Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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DATA EXCHANGE SYSTEMS AND METHODS EMPLOYING RF DATA
TRANSMISSION
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims priority of U.S. Provisional Patent
Application Serial Nos. 60/727,385 filed October 18, 2005, 60/727,387
filed October 18, 2005, 60/727,388 filed October 18, 2005, 60/727,389
filed October 18, 2005, 60/727,390 filed October 18, 2005, 60/727,391
filed October 18, 2005, 60/727,392 filed October 18, 2005, and 60/727,393
filed October 18, 2005, the contents of which are incorporated herein by
reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to radio frequency identification
(RFID) systems and, in particular, to RFID systems that store data in a
manner that allows the downloading of data to be controlled.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
RFID systems are becoming ubiquitous in everyday life. An RFID
system contains two basic elements: a tag unit and an interrogator unit.
The tag unit typically comprises an IC and an antenna. The IC comprises
memory and processing circuitry. The interrogator unit contains an RF
transceiver, processing circuitry, and an antenna. Power to the tag IC may
be provided by the interrogator unit, so the tag unit need not contain a
power storage system such as a battery. A tag unit that does not contain
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a power storage system is referred to as a passive tag unit. The
interrogator portion may generate a signal that activates any tag unit within
reach of the signal. When activated, any tag unit within signal reach
transmits any data stored on the memory to the interrogator unit.
In many contexts, the data stored by a tag unit is not confidential.
However, in other contexts, it may be desirable to limit access to the data
stored on a tag unit. The present invention relates to RFID systems and
methods designed to limit access to data stored on a tag unit.
The present invention is of particular significance in the context of a
io button assembly that stores personal information such as telephone
numbers, addresses, and the like. The present invention will thus be
described herein in the context of RFID systems and methods that allow
personal data to be transmitted from a button assembly to an electronic
device such as a telephone or computer for storage and/or further
processing. However, the principles of the present invention may have
broader application, and the principles of the present invention should be
determined by the claims appended hereto and not the following detailed
description of the invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention may be embodied as a data exchange
system for exchanging data with a host device, comprising at least one
button assembly and a dock assembly. The at least one button assembly
comprises an encoder, a button coil, and a switch, where closing the
switch forms an antenna circuit. The dock assembly comprising a
controller, at least one dock coil, a decoder, and at least one interface.
The controller causes the decoder to obtain data from the encoder through
the button coil and the dock coil when the switch is closed. The controller
further transfers the data to the at least one interface. The at least one
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interface transfers the data to the host device.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first example data exchange system
constructed in accordance with, and embodying, the principles of the
present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a second example data exchange
system constructed in accordance with, and embodying, the principles of
lo the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a third example data exchange system
constructed in accordance with, and embodying, the principles of the
present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a fourth example data exchange
is system constructed in accordance with, and embodying, the principles of
the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a fifth example data exchange system
constructed in accordance with, and embodying, the principles of the
present invention;
20 FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a sixth example data exchange system
constructed in accordance with, and embodying, the principles of the
present invention;
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of an example telephone interface and
power supply interface that may be used by the first, fifth, and sixth
25 example data exchange systems described above;
FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of an example microphone interface that
may be used by the second, third, and sixth data exchange systems
described above;
FIG. 9 depicts the relationship of an example of an eight-bit byte
30 and a cycle used to create a pulse-width modulated signal;
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FIG. 10 depicts a pulse-width modulated signal created by the byte
depicted in FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 depicts a first configuration of a seventh example data
exchange system of the present invention;
FIG. 12 depicts a second configuration of the seventh example data
exchange system depicted in FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an example button assembly
constructed in accordance with, and embodying, the principles of the
present invention;
FIGS. 14A and 14B are side elevation cut-away views of first and
second example button assemblies;
FIG. 15 is a perspective view of an example card assembly
employing a button assembly such that as that depicted in FIG. 13;
FIG. 16 is a side elevation cut-away view of the card assembly
is depicted in FIG. 15;
FIG. 17 is an elevation view of a first embodiment of a dock
assembly for obtaining data from one or more button assemblies such as
those depicted in FIG. 13;
FIG. 18 is an end elevation view of the first embodiment of the dock
assembly depicted in FIG. 17;
FIG. 19 is an end elevation view of a second embodiment of a dock
assembly similar to the one depicted in FIG. 17;
FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of a dock
assembly for obtaining data from one or more of the button assemblies
such as those depicted in FIG. 13;
FIGS. 21A-D are block diagrams illustrating four different
configurations of dock assemblies for obtaining data from one or more
button assemblies such as those depicted in FIG. 13; and
FIG. 22 is a highly schematic representation of one example
manufacturing system that may be used to fabricate a card assembly such
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as that depicted in FIGS. 15 and 16.
