Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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ENHANCED SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR
MANAGING FINANCIAL MARKET INFORMATION
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates generally to financial market information systems and,
more particularly, to a system and method for providing, manipulating, viewing
and
acting upon financial market information.
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BACKGROUND
In recent years, electronic financial market information and trading systems
have gained a widespread acceptance. For example, electronic trading systems
have
been created which facilitate the trading of financial instruments such as
stocks,
bonds, currency, futures, or other suitable financial instruments. Many of
these
electronic trading systems use a bid/offer process in which bids and offers
are
submitted to the systems by a passive side. These bids and offers are hit and
lifted (or
taken) by an aggressive side. For example, a passive trader may submit a "bid"
to buy
a particular number of thirty-year U.S. Treasury Bonds at a given price. In
response
to such a bid, an aggressive trader may submit a "hit" in order to indicate a
willingness to sell bonds to the first trader at the given price.
Alternatively, a passive
side trader may submit an "offer" to sell a particular number of the bonds at
the given
price, and then the aggressive side trader may submit a "lift" (or "take") in
response to
the offer to indicate a willingness to buy bonds from the passive side trader
at the
given price. In such trading systems, the bid, the offer, the hit, and the
lift (or take)
may be collectively known as "orders." Thus, when a trader submits a bit, the
trader
is said to be submitting an order.
In general, financial market information systems typically display various
pieces of information related to a particular financial market. The pieces of
information are usually displayed in separate windows or screens on a monitor.
Comparative information, to the extent it is provided, is offered in one or
two
dimensions. For example, it is common for financial information systems to
display
two-dimensional graphs of information relating to the market for a single
financial
instrument. Further, if a user of the system wishes to conduct electronic
trading based
on the information, the trading activity is typically initiated in a trading
application
separate from the application providing the financial market information.
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SUMMARY
This invention relates generally to financial market information systems and,
more particularly, to a system and method for providing, manipulating, viewing
and
acting upon financial market information. Some embodiments relate to systems,
software, and/or graphical user interfaces for the display of market
information and
options that allow a user to make transactions based on that market
information.
In at least one embodiment, a system is provided for displaying financial
market information. The system includes a computer having a memory to receive
and
store financial market information. The computer also has a display and a
processor
operable to process the financial market information and to execute software
to
generate a graphical depiction of the financial market information on the
display. The
graphical depiction has a multidimensional representation, in at least three
dimensions, of market information for at least two financial instruments. The
graphical depiction resides in a single window on the display, and at least a
portion of
the displayed fmancial market information is dynamically updated in real-time.
In another embodiment, software is provided, which is executable by a
processor and operable to generate a graphical depiction of financial market
information on a display. The graphical depiction includes a multidimensional
representation, in at least three dimensions, of market information for at
least two
financial instruments. The graphical depiction resides in a single window on
the
display, and at least a portion of the displayed financial market information
is
dynamically updated in real-time.
In another embodiment, software is provided, which is executable by a
processor and operable to generate a graphical depiction of financial market
information on a display. The graphical depiction includes a three-dimensional
representation of market information for at least two financial instruments.
The
graphical depiction includes a first component of dynamic, real-time market
information in one dimension, and a second component of market information in
a
second dimension. Representations of the at least two financial instruments
are
arranged along a third dimension.
The invention has several important technical advantages.
Various
embodiments of the invention may have none, some, or all of these advantages.
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Among other things, certain embodiments of the invention provide real-time
information for financial instruments (e.g., fixed income securities) in a
manner and
presentation such that the viewer of the display receives an integrated and
easily-
understood view of currently updated prices, yields, transactions types and
sizes, bid
and offer prices, market direction, prevalence of buying and selling interest,
price
trends and key security relationships and interrelationships. The viewer is
provided
with the ability to focus on an aggregate measure and retrieve its specific
underlying
numeric components. This is accomplished in a single display or window in such
a
way that the single display may give access to a broad array of information
that might
otherwise require numerous contiguous display windows. Additional information
not
previously available is provided in a comprehensive graphical format. This
simultaneously facilitates the capability to submit a bid to purchase, offer
to sell, or to
execute a transaction in, each of the securities. The invention also supports
display of
raw market information with simultaneous mathematical calculations,
sophisticated
quantitative analytical studies, and 24-hour worldwide transaction capability.
The
invention facilitates the presentation of financial market information to a
user and
enables the user to improve the level and speed of understanding that
information as
compared with known systems. The invention also increases the efficiency of
managing the financial market information, as well as the speed and efficiency
of
transactional activity relating to the financial instruments associated with
the
information.
Viewing the real-time characteristics of a group of financial instruments in a
comprehensive and interactive visual display permits market participants to
understand numerous variable and quantitative market dynamics instantly and
with
precision, including relationships both within the market for a single one of
the
financial instruments, relationships between the markets for any two or
several of the
instruments, and comprehensively for the entire group of instruments. The
system
enables market participants to more effectively execute transactions in any of
the
instruments through interaction with the same display that is depicting the
market
information. In addition to facilitating the reading of the quantitative
information, the
display format and other tools summarize and characterize key market dynamics,
providing a simplified framework for a substantially enhanced comprehension of
real-
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time market characteristics and complexities simultaneously with the ability
to
execute transactions electronically in the respective instruments.
Certain embodiments provide a user interface that is easier and more efficient
to use. Certain embodiments facilitate the rapid selection and retrieval of
information
5 by presenting a graphical multidimensional representation of market
information for
financial instruments in a single window. Certain embodiments provide a
graphical
user interface that enables users to execute information associated with
financial
instruments represented by the multidimensional representation. Such
embodiments
are providing a new input tool. Certain embodiments of the invention relate to
the
manufacture and/or production of a display or a report, such a display or
report having
a graphical multidimensional representation of market information for two or
more
financial instruments. The report is a product that may be a printed document
or an
electronic document.
In certain embodiments there is provided a graphical depiction that includes a
first portion representing completed trading activity and a second portion
representing
current market conditions, such as potential market activity. By displaying
such a
graphical depiction in a single window a user is able to simultaneously view
both
completed and current market conditions. This is achieved without the user
taking
further action (such as opening further windows). In this way the mental and
operational burdens on the user are reduced and the user can act more quickly
since
he is required to take fewer steps to view the information he requires.
