Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Heteroaryl-substituted amides comprising a saturated linker group, and their
use as
pharmaceuticals
The present invention relates to N-alkylamides of the formula I,
O
R3iX~ iA~N)\ ~
Het 1 R I
R2
in which A, Het, X, R1, R2 and R3 have the meanings indicated below, which
modulate the transcription of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase and are
valuable
pharmacologically active compounds. Specifically, the compounds of the formula
I
upregulate the expression of the enzyme endothelial NO synthase and can be
applied in conditions in which an increased expression of said enzyme or an
increased NO level or the normalization of a decreased NO level is desired.
The
invention further relates to processes for the preparation of compounds of the
formula I, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising them, and to the use of
compounds of the formula I for the manufacture of a medicament for the
stimulation
of the expression of endothelial NO synthase or for the treatment of various
diseases
including cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis,
coronary
artery disease, hypertension and cardiac insufficiency, for example.
Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS, NOS-III) belongs to a group of three isoenzymes
which produce nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide, NO) by oxidation of arginine.
Endothelially released NO is of central importance in a number of key
cardiovascular
mechanisms. It has a vasodilating effect and inhibits the aggregation of
platelets, the
adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium and the proliferation of intimal
smooth
muscle cells.
Endothelial NO synthase is subject to physiological and pathophysiological
regulation
both at the transcriptional and at the post-transcriptional level. Enzyme
already
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2
present in the endothelium may undergo calcium-dependent and calcium-
independent activation through phosphorylation of specific amino acids, but
also by
direct interactions with specific proteins. Stimulators of this, usually
transient, NO
release are extracellular arginine, 170-estrogen and the mechanical stimulus
exerted
on the luminal surface of the endothelium by the blood flow (shear stress).
The latter
additionally leads to regulation of eNOS at the transcriptional level. Thus,
for
example, Sessa et al. (Circ. Research 74 (1994) 349) were able to obtain a
marked
increase in eNOS by means of exercise training and the increase in shear
stress
associated therewith.
Whether regulation at the post-transcriptional level is relevant in vivo, has
not been
unambiguously proven. Thus, for example, administration of a high arginine
dose is
followed by only a transient improvement in the endothelium-dependent
vasorelaxation in patients with coronary heart disease.
On the other hand, the significance of the upregulation of the eNOS protein is
scientifically accepted. Thus, there are findings which show that the
protective
properties of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin can be attributed,
besides
to the lipid lowering, also in part to an increase in eNOS expression in vivo
(Endres et
al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95 (1998) 8880). It is additionally known that
single
point mutations in the 5'-flanking region of the eNOS gene ("eNOS promoter"),
and
the reduction in the rate of eNOS gene transcription associated therewith, in
the
Japanese population is associated with an increase in the risk of coronary
spasms
(Nakayama et al., Circulation 99 (1999) 2864).
The current assumption therefore is that the transcriptional and post-
transcriptional
mechanisms of eNOS regulation are seriously disturbed in a large number of
disorders, especially in cardiovascular disorders. Even in very early stages
of a wide
variety of cardiovascular disorders it is possible for a dysfunction of this
type in the
endothelium lining the blood vessels to lead to a deficiency of bioactive NO,
which is
manifested as the disorder progresses in the form of measurable
pathophysiological
and morphological changes. Thus, critical steps in early atherogenesis are
speeded
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3
up by a decrease in endothelial NO release, such as, for example, the
oxidation of
low density lipoproteins, the recruitment and deposition of monocytes in the
intima of
vessels, and the proliferation of intimal cells. A consequence of
atherogenesis is the
formation of plaques on the inside of the blood vessels, which may in turn
lead,
through a diminution in the shear stress, to a further decrease in endothelial
NO
release and a further deterioration in the pathology. Since endothelial NO is
also a
vasodilator, a decrease thereof frequently also leads to hypertension which
may, as
an independent risk factor, cause further organ damage.
The aim of a therapeutic approach to the treatment of these disorders must
accordingly be to interrupt this chain of events by increasing the endothelial
NO
expression. Gene transfer experiments which lead in vitro to overexpression of
NO
synthase in previously damaged vessels are in fact able to counteract the
described
processes and are thus evidence of the correctness of this approach (Varenne
et al.,
Hum. Gene Ther. 11 (2000) 1329).
Some low molecular weight compounds which, in cell cultures, may lead to a
direct
effect on eNOS transcription and expression are disclosed in the literature.
For the
statins, as has already been mentioned, it has been possible to show such an
increase in eNOS in vivo as a side effect. In view of the known range of side
effects
of this class of substances, however, it is unclear how far use of this effect
can be
made in a toxicologically unproblematic dose. Liao et al. claim in WO 99/47153
and
WO 00/03746 the use of rhoGTPase inhibitors and agents which influence the
organization of the actin cytoskeleton for increasing eNOS in endothelial
cells and for
the therapy of various disorders such as, for example, strokes or pulmonary
hypertension without, however, indicating a specific way of achieving this.
Certain
amide derivatives which upregulate the expression of endothelial NO synthase,
in
particular N-cycloalkyl amides in which the cycloalkyl ring is fused to a
benzene ring
or a heteroaromatic ring, have been described in WO 02/064146, WO 02/064545,
WO 02/064546, WO 02/064565, WO 2004/014369, WO 2004/014372 and WO
2004/014842. Certain triaza- and tetraaza-anthracenedione derivatives which
upregulate the expression of endothelial NO synthase have been described in WO
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4
2004/094425. There still exists a need for further compounds which upregulate
the
expression of endothelial NO synthase and have a favorable property profile
and are
useful as pharmaceuticals for the treatment of various diseases such as
atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease or cardiac insufficiency, for
example.
Surprisingly it has now been found that the compounds of the formula I are
modulators of the transcription of endothelial NO synthase and in particular
stimulate,
or upregulate, the expression of eNOS, and are useful for the treatment of
various
diseases such as the mentioned cardiovascular disorders.
Certain compounds which are encompassed by the formula I have already been
described. In JP 2004-262890 compounds are described which inhibit the
synthesis
of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (= 20-HETE) from arachidonic acid and which
contain a substituted central benzene ring or pyridine ring. The central ring
carries a
heterocyclic group, which in the case of a central pyridine ring is present in
the 5-
position, and a further group of broad structural variety, which in the case
of a central
pyridine ring is present in the 2-position. Said further group can, among
others, be an
unsubstituted imidazolin-2-on-1-yl group, which is assumed to mean a 2-
oxoimidazolin-1-yl group, or an unsubstituted 2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl group which
are
linked to the central ring via an alkyloxy group. Compounds of the formula I,
in which
R' and R2 together with the N-CO group which carries them form a group of the
formula
O
N
i.e. compounds in which the group -N(R 2)-CO-R1 is a phthalimido group which
group
is also designated as 1,3-dioxoisoindol-2-yl group or 1,3-dioxo-1,3-
dihydroisoindol-2-
yl group or 1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl group, are described in a
number
of documents including DE 1913471, GB 1341375, US 5190589, US 5547972 and
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Lipinski et al., J. Med. Chem. 29 (1986) 2154. Such phthalimido compounds
commonly are intermediates in the synthesis of the respective compounds
containing
an amino group -NH2 using the Gabriel reaction, or are protected forms of such
amino compounds.
5
In other documents certain compounds comprised by the formula I are described
in
which R' and R2, together with the N-CO group which carries them, do not form
a
ring. For example, In US 5292732 1-(2-acylaminoethyl)pyrroles are described
which
are intermediates in the synthesis of monoamine oxidase inhibiting
pyrrolopyrazines.
In JP 44-29656 4-(w-acylaminoalkyl)isoxazoles are described which exhibit
analgesic, antitussive, antipyretic and antiinflammatory activity. In US
3655684 3-(2-
acylaminoethyl)-5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles are described which exhibit
anticonvulsant activity. Certain 3-cyanopyridines which carry an
oxaalkylamino,
aminoalkylamino, oxaalkyloxy, acyloxyalkylamino, acylaminoalkylamino or
acyloxyalkyloxy group in the 2-position and a pyridin-4-yl group or an
alkyloxy-
substituted phenyl group in the 5-position and which exhibit cardiotonic
activity,
including the specific compounds of the formula I in which A is the group
NH-CH2-CH2 the nitrogen atom of which is attached to the group Het, Het is a
pyridinyl group whose 2-position carries the group A and which is substituted
by
cyano in the 3-position, X is a direct bond, R3 is pyridin-4-yl which is
attached to the
5-position of the pyridinyl group representing Het, R2 is hydrogen and R' is
either
methyl or ethyl or pyridin-3-yl, are described in Hagen et al., Pharmazie 45
(1990)
343 and EP 200024. A stimulating effect of these known compounds of the
formula I
on the transcription or the expression of eNOS and their use in the treatment
of
diseases which is based on such effect, has not yet been described.
A subject of the present invention is a compound of the formula I,
O
R3iX~ N~ ~
Het 1 R 1
R2
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6
in which
A is chosen from -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2- and -Y-CH2-CH2-, wherein all CH2
groups can be substituted by one or more identical or different substituents
R4, and
wherein Y is chosen from 0, S and NR" and Y is bonded to the group Het;
Het is a 5-membered or 6-membered, monocyclic aromatic group which contains
one
or two identical or different hetero ring members chosen from N, NR13, 0 and S
and
which can be substituted by one or more identical or different substituents
R5;
X is chosen from a direct bond, CH2, 0 and NH;
R' and R2, together with the N-CO group which carries them, form a 4-membered
to
10-membered, monocyclic or bicyclic, saturated or unsaturated ring which, in
addition
to the ring nitrogen atom being part of the N-CO group, can contain one or two
further hetero ring members chosen from N, NR12, O, S, SO and SO2 which can be
identical or different, with the proviso that two ring members from the series
0, S, SO
and SO2 cannot be present in adjacent ring positions, wherein the ring formed
by R'
and R2 and the N-CO group which carries them can be substituted by one or more
identical or different substituents R8;
R3 is chosen from phenyl, naphthalenyl and heteroaryl which can all be
substituted
by one or more identical or different substituents chosen from halogen, (CI-
C4)-alkyl,
(Cl-C4)-alkyloxy-(Cl-C2)-alkyl-, OH, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy which can be substituted
by one
or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C2)-alkylenedioxy which can be substituted by one
or
more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C4)-alkylmercapto, NH2, (Cl-C4)-alkylamino, di((Cl-
C4)-
alkyl)amino, ((C1-C4)-alkyl)-CONH-, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((Cl-C4)-
alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((C1-C4)-alkyloxy)carbonyl-, COOH, CONH2, CN, CF3,
H2NSO2-
and (C,-C4)-alkyl-S02-;
R4 is chosen from P-C4)-alkyl and fluorine;
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R5 is chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy-(Cl-C2)-alkyl-, OH,
(Cl-C4)-
alkyloxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-Ca)-
alkylmercapto, NH2, (Cl-C4)-alkylamino, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)amino, ((Cl-Ca)-
alkyl)-
CONH-, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((Cl-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((Cl-
C4)-
alkyloxy)carbonyl-, COOH, CONH2, CN, CF3 and (CI-C4)-alkyl-S02-;
R 8 is chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (C3-C+cycloalkyl-CnH2n-, phenyl-
CnH2n-,
heteroaryl-CnH2n-, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy-(Cl-CZ)-alkyl-, OH, oxo, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy
which
can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C2)-alkylenedioxy which
can
be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C4)-alkylmercapto, NH2, (Cl-
C4)-
alkylamino, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)amino, ((Cl-C4)-alkyl)-CONH-, di((Cl-C4)-
alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((CI-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((Cl-C4)-
alkyloxy)carbonyl-,
COOH, CONH2, CN, CF3, H2NSO2- and (C1-C4)-alkyl-SO2-, wherein all phenyl
groups
and heteroaryl groups can independently of each other be substituted by one or
more
identical or different substituents chosen from halogen, (CI-Ca)-alkyl, CF3
and (Cl-
C4)-alkyloxy;
R" is chosen from hydrogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl and ((Cl-C4)-alkyl)-CO-;
R12 is chosen from hydrogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (C3-C7)-cycloalkyl-CnH2n-, phenyl-
CnH2n-,
heteroaryl-CnH2n-, ((Cl-C4)-alkyl)-CO-, (C3-C7)-cycloalkyl-CnH2n-CO-, phenyl-
CnH2n-
CO-, heteroaryl-CnH2n-CO-, ((CI-C4)-alkyl)-O-CO- and phenyl-CnH2n-O-CO-,
wherein
all phenyl groups and heteroaryl groups can be substituted by one or more
identical
or different substituents chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, CF3 and (Cl-C4)-
alkyloxy;
R13 is chosen from hydrogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl and phenyl-CnH2n-, wherein the
phenyl
group can be substituted by one or more identical or different substituents
chosen
from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, CF3 and (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy, where all groups R13
are
independent of each other and can be identical or different;
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8
heteroaryl is a 5-membered or 6-membered, monocyclic aromatic group which
contains one, two or three identical or different hetero ring members chosen
from N,
NR13, 0 and S;
n is 0, 1 or 2, where all numbers n are independent of each other and can be
identical or different;
in any of its stereoisomeric forms or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in any
ratio, or
a physiologically acceptable salt thereof;
provided that the group -N(R 2)-CO-R1 cannot be an unsubstituted 2-
oxopyrrolidin-1-yl
group or an unsubstituted 2-oxoimidazolin-1-yl group if simultaneously the
group
R3-X-Het- is a group of the formula
R90
N
in which the bond via which the group is connected to the group A is depicted
by the
line starting in the 2-position of the pyridine ring, and in which R90 is
chosen from
imidazol-1-yl, isoxazol-5-yl, isothiazol-5-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, pyrazin-2-
yl and pyrazol-
3-yl which can all be substituted by (Cl-C4)-alkyl, and which can be
substituted in the
pyridine ring by up to four substituents chosen from (Ci-C4)-alkyl, (Cl-C4)-
alkyloxy
and halogen;
and provided that the group -N(RZ)-CO-R' cannot be a 1,3-dioxoisoindol-2-yl
group of
the formula
O
-N
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9
in which the bond via which the group is connected to the group A is depicted
by the
line starting at the nitrogen atom.
Another subject of the present invention is the use of a compound of the
formula Ia
O
R3iX~, iA~N/~ ~
Het 1 R la
R2
in which
A is chosen from -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2- and -Y-CH2-CH2- wherein all CH2
groups can be substituted by one or more identical or different substituents
R4, and
wherein Y is chosen from 0, S and NR" and Y is bonded to the group Het;
Het is 5-membered to 10-membered, monocyclic or bicyclic, aromatic group which
contains one or more identical or different hetero ring members chosen from N,
NR13,
0 and S and which can be substituted by one or more identical or different
substituents R5;
X is chosen from a direct bond, CH2, 0, S, NH and N((Cl-C4)-alkyl), or X is
absent
and in this case the phenyl, naphthalenyl or heteroaryl group representing the
group
R3 is fused to the group Het;
R' and R2 are independently of each other chosen from (CI-Clo)-alkyl, (C3-C10)-
alkenyl, (C3-Clo)-alkynyl, (C3-C1o)-cycloalkyl-CnH2n-, phenyl-CnH2n-,
naphthalenyl-
CõH2i- and heteroaryl-CnH2n-, and R2 can in addition be hydrogen, wherein the
groups (Cl-Clo)-alkyl, (C3-Clo)-cycloalkyl, (C3-Clo)-alkenyl and (C3-Clo)-
alkynyl can
all be substituted by one or more identical or different substituents R6, and
the groups
CnH2n can all be substituted by one or more identical or different
substituents chosen
from fluorine and (Cl-C4)-alkyl, and all phenyl, naphthalenyl and heteroaryl
groups
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can independently of each other be substituted by one or more identical or
different
substituents R',
or R' and R2, together with the N-CO group which carries them, form a 4-
membered
to 10-membered, monocyclic or bicyclic, saturated or unsaturated ring which,
in
5 addition to the ring nitrogen atom being part of the N-CO group, can contain
one or
two further hetero ring members chosen from N, NR12, 0, S, SO and SO2 which
can
be identical or different, with the proviso that two ring members from the
series 0, S,
SO and SO2 cannot be present in adjacent ring positions, wherein the ring
formed by
R' and R2 and the N-CO group which carries them can be substituted by one or
more
10 identical or different substituents R8;
R3 is chosen from phenyl, naphthalenyl and heteroaryl which can all be
substituted
by one or more identical or different substituents chosen from halogen, (Cl-
C6)-alkyl,
(Cl-C6)-alkyloxy-(Cl-C6)-alkyl-, OH, (Cl-C6)-alkyloxy which can be substituted
by one
or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C3)-alkylenedioxy which can be substituted by one
or
more fluorine atoms, P-C6)-alkylmercapto, NH2, (Cl-C6)-alkylamino, di((Cl-C6)-
alkyl)amino, (P-C6)-alkyl)-CONH-, ((C1-C6)-alkyl)-SO2NH-, di((Cl-C6)-
alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, (P-C6)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, (P-Cs)-alkyloxy)carbonyl-,
COOH, CONH2, CN, CF3, ((Cl-C6)-alkyl)NHSO2-, di((Cl-C6)-alkyl)NSO2-, H2NSO2-
and (Cl-C6)-alkyl-SOZ-;
R4 is chosen from P-C6)-alkyl, fluorine and oxo;
R5 is chosen from halogen, (Cl-C6)-alkyl, phenyl-CnH2n-, (C1-C6)-alkyloxy-(C1-
C3)-
alkyl-, OH, (Cl-C6)-alkyloxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine
atoms,
(Cl-C6)-alkylmercapto, NH2, (Cl-C6)-alkylamino, di((Cl-C6)-alkyl)amino, ((Cl-
C6)-
alkyl)-CONH-, di((Cl-C6)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((C1-C6)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-,
((Cl-
C6)-alkyloxy)carbonyl-, COOH, CONH2, CN, CF3, H2NSO2-, ((C1-C6)-alkyl)NHSO2-,
di((C1-C6)-alkyl)NSOZ- and (Cl-C6)-alkyl-S02-, wherein the phenyl group can be
substituted by one or more identical or different substituents chosen from
halogen,
(Cl-C4)-alkyl, CF3 and (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy;
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11
R6 is chosen from fluorine, OH, oxo, P-C6)-alkyloxy, (Cl-C6)-alkylmercapto,
di((Cl-
C6)-alkyl)amino, ((Cl-C6)-alkyl)-CONH-, di((Cl-C6)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((Cl-
C6)-
alkyloxy)carbonyl-, COOH, CONH2, CN and CF3;
R' is chosen from halogen, P-C6)-alkyl, (Cl-C6)-alkyloxy-(Cl-C3)-alkyl-, OH,
(Cl-C6)-
alkyloxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (C,-C3)-
alkylenedioxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C6)-
alkylmercapto, NH2, P-C6)-alkylamino, di((Cj-C6)-alkyl)amino, (P-C6)-alkyl)-
CONH-, di((Cl-C6)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((CI-C6)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((Cl-
C6)-
alkyloxy)carbonyl-, COOH, CONH2, CN, CF3, SF5, H2NSO2-, ((C1-C6)-alkyl)NHSO2-,
di((Cl-C6)-alkyl)NSO2- and (CI-C6)-alkyl-SO2-;
R 8 is chosen from halogen, (Cl-C6)-alkyl, (C3-C+cycloalkyl-CnH2n-, phenyl-
CnH2n-,
heteroaryl-CnH2n-, (Cl-C6)-alkyloxy-(Cl-C3)-alkyl-, OH, oxo, (CI-C6)-alkyloxy
which
can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C3)-alkylenedioxy which
can
be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (C,-C6)-alkylmercapto, NH2, (Cl-
C6)-
alkylamino, di((C1-Cs)-alkyl)amino, ((C1-C6)-alkyl)-CONH-, di((Cl-C6)-
alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((CI-C6)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((C1-C6)-
alkyloxy)carbonyl-,
COOH, CONH2, CN, CF3, SF5, H2NSO2- and (C1-C6)-alkyl-S02-, wherein all phenyl
groups and heteroaryl groups can independently of each other be substituted by
one
or more identical or different substituents chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-
alkyl, CF3
and (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy;
R" is chosen from hydrogen, (Cl-C6)-alkyl, (C3-C+cycloalkyl-CnH2n-, phenyl-
CnH2n-,
heteroaryl-CnH2n-, ((Cl-C6)-alkyl)-CO-, (C3-C+cycloalkyl-CnHzn-CO-, phenyl-
CnH2n-
CO- and heteroaryl-CnH2n-CO-, wherein all phenyl groups and heteroaryl groups
can
be substituted by one or more identical or different substituents chosen from
halogen,
(Cl-C4)-alkyl, CF3 and (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy;
R12 is chosen from hydrogen, (Cl-C6)-alkyl, (C3-C+cycloaIkyl-CnH2n-, phenyl-
CnH2n-,
heteroaryl-CnHZn-, ((C1-C6)-alkyl)-CO-, (C3-C+cycloalkyl-CnHZn-CO-, phenyl-
CnH2n-
CO-, heteroaryl-CnH2n-CO-, ((CI-C6)-alkyl)-O-CO- and phenyl-CnH2n-O-CO-,
wherein
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all phenyl groups and heteroaryl groups can be substituted by one or more
identical
or different substituents chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, CF3 and (Cl-C4)-
alkyloxy;
R13 is chosen from hydrogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl and phenyl-CnH2n-, wherein the
phenyl
group can be substituted by one or more identical or different substituents
chosen
from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, CF3 and (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy, where all groups R13
are
independent of each other and can be identical or different;
heteroaryl is a 5-membered to 10-membered, monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic
group
which contains one or more identical or different hetero ring members chosen
from
N, NR13, 0 and S;
n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, where all numbers n are independent of each other and can
be
identical or different;
in any of its stereoisomeric forms or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in any
ratio, or
a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament
for the
stimulation of the expression of endothelial NO synthase and for the treatment
of a
disease in which such a stimulation, or an increase in NO level, is desired,
for
example a cardiovascular disorder such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery
disease
or cardiac insufficiency or any other disease mentioned above or below herein.
If in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia any groups, substituents, hetero
ring
members, numbers or other features such as, for example, R4, R5, Rs, R', R8,
R'Z,
R13, alkyl groups, the number n, etc. can occur several times, they can all
independently of one another have any of the indicated meanings and can in
each
case be identical or different from one another. In a dialkylamino group, for
example,
the alkyl groups can be identical or different.
Alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups can be linear, i.e. straight-chain, or
branched. This
also applies when they are part of other groups, for example alkyloxy groups
(=
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13
alkoxy groups, i.e. alkyl-O- groups), alkyloxycarbonyl groups or alkyl-
substituted
amino groups, or when they are substituted. Substituted alkyl, alkenyl and
alkynyl
groups can be substituted by one or more, for example one, two, three, four or
five,
identical or different substituents which can be located in any desired
positions.
Examples of alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl,
heptyl, octyl,
nonyl, decyl, the n-isomers of these groups, isopropyl, isobutyl, isopentyl,
sec-butyl,
tert-butyl, neopentyl or 3,3-dimethylbutyl. Alkenyl groups and alkynyl groups
preferably contain one double bond or triple bond, respectively, which can be
present
in any desired position of the group. Examples of alkenyl and alkynyl are prop-
l-enyl,
prop-2-enyl (= allyl), but-2-enyl, 2-methylprop-2-enyl, 3-methylbut-2-enyl,
hex-3-enyl,
hex-4-enyl, 4-methylhex-4-enyl, dec-3-enyl, dec-9-enyl, prop-2-ynyl (=
propargyl),
but-2-ynyl, but-3-ynyl, hex-4-ynyl or hex-5-ynyl.
As far as applicable, the preceding explanations regarding alkyl groups apply
correspondingly to divalent alkyl groups, i.e. alkanediyl groups and alkylene
groups,
such as the methylene group -CH2- and the polymethylene groups -CH2-CH2- and
-CH2-CH2-CH2- occurring in the group A and in divalent alkylenedioxy groups
such as
-O-CH2-O-, -O-CH2-CH2-O- or -O-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-, and the groups CnHZn, which can
also be linear or branched and/or can be substituted by one or more, for
example
one, two, three, four or five, identical or different substituents which can
be located in
any desired positions. Of course, the number of substituents can in general
not
exceed the number of hydrogen atoms in the unsubstituted parent system which
can
be replaced with a substituent, and can, for example, be only one or two in
the case
of a CH2 group. Examples of the group CõH2n, in which the number n is 1, 2, or
3, are
-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH(CH3)-, -C(CH3)2-, -CH(CH3)-CH2-,
-CH2-CH(CH3)-. If the number n in the group CnH2n is 0 (= zero), the two
groups
which are attached to the group CnH2n are directly connected to one another
via a
single bond. Similarly, if the group X is a direct bond, the groups R3 and Het
are
directly connected to one another via a single bond.