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The principles of the present invention may be embodied in many
different forms, and six example data exchange systems using the
principles of the present invention will be described below.
1. First Example Data Exchange System
Referring initially to FIG. 1 of the drawing, depicted at 20 therein is
io a first example data exchange system constructed in accordance with, and
embodying, the principles of the present invention. The first example data
exchange system 20 comprises a plurality of button assemblies 22a, 22b,
and 22n and a dock assembly 24. As will be described in further detail
below, the dock assembly 24 is connected between a TELCO jack 30 and
a telephone 32 by first and second cable assemblies 34 and 36.
Each button assembly comprises an RFID encoder 40, a switch 42,
and a button coil 44. When the switch 42 is in a closed state, an antenna
circuit 46 is formed that includes the RFID encoder 40 and the button coil
44. When the switch 42 is closed, the antenna circuit 46 allows the RFID
encoder 40 to be energized. When energized, the RFI D encoder 40
generates an RF data signal that is transmitted from the button coil 44.
The RF data signal contains data stored by the RFID encoder 40.
The example dock assembly 24 comprises a controller 50, an RFID
decoder 52, a multiplexer 54, and a plurality of dock coils 56a, 56b, and
56n. The example dock assembly 24 further comprises a telephone
interface 60, a power supply interface 62, a power supply 64, a first jack
70, and a second jack 72.
The controller 50 operates the multiplexer 54 to connect a selected
one of the dock coils 56 to the RFID decoder 52. The controller 50 further
operates the RFID decoder 52 to energize the selected dock coil 56.
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Typically, the controller 50 will cycle among the plurality of dock coils 56
if
more than one dock coil 56 is used.
When the selected dock coil 56 is energized by the RFID decoder
52 as described above, the selected dock coil 56 transmits an RF power
signal. If the button coil 44 of any one of the button assemblies 22a-n is
within range of the RF power signal generated by the selected dock coil
56, any button coil 44 adjacent to the selected dock coil 56 converts the
RF power signal into a current capable of energizing the RFID encoder 40
connected to the adjacent button coil 44.
If the switch 42 connected to the button coil 44 that receives the RF
power signal is open, the antenna circuit 36 is not formed, and the RFID
encoder 40 is not energized. If, however, the switch 42 connected to the
button coil 44 that receives the RF power signal is closed, the antenna
circuit 36 is formed, and the adjacent button coil 44 generates a current
ls that energizes the RFID encoder 40. As described above, the RFID
encoder 40 generates the RF data signal when energized. The adjacent
button coil 44 transmits the RF data signal to the selected dock coil 56
adjacent thereto.
The selected dock coil 56 receives the RF data signal and converts
the RF data signal into a current that is received by the RFID decoder 52
through the multiplexer 54. The RFID decoder 52 extracts from the RF
data signal the data stored by the RFID encoder 40 connected to the
adjacent button coil 44.
The RFID encoder 40 then passes the extracted data to the
controller 50. In the example data exchange system 20, the extracted
data corresponds to a telephone number or a portion of a telephone
number. The controller 50 generates DTMF signals corresponding to the
telephone number or portion of a telephone number. The controller 50
may generate the DTMF signals using conventional pulse-width
modulation techniques or a DTMF generation system as will be described
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in further detail below.