In certain embodiments, the invention provides for the display of a
multidimensional representation of market information for at least two
financial
instruments. By doing so, the current invention provides for a technically
more
reliable system compared to the prior art. This is because the number of
queries that
are necessary by a user and the number subsequent replies supplied by the
system will
be reduced. Since data is provided as a multidimensional representation there
is more
data available to the user in a single display and there will be less of a
need for the
user and system to perform further operations to obtain required data or to
complete
an order. Fewer required operations results in a smaller the risk of a failure
or delay
in an operation. Such failures or delays may be caused by peaks in data
traffic over a
network.
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An embodiment of the invention provides a default base combination of
displays designed to answer all the immediate questions of a user such as
current
prices, volumes etc. The provision of such a default that predicts a user's
questions
has a number of technical advantages. The default makes efficient use of the
display
space available on a GUI (so called display "real-estate"). Since the answers
to the
most likely questions are made readily available, then there is a reduction in
the use of
the available telecommunications bandwidth because the user is required to
interrogate the system less frequently to obtain the answers he needs.
Other technical advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent
to
one skilled in the art.
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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a more complete understanding of the present invention and for further
features and advantages, reference is now made to the following description,
taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGURE 1 is a block diagram depicting a system for managing financial
market information according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIGURE 2 is an example of a market presentation and an associated graphical
depiction for displaying financial market information in accordance with an
embodiment of the invention;
FIGURE 3 is an example of a market presentation and an associated graphical
depiction for displaying financial market information in accordance with an
embodiment of the invention;
FIGURE 4 is an example of a market presentation and an associated graphical
depiction for displaying financial market information in accordance with an
embodiment of the invention;
FIGURE 5 is an example of a market presentation and an associated graphical
depiction for displaying financial market information in accordance with an
embodiment of the invention;
FIGURE 6 is an example of a market presentation and an associated graphical
depiction for displaying financial market information in accordance with an
embodiment of the invention;
FIGURE 7 is an example of a market presentation and an associated graphical
depiction for displaying financial market information in accordance with an
embodiment of the invention;
FIGURE 8 is an example of a market presentation and an associated graphical
depiction for displaying financial market information in accordance with an
embodiment of the invention;
FIGURE 9 is an example of a market presentation and an associated graphical
depiction for displaying financial market information in accordance with an
embodiment of the invention; and
FIGURE 10 is an example of a traditional text-based display of financial
market information.
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In general, certain embodiments of the present invention are directed to
presenting financial market information to market participants. According to
some
embodiments, the invention provides, among other things, electronic displays,
which
__ seamlessly integrate the combination of raw data, value-added calculated
data, real-
time analytical values, graphical displays, and transactional capability,
permitting the
rapid comprehension and related decision making, market action and decision
support
required by the market participants. A system provides a means to view the
most
current and best available raw market data, reliable value-added calculations
and
__ analytical and statistical measurements within a framework utilizing
various visual
display techniques to provide a presentation of current market conditions and
dynamics for the securities that a trader or other market participant may be
interested
in either buying, selling, or assigning a price to for purposes of valuing
securities
currently held in portfolios. In some embodiments, the system further permits
the
__ user to execute transactions in such securities directly and instantly by
way of
interactivity with the display providing the market information.
Certain embodiments of the invention provide, among other thing, a system
for providing, to a market participant, a set of information and transaction
displays
that depict the current price and yield for one or more financial instruments.
Preferably, at least two financial instruments may be represented. Financial
instruments include any instrument that may be traded. Although certain
embodiments described herein refer to securities, the invention is not limited
as such.
By way of example only, financial instruments may include securities,
treasuries,
currency, futures, fixed-income assets, or other similar financial instrument
or assets
__ that have a value that changes in response to market conditions. A market
participant
may include a trader, market maker, analyst, investor, or any other user that
views the
information. The system also depicts the volume of buy and sell orders
including
individually-aggregated buy and sell orders that compose the gross volume of
securities currently available to buy and sell at the highest currently bid
price, and
__ lowest currently offered price, respectively described as the best-bid and
the best-offer
price. Preferably, this information is provided by a secure worldwide real-
time
electronic transaction network which aggregates active bids and offers for
multiple
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securities and facilitates the display of the most current and frequently
updated best-
bid and best-offer prices, as well as current transaction prices for such
securities.
Brief identifying information for each security identifies that security at
each
incidence of its location within the display. Preferably, all instances of the
information displayed for that security are real-time, simultaneous, and
actionable
through user interaction with an interactive transaction inquiry, submission,
and
execution dialogue window.
The aggregated current best-bid and best-offer orders may be referred to,
collectively, as the Active Market StackTM or simply the order stack. The
order stack
indicates stacked orders to execute at the current active market, or best
prices. Orders
comprising the order stack are preferably revealed by shading and highlighting
layers
in multidimensional (preferably three-dimensional) graphical depiction in a
window
on an electronic display, such is the monitor of a computer. The graphical
depiction
may be, for example, in the form of vertical bars. Although certain
embodiments
described herein refer to particular types and configurations of graphical
displays, the
invention is not so limited. Any suitable type of representation may be
utilized to
convey the subject financial market information including, without limitation,
pie
charts, bar charts, graphs, boxes, colors, gray scales, points, curves, lines,
or any other
geometric, textual, or pictorial representation of information. Further,
certain
embodiments may provide certain market information in multiple dimensions
(e.g., in
at least two dimensions), while other embodiments may provide market
information
in three, four, or more dimensions.
With respect to the referenced vertical bars, the cumulative height reflects
the
total aggregate size of the layers within the stacks. Similar vertical bars
preferably
will be arrayed horizontally and may denote the aggregate volume of current
buy and
sell orders at specific increments below the current best-bid price and above
the
current best-offer price. This collection may be referred to as a limit order
book.
Individually and collectively, the horizontally arrayed vertical bars
preferably will
give an immediate impression of the prevalence of buying and selling interest
on a
real-time, continual basis both at and surrounding the current active market
price.
Also provided are captions for each of the vertical bars, and cumulative tags
for each horizontal line of vertical bars, indicating the real-time data.
Current market
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prices, transaction prices, yields and volumes, and underlying prices at each
increment
of the limit order book are preferably provided so that all visually presented
market
characteristics are clearly labeled and numerically defined.
Also provided in horizontal alignment are charts denoting the price histories
5 for a given time period (preferably for a trading day) so as to provide a
continually-
updated context for current market levels, and a visual display indicating
price
direction for a predetermined number of transactions in each financial
instrument.