Examples of cycloalkyl groups are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,
cyclohexyl,
cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl and cyclodecyl. Substituted cycloalkyl
groups can
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be substituted by one or more, for example one, two, three, four or five,
identical or
different substituents which can be located in any desired positions. In
general,
besides any other specified substituents, all cycloalkyl groups can also carry
one or
more, for example one, two, three, four or five, identical or different (Cl-
C4)-alkyl
substituents, for example methyl substituents, which can be located in any
desired
positions. Examples of alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl groups are 4-
methylcyclohexyl, 4-
tert-butylcyclohexyl or 2,3-dimethylcyclopentyl.
If a group like phenyl, naphthalenyl and heteroaryl, which can be
unsubstituted or
substituted, is substituted by one or more substituents, in general it can
carry one,
two, three, four or five identical or different substituents, for example. The
substituents can be located in any desired positions. Substituted heteroaryl
groups
can be substituted on ring carbon atoms and/or on suitable ring nitrogen
atoms, i.e.
ring nitrogen atoms which in the parent ring system carry a hydrogen atom,
where
preferred substituents on such substituted ring nitrogen atoms are alkyl
groups, for
example (Cl-C4)-alkyl groups, unless stated otherwise. Suitable ring nitrogen
atoms,
such as the ring nitrogen atoms in a pyridine ring or a quinoline ring, can
also be
present as N-oxides or as quaternary salts, the latter preferably having a
counter-
anion which is derived from a physiologically acceptable acid. In
monosubstituted
phenyl groups the substituent can be located in the 2-position, the 3-position
or the 4-
position. In a disubstituted phenyl group the substituents can be located in
2,3-
position, 2,4-position, 2,5-position, 2,6-position, 3,4-position or 3,5-
position. In
trisubstituted phenyl groups the substituents can be located in 2,3,4-
position, 2,3,5-
position, 2,3,6-position, 2,4,5-position, 2,4,6-position or 3,4,5-position.
Naphthalenyl
(= naphthyl) can be naphthalen-1-yl or naphthalen-2-yl. In monosubstituted
naphthalen-1-yl groups the substituent can be located in the 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-
, 7-, or 8-
position, in monosubstituted naphthalen-2-yl groups the substituent can be
located in
the 1-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-position. In disubstituted naphthalenyl
groups the
substituents can likewise occur in any desired positions in the ring via which
the
naphthalenyl group is bonded, and/or in the other ring.
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Heteroaryl groups are preferably 5-membered or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic
heterocyclic groups or 9-membered or 10-membered bicyclic aromatic
heterocyclic
groups, where the bicyclic groups contain a 6-membered ring fused to a 5-
membered
or two fused 6-membered rings. In bicyclic heteroaryl groups one or both rings
can
5 be aromatic and one or both rings can contain hetero ring members.
Preferably
heteroaryl groups and other heterocyclic groups contain one, two or three, for
example one or two, identical or different hetero ring members. The hetero
ring
members or ring heteroatoms in heteroaryl groups and other heterocyclic groups
are
generally chosen from N, 0 and S wherein N includes ring nitrogen atoms which
10 carry a hydrogen atom or any substituent as is the case in 5-membered
aromatic
heterocycles such as pyrrole, pyrazole or imidazole, for example. The hetero
ring
members in heteroaryl groups and other heterocyclic groups can be located in
any
desired positions provided that the resulting heterocyclic system is known in
the art
and is stable and suitable as a subgroup in a drug substance. For example, in
15 general two atoms from the series 0 and S cannot be present in adjacent
ring
positions. Examples of parent heterocycles of heteroaryl groups and other
heterocyclic groups are pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, pyrazole, 1,2,3-
triazole,
1,2,4-triazole, oxazole (= 1,3-oxazole), isoxazole (= 1,2-oxazole), thiazole
(= 1,3-
thiazole), isothiazole (= 1,2-thiazole), tetrazole, pyridine, pyridazine,
pyrimidine,
pyrazine, 1,2,3-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, 1,3,5-triazine, 1,2,4,5-tetrazine,
indole,
benzothiophene, benzofuran, 1,3-benzodioxole (= 1,2-methylenedioxybenzene),
1,3-
benzoxazole, 1,3-benzothiazole, benzoimidazole, chroman, isochroman, 1,4-
benzodioxane (= 1,2-ethylenedioxybenzene), quinoline, isoquinoline, cinnoline,
quinazoline, quinoxaline, phthalazine, thienothiophenes, 1,8-naphthyridine and
other
naphthyridines, acridine or pteridine. Heteroaryl groups, including heteroaryl
groups
representing R3, and other heterocyclic groups can be bonded via any desired
suitable ring carbon atom and, in the case of nitrogen heterocycles, ring
nitrogen
atom. Preferably they are bonded via a ring carbon atom. For example,
thiophenyl
thienyl) can be thiophen-2-yl or thiophen-3-yl, pyridinyl (= pyridyl) can be
pyridin-2-yl,
pyridin-3-yl or pyridin-4-yl, imidazolyl can be, for example, 1 H-imidazol-1-
yl, 1 H-
imidazol-2-yl, 1 H-imidazol-4-yl or 1 H-imidazol-5-yl, quinolinyl (= quinolyl)
can be
quinolin-2-yl, quinolin-3-yl, quinolin-4-yl, quinolin-5-yl, quinolin-6-yl,
quinolin-7-yi or
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quinolin-8-yl. In monosubstituted pyridin-2-yl the substituent can be located
in the 3-
position, 4-position, 5-position or 6-position, in monosubstituted pyridin-3-
yl the
substituent can be located in the 2-position, 4-position, 5-position or 6-
position, in
monosubstituted pyridin-4-yl the substituent can be located in the 2-position
or 3-
position.
As far as applicable, the preceding explanations regarding heteroaryl groups
apply
correspondingly to divalent heteroaryl groups, i.e. heteroarylene groups, such
as the
group Het in formulae I and Ia. In general, a divalent heteroaryl group can be
bonded
to the adjacent groups via any two desired suitable ring atoms including ring
carbon
atoms and/or, in the case of nitrogen heterocycles, ring nitrogen atoms.
Preferably
they are bonded via any two ring carbon atoms, in particular in the case of
the group
Het. In the case of a divalent bicyclic heteroaryl group the positions via
which it is
bonded to the adjacent groups can be located in the same ring or in different
rings. In
the case of a divalent group derived from furan or thiophene, for example, the
adjacent groups can be bonded in 2,3-position, 2,4-position, 2,5-position or
3,4-
position. A divalent group derived from 1,3-thiazole can be 1,3-thiazole-2,4-
diyl, 1,3-
thiazole-2,5-diyl or 1,3-thiazole-4,5-diyl. A divalent group derived from
pyridine can
be pyridine-2,3-diyl, pyridine-2,4-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,6-diyl,
pyridine-3,4-
diyl or pyridine-3,5-diyl. In the case of an unsymmetrical divalent group the
present
invention includes all positional isomers, i.e., in the case of a pyridine-2,5-
diyl group,
for example, it includes the compound in which the one adjacent group is
present in
the 2-position and the other adjacent group is present in the 5-position as
well as the
compound in which the one adjacent group is present in the 5-position and the
other
adjacent group is present in the 2-position. Depending on the ranking order of
the
adjacent groups in the nomenclature of the compound, in the name of a compound
the numbers of the locations of the adjacent groups may differ from the ones
indicated above and, for example, a pyridine-2,5-diyl group may be designated
as a
pyridine-3,6-diyl group.
As far as applicable, the above explanations also apply correspondingly to the
aromatic heterocycle which is formed by fusion of the group R3 to the group
Het in
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case the group X is absent. In the respective compounds of the formula Ia the
resulting polycyclic heteroaromatic group, which represents the R3-X-Het-
moiety in
formula Ia which moiety may also be designated as R3-X'-Het- moiety to
distinguish it
from the R3-X-Het- moiety in the compounds of the formula I, is a bicyclic or
tricyclic
or tetracyclic ring system, preferably a bicyclic or tricyclic ring system,
more
preferably a bicyclic ring system, and contains one or more, for example one,
two,
three or four, identical or different hetero ring members chosen from N, NR13,
0 and
S. A phenyl or naphthalenyl or heteroaryl group representing R3 can be fused
to, or
condensed to, the group Het via any suitable bond in R3 and any suitable bond
in the
group Het, provided that the resulting polycyclic heteroaromatic group is
known in the
art to be stable and suitable as a subgroup in a drug substance and that in
the
resulting group at least the ring bonded to the group A can be an aromatic
ring, i.e.
contain six conjugated pi electrons in case of a 5-membered or 6-membered
monocyclic ring. For example, if the group Het in a compound of the formula Ia
is a
pyridine ring, X is absent and R3 is phenyl, the latter carbocyclic ring can
be fused to
the bond between positions 2 and 3 or the bond between positions 3 and 4 in
the
pyridine ring, and the resulting polycyclic heteroaromatic group representing
the R3-
X-Het- moiety is a quinolinyl or isoquinolinyl group. If a naphthalenyl group
representing R3 is fused to a pyridine ring representing Het, the resulting
polycyclic
heteroaromatic group representing the R3-X-Het- moiety is an aza-anthracenyl
or
aza-phenanthrenyl group. The polycyclic heteroaromatic which is present in
case X is
absent, can be bonded to the group A via any suitable ring atom, preferably a
ring
carbon atom, in an aromatic ring originating from the group Het, and can be
substituted by substituents as outlined above for the individual groups R3 and
Het.
The heterocyclic ring which can be formed by R' and R2 together with the N-CO
group depicted in formulae I and Ia which carries R' and R2, which ring is a
lactam
ring, can be 4-membered, 5-membered, 6-membered, 7-membered, 8-membered, 9-
membered or 10-membered, and can be saturated, i.e. contain no double bond
within the ring, or unsaturated, including partially unsaturated and aromatic,
in
particular partially unsaturated, and contain, for example, one, two, three or
four
double bonds within the ring, provided the respective ring system is known in
the art
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18
to be stable and suitable as a subgroup in a drug substance. Examples of
residues of
heterocyclic rings formed by R' and R2 together with the N-CO group, which
residues
are bonded to the group A via the nitrogen atom in the said N-CO group
depicted in
formulae I and Ia, are 2-oxo-azetidin-1-yl, 2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1 -yl, 2-oxo-2,5-
dihydro-1 H-
pyrrol-1-yl, 2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl, 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl, 2-oxo-
1,2,5,6-
tetrahydropyridin-1-yl, 2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridin-1-yl, 2-oxo-azepan-1-yl, 2-
oxo-
azocan-1-yl, 2-oxo-azecan-1-yl, 2-oxo-octahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrol-1-yl, 2-oxo-
2,3-
dihydro-1 H-indol-1-yl, 2-oxo-octahydro-1 H-indol-l-yl, 1-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H-
isoindol-
2-yl, 1-oxo-octahydro-lH-isoindol-2-yl, 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-1-yl, 2-oxo-
1,2,3,4-
tetrahydroquinolin-1-yl, 2-oxo-decahydroquinolin-1-yl, 1-oxo-1,2-
dihydroisoquinolin-2-
yl, 3-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl, 1-oxo-1,2,3,4-
tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl,
1-oxo-decahydroisoquinolin-2-yl, 3-oxo-decahydroisoquinolin-2-yl, 4-oxo-
4,5,6,7-
tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5-yl, 6-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-
c]pyridin-5-yl,
3-oxo-pyrazolidin-2-yl, 2-oxo-imidazolidin-1-yl, 5-oxo-imidazolidin-1-yl, 2-
oxo-
hexahydropyrimidin-1-yl, 6-oxo-hexahydropyrimidin-1-yl, 2-oxo-1,2-
dihydropyrimidin-
1-yl, 2-oxo-piperazin-1-yl, 2-oxo-[1,3]diazepan-1-yl, 7-oxo-[1,3]diazepan-1-
yl, 2-oxo-
[1,4]diazepan-1-yl, 7-oxo-[1,4]diazepan-1-yl, 2-oxo-oxazolidin-3-yl, 2-oxo-
[1,3]oxazinan-3-yl, 2-oxo-[1,3]oxazepan-3-yl, 3-oxo-morpholin-4-yl, 3-oxo-
[1,4]oxazepan-4-yl, 5-oxo-[1,4]oxazepan-4-yl, 2-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl, 2-oxo-
[1,3]thiazinan-3-yl, 3-oxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl, 3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-
[1,4]thiazin-4-yl,
2-oxo-[1,3]thiazepan-3-yl, 3-oxo-[1,4]thiazepan-4-yl, 5-oxo-[1,4]thiazepan-4-
yl. As
applies to the ring which can be formed by R' and R2 together with the N-CO
group
in general, all listed examples of heterocyclic groups can be unsubstituted or
substituted as indicated above, for example by R8. For example, they can be
substituted on one or more, for example one, two or three, preferably one or
two,
more preferably one, ring carbon atoms by further oxo groups in addition to
the oxo
group mentioned in the listed names, and/or by one or more, for example one,
two,
three or four, preferably one or two, identical or different alkyl groups such
as methyl
groups, and/or on one or more ring nitrogen atoms by a(Cl-C4)-alkyl group or
a(Cl-
C4)-alkyl-CO- group such as methyl or acetyl which group represents R12.
Examples
of groups listed above which are substituted by a further oxo group include
2,5-dioxo-
pyrrolidin-1-yl, 2,6-dioxo-piperidin-1-yl, 2,5-dioxo-imidazolidin-1-yl, 2,6-
dioxo-
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hexahydropyrimidin-1-yl, 1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-lH-isoindol-2-yl (= 1,3-dioxo-
isoindol-
2-yl) and 2,4-dioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl. Furthermore, as applies to the ring
which can be
formed by R' and R2 together with the N-CO group in general, ring sulfur atoms
in
the listed heterocyclic groups can carry one or two oxo groups, i.e. doubly
bonded
oxygen atoms, and thus become SO or SO2 groups, i.e. sulfoxide or sulfone
groups
or S-oxides or S,S-dioxides. For example, the sulfur atom in a 3-oxo-
thiomorpholin-4-
yl group can carry one or two oxo groups, and besides the 3-oxo-thiomorpholin-
4-yl
group also the groups 1,3-dioxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl and 1,1,3-trioxo-
thiomorpholin-4-
yl can be present in a compound of the invention.
Halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably fluorine,
chlorine or
bromine, more preferably fluorine or chlorine.
An oxo group, when bonded to a carbon atom, replaces two hydrogen atoms on a
carbon atom of the parent system. Thus, if a CH2 group is substituted by oxo,
i.e. by
a doubly bonded oxygen atom, it becomes a CO group. Evidently, an oxo group
cannot occur as a substituent on a carbon atom in an aromatic ring.
The present invention includes all stereoisomeric forms of the compounds of
the
formulae I and Ia and their salts. With respect to each chiral center,
independently of
any other chiral center, the compounds of formulae I and Ia can be present in
S
configuration or substantially S configuration, or in R configuration or
substantially R
configuration, or as a mixture of the S isomer and the R isomer in any ratio.
The
invention includes all possible enantiomers and diastereomers and mixtures of
two or
more stereoisomers, for example mixtures of enantiomers and/or diastereomers,
in
all ratios. Thus, compounds according to the invention which can exist as
enantiomers can be present in enantiomerically pure form, both as levorotatory
and
as dextrorotatory antipodes, and in the form of mixtures of the two
enantiomers in all
ratios including racemates. In the case of a E/Z isomerism, or cis/trans
isomerism, for
example on double bonds or rings, the invention includes both the E form and Z
form,
or the cis form and the trans form, as well as mixtures of these forms in all
ratios. The
preparation of individual stereoisomers can be carried out, for example, by
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separation of a mixture of isomers by customary methods, for example by
chromatography or crystallization, by the use of stereochemically uniform
starting
materials in the synthesis, or by stereoselective synthesis. Optionally a
derivatization
can be carried out before a separation of stereoisomers. The separation of a
mixture
5 of stereoisomers can be carried out at the stage of the compound of the
formula I or
Ia or at the stage of a starting material or an intermediate during the
synthesis. The
present invention also includes all tautomeric forms of the compounds of
formulae I
and Ia and their salts.
10 In case the compounds of the formulae I and Ia contain one or more acidic
and/or
basic groups, i.e. salt-forming groups, the invention also comprises their
corresponding physiologically or toxicologically acceptable salts, i.e. non-
toxic salts,
in particular their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Thus, the compounds of
the
formulae I and Ia which contain an acidic group can be present on such groups,
and
15 can be used according to the invention, for example, as alkali metal salts,
alkaline
earth metal salts or as ammonium salts. More specific examples of such salts
include
sodium salts, potassium salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts, quaternary
ammonium salts such as tetraalkylammonium salts, or acid addition salts with
ammonia or organic amines such as, for example, ethylamine, ethanolamine,
20 triethanolamine or amino acids. Compounds of the formulae I and Ia which
contain a
basic group, i.e. a group which can be protonated, can be present on such
groups,
and can be used according to the invention, for example, in the form of their
addition
salts with inorganic or organic acids. Examples for suitable acids include
hydrogen
chloride, hydrogen bromide, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid,
methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, naphthalenedisulfonic acids,
oxalic
acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid,
formic acid,
propionic acid, pivalic acid, diethylacetic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid,
pimelic
acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, sulfamic acid, phenylpropionic
acid,
gluconic acid, ascorbic acid, nicotinic acid, isonicotinic acid, citric acid,
adipic acid,
and other acids known to the person skilled in the art. If the compounds of
the
formulae I and Ia simultaneously contain acidic and basic groups in the
molecule, the
invention also includes, in addition to the salt forms mentioned, inner salts
or
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21
betaines or zwitterions. The salts of the compounds of the formulae I and Ia
can be
obtained by customary methods which are known to the person skilled in the art
like,
for example, by contacting the compound of the formula I or Ia with an organic
or
inorganic acid or base in a solvent or diluent, or by anion exchange or cation
exchange from another salt. The present invention also includes all salts of
the
compounds of the formula I which, owing to low physiological compatibility,
are not
directly suitable for use in pharmaceuticals but which can be used, for
example, as
intermediates for chemical reactions or for the preparation of physiologically
acceptable salts.
The present invention furthermore includes all solvates of compounds of the
formulae
I and Ia, for example hydrates or adducts with alcohols, active metabolites of
the
compounds of the formulae I and Ia, and also prodrugs and derivatives of the
compounds of the formulae I and Ia which in vitro may not necessarily exhibit
pharmacological activity but which in vivo are converted into
pharmacologically active
compounds, for example esters or amides of carboxylic acid groups.
The group A in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia is preferably chosen
from
-CH2-CH2-CH2- and -Y-CH2-CH2- wherein Y is chosen from 0, S and NR" and Y is
bonded to the group Het, and wherein all CH2 groups can be substituted by one
or
more identical or different substituents R4. In one embodiment of the present
invention the CH2 groups in the group A in the compounds of formulae I and Ia
are
not substituted by substituents R4. If the CH2 groups in the group A are not
substituted, the divalent group -A- in the formulae I and Ia may be replaced
with the
group -Y'-CH2-CH2- wherein Y' is bonded to the group Het in formulae I and Ia,
and
Y' is chosen from a direct bond, CH2, 0, S and NR". Particularly preferably
the group
A in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia is chosen from -CH2-CH2-CH2-,
-NH-CH2-CH2- and -O-CH2-CH2-, more particularly preferably from -CH2-CH2-CH2-
and -O-CH2-CH2-, wherein the nitrogen atom and the oxygen atom are bonded to
the
group Het. In one embodiment of the present invention the group A is the group
-O-CH2-CH2- wherein the oxygen atom is bonded to the group Het. The group Y is
preferably chosen from 0 and NR" and more preferably is O.
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In the compounds of the formula Ia the divalent group Het is preferably
defined as in
the compounds of the formula I. More generally, one embodiment of the present
invention relates to the use of a compound of the formula I, which is defined
as
indicated above, in any of its stereoisomeric forms or a mixture of
stereoisomeric
forms in any ratio, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, for the
manufacture of
a medicament for the stimulation of the expression of endothelial NO synthase
and
for the treatment of a disease in which such a stimulation, or an increase in
NO level,
is desired, for example a cardiovascular disorder such as atherosclerosis,
coronary
artery disease or cardiac insufficiency or any other diseases mentioned above
or
below herein.
More preferably, the divalent group Het in the compounds of the formulae I and
Ia is
a divalent aromatic group of the formula II
G
II
L
in which G is chosen from N and CH and L is chosen from S, 0, NR13, CH=CH,
CH=N and N=CH, and which can be substituted by one or more identical or
different
substituents R5, i.e. in which one or more ring carbon atoms can carry a
substituent
R5 instead of the hydrogen atoms which are present on the carbon atoms
depicted in
formula II or which are specified in the definition of the groups G and L,
with the
proviso that the ring system depicted in formula II comprises at least one
hetero ring
member, i.e. a group NR13 or an N, S or 0 atom, as a ring member. R5 and R13
in the
ring system of the formula II are defined as indicated above with respect to
the
compounds of the formulae I and Ia. Particularly preferably the group Het in
the
compounds of the formulae I and Ia and the group of the formula II is chosen
from
the heteroarylene groups pyridinediyl, thiazolediyl, oxazolediyl,
imidazolediyl and
thiophenediyl, i.e. the divalent residues of pyridine, thiazole, oxazole,
imidazole and
thiophene, which can all be substituted by one or more identical or different
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23
substituents R5 and wherein one of the ring nitrogen atoms of the
imidazolediyl
group, which represents the nitrogen atom in the group NR13 in the definition
of the
group L, carries a group chosen from hydrogen and (Cl-C4)-alkyl. More
particularly
preferably the group Het in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia and the
group of
the formula II is chosen from the heteroarylene groups pyridinediyl,
thiazolediyl,
imidazolediyl and thiophenediyl, especially preferably from pyridinediyl and
thiazolediyl, which can all be substituted by one or more identical or
different
substituents R5 and wherein one of the ring nitrogen atoms of the
imidazolediyl
group, which represents the nitrogen atom in the group NR13 in the definition
of the
group L, carries a group chosen from hydrogen and (Cl-C4)-alkyl. In one
embodiment
of the invention the group Het in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia and
the
group of the formula II is a pyridinediyl group which can be substituted by
one or
more identical or different substituents R5.
In one embodiment of the present invention the groups representing the group
Het in
the compounds of the formulae I and Ia, including the group of the formula II
in which
the bonds via which it is connected to the two adjacent groups R3-X and A are
represented by the lines intersecting the ring sides, are bonded to the
adjacent
groups R3-X and A via any two ring carbon atoms. Preferably a pyridinediyl
group
representing Het or the group of the formula II is bonded to the adjacent
groups via
positions 3 and 6 of the pyridine ring, which positions may also be numbered
as
positions 5 and 2, respectively, depending on the ranking order of the groups
bonded
to the pyridine ring, where each of the groups R3-X and A can be present in
each of
the positions. I.e., in the said pyridinediyl group, which is bonded via
positions 3 and
6, the group R3-X can be present in position 3 and the group A in position 6,
as well
as the group R3-X can be present in position 6 and the group A in position 3,
and
preferably the group R3-X is present in position 6 and the group A in position
3.
Preferably a group of the formula Ila,
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24
4
N
IIa
L 2
which represents Het or the group of the formula II and in which L is 0, S or
NR13, i.e.
which is a oxazolediyl, thiazolediyl or imidazolediyl group, is bonded to the
adjacent
5 groups via positions 2 and 5 or via positions 2 and 4, particularly
preferably via
positions 2 and 4, where each of the groups R3-X and A can be present in each
of
the positions and preferably the group R3-X is present in position 4 and the
group A
in position 2.
Preferably a thiophenediyl group which represents Het or the group of the
formula II
is bonded to the adjacent groups via positions 2 and 5 or via positions 2 and
4, which
latter positions may also be numbered as positions 5 and 3, particularly
preferably via
positions 2 and 4, where each of the groups R3-X and A can be present in each
of
the positions and preferably the group R3-X is present in position 4 and the
group A
in position 2.
Preferred groups Het or groups of the formula II thus include the divalent
heteroaromatic groups depicted in the following formulae Illa to IIIg which
represent
preferred embodiments of the structural moiety R3-X-Het-A- in the compounds of
the
formulae I and Ia, and in which the heteroaromatic group can be unsubstituted
or
5
substituted by one or more identical or different substituents R.
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R3,.,'X / R3iX / N
~ ~ / N~ ~ ~ R\~
N A A X S A
Illa Ilib Illc
A- R3 X R3 X
3
R\ / ~ / \ R~ A/
3
XA x S A
S S S
Illd Ille Ilif Illg
Particularly preferred groups Het or groups of the formula II include the
divalent
heteroaromatic groups depicted in the formulae IIIb, Ille and Illg, especially
the group
5 depicted in formula Illb, which represent particularly and especially
preferred
embodiments of the structural moiety R3-X-Het-A- in the compounds of the
formulae I
and Ia.
