Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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CONTAINER SUITABLE FOR DISPENSING WIPES
Technical field
The present invention relates to a container suitable for containing and
dispensing wipes. More specifically, the invention is directed to a container
comprising a portion sample made of the same material as the wipes contained
within the container, wherein the portion sample is attached onto at least one
external surface of the container.
Background
Containers suitable for dispensing wipes, and in particular pre-moistened
wipes, are known in the art. Flexible containers comprising pre-moistened
wipes are, for example, described in W091/04920 whereas rigid containers
suitable for dispensing pre-moistened wipes are disclosed, for example, in
US5791465.
Both flexible and rigid containers known in the art generally comprise a
dispensing opening, typically situated on the upper surface of the container,
and a lid or sealing device, which can usually be repeatedly opened and
resealed. Known containers therefore provide good sealing and satisfactory
dispensing of the contained wipes.
However, known containers do generally not allow the consumer to inspect
and see the appearance of the wipe products before purchase (i.e. in the point
of sale). Typically, the known containers would need to be opened so as for
the potential consumer to see and touch its content, i.e. the wipes. This is
of
course not ideal since opened containers on the shop shelves will
detrimentally affect their aesthetic appearance. More dramatically, in the
case
of containers for pre-moistened wipes, the action of opening and re-opening
may lead to pre-maturate evaporation of the lotion applied onto said pre-
moistened wipes. Partial solutions have been proposed e.g. in US
2004/0094437, wherein the wipe packaging is provided with a window
capable of displaying the product enclosed within the container.
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Alternatively, the aspect of the enclosed wipes may be graphically represented
in one of the external surfaces of the container so as to permit
identification of
its content. However, none of the known wipe containers provide the
consumer with the possibility to touch and feel the texture of the wipe which
is intended to be purchased. This is particularly appreciable when the wipe is
provided with some very soft touch or a three-dimensional structure on it, as
described e.g. in US 2003/0228813.
It is therefore an objective of the present invention to provide a container
suitable for containing and dispensing wipes which not only allows the
potential user to inspect the appearance of the wipes but which also permits
touching and feeling the texture of the wipes contained within the container.
It has now been found that this objective can be met by providing a container
1 suitable for containing and dispensing wipes, the container 1 comprising
external and internal surfaces and said wipes being made from a substrate,
wherein the container 1 comprises a portion sample of the substrate, and
wherein the portion sample is attached onto at least one external surface of
said container 1.
Advantageously, the portion sample according to the preceding invention may
be attached onto the container 1 using any labeling machine/technique
commonly known in the art.
Commonly known consumer wipes, such as dry or pre-moistened hard-surface
cleaning wipes, are typically made from a fabric-type substrate. The substrate
material is usually chosen to provide good cleaning lotion absorbance and
sufficient integrity. However, it remains substantially flexible, fibrous and
porous. Those flexibility, fibrous-like and porosity characteristics render
the
substrate materials difficult to process when trying to directly attach a
portion
of said substrate material onto any surface, in particular the surface of a
wipe-
containing container.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, it has further
been found that the above processing problem is solved when the portion
sample for use in the present invention is laminated with a supporting
material
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thereby forming a laminate piece 4, and wherein the laminate piece 4 has an
effective stiffness.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a container 1 suitable for containing and
dispensing wipes, the container 1 comprising external and internal surfaces
and the wipes being made from a substrate, wherein the container 1 comprises
a portion sample of the substrate, and wherein the portion sample is attached
onto at least one external surface of the container 1.
In another embodiment, the present invention encompasses a process of
manufacturing an improved container 1 suitable for dispensing wipe, wherein
the process comprises the steps of (a) providing a container suitable for
containing and dispensing wipes, wherein the container comprises external
and internal surfaces and said wipes are made from a substrate; (b) laminating
a portion sample of the substrate with a supporting material thereby forming a
laminate piece 4, wherein the laminate piece 4 has an effective stiffness; and
(c) attaching by means of an adhesive the laminate piece 4obtained in step (b)
onto at least one external surface of the container.
The present invention is further directed to a process of presenting wipes
contained within a container 1, wherein the process comprises the steps of (a)
providing a container suitable for containing and dispensing wipes, wherein
the container comprises external and internal surfaces and said wipes are made
from a substrate; and (b) attaching a portion sample of the substrate onto at
least one external surface of the container.