The charts and the trade direction histories, in one embodiment, are presented
in a
terrace-step format so as to clearly separate the information for each
security, whether
10 separated by sector or maturity.
The interactive visual displays presenting specific security information are
further surrounded by tabular and graphical display summaries of execution
prices,
calculated yields, high and low transaction prices including their times and
associated
yields, and a real-time updated display of the yield curve in graphical form
and
superimposed on prior days' histories.
A default base combination of these displays is designed to answer all
immediate questions of the market participant as to current prices, volumes,
prevalence of buying or selling interest, context within a given time period,
current
price direction within each maturity and across all securities as a group,
price
direction and a sense of coming short-term market direction. In addition, each
visual
display element is further constituted as an aggregate container for
underlying values
that can be retrieved by scrolling a cursor over the respective element. As
this is
done, the respective element's individual characteristics, whether components
or a
summary of its current state, can be viewed as the information is dynamically
updated.
In addition, individual displays for each security component of the display
are
available to permit the market participant to focus on the dynamics of the
particular
security or maturity sector. In these subordinate individual security
displays, visual
elements are preferably similarly highlighted to reveal their underlying
components
either in detailed numeric or status-summary form.
Preferably, any element of the display can be enlarged to highlight the
element
in greater detail. Also, the entire display can be rotated to permit optimal
viewing of
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the multidimensional elements. At any time, the rotated and enlarged displays
can be
toggled back to their original default position.
Clicking on any portion of the price, yield or volume listed for a given
security
preferably will open a transaction window permitting the trader or other
qualified user
to submit a bid to purchase, or an offer to sell, that security, or to execute
a transaction
in the security by accepting one of the existing bids or offers, or through
the electronic
matching of the bid or offer submitted by the trader to the fixed income
transaction
network with the bid to purchase or offer to sell of another trader or other
authorized
and qualified user of the financial transaction platform.
Also provided are security and authorization tools necessary to acquire and
maintain access to associated secure subscription services, financial credit
management services, and transaction management services.
An example embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 1, which is a block diagram
illustrating a market information management system 100 including one or more
displays 116. At a high level, system 100 is preferably provided as a
client/server
environment comprising at least one client 102, a server 104, and one or more
data
providers 106. Although this configuration is provided as an example, any
suitable
electronic configuration that performs the desired functionality may be
utilized. In
general, system 100 comprises a system for providing a market participant
using
client 102 with the ability to view a graphical depiction of financial market
information 118 for one or more financial instruments. Preferably, the
graphical
depiction is provided and viewable in a single window of display 116. The
market
information 118 may be received from a data provider 106 and stored in a
central
repository 110 on server 104.
For example, system 100 may comprise a market system that compiles U.S.
Treasury benchmark and non-benchmark instrument data, automatically presents
the
compiled instrument data to a trader via display 116, and dynamically
processes any
appropriate changes in market information 118. The term "automatically," as
used
herein, generally means that the appropriate processing is substantially
performed by
at least part of system 100. It should be understood that "automatically"
further
contemplates any suitable user interaction with system 100 without departing
from the
scope of this disclosure. The term "dynamically," as used herein, generally
means
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that certain processing is determined, at least in part, at run-time based on
one or more
variables.
Server 104 comprises any computer including a central repository 110 and
communicably connected to at least one client 102 and/or one data provider
106. For
example, server 104 may be a general-purpose personal computer (PC), a
Macintosh,
a workstation, a Unix-based computer, a server computer, or any other suitable
device. FIG. 1 only provides one example of computers that may be used. For
example, although FIG. 1 illustrates one server 104, system 100 can be
implemented
using computers other than servers, as well as a server pool. The present
disclosure
contemplates computers other than general purpose computers as well as
computers
without conventional operating systems. As used herein, the term "computer" is
intended to encompass a personal computer, workstation, network computer, or
any
other suitable processing device. Computer server 104 may be adapted to
execute any
operating system including UNIX, Windows, or any other suitable operating
system
so long as server 104 remains communicably connected to client 102. According
to
one embodiment, server 104 may be a remote web server. In short, server 104
may
comprise any computer with software and/or hardware in any combination
suitable to
present client 102 with market information.
Central repository 110 includes a variety of market information 118 from one
or more data providers 106. Central repository 110 comprises any physical or
logical
description of data storage operable to be defined, processed, or retrieved by
externally-implemented code. For example, central repository 110 may comprise
one
or more extensible Markup Language (XML) tables or documents. In another
example, central repository 110 may comprise a relational database described
in terms
of SQL statements or scripts, flat files, Btrieve files, or comma-separated-
value (CSV)
files. Central repository 110 may comprise a plurality of tables stored on one
server
104 or across a plurality of servers 104. Moreover, central repository 110 may
be
local or remote without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In short,
central
repository 110 is any data storage comprising at least a subset of market data
118 that
is communicably connected to at least one client 102.
Additionally, the present invention contemplates any suitable configuration
for
the storage of market information. For example, although FIG. 1 depicts a
central
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repository 110, market information 118 may be stored at any suitable location,
such as
on client 102.
Each client 102 is preferably a trading workstation or device operable to
present a market participant with display 116 via a graphical user interface
(GUI). At
a high level, illustrated client 102 includes GUI 112, memory 120 and
processor 125
and comprises an electronic computing device operable to receive, transmit,
process
and store any appropriate data associated with system 100. It will be
understood that
there may be any number of clients 102 coupled to server 104, as illustrated
by client
102a and client 102b. Further, "client 102" and "user of client 102" may be
used
interchangeably without departing from the scope of this disclosure. As used
herein,
client 102 is intended to encompass a personal computer, workstation, network
computer, kiosk, wireless data port, personal data assistant (PDA), one or
more
processors within these or other devices, or any other suitable processing
device. For
example, client 102 may comprise a computer that includes an input device,
such as a
keypad, touch screen, mouse, or other device that can accept information, and
an
output device that conveys information associated with the operation of server
104 or
clients 102, including digital data, visual information, or display 116.
Moreover,
client 102 may comprise a keyboard customized to match display 116, with each
key
mapped to a particular component, view, or functionality of display 116. Both
the
input device and output device may include fixed or removable storage media
such as
a magnetic computer disk, CD-ROM, or other suitable media to both receive
input
from and provide output to users of clients 102 through the display 116 by way
of, for
example, the GUI
The GUI may comprise a graphical user interface operable to allow the user of
client 102 to interface with system 100 to receive one or more sets of market
information from data provider 106. Generally, the GUI provides the user of
client
102 with an efficient and user-friendly presentation of data provided by
system 100.
