IONIZATION OF HYDROCARBON FUEL MOLECULE BY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES (LASER) PROVIDING IONIZATION ENERGY IN THE FORM PHOTONS TO CONVERT CHEMICAL ENERGY OF FUEL MOLECULE INTO ELECTRICALENERGY

PROCEDE D'IONISATION DE MOLECULES DE COMBUSTIBLE HYDROCARBONE AU MOYEN D'ONDES ELECTROMAGNETIQUES (LASER) FOURNISSANT L'ENERGIE D'IONISATION SOUS FORME DE PHOTONS, A DES FINS DE CONVERSION DE L'ENERGIE CHIMIQUE DES MOLECULES DE COMBUSTIBLE EN ENERGIE ELECTRIQUE

English Abstract

Hydrocarbon fuel is exposed to laser (electromagnetic wave) of specific
wavelength in
absence of air to ionize fuel molecules. Hydrogen atoms in fuel molecule
become positively
charged hydrogen ions due in the process of ionization by electromagnetic
waves. The
hydrogen ions are passed through a proton exchange membrane to atmosphere
where it
combines with oxygen in the air to form water molecules. The positive charge
of hydrogen
ion is carried by proton exchange membrane in to electrical circuit. Free
electrons generated
in the process of ionization are collected by metal electron collector cathode
which carries
the electrons in electrical circuit.
The ionization of fuel is carried out in magnetic field which drives positive
ions toward proton
exchange membrane and electrons in opposite direction toward electron
collector cathode.
The process of ionization energy is to molecule in the form of laser
(electromagnetic waves).
The ionization energy breaks the C-H bond to make hydrogen ions.

The proton exchange membrane and metal electron collector are connected to
each other
through an electrical circuit through which electrical current flows due to
potential difference
in electrons and protons.
The molecular energy of hydrocarbon fuel is directly converted to electrical
energy in the
circuit without combusting fuel.

Description

CA 02610584 2007-11-15
Global Merchant Corp
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Description:
Hydrocarbon fuel is passed through a chamber container of insulator material
like glass
shown as 1 in the drawings. The chamber container has proton exchange membrane
on
one side shown as 6 in the drawings. A metal electron collector is on the
other side of
container chamber shown as 5 in the drawing (opposite side of membrane)
An array of laser sources shown as 3 is on top side of the container. Laser
beams incident
on fuel is shown as 10 in the drawings.
Container 1 has an air vent shown as 7 in the drawings. Whenever fuel is
passed through
the container, the air in the container goes out through vent 7.
A fuel level sensor, shown as 8 in drawings, is set in air vent 7 to sense
fuel level. The
sensor sends signals to electronic controller that controls laser on and off
positions and fuel
flow.
The lasers are switched on by the controller circuit, only after fuel level
reach upto sensor 8,
This ensures immersion of lasers in fuel, avoiding contact of laser with fuel
with air (oxygen).
This avoids immediate oxidation of fuel ( burning) .
The container has a set of permanent magnets shown as 4 in the drawings. These
magnets
create a magnetic field inside the container. This field direct positive ions
toward proton
exchange membrane and electrons toward metal electron collector.
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CA 02610584 2007-11-15
Global Merchant Corp
250-656-4436
The fuel is filled in to container through inlet shown as 2 and fuel (with
carbon) is drained out
through outlet 9.
When fuel level reach sensor 8, the lasers (number of lasers as decided by
user, control
shown as 12 in drawings, user can choose the number of lasers to be used
according to
requirement of cell output).
The laser sources emit lasers wavelength 109 nanometer, (far ultraviolet
band). At this
wavelength an energy of a photon is 1.805 x 10"1$J (calculations given in
following pages)
A photon of this energy breaks C-H bond in hydrocarbon fuel molecule since the
shared
electron in bond absorbs the energy of photon and sets itself free leaving
behind a
Hydrogen ion and carbon. Now,
Energy of an electron in C-H bond + Energy of photon = Total energy of
electron.
Total energy of electron is equal to ionization energy of the isolated
hydrogen atom.
Since fuel is in magnetic field generated by magnets shown as 4, positive
electrical charges
(i.e. hydrogen ions) are directed toward proton exchange membrane 6. The
electrons are
directed toward metal electron collector.
The electrons collected by metal electron collector flow through electrical
circuit that
connects the proton exchange membrane and metal electron collector through an
electrical
load like a light bulb, a motor or a battery that is charged.
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CA 02610584 2007-11-15
Global Merchant Corp
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The fuel is sent out through outlet shown as 9. This fuel contains some carbon
which is
released during process of ionization. The fuel is filtered and again is sent
back to chamber.
(Not shown in drawing)
When hydrogen forms a bond with carbon atom, the shared electron has energy in
the
bond.
The energy in one C -H bond is 0.3699 x 10-1$ J / bond.
An electron has energy in chemical bond which is not sufficient to become a
free electron.
Hence to ionize the H atom, the amount of external energy is provided which is
equal to the
difference between the bond energy of C-H bond and ionization energy of the H
atom.
b Ionization energy - Bond energy = Catalytic quantum
* (2.1749 x 10-'$) J/ atom - (0.3699 x 10"'$) J/ CH bond = 1.805 x 10"1$ J/
atom
Thus, the external energy provided is 1.805 x 10"1$ J / H atom.
I.e. per C-H bond since each bond has one hydrogen atom.
The energy is to be provided in the form of electromagnetic waves. The
wavelength of the
electromagnetic wave is 1090 A unit. i.e. 109 nanometer
An electron in C-H bond has only 17% (0.3699 x 10-1$) of the ionization energy
(required to
become a free electron). Remaining 83% (1.805 x 10"1$ J) energy is provided by
laser.