Brief description of the drawings
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a container 1 according to the present
invention. The container 1 comprises a dispensing opening 2 covered by an
adhesive cover label 3 and a laminate piece 4 attached onto the top panel of
the
container 1.
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Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the device used for the stiffness
measurement described in the Test Method Section. The device comprises a
plunger 5 having a diameter of 14 mm and a holed platform 6 comprising an
orifice 7. The orifice 7 has an upper/outer diameter of 34 mm and a
lower/inner diameter of 30 mm. The orifice 7 is provided with a width suitable
for operating the test method described herein. The maximum height of the
holed platform 6 is of 60 mm. The circular sample 8 has a diameter of 60 mm.
Detailed description of the invention
Definitions
By "substrate" it is meant herein any material commonly known in the art of
wipes, formed as a single structure during the manufacturing, or present in
the
form of two or more material laminates. Substrates herein include, but are not
limited to, a woven fabric, a knit fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a paper
material, a
laminate of a fabric and a polymeric film and combinations thereof.
By "pre-moistened wipe" it is meant herein a substrate and a lotion as
described herein applied to said substrate.
By "effective stiffness", it is meant herein the stiffness required for the
laminate piece 4 to be dispensed from a regular labeling machine.
By "abrasive" it is referred to the ability to abrade or remove a relatively
small,
undesirable item otherwise affixed to a surface as the wipe is moved back and
forth over the item.
By "abrasive means" it is meant herein a discrete three-dimensional structure
made of an abrasive material.
In a first embodiment, the present invention is directed to a container 1
suitable for containing and dispensing wipes, the container 1 comprising
external and internal surfaces and the wipes being made from a substrate,
wherein the container 1 comprises a portion sample of the substrate, and
wherein the portion sample is attached onto at least one external surface of
the
container 1.
In a preferred execution of the present invention, the portion sample is
attached onto at least one external surface of the container 1 by means of an
adhesive.
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Container
Suitable containers are well known in the art of wipe packaging. Containers 1
for use in the present invention may be relatively rigid, such as that
described
e.g. in EP-A-1 258 436. Typically, rigid or semi-rigid containers 1 are made
5 from thermoplastic or cardboard materials. As a way of example, such rigid
containers may be e.g. cylindrical tubs. Alternatively, suitable containers 1
for use herein may be flexible. The containers 1 according to the present
invention are preferably flexible. Thus, the disclosure herein is directed
primarily towards flexible embodiments of the present invention, but is not so
limited. Typically, the flexible container 1 includes a flexible package body
formed from a single piece of flexible film, such as polymer film. Suitable
flexible containers 1 for use in the present invention are described for
example
in GB-A-2310187.
According to the present invention, the flexible container 1 is preferably
made
from a multilayered polymeric material. Preferably, the flexible container 1
is
made from a dual-layered film comprising a polyethylene terephthalate layer
and polyethylene layer. In another aspect of the present invention, the
flexible
container 1 may further comprise a metallized polyethylene terephthalate
layer. The package body forms an internal space or pocket for housing the
wipes contents of the container 1. In a preferred embodiment, the pocket has a
top panel, a bottom panel and opposing side panel. The wipes may be
packaged in the container 1 in any convenient configuration which allows
easy removal of a single or multiple wipe from the container 1. Preferably the
wipes are packaged in rolls, stacks, piles or are interleafed. More preferably
the wipes are provided in a stacked configuration which may comprise any
number of wipes. Typically, the stack comprises from 2 to 150, more
preferably from 5 to 100, most preferably from 10 to 60 wipes. Moreover the
wipes may be provided folded or unfolded. Most preferably, the wipes are
stacked in a folded configuration.
The container 1 according to the invention is preferably generally rectangular
in shape. However, containers 1 according to the present invention may be of
any shape. Typically, such containers 1 are provided with an internal and an
external surface.
Generally, the container 1 is further provided with a dispensing opening 2 on
its top panel through which individual wipes are dispensed or withdrawn by
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the user. The dispensing opening 2 is typically covered with an opening- and
closing-cover label 3 detachably attached to the package body through a
pressure sensitive adhesive.