The GUI may comprise a plurality of frames or views having interactive fields,
pull-
down lists, and buttons operated by the user. In one embodiment, the GUI
presents,
in a single window, a graphical depiction of the various market information
118 and
receives commands from the user of client 102 via one of the input devices. As
illustrated in more detail in FIG. 2A, and as will be described below in great
detail,
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according to certain embodiments, display 116 includes a graphical depiction
of a
series of limit order books and completed trading information for a plurality
of
financial instruments.
Display 116 may also be associated with a configuration file, module, or
dynamic link library (DLL) operable to store various dynamically configurable
or
selectable options and parameters. This configuration component may be a
distributed file that is managed by an administrator or manager, thereby
providing
centralized and consistent configuration for a plurality of market
participants. It will
be understood that "administrator" as used herein is any user with permissions
or
rights to dynamically configure options for display 116. In other words, each
market
participant may also be an administrator without departing from the scope of
this
disclosure. These parameters may be configured during run-time to allow for
swift
responses to changing trading, regulatory, or other industry conditions. In
short,
display 116 contemplates any graphical user interface, such as a generic web
browser,
that processes information in system 100 and efficiently presents the
information to
the user. Server 104 can accept data from client 102 via the web browser
(e.g.,
Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator) and return the appropriate
HTML
or XML responses using network 108.
Network 108 facilitates wireless or wireline communication between computer
server 104 and any other computer. Network 108 may communicate, for example,
Internet Protocol (lP) packets, Frame Relay frames, Asynchronous Transfer Mode
(ATM) cells, voice, video, data, and other suitable information between
network
addresses. Network 108 may include one or more local area networks (LANs),
radio
access networks (RANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks
(WANs), all or a portion of the global computer network known as the Internet,
and/or any other communication system or systems at one or more locations.
Client
102 includes interface 112 for communicating with other computer systems, such
as
server 104, over network 108 in a client-server or other distributed
environment. In
certain embodiments, client 102 receives market information 118 from network
108
for storage in memory 120. Generally, interface 112 comprises logic encoded in
software and/or hardware in a suitable combination and operable to communicate
with network 108 via link 114. More specifically, interface 112 may comprise
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software supporting one or more communications protocols associated with
communications network 108 or hardware operable to communicate physical
signals.
Memory 120 may include any memory or database module and may take the
form of volatile or non-volatile memory including, without limitation,
magnetic
5 media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM),
removable media, or any other suitable local or remote memory component. In
the
illustrated embodiment, memory 120 includes at least a market information
management application 130, local market data 132, and a transaction
application
134, but may also include any other appropriate applications and data, such as
a
10 configuration file for use by display 116 and application 130 and 134.
Applications 130 and 134 may include any hardware, software, firmware, or
combination thereof operable to receive and process market information 118,
present
it to market participants through display 116, and enable users to execute
transactions
associated with the financial instruments represented by the information
presented on
15 display 116. When loading or configuring display 116, application 130,
for example,
may first process the configuration file, whether local or remote, to
determine the
initial or default parameters of the graphical depiction(s) presented on
display 116.
Further, application 130 may receive and process requests from the market
participant
using client 102 via display 116. Trade application 130 may deny, ignore, or
communicate an error in response to certain requests based on the
configuration file.
It will be understood that while applications 130 and 134 are illustrated as
single
multi-tasked modules, the features and functionality performed by these
applications
may be performed by multiple modules such as, for example, a data retrieval
module
and a presentation engine. Moreover, applications 130 and 134 may comprise a
child
or sub-module of another software module without departing from the scope of
this
disclosure. In short, application 130 and 134 comprises one or more software
modules operable to provide any appropriate processing for presenting,
manipulating,
and acting upon market information 118 as described herein.
Local market data 132 stores one or more subsets of remote market data 118,
such as benchmark and non-benchmark instruments. Local market data 132 may
receive a copy of market data 118 through interface 112 or from another
process
running on client 102 as appropriate. As appropriate, local market data 132
may
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automatically, dynamically, or manually retrieve or receive market data 118
from
central repository 110 at any appropriate time. For example, management
application
130 may automatically retrieve a copy of market data 118 in central repository
110
upon initial execution. Further, local market data 132 may be of any suitable
format
including XML documents, flat files, comma-separated-value (CSV) files, SQL
tables, relational database tables, and any other format operable to store at
least one
subset of market data 118. It will be understood that local market data 132
may be in
a format different from the data in central repository 110 or communicated
market
data 118 so long as it is compatible with display 116 and may be processed by
applications 130 and 134.
Display 116 includes a window or windows, as appropriate, to present market
information to the user. In one embodiment, market information is presented to
the
user in a graphical depiction displayed in a single window. In another
embodiment, a
user may execute transactions in the depicted financial instruments by
interacting with
elements or objects displayed in the same window as the market information,
including interaction with components of the graphical depiction of the
information.
However, the invention is not so limited and contemplates the use of multiple
windows for displaying market information and/or executing transactions
corresponding to, or based on, the information.
Client 102 also includes processor 125. Processor 125 executes instructions
and manipulates data to perform the operations of client 102 such as, for
example, a
central processing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit
(ASIC) or a
field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Although FIG. 1 illustrates a single
processor 125 in client 102, multiple processors 125 may be used according to
particular needs, and reference to processor 125 is meant to include multiple
processors 125 where applicable. In certain embodiments, processor 125
executes
one or more processes associated with applications 130 and 134 to present
market
data 118 communicated from central repository 110 via data providers 106 and
to
enable a user to conduct transactions in the financial instruments represented
by the
market data 118.
Data provider 106 typically comprises a third party web server or an
enterprise
agent residing on a machine operable to communicate at least a portion of
market data
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118 for storage in central repository 110. It will be understood that data
provider 106
may be remote or local. Further, data provider 106 may represent a separate
process
running on server 104 or client 102 without departing from the scope of this
disclosure. Generally, data provider 106 is any hardware, software, or logic
operable
to provide system 100 with at least a subset of any appropriate market data
118.
System 100 may comprise any number of data providers 106, as illustrated by
data
providers 106a and 106b. For example, a plurality of data providers 106 may be
communicably daisy-chained off a master provider 106. Master data provider 106
may compile and verify substantially all of market data 118 and communicate
the
compiled market data 118 to server 104 upon request or at a scheduled time.