In the compounds of the formula Ia the group X is preferably chosen from a
direct
10 bond, CH2, 0 and NH, or X is absent and in this latter case the phenyl or
heteroaryl
group representing the group R3 is fused to the group Het. Particularly
preferably the
group X in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia is chosen from a direct bond
and
0, or in the compounds of the formula Ia the group X is absent, and more
particularly
preferably the group X in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia is chosen
from a
15 direct bond and O. In one embodiment of the present invention the group X
in the
compounds of the formulae I and Ia is a direct bond. In another embodiment of
the
present invention the group X in the compounds of the formula Ia is absent and
in
this embodiment the phenyl, naphthalenyl or heteroaryl group representing the
group
R3 is fused to the group Het. In a further embodiment of the present invention
the
20 group X in the compounds of the formula Ia cannot be absent, i.e. in this
embodiment
the group X in the compounds of the formula Ia is chosen from a direct bond,
CH2, 0,
S, NH and N((Cl-C4)-alkyl). In all cases in which X is absent the phenyl,
naphthalenyl
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26
or heteroaryl group representing the group R3 is fused to the group Het or the
ring
system depicted in formula II which contains the groups G and L. In case X can
be
absent, in a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention the
structural
moiety R3-X-Het- in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia is a bicyclic
heteroaryl
groups which comprises a monocyclic 5-membered or 6-membered heteroaromatic
ring which represents the group Het and to which the group A is bonded, and a
benzene ring which is fused to said heteroaromatic ring system and which
represents
the group R3, where the heteroaromatic ring can be substituted by one or more
identical or different substituents R5 and the benzene ring can be substituted
as
indicated above with respect to R3. In case X is absent, the said structural
moiety
R3-X-Het- is more particularly preferably chosen from quinolinyl,
isoquinolinyl,
benzoimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl and benzothienyl, especially preferably from
quinolinyl, benzoimidazolyl and benzothiazolyl, which are all bonded to the
group A
via the heterocyclic ring and which can be substituted as indicated.
If the ring which can be formed by the groups R' and R2 together with the N-CO
group which carries them is a monocyclic ring system, in one embodiment of the
invention it is saturated or partially unsaturated. More specifically, in one
embodiment
it is saturated or contains one or two double bonds within the ring, and in
another
embodiment it is saturated or contains one double bond within the ring, and in
a
further embodiment it is saturated. If the said ring is a bicyclic ring
system, in one
embodiment the specific ring of the bicyclic ring system to which the group A
is
bonded is saturated or is partially unsaturated, and in a more specific
embodiment
this ring contains one or two double bonds within the ring of which one double
bond
can be common to both rings, and the second ring of the bicyclic ring system
is a
saturated or an aromatic ring, in particular an aromatic ring such as a
benzene ring.
Preferably, a monocyclic ring formed by the groups R' and R2 together with the
N-CO
which carries them contains 4, 5, 6 or 7 ring members and a bicyclic ring
system
contains 9 or 10 ring members. The ring which can be formed by the groups R'
and
R2 together with the N-CO group is preferably a monocyclic ring system. In one
embodiment of the present invention, the ring which can be formed by the
groups R'
and R2 together with the N-CO group which carries them can contain, in
addition to
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27
the ring nitrogen atom being part of the N-CO group, one further hetero ring
member,
i.e. one further ring heteroatom or heteroatom group, which is chosen from N,
NR12,
0, S, SO and SO2 and preferably is chosen from NR12, S, SO and SO2 and more
preferably is chosen from NR12 and S. If the heterocycle formed by R' and R 2
and the
N-CO group which carries them is substituted by one or more identical or
different
substituents R8, it preferably is substituted by one, two, three, four or
five, more
preferably by one, two, three or four, particularly preferably by one, two or
three,
more particularly preferably by one or two identical or different substituents
R8 on ring
carbon atoms, in addition to the oxo group depicted in formulae I and Ia and
to oxo
groups on ring sulfur atoms and/or groups R12 on ring nitrogen atoms which may
be
present.
If R' and R2, together with the N-CO group depicted in formulae I and Ia which
carries them, form a ring, in one embodiment of the invention they form a
saturated
or unsaturated, monocyclic 4-membered to 7-membered ring, for example a
monocyclic 5-membered or 6-membered ring, which, in addition to the ring
nitrogen
atom being part of the N-CO group, can contain one further hetero ring member
group chosen from N, NR12, 0, S, SO and SO2, wherein the ring formed by R' and
R2
and the N-CO group which carries them can be substituted by one or more
identical
or different substituents R8. Further hetero ring members which are present in
a ring
formed by R' and R2 together with the N-CO group which carries them are
preferably
chosen from NR12, 0 and S, more preferably from NR12 and S. The group
-N(R 2)-CO-R1 in the formulae I and Ia which results if R' and R2 together
with the
N-CO group which carries them form a ring, is more preferably chosen from 2-
oxo-
azetidin-l-yl, 2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl, 2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl, 2-oxo-1,2-
dihydropyridin-1-yl,
2-oxo-azepan-1-yl, 2-oxo-imidazolidin-1-yl, 2-oxo-hexahydropyrimidin-1-yl, 2-
oxo-1,2-
dihydropyrimidin-1-yl, 2-oxo-piperazin-1-yl, 2-oxo-[1,3]diazepan-1-yl, 2-oxo-
[1,4]diazepan-1-yl, 7-oxo-[1,4]diazepan-1-yI, 2-oxo-oxazolidin-3-yl, 2-oxo-
[1,3]oxazinan-3-yl, 2-oxo-[1,3]oxazepan-3-yI, 3-oxo-morpholin-4-yl, 3-oxo-
[1,4]oxazepan-4-yl, 5-oxo-[1,4]oxazepan-4-yI, 2-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl, 2-oxo-
[1,3]thiazinan-3-yl, 3-oxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl, 3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-
[1,4]thiazin-4-yl,
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28
2-oxo-[1,3]thiazepan-3-yl, 3-oxo-[1,4]thiazepan-4-yl and 5-oxo-[1,4]thiazepan-
4-yl,
i.e. from the groups depicted in the following formulae
0 O O O O
_N N N N I N
O O O O O
A A NH N ~N A i \N~NH
~~ H N
~~NH
U
0 0 O
O O
N NH N -- N )~ O N )~ O N J~ O
~-N ~-j U
H
O O O O O
"'N)~S
N S
O
O O O O O
NI-I N ---') ~N \N', S \N \N --I)
\/S ~~ ~-S
~'S in which the bond via which the group is connected to the group A is
depicted by a
line starting at a ring nitrogen atom, and which in part may also be named
differently
as regards the indication of the saturation, for example as 3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-
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29
[1,4]thiazin-4-yl in the case of group 3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,4]thiazin-4-yl.
Particularly preferably the group which results if R' and R2 together with the
N-CO
group which carries them form a ring, is chosen from 2-oxo-azetidin-1-yl, 2-
oxo-
pyrrolidin-1-yl, 2-oxo-piperidin-1-yl, 2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridin-1-yl, 2-oxo-
azepan-1-yl,
2-oxo-imidazolidin-1-yl, 2-oxo-hexahydropyrimidin-1-yl, 2-oxo-[1,3]diazepan-1-
yl, 2-
oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl, 3-oxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl, 3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-
[1,4]thiazin-4-yl,
i.e. from the groups depicted in the following formulae.
O O O O O
-N N N N I N
O O O O O
A A \N~NH N N NH N NH )" N
~j ~-j
0
N
S
All the specified rings formed by R' and R2 together with the N-CO group which
carries them can be substituted on carbon atoms by one or more identical or
different
substituents Ra, and/or can carry on a ring nitrogen atom which is not bonded
to the
group A a group R12, and/or can carry on a ring sulfur atom one or two oxo
groups, to
give a substituted group as indicated above. As examples of such groups which
are
substituted by an oxo group on a carbon atom or by one or two oxo groups on a
sulfur atom, and which can represent the group -N(R2)-CO-R' in the formulae I
and Ia
and in which the bond via which the group is connected to the group A is
depicted by
a line starting at a ring nitrogen atom, the groups 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl,
2,6-dioxo-
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piperidin-1-yl, 2,5-dioxo-imidazolidin-1-yl, 2,6-dioxo-hexahydropyrimidin-1-
yl, 2,4-
dioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl, 1,3-dioxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl and 1,1,3-trioxo-
thiomorpholin-4-yl
may be mentioned, i.e. groups of the following formulae,
O O O O
N N N )", NH \N~NH
5 O O% v
5 0 0
O O O
N S N N
S" ~~S O
O
O O
which can all be substituted additionally on carbon atoms by one or more
identical or
10 different substituents R 8 and/or can carry on a ring nitrogen atoms which
is not
bonded to the group A a group R12, and which, like all suitable groups in the
compounds of formulae I and Ia, can be present in tautomeric forms, for
example as
a 2,5-dihydroxypyrrol-1-yl group in the case of the 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl
group, as
a 2,5-dihydroxyimidazol-1-yl group in the case of the 2,5-dioxo-imidazolidin-1-
yl
15 group, or as a 5-hydroxy-1,1-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-[1,4]thiazin-4-yl group in
the case of
the 1,1,3-trioxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl group.
If R' and R2 do not form a ring together with the N-CO group which carries
them, they
preferably are independently of each other chosen from P-C4)-alkyl, (C3-C7)-
20 cycloalkyl-CnH2n-, phenyl-C,,H2n- and heteroaryl-CnH2n-, more preferably
from (Cl-C4)-
alkyl, (C3-C+cycloalkyl-, phenyl, phenyl-CH2-, heteroaryl and heteroaryl-CHZ-,
particularly preferably from (CI-C4)-alkyl, (C3-C7)-cycloalkyl-, phenyl- and
heteroaryl-,
and in each case R2 can in addition be hydrogen, wherein the groups (Cl-C4)-
alkyl
and (C3-C+cycloalkyl can both be substituted by one or more identical or
different
25 substituents Rs, and the groups phenyl and heteroaryl can both be
substituted by one
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31
or more identical or different substituents R7. If R' and R2 do not form a
ring together
with the N-CO group which carries them, in one embodiment of the present
invention
R 2 is hydrogen and R' is defined as indicated. If R2 is an alkenyl group or
an alkynyl
group, preferably the nitrogen atom carrying R2 is not in conjugation with a
double
bond or triple bond, i.e., preferably the nitrogen atom carrying R2 is not
directly
bonded to a carbon atom in an alkenyl group or alkynyl group which is part of
a
double bond or triple bond.
In the compounds of the formula Ia the groups R' and R2 preferably are
independently of each other chosen from P-C6)-alkyl, (C3-C6)-alkenyl, (C3-C6)-
alkynyl, (C3-C+cycloalkyl-CnHZn-, phenyl-CnH2n- and heteroaryl-CnH2n-, and R2
can in
addition be hydrogen, wherein the groups (Cl-C6)-alkyl, (C3-C+cycloalkyl, (C3-
C6)-
alkenyl and (C3-C6)-alkynyl can all be substituted by one or more identical or
different
substituents R6, and the groups CnH2n can all be substituted by one or more
identical
or different substituents chosen from fluorine and (Cl-C4)-alkyl, and all
phenyl groups
and heteroaryl groups can be substituted by one or more identical or different
substituents R7,
or R' and R2, together with the N-CO group which carries them, form a 4-
membered
to 10-membered, monocyclic or bicyclic, saturated or unsaturated ring which,
in
addition to the ring nitrogen atom being part of the N-CO group, can contain
one or
two further hetero ring members or heteroatom groups chosen from N, NR12, O,
S,
SO and SO2 which can be identical or different, with the proviso that two ring
members from the series 0, S, SO and SO2 cannot be present in adjacent ring
positions, wherein the ring formed by R' and R2 and the N-CO group which
carries
them can be substituted by one or more identical or different substituents R8.
Particularly preferably, in the compounds of the formula Ia the groups R' and
R2 are
chosen from (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (C3-C+cycloalkyl-CnH2n-, phenyl-CnH2n- and
heteroaryl-
CnH2n-, and R2 can in addition be hydrogen, wherein the groups (CI-C4)-alkyl
and
(C3-C7)-cycloalkyl can both be substituted by one or more identical or
different
substituents R6, and all phenyl groups and heteroaryl groups can be
substituted by
'
one or more identical or different substituents R,
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32
or R' and R2, together with the N-CO group which carries them, form a 4-
membered
to 7-membered, monocyclic, saturated or unsaturated ring which, in addition to
the
ring nitrogen atom being part of the N-CO group, can contain one further
hetero ring
member chosen from N, NR12, 0, S, SO and SO2, wherein the ring formed by R'
and
R2 and the N-CO group which carries them can be substituted by one or more
identical or different substituents R8.
In the compounds of the formula I the groups R' and R2, together with the N-CO
group which carries them, preferably form a 4-membered to 7-membered,
monocyclic, saturated or unsaturated ring which, in addition to the ring
nitrogen atom
being part of the N-CO group, can contain one further hetero ring member
chosen
from N, NR12, O, S, SO and SO2, wherein the ring formed by R' and R2 and the
N-CO group which carries them can be substituted by one or more identical or
different substituents R8.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the groups R' and R2 in the
compounds
of formulae I and Ia, together with the N-CO group which carries them, form a
4-
membered to 10-membered, monocyclic or bicyclic, saturated or unsaturated ring
which, in addition to the ring nitrogen atom being part of the N-CO group, can
contain
one or two further hetero ring members chosen from N, NR12, 0, S, SO and SO2
which can be identical or different, with the proviso that two ring members
from the
series 0, S, SO and SO2 cannot be present in adjacent ring positions, wherein
the
ring formed by R' and R 2 and the N-CO group which carries them can be
substituted
by one or more identical or different substituents R8, and wherein preferred
features
of this embodiment are those outlined above. For example, in a preferred
feature of
this embodiment the ring formed by R' and R2 together with the N-CO group
which
carries them is a saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic 4-membered to 7-
membered
ring, for example a 5-membered or 6-membered ring, which, in addition to the
ring
nitrogen atom being part of the N-CO group, can contain one further hetero
ring
member which is preferably chosen from NR12, 0 and S, more preferably from
NR12
and S, and which can be substituted, for example, by an oxo group on a carbon
atom. In one embodiment of the present invention the ring formed by R' and R2
and
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33
the N-CO group which carries them does not contain a further hetero ring
member in
addition to the nitrogen atom which is part of the N-CO group, where in this
embodiment the ring can likewise be substituted as indicated.
In the compounds of the formula Ia the group R3 is preferably chosen from
phenyl,
naphthalenyl and heteroaryl which can all be substituted by one or more
identical or
different substituents chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C4)-alkyloxy-
(Cj-CZ)-
alkyl-, OH, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine
atoms,
(Cl-C2)-alkylenedioxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms,
(Cl-
C4)-alkylmercapto, NH2, (Cl-C4)-alkylamino, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)amino, ((Cl-C4)-
alkyl)-
CONH-, ((C1-C4)-alkyl)-SO2NH-, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((Cl-C4)-
alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((Cl-C4)-alkyloxy)carbonyl-, COOH, CONH2, CN, CF3,
H2NSO2-
and (C1-C4)-alkyl-SO2-, and more preferably by one or more identical or
different
substituents chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy-(Cl-C2)-
alkyl-, OH,
(Cl-C4)-alkyloxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (CI-
C2)-
alkylenedioxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C4)-
alkylmercapto, NH2, (Cl-C4)-alkylamino, di((C1-C4)-alkyl)amino, ((Cl-C4)-
alkyl)-
CONH-, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((Cl-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((CI-
C4)-
alkyloxy)carbonyl-, COOH, CONH2, CN, CF3, H2NSO2- and (Cl-C4)-alkyl-SO2-.
Particularly preferably the group R3 in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia
is
chosen from phenyl, naphthalenyl and heteroaryl, and preferably is a phenyl
group or
heteroaryl group and more preferably is a phenyl group, which groups can all
be
substituted by one or more identical or different substituents which are
chosen from
halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy-(Cl-C2)-alkyl-, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy
which can be
substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (CI-C4)-alkylmercapto, (Cl-C4)-
alkylamino,
di((C1-C4)-alkyl)amino, CONH2, CN, CF3 and (Cl-C4)-alkyl-SO2-. A heteroaryl
group
representing R3 is preferably chosen from pyridinyl, quinolinyl, thiophenyl,
isoxazolyl
and pyrimidinyl, more preferably from pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, isoxazolyl and
thiophenyl,
and is thiophenyl in one embodiment of the invention, which groups can all be
substituted as indicated. Preferably the optional substituents on the group R3
are
chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (Cl-Ca)-alkyloxy which can be substituted
by one
or more fluorine atoms, and CF3, more preferably from halogen and P-C4)-alkyl.
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34
Particularly preferably R3 is a phenyl group which can be substituted by one
or more
identical or different substituents which are chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-
alkyl and
CF3. Especially preferably R3 is a phenyl group which is substituted by one or
more
identical or different substituents chosen from halogen atoms and (Cl-C4)-
alkyl
groups, in particular from fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, methyl groups and
ethyl
groups. A phenyl group representing R3 is preferably a substituted phenyl
group. In a
substituted group R3 the number of substituents preferably is one, two, three,
four or
five, more preferably one, two, three or four, particularly preferably one,
two or three,
more particularly preferably one or two. In one embodiment of the present
invention
the group R3 is a carbocyclic group, i.e. a phenyl group or a naphthalenyl
group, and
in another embodiment of the invention the group R3 is a monocyclic group,
i.e. a
phenyl group or a monocyclic heteroaryl group, for example a thienyl group,
and in
another embodiment of the invention R3 is a phenyl group, a naphthalenyl group
or a
monocyclic heteroaryl group, for example a thienyl group, where all these
groups can
be substituted as indicated. In one embodiment of the present invention the
group R3
in the compounds of the formula Ia is chosen from phenyl, naphthalenyl and
heteroaryl which can all be substituted by one or more identical or different
substituents chosen from halogen, P-Cs)-alkyl, (Cl-C6)-alkyloxy-(Cl-C6)-alkyl-
, OH,
(C,-C6)-alkyloxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-
C3)-
alkylenedioxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C6)-
alkylmercapto, NH2, (Cl-C6)-alkylamino, di((Cj-C6)-alkyl)amino, (P-C6)-alkyl)-
CONH-, di((Cl-C6)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, (P-C6)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((CI-C6)-
alkyloxy)carbonyl-, COOH, CONHZ, CN, CF3, ((C1-C6)-alkyi)NHSO2-, di((Cl-C6)-
alkyl)NSO2-, H2NSO2- and P-C6)-alkyl-S02-.
In the compounds of the formula Ia the group R4 is preferably chosen from (Cl-
Ca)-
alkyl and fluorine. Particularly preferably the group R4 in the compounds of
the
formulae I and Ia is chosen from methyl and fluorine, and especially
preferably R4 is
fluorine. The total number of substituents R4 in a substituted group A, which
in
general can be one, two, three, four, five or six, is preferably one, two,
three or four,
more preferably one or two.
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In the compounds of the formula Ia the group R5 is preferably chosen from
halogen,
(Cl-C4)-alkyl, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy-(Cl-CZ)-alkyl-, OH, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy which can
be
substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C4)-alkylmercapto, NH2, (Cl-C4)-
alkylamino, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)amino, ((C1-C4)-alkyl)-CONH-, di((Cl-C4)-
5 alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((Cl-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((Cl-C4)-
alkyloxy)carbonyl-,
COOH, CONH2, CN, CF3 and (C1-C4)-alkyl-SO2-. Particularly preferably the group
R5
in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia is chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-
alkyl, (Cl-
C4)-alkyloxy-(Cj-CZ)-alkyl-, OH, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy which can be substituted by
one or
more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C4)-alkylmercapto, NH2, (Cl-C4)-alkylamino, di((Cl-
C4)-
10 alkyl)amino, ((C1-C4)-alkyl)-CONH-, CONHZ, CN, CF3 and P-C4)-alkyl-S02-,
more
particularly preferably from halogen, (CI-C4)-alkyl and CF3. Especially
preferably the
group Het in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia is unsubstituted or
substituted
by one or more identical or different substituents chosen from fluorine,
chlorine,
methyl and CF3, in particular fluorine, chlorine and methyl, for example
fluorine
15 substituents, and more especially preferably the group Het is
unsubstituted. The
number of substituents R5, which are present on a substituted group Het,
preferably
is one, two, three or four, more preferably one, two or three, particularly
preferably
one or two, more particularly preferably one.
20 In the compounds of the formula Ia the group R6 is preferably chosen from
fluorine,
OH, oxo, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy, (CI-C4)-alkylmercapto, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)amino, ((Cl-
C4)-
alkyl)-CONH-, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((CI-C4)-alkyloxy)carbonyl-,
COOH,
CONH2, CN and CF3. Particularly preferably the group R 6 in the compounds of
the
formulae I and Ia is chosen from fluorine, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy, di((Cl-C4)-
alkyl)amino,
25 ((C1-C4)-alkyl)-CONH-, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((Cl-C4)-
alkyloxy)carbonyl-,
COOH and CF3, more particularly preferably from fluorine, ((Cl-C4)-
alkyloxy)carbonyl- and COOH, especially preferably from ((Cl-C4)-
alkyloxy)carbonyl-
and COOH. The number of substituents R6 preferably is one, two or three, more
preferably one or two, particularly preferably one.
In the compounds of the formula Ia the group R' is preferably chosen from
halogen,
(Cl-Ca)-alkyl, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy-(Cl-CZ)-alkyl-, OH, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy which can
be
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36
substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, P-Cz)-alkylenedioxy which can be
substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, P-C4)-alkylmercapto, NH2, (Cl-Cq)-
alkylamino, di((C1-C4)-alkyl)amino, ((C1-C4)-alkyl)-CONH-, di((Cl-C4)-
alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((C1-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((C1-C4)-
alkyloxy)carbonyl-,
COOH, CONH2, CN, CF3, H2NSO2- and (C1-C4)-alkyl-S02-. Particularly preferably
the
group R' in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia is chosen from halogen, (Cl-
C4)-
alkyl, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy-(Cl-C2)-alkyl-, OH, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy which can be
substituted
by one or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C2)-alkylenedioxy which can be substituted
by
one or more fluorine atoms, NH2, (Cl-C4)-alkylamino, di((Cj-C4)-alkyl)amino,
((Cl-C4)-
alkyl)-CONH-, CONH2, CN, CF3 and (C1-C4)-alkyl-SO2-, more particularly
preferably
from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, NH2, P-C4)-alkylamino, di((C1-C4)-alkyl)amino,
((Cl-C4)-
alkyl)-CONH- and CF3, especially preferably from fluorine, chlorine, methyl,
NH2 and
CF3. The number of substituents R' preferably is one, two, three or four, more
preferably one, two or three, particularly preferably one or two, more
particularly
preferably one.
In the compounds of the formula Ia the group R8 is preferably chosen from
halogen,
(Cl-C4)-alkyl, (C3-C7)-cycloalkyl-CnH2n-, phenyl-CnH2n-, heteroaryl-CnH2n-,
(Cl-C4)-
alkyloxy-(Cj-C2)-alkyl-, OH, oxo, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy which can be substituted by
one or
more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C2)-alkylenedioxy which can be substituted by one or
more
fluorine atoms, (Cl-C4)-alkylmercapto, NH2, (Cl-C4)-alkylamino, di((Cl-C4)-
alkyl)amino, ((C1-C4)-alkyl)-CONH-, di((CI-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((Cl-C4)-
alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((C1-C4)-alkyloxy)carbonyl-, COOH, CONH2, CN, CF3,
H2NSO2-
and (C1-C4)-alkyl-S02-, wherein all phenyl groups and heteroaryl groups can
independently of each other be substituted by one ore more identical or
different
substituents chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, CF3 and (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy.
Particularly preferably the group R8 in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia
is
chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, phenyl-CnH2n-, heteroaryl-CnH2n-, (Cl-C4)-
alkyloxy-(Cj-CZ)-alkyl-, OH, oxo, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy which can be substituted by
one or
more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C2)-alkylenedioxy which can be substituted by one or
more
fluorine atoms, P-C4)-alkylmercapto, (Cl-C4)-alkylamino, di((Cj-C4)-
alkyl)amino,
((C1-C4)-alkyl)-CONH-, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((C1-C4)-
alkyloxy)carbonyl-,
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CONH2, CN and CF3, wherein all phenyl groups and heteroaryl groups can
independently of each other be substituted by one ore more identical or
different
substituents chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, CF3 and (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy.