In a preferred execution of the present invention, the external surface
container 1 may be additionally provided with a pivotably mounted flap or lid
having an inner and an outer side and which is intended to pivotably cover the
dispensing opening 2/cover label 3 combination. In the latter case, the
portion
sample or the laminate piece 4 for use in the present invention is preferably
attached onto the inner side of the pivotably mounted flap or lid.
Substrate
Suitable substrates are those commonly known in the art of wipes and include,
but are not limited to, a woven fabric, a knit fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a
paper
material, a laminate of a fabric and a polymeric film and combinations
thereof.
In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the substrate is a nonwoven
fabric. Methods of making such substrate are also well know in the art.
Indeed, suitable substrates for use in the present invention are described for
example in WO 03/031557 under the paragraph entitled "Substrate" on pages 5
to 12.
Other suitable substrates are described e.g. in WO 98/52458 under the section
entitled "Cleaning sheets" on pages 5 to 17.
The substrate used in the present invention has at least two surfaces,
generally a
top surface and a bottom surface.
Typically, stiffness of the substrates according to the present invention
ranges
from 0.05N to 2N, when measured according to the Test Method described
herein.
Wipe
As used herein, the term wipe refers to e.g. cleaning wipe, baby wipe, facial
wipe, cosmetic and/or hygiene wipe, etc. The intended use, however, does not
limit the final product. By way of a non-limiting example, a preferred wipe
for dispensing from the container 1 of the present invention is a surface
cleaning wipe, preferably a hard surface cleaning wipe.
In a preferred execution of the present invention, the wipes are pre-moistened
wipes, sometimes referred to as wet wipes, or towelettes.
In that specific preferred embodiment of the present invention, pre-moistened
wipes are impregnated with an appropriate cleansing or cleaning lotion. In a
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highly preferred embodiment, the pre-moistened wipes for use in the present
invention, are impregnated with a hard-surface cleaning lotion.
Suitable lotions for use in the context of the present invention as well as
optional ingredients which may be incorporated in said lotion are described
for example in WO 03/031557 under the paragraph entitled "Aqueous
Composition" from page 12 to page 36.
Preferably, lotions for use in the present invention are formulated as a
liquid
composition. A preferred lotion herein is an aqueous composition and
therefore, preferably comprises water, more preferably in an amount of from
60% to 99%, even more preferably of from 70% to 98% and most preferably
from 80% to 97% by weight of the total lotion composition.
In a highly preferred embodiment of the invention, the wipe is a pre-
moistened wipe comprising a substrate having a plurality of abrasive means
applied thereon, i.e. a plurality of discrete three-dimensional structure made
of
an abrasive material applied thereon. Suitable abrasive wipes are described
e.g. in co-pending EP Patent Application N 05075308.
Portion sample
In the context of the present invention, it has been surprisingly found that
by
providing a container 1 which comprises a portion sample of the substrate
which the wipes contained within the container 1 are made of, and wherein the
portion sample is attached onto at least one external surface of the container
1,
the user or purchaser is not only allowed to inspect the appearance of the
wipes but he may also touch and feel the texture of the wipes contained within
the container 1.
The user may therefore fully appreciate and inspect the quality of the wipes
which are enclosed within the container 1 that he is intending to purchase,
without the need to open or affect the integrity of the container 1.
The portion sample for use in the present invention is made of the same
material (i.e. substrate) as the wipes contained within the container 1.
In a preferred execution, the portion sample would have exactly the same
appearance and texture as the wipes which are contained within the container
1 and onto which said portion sample is attached. This implies that in a
preferred execution, the portion sample for use in the present invention has
the
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same colour, texture and is provided with same three-dimensional structures
(if applicable) or aesthetic features as the wipes contained within said
container 1. In this preferred execution, the container 1 according to the
present invention provides the purchaser with the highest informative value.
In the context of the present invention, the portion sample may be of any
shape including, but not limited to round, oval, square, triangle, rectangle,
rhombus, crescent, star, stripe, grid line, undulating line, circular dot,
heart,
hexagon, diamond, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the sample portion
is of round shape.
In a preferred execution, the portion sample is attached by means of an
adhesive and preferably onto at least the top panel of the container 1
according
to the invention.