CA 02610584 2007-11-15
Global Merchant Corp
250-656-4436
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------
Energy in C - H bond + External catalytic quantum = ionization energy H + ion
17 % 83 % 100 % and electron `e'
j Energy for ionization
Energy for use
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------
The catalytic quantum of energy provided to electron is again retrieved from
electrons. It is
used again by laser to extract the energy in the electrical form.
Since laser uses 83% of total output of cell which is catalytic quantum,
energy efficiency of
laser is key point in the process.
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Global Merchant Corp
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Calculations
Caloric Value of CH4 (methane) is 55700 kJ / kg.
Molecular weight of methane (CH4) is {(12 x 1) + (1 x 4)} = 16
Since CH 4 delivers 55700 kJ/ Kg => 55700 J/g
One mole of methane delivers 55700 J x 16 = 891200 J/ mole.
Each mole contains 6.023 x 1023 molecules,
Energy delivered per molecule is = (891200 / 6.023 x 1023) J
= 1.4796x 10'1$J
Each molecule of CH 4 has four C-H bonds
Hence one C- H bond has energy (1.4796 x 10"'$) / 4 = 0.3699 x 10"18 J
i.e. one C-H bond breaks to release energy equal to 0.3699 x 10"18 Joule
------------------------- A
Ionization energy of an isolated Hydrogen atom is 1310 kJ / mole => 1310000 J
/ mole
Hence ionization energy per atom is (1310000 / 6.023 x 1023) J / atom
= 2.1749 x 10"18 J/ atom ------------------------B
From A ...... one C-H bond has energy equal to 0.3699 x 10"1$ j
From B....... one H atom needs 2.1749 x 10"18 J to get ionized.
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CA 02610584 2007-11-15
Global Merchant Corp
250-656-4436
To ionize H atom in a CH bond (to extract an electron), amount of energy
provided
extemally in the form of photon should be equal to difference between
ionization energy of
Hydrogen atom and bond energy of C-H bond.
i.e. Catalytic quantum of energy = ionization energy - C-H bond energy
= (2.1749 x 10-1$ - 0.3699 x 10"18) J/ C-H bond
Catalytic energy quantum = 1.805 x 10-1$ J/C-H bond.
Catalytic energy provided extemally enables a shared electron in C-H bond to
escape from
bond leaving behind an H+ ion and carbon.
Extemal energy (catalytic quantum) is provided in the form of electromagnetic
wave.
Energy of wave = 1.805 x 10"1$ J
Since, Energy of a wave = h x f
(h = Plank's constant = 6.625 x 10"34 and f is frequency of wave in cycles per
second)
1.805 x 10-1" J = 6.625 x 10-34x frequency of wave
Frequency of wave = 1.805 x 10"1$/ 6.625 x 10"34
Frequency of wave = 2.724 x 1015 cycles per second.
Speed of electromagnetic wave is 2.97 x 108 m/s
Therefore wavelength = ( 2.97 x 108 / 2.724 x 1015 ) m.
= 1090 x 10"10 m= 1090 A. = 109 nanometer
Wavelength of the wave used to provide catalytic energy quantum is 109
nanometer.
8