The telephone interface 60 conditions the DTMF signal as
appropriate for applying to the TIP and RING lines of a conventional
telephone system. In particular, the first cable 34 is connected between
the TELCO jack 30 and the first jack 70, and the second cable 34 is
connected between the second jack 72 and the telephone 32. A twisted
pair carrying the TIP and RING lines is available between the first and
second jacks 70 and 72. The telephone interface 60 applies the DTMF
signal to the TIP and RING lines in a conventional manner.
FIG. 1 further illustrates that the power supply interface 62 is
connected to the TIP and RING lines. The power supply interface 62
generates a raw power supply signal and applies this raw power signal to
the power supply 64 in accordance to local telecommunications standard.
The power supply 64 converts the raw power signal into a system power
supply signal appropriate for powering the controller 50, RFID decoder 52,
telephone interface 60, and power supply interface 62 in a conventional
manner. By obtaining power from the TIP and RING lines, the dock
assembly 24 does not require utility or battery power.
The RFID encoder 40 and RFID decoder 52 are or may be
conventional. The RFID system formed by the encoder 40 and decoder
52 can be used both to transmit data from the button assemblies 22 to the
dock 24 and, under appropriate conditions, from a conventional RFID
programming system to the RFID encoder 40 of the button assemblies 22.
Alternatively, data may be stored directly onto the RFID encoder 40 using
electrical contacts.
The first example data exchange system 20 is appropriate for use
with POTS systems where limited power is available on the TIP and RING
lines and the DTMF signals can be injected directly into the TIP and RING
lines.
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II. Second Example Data Exchange System
Referring now to FIG. 2 of the drawing, depicted at 120 therein is a
second example data exchange system constructed in accordance with,
and embodying, the principles of the present invention. The second
example data exchange system 120 comprises a plurality of the button
assemblies 22a, 22b, and 22n and a dock assembly 124.
As will be described in further detail below, the dock assembly 124
is connected between a PBX PHONE jack 130 and a digital telephone 132
io by first and second cable assemblies 134 and 136. In the example system
120, the dock assembly 124 is additionally connected between a
telephone base 140 and a telephone handset 142 by cables 144 and 146.
The button assemblies 22a-n described above may also be used in
connection with the dock assembly 124 as will be described in further
is detail below.
The example dock assembly 124 comprises a controller 150, an
RFID decoder 152, a multiplexer 154, and a plurality of dock coils 156a,
156b, and 156n. The example dock assembly 124 further comprises a
microphone interface 160, a power supply interface 162, a power supply
20 164, a first jack 170, a second jack 172, a third jack 174, and a fourth
jack
176. The controller 150 operates the multiplexer 154 to connect a
selected one of the dock coils 156 to the RFID decoder 152. The
controller 150 further operates the RFID decoder 152 to energize the
selected dock coil 156.
25 When the selected dock coil 156 is energized by the RFID decoder
152 as described above, the selected dock coil 156 transmits an RF power
signal. If the button coil 144 of any one of the button assemblies 122a-n is
within range of the RF power signal generated by the selected dock coil
156, any button coil 144 adjacent to the selected dock coil 156 converts
30 the RF power signal into a current capable of energizing the RFID encoder
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140 connected to the adjacent button coil 144.
If the switch 142 connected to the button coil 144 that receives the
RF power signal is open, the antenna circuit 136 is not formed, and the
RFID encoder 140 is not energized. If, however, the switch 142 connected
5 to the button coil 144 that receives the RF power signal is closed, the
antenna circuit 136 is formed, and the adjacent button coil 144 generates
a current that energizes the RFID encoder 140. As described above, the
RFID encoder 140 generates the RF data signal when energized. The
adjacent button coil 144 transmits the RF data signal to the selected dock
lo coil 156 adjacent thereto.