In one aspect of operation, applications 130 and 134 are executed and
initialized either automatically, such as when client 102 is powered up, or in
response
to a command from the user. Application 130 and 134 may determines a default
configuration and layout for display 116, retrieves the appropriate market
data for the
benchmark and non-benchmark instruments from central repository 110 and/or
local
market data 132, and generates the graphical depiction(s) presented in display
116
based on the default configuration and retrieved data. Application 130 and 134
processes the information presented in display 116 and/or the actions
initiated by the
user as appropriate.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, and by way of example only, an embodiment of the
present invention provides a market information presentation 200 to a user of
client
102. Components of presentation 200 are preferably displayed in a single
window on
display 116. However, components of presentation 200 may be displayed in
multiple
windows and/or on multiple displays without departing from the scope of this
disclosure.
More specifically, market presentation 200 preferably includes a graphical
depiction 201, which comprises a first portion 210 and a second portion 220.
First
portion 210 represents information regarding completed transactions, bids,
offers, or
any other activity in connection with the market(s) represented. As shown in
FIG. 2,
first portion 210 represents intraday trading activity. Second portion 220
represents
current market conditions and potential market activity, such as available
trading
opportunities. Collectively, first and second portions 210 and 220 present a
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multidimensional representation of market information for at least two
financial
instruments. Preferably, the entire graphical depiction 201 resides in (i.e.,
is viewable
in) a single window of an electronic display. Preferably, at least one first
and second
portions 210 and 220 reside in a single window. More preferably, both first
and
second portions 210 and 220 are viewable in the single window. Although the
single-
window display is preferably, the disclosure contemplates any other suitable
configuration, such as presenting certain portions of the graphical depiction
200 in
multiple, different windows.
First portion 210 includes a multidimensional object representing completed,
intraday, trading activity. First portion 210 is presented as a terraced, or
stepped,
three-dimensional object. Each step 211 represents a different financial
instrument.
In the example illustrated in FIG. 2, there are five steps 211 representing
the five
different U.S. benchmark treasuries, including 2-Year, 3-Year, 5-Year, 10-
Year, and
30-Year treasuries, respectively. It should be noted, as previously described,
that the
depiction 201 (and, for example, the steps 211), may represent any financial
instruments or any other asset or item that may be transacted on an electronic
exchange. Each step 211 includes a horizontal section 212 and a vertical
section 213.
Preferably, the horizontal section 212 is a horizontal plane having dimensions
in the x
and z directions. Preferably the vertical section 213 is a vertical plane
having
dimensions in the x and y directions. The various different financial
instruments are
represented by a progression of steps 211 in the z direction. In other words,
the
different financial instruments are arranged along the z dimension.
Each horizontal section 212 comprises various information displayed in the
form of a graph 214 superimposed on a grid 215. The grid 215 represents
transaction
price in z direction and time in the x direction. The graph 214 is a depiction
of
connected data points on the grid over a period of time. The example in FIG. 2
uses a
portion of the trading day as the time period. For example, FIG. 2 depicts a
time
period of from before 9:00 am to slightly after 3:00 pm. Any period of time
may be
represented, however, including minutes, hours, days, years, etc. Also,
multiple time
periods may be represented, such as a portion of one day and a portion of
another day.
More than one graph (not expressly shown) may be included in any given
horizontal
section 212. Each graph may represent different time periods or any other
suitable
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information, which may be desirable to present to a market participant. It
should be
noted that the representation of graph 214, or any other two-dimensional
graphic, may
be made three-dimensional (or with a greater number of dimensions) in order to
display even more information (such as size or volume in the case of graph
214).
Each vertical section 213 also represents completed trading information as
well. In FIG. 2, each vertical section 213 includes a tick strip 216, which is
an
indication of price direction for a predetermined number of trades, the price
direction
for each of the respective trades being represented by an indicator 217. The
tick strips
shown display price direction for ten trades, but any suitable number of
trades may be
used. Preferably, the number of trades represented by a tick strip is in the
range of
from five to fifteen. This provides a market participant with a manageable and
useful
number of previous price directions from which to draw conclusions about how
recent
price directions affect the decision to purchase or sell a particular security
associated
with the tick strip being viewed. More preferably, the number of indicators,
or ticks,
is in the range of from eight to twelve. The price direction is indicated by
the use of
different colors for each indicator 217. Although not expressly shown in FIG.
2, the
colors may include yellow for "no change," green for an "upward" price
direction,
and red for a "downward" price direction. However, any graphical
representation
may be used. For example, price direction might shown by upward and downward
arrows and flat bars for "no change." As another example, price direction may
be
indicated by gray-scale as oppose to colors. Alternatively, the price
direction
information may be represented by textual or numeric information.
Therefore, as shown, a graph 214 represents completed trading information
over a first period of time and a tick strip 216 represents completed trading
information over a second period of time. The second period of time is shorter
than
the first period of time and is a subset of the first period of time. Also, as
discussed,
the graph 214 represents price-amount information and the tick strip 216
represents
price-direction information. Thus, the graph and tick strips represent
different
information over different time periods.
Second portion 220 includes a plurality of multidimensional objects
representing the entire current market for the five benchmark treasuries.
Second
portion 220 comprises a plurality of instrument slabs 221. Each slab 221
represents a
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financial instrument. As shown in FIG. 2, there are five slabs 221
representing the
five benchmark treasuries. Preferably, each slab 221 corresponds with a step
211.
That is, a step 211 and a corresponding slab 221 both represent the same
financial
instrument.
5 Each
slab 221 has disposed thereon a series of 3D vertical bars 222. Each of
the vertical bars is known as a stack. The stack represents a volume of
security orders
(either for sale or for purchase) at a given price. A series of stack along a
given slab
is known as a limit order book for the particular security. Each slab has a
center point
223. The stack immediately to one side of center point (e.g., stack 224)
represents the
10 best-bid
price, or the best price for which users are willing to pay for the security.
The stack immediately to other side of center point 223 (e.g., stack 225)
represents the
best ask price, or the best price for which users are willing to sell the
security. The
center point may be known, therefore, as the best bid/ask, or BBA point. The
pair of
stacks straddling the BBA point may be known as the BBA stacks. Preferably,
the
15 BBA
stacks illustrate additional information in the form of layers. The layers
indicate
different order volumes in a queue at the best bid/ask prices, respectively.