CA 02610584 2007-11-15
Global Merchant Corp
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In the drawings
Drawing page 1
A Electrical Circuit
B Laser Source
C Magnetic field
D Laser Beam
E Free electrons
F Proton exchange membrane
G Water molecule formed out side membrane
H Hydrogen Ions
J Electrical Storage Device (Battery)
Drawing page 2, 3, & 4
1. Container Chamber
2. Fuel Inlet
3. Laser Source
4. Magnets
5. Metal electron collector (Cathode)
6. Proton Exchange membrane
7. Air vent
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Global Merchant Corp
250-656-4436
8. Fuel level sensor
9. Fuel outlet
10. Laser incident on fuel

CA 02610584 2007-11-15
Global Merchant Corp
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As shown on drawing page 1,
A laser is powered by battery J. The laser ionizes fuel molecules generating
H+ ions and
free electrons. The ions and electron pairs are collected respectively by
proton exchange
membrane shown as F and Metal electron collector shown as K.
Electricity flows through circuit (shown by green lines) charging battery J
The laser source consumption is 83 % of the charge generated by cell through
circuit Laser
connections are shown by pink lines.
Balance 17 % of the charge is available through circuit shown by blue lines
for utilization like
lighting a bulb or running a motor.
Here energy used by laser is given to electrons and again is returned to
battery through
electrical circuit. The energy used by laser plays catalytic role in ionizing
the fuel molecules
and extracting the bond energy of C-H bond.
Energy in C - H bond + External catalytic quantum = ionization energy H + ion
17 % 83 % 100 % Energy for ionization
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Global Merchant Corp
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Energy for use
Magnets generating Magnetic field are shown as L on drawing page 1
In Drawing pages 2, 3& 4
A container chamber (1) shown by green line houses an array of eight lasers
(3) on top side.
The chamber has one inlet (2) and one outlet (9) for passing fuel through the
chamber.
The chamber is fitted with three magnets (4) inside as shown in drawings.
These magnets
generate magnetic field in side the chamber through which ionized fuel passes.
The chamber has on air vent (7) on top side with fuel level sensor (8) in the
vent. The
sensor sends signals to laser controller and fuel flow controller when fuel
reaches level of
sensor. The lasers are switched on only after fuel level reach up to sensor
(8).
The chamber has proton exchange membrane (6) on one side and a metal electron
collector
(5) on the other side of the chamber as shown in drawings.
As fuel passes through chamber, and lasers are put on, the laser beam ionizes
fuel
molecules generating Hydrogen ions, electron and carbon. The hydrogen ions are
pushed
toward proton exchange membrane and electrons are pushed toward metal electron
collector.
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CA 02610584 2007-11-15
Global Merchant Corp
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The hydrogen ion gains an electron from membrane and combines with oxygen in
the air to
form a water molecule.
The proton exchange membrane is connected to positive terminal of battery and
metal
electron collector is connected to negative terminal of the battery.
The electrical charge developed on metal electron collector and proton
exchange membrane
flow through electrical circuit that charges the battery.
Here though lasers are powered by battery that is charged by fuel. It ensures
that the
chemical energy of fuel is converted efficiently than Internal Combustion
engines as energy
is directly converted in to electrical energy.
In above process the energy efficiency of the laser should be more than 90 %
since it uses
part of the energy.
However wherever possible, lasers can be powered by non conventional energy
sources like sunlight or windmills.
As an example in attached file, Ionization_Calc_.xis, Octane, C8H18 ( 2,2,4
Tri-methyle
pentane), is taken as fuel for calculation.
This process can be done for hydrocarbon fuels like methane, butane, propane,
pentane,
etc. since C-H bond is common in all hydrocarbon fuels.
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Representative Drawing