The selected dock coil 156 receives the RF data signal and
converts the RF data signal into a current that is received by the RFID
decoder 152 through the multiplexer 154. The RFID decoder 152 extracts
from the RF data signal the data stored by the RFID encoder 140
connected to the adjacent button coil 144.
The RFID encoder 140 then passes the extracted data to the
controller 150. In the example data exchange system 120, the extracted
data corresponds to a telephone number or a portion of a telephone
number. The controller 150 generates DTMF signals corresponding to the
telephone number or portion of a telephone number. The controller 150
may generate the DTMF signals using conventional pulse-width
modulation techniques or a DTMF generation system as will be described
in further detail below.
The microphone interface 160 conditions the DTMF signal as
appropriate for application to the microphone lines of a conventional
telephone. The microphone interface 160 applies the DTMF signal to the
microphone lines such that, when the telephone base 140 is in the "off
hook" state, the DTMF signals are passed through to the phone lines
connected to the telephone base 140.
FIG. 2 further illustrates that the first cable 134 is connected
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between the PBX TELCO jack 130 and the first jack 170, and the second
cable 134 is connected between the second jack 172 and the digital
telephone 132. Several conductors carrying the voice and power signals
are thus available between the first and second jacks 170 and 172. The
power supply interface 166 is connected to the power lines. The power
supply interface 166 generates a raw power supply signal and applies this
raw power signal to the power supply 164. The power supply 164
converts the raw power signal into a system power supply signal
appropriate for powering the controller 150, RFID decoder 152,
microphone interface 160, and power supply interface 166 in a
conventional manner. By obtaining power from the PBX power lines, the
dock assembly 124 does not require utility or battery power.
The RFID encoder 140 and RFID decoder 152 are or may be
conventional. The RFID system formed by the encoder 140 and decoder
152 can be used both to transmit data from the button assemblies 122 to
the dock 124 and, under appropriate conditions, from a conventional RFID
programming system to the RFID encoder 140 of the button assemblies
122. Alternatively, data may be stored directly onto the RFID encoder 140
using electrical contacts. In either case, a computer interface may be
provided to facilitate use of the RFID interface system by casual users.
The second example data exchange system 120 is appropriate for
use with PBX telephone system where power is available on the TIP and
RING lines but the DTMF signals cannot be injected directly into the TIP
and RING lines.
III. Third Example Data Exchange System
Referring now to FIG. 3 of the drawing, depicted at 220 therein is a
third example data exchange system constructed in accordance with, and
embodying, the principles of the present invention. The third example data
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exchange system 220 comprises a plurality of the button assemblies 22a,
22b, and 22n and a dock assembly 224.
In the example system 220, the dock assembly 224 is connected
between a telephone base 230 and a telephone handset 232 by cables
234 and 236. The button assemblies 22a-n described above may also be
used in connection with the dock assembly 224 as will be described in
further detail below.
The example dock assembly 224 comprises a controller 240, an
RFID decoder 242, a multiplexer 244, and a plurality of dock coils 246a,
246b, and 246n. The example dock assembly 224 further comprises a
microphone interface 250, a power supply 252, an energy supply 254, a
first jack 260, and a second jack 262. The controller 240 operates the
multiplexer 244 to connect a selected one of the dock coils 246 to the
RFID decoder 242. The controller 240 further operates the RFID decoder
242 to energize the selected dock coil 246.
When the selected dock coil 246 is energized by the RFID decoder
242 as described above, the selected dock coil 246 transmits an RF power
signal. If the button coil 234 of any one of the button assemblies 222a-n is
within range of the RF power signal generated by the selected dock coil
246, any button coil 234 adjacent to the selected dock coil 246 converts
the RF power signal into a current capable of energizing the RFID encoder
230 connected to the adjacent button coil 234.
If the switch 232 connected to the button coil 234 that receives the
RF power signal is open, the antenna circuit 46 is not formed, and the
RFID encoder 230 is not energized. If, however, the switch 232 connected
to the button coil 234 that receives the RF power signal is closed, the
antenna circuit 46 is formed, and the adjacent button coil 234 generates a
current that energizes the RFID encoder 230. As described above, the
RFID encoder 230 generates the RF data signal when energized. The
adjacent button coil 234 transmits the RF data signal to the selected dock
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coil 246 adjacent thereto.