However,
any vertical bar 222 may be configured in this manner.
Thus, second portion 220 includes a plurality of slabs 221, each of which
comprises a plurality of vertical bars or stacks 222 arranged along a given
dimension.
20 In FIG.
2, the stacks 222 for a given slab 221 are arranged along the x dimension.
Similar to first portion 210, the various different financial instruments are
represented
by a progression of slabs 221 in the z direction.. In other words, the
different
financial instruments are arranged along the z dimension. As represented by
stacks
222 price information is provided in the x direction and volume information is
provided in the y direction. As shown in FIG. 2, the price information for
each stack
222 is provided numerically superimposed on the respective slabs 221, below
the
respective stacks 222.
Market presentation 201 may also include certain collateral information. As
shown in FIG. 2, presentation 201 includes yield curve indicator 202, trade
status
indicators 203, and quote board 204. Yield curve indicator 202 shows yield
curve
information for the plurality of financial instruments. As shown in FIG. 2,
yield curve
information is shown for the five benchmark treasuries. Although only one
curve is
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shown, the indicator 202 may show multiple curves representing multiple time
periods.
Trade status indicators include trade state indicators 205 and BBA instrument
quotes 206. Trade state indicators 205 are displayed when the particular
security is in
a trade state. The trade state indicator provides information such as price
information,
volume information, and hit/take information. Hit/take information indicates
whether
the trade was a hit or take (i.e., a sale at a best-offer price, or purchase
at a best-bid
price, respectively).
Quote board 204 displays current market quote information. In other words,
board 204 displays instrument type information (such as 2Y or 3Y treasury),
last price
information (including a hit/take indication), price change information, yield
information, high price/yield/time information, and low price/yield/time
information.
FIGURES 3 and 4 illustrate additional aspects of the graphical depictions
contemplated by various embodiments of the present invention. For example, as
shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, there is hidden information embedded within the
graphical
depiction 301. The information is preferably viewable by scrolling a cursor
over a
certain object to cause a dialog box to be presented. For example, as shown in
FIG. 3,
scrolling the cursor (not expressly shown) over a stack may cause a box 302 to
be
displayed. Box 302 contains information such as instrument type, bid price,
yield,
and volume. The box 302 information is the type of information that would
preferably be available for a non best-bid/ask stack. Similar information
would be
available for the ask stacks (i.e., the stacks representing securities being
offered for
purchase), except that an ask price would be provided instead of a bid price.
Scrolling the cursor over best-bid/ask stacks produces boxes such as box 303.
Box 303 includes information such as instrument type, offer price, yield,
aggregate
volume, and incremental volumes. The incremental volumes represent the
respective
volumes of each order within the queue of the stack for a single price. For
example,
in box 303, the incremental volumes are 10, 8, 5, 5, and 2 respectively. The
aggregate
volume is the sum of the incremental volumes. For example, in box 303, the
aggregate volume is 30. Similar information would be displayed in a box
corresponding to a best bid stack, except that the bid price instead of the
offer, or ask,
would be displayed.
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Another example of an information box is box 304, which corresponds to a
stack while the instrument is in a trade state. Box 304 displays information
such as
instrument type, hit/take, price, yield, volume, and price direction.
Similar
information is displayed in box 305 except the hit/take indication is "take,"
because
the trade-state stack that corresponds to box 305 is among the offer orders of
the
respective limit order book as opposed to the bid orders.
It should be noted that hidden information may be provided in varying levels
as desired. Multiple layers may be accessed by "drilling down," for example,
to more
and more detailed layers. Hidden information may be viewed in any number of
configurations such as the illustrated boxes. Other possible configurations
include
such things as pop-up windows, scroll bars (at the bottom of the screen for
example),
and audio files. Hidden information, once accessed, may remain on the screen
until
affirmatively re-hidden, may remain for a predetermined period of time, or may
return
to a hidden status as the cursor leaves the object associate with the hidden
information. The disclosure contemplates any routine by which hidden
information is
at least initially accessed to be made viewable, and any routine by which the
information returns to a hidden state.
In FIG. 4 there is illustrated an example of certain information that may be
"broken out" from the base graphical depiction (such as graphical depiction
201 or
301). For example, slab 421 and its associate limit order book have been
broken out
and displayed in FIG. 4. The market presentation 400 shown in FIG. 4 also
includes
yield curve 402, quote board 404, instrument quote 406 and trading indicator
412.
Indicator 412 corresponds to a top-down view of the horizontal section of one
of the
steps of the first portion of a graphical depiction (e.g., horizontal section
212).
Any portion of the graphical depiction and collateral information shown in a
market presentation may be zoomed, enlarged, broken out, rotated, another
otherwise
manipulated in order to provide the user with different views of the various
pieces of
information being illustrated in the respective market presentation.
According to an aspect of certain embodiments, transactions in the financial
instruments are enabled. A transaction is accomplished by taking an
appropriate step
or steps to execute transaction application 134 shown in FIG. 1. The trigger
to engage
the transaction application can be any suitable trigger, such as clicking on
an icon,
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typing a textual command, pressing a predetermined key or series or
combination of
keys, and issuing a verbal command to system 100. In at least one embodiment,
market presentation or graphical depiction (e.g., market presentation 200 or
depiction
201) provide interactive transaction capability. Accordingly, the user may
execute a
transaction directly from the market presentation display window. This may be
accomplished, for example, by scrolling the cursor onto a best-bid/ask stack
and
clicking a mouse. Then, application 134 presents a transaction dialog box for
the user
to complete additional information relating to the transaction. A confirmation
window would provide the user with the opportunity to confirm the hit or take.
According to another aspect, the application 134 and interactive display
window
cooperate to allow the user to place bid or ask orders.
FIGURE 5 comprises of a screen shot showing a graphical depiction of market
information for five financial instruments in a single window on the display.
FIG. 5
includes a yield curve indicator with multiple curves for five benchmark
treasuries.
Each individual curve represents a different time period: today, a week ago, a
month
ago, and a year ago. The invention, however, is not limited to these four time
periods.
Instead, a user may customize the time periods according to their own needs.
In another embodiment, a display may also depict market information for
futures. The futures information may be graphically depicted in a manner
similar to
that shown as example embodiments in FIG. 2-4. The futures information may be
shown for multiple futures, or a combination of futures and treasuries (or
other
combinations of financial instruments).