More
particularly preferably the group R 8 in the compounds of the formulae I and
Ia is
chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy-(Cl-C2)-alkyl-, oxo, (Cl-
C4)-
alkyloxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C2)-
alkylenedioxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C4)-
alkylmercapto, ((C1-C4)-alkyl)-CONH-, di((Cj-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl- and CF3,
especially preferably from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, oxo, P-C4)-alkyloxy which
can be
substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, and CF3, more especially preferably
from
halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, oxo and CF3. Substituents R 8 which are present in a
non-
aromatic ring in the heterocycle formed by R' and R2 together with the N-CO
group
which carries them, in particular in the ring which contains the said N-CO
group, for
example in a non-aromatic monocyclic heterocycle formed by R' and R2 together
with the N-CO group, are preferably chosen from (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (C3-
C+cycloalkyl-
CnH2n-, phenyl-CnH2n-, heteroaryl-CnH2n-, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy-(Cl-C2)-alkyl-, OH,
oxo,
NH2, (Cl-C4)-alkylamino, di((C1-C4)-alkyl)amino and ((C1-C4)-alkyl)-CONH-,
more
preferably from (Cl-Ca)-alkyl, (C3-C+cycloalkyl-CnH2n-, phenyl-CõH2n-,
heteroaryl-
CnH2n- and oxo, particularly preferably from (Cl-C4)-alkyl and oxo, wherein
all phenyl
groups and heteroaryl groups can independently of each other be substituted by
one
ore more identical or different substituents chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-
alkyl, CF3
and (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy. The number of substituents R8 preferably is one, two,
three,
four or five, more preferably one, two, three or four, particularly preferably
one, two or
three, more particularly preferably one or two.
In the compounds of the formula Ia the group R" is preferably chosen from
hydrogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl and ((C1-C4)-alkyl)-CO-. Particularly preferably the
group R"
in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia is chosen from hydrogen and (Cl-C4)-
alkyl,
more particularly preferably from hydrogen and methyl. Especially preferably
R" is
hydrogen.
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In the compounds of the formula Ia the group R12 is preferably chosen from
hydrogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (C3-C7)-cycloaIkyI-CnH2n-, phenyl-CrH2n-, heteroaryl-
CnH2n-,
((C1-C4)-alkyl)-CO-, (C3-C,)-cycloalkyl-CnH2n-CO-, phenyl-CnH2n-CO-,
heteroaryl-
CnH2n-CO-, ((C1-C4)-alkyl)-O-CO- and phenyl-CnH2n-O-CO-, wherein all phenyl
groups and heteroaryl groups can be substituted by one or more identical or
different
substituents chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, CF3 and (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy.
Particularly preferably the group R12 in the compounds of the formulae I and
Ia is
chosen from hydrogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (C3-C7)-cycloalkyl-CnH2n-, ((C1-C4)-
alkyl)-CO-,
(C3-C7)-cycloalkyl-CnH2n-CO-, ((C1-C4)-alkyl)-O-CO- and phenyl-CnH2n-O-CO-,
more
particularly preferably from hydrogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (C3-C+cycloalkyl-CnH2n-,
((Cl-
C4)-alkyl)-CO-, (C3-C+cycloalkyl-CnHzn-CO- and ((C1-C4)-alkyl)-O-CO-,
especially
preferably from hydrogen, (CI-C4)-alkyl and (C3-C+cycloalkyl-CnH2n-, more
especially preferably from hydrogen and (Cl-C4)-alkyl. In one embodiment of
the
present invention the group R12 is hydrogen.
In the compounds of the formulae I and Ia the group R13 is preferably chosen
from
hydrogen and (Cl-C4)-alkyl and more preferably from hydrogen and methyl.
Particularly preferably R13 is hydrogen.
In the compounds of the formula Ia a heteroaryl group is preferably a 5-
membered or
6-membered, monocyclic aromatic group which contains one, two or three
identical
or different hetero ring members chosen from N, NR13, 0 and S. Particularly
preferably a heteroaryl group in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia is a 5-
membered or 6-membered, monocyclic aromatic group which contains one or two
identical or different hetero ring members chosen from N, NR13, 0 and S.
In the compounds of the formula Ia the number n is preferably 0, 1 or 2,
wherein all
numbers n are independent of each other and can be identical or different.
Particularly preferably the number n in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia
is 0 or
1, wherein all numbers n are independent of each other and can be identical or
different. An example of the group phenyl-Cr,H2n- in which the number n is 1
is the
benzyl group (= phenyl-CH2-).
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In preferred embodiments of the present invention one or more or all of the
groups
contained in the compounds of formulae I and Ia can independently of each
other
have any of the preferred definitions of the groups specified above or any one
or
some of the specific denotations which are comprised by the definitions of the
groups
and specified above, all combinations of preferred definitions and/or specific
denotations being a subject of the present invention. Also with respect to all
preferred
embodiments the invention includes the compounds of the formulae I and Ia in
all
stereoisomeric forms and mixtures of stereoisomeric forms in all ratios, and
their
physiologically acceptable salts, as well as their tautomeric forms.
For example, one such embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds
of
the formula Ia in which simultaneously
A is chosen from -CH2-CH2-CH2- and -Y-CH2-CH2- wherein all CH2 groups can be
substituted by one or more identical or different substituents R4, and wherein
Y is
chosen from 0, S and NR" and Y is bonded to the group Het;
Het is chosen from pyridinediyl, thiazolediyl, oxazolediyl, imidazolediyl and
thiophenediyl which can all be substituted by one or more identical or
different
substituents R5 and wherein one of the ring nitrogen atoms of the
imidazolediyl group
carries a group chosen from hydrogen and (Cl-Ca)-alkyl;
X is chosen from a direct bond and 0;
R' and R 2 are independently of each other chosen from (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (C3-C7)-
cycloalkyl-CnH2n-, phenyl-CnH2n-, and heteroaryi-CnH2n-, and R2 can in
addition be
hydrogen, wherein the groups (CI-C4)-alkyl and (C3-C7)-cycloalkyl can both be
substituted by one or more identical or different substituents R6, and all
phenyl
groups and heteroaryl groups can be substituted by one or more identical or
different
'
substituents R,
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or R' and R2, together with the N-CO group which carries them, form a 4-
membered
to 7-membered, monocyclic, saturated or unsaturated heterocycle which, in
addition
to the ring nitrogen atom being part of the N-CO group, can contain one
further
hetero ring member chosen from N, NR12, 0, S, SO and SO2, wherein the ring
5 formed by R' and R2 and the N-CO group which carries them can be substituted
by
one or more identical or different substituents R8;
R3 is phenyl which can be substituted by one or more identical or different
substituents which are chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C4)-alkyloxy-
(Cj-CZ)-
10 alkyl-, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine
atoms, (Cl-
C4)-alkylmercapto, (Cl-C4)-alkylamino, di((Cj-C4)-alkyl)amino, CONH2, CN, CF3
and
(C1-C4)-alkyl-S02-;
R4 is chosen from methyl and fluorine;
R5 is chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy-(CI-CZ)-alkyl-, OH,
(Cl-Ca)-
alkyloxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C4)-
alkylmercapto, NH2, (Cl-C4)-alkylamino, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl) amino, ((Cl-C4)-
alkyl)-
CONH-, CONH2, CN, CF3 and (C1-C4)-alkyl-SO2-;
R6 is chosen from fluorine, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy, di((C1-C4)-alkyl)amino, ((Cl-C4)-
alkyl)-
CONH-, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((C1-C4)-alkyloxy)carbonyl-, COOH and
CF3;
R' is chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy-(Cl-CZ)-alkyl-, OH,
(Cl-C4)-
alkyloxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C2)-
alkylenedioxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, NH2, (Cl-
C4)-
alkylamino, di((C1-C4)-alkyl)amino, ((CI-C4)-alkyl)-CONH-, CONH2, CN, CF3 and
(Cl-
C4)-alkyl-SO2-;
R8 is chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, phenyl-CnH2n-, heteroaryl-CnH2n-,
(Cl-C4)-
alkyloxy-(Cl-C2)-alkyl-, OH, oxo, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy which can be substituted by
one or
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more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C2)-alkylenedioxy which can be substituted by one or
more
fluorine atoms, (Cl-Ca)-alkylmercapto, (Cl-C4)-alkylamino, di((C1-C4)-
alkyl)amino,
((C1-C4)-alkyl)-CONH-, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((C1-Ca)-
alkyloxy)carbonyl-,
CONH2, CN and CF3, wherein all phenyl groups and heteroaryl groups can
independently of each other be substituted by one ore more identical or
different
substituents chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, CF3 and (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy;
R" is chosen from H and (Cl-C4)-alkyl;
R'Z is chosen from H, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (C3-C7)-cycloalkyl-CnH2n-, ((C1-C4)-
alkyl)-CO-,
(C3-C7)-cycloalkyl-CnH2t-CO- and ((C1-C4)-alkyl)-O-CO-;
R13 is chosen from hydrogen and (Cl-C4)-alkyl;
heteroaryl is a 5-membered or 6-membered, monocyclic aromatic group containing
one or two identical or different hetero ring members chosen from N, NR13, 0
and S;
n is 0 or 1, wherein all numbers n are independent of each other and can be
identical
or different;
in any of its stereoisomeric forms or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in any
ratio, or
a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.
Another such embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of the
formula Ia, in which simultaneously
A is chosen from -CH2-CH2-CH2- and -Y-CH2-CH2- wherein all CH2 groups can be
substituted by one or more identical or different substituents R4, and wherein
Y is
chosen from 0, S and NR" and Y is bonded to the group Het;
Het is chosen from pyridinediyl and thiazolediyl which can all be substituted
by one or
more identical or different substituents R5;
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X is a direct bond;
and the other groups are defined as in any other definition of the compounds
of the
formula Ia above or below;
in any of its stereoisomeric forms or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in any
ratio, or
a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.
Another such embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of the
formulae I and Ia in which simultaneously
A is chosen from -CH2-CH2-CH2- and -Y-CH2-CH2- wherein all CH2 groups can be
substituted by one or more identical or different substituents R4, and wherein
Y is
chosen from 0, S and NR" and Y is bonded to the group Het;
Het is chosen from pyridinediyl, thiazolediyl, oxazolediyl, imidazolediyl and
thiophenediyl which can all be substituted by one or more identical or
different
substituents R5 and wherein one of the ring nitrogen atoms of the
imidazolediyl group
carries a group chosen from hydrogen and (Cl-C4)-alkyl;
X is chosen from a direct bond and 0;
R' and R2, together with the N-CO group which carries them, form a 4-membered
to
7-membered, monocyclic, saturated or unsaturated heterocycle which, in
addition to
the ring nitrogen atom being part of the N-CO group, can contain one further
hetero
ring member chosen from N, NR12,0, S, SO and SO2, wherein the ring formed by
R'
and R2 and the N-CO group which carries them can be substituted by one or more
identical or different substituents R8;
R3 is phenyl which can be substituted by one or more identical or different
substituents which are chosen from halogen, (Cl-Ca)-alkyl, (C1-C4)-alkyloxy-
(Cj-C2)-
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43
alkyl-, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine
atoms, (Cl-
C4)-alkylmercapto, (Cl-C4)-alkylamino, di((C1-C4)-alkyl)amino, CONH2, CN, CF3
and
(C1-C4)-alkyl-SO2-;
R4 is chosen from methyl and fluorine;
R5 is chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy-(Cl-C2)-alkyl-, OH,
(Cl-C4)-
alkyloxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C4)-
alkylmercapto, NH2, (Cl-C4)-alkylamino, di((Cj-C4)-alkyl)amino, ((Cl-C4)-
alkyl)-
CONH-, CONH2, CN, CF3 and (C1-C4)-alkyl-SO2-;
R8 is chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, phenyl-CnH2n-, heteroaryl-CnH2n-,
(Cl-C4)-
alkyloxy-(Cl-C2)-alkyl-, OH, oxo, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy which can be substituted by
one or
more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C2)-alkylenedioxy which can be substituted by one or
more
fluorine atoms, (Cl-C4)-alkylmercapto, (Cl-C4)-alkylamino, di((Cl-C4)-
alkyl)amino,
((C1-C4)-alkyl)-CONH-, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((C1-C4)-
alkyloxy)carbonyl-,
CONH2, CN and CF3, wherein all phenyl groups and heteroaryl groups can
independently of each other be substituted by one ore more identical or
different
substituents chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, CF3 and (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy;
R" is chosen from H and (Cl-C4)-alkyl;
R12 is chosen from H, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (C3-C7)-cycloalkyl-CnH2n-, ((C1-C4)-
alkyl)-CO-,
(C3-C+cycloalkyl-CnH2n-CO- and ((C1-C4)-alkyl)-O-CO-;
R13 is chosen from hydrogen and (Cl-C4)-alkyl;
heteroaryl is a 5-membered or 6-membered, monocyclic aromatic group containing
one or two identical or different hetero ring members chosen from N, NR13, 0
and S;
n is 0 or 1, wherein all numbers n are independent of each other and can be
identical
or different;
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44
in any of its stereoisomeric forms or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in any
ratio, or
a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.
Another such embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of the
formulae I and Ia in which simultaneously
A is chosen from -CH2-CH2-CH2- and -Y-CH2-CH2- wherein Y is chosen from 0 and
NH and wherein Y is bonded to the group Het;
Het is chosen from pyridinediyl, thiazolediyl, oxazolediyl, imidazolediyl and
thiophenediyl which can all be substituted by one or more identical or
different
substituents R5 and wherein one of the ring nitrogen atoms of the
imidazolediyl group
carries a group chosen from hydrogen and (CI-C4)-alkyl;
X is chosen from a direct bond and 0;
R' and R2, together with the N-CO group which carries them, form a 4-membered
to
7-membered, monocyclic, saturated or unsaturated heterocycle which, in
addition to
the nitrogen atom being part of the N-CO group, can contain one further hetero
ring
member chosen from NR12, 0 and S, wherein the ring formed by R' and R2 and the
N-CO group which carries them can be substituted by one or more identical or
different substituents R8;
R3 is phenyl which can be substituted by one or more identical or different
substituents which are chosen from halogen, (CI-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C4)-alkyloxy-
(Cj-C2)-
alkyl-, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine
atoms, (Cl-
C4)-alkylmercapto, (Cl-C4)-alkylamino, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)amino, CONH2, CN, CF3
and
(C1-C4)-alkyl-S02-;
R5 is chosen from halogen, P-C4)-alkyl, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy-(Cl-C2)-alkyl-, OH,
(Cl-C4)-
alkyloxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C4)-
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alkylmercapto, NH2, (CI-C4)-alkylamino, di((Cj-C4)-alkyl)amino, ((Cl-C4)-
alkyl)-
CONH-, CONHZ, CN, CF3 and (C1-C4)-alkyl-S02-;
R8 is chosen from (Cl-C4)-alkyl and oxo;
5
R12 is chosen from H and (Cl-C4)-alkyl-;
in any of its stereoisomeric forms or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in any
ratio, or
a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.
Another such embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of the
formulae I and Ia in which simultaneously
A is chosen from -CH2-CH2-CH2- and -Y-CH2-CH2- wherein Y is chosen from 0 and
NH and Y is bonded to the group Het;
Het is a pyridinediyl or thiazolediyl group which can all be substituted by
one or more
identical or different substituents R5;
X is a direct bond;
R' and R2, together with the N-CO group which carries them, form a saturated
or
unsaturated, monocyclic 4-membered to 7-membered ring which, in addition to
the
ring nitrogen atom being part of the N-CO group, can contain one further
hetero ring
member chosen from NR12, 0 and S, wherein the ring formed by R' and R2 and the
N-CO group which carries them can be substituted by one or more identical or
different substituents R8;
R3 is phenyl which can be substituted by one or more identical or different
substituents which are chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C4)-alkyloxy-
(Cj-C2)-
alkyl-, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine
atoms, (Cl-
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46
C4)-alkylmercapto, (Cl-C4)-alkylamino, di((C1-C4)-alkyl)amino, CONH2, CN, CF3
and
(CI-C4)-alkyl-S02-;
R5 is chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy-(Cl-C2)-alkyl-, OH,
(Cl-C4)-
alkyloxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C4)-
alkylmercapto, NH2, (Cl-C4)-alkylamino, di((C1-C4)-alkyl)amino, ((Cl-C4)-
alkyl)-
CONH-, CONH2, CN, CF3 and (C1-C4)-alkyl-SO2-;
R 8 is chosen from (Cl-C4)-alkyl and oxo;
R12 is chosen from H and (Cl-C4)-alkyl-;
in any of its stereoisomeric forms or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in any
ratio, or
a physiologically acceptable salt thereof;
where in this embodiment the group Het preferably is a pyridinediyl group
which can
be substituted by one or more identical or different substituents R5.
Another such embodiment of the present invention relates to novel compounds of
the
formula I
O
R3iX~ HetiA,, N)~ R~
1
R2
in which
A is chosen from -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2- and -Y-CH2-CH2-, wherein all CH2
groups can be substituted by one or more identical or different substituents
R4, and
wherein Y is chosen from 0, S and NR" and Y is bonded to the group Het;
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47
Het is a 5-membered or 6-membered, monocyclic aromatic group which contains
one
or two identical or different hetero ring members chosen from N, NR13, 0 and S
and
which can be substituted by one or more identical or different substituents
R5;
X is chosen from a direct bond, CH2, 0 and NH;
R' and R2 are independently of each other chosen from P-C6)-alkyl, (C3-C6)-
alkenyl, (C3-C6)-alkynyl, (C3-C+cycloalkyl-CnH2n-, phenyl-CnH2n- and
heteroaryl-
CõH2i-, and R2 can in addition be hydrogen, wherein the groups (Cl-Cs)-alkyl,
(C3-
C+cycloalkyl, (C3-C6)-alkenyl and (C3-C6)-alkynyl can all be substituted by
one or
more identical or different substituents R6, and the groups CnH2n can all be
substituted by one or more identical or different substituents chosen from
fluorine and
(Cl-C4)-alkyl, and all phenyl groups and heteroaryl groups can independently
of each
other be substituted by one or more identical or different substituents R7,
or R' and R2, together with the N-CO group which carries them, form a 4-
membered
to 10-membered, monocyclic or bicyclic, saturated or unsaturated ring which,
in
addition to the ring nitrogen atom being part of the N-CO group, can contain
one or
two further hetero ring members chosen from N, NR12, O, S, SO and SO2 which
can
be identical or different, with the proviso that two ring members from the
series 0, S,
SO and SOZ cannot be present in adjacent ring positions, wherein the ring
formed by
R' and R 2 and the N-CO group which carries them can be substituted by one or
more
identical or different substituents R8;
R3 is chosen from phenyl, naphthalenyl and heteroaryl which can all be
substituted
by one or more identical or different substituents chosen from halogen, (Cl-
C4)-alkyl,
(Cl-C4)-alkyloxy-(Cl-C2)-alkyl-, OH, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy which can be substituted
by one
or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-CZ)-alkylenedioxy which can be substituted by one
or
more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C4)-alkylmercapto, NH2, (Cl-C4)-alkylamino, di((Cl-
C4)-
alkyl)amino, ((C1-C4)-alkyl)-CONH-, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((Cl-Ca)-
alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((C1-C4)-alkyloxy)carbonyl-, COOH, CONH2, CN, CF3,
H2NSO2-
and (CI-C4)-alkyl-SO2-;
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48
R4 is chosen from (Cl-C4)-alkyl and fluorine;
R5 is chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (CI-C4)-alkyloxy-(Cl-C2)-alkyl-, OH,
(Cl-C4)-
alkyloxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (CI-C4)-
alkylmercapto, NH2, (Cl-C4)-alkylamino, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)amino, ((Cl-C4)-
alkyl)-
CONH-, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((Cl-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((Cl-
C4)-
alkyloxy)carbonyl-, COOH, CONH2, CN, CF3 and (C1-C4)-alkyl-S02-;
R6 is chosen from fluorine, OH, oxo, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy, (Cl-C4)-alkylmercapto,
di((Cl-
C4)-alkyl)amino, ((CI-C4)-alkyl)-CONH-, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((Cl-
C4)-
alkyloxy)carbonyl-, COOH, CONH2, CN and CF3;
R7 is chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy-(Cl-C2)-alkyl-, OH,
(Cl-C4)-
alkyloxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (CI-C2)-
alkylenedioxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C4)-
alkylmercapto, NH2, (Cl-C4)-alkylamino, di((C1-C4)-alkyl)amino, ((Cl-C4)-
alkyl)-
CONH-, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((C1-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((Cl-
C4)-
alkyloxy)carbonyl-, COOH, CONH2, CN, CF3, H2NSO2- and (C1-C4)-alkyl-S02-;
R8 is chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (C3-C+cycloalkyl-CnHZn-, phenyl-
Cr,H2n-,
heteroaryl-CnH2n-, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy-(Cl-C2)-alkyl-, OH, oxo, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy
which
can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (CI-C2)-alkylenedioxy which
can
be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C4)-alkylmercapto, NH2, (Cl-
C4)-
alkylamino, di((Cl-C4)-alkyl)amino, ((CI-C4)-alkyl)-CONH-, di((Cl-C4)-
alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((Cl-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-, ((Cl-C4)-
alkyloxy)carbonyl-,
COOH, CONH2, CN, CF3, H2NSO2- and (C1-C4)-alkyl-SO2-, wherein all phenyl
groups
and heteroaryl groups can independently of each other be substituted by one or
more
identical or different substituents chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, CF3
and (Cl-
C4)-alkyloxy;
R" is chosen from hydrogen, (CI-C4)-alkyl and ((C1-C4)-alkyl)-CO-;
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R12 is chosen from hydrogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (C3-C+cycloalkyl-CnH2n-, phenyl-
CnH2n-,
heteroaryl-CnHzn-, ((Cl-C4)-alkyl)-CO-, (C3-C+cycloalkyl-CnH2n-CO-, phenyl-
CnH2n-
CO-, heteroaryl-CnH2n-CO-, ((Cl-C4)-alkyl)-O-CO- and phenyl-CnHZn-O-CO-,
wherein
all phenyl groups and heteroaryl groups can be substituted by one or more
identical
or different substituents chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, CF3 and (Cl-C4)-
alkyloxy;
R13 is chosen from hydrogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl and phenyl-CnH2n-, wherein the
phenyl
group can be substituted by one or more identical or different substituents
chosen
from halogen, (CI-C4)-alkyl, CF3 and (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy, where all groups R13
are
independent of each other and can be identical or different;
heteroaryl is a 5-membered or 6-membered, monocyclic aromatic group which
contains one, two or three identical or different hetero ring members chosen
from N,
NR13, O and S;
n is 0, 1 or 2, where all numbers n are independent of each other and can be
identical or different;
in any of its stereoisomeric forms or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in any
ratio, or
a physiologically acceptable salt thereof;
excluding compounds comprised by this definition which have already been
described such as 2-(2-acetylaminoethylamino)-3-cyano-5-(pyridin-4-
yl)pyridine, 2-
(2-propionylaminoethylamino)-3-cyano-5-(pyridin-4-yl)pyridine and 3-cyano-2-(2-
nicotinoylaminoethylamino)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)pyridine.
Another such embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of the
formula la in which simultaneously
A is chosen from -CH2-CH2-CH2- and -Y-CH2-CH2- wherein Y is chosen from 0 and
NH and wherein Y is bonded to the group Het;
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Het is chosen from the pyridinediyl, thiazolediyl, oxazolediyl, imidazolediyl
and
thiophenediyl which can all be substituted by one or more identical or
different
substituents R5 and wherein one of the ring nitrogen atoms of the
imidazolediyl group
5 carries a group chosen from hydrogen and (Cl-C4)-alkyl;
X is absent and the phenyl group representing the group R3 is fused to the
group Het;
R' and R2, together with the N-CO group which carries them, form a 4-membered
to
10 7-membered, monocyclic, saturated or unsaturated heterocycle which, in
addition to
the ring nitrogen atom being part of the N-CO group, can contain one further
hetero
ring member chosen from NR12, 0 and S, wherein the ring formed by R' and R2
and
the N-CO group which carries them can be substituted by one or more identical
or
different substituents R8;
R3 is phenyl which can be substituted by one or more identical or different
substituents which are chosen from halogen, (Cl-C4)-alkyl, (Cj-C4)-alkyloxy-
(Cj-C2)-
alkyl-, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine
atoms, (Cl-
C4)-alkylmercapto, (CI-C4)-alkylamino, di((C1-C4)-alkyl)amino, CONH2, CN, CF3
and
(Cl-C4)-alkyl-S02-;
R5 is chosen from halogen, (CI-C4)-alkyl, (Cl-C4)-alkyloxy-(Cl-C2)-alkyl-, OH,
(Cl-Ca)-
alkyloxy which can be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, (Cl-C4)-
alkylmercapto, NH2, (Cl-Ca)-alkylamino, di((C1-C4)-alkyl)amino, ((Cl-C4)-
alkyl)-
CONH-, CONH2, CN, CF3 and (Cl-C4)-alkyl-S02-;
R 8 is chosen from (Cl-C4)-alkyl and oxo;
R'Z is chosen from H and (CI-C4)-alkyl-;
in any of its stereoisomeric forms or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in any
ratio, or
a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.
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Besides the use of the compounds of the formula Ia defined afore in which the
group
X is absent, for the manufacture of a medicament for the stimulation of the
expression of endothelial NO synthase and for the treatment of a disease in
which
such a stimulation, or an increase in NO level, is desired, for example
cardiovascular
disorders such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease or cardiac
insufficiency or
any other diseases mentioned above or below herein, also the novel compounds
of
the formula Ia defined afore in which the group X is absent, themselves, i.e.
the novel
compounds per se, are a subject of the present invention.
As in any embodiment of the invention, in the preceding embodiments, which
contain
exemplary definitions of compounds according to the invention, one or more or
all of
the groups can have any of its preferred definitions specified above or any
one or
some of the specific denotations which are comprised by its definitions and
are
specified above.
A further embodiment of the present invention relates to any of the individual
compounds of the formulae I and Ia which are specifically disclosed herein,
including
the compounds of all examples described below, in the form of the respective
free
compound as well as in the form of the physiologically acceptable salts
thereof in
general and, if a specific salt is disclosed herein, in the form of this
specific salt, as
well as to all tautomeric forms of the free compounds and their salts if
tautomeric
forms exist. I.e., this embodiment encompasses the physiologically acceptable
salts
in general of any individual compound specifically disclosed herein,
irrespective
thereof whether the compound is specifically disclosed as the free compound or
as a
specific salt. For example, as regards the compound 1-(3-(6-(2-
fluorophenyl)pyridin-
3-yl)propyl)piperidin-2-one which is specifically disclosed as the free
compound,
subjects of the present invention are "1-(3-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yl)propyl)piperidin-2-one" and "1-(3-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yl)propyl)piperidin-2-
one or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof'. As regards the compound 4-
(3-(6-
phenylpyridin-3-yl)propyl)thiomorpholin-3-one which is specifically disclosed
as its
trifluoroacetic acid salt, subjects of the present invention are "4-(3-(6-
phenylpyridin-3-
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52
yI)propyl)thiomorpholin-3-one", "4-(3-(6-phenylpyridin-3-
yl)propyl)thiomorpholin-3-one
or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof' and "4-(3-(6-phenylpyridin-3-
yl)propyl)thiomorpholin-3-one trifluoroacetic acid salt". Thus, a subject of
the present
invention is a compound chosen from all individual compounds which are
specifically
disclosed herein, irrespective thereof whether they are disclosed as the free
compound or as a specific salt, including the compounds
1-(3-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)-1 H-pyridin-2-one,
1-(3-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)piperidin-2-one,
4-(3-(6-phenylpyridin-3-yl)propyl)thiomorpholin-3-one,
1-(3-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)pyrrolid in-2-one,
1-(3-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)piperidine-2,6-dione,
1-(3-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)azepan-2-one,
4-(3-(6-(2-chlorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)thiomorpholin-3-one,
4-(3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrid in-3-yl)propyl)thiomorpholin-3-one,
4-(3-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)thiomorpholin-3-one,
1-(3-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
3-(3-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione,
1-(3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)pyrrolidin-2-one,
1-(3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
3-(3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione,
1-(3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)azetidin-2-one,
1-(3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)piperidin-2-one,
1-(3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrid in-3-yl)propyl)azepan-2-one,
4-(3-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)-4H-[1,4]thiazin-3-one,
3-(3-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione,
1-(3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrid in-3-yl)propyl)piperidine-2,6-d ione,
3-(3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione,
1-(3-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)azetidin-2-one,
1-(3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrid in-3-yl)propyl)-1 H-pyrid in-2-one,
4-(3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)-4H-[1,4]thiazin-3-one,
1 -(2-(6-(2-fluorop henyl)pyrid in-3-yloxy)ethyl)p iperid i n-2-one,
1-(2-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)azetidin-2-one,
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53
1-(2-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2, 5-dione,
3-(2-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione,
3-(2-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)imidazolid ine-2,4-d ione,
1-(2-(5-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one,
1-(2-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(4-fluorophenyl) pyrid i n-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrole-2, 5-d ione,
1-(2-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)-1 H-pyridin-2-one,
1-(2-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl)imidazolidin-2-one,
3-(2-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione,
3-(3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-
dione,
3-(3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrid in-3-yl)propyl)oxazol id i n-2-one,
1-(2-(6-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(6-fl u oropyrid i n-3-yl ) pyrid i n-3-yl oxy)ethyl) pyrro l id i ne-
2, 5-d io ne,
1-(2-(6-(4-methylthiophen-2-yl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(2-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2, 5-
dione,
1-(2-(6-(6-m eth oxypyri d i n-3-yl) pyrid i n-3-yloxy)ethyl) pyrro l id i ne-
2, 5-d i o ne,
1-(2-(6-(pyridin-3-yl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(3,4-d imethoxyphenyl)pyrid in-3-yloxy)ethyl) pyrrol id i ne-2, 5-d
ione,
1-(2-(6-(4-cyanophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolid ine-2, 5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(3-cyanophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(naphthalen-2-yl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(naphthalen-1-yl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(3-acetylaminophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(4-trifl uoromethylp henyl) pyrid i n-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrol id i ne-2,
5-d ione,
1-(2-(6-(3, 5-d ich lorophenyl)pyrid in-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrol id i ne-2, 5-d
ione,
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54
1-(2-(6-(3-trif l u o romethyl p he nyl) pyrid i n-3-yloxy)ethyl) pyrro l id i
ne-2, 5-d ione,
1-(2-(6-(3,4-difluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(3,5-difluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
1 -(2-(6-(4-tert-b utylp henyl)pyrid in-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolid ine-2, 5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(4-ethoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(2-fluoropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(2, 5-d ifluorophenyl) pyrid i n-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrol id i ne-2, 5-d
ione,
1-(2-(6-(4-d imethylaminophenyl)pyrid in-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolid ine-2, 5-d
ione,
1-(2-(6-(3-ch loropyrid i n-4-yl) pyrid in-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolid ine-2, 5-d
ione,
1-(2-(6-(5-cyanothiophen-2-yl)pyridin-3-yioxy)ethyl)pyrrolid ine-2, 5-d ione,
1-(2-(6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-
dione,
1-(2-(6-(3-fluoropyridin-4-yl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2, 5-dione,
1-(2-(6-(pyrimidin-5-yl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
4-(3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propylcarbamoyl)butyric acid,
2-(2-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl)isoindole-1, 3-d ione,
1-(2-(5-(1-methyl-1 H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidin-2-
one,
N-(2-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl)acetamide,
2-(2-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione,
4-ch loro-N-(2-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)th iazol-2-ylam ino)ethyl)benzamide,
4-aminofurazan-3-carboxylic acid (2-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-
ylamino)ethyl)amide,
N-(2-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl)isonicotinamide,
N-(2-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)acetamide,
N-(2-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyrid in-3-yloxy)ethyl)benzamide,
cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (2-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)amide,
1-(2-(6-(quinolin-8-yll)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2, 5-d ione,
1-(2-(6-(4-methylsulfonylaminophenyl)pyridin-3-yioxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-
dione, and
1-(2-(6-(3-methylsulfonylaminophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-
dione,
or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.
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A further subject of the present invention are processes of preparation by
which the
compounds of the formulae I and Ia or salts thereof are obtainable. There are
several
ways of preparing the compounds by piecing suitable building blocks together.
According to one of the processes, by which compounds of the formulae I and Ia
can
5 be synthesized in which the group A denotes -Y-CH2-CH2-, i.e. compounds of
the
formula lb in which the groups Het, X, Y, R1, R2 and R3 are defined as in the
compounds of the formulae I and Ia, a compound of the formula IV and a
compound
of the formula V are linked in a standard alkylation reaction.
O
1
LN 'J~
R1 V 0
R2
R3iX*" HetiY~H R3iX~Het YN""\N)~ 1
I R
RZ
IV
O lb
2
L'L HN R1
X Y 12
VI R ~Het N - 1 1 - 1 ~ L R
VIII
10 VII
In the compounds of the formulae IV and V the groups Het, X, Y, R1, R 2 and R3
are
defined as in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia and, in addition, any
functional
groups can be present in protected form or in the form of precursor groups
which are
15 later converted into the desired groups. The compounds of the formulae IV
and V can
also be employed in the form of salts. The group L1 in the compounds of the
formula
V is a leaving group which is nucleophilically substitutable by the amino
group,
hydroxyl group or mercapto group representing the group -Y-H in the compounds
of
the formula IV. Examples of suitable leaving groups L1 are halogen, in
particular
20 chlorine and bromine, and aryisulfonyloxy groups and alkylsulfonyloxy
groups such
as benzenesulfonyloxy, toluenesulfonyloxy, nitrobenzenesulfonyloxy,
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56
methanesulfonyloxy and trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy. When compounds of the
formula V containing such leaving groups L' are employed, for binding the
liberated
acid of the formula L'-H and/or enhancing the nucleophilicity of the compound
of the
formula IV in the alkylation reaction it is often advantageous to employ a
suitable
base such as an amine, for example a tertiary amine like triethylamine,
ethyldiisopropylamine, pyridine, an amide salt, for example sodium amide or
lithium
diisopropylamide, an organometallic compound, for example an organolithium
compound like n-butyllithium, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydride,
for
example lithium hydride, sodium hydride or calcium hydride, an alkali metal or
alkaline earth metal hydroxide or quaternary ammonium hydroxide, for example
lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide,
benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal
alkoxide,
for example sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium methoxide, potassium
ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, or another basic alkaline metal or earth
alkaline
metal compound, for example a carbonate like sodium carbonate, potassium
carbonate, cesium carbonate, a hydrogencarbonate like sodium
hydrogencarbonate,
potassium hydrogencarbonate, or another basic salt, or a mixture of two or
more
bases. The base can be employed before the actual alkylation reaction is
performed
in order to convert the compound of the formula IV into its corresponding
salt. The
reaction of the compounds of the formulae IV and V is usually carried out in
an inert
solvent, which can be protic or aprotic and aqueous or non-aqueous, such as a
hydrocarbon or chlorinated hydrocarbon, for example n-heptane, toluene,
xylene,
chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, an ether, for example diethyl ether,
diisopropyl
ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane (= DME), tetrahydrofuran (= THF), dioxane, an
ester, for
example ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, an amide, for example N,N-
dimethylformamide
(= DMF), N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (= NMP), a nitrile, for example
acetonitrile, an
alcohol, for example methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, or another
solvent,
for example water, pyridine, dimethyl sulfoxide (= DMSO), or a mixture of two
or
more solvents, including a mixture of water and an organic solvent which is
miscible
or immiscible with water. The reaction of the compounds of the formulae IV and
V
can be carried out in a wide temperature range. Usually it is advantageous to
perform
the reaction at temperatures from about -20 C to about the boiling point of
the
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57
solvent used, preferably at from about 0 C to about 100 C. As is usual, the
detailed
conditions of a specific preparation, including the solvent, the base, the
temperature,
the order of addition, the molar ratios and other parameters, are routinely
chosen by
the person skilled in the art in view of the characteristics of the starting
compounds
and the target compound.
Besides halogen or a sulfonyloxy group, the leaving group L' can also be a
hydroxyl
group, for example, and the linking of the compounds of the formulae IV and V
be
effected under the conditions of the Mitsunobu reaction. In such a reaction a
hydroxyl
compound is activated by reaction with an azodicarboxylic acid ester like
diethyl
azodicarboxylate (DEAD) or diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD) and a phosphane
like triphenylphosphane or tributylphosphane, and becomes susceptible to
nucleophilic substitution. The reaction can usually be carried under mild
conditions in
an aprotic solvent like an ether, for example tetrahydrofuran or dioxane, at
temperatures from about 0 C to about room temperature. Details on the
Mitsunobu
reaction are given, for example, in Mitsunobu, Synthesis (1981) 1.
Instead of reacting the compound of the formula IV with the compound of the
formula
V and thereby simultaneously introducing the group -CH2-CH2- and the group
-N(R2)-CO-Rl, these two groups can also be introduced stepwise by first
reacting a
compound of the formula IV with a compound of the formula VI and then reacting
the
obtained compound of the formula VII, or a compound generated from the
compound
of the formula VII, with a compound of the formula VIII. In the compounds of
the
formulae IV, VI, VII and VIII the groups Het, X, Y, R1, R2, R3 and L' are
defined as in
the compounds of the formulae I and Ia and the compounds of the formula V and,
in
addition, any functional groups can be present in protected form or in the
form of
precursor groups which are later converted into the desired groups. The
compounds
of the formulae IV, VI and VII can also be employed in the form of salts. The
group L2
in the compounds of the formulae VI and VII can be a nucleophilically
substitutable
leaving group like the group L' and be defined as the group L' in the compound
of
the formula V, and be identical to or different from L'. If L2 is a leaving
group, the
formation of the desired product of the formula VII in the reaction of the
compounds
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58
of the formulae IV and VI can be achieved by employing suitable reaction
conditions,
for example employing an excess of the compound of the formula VI, or by
employing a compound of the formula VI which contains two leaving groups L'
and L2
of different reactivity. The group L 2 in the compound of the formula VI,
instead of
being a leaving group, can also be a protected form of a leaving group or a
precursor
of a leaving group which is converted into a leaving group in the compound of
the
formula VII. For example, the group L2 in the compound of the formula VI can
be a
hydroxyl group, or the group L2 in the compound of the formula VI can be an
esterified or etherified hydroxyl group which in the compound of the formula
VII is
converted into a hydroxyl group, and the hydroxyl group representing the group
L2 in
the obtained compound of the formula VII can be converted into a halogen atom
or a
sulfonyloxy group, for example a bromine atom by treatment with hydrogen
bromide
or phosphorus tribromide or a methanesulfonyloxy group by treatment with
methanesulfonyl chloride. Such conversions can be performed under standard
conditions known to the skilled person. Another example of such a compound of
the
formula VI is a 2-halogen-substituted acetic acid ester, for example a 2-
bromoacetic
acid (Cl-C4)-alkyl ester. After alkylation of the compound of the compound of
the
formula IV with such an ester to give a compound of the formula VII in which
the
-CH2-CH2-L2 moiety is replaced with a-CH2-CO-O-(C1-Ca)-alkyl moiety, the ester
group can be reduced to a hydroxyl group, for example with a complex hydride
reducing agent such as lithium borohydride, to give a compound of the formula
VII in
which L2 is hydroxyl, which can then be converted into a compound of the
formula VII
in which L2 is methanesulfonyloxy, for example. All the above explanations on
the
reaction of the compounds of the formulae IV and V, for example with respect
to
bases which may be added, apply correspondingly to the reactions of the
compounds
of the formulae IV and VI and the reaction of the compounds of the formulae
VII and
VIII.
Instead of introducing the group Y by means of the same starting compound
which
introduces the R3-X-Het- moiety, the group Y can also be introduced by means
of the
starting compound which introduces the -N(R2)-CO-R' moiety, and a compound of
the formula lb prepared by reaction of suitable compounds of the formulae IX
and X.
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59
O
'Y~~N~ R 1 X
H 12 O
R3iX~ iL Het RHet Y~\N-'k '
R
IR2
IX Ib
In the compounds of the formulae IX and X the groups Het, X, Y, R1, R2 and R3
are
defined as in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia and, in addition, any
functional
groups can be present in protected form or in the form of precursor groups
which are
later converted into the desired groups. The group L3 in the compounds of the
formula IX is a leaving group which can be replaced with the group Y in a
nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Examples of leaving groups L3 in
a
compound of the formula IX which can undergo such a reaction, are halogen, for
example chlorine, bromine or iodine, and sulfonyloxy groups such as
trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy. The compounds of the formulae IX and X can also
be
employed in the form of salts. All the above explanations on the reaction of
the
compounds of the formulae IV and V, for example with respect to bases which
may
be added, apply to the reaction of the compounds of the formulae IX and X
correspondingly.
The starting compounds of the formulae IV, V, VI, VIII, IX and X, as well as
other
starting compounds for the preparation of the compounds of the invention
discussed
herein, are commercially available or can be prepared according to, or
analogously
to, procedures which are described in the literature and familiar to the
person skilled
in the art. Compounds of the formulae IV and IX, for example, in which the
group X is
0, S, NH or N((Cl-Ca)-alkyl), can be obtained in a nucleophilic aromatic
substitution
reaction, similarly to the reaction of the compounds of the formulae IX and X,
from a
respective compound of the formula R3-X-H and a suitable heteroaromatic
compound
containing a leaving group. Compounds of the formulae IV and IX in which the
group
X is CH2 can be obtained by reaction of a metalated heteroaromatic compound
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comprising the group Het with an alkylating agent which introduces the R3-CH2-
moiety, or by reduction of a compound which contains a R3-CO-Het- or
R3-CH(OH)-Het- moiety which can in turn be obtained by an acylation reaction
or by
reaction of an aidehyde with a metalated heteroaromatic compound. Compounds of
5 the formula IV and IX in which the group X is a direct bond, can be obtained
in a
transition metal-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction from a halogen-substituted
heteroaromatic compound comprising the group Het and a boronic acid
derivative.
Compounds of the formulae V and X can be obtained by acylating amines of the
formulae L'-CH2-CH2-N(R2)-H and H-Y-CH2-CH2-N(R2)-H or alkylating amides of
the
10 formula VIII and optionally modifying a group in a desired manner, for
example
converting a hydroxyl group representing the group H-Y- into a halogen atom or
a
sulfonyloxy group representing the group L', such as a bromine atom by
treatment
with hydrogen bromide or phosphorus tribromide or a methanesulfonyloxy group
by
treatment with methanesulfonyl chloride under standard conditions (cf., for
example,
15 the preparation of methanesulfonic acid 2-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl
ester from
methanesulfonyl chloride and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione described
in
WO 2004/089903). Compounds of the formula VIII can be obtained by acylation of
amines of the formula R2-NH2 or, in case R' and R2 together with the N-CO
group
which carries them form a ring, from suitable bifunctional starting compounds
such as
20 from amino-substituted carboxylic acids by cyclization or from dicarboxylic
acids by
conversion into the imides, for example.
Compounds of the formulae I and Ia in which the group A denotes -CH2-CH2- or
-CH2-CH2-CH2-, i.e. compounds of the formula Ic in which the number p is 0 or
1 and
25 all other groups are defined as in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia,
can be
prepared by reacting a compound of the formula IX with an amide of the formula
XI
or XIII which comprises a terminal alkenyl or alkynyl moiety, respectively, in
the
unsaturated substituent on the nitrogen atom to give an intermediate of the
formula
XII or XIV which can then be converted into a compound of the formula Ic by
catalytic
30 hydrogenation, for example in the presence of a palladium catalyst.
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61
0
X ~/(CH2)p
0 R3~ ~Het~ N-1k ' R XII
'Z~~(CHZ)p~ ~ 12
N R' R
xi RZ
3,-'X~ ~L3 3~-X"l ,,-,,_,(CH2)p
R Het R Het Nll~ N R'
2
IX Ic R
O
(CH2)p, N ~ R
R2 (CH2\ ~
xiii R3~X~Het N R~ XIV
RZ
In the compounds of the formulae IX and XI to XIV the groups Het, X, R', R2
and R3
are defined as in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia and, in addition, any
functional groups can be present in protected form or in the form of precursor
groups
which are later converted into the desired groups. The number p in the
compounds of
the formulae XI to XIV is 0 or 1. Like the -CH2-CH2-CH2- and -CH2-CH2- groups
representing the group A in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia, the
alkenyl and
alkynyl group in the compounds of the formulae XI to XIV can optionally be
substituted by suitable substituents, for example alkyl substituents. The
group L3 in
the compounds of the formula IX is a leaving group such as halogen, for
example
chlorine, bromine or iodine, or a sulfonyloxy group, for example
trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy, as explained above. The reaction of a compound of
the
formula IX with a compound of the formula XI or XIII is carried out under the
conditions of the well-known Heck reaction and Sonogashira reaction,
respectively, in
the presence of a transition metal catalyst such as a palladium catalyst and,
in the
case of the Sonogashira reaction, a copper co-catalyst such as copper iodide
(cf. de
Meijere et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 33 (1994) 2379).
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A further process for the preparation of compounds of the formulae I and Ia in
which
the group A denotes -CH2-CH2- or -CH2-CH2-CH2-, i.e. compounds of the formula
Ic
in which the number p is 0 or 1 and the other groups are defined as in the
compounds of the formulae I and Ia, starts from heteroaromatic aldehydes of
the
formula XV in which the carbon chain can be elongated to give the hydroxyalkyl
compounds of the formula XVI which, after conversion of the hydroxyl group
into a
leaving group to give the compounds of the formula XVII, can be used for the
alkylation of compounds of the formula VIII to give compounds of the formula
Ic.
3~X"l ",CHO X ~/(CH2)p OH
R Het R3~ Het XVI
XV
O
Ar" H,~Ik 1
I2 O
R3~X~ (CH2p L4 R Rs~X~ Het \~(CH2\ ~ ~
H et N R
XVII VIII Ic R2
In the compounds of the formulae VIII and XV to XVII the groups Het, X, R1, R2
and
R3 are defined as in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia and, in addition,
any
functional groups can be present in protected form or in the form of precursor
groups
which are later converted into the desired groups. The number p in the
compounds of
the formulae XVI and XVII is 0 or 1. Like the -CH2-CH2-CH2- and -CH2-CH2-
groups
representing the group A in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia, the carbon
chains in the compounds of the formulae XV to XVII can optionally be
substituted by
suitable substituents, for example alkyl substituents. In case the carbon atom
adjacent to the group Het carries an alkyl group, the starting compound of the
formula XV can thus also be a ketone instead of an aldehyde. The group L4 in
the
compounds of the formula XVII is a nucleophilically substitutable leaving
group.
Similarly as explained above with respect to the leaving group L', examples of
suitable leaving groups L4 are halogen, in particular chlorine and bromine,
and
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63
arylsulfonyloxy groups and alkylsulfonyloxy groups such as benzenesulfonyloxy,
toluenesulfonyloxy, nitrobenzenesulfonyloxy, methanesulfonyloxy and
trifluoromethanesu Ifonyloxy.
For elongating the carbon chain by two carbon atoms, the compound of the
formula
XV can be condensed under the conditions of the Knoevenagel reaction with a
malonic acid derivative, or under the conditions of the Wittig-Horner reaction
with a
di((Cl-C4)-alkyl) ((Cl-C4)-alkyloxy)carbonylmethylphosphonate, for example. In
the
intermediate heteroaromatic cinnamic acid derivative of the formula R3-X-Het-
CH=CH-COOR30, in which R30 can be (Cl-C4)-alkyl or hydrogen, the -CH=CH-
moiety
can be converted into a -CH2-CH2- moiety by catalytic hydrogenation, for
example in
the presence of a palladium catalyst, and the COOR30 moiety reduced to a -CH2-
OH
moiety, for example by reduction with a complex borohydride or aluminum
hydride
such as lithium borohydride, to give a compound of the formula XVI in which p
is 1.
For elongating the carbon chain by one carbon atom, a compound of the formula
XV
can be condensed under the conditions of the Wittig reaction with a
methoxymethyltriphenylphosphonium salt, for example, and in the intermediate
compound of the formula R3-X-Het-CH=CH-OCH3 the vinyl ether moiety
-CH=CH-OCH3 can be hydrolyzed under acidic conditions to give the aldehyde
moiety -CH2-CHO which can be reduced to a -CH2-CH2-OH moiety by means of a
complex borohydride or by catalytic hydrogenation to give a compound of the
formula
XVI in which p is 0. Similarly as outlined above with respect to the compounds
of the
formula V and VII, the conversion of the hydroxyalkyl compound of the formula
XVI
into the compound of the formula XVII can be accomplished by means of a
halogenating agent such as thionyl chloride, phosphorus tribromide or hydrogen
bromide in case L4 is halogen, or a sulfonyl chloride or a sulfonic acid
anhydride such
as methanesulfonyl chloride or trifluoromethanesulfonyl anhydride, for
example, in
case L4 is a sulfonyloxy group. All the above explanations on the reaction of
the
compounds of the formulae IV and V, for example with respect to bases which
may
be added, apply correspondingly to the reaction of the compounds of the
formulae
XVII and VIII. The compounds of the formulae XVII and VIII can also be
employed in
the form of their salts.
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Instead of starting in the preparation of a target compound of the formula I
or Ia from
a compound which already comprises all the groups R3, X and Het, such as a
compound of the formula IV or IX or XVI, it is also possible to start from a
compound
which only comprises the group Het or the groups X and Het, for example, and
to
introduce the group R3 or the moiety R3-X- in a later step, or in the last
step of the
reaction sequence, after having assembled the -X-Het-A-N(R2)-CO-R' moiety or
the
-Het-A-N(RZ)-CO-R' moiety. Thus, for example, when preparing a compound of the
formula lb which is defined as indicated above, instead of reacting a compound
of the
formula IV with a compound of the formula V, also a compound of the formula
XVIII
can be reacted with a compound of the formula V and the resulting intermediate
of
the formula XIX reacted with a compound of the formula XX which introduces the
R3-X- moiety.
O
RHet Y~\N)~ '
I R
R2
Ib
O R3 X-G
L XX
N J~ R 1 V 0
5 R2 5
LNI-I Het"' Y~H L\HetY-"-\N'k '
I R
R2
XVIII
XIX
O
z
LL /AR1
L5 ~Y R2
VI Het ~~\L2
VIII
XXI
In the compounds of the formulae V, XVIII, XIX and XX the groups Het, X, Y,
R', R2
and R3 are defined as in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia and, in
addition, any
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functional groups can be present in protected form or in the form of precursor
groups
which are later converted into the desired groups. The compounds can also be
employed in the form of their salts. The leaving group L' in the compounds of
the
formula V is defined as indicated above. Similarly as explained above with
respect to
5 the compounds of the formulae IV and V, the reaction of the compounds of the
formulae XVIII and V is preferably carried out in the presence of a base. All
the
above explanations on the reaction of the compounds of the formulae IV and V
correspondingly apply to the reaction of the compounds of the formulae XVIII
and V.
The group L5 in the compounds of the formulae XVIII and XIX is a leaving group
10 which can be replaced with the group R3-X- in a nucleophilic aromatic
substitution
reaction or a reaction of another type as it is performed when reacting the
compounds of the formulae XIX and XX. Examples of suitable leaving groups L5
in
the compounds of the formulae XVIII and XIX are halogen, in particular
chlorine,
bromine and iodine, and sulfonyloxy groups such as
trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy. The
15 group G in the compounds of the formula XX can be hydrogen in case the
group X is
0, S, NH or N((Cl-C4)-alkyl). In such case the nucleophilic aromatic
substitution
reaction between the compounds of the formulae XIX and XX can be carried out
as
indicated above with respect to the reaction of the compounds IX and X. In
case the
group X is a direct bond and the group G thus is attached directly to the
group R3 via
20 a single bond, the group G can be a boronic acid derivative, for example a
boronic
acid group, and the compound of the formula XX thus be a compound of the
formula
R3-B(OH)2 in which R3 is defined as in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia
and,
in addition, any functional groups can be present in protected form or in the
form of
precursor groups. The reaction of the boronic acid derivative with a compound
of the
25 formula XIX to give a compound of the formula Ib, in which X is a direct
bond, can be
carried out under the conditions of the well known Suzuki coupling, or Suzuki-
Miyaura coupling, in the presence of a transition metal catalyst such as a
palladium
catalyst, for example palladium acetate or
tetrakis(triphenylphosphane)palladium, in
an aqueous or non-aqueous solvent. Details on such coupling reactions of
boronic
30 acid derivatives, which can advantageously be used also in other processes
for the
preparation of the compounds of the invention, and intermediates therefor are
explained in Kotha et al., Tetrahedron 58 (2002) 9633, Miyaura, Topics in
Current
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66
Chemistry 219 (2002) 11, or Walker et al., Angew. Chem. Ind. Ed. 43 (2004)
1871,
for example.
In a similar manner as described above, instead of reacting compounds of the
formulae IV and VI and reacting the resulting compound of the formula VII with
a
compound of the formula VIII, compounds of formula lb can also be prepared by
reacting compounds of the formulae XVIII and VI, reacting the resulting
compound of
the formula XXI with a compound of the formula VIII to give a compound of the
formula XIX, and finally introducing the group R3-X- into the latter compound
by
reacting it with a compound of the formula XX. The groups Het, Y and L2 in the
compounds of the formula XXI are defined as in the compounds of the formula
VII,
the group L5 in the compounds of the formula XXI is defined as the group L5 in
the
compounds of the formulae XVIII and XIX. With respect to the other compounds
involved in this process, including examples of compounds of the formula VI
such as
2-bromoacetic acid esters, and suitable reaction conditions the above
statements
apply correspondingly.
Just so, instead of reacting compounds of the formulae IX and X, compounds of
the
formulae XXII and X can be reacted to give a compound of the formula XXIII
which
can then be reacted with a compound of the formula XX to give a compound of
the
formula lb.
O
N~ ~
H R O
L5 L3 X R2 L\ iY"/\ ~
Het N)~ R XXIII
Het 12
R
XXII R3 X-G
XX
O
R3~X~Het N)~ ~ lb
I R
R2
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The group L5 in the compounds of the formulae XXII and XXIII can be a
nucleophilically substitutable leaving group like the group L3 and defined as
the group
L3, i.e. be a halogen atom, for example chlorine, bromine or fluorine, or a
sulfonyloxy
group such as trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy, for example, and be identical to or
different from L3. If L5 is a leaving group, the formation of the desired
product of the
formula XXIII in the reaction of the compounds of the formulae XXII and X can
be
achieved by employing suitable reaction conditions, or by employing a compound
of
the formula XXII which contains two leaving groups L3 and L5 of different
reactivity, or
by taking advantage of different reactivities of leaving groups which are
present in
different positions of the group Het in case L3 and L5 are identical. The
latter situation
applies to a compound of the formula XXII such as 2,5-dibromopyridine, for
example,
in which the bromine atom in the 2-position is more reactive than the bromine
atom in
the 5-position and which will yield a compound of the formula XXIII containing
a 5-
bromopyridin-2-yl moiety in which the bromine atom in the 5-position can then
be
replaced with the group R3-X- (cf. Tilley et al., J. Org. Chem. 53 (1988)
386). The
group L5 in the compound of the formula XXII, instead of being a leaving
group, can
also be a protected form of a leaving group or a precursor of a leaving group
which is
converted into a leaving group in the compound of the formula XXIII. With
respect to
the other groups in the compounds of the formulae XXII and XXIII and the other
compounds involved in this process as well as suitable reaction conditions the
statements on the above-discussed processes apply correspondingly. The
compounds can also be employed in the form of their salts.
Like in the preparation of compounds of the formulae I and Ia which contain a
group
Y within the group A, just so in the preparation of compounds in which the
group A is
-CH2-CH2- or -CH2-CH2-CH2- the group R3 or the group R3-X- can be introduced
in a
later step, or in the last step of the reaction sequence, after having
assembled the
-Het-A-N(R2)-CO-R' moiety or the -X-Het-A-N(R2)-CO-R' moiety. Accordingly,
instead of reacting a compound of the formula IX with a compound of the
formulae XI
or XIII, just so a compound of the formula XXII can be reacted with a compound
of
the formulae XI or XIII to give an analog of the compound of the formulae XII
or XIV
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in which the group R3-X- is replaced with the group L5, in the latter
compounds the
double bond or triple bond can be hydrogenated, and the resulting analog of
the
compound of the formula Ic in which the group R3-X- is replaced with the group
L5,
can be reacted with a compound of the formula XX to give a compound of the
formula Ic. The above-discussed preparation of compounds of the formula Ic
from
heteroaromatic aldehydes of the formula XV can accordingly be modified to
start
from an heteroaromatic aidehyde of the formula XXIV,
L~ CHO L~ (CH2)p OH L~ ~/(CH2)p L4
Het -- Het -- Het
XXIV XXV XXVI
O
HN)~ ~
I R s OII R 3 -X-G CH O
RZ L ~CH2)p J~ 3~X\ ( 2)P
Het N / \ R 1 No R Het N'k R1
V I I I R2 XX Rz
XXVI I Ic
which, via the compounds of the formulae XXV, XXVI and XXVII, can be converted
into a compound of the formula Ic. The group L 6 in the compounds of the
formulae
XXIV to XXVII is a leaving group such as halogen, in particular chlorine,
bromine or
iodine, or a sulfonyloxy group, for example a trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy
group,
which in the final step of the reaction sequence can be replaced with the
group R3-X-
introduced by the compound of the formula XX. With respect to the other groups
in
the compounds of the formulae XXIV to XXVII and the other compounds involved
in
this process, as well as with respect to reaction conditions and examples of
reactions
for elongating the carbon chain, the above statements all apply
correspondingly.
Taking the preparation of a compound of the formula Ic in which the number p
is 1 as
an example, more specifically a compound of the formula XXIV in which L 6 can
be a
bromine atom, for example, can be reacted in a Wittig-Horner reaction with a
di((Cl-
Ca)-alkyl) ((C,-C4)-alkyloxy)carbonylmethylphosphonate, for example, to give
an
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69
intermediate heteroaromatic cinnamic acid derivative of the formula L6-Het-
CH=CH-
COOR30, in which R30 can be (Cl-C4)-alkyl, and which can be converted by
catalytic
hydrogenation into an intermediate of the formula L6-Het-CH2-CH2-COOR30 in
which
R30 can be (Cl-C4)-alkyl. In the latter compound the ester group can be
reduced to an
alcohol group, for example by treatment with lithium borohydride, to give a
compound
of the formula XXV in which the number p is 1 and which can be converted into
a
compound of the formula XXVI in which the number p is 1 and the group L4 is a
bromine atom or a methanesulfonyloxy group, for example, by treatment with
hydrogen bromide or with methanesulfonyl chloride, respectively. The compound
of
the formula XXVI can be reacted with a compound of the formula VIII, for
example in
the presence of sodium hydride, to give a compound of the formula XXVII in
which
the number p is 1 and in which the group L6, for example a bromine atom, can
be
replaced with the group R3-X- by reaction with a compound of the formula XX,
for
example by reaction with a boronic acid in the presence of palladium catalyst
in case
the group X is a direct bond. Instead of introducing the group R3-X- in the
last step of
preparation of the compound of the invention, it can also be introduced into
any prior
intermediate in the course of the synthesis. In the synthesis of compounds of
the
formula Ic in which the number p is 1, for example, the compound of the
formula
L6-Het-CH2-CH2-COOR30, in which R30 can be P-C4)-alkyl, can be reacted with a
compound of the formula XX to give a compound of the formula R3-X-Het-CH2-
CH2-COOR30, in which R30 can be (Cl-C4)-alkyl, and in which the ester group
can be
reduced to an alcohol group to give a compound of the formula R3-X-Het-CH2-
CH2-CH2OH which, after conversion of the hydroxy group into a leaving group
such
as the group L4 in the compounds of the formula XXVI, can then be reacted with
a
compound of the formula VIII. Such variations of the synthetic strategies
outlined
above are familiar to the person skilled in the art and allow to adapt the
preparation
of a compound of the formulae I or Ia to the particulars of the specific case.
Further synthetic strategies for the preparation of compounds of the formulae
I and Ia
include the assembly of the group Het in a ring-forming reaction from starting
compounds which can contain the groups R3-X- and -A-N(R2)-CO-R' or part of
these
groups or protected forms or precursors thereof which are then modified in
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subsequent reaction steps. For example, compounds of the formulae I and Ia in
which the group Het is a thiazole ring, the group X is a direct bond and the
group A is
the group -NH-CH2-CH2-, i.e. compounds of the formula Id in which the groups
R1, R2
and R3 are defined as indicated above with respect to the compounds of the
formulae
5 I and Ia, can be prepared by reacting a 2-bromo-l-R3-ethanone of the formula
XXVIII,
in which the CH2 group can optionally be substituted by a suitable
substituent, for
example an alkyl substituent, with a thiocyanate, for example an alkali metal
thiocyanate such as sodium thiocyanate or potassium thiocyanate, to give a 2-
thiocyanato-l-R3-ethanone which can also be isolated if desired, and with an N-
(2-
10 aminoethyl)amide of the formula Xa.
R3 NaSCN 3S
Br N~ II
N
~~
p N R
H2NN~R~ H 12
XXVI I I R2 Id
Xa
NaSCN H2NN" PG
~ ~H RsS
N
~ ~- H ~\NH2
R3- S
N~
N PG XXIX
H
H
XXXI
The groups R' to R3 in the compounds of the formulae Xa and XXVIII are defined
as
15 in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia and, in addition, any functional
groups can
be present in protected form or in the form of precursor groups which are
later
converted into the desired groups. The reaction of a compound of the formula
XXVIII
with a thiocyanate and a compound of the formula Xa is generally carried out
in a
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solvent, for example an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol, at elevated
temperatures, for example at temperatures from about 40 C to about 80 C, for
example at about 50 C. The NH group attached to the thiazole ring in the
compounds of the formula Id and, in general, an NH group representing the
group Y
in a compound of the formulae I and Ia, can further be modified, for example
by
treatment with an acylating agent such as a carboxylic acid chloride or
anhydride to
give a compound of the formulae I or Ia in which the group Y is the group NR"
and
R" is an acyl group. Compounds of the formulae I and Ia in which the group Y
is the
group NR" and R" is another group than hydrogen and an acyl group, can be
prepared according to the process described afore by employing an analog of
the
compound of the formula Xa which contains a respective group R"HN- instead of
the
group H2N-.
The amide moiety -N(R2)-CO-R' in the compounds of the formula Id, as well as
in
compounds of the formulae I and Ia as defined above in general, can be
hydrolyzed
under standard conditions to give an amino compound of the formula XXIX in
which
the group R3 is defined as in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia and, in
addition,
any functional groups can be present in protected form or in the form of
precursor
groups, or, depending on the meaning of the group R 2 in the compounds of the
formula Id, to give an analog of the compound of the formula XXIX which
contains a
group -NHR2 instead of the -NH2 group, which amino compounds can again be
converted into further compounds of the formula Id and thus are valuable
intermediate compounds. Such hydrolysis can be carried out by treating a
compound
of the formula Id or a suitable compound of the formulae I or Ia, for example
a
compound in which R' is a methyl group and R2 is hydrogen or more generally a
compound of the formula R3-X-Het-A-NH2 which is acylated on the NH2 group and
in
which R3, X, Het and A are defined as above, with a dilute acid, for example
hydrochloric acid, or an alkali metal hydroxide, for example a sodium
hydroxide
solution. In case R' and R2, together with the N-CO group which carries them,
in the
compound of the formula Id or the compound of the formulae I or Ia or more
generally in the acylated derivative of the compound of the formula R3-X-Het-A-
NH2,
form a 1,3-dioxoisoindol-2-yl group (= phthalimido group), the conversion into
the
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compound of the formula Id or into the compound of the formula R3-X-Het-A-NH2
can
conveniently be performed by treatment with hydrazine, for example in a
solvent
such as ethanol under reflux, i.e. analogously to the well known Gabriel
synthesis of
amines. Compounds of the formula XXIX can furthermore be prepared by reacting
a
compound of the formula XXVIII as outlined above with a thiocyanate, for
example
sodium thiocyanate, and a protected 1,2-diaminoethane of the formula XXX to
give a
compound of the formula XXXI in which the group R3 is defined as in the
compounds
of the formulae I and Ia and, in addition, any functional groups can be
present in
protected form or in the form of precursor groups, and in which the amino
group is
deprotected under standard conditions to give a compound of the formula XXIX.
The
amino-protecting group PG can be an acyl group or an alkyloxycarbonyl group,
for
example a tert-butyloxycarbonyl group (= Boc) which can be removed by
treatment
with trifluoroacetic acid (= TFA), a benzyloxycarbonyl group which can be
removed
by catalytic hydrogenation, or a fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl group which can
be
removed by treatment with piperidine, for example.
The conversion of compounds of the formula XXIX into compounds of the formula
Id,
or in general of compounds of the formula R3-X-Het-A-NH2 into compounds of the
formulae I and Ia, can be carried out according to standard procedures. For
example,
for the introduction of an acyl group of the formula R'-CO- the amine can be
reacted
with a carboxylic acid chloride of the formula R1-CO-Cl or an anhydride of the
formula
(R'-CO)20, or with a carboxylic acid of the formula R1-COOH by means of a
activating reagent or coupling reagent as are commonly used in the preparation
of
amides. Suitable such reagents include carbodiimides such as N,N'-
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (= DCC) or diisopropylcarbodiimide (= DIC),
O-((cyano(ethoxycarbonyl)methylene)amino)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium
tetrafluoroborate (= TOTU), N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-
yl)uronium
hexafluorophosphate (= HATU), propanephosphonic acid anhydride (PPA), N,N'-
carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), and chloroformic acid alkyl esters such as ethyl
chloroformate or isobutyl chloroformate. The acylation is generally carried in
a
solvent such as, for example, toluene, dichloromethane, THF, dioxane, DMF,
NMP,
in the presence of a base such as, for example, triethylamine,
ethyldiisopropylamine,
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sodium carbonate, at a temperature from about 0 C to about 80 C, for example
at
room temperature. The NH2 group in the compounds of the formula XXIX, or in
general in compounds of the formula R3-X-Het-A-NHZ, can also be incorporated
into
a ring, as can be formed in the compounds of the formulae I and Ia by R' and
R2
together with the N-CO group which carries them, for example by reaction with
an
co-halogen-substituted alkanecarboxylic acid derivative such as a 4-
chlorobutyric acid
derivative to give a 2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl ring system or a 5-chloropentanoic
acid
derivative to give a 2-oxopiperidin-1-yl ring system, or an a,w-dicarboxylic
acid
derivative such as succinic anhydride or phthalic anhydride to give a 2,5-
dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl ring system or a 1,3-dioxoisoindol-2-yl ring system,
respectively.
Further compounds of the formulae I and Ia can be obtained from suitable
compounds prepared according to the above-described processes by
functionalization or modification of contained functional groups according
standard
procedures, for example by esterification, amidation, hydrolysis,
etherification,
alkylation, acylation, sulfonylation, reduction, oxidation, conversion into
salts, and
others.
All reactions used in the above-described syntheses of the compounds of the
formulae I and Ia are per se well-known to the skilled person and can be
carried out
under standard conditions according to or analogously to procedures described
in the
literature, for example in Houben-Weyl, Methoden der Organischen Chemie
(Methods of Organic Chemistry), Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, or Organic
Reactions,
John Wiley & Sons, New York. As already indicated above, depending on the
circumstances of the individual case, in order to avoid an unwanted course of
a
reaction or side reactions during the synthesis of a compound, it can
generally be
necessary or advantageous to temporarily block functional groups by
introducing
protective groups and deprotect them at a later stage of the synthesis, or
introduce
functional groups in the form of precursor groups which later are converted
into the
desired functional groups. As a further example of protecting groups, besides
the
above-mentioned amino-protecting groups, ester protecting groups of carboxylic
acid
groups may be mentioned, such as tert-butyl esters which can be deprotected by
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treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, or benzyl esters which can be deprotected
by
catalytic hydrogenation. As an example of a precursor group the nitro group
may be
mentioned which can be converted into an amino group by reduction, for example
by
catalytic hydrogenation. Such synthesis strategies, and protective groups and
precursor groups which are suitable in a specific case, are known to the
skilled
person. If desired, the obtained compounds of formulae I and Ia, as well as
any
intermediate compounds, can be purified by customary purification procedures,
for
example by recrystallization or chromatography.
The compounds of the formulae I and Ia are useful pharmacologically active, or
pharmaceutically active compounds which modulate the expression of endothelial
NO synthase, and more specifically upregulate, or stimulate, the expression,
or
transcription, of endothelial NO synthase, and which can be employed as
pharmaceuticals, or active ingredients of medicaments, for the treatment of
various
diseases. In the context of the present invention, treatment is understood as
comprising both therapy, including alleviation and cure, of diseases and
disease
symptoms and prevention and prophylaxis of diseases and disease symptoms, such
as, for example, the prevention of the appearance of asthmatic disease
symptoms or
the prevention of myocardial infarction or of myocardial reinfarction in
affected
patients. The diseases or disease symptoms can be acute or chronic. Diseases
which can be treated with the compounds of the formulae I and Ia include, for
example, cardiovascular diseases like stable and unstable angina pectoris,
coronary
heart disease, coronary artery disease, Prinzmetal angina (spasm), acute
coronary
syndrome, cardiac insufficiency, heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke,
thrombosis, peripheral artery occlusive disease (= PAOD), endothelial
dysfunction,
atherosclerosis, restenosis, endothel damage after PTCA (= percutaneous
transluminal coronary angioplasty), hypertension including essential
hypertension,
pulmonary hypertension and secondary hypertension (renovascular hypertension,
chronic glomerulonephritis), erectile dysfunction, and ventricular arrhythmia.
Further,
the compounds of the formulae I and Ia lower the cardiovascular risk of
postmenopausal women or after intake of contraceptives. Compounds of the
formulae I and Ia can additionally be used in the treatment, including therapy
and
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prevention, of diabetes and diabetes complications such as nephropathy or
retinopathy, angiogenesis, asthma bronchiale, chronic renal failure, cirrhosis
of the
liver, osteoporosis, restricted memory performance or a restricted ability to
learn.
Preferred indications are stable angina pectoris, coronary heart disease,
5 hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and diabetes
complications.
The compounds of the formulae I and Ia can be used in combination with other
pharmacologically active compounds or pharmaceuticals, preferably with
compounds
which are able to enhance the effect of the compounds according to the
formulae I
10 and Ia . Examples of such other compounds include statins; ACE inhibitors;
AT1
antagonists; argininase inhibitors; PDE V inhibitors; calcium antagonists;
alpha
blockers; beta blockers; metimazol and analogous compounds; arginine;
tetrahydrobiopterin; vitamins, in particular vitamin C and vitamin B6;
niacine.
15 The compounds of the formulae I and Ia and their physiologically acceptable
salts,
optionally in combination with other pharmacologically active compounds, can
be
administered to animals, preferably to mammals, and in particular to humans,
as
pharmaceuticals by themselves, in mixtures with one another, or in the form of
pharmaceutical compositions. Further subjects of the present invention
therefore also
20 are the compounds of the formulae I and Ia and their physiologically
acceptable salts
for use as pharmaceuticals, their use as modulating agents, and more
specifically as
stimulating agents or upregulating agents, of the expression or transcription
of
endothelial NO synthase, for example in conditions in which an increased
expression
of said enzyme or an increased NO level or the normalization of a decreased NO
25 level in a patient is desired, and in particular their use in the
treatment, including
therapy and prevention, of the above-mentioned diseases or syndromes, as well
as
their use for the preparation or manufacture of medicaments for these
purposes.
Furthermore, a subject of the present invention are pharmaceutical
compositions, or
pharmaceutical preparations, which comprise an effective dose of at least one
30 compound of the formulae I or Ia and/or a physiologically acceptable salt
thereof and
a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, i.e. one or more pharmaceutically
acceptable
carrier substances and/or additives.
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The pharmaceuticals according to the invention can be administered orally, for
example in the form of pills, tablets, lacquered tablets, sugar-coated
tablets,
granules, hard and soft gelatin capsules, aqueous, alcoholic or oily
solutions, syrups,
emulsions or suspensions, or rectally, for example in the form of
suppositories.
Administration can also be carried out parenterally, for example
subcutaneously,
intramuscularly or intravenously, for example in the form of solutions for
injection or
infusion. Other suitable administration forms are, for example, percutaneous
or
topical administration, for example in the form of ointments, tinctures,
sprays or
transdermal therapeutic systems, or the inhalative administration in the form
of nasal
sprays or aerosol mixtures, or, for example, microcapsules, implants or rods.
The
preferred administration form depends, among others, on the disease to be
treated
and on its severity.
The amount of a compound of the formulae I or Ia and/or its physiologically
acceptable salts present in the pharmaceutical compositions normally ranges
from
about 0.2 to about 800 mg, preferably from about 0.5 to about 500 mg, in
particular
from about 1 to about 200 mg, per dose, but depending on the type of the
pharmaceutical composition it may also be higher. The pharmaceutical
compositions
usually comprise from about 0.5 to about 90 percent by weight of the compounds
of
the formulae I or Ia and/or their physiologically acceptable salts. The
production of
the pharmaceutical compositions can be carried out in a manner known per se.
To
this end, one or more compounds of the formulae I or Ia and/or their
physiologically
acceptable salts together with one or more solid or liquid pharmaceutical
carrier
substances (or vehicles) and/or additives (or auxiliary substances) and, if a
combination medicament is desired, other pharmacologically active compounds
having therapeutic or prophylactic action are brought into a suitable
administration
form or dosage form which can then be used as a pharmaceutical in human or
veterinary medicine.
For the production of pills, tablets, sugar-coated tablets and hard gelatin
capsules it
is possible to use, for example, lactose, starch, for example maize starch,
starch
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derivatives, talc, stearic acid or its salts, etc. Soft gelatin capsules and
suppositories
can comprise, for example, fats, waxes, semisolid and liquid polyols, natural
or
hardened oils, etc. Suitable carrier substances for the preparation of
solutions, for
example of solutions for injection, or of emulsions or syrups are, for
example, water,
physiologically sodium chloride solution, alcohols such as ethanol, glycerol,
polyols,
sucrose, invert sugar, glucose, mannitol, vegetable oils, etc. It is also
possible to
lyophilize the compounds of the formulae I and Ia and their physiologically
acceptable salts and to use the resulting lyophilisates, for example, for
preparing
compositions for injection or infusion. Suitable carriers for microcapsules,
implants or
rods are, for example, copolymers of glycolic acid and lactic acid. Besides
the
compound or compounds according to the invention and carrier substances, the
pharmaceutical compositions can also contain additives such as, for example,
fillers,
disintegrants, binders, lubricants, wetting agents, stabilizers, emulsifiers,
dispersants,
preservatives, sweeteners, colorants, flavorings, aromatizers, thickeners,
diluents,
buffer substances, solvents, solubilizers, agents for achieving a depot
effect, salts for
altering the osmotic pressure, coating agents or antioxidants.
The dosage of the compound of the formulae I or Ia to be administered and/or
of a
physiologically acceptable salt thereof depends on the individual case and, as
is
customary, has to be adapted to the individual circumstances to achieve an
optimum
effect. Thus, it depends on the nature and the severity of the disorder to be
treated,
and also on the sex, age, weight and individual responsiveness of the human or
animal to be treated, on the efficacy and duration of action of the compounds
used,
on whether the use is for the therapy of a acute or chronic disease or
prophylactic, or
on whether other active compounds are administered in addition to compounds of
the
formulae I or Ia. In general, a daily dose from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100
mg/kg,
preferably from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg, in particular from about
0.3
mg/kg to about 5 mg/kg (in each case mg per kg of bodyweight) is appropriate
for
administration to an adult weighing about 75 kg in order to obtain the desired
results.
The daily dose can be administered in a single dose or, in particular when
larger
amounts are administered, divided into several, for example two, three or four
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individual doses. In some cases, depending on the individual response, it may
be
necessary to deviate upwards or downwards from the given daily dose.
The compounds of the formulae I and Ia can also be used for other purposes
than
those indicated in the foregoing. Non-limiting examples include the use as
diagnostics, for example the use in methods for determining the activity of
endothelial
NO synthase in biological samples, the use as biochemical tools and the use as
intermediates for the preparation of further compounds, for example further
pharmacologically active compounds.
Examples
Compounds containing a basic group which were purified by preparative HPLC
using
an eluent which contained trifluoroacetic acid, were in part obtained in the
form of
acid addition salts with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) which is not depicted in
the formulae
in the examples. The compounds were characterized by analytical high pressure
liquid chromatography (HPLC) and/or mass spectrometry (MS) and/or nuclear
magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR). The MS data were obtained by electron
spray ionization (ESI). The HPLC conditions were as follows.
Method HPLC A (LC/MS): Column: YMC J'sphere 33 x 2 mm; 4 p. Flow rate:
1 mI/min. Eluent A1: water containing 0.1 % TFA. Eluent A2: acetonitrile
containing
0.1 % TFA. Gradient: from 95 % eluent Al + 5 % eluent A2 to 5 % eluent Al + 95
%
eluent A2 in 3.7 min.
Example 1
1-(3-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)-1 H-pyridin-2-one
O
N
F
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a) 3-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propionic acid ethyl ester
A mixture of 1000 mg (3.87 mmol) of 3-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)propionic acid
ethyl
ester, 596.3 mg (4.26 mmol) of 2-fluorophenylboronic acid, 43.5 mg (0.19 mmol)
of
palladium acetate, 101.6 mg (0.38 mmol) of triphenylphosphane, 3.88 ml of a 1
M
sodium carbonate solution, 23 ml of toluene and 6 ml of ethanol was heated
under
reflux for 5 h and, after cooling, poured into water. The resulting mixture
was
extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was separated and
concentrated,
and the residue was purified by chromatography (silica gel, n-heptane/ethyl
acetate
5:1). Yield: 782 mg (74 %).
b) 3-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propan-l-ol
Under argon, 400 mg (1.46 mmol) of 3-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propionic
acid
ethyl ester and 63.8 mg (2.93 mmol) of lithium borohydride were stirred in 20
ml of
THF at 40 C for 3 h. After cooling, the mixture was cautiously hydrolyzed
with water,
the precipitate was filtered off with suction, and water and methylene
chloride were
added to the filtrate. The organic phase was separated, washed with water and
concentrated. Yield: 241 mg (71 %).
c) 5-(3-Bromopropyl)-2-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridine
230 mg (0.99 mmol) of 3-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propan-1-ol were
stirred in 10
ml of hydrobromic acid (33 % in acetic acid) at 60 C for 6 h. After
concentrating, a
sodium hydrogencarbonate solution was added, the resulting mixture was
extracted
with ethyl acetate, and the organic phase was separated and concentrated.
Yield:
707 mg (71 %).
d) 1-(3-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)-1 H-pyridin-2-one
8.2 mg (0.18 mmol) of sodium hydride (55 % suspension in mineral oil) were
added
to 17.8 mg (0.19 mmol) of 2-hydroxypyridine in 5 ml of DMF, and the mixture
was
stirred at room temperature for 30 min. Subsequently, 50 mg (0.17 mmol) of 5-
(3-
bromopropyl)-2-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridine were added. The reaction mixture was
stirred for 4 h, concentrated, admixed with water and extracted with methylene
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chloride. The organic phase was separated and concentrated, and the residue
was
purified by preparative HPLC (RP18, acetonitrile/water containing 0.1 % TFA)
Yield:
11 mg (22 %).
MS: M+H+ = 309.1.
5
Example 2
1-(3-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)piperidin-2-one
O
lD
N
F
50 mg (0.17 mmol) of 5-(3-bromopropyl)-2-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridine were reacted
with
18.5 mg (0.18 mmol) of piperidin-2-one analogously to example 1d). Yield: 16
mg (31
%).
MS: M+H+ = 313.1.
Example 3
4-(3-(6-Phenylpyridin-3-yl)propyl)thiomorpholin-3-one, trifluoroacetic acid
salt
0
N \-/
I ~ N
a) 3-(6-Bromopyridin-3-yl)propan-l-ol
Under argon, 560 mg (2.17 mmol) of 3-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)propionic acid ethyl
ester
and 94.6 mg (4.34 mmol) of lithium borohydride were stirred in 40 ml of THF at
40 C
for 3 h. After cooling, the mixture was cautiously hydrolyzed with water, the
precipitate was filtered off with suction, and the filtrate was concentrated
and
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81
admixed with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was separated, washed
with water and concentrated. Yield: 450 mg (96 %).
MS: M+H+ = 216.1.
b) 2-Bromo-5-(3-bromopropyl)pyridine
300 mg (1.38 mmol) of 3-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)propan-l-ol were stirred in 5 ml
of
hydrobromic acid (33 % in acetic acid) at 80 C for 6 h. After concentrating,
a
potassium carbonate solution was added, the resulting mixture was extracted
with
ethyl acetate, and the organic phase was separated and concentrated. Yield:
368 mg
(95%).
c) 4-(3-(6-Bromopyridin-3-yl)propyl)thiomorpholin-3-one
60.2 mg (1.38 mmol) of sodium hydride (55 % suspension in mineral oil) were
added
to 161.7 mg (1.38 mmol) of thiomorpholin-3-one in 5 ml of DMF, and the mixture
was
stirred at room temperature for 15 min. Subsequently, 350 mg (1.25 mmol) of 2-
bromo-5-(3-bromopropyl)pyridine were added. The reaction mixture was stirred
for
3.5 h, concentrated, admixed with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The
organic phase was separated and concentrated. Yield: 421 mg.
d) 4-(3-(6-Phenylpyridin-3-yl)propyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one, trifluoroacetic
acid salt
Under argon, a mixture of 100 mg (0.32 mmol) of 4-(3-(6-bromopyridin-3-
yl)propyl)thiomorpholin-3-one, 46.4 mg (0.38 mmol) of phenylboronic acid, 3.6
mg of
(0.016 mmol) palladium acetate, 8.3 mg (0.03 mmol) of triphenylphosphane, 320
pl of
a 1 M sodium carbonate solution and 20 ml of toluene was heated under reflux
for 5
h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water, the resulting mixture was
extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic phase was separated and
concentrated.
The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (RP18, acetonitrile/water
containing
0.1 % TFA). Yield: 10 mg (7 %).
MS: M+H+ = 313Ø
Example 4
1-(3-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)pyrrolidin-2-one, trifluoroacetic
acid salt
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82
N
\
N- O
F
100 mg (0.34 mmol) of 5-(3-bromopropyl)-2-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridine were
reacted
with 34.7 mg (0.41 mmol) of pyrrolidin-2-one analogously to example 1d).
Yield: 50
mg (35 %).
MS: M+H+ = 299.1.
Example 5
1-(3-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)piperidine-2,6-dione,
trifluoroacetic acid
salt
O
~ N
N-
F O
100 mg (0.34 mmol) of 5-(3-bromopropyl)-2-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridine were
reacted
with 46.1 mg (0.41 mmol) of piperidine-2,6-dione analogously to example 1d).
Yield:
38 mg (25 %).
MS: M+H+ = 327.1.
Example 6
1-(3-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)azepan-2-one, trifluoroacetic acid
salt
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83
N
N O
F
100 mg (0.34 mmol) of 5-(3-bromopropyl)-2-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridine were
reacted
with 46.2 mg (0.41 mmol) of azepan-2-one analogously to example 1d). Yield: 31
mg
(23%).
MS: M+H+ = 327.1.
Example 7
4-(3-(6-(2-Chlorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)thiomorpholin-3-one,
trifluoroacetic acid
salt
O
~ ~
~
N
CI
101.5 mg (0.32 mmol) of 4-(3-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)propyl)thiomorpholin-3-one
were
reacted with 60.2 mg (0.38 mmol) of 2-chlorophenylboronic acid analogously to
example 3d). Yield: 10 mg (7 %).
MS: M+H+ = 347Ø
Example 8
4-(3-(6-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)thiomorpholin-3-one,
trifluoroacetic acid
salt
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84
O
\-/
I N~
F 111,::~-
96 mg (0.3 mmol) of 4-(3-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)propyl)thiomorpholin-3-one were
reacted with 59.7 mg (0.42 mmol) of 4-fluorophenylboronic acid analogously to
example 3d). Yield: 12 mg (9 %).
MS: M+H+ = 331Ø
Example 9
4-(3-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)thiomorpholin-3-one,
trifluoroacetic acid
salt
0I S
NF
100 mg (0.34 mmol) of 5-(3-bromopropyl)-2-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridine were
reacted
with 47.8 mg (0.41 mmol) of thiomorpholin-3-one analogously to example 1d).
Yield:
37 mg (24 %).
MS: M+H+ = 331Ø
Example 10
1-(3-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
trifluoroacetic acid
salt
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O N
N O
F
100 mg (0.34 mmol) of 5-(3-bromopropyl)-2-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridine were
reacted
with 40.4 mg (0.41 mmol) of pyrrolidine-2,5-dione analogously to example 1d).
Yield:
5 67mg(46%).
MS: M+H+ = 313.1.
Example 11
3-(3-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione,
trifluoroacetic acid
10 salt
OS
Q-Fj N
O
F
100 mg (0.34 mmol) of 5-(3-bromopropyl)-2-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridine were
reacted
15 with 47.8 mg (0.41 mmol) of thiazolidine-2,4-dione analogously to example
1d). Yield:
20 mg (13 %).
MS: M+H+ = 331.1.
Example 12
20 1-(3-(6-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)pyrrolidin-2-one,
trifluoroacetic acid salt
F ~ ~ ~ N -~'~Z
- N- O
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a) Methanesulfonic acid 3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl ester
544.8 mg (4.75 mmol) of methanesulfonyl chloride were added dropwise with
cooling
to 1000 mg (4.32 mmol) of 3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propan-1 -ol
(prepared
analogously to example 1a), starting from 3-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)propionic
acid ethyl
ester and 4-fluorophenylboronic acid) and 656.3 mg (6.48 mmol) of
triethylamine in
50 ml of methylene chloride. After 5 h at room temperature, the mixture was
extracted with water, and the organic phase was separated and concentrated.
Yield:
1.3g(97%).
MS: M+H+ = 310.1.
b) 1-(3-(6-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)pyrrolidin-2-one,
trifluoroacetic acid salt
110 mg (0.36 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid 3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yl)propyl
ester were reacted with 36.1 mg (0.42 mmol) of pyrrolidin-2-one analogously to
example ld). Yield: 46 mg (31 %).
MS: M+H+ = 299.2.
Example 13
1-(3-(6-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
trifluoroacetic acid
salt
F ~ ~ ~ ~ N
- N- O
136 mg (0.44 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid 3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yl)propyl
ester were reacted with 52.3 mg (0.52 mmol) of pyrrolidine-2,5-dione
analogously to
example 1d). Yield: 35 mg (19 %).
MS: M+H+ = 313.2.
Example 14
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3-(3-(6-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione,
trifluoroacetic
acid salt
H
N
F N
- N- O
136 mg (0.44 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid 3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yl)propyl
ester were reacted with 52.8 mg (0.52 mmol) of imidazolidine-2,4-dione
analogously
to example 1 d). Yield: 8 mg (4 %).
MS: M+H+ = 314.2.
Example 15
1-(3-(6-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)azetidin-2-one, trifluoroacetic
acid salt
F ~ ~ ~ \z~~
- ~ O
N-
136 mg (0.44 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid 3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yl)propyl
ester were reacted with 37.5 mg (0.52 mmol) of azetidin-2-one analogously to
example 1 d). Yield: 8 mg (5 %).
MS: M+H+ = 285.1.
Example 16
1-(3-(6-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)piperidin-2-one, trifluoroacetic
acid salt
O
F ~ ~ r ~ N
'~'D
- N-
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136 mg (0.44 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid 3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yl)propyl
ester were reacted with 52.3 mg (0.52 mmol) of piperidin-2-one analogously to
example 1d). Yield: 19 mg (10 %).
MS: M+H+ = 313.2.
Example 17
4-(3-(6-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propylcarbamoyl)butyric acid,
trifluoroacetic acid
salt
O
NH OH
N-
O
136 mg (0.44 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid 3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yl)propyl
ester were reacted with 59.7 mg (0.52 mmol) of piperidine-2,6-dione
analogously to
example 1 d). Yield: 18 mg (8 %).
MS: M+H+ = 345.2.
Example 18
1-(3-(6-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)azepan-2-one, trifluoroacetic acid
salt
F N
N O
136 mg (0.44 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid 3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yl)propyl
ester were reacted with 59.7 mg (0.52 mmol) of azepan-2-one analogously to
example 1 d). Yield: 78 mg (40 %).
MS: M+H+ = 327.3.
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Example 19
4-(3-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)-4H-[1,4]thiazin-3-one,
trifluoroacetic acid
salt
S
O
N
WN
F
100 mg (0.32 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid 3-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yl)propyl
ester (prepared from 3-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propan-l-ol analogously
to
example 12a) were reacted with 44.7 mg (0.39 mmol) of 4H-[1,4]thiazin-3-one
analogously to example 1d). Yield: 56 mg (40 %).
MS: M+H+ = 329.2.
Example 20
3-(3-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione,
trifluoroacetic
acid salt
H
O_-zz~ N
N
N O
F
100 mg (0.32 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid 3-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yl)propyl
ester (prepared from 3-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-propan-1-ol
analogously to
example 12a) were reacted with 38.8 mg (0.39 mmol) of imidazolidine-2,4-dione
analogously to example 1 d). Yield: 51 mg (37 %).
MS: M+H+ = 314.2.
Example 21
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1-(3-(6-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)piperidine-2,6-dione,
trifluoroacetic acid
salt
O
F N
- N-
O
5
136 mg (0.44 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid 3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yl)propyl
ester were reacted with 69.6 mg (0.61 mmol) of piperidine-2,6-dione
analogously to
example 1d). Yield: 77 mg (40 %).
MS: M+H+ = 327.2.
Example 22
3-(3-(6-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione,
trifluoroacetic acid
salt
OS
F N
N- O
136 mg (0.44 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid 3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yl)propyl
ester were reacted with 61.8 mg (0.52 mmol) of thiazolidine-2,4-dione
analogously to
example 1d). Yield: 53 mg (27 %).
MS: M+H+ = 331.2.
Example 23
1-(3-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)azetidin-2-one, trifluoroacetic
acid salt
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QQ-\J3O
F
100 mg (0.32 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid 3-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yi)propyl
ester (prepared from 3-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propan-l-ol analogously
to
example 12a) were reacted with 32.2 mg (0.45 mmol) of azetidin-2-one
analogously
to example 1d). Yield: 8 mg (5 %).
MS: M+H+ = 285.2.
Example 24
1-(3-(6-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)-1 H-pyridin-2-one,
trifluoroacetic acid salt
0 F ~ ~ ~ \N N
N-
136 mg (0.44 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid 3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yl)propyl
ester were reacted with 50.2 mg (0.52 mmol) of 1 H-pyridin-2-one analogously
to
example 1 d). Yield: 98 mg (52 %).
MS: M+H+ = 309.2.
Example 25
4-(3-(6-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)-4H-[1,4]thiazin-3-one,
trifluoroacetic acid
salt
u 0S
F ~ ~ N
- N-
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136 mg (0.44 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid 3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yl)propyl
ester were reacted with 60.7 mg (0.52 mmol) of 4H-[1,4]thiazin-3-one
analogously to
example 1 d). Yield: 17 mg (9 %).
MS: M+H+ = 329.2.
Example 26
1-(2-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)piperidin-2-one, trifluoroacetic
acid salt
O/
- N- 0
F
a) (6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)acetic acid methyl ester
Under argon, 157.3 mg (3.6 mmol) of sodium hydride (55 % suspension in mineral
oil) were added to 620 mg (3.27 mmol) of 6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-ol in 25
ml of
DMF. After stirring at room temperature for 60 min, 551.4 mg (3.6 mmol) of
bromoacetic acid methyl ester were added, and the reaction mixture was stirred
at
room temperature for 2 h. After concentrating, water was added, and the
mixture was
extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was separated and
concentrated.
Yield: 687 mg (80 %).
MS: M+H+ = 262.1.
b) 2-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethanol
Under argon, 675 mg (2.58 mmol) of (6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)acetic
acid
methyl ester and 112.5 mg (5.17 mmol) of lithium borohydride were stirred in
20 ml of
THF at 60 C for 2 h. After cooling, the mixture was cautiously hydrolyzed
with water
and concentrated, and water and ethyl acetate were added. The organic phase
was
separated, washed with water and concentrated. Yield: 350 mg (58 %).
MS: M+H+ =234.1.
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c) Methanesulfonic acid 2-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl ester
217.1 mg (1.89 mmol) of methanesulfonyl chloride were added dropwise with
cooling
to 340 mg (1.46 mmol) of 2-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethanol and
442.5 mg
(4.37 mmol) of triethylamine in 25 ml of methylene chloride. After 7 h at room
temperature, the mixture was extracted with water, and the organic phase was
separated and concentrated. Yield: 394 mg (87 %).
MS: M+H+ = 312.2.
d) 1-(2-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)-ethyl)piperidin-2-one,
trifluoroacetic acid
salt
100 mg (0.32 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid 2-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yloxy)ethyl ester were reacted with 38.2 mg (0.38 mmol) of piperidin-2-one
analogously to example 1 d). Yield: 15 mg (11 %).
MS: M+H+ = 315.1.
Example 27
1-(2-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)azetidin-2-one, trifluoroacetic
acid salt
o
F
100 mg (0.32 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid 2-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yloxy)ethyl ester were reacted with 27.4 mg (0.38 mmol) of azetidin-2-one
analogously to example 1 d). Yield: 4 mg (3 %).
MS: M+H+ = 287.1.
Example 28
1-(2-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
trifluoroacetic acid
salt
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O
- N- O~~N O
F
100 mg (0.32 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid 2-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yloxy)ethyl ester were reacted with 38.2 mg (0.38 mmol) of pyrrolidine-2,5-
dione
analogously to example 1d). Yield: 52 mg (38 %).
MS: M+H+ = 315.1.
Example 29
3-(2-(4-(4-Fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione,
trifluoroacetic acid salt
O H
~ S
F ~ ~ NJ~NN
4
H O
200 mg (0.92 mmol) of 2-bromo-l-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanone and 74.7 mg (0.92
mmol) of sodium thiocyanate were stirred in ethanol at 50 C for 2 h. 165.5 mg
(0.92
mmol) of 3-(2-aminoethyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione hydrochloride and 102.6 mg
(1.01
mmol) of triethylamine were added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 50
C for
9 h. After concentrating, water was added, and the mixture was extracted with
ethyl
acetate. The organic phase was separated and concentrated, and the residue was
purified by preparative HPLC (RP18, acetonitrile/water containing 0.1 % TFA).
Yield:
82 mg (20 %).
MS: M+H+ = 321Ø
Example 30
3-(2-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione,
trifluoroacetic
acid salt
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H
ON
- N- O~/N O
F
90 mg (0.29 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid 2-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yloxy)ethyl
5 ester were reacted with 34.7 mg (0.35 mmol) of imidazolidine-2,4-dione
analogously
to example 1 d). Yield: 4 mg (3 %).
MS: M+H+ = 316.2.
Example 31
10 2-(2-(4-(4-Fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione,
trifluoroacetic
acid salt
O -
F ~s
H O
15 a) (2-(4-(4-Fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl)carbamic acid tert-butyl
ester
2.5 g (11.52 mmol) of 2-bromo-l-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanone and 0.93 g(11.52
mmol)
of sodium thiocyanate were stirred in ethanol at 50 C for 2 h. 1.845 g (11.52
mmol)
of (2-aminoethyl)carbamic acid tert-butyl ester were added, and the reaction
mixture
was stirred at 50 C for 2 h. After concentrating, water was added, and the
mixture
20 was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was separated and
concentrated. Yield: 3.04 g (78 %).
b) N-(4-(4-Fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine, trifluoroacetic acid
salt
A mixture of 996 mg (2.95 mmol) of (2-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-
25 ylamino)ethyl)carbamic acid tert-butyl ester and 5 ml of 90 % aqueous
trifluoroacetic
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acid was allowed to stand at room temperature for 4 h. After concentrating,
the
residue was purified by preparative HPLC (RP18, acetonitrile/water containing
0.1 %
TFA). Yield: 122 mg (9 %).
MS: M+H+ = 238.1.
c) 2-(2-(4-(4-Fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione,
trifluoroacetic
acid salt
A mixture of 54.3 mg (0.11 mmol) of N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)ethane-
1,2-
diamine, trifluoroacetic acid salt, 35.4 mg (0.35 mmol) of triethylamine, 17.3
mg (0.11
mmol) of phthalic anhydride, 5 ml of toluene and 1 ml of DMF was heated under
reflux for 3 h. After concentrating, the residue was extracted with an aqueous
solution
of sodium hydrogensulfate (pH 5) and a sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and
concentrated, and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC (RP18,
acetonitrile/water containing 0.1 % TFA). Yield: 16 mg (28 %).
MS: M+H+ = 368.1.
Example 32
1-(2-(5-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one,
trifluoroacetic acid salt
C /-N ~
\-N p
t
a)1-(2-(5-Bromopyridin-2-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one
2.45 g (19 mmol) of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one and 0.83 g (19 mmol)
of
sodium hydride (55 % in mineral oil) in 10 ml of NMP were stirred at room
temperature for 1 h. 3.0 g (12.7 mmol) of 2,5-dibromopyridine were added, and
the
mixture was heated to 80 C for 2 h. Water was added, and the mixture was
extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried and
concentrated. The remaining oil was taken up in 200 ml of tert-butyl methyl
ether and
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treated with a solution of hydrogen chloride in diethyl ether. The resulting
greasy
solid was isolated by decantation of the solvent and treated with a 25 %
aqueous
sodium hydroxide solution. The product was extracted with ethyl acetate, and
the
combined organic phases were dried and concentrated. Yield: 2.75 g.
b) 1-(2-(5-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one,
trifluoroacetic acid
salt
88.3 mg (0.62 mmol) of 2-fluorobenzeneboronic acid, 150 mg (0.53 mmol) of 1-(2-
(5-
bromopyridin-2-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one, 249 mg (0.79 mmol) of barium
hydroxide
octahydrate and 20 mg of tetrakis(triphenylphosphane)palladium were dissolved
in
10 ml 1,2-dimethoxyethane and 10 ml water, and the mixture was heated to 80 C
for
5 h. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue taken up in water and
extracted
with methylene chloride. The combined organic phases were dried and
concentrated,
and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC (RP18, acetonitrile/water
containing 0.01 % TFA). Yield: 60 mg.
Example 33
1-(2-(5-(1-Methyl-1 H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidin-2-
one,
trifluoroacetic acid salt
O
N
D
N
N
CH3 N 0
The compound was prepared analogously to example 32a) by reaction of 500 mg
(2.1 mmol) of 2-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-1-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole with 1-(2-
hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one. Yield: 370 mg.
MS: M+H+ = 337.
Example 34
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1-(2-(4-(4-Fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
trifluoroacetic
acid salt
O
S N
N 'j, N 'f O
F
H
a) (4-(4-Fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)acetic acid methyl ester
14.5 g (66.8 mmol) of 2-bromo-l-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanone and 5.42 g (66.8
mmol) of
sodium thiocyanate were stirred in 250 ml of ethanol at 50 C for 3 h. 5.95 g
(66.8
mmol) of aminoacetic acid methyl ester (prepared from its hydrochloride) in 25
ml of
ethanol were added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature
for 4 h
and allowed to stand overnight. After concentrating, water and ethyl acetate
were
added to the residue. The organic phase was separated, washed with water,
dried
and concentrated. Yield: 8.6 g (48 %).
MS: M+H' = 266.3.
b) (tert-Butoxycarbonyl-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-amino)acetic acid
methyl ester
360 mg (8.3 mmol) of sodium hydride (55 % suspension in mineral oil) were
added to
2 g (7.5 mmol) of (4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)acetic acid methyl
ester in 25
ml of DMF, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 60 min.