The selected dock coil 246 receives the RF data signal and
converts the RF data signal into a current that is received by the RFID
decoder 242 through the multiplexer 244. The RFID decoder 242 extracts
from the RF data signal the data stored by the RFID encoder 230
connected to the adjacent button coil 234.
The RFID encoder 230 then passes the extracted data to the
controller 240. In the example data exchange system 220, the extracted
data corresponds to a telephone number or a portion of a telephone
number. The controller 240 generates DTMF signals corresponding to the
telephone number or portion of a telephone number. The controller 240
may generate the DTMF signals using conventional pulse-width
modulation techniques or a DTMF generation system as will be described
in further detail below.
The microphone interface 250 conditions the DTMF signal as
appropriate for application to the microphone lines of a conventional
telephone. The microphone interface 250 applies the DTMF signal to the
microphone lines such that, when the telephone base 230 is in the "off
hook" state, the DTMF signals are passed through to the PBX lines
connected to the telephone base 230.
FIG. 3 illustrates that the power supply 252 obtains energy from an
energy supply 254. The energy supply 254 may be utility power or a
battery. In either case, the power supply 252 generates a system power
supply signal appropriate for powering the controller 240, RFID decoder
242, and microphone interface 250in a conventional manner.
The RFID encoder 230 and RFID decoder 242 are or may be
conventional. The RFID system formed by the encoder 230 and decoder
242 can be used both to transmit data from the button assemblies 222 to
the dock 224 and, under appropriate conditions, from a conventional RFID
programming system to the RFID encoder 230 of the button assemblies
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222. Alternatively, data may be stored directly onto the RFID encoder 230
using electrical contacts.
IV. Fourth Example Data Exchange System
Referring now to FIG. 4 of the drawing, depicted at 320 therein is a
fourth example data exchange system constructed in accordance with,
and embodying, the principles of the present invention. The fourth
example data exchange system 320 comprises a plurality of the button
assemblies 22a, 22b, and 22n and a dock assembly 324. The button
assemblies 22a-n described above may also be used in connection with
the dock assembly 324 as will be described in further detail below.
As will be described in further detail below, the dock assembly 324
is connected between a TELCO jack 330 and a telephone 332 by first and
second cable assemblies 334 and 336. In the example system 320, the
dock assembly 324 is additionally connected to a computing device 340 by
a cable 342. The computing device 340 may be a general purpose
computer, personal digital assistant, cellular telephone, camera, MP3
player, or any other device capable of receiving digital data.
The example dock assembly 324 comprises a controller 350, an
RFID decoder 352, a multiplexer 354, and a plurality of dock coils 356a,
356b, and 356n. The example dock assembly 324 further comprises a
microphone interface 360, a computer interface 362, a power supply
interface 364, a power supply 366, a first jack 370, a second jack 372, and
a third jack 374. The controller 350 operates the multiplexer 354 to
connect a selected one of the dock coils 356 to the RFID decoder 352.
The controller 350 further operates the RFID decoder 352 to energize the
selected dock coil 356.
When the selected dock coil 356 is energized by the RFID decoder
352 as described above, the selected dock coil 356 transmits an RF power
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signal. If the button coil 344 of any one of the button assemblies 322a-n is
within range of the RF power signal generated by the selected dock coil
356, any button coil 344 adjacent to the selected dock coil 356 converts
the RF power signal into a current capable of energizing the RFID encoder
5 340 connected to the adjacent button coil 344.
If the switch 342 connected to the button coil 344 that receives the
RF power signal is open, the antenna circuit 336 is not formed, and the
RFID encoder 340 is not energized. If, however, the switch 342 connected
to the button coil 344 that receives the RF power signal is closed, the
10 antenna circuit 336 is formed, and the adjacent button coil 344 generates
a current that energizes the RFID encoder 340. As described above, the
RFID encoder 340 generates the RF data signal when energized. The
adjacent button coil 344 transmits the RF data signal to the selected dock
coil 356 adjacent thereto.
