of the building board 1, in a first-partial layer TL1,
see Fig. 19, whereby a lateral bonding of the boards 58' to one
another on the longitudinal side and their flat bonding to the
strip plate 700 is ensured by corresponding application of an
adhesive.
A second, similar partial layer TL2 of grooved boards 58' is
bonded to the first partial layer TL 1 of grooved boards 58',
whereby however the lateral sides 55' of the boards 58' of the
partial layer TL2 are laterally offset vis-a-vis those of the
boards 58' of the partial layer TL1.
A third partial layer TL3 of boards 58' are bonded to the second
partial layer TL2 and finally, to the same, a strip plate 700
similar to the aforementioned lower strip plate 700 having the
same grain direction.
A sandwich board 580' is then obtained, which is divided by
parallel cuts S (symbolized by a saw blade), to form vertical
fibre body strips 510' which are laterally flanked by reinforcing
half-strips led at a right angle to the run of the grooves 60'
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and for the longitudinal extension and the grain of the boards
58' in the partial layers TL1, TL2 and TL3 and in direction of
the grain of the strip plates 700', spaced equidistantly as from
one another.
After a corresponding 90 degree swing of the "three-layer"
vertical fibre body strips 510 thus formed, they are attached to
the lower covering layer 4 adjacent to one another with their
reinforcing (half) strips 7', whereby the vertical fibre body
strips 510 are glued thereto and via which reinforcing half-
strips 7' flanking them are formed while forming reinforcing
strips 7.
Finally, the core or vertical fibre layer 5 forming the flat bond
of the second covering layer 3 to the core or vertical fibre
layer 5, which is formed with all of the vertical fibre body
strips 510, forms the building board 1.
With otherwise the same reference characters, Fig. 21 shows an
advantageous embodiment of a supporting or girder element 1"
built according to the same principles as the building board just
described. A vertical fibre layer 5 formed with vertical fibre
body strips 510 is formed in the same way as in the building
board 1 according to the invention between two lateral covering
layers 3 and 4 which are here each formed with at least two
layers of wood, with the grain oriented at a right angle to one
another, whereby a stiffening strip 7 is here not arranged
between each vertical fibre board strip 510, but only after each
second one. The direction of its grain is both vertical to the
direction of the grain in the vertical fibre layer 5 and also to
the direction of the grain in one of the two layers of the two
covering layers 3 and 4.
The new support element 1" differs from the previously described
"conventional" building board 1 in that it has a predominantly
longitudinal extension in one direction and that the load,
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tension or the like thereof does not occur in direction of the
grain in the vertical fibre layer 5, but at a right angle
thereto.
Fig. 22 schematically shows a curved embodiment of the new
building board 1. In this case, the vertical fibre body strips
510 are arranged adjacent to one another along the generator of
the lower covering layer 4 curved convexly upward in the manner
of a cylinder jacket surface in such a way that they contact one
another along their lower longitudinal edges.
Due to the convex curvature of the contact surface which this
covering layer 4 offers, wedge-like or gusset-like longitudinal
spaces 560 form between the vertical fibre body strips 510 that
extend along them, expanding upward, which do not however, as was
unexpectedly shown, exert any negative influence on the
mechanical and other properties of the curved new building board
1, as described here, as long as its wedge angle is in the range
of up to about 5 . The vertical fibre body layer 5 is covered
toward the top with a second covering layer 3 which is curved
accordingly and bonded to it.
The spectrum of the use of the new building board 1 is
substantially expanded, in that it can be especially well adapted
to architectural detail solutions with this curved embodiment.