Thus, referring to FIG. 2, a graphical depiction includes steps 211 and slabs
221. One or more of these steps and slabs may be replaced with similar steps
and
slabs representing futures instead of the treasuries indicated in FIG. 2. The
information for the futures instruments can include any information desirable
for
analyzing the futures market and conducting transactions in the futures
market. An
example of this can be seen in FIG. 6. Instead of showing five financial
instruments,
all of the same class, the graphical representations of the 2-Year, 3-Year,
and 5-Year
treasuries have been substituted with futures. Thus, the user is capable of
analyzing
the intraday price/yield activity for different financial instruments
simultaneously and
in the same window.
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The system also can display comparative information such as basis
information. Basis information can include information illustrating the
relationship
between cash (e.g., treasuries) instruments and futures instruments.
Comparative
information can also include curve swap information. Curve swap information
includes information illustrating the relationship between at least two
instruments of
the same type, but having different maturities. Comparative information can
also
include Trade Differences information and Summed Net Change information.
According to another aspect of certain embodiments, the graphical depiction
can be manipulated to "break out" certain displayed information and present
that
information in a different format. For example, a user may select certain
limit order
books (represented by slabs and their associated market stacks) and display
only the
selected instruments. As another example, the user can alter the arrangement
of the
instruments being depicted, such that the user can more easily view and
compare
certain instruments that are of interest to the user. In FIGURES 7 and 8, the
market
data for intraday activity is not restricted to a single window. The three-
dimensional
graphical representation of the futures and treasury data is conveniently
displayed in
one window while the quote board and yield curve indicator, each of which can
be
separately closed or manually turned off, are each displayed in their own
windows.
Moreover, as seen in both FIG. 7 and 8, additional windows can be opened up to
display more in-depth market info. For instance, FIG. 7 depicts how graphs for
both
the 1OF future and 10Y treasury can be individually selected by the user,
allowing
them to be analyzed side-by-side over the same time period.
As another example, the user may select multiple instruments and have certain
information relevant to those instruments displayed in a different format,
such as a
two-dimensional format. An example of this possible representation of
information is
shown in FIG 9. In that screen shot there is displayed an intraday trading
line graph
for a 1OF future and a 10Y treasury. There is also shown an intraday trading
line
graph comparing the selected future with the selected treasury. Also shown are
price
trend indicators (e.g., tick strips) for the future and the treasury as well
as two-
dimensional representations of associated market stacks. Also shown are two-
dimensional graphical, numerical, and bar chart indicators of basis
information.
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To the contrary of FIGURES 1-9, which show market data presented in three-
dimensional representations, FIG. 10 depicts market data in two dimensions.
The
information displayed may result, for example, from a user selecting a
particular
section or area within one of the three-dimensional representations described
herein.
5 For
instance, by selecting a particular one or more stacks from a three-
dimensional
representation, the user may view additional detail regarding those stacks.
Other aspects may also be included as follows. For example, in another
embodiment, the invention can require a user to be authenticated in order to
see the
full range of data content and features provided by the market presentation.
Each
10 feature
can be given a permission set, whereby the number of permissions allowed for
each user is associated with each user's login or other access code or
information.
These permission sets can be checked upon each login by a user. When a
different
user logs into the system, the previous features can be cleared, allowing the
system to
check the new user for the features they are authorized to access. The user's
access
15
information may be any information including, for example, the user's email
address.
This access information may be connected to additional user information, some
of
which includes: name, email address, phone number, account number, and firm
name.
Another embodiment allows the user the ability to generate summary reports and
also
to "force off" an individual or group of clients.
20 In
another embodiment of the invention, various features of the application
may be displayed in separate windows or attached to a single window. Thus, a
user is
provided with full flexibility and to maximize screen real estate. A user will
be able
to arrange the screen layout so as to customize it. At least six display
objects are
available with this embodiment. These display objects include a navigation
control
25 window, a Quote Board, Yield Curve, HTML window to display information
available in FIS and CVP, and two instances of Limit Order Books which include
history graphic and associated information. These objects are capable of
detaching
and floating as separate windows whereby a user can arrange the windows on the
screen as desired. A user may also show/hide or open/close each window.
Furthermore, the invention will save the user's preferences for window
arrangement
displayed on the screen. This allows a default window arrangement to be
displayed
when a user logs into the program.
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In another version of this embodiment, the six display objects discussed above
may be attached, allowing them to be displayed in one window. In this
embodiment,
a user may not have the ability to change the placement of the objects within
the
window; but, they are able to show/hide or open/close each object inside that
window.
Additionally, each window has windows control to minimize, restore, and close.
A further embodiment allows for default settings. If a user has permission for
both Treasury and Futures instruments, the system will automatically open with
one
window displaying a 2x2 market view including the 5Y, 5F, 10Y, and 1OF
instruments. A second window will display a focus view with 10Y and 1OF and
the
basis information. By contrast, if the user has authorization to only view
United
States Treasuries, the invention will automatically open up displaying a five
instrument market view containing United States treasuries. A second window
will
open displaying a focus view with 2Y and 10Y treasuries. The Quote Board will
display the five United States Treasury Benchmarks, while the Yield Curve will
display Yield Curve Change.
In one embodiment of the invention, a user, through the navigation control
window, is able to access all features, control window placement, and control
instrument selection. Through instrument selection, a user can arrange the
Limit
Order Boards, allowing them to modify any instruments. This allows the user to
select instruments individually, or select standard settings for treasuries
and/or
futures. By selecting a standard setting for treasuries, the system may
automatically
select, depending on user preference, either the five United States Treasury
Benchmarks or four Treasuries (2Y, 5Y, 10Y, and 30Y) or some other combination
of
treasuries. By selecting the Futures setting, the invention may automatically
select the
four Futures contracts. The instrument selection also allows a user to arrange
the
view including size of window. Additionally, the display can be presented in a
3x3 or
2x3 view, or some other derived configuration.
A further embodiment allows a user to select a display of Yield Curve or Yield
Curve Change. For Yield Curve Display, a user may select the number of
historic
curves to display. Additionally, a user may group instruments by either type
(Cash,
Futures) or maturity (10Y Cash with 10Y Future).
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In another embodiment, a user can select contract month for each future and
manipulate the price formatting for each individual market data. In another
embodiment, when a trade occurs, the color of the respective price column(s)
can
change to a predetermined Trade State color. The Trade State color may be
based on
a timer, the length of which is a user preference, unless another trade occurs
prior to
the end of timer.