15 The selected dock coil 356 receives the RF data signal and
converts the RF data signal into a current that is received by the RFID
decoder 352 through the multiplexer 354. The RFID decoder 352 extracts
from the RF data signal the data stored by the RFID encoder 340
connected to the adjacent button coil 344.
The RFID encoder 340 then passes the extracted data to the
controller 350. In the example data exchange system 320, the extracted
data corresponds to at least a telephone number or a portion of a
telephone number. The controller 350 generates DTMF signals
corresponding to the telephone number or portion of a telephone number.
The controller 350 may generate the DTMF signals using conventional
pulse-width modulation techniques or a DTMF generation system as will
be described in further detail below.
The microphone interface 360 conditions the DTMF signal as
appropriate for application to the microphone lines of a conventional
telephone. The microphone interface 360 applies the DTMF signal to the
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microphone lines such that, when the telephone base 340 is in the "off
hook" state, the DTMF signals are passed through to the TIP and RING
lines connected to the telephone base 340.
In addition to telephone number data, the extracted data may
further contain personal information such as individual name, company
name, address, songs, video clips, audio clips, resume data, playlist data,
and the like. The controller 350 further generates a digital data signal
based on the extracted data, where the digital data signal contains the
contact information. The controller 350 is connected to the computer
interface 362 to transfer the digital data signal to the computer interface
362. The computer interface 362 in turn transfers the extracted data to the
computing device 340 through the third port 374 and the third cable 342.
Certain data communication standards allow not only digital data
but power to be transferred from a computing device to a peripheral
device. In the case of the computing device 340, the cable 342 is a USB
cable that carries a USB power signal and digital data. Accordingly, FIG. 4
further illustrates that the power supply interface 364 is connected to the
third jack 374 and generates a raw power supply signal based on the USB
power signal. The power supply interface 364 applies the raw power
signal to the power supply 366. The power supply 366 converts the raw
power signal into a system power supply signal appropriate for powering
the controller 350, RFID decoder 352, microphone interface 360, computer
interface 362, and power supply interface 364 in a conventional manner.
By obtaining power from the USB cable 342, the dock assembly 324 does
not require utility or battery power.
The RFID encoder 340 and RFID decoder 352 are or may be
conventional. The RFID system formed by the encoder 340 and decoder
352 can be used both to transmit data from the button assemblies 322 to
the dock 324 and, under appropriate conditions, from a conventional RFID
programming system to the RFID encoder 340 of the button assemblies
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322. Alternatively, data may be stored directly onto the RFID encoder 340
using electrical contacts.
Although the data exchange system 320 employs a telephone
interface 360 and is connected between the TELCO jack 330 and the
telephone 332, the system 320 may easily be modified to include a
microphone interface that is connected between a telephone base and a
telephone handset.
V. Fifth Example Data Exchange System
Referring now to FIG. 5 of the drawing, depicted at 20a therein is a
fifth example data exchange system constructed in accordance with, and
embodying, the principles of the present invention. The fifth example data
exchange system 20a is substantially the same as the first example data
exchange system 20 described above. Therefore, the same reference
characters used in FIG. 1 to refer to components of the first example data
exchange system 20 will be used in FIG. 5 to refer to like components of
the fifth example data exchange system 20a.
The fifth example data exchange system 20a comprises a power
storage element 66 connected to the power supply 64. The power signal
carried by the TIP and RING lines is available only when the telephone is
in its "off hook" state. The power storage element 66 allows the power
supply 64 to store energy whenever the telephone is placed in the "off
hook" state. Accordingly, the power supply 64 may be capable of handling
greater loads when required using power stored in the power storage
element 66. The power storage element 32 may be a rechargeable
battery or other energy storage element such as a capacitor.