Subsequently 1.8 g (8.3 mmol) of di-tert-butyl-dicarbonate were added, and the
reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h. After concentrating, water was added and
the
mixture extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was concentrated, and
the
residue was purified by chromatography (silica gel, n-heptane/ethyl acetate
5:1).
Yield: 440 mg (16 %).
MS: M+H+ = 367.2.
c) (4-(4-Fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-(2-hydroxyethyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl
ester
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Under argon, 435 mg (1.18 mmol) of (tert-butoxycarbonyl-(4-(4-
fluorophenyl)thiazol-
2-yl)-amino)acetic acid methyl ester and 51.7 mg (2.37 mmol) of lithium
borohydride
were stirred in 20 ml of THF at 60 C for 1 h. After cooling, the mixture was
cautiously
hydrolyzed with water, the precipitate was filtered off with suction, and
water and
ethyl acetate were added to the filtrate. The organic phase was separated,
washed
with water and concentrated. Yield: 273 mg (68 %).
d) Methanesulfonic acid 2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-
yl)amino)ethyl ester
98.7 mg (0.86 mmol) of methanesulfonyl chloride were added dropwise with
cooling
to 265 mg (0.78 mmol) of (4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-(2-hydroxyethyl)-
carbamic
acid tert-butyl ester and 237.7 mg (2.35 mmol) of triethylamine in 25 ml of
methylene
chloride. After 4 h at room temperature, the mixture was extracted with water
and the
organic phase was concentrated. Yield: 241 mg (74 %).
e) 1-(2-(4-(4-Fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
trifluoroacetic acid salt
23 mg (0.52 mmol) of sodium hydride (55 % suspension in mineral oil) were
added to
52.3 mg (0.52 mmol) of pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in 5 ml of DMF, and the mixture
was
stirred at room temperature for 60 min. Subsequently 100 mg (0.24 mmol) of
methanesulfonic acid 2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-
amino)ethyl ester were added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 3 h.
After
concentrating, water was added, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl
acetate.
The organic phase was separated and concentrated, and the residue was purified
by
preparative HPLC (RP18, acetonitrile/water containing 0.1 % TFA). Yield: 5 mg
(5
%).
MS: M+H+ = 320.1.
Example 35
N-(2-(4-(4-Fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl)acetamide
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O 1----CH3
NH
F
N N
H
2-Bromo-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanone was reacted with N-(2-aminoethyl)acetamide
analogously to example 31a). Yield: 65 %.
MS: M+H+ = 280.2.
Example 36
1-(2-(6-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrole-2,5-dione,
trifluoroacetic acid
salt
L O N
N- O
80 mg (0.42 mmol) of 6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-ol, 61.2 mg (0.43 mmol) of 1-
(2-
hydroxyethyl)pyrrole-2,5-dione and 155.3 mg (0.59 mmol) of triphenylphosphane
were dissolved in 20 ml of THF. After cooling to 0 C, 136.2 mg (0.59 mmol) of
azodicarboxylic acid di-tert-butyl ester in 3 ml THF were slowly added. The
mixture
was stirred at room temperature for 6 h, evaporated and treated with ethyl
acetate
and diluted hydrochloric acid. The aqueous layer was evaporated and purified
by
chromatography (RP18, acetonitrile/water containing 0.1 % TFA). Yield: 17 mg.
MS: M+H+ = 313.1.
Example 37
2-(2-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione
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101
O
O
- N- --\- N
F
O
500 mg (2.64 mmol) of 6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-ol (prepared from 2-bromo-5-
nitropyridine and 2-fluorophenylboronic acid; the nitro group was converted
into the
hydroxy group according to the method described in WO 98/25920), 730.6 mg
(5.28
mmol) of potassium carbonate and 738.6 mg (2.91 mmol) of 2-(2-bromoethyl)-
isoindole-1,3-dione in 10 ml of DMF were stirred at room temperature for 4 h.
The
solvent was removed by evaporation and the residue treated with ethyl acetate
and
water. The organic layer was evaporated and the residue purified by
chromatography. Yield: 189 mg.
MS: M+H+ = 363.2.
Example 38
1-(2-(6-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
trifluoroacetic acid
salt
O
F O N
- N- ~/ O
128.7 mg (0.58 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid 2-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl
ester
and 100 mg (0.53 mmol) of 6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-ol were reacted
analogously
to example 1d). Yield: 30 mg.
MS: M+H+ = 315.1.
Example 39
1-(2-(6-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)-1 H-pyridin-2-one,
trifluoroacetic acid
salt
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qN
O N \-/ O
100 mg (0.63 mmol) of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1H-pyridin-2-one and 100 mg (0.53
mmol) of
6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-ol were reacted analogously to example 1d). Yield:
11
mg.
MS: M+H+ = 311.1.
Example 40
1-(2-(4-(4-Fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl)imidazolidin-2-one,
trifluoroacetic acid
salt
F S O H
N i\,N
H
a) 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-thiocyanatoethanone
10 g (46 mmol) of 2-bromo-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanone and 3.74 g (46 mmol) of
sodium thiocyanate were stirred in 80 ml ethanol at 50 C for 2 h. After
addition of
water the separated solid was isolated by filtration, washed and dried. Yield:
8.96 g.
MS: M+H+-= 196.2.
b) 1-(2-(4-(4-Fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl)imidazolidin-2-one,
trifluoroacetic
acid salt
65.8 mg (0.5 mmol) of 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thiocyanatoethanone and 99.5 mg
(0.5
mmol) of 1-(2-aminoethyl)imidazolidin-2-one were stirred in 5 ml of ethanol at
50 C
for 4 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue purified by chromatography
(RP18, acetonitrile/water containing 0.1 % TFA). Yield: 17 mg.
MS: M+H+ = 307.1.
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Example 41
4-Chloro-N-(2-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl)benzamide,
trifluoroacetic
acid salt
C S H / CI
NNN ~ I
H
O
The compound was prepared analogously to example 40b). Yield: 30 mg.
MS: M+H+ = 376.1.
Example 42
4-Aminofurazan-3-carboxylic acid (2-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-
ylamino)ethyl)amide, trifluoroacetic acid salt
F S H N-ON
N~iN
H O NH2
The compound was prepared analogously to example 40b). Yield: 54 mg.
MS: M+H+ = 349.1.
Example 43
N-(2-(4-(4-Fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl)isonicotinamide,
trifluoroacetic acid
salt
F SI ~ N
N ~ I
N
H
0
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The compound was prepared analogously to example 40b). Yield: 52 mg.
MS: M+H+ = 343.1.
Example 44
3-(2-(6-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione,
hydrochloride
H
Ozz< N
F ~ ~ ~ O~~ O = HCI
N
100 mg (0.32 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid 2-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yloxy)ethyl ester and 35.4 mg (0.35 mmol) of imidazolidine-2,4-dione were
reacted
analogously to example 1 d). The hydrochloride salt was prepared by
dissolution of
the product in hydrochloric acid and lyophilization. Yield: 58 mg.
MS: M+H+ = 316.1.
Example 45
N-(2-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)acetamide, trifluoroacetic acid
salt
H3C
O~ ~=0
N
F H
a) 2-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethylamine
189 mg (0.52 mmol) of (2-(2-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)isoindole-
1,3-
dione and 236 mg (4.72 mmol) of hydrazine hydrate (24 %) were stirred in 10 ml
of
ethanol under reflux for 7 h. After cooling the residue was filtered, washed
and dried.
Yield: 165 mg.
MS: M+H+ = 233.3.
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b) N-(2-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)acetamide, trifluoroacetic
acid salt
59.9 mg (0.26 mmol) of 2-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethylamine and
52.2 mg
(0.52 mmol) of triethylamine were stirred in 5 ml of methylene chloride at
room
temperature. 31.6 mg (0.31 mmol) of acetic acid anhydride were slowly added.
The
mixture was stirred for 4 h, washed with water, evaporated and purified by
chromatography (RP18, acetonitrile/water containing 0.1 % TFA). Yield: 17 mg.
MS: M+H+ = 275.1.
Example 46
3-(3-(6-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-
dione,
trifluoroacetic acid salt
H CH3
O'< N CH3
N
_ O
F / \ ~ ~
- N
69 mg (0.226 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid 3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-
yl)propyl
ester were reacted with 43.44 mg (0.339 mmol) of 5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-
dione in the presence of 2.7 mg (0.34 mmol) of lithium hydride analogously to
example 1 d). Yield: 37 mg.
MS: M+H+ = 342.12.
Example 47
N-(2-(6-(2-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)benzamide, trifluoroacetic acid
salt
- N- N
F H
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28.9 mg (0.24 mmol) of benzoic acid, 49.9 mg (0.21 mmol) of 2-(6-(2-
fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethylamine, 89.9 mg (0.27 mmol) of N,N,N',N'-
tetramethyl-O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)uronium hexafluorophosphate and 65.2 mg
(0.64 mmol) of triethylamine were stirred in 8 ml of DMF at room temperature
for 2 h
and at 40 C for 3 h. The solvent was removed by evaporation and the residue
treated with ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was evaporated and
purified
by chromatography (RP18, acetonitrile/water containing 0.1 % TFA). Yield: 27
mg.
MS: M+H+ = 337.1.
Example 48
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (2-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)amide,
trifluoroacetic acid salt
O
Q Ol v
~N
F H
20.36 mg (0.24 mmol) of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid and 49.94 mg (0.21 mmol)
of
2-(6-(2-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethylamine were reacted analogously to
example
47. Yield: 15 mg.
MS: M+H+ = 301.2.
Example 49
3-(3-(6-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl)propyl)oxazolidin-2-one, trifluoroacetic
acid salt
O
N
N-
The compound was prepared analogously to example 12b). Yield: 22 mg.
MS: M+H+ = 301Ø
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Example 50
1-(2-(6-(3-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
trifluoroacetic acid salt
CI
O
F N 0 ~N
~ 0
a) 1-(2-(6-Bromopyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione
g (58 mmol) of 3-hydroxy-6-bromopyridine were dissolved in 40 ml of DMF and
10 treated with 2.76 g (69 mmol) of sodium hydride (60 % suspension in mineral
oil).
After stirring at room temperature for 1 h, 20 mg of 4-dimethylaminopyridine
were
added and the mixture was treated with 16.53 g (74.8 mmol) of methanesulfonic
acid
2-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl ester and heated to 100 C for 3 h.
Subsequently, the
solvent was evaporated and the residue was taken up in water and extracted 4
times
with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried and evaporated to
dryness. The remaining material was purified by chromatography (silica gel,
dichloromethane/methanol 98 : 2) followed by preparative HPLC (RP18,
acetonitrile/water containing 0.1 % TFA) to yield 10.8 g of the title
compound.
b) 1-(2-(6-(3-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-
dione,
trifluoroacetic acid salt
150 mg (0.5 mmol) of 1-(2-(6-bromopyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
96 mg
(0.55 mmol) of 3-chloro-4-fluorophenylboronic acid and 152 mg (0.5 mmol) of
cesium
fluoride were dissolved under an argon atmosphere in 5 ml of a mixture of 2
parts of
absolute 1,2-dimethoxyethane and 1 part of absolute methanol and treated with
34.2
mg (0.09 mmol) of tetrakis(triphenylphosphane)palladium. The mixture was
heated
for 3 min at 150 C in a microwave reactor (Smith Synthesizer, Personal
Chemistry),
the solvent was evaporated and the residue dissolved in 20 ml of ethyl
acetate. The
solution was extracted once with sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, dried and
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evaporated to dryness. The remaining material was purified by preparative HPLC
(RP18, acetonitrile/water containing 0.1 % TFA). Yield: 42 mg (24 %).
' H-NMR (D6-DMSO): b(ppm) = 2.65 (s, 4 H), 3.75 (m, 2 H), 4.25 (m, 2 H), 7.48
(m, 2
H), 7.50 - 7.65 (m, 1 H), 7.98 (m, 1 H), 8.05 (m, 1 H), 8.22 (d, 1 H), 8.33
(s, 1 H).
MS: M+H+ = 349.
HPLC retention time: 1.72 min (method HPLC A).
According to the method described in example 50, by replacing the 3-chloro-4-
fluorophenylboronic acid employed in step b) with the respective boronic acid
of the
formula R50-B(OH)2, the 1-(2-(6-R50-pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-
diones of
examples 51 to 87 were prepared which are compounds of the formula le wherein
the aromatic or heteroaromatic group R50 is as specified in table 1.
R50 O N le
~/ O
The compounds of examples 51 to 87 were obtained in the form of their
trifluoroacetic acid salts. The names of the prepared compounds are obtained
by
replacing the identifier R50 in the general name 1-(2-(6-R50-pyridin-3-
yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione of the compounds of formula le with the
meaning of
R50 given in table 1, optionally allowing for a modification of the name
according to
the nomenclature rules. For example, in the case of example 51, in which R50
is 6-
fluoropyridin-3-yl, the prepared compound of the formula If
O
F O N O~~ O
N- O N-
CI CI
If Ig
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thus is 1-(2-(6-(6-fluoropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-3-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-
dione,
trifluoroacetic acid salt, which can also be named as 1-(2-(6'-fluoro-
[2,3']bipyridinyl-5-
yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione; trifluoroacetic acid salt or 1-(2-(6'-
fluoro-[2,3'-
bipyridin]-5-yloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, trifluoroacetic acid salt, and
in the case
of example 60 the prepared compound of the formula Ig is 1-(2-(6-(2,3-dichloro-
phenyl)pyridin-3-yloxy))ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, trifluoroacetic acid
salt, and in the
case of example 64 the prepared compound is 1-(2-(6-(3-cyanophenyl)pyridin-3-
yloxy))ethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, trifluoroacetic acid salt, which can also
be named
as 3-(5-(2-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile,
trifluoroacetic acid
salt. The HPLC retention times given in table 1 were determined according to
method
HPLC A.
Table 1. Example compounds of formula le
Example R50 MS HPLC retention
no. M+H+ time (min)
51 6-fluoropyridin-3-yl 316 1.45
52 4-methylthiophen-2-yl 317 1.64
53 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl 351 1.77
54 3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 381 1.77
55 2-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 381 1.66
56 6-methoxypyridin-3-yl 328 1.38
57 pyridin-3-yl 298 0.61
58 quinolin-8-yl 348 1.32
59 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 381
60 2,3-dichlorophenyl 365 1.75
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Example R50 MS HPLC retention
no. M+H+ time (min)
61 2,4-difluorophenyl 333 1.66
62 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 357 1.38
63 4-cyanophenyl 322 1.66
64 3-cyanophenyl 322 1.65
65 naphthalen-2-yl 347 1.70
66 naphthalen-1-yl 347 1.57
67 3-acetylaminophenyl 354 1.33
68 2-trifluoromethylphenyl 365 1.69
69 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 365 1.81
70 3,5-dichlorophenyl 365 1.87
71 3-trifluoromethylphenyl 365 1.75
72 4-methylsulfonylaminophenyl 390 1.29
73 3,4-difluorophenyl 333 1.74
74 3,5-difluorophenyl 333 1.78
75 4-tert-butylphenyl 353 1.72
76 4-ethoxyphenyl 341 1.53
77 2-fluoropyridin-3-yl 316 1.43
78 2,5-difluorophenyl 333
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Example R50 MS HPLC retention
no. M+H+ time (min)
79 4-dimethylaminophenyl 340 1.32
80 3-chloropyridin-4-yl 332 1.39
81 3-methylsulfonylaminophenyl 390 1.32
82 5-cyanothiophen-2-yl 328 1.70
83 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 316 1.26
84 3-fluoropyridin-4-yl 316
85 4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl 329 1.37
86 4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl 329 1.36
87 pyrimidin-5-yl 299 0.96
Sample'H-NMR data of compounds of formula le (determined in D6-DMSO):
Example 60: b(ppm) = 2.65 (s, 4 H), 3.75 (m, 2 H), 4.25 (m, 2 H), 7.45 (m, 1
H), 7.5
(m, 2 H), 7.64 (d, 1 H), 7.68 (m, 1 H), 8,34 (s, 1 H).
Example 73: b(ppm) = 2.65 (s, 4 H), 3.75 (m, 2 H), 4.25 (m, 2 H), 7.45-7.55
(m, 2 H),
7.38 (m, 1 H), 7.96 (d, 1 H), 8.06 (m, 1 H), 8,30 (s, 1 H).
Example 86: b(ppm) = 2.28 (s, 3 H) 2.65 (s, 4 H), 3.78 (m, 2 H), 4.22 (m, 2
H), 7.20
(t, 1 H), 7.46 (d, 1 H), 7.83 (m, 1 H), 7.90 (d, 1 H), 7.94 (m, 1 H), 8.30 (s,
1 H).
Determination of the biological activity
A) Activation of eNOS transcription
Activation of eNOS transcription was measured as described in detail by Li et
al.,
"Activation of protein kinase C alpha and/or epsilon enhances transcription of
the
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human endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene", Mol. Pharmacol. 53 (1998) 630.
Briefly, a 3.5 kB long fragment 5' of the starting codon of the eNOS gene was
cloned,
sequenced and cloned in firefly luciferase expression plasmids to monitor
activation
of the eNOS promoter by reporter gene activity. A human endothelial cell line
stable
transfected and expressing this promoter-reporter construct was used for
compound
testing. Cells were incubated for 18 h with the compounds.
All compounds were dissolved in sterile dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). A final
concentration of 0.5 % DMSO in complete medium was allowed. Induction of
reporter
gene expression in these cells was measured using a standard luciferase assay
system (Promega, Cat. No. E150) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Luciferase induction in cells incubated with compounds were compared to those
incubated with solvent alone. The ratio of both activities (transcription
induction ratio,
TIR) was plotted as a function of compound concentration. Typically, TIR
values
started at low concentrations at a ratio of 1, indicating no compound effect,
and
extended up to a maximum TIR value TIR(max) which indicates the increase of
the
eNOS transcription. EC50 values of transcription induction ratios as a
function of
compound concentration were determined graphically.
Numerous compounds of the instant invention were tested by the above-described
assay and found to increase protein transcription. Generally, the tested
compounds
exhibited EC50 values of less than about 50 pM. Preferred compounds, including
the
compounds of examples 7, 17, 34, 64, 66, for example, exhibited EC50 values of
from
about 5 pM to about 0.5 pM. More preferred compounds, including the compounds
of
examples 18, 25, 50, 52, 86, for example, exhibited EC50 values of less than
about
0.5 NM.
The effect of compounds on eNOS-transcription was confirmed in a second assay
based on eNOS protein detection. Primary human umbilical vein cord endothelial
cells (HUVEC) were isolated and cultivated according to standard procedures.
Confluent cells were incubated with compounds for 18 h and the effect on eNOS
protein expression determined by a quantitative Western blotting procedure.
After
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compound incubation, HUVEC were lysed in ice-cold lysis buffer containing 10
mM
Tris-HCI, pH 8.0, 1 % SDS and protease inhibitors. The lysate was subjected to
a
standard denaturating polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and blotted to
nitrocellulose membranes. Using a specific primary monoclonal antibody
(Transduction Laboratories, UK) and alkaline phosphatase labelled secondary
antibody (Jackson Labs), a specific eNOS protein band was visualized and
quantified
based on a chemofluorescence detection method.
The effect of the compounds of the formulae I and Ia can also be investigated
in the
following animal models (animal experiments are performed in accordance with
the
German animal protection law and the guidelines for the use of experimental
animals
as given by the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the US
National
Institutes of Health).
Animals and treatment (experiments B - D)
ApoE and eNOS deficient mice (C57BL/6J background, Jackson Laboratory, Bar
Harbor, Me) are used. All animals are 10 to 12 weeks of age and weigh 22 to 28
g.
Three days before surgery mice are divided into 4 groups (apoE control, n = 10
to 12;
apoE with test compounds, n = 10 to 12; eNOS control, n = 10 to 12; eNOS with
test
compounds, n = 10 to 12) and receive either a standard rodent chow (containing
4 %
of fat and 0.001 % of cholesterol; in the following designated as placebo
group) or a
standard rodent chow + test compound (10 or 30 mg/kg/day p.o.).
B) Anti-hypertensive effect in ApoE knockout mice
Blood-pressure is determined in conscious mice using a computerized tail-cuff
system (Visitech Systems, Apex, Nc). After treatment of ApoE deficient mice
and
eNOS deficient mice with the test compounds the blood pressure is compared to
the
results obtained with a placebo treatment.
C) Inhibition of neointima formation and atherogenesis (femoral artery cuff)
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After 3 day treatment of ApoE deficient mice with the respective compound (10
mg/kg/day pressed in chow), animals are anesthetized with an intraperitoneal
injection of pentobarbital (60 mg/kg) followed by an intramuscular injection
of xylazin
(2 mg/kg) and a cuff is placed around the femoral artery as described in Moroi
et al.
(J Clin. Invest. 101 (1998) 1225). Briefly, the left femoral artery is
dissected. A non-
occlusive 2.0 mm polyethylene cuff made of PE 50 tubing (inner diameter 0.56
mm,
outer diameter 0.965 mm, Becton Dickinson, Mountain View, Ca) is placed around
the artery and tied in place with two 7-0 sutures. The right femoral artery is
isolated
from the surrounding tissues but a cuff is not placed. Treatment with the
respective
compound is continued for 14 days after surgery. Then the animals are
sacrificed.
The aorta are taken for determination of vascular eNOS expressions by
quantitative
western blotting. Both femoral arteries are harvested, fixed in formalin and
embedded
in paraffin. 20 cross sections (10 pm) are cut from the cuffed portion of the
left
femoral artery and from the corresponding segment of the right artery.
Sections are
subjected to standard hematoxylin and eosin staining. Morphometric analyses
are
performed using an image analysis computer program (LeicaQWin, Leica Imaging
Systems, Cambridge, GB). For each cross section the area of the lumen, the
neointima and the media are determined. To this end, the neointima is defined
as the
area between the lumen and the internal elastic lamina and the media is
defined as
the area between the internal and the external elastic lamina. The ratio
between the
area of the neointima and the area of the media is expressed as the
neointima/media
ratio. The results obtained in the compound group are compared to those
obtained in
the placebo group.
D) Prevention of atherosclerotic plaque formation in chronic treatment
ApoE deficient mice are treated for 16 weeks with the respective compound
pressed
in chow and finally sacrificed. Aortas are removed from each mouse, fixed in
formalin
and embedded in paraffin. Plaque formation is measured via lipid lesions
formation in
the aortas (from aortic arch to diaphragm) and is analyzed by oil red 0
staining. For
quantifying the effect of the respective compound on vascular eNOS expression
the
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femoral arteries are used in this experiment. The results obtained in the
compound
group are compared to those obtained in the placebo group.
D) Improvement of coronary function in diseased ApoE deficient mice
Old Male wild-type C57BU6J mice (Charles River Wiga GmbH, Sulzfeld), and apoE
deficient mice (C57BU6J background, Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Me) of 6
month of age and weighing 28 to 36 g are used in the experiments. Mice are
divided
into 3 groups (C57BU6J, n = 8; apoE control, n = 8; apoE with respective
compound,
n = 8) and receive for 8 weeks either a standard rodent chow (containing 4 %
of fat
and 0.001 % of cholesterol) or a standard rodent chow + respective compound
(30
mg/kg/day p.o.). Mice are anesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone (100 mg/kg
i.p.),
and the hearts are rapidly excised and placed into ice-cold perfusion buffer.
The
aorta is cannulated and connected to a perfusion apparatus (Hugo Sachs
Electronics, Freiburg, Germany) which is started immediately at a constant
perfusion
pressure of 60 mm Hg. Hearts are perfused in a retrograde fashion with
modified
Krebs bicarbonate buffer, equilibrated with 95 % 02 and 5 % CO2 and maintained
at
37.5 C. A beveled small tube (PE 50) is passed through a pulmonary vein into
the
left ventricle and pulled through the ventricular wall, anchored in the apex
by a fluted
end, and connected to a tip-micromanometer (Millar 1.4 French). The left
atrium is
cannulated through the same pulmonary vein and the heart switched to the
working
mode with a constant preload pressure of 10 mm Hg and an afterload pressure of
60
mm Hg. Aortic outflow and atrial inflow are continuously measured using
ultrasonic
flow probes (HSE/Transonic Systems Inc.). Coronary flow is calculated as the
difference between atrial flow and aortic flow. All hemodynamic data are
digitized at a
sampling rate of 1000 Hz and recorded with a PC using spezialized software
(HEM,
Notocord).
Hearts are allowed to stabilize for 30 min. All functional hemodynamic data
are
measured during steady state, and during volume and pressure loading. Left
ventricular function curves are constructed by varying pre-load pressure. For
acquisition of preload curves, afterload is set at 60 mm Hg and preload is
adjusted in
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mm Hg steps over a range of 5 to 25 mm Hg. Hearts are allowed to stabilize at
baseline conditions between pressure and volume loading.