Suitable adhesive for use in the present invention are well known in the field
of adhesive labels and product labeling. Preferably, the adhesive is
adequately
chosen not to penetrate into the substrate used to produce the wipes of the
present invention. Suitable adhesives are know in the field and referred to as
"cold adhesive". Advantageously, suitable adhesives will not detrimentally
affect the texture and/or the colour of the portion sample when applied onto
it.
In the preferred execution where the container 1 of the present invention
comprises pre-moistened wipes, the portion sample attached onto the
container 1 is preferably not loaded with a lotion, but may be.
The portion sample for use in the present invention is preferably attached
onto
at least one external surface of the container 1 by means of a permanent
adhesive. Suitable permanent adhesives are those know in the field. Preferred
adhesives are for example acrylic-based permanent adhesives.
Laminate piece
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the portion sample is
laminated with a supporting material thereby forming a laminate piece 4.
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Suitable lamination processes for use herein are well known in the art of
labeling. Typically, the portion sample is laminated with the supporting layer
by means of an adhesive. Suitable adhesives for use in the lamination process
are identical to those described above for attaching the portion sample onto
at
least one external surface of the container 1.
In the context of the lamination process, suitable adhesive may be applied as
a
coating layer either on the integrality of the portion sample surface or at
selected areas of it. Preferably, suitable adhesive is applied onto the
entirety
of the portion sample surface. In an alternative execution of the present
invention, suitable adhesive is applied at selected locations, preferably on
the
central zone, of the portion sample surface. This particular embodiment
allows the purchaser to inspect and feel both sides of the wipes he is
intending
to purchase.
Suitable supporting materials are those well know by the person skilled in the
art of labeling. As a minimal requirement, suitable supporting material shall
be fully compatible with the above-mentioned adhesive. Preferably, the
supporting material is a flexible material, such paper or plastic films. More
preferably, the supporting material is a polymeric film. In a highly preferred
execution of the present invention, the supporting material is a polypropylene
film. Suitable supporting materials will not detrimentally affect the texture
and/or the colour of the portion sample when applied onto it. In contrast and
in a preferred aspect, the supporting material for use in the present
invention
will help enhancing the touching and feeling of the portion sample and may be
used to provide additional aesthetic benefits to the portion sample attached
onto the container 1 of the present invention.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the laminate
piece 4 herein is provided with an effective stiffness. By "effective
stiffness",
it is meant herein that the laminate piece 4 is provided with a stiffness
which
is suitable for said laminate piece 4 to be dispensed from a regular labeling
machine. Suitable regular labeling machines are described e.g. in EP-B1-0
677 013.
Stiffness of the laminate piece 4 is measured, at 23 C under 50% relative
humidity, according to a modified Standard Test Method D 4032, as
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described in the Test Method Section hereinafter. Stiffness measurement
may be performed using the Instron 6021 Dynamometer manufactured by
Instron.
5 In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the stiffness of the
laminate piece 4 is of at least 3N, when measured according to the Test
Method described herein. Preferably, the stiffness of the laminate piece
4ranges from 3N to 20N, preferably from 4N to 15N, more preferably from
5N to lON, even more preferably from 5N to 7N, most preferably from 5.5N
10 to 6.5N.
The Applicant has surprisingly found that when selecting stiffness of the
laminate piece 4 to be of at least 3N, preferably from 3N to 20N, more
preferably from 4N to 15N, still more preferably from 5N to ION, even more
preferably from 5N to 7N, and most preferably from 5.5N to 6.5N, the
corresponding laminate piece 4 is provided with suitable stiffness for it to
be
easily dispensed from a regular dispensing machine in the context of a regular
product labeling process. Suitable dispensing/labeling apparatus and
processes are described e.g. in EP-B1-0 677 013.
Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that laminate pieces not
fulfilling the above stiffness requirements will lead to obtain laminate
pieces
not easily processable or releasable from commonly used label-applying
machines. As a consequence, such non-suitable laminate pieces may only be
dispensed manually onto the corresponding containers forbidding therefore
any large scale industrial production.
It has been further discovered that the laminate pieces 4 suitable for use in
the
context of the present invention will provide the user with a pleasant and
realistic touching/feeling experience. Moreover, suitable laminate pieces 4
will not detrimentally affect conformability properties exhibited by flexible
containers 1 according to the present invention.