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VI. Sixth Example Data Exchange System
Referring now to FIG. 6 of the drawing, depicted at 420 therein is a
second example data exchange system constructed in accordance with,
and embodying, the principles of the present invention. The second
example data exchange system 420 comprises a plurality of the button
assemblies 22a, 22b, and 22n and a dock assembly 424. The button
assemblies 22a-n described above may also be used in connection with
the dock assembly 424 as will be described in further detail below.
As will be described in further detail below, the dock assembly 424
is connected between a PBX TELCO jack 430 and a digital telephone 432
by first and second cable assemblies 434 and 436. In the example system
420, the dock assembly 424 is additionally connected between a
telephone base 440 and a telephone handset 442 by cables 444 and 446.
The example system 420 is further connected by to a computer 450 by a
cable 452.
The example dock assembly 424 comprises a controller 460, an
RFID decoder 462, a multiplexer 464, and a plurality of dock coils 466a,
466b, and 466n. The example dock assembly 424 further comprises a
microphone interface 470, a telephone interface 472, and a computer
interface 474. The example dock assembly 424 further comprises an "A"
power supply interface 480, a "B" power supply interface 482, and a power
supply 484. The dock assembly 424 also comprises a first jack 490, a
second jack 492, a third jack 494, a fourth jack 496, and a fifth jack 498.
The controller 460 operates the multiplexer 464 to connect a
selected one of the dock coils 466 to the RFID decoder 462. The
controller 460 further operates the RFID decoder 462 to energize the
selected dock coil 466.
When the selected dock coil 466 is energized by the RFID decoder
462 as described above, the selected dock coil 466 transmits an RF power
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signal. If the button coil 444 of any one of the button assemblies 422a-n is
within range of the RF power signal generated by the selected dock coil
466, any button coil 444 adjacent to the selected dock coil 466 converts
the RF power signal into a current capable of energizing the RFID encoder
440 connected to the adjacent button coil 444.
If the switch 442 connected to the button coil 444 that receives the
RF power signal is open, the antenna circuit 436 is not formed, and the
RFID encoder 440 is not energized. If, however, the switch 442 connected
to the button coil 444 that receives the RF power signal is closed, the
antenna circuit 436 is formed, and the adjacent button coil 444 generates
a current that energizes the RFID encoder 440. As described above, the
RFID encoder 440 generates the RF data signal when energized. The
adjacent button coil 444 transmits the RF data signal to the selected dock
coil 466 adjacent thereto.
The selected dock coil 466 receives the RF data signal and
converts the RF data signal into a current that is received by the RFID
decoder 462 through the multiplexer 464. The RFID decoder 462 extracts
from the RF data signal the data stored by the RFID encoder 440
connected to the adjacent button coil 444.
The RFID encoder 440 then passes the extracted data to the
controller 460. In the example data exchange system 420, the extracted
data corresponds to a telephone number or a portion of a telephone
number. The controller 460 generates DTMF signals corresponding to the
telephone number or portion of a telephone number. The controller 460
may generate the DTMF signals using conventional pulse-width
modulation techniques or a DTMF generation system as will be described
in further detail below.
The controller sends the DTMF signals either to the microphone
interface 470 or to the telephone interface. The microphone interface
conditions the DTMF signal as appropriate for application to the
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microphone lines of a conventional telephone. The telephone interface
conditions the DTMF signal as appropriate for application to the voice lines
of a digital phone. In either case, the DTMF signal is applied to the
microphone lines such that, when the telephone base 440 is in the "off
5 hook" state, the DTMF signals are passed through to the voice lines
connected to the telephone base 440.
In addition to telephone number data, the extracted data may
further contain contact information such as individual name, company
name, address, and the like.. The controller 460 further generates a digital
10 data signal based on the extracted data, where the digital data signal
contains the contact information. The controller 460 is connected to the
computer interface 474 to transfer the digital data signal to the computer
interface 474. The computer interface 474 in turn transfers the extracted
data to the computing device 450 through the third port 498 and the third
15 cable 452.