In another embodiment, for intraday trade data, the invention can store trade
history, show Display Price data only in Trade Graph, and display the Open,
High,
Low, Close values in the Quote Board. Furthermore, contracts should roll
automatically to active month on the day preceding First Notice Day. This
embodiment allows a user to view the front two contract months and view
calendar
contracts, contracts that trade the two calendar months. A further embodiment
allows
the details of the Trade State to be displayed, thus communicating to a user
the
likelihood of price movement following the trade execution. Trading can be
visually
displayed through the stack, showing Unfilled Size and Excess Buy or Sell
Order.
This feature is seen as an outline (wire frame) of the available Volume of the
Best
Bid/Ask (BBA) column prior to the market entering Trade State. This allows a
user
to understand the total available quantity that remains at the Best Offer
during Take or
Best Bid during Hit. As Trade Volume increases, the volume frame representing
the
original Best Bid/Offer may be filled in with darker color used to represent
Trade
State. If the Buy or Sell Order Volume exceeds the BBA Volume available prior
to
Trade State, a layer in the color of the Bid above the Take/Ask column
Executed
Volume is displayed to show Buy Order Excess, or a layer in the color of the
Ask
above the Hit/Bid column Executed Volume is displayed to show Sell Order
Excess.
In a further embodiment, the user is allowed to change the color of all
Bid/Ask
volume columns to the Hit/Take color for all price levels that are included in
the
trade. Trading Through The Stack may be (for example) allowed up to three
levels,
that is, two Bid/Ask price increments above/below the BBA.
In another embodiment, the system is capable of displaying basis information.
In certain embodiments, information is the relationship between Cash and
Futures
instruments. Basis types differentiate in conversion factor input and screen
display.
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The conversion factor may be equal to a published value set by an exchange and
carried on the system's data feed. Features for Basis may include Trade
Differences,
wherein the Basis is derived each time either market trades, and summed Net
Change
Graph, the difference between the Net Change in Cash and the Net Change in
Futures.
Trade differences can be throttled to calculate only each time either market
has a prior
change. For summed Net Change Graph, the changes may be based on the same
closing time; but, a user may have the option to apply the conversion factor
weight to
the Net Change. In another embodiment, instrument names change four times per
year as the front future contract rolls. This occurs about twenty days prior
to contract
expiration. While some embodiments may show markets in 32nds and 2/4/6, one
embodiment will display in decimal format (i.e., 32.25/32.50/32.75/32.00). The
Quote Board may include the four basis instruments with the ability to choose
which
instruments a user wants to display.
Another embodiment allows both Cash and/or Futures to be displayed in
three-dimensional views. The display allows up to six instruments to be viewed
(3x3
view). A user can select from various templates, thus allowing them to
customize
their display. Some of these templates include the ability to display a 3x3
view of two
groups of three Limit Order Book slabs and historical graphs with a space
between
them, or a 2x2 view of two groups of three Limit Order Book slabs and
historical
graphs with a space between them. The templates also include a default 3x3
view
(2Y, 5Y, 10Y Cash and 2F, 5F, 1OF Futures) and a default 2x2 view (5Y, 10Y
Cash
and 5F, 1OF Future). A user is also provided with the option to reverse order
slabs.
Another embodiment allows a user to change views. The Limit Order Book
can be displayed vertically and Intraday Tick Graphs or Limit Order Books can
be
displayed simultaneously. This allows a user to choose two markets to display
in the
Focus View. Additionally, at least two Tick Strip can be displayed vertically,
the
BBA tag can be placed to the right of the Limit Order Book, and the instrument
label
may be placed at the top of the Limit Order Book slab. Another view allows the
spread between the two instruments as defined in Basis and Curve Swaps (T-
Swaps)
to be viewed in a Display Chart.
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Another embodiment allows a user to select and view the Yield Curve or
Yield Curve Change graph. The Yield Curve change graph shows the differences
between the current value and the curve over a certain period (e.g.,
yesterday, a week
ago, a month ago, and a year ago). Each Curve can be color coordinated to
match the
time period the curve represents. The Yield Curve Change graph may include a
legend, allowing a user to see which time period each color represents. The
Yield
Curve Change graph includes a Proportional Curve, ensuring the distances
between
the Benchmarks on the axis are proportional. Moreover, a zero line,
representing no
change, is clearly marked. A user has the option to either view Yield Curve
Change
graph, the Yield Curve graph, or hide the graph. The graph color corresponds
to the
colors used in current Yield Curve. By showing the net change of the curve
rather
than mere values, a user is able to see curve movements clearly. Additionally,
it
removes the manual process to post historic values. In a further embodiment, a
user is
allowed to select time comparison curves to be shown, e.g., overlay, T-1 day
and T-1
month graphs.
In another embodiment, the Quote Board provides full quote information,
allowing a user to depend exclusively on this application and not require a
separate
application to display a quote page in a format with which they are familiar.
Thus,
Futures, Basis, and Market-view data are added to the existing Quote Board. In
the
Quote Board, a user may group together data in one column or multiple columns.
The
Quote Board may be arranged to fit a user's preferences. The Quote Board is
detachable with its own window controls. Additionally, when a user changes
session
preference, the Open, High, Low, Close and Net Change values should all change
to
the selected session. A further embodiment allows a user to normalize Limit
Order
Books for all instruments. Additionally, a user can normalize the Limit Order
Book
for orders (e.g., for one Benchmark only or according to other derived
criteria).
Another embodiment allows a user more intuitive access to the user
preferences dialog menu. This may be accessed by a mouse click. The preference
dialog menu allows font control, a View Selection tab allowing a user to
activate drop
down lists to select contract month (thereby instructing all Futures
instruments to use
the same contract month), and Limit Order Book tab to set time or duration for
CA 02611000 2015-05-25
coloring of Trade State on Futures. A further embodiment allows a short cut
menu to
be accessed by clicking on any of the display's windows. This simplifies the
use of the
system by allowing simple access to the preferences of specific elements.
Moreover, a further embodiment of the present invention allows two instances
5 of the invention to be accessed at the same time. Additionally, the
invention can derive
History of Basis given infrequent trades and provide trade history of
financial
instruments within specific marked exchanges.
Although embodiments of the invention and their advantages are described in
detail, a person skilled in the art could make various alterations, additions,
and
10 omissions without departing from the scope of the present invention as
defined by the
appended claims.