The laminate piece 4 for use in the present invention is preferably attached
onto at least one external surface of the container 1 by means of a permanent
adhesive. Suitable permanent adhesives are those well known in the field.
Preferred adhesives are for example acrylic-based permanent adhesives.
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Preferably, the laminate piece 4 is attached onto at least the top panel of
the
container 1 according to the invention. Containers 1 may additionally
comprise laminate pieces 4 on the bottom panel and/or on the opposing side
panels.
In the particular execution where the container 1 comprises an opening- and
closing-cover label, the laminate piece 4 is preferably attached onto the
cover-
label.
Process for the manufacture of an improved container
In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided a process of
manufacturing an improved container 1 suitable for dispensing wipe, wherein
the process comprises the steps of (a) providing a container suitable for
containing and dispensing wipes, wherein the container comprises external
and internal surfaces and said wipes are made from a substrate; (b) laminating
a portion sample of the substrate with a supporting material thereby forming a
laminate piece 4 wherein the laminate piece 4 has an effective stiffness; and
(c) attaching by means of an adhesive the laminate piece 4 obtained in step
(b)
onto at least one external surface of the container.
Step (c) of the above process may be performed manually or in an automated
manner according to techniques well known in the art. Those will therefore
not be described in further details herein. Preferably, the step of attaching
by
means of an adhesive the laminate piece 4 onto at least one external surface
of
the container 1, is performed using a regular label-applying station as
described in EP-B1-0 677 013.
Typically, the surface of the laminate piece 4 comprising the supporting
material is coated with a permanent adhesive layer which is preferably non-
sticky until appropriate activation. Suitable permanent adhesives for
attaching the laminate piece 4 onto the container 1 are for example acrylic-
based permanent adhesives.
Process of presenting wipes
The present invention is further directed to a process of presenting wipes
contained within a container 1, wherein the process comprises the steps of (a)
providing a container suitable for containing and dispensing wipes, wherein
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the container comprises external and internal surfaces and said wipes are made
from a substrate; and (b) attaching a portion sample of the substrate onto at
least one external surface of the container.
In a preferred execution of the present invention, the portion sample is
attached onto at least one external surface of the container 1 by means of an
adhesive.
Containers 1 according to the present invention provide the user or purchaser
with an improved informative value with respect to the wipes which are
contained within the container 1. A further advantage of the containers 1
according to the present invention is that they increase the advertising value
of
containers for wipes commonly known in the art and provide the consumer
with a unique buying experience.
Test method
Stiffness Measurement
The test Method for determining stiffness of a substrate is based on Standard
Test
Method ASTM D 4032, using as the device as described in Figure 2. The method
covers the determination of the stiffness by the circular bend procedure. As
the
general principle, the bending force or stiffness of a sample is calculated
after
folding the sample inside a hole by a plunger.
1. Scope
The average load expressed in Newton (N) to fold a circular flat shaped sample
placed onto a hole by a plunger at 90 penetration angle. In order to
determine
the folding force the inlet hole must have rounded edges to minimize any
friction. This test is designed for samples not exceeding Imm thickness.
2. Apparatus/Device
- Climatic Room Temperature............ 23 C
Relative Humidity..... 50 %
- Electronic Tensile Tester Instron 6021 Dynanometer
- Plunger 5 & holed platform 6 (see Figure 2)
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- Scissors Convenient type
- Scale Convenient type
3. Procedure
Test sample should be conditioned in a climatic room for not less than 6 hours
before testing.
The plunger 5 and the holed platform 6 are respectively fixed to the upper
cross
head and the lower clamp of the tensile tester.
3.1. S ample Preparation
A circular sample 8 of 60 mm diameter is cut out and put it over the holed
Platform.
The plunger end is set 10 mm above the sample surface.
3.2. Test Procedure
The test procedure is as indicated in ASTM D 4032.
Parameters are set as follows:
Gauge length 10mm
Crosshead speed 500mm/min
Measurement length 20mm
4. Calculations
At least 3 replicates for each sample are measured.
The peak load (N) of each sample is reported.