The example computing device 340 supports the USB or similar
standards described above. The example cable 342 is a USB cable that
carries a USB power signal and digital data. Accordingly, FIG. 6 further
illustrates that the "A" power supply interface 480 is connected to the third
20 jack 498 and generates a raw power supply signal based on the USB
power signal. The "A" power supply interface 480 applies the raw power
signal to the power supply 484. The power supply 484 converts the raw
power signal into a system power supply signal appropriate for powering
the controller 460, RFID decoder 462, microphone interface 470,
telephone interface 472, and computer interface 474in a conventional
manner. By obtaining power from the USB cable 342, the dock assembly
324 does not require utility or battery power.
However, FIG. 6 further illustrates that the first cable 434 is
connected between the PBX TELCO jack 430 and the first jack 490, and
the second cable 434 is connected between the second jack 492 and the
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digital telephone 432. Conductors carrying voice and power signals are
thus available between the first and second jacks 480 and 482. The "B"
power supply interface 480 is connected to the PBX power lines. The "B"
power supply interface 482 generates a raw power supply signal and
applies this raw power signal to the power supply 484. The power supply
484 converts the raw power signal into a system power supply signal
appropriate for powering the controller 460, RFID decoder 462,
microphone interface 470, telephone interface 472, and computer interface
474 in a conventional manner. If power is obtained from the PBX
interface, the dock assembly 424 does not require utility or battery power.
The RFID encoder 440 and RFID decoder 462 are or may be
conventional. The RFID system formed by the encoder 440 and decoder
462 can be used both to transmit data from the button assemblies 422 to
the dock 424 and, under appropriate conditions, from a conventional RFID
programming system to the RFID encoder 440 of the button assemblies
422. Alternatively, data may be stored directly onto the RFID encoder 440
using electrical contacts.
The data exchange system 420 allows a single unit to be shipped
that can be configured to work with a PBX telephone system, a computing
device, where power is available from one or both of the telephone line
and the computing device. If both power supplies are available, the "A"
power supply interface 480 will be used, as power is available as long as
the USB bus system is operating and not only when the phone lines are in
the "off hook" state.
VII. Example Telephony Interface Circuit
Referring now to FIG. 7, depicted therein is an example telephony
interface circuit 520 that implements the both the telephone interface 60
and the power supply interface 62 of the first example data exchange
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system 20.
The telephony interface circuit 520 illustrates that the TIP and RING
lines pass from the TELCO jack 70 through protection circuitry 522 to the
phone jack 72. A magnetic switch 524 is arranged in a normally open
configuration and closes when current flows through the TIP line. Power
passes through the switch 524 and a rectifier circuit 526 and to the power
supply 64. The DTMF+ and DTMF- signals pass through buffering
elements and an isolation transformer 528 and back through the switch
524 to the TIP and RING lines.
VIII. Example Microphone Interface Circuit
Referring now to FIG. 8, depicted therein is an example microphone
interface circuit 550 that may be used as the microphone interface circuit
160 of the second example data exchange system 120.
The microphone interface circuit 550 illustrates that the MIC+, SP+,
SP-, and MIC- lines pass between the handset jack 176 and the base jack
174. The SP+ and SP- lines pass straight through the circuit 550. The
MIC+ and MIC- minus lines are switched to the DTMF generation circuitry
by optocouplers 552 and 554 when activated by the ENABLE signal. The
DTMF signal is amplified by an amplifier circuit 556, passed through a
transformer 558, and then back to the optocouplers 552 and 554. A PWR
signal turns the amplifier circuit off when the circuit 550 is not in use. The
DTMF signals are thus injected into the MIC+ and MIC- lines at a level
appropriate for the circuitry in the telephone base 140 to apply these
signals to the PBX voice lines.
IX. Example DTMF Generation System
The generation of DTMF tones by any of the controllers described
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above will now be described in further detail. Table A set forth below
contains an industry-standard DTMF tone matrix that represents the
relationship