Examples
Example 1
An abrasive wipe was made using a commercially available carded hydro-
entangled
nonwoven substrate of 58 g/m2 basis weight containing 60% synthetic fibers and
40%
absorbent fibers. The applied polymeric material is polypropylene supplied by
Basell
under the trade name Moplen HF 1005. The polymeric material was applied by a
gravure printing process as described in EP-A1-1 262 531.
The abrasive wipe is then laminated with a bi-axially oriented, gloss
polypropylene
film in a conventional manner using an acrylic-based intermediate adhesive
coating.
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The obtained laminate is then coated on its polymeric film surface with an
acrylic-
based permanent adhesive material. The overall stiffness of this laminate
piece (4)
has been determined to be of 6.1N, as measured according to the Test Method
described herein.
The laminate piece (4) coated with the acrylic-based adhesive is then attached
to a
regular wipe-containing flexible packaging according to the method described
in EP-
B1-0 677 013.
Example 2
The following examples serve to exemplify pre-moistened contained within the
container 1 according to the present invention. The lotions are made by
combining
the listed ingredients in the listed proportions to form homogeneous mixtures
(solution weight % unless otherwise specified). The following examples are
meant to
exemplify lotions used in pre-moistened wipes for use in the present invention
but are
not necessarily used to limit or otherwise define the scope of the present
invention.
Several substrates are described to illustrate the invention. All substrates
have
homogeneously distributed fibers, have dimensions 26 cm * 17 cm, are initially
dry,
and are impregnated with lotion at loading factor between 2.0 x and 4.40 x
factor,
based on basis weight of the substrate before abrasion application. Following
substrates are mentioned for example purposes:
Substrate 1 is a hydroentangled 67g/m Z substrate, consisting of 20%
polypropylene
and 80% PET, that is substantially free of binders and latexes;
Substrate 2 is a hydroentangled 58 g/m Z substrate, consisting of 90%
polypropylene
and 10% viscose fibers, that is substantially free of binders and latexes;
Substrate 3 is a hydroentangled 58 g/m Z substrate, consisting of 60%
polypropylene
and 40% viscose fibers, that is substantially free of binders and latexes;
Substrate 4 is a hydroentangled 58 g/m Z substrate, consisting of 50%
polypropylene
and 50% viscose fibers, that is substantially free of binders and latexes;
Substrate 5 is a hydroentangled 58 g/m Z substrate, consisting of 10%
polypropylene
and 90% viscose fibers, that is substantially free of binders and latexes;
Substrate 6 is a carded thermobonded 45 g/m Z substrate, consisting of 80%
polypropylene and 20% viscose fibers, that is substantially free of binders
and latexes;
The lotions loaded onto the substrate are made starting from a base product
lacking
perfume, part of total water and antifoaming agent. The base product includes:
0.05%
C12-14 E021, 8% ethanol, propylene glycol n-butyl ether up to 5%, 0.22% C12-14
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sulfobetaine, and acidifying agent up to 2%, and the remainder, excluding the
hole left
for perfume, dilution water and anti-foaming, up to 100%, water.
Perfume, anti-foaming agent and remaining dilution water are then incorporated
into
the respective base products resulting in aqueous compositions ready for
loading onto
5 the substrate. Compositions A to F are all lotions suitable for use in the
pre-
moistened abrasive wipes according to the present invention.
Ingredients:
A B C D E F
(% by weight)
n-BP Propylene 2 2 0 5 5 0
glycol butyl ether*
Denatured Ethanol 8 8 8 8 8 8
C 12-14 E021** 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
C12-14 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22
Sulfobetaine***
Antifoaming agent 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003
Citric acid 0.25 1 2 0 2 0
Perfume Up to Up to Up to Up to Up to Up to
0.20% 0.20% 0.20% 0.20% 0.20% 0.20%
Water to 100% to 100% to 100% to 100% to 100% to 100%
* n-BP Propylene glycol butyl ether supplied by Dow Chemical under the
tradename
10 Dowanol PnB.
* * C12-14 E021 is a C12-14 ethoxylated E021 alcohol made by Huntsman under
the
tradename Empilan.
*** C12-14 Sulfobetaine supplied by Degussa-Goldschmidt under the trade name
Rewoteric AM CAS 15U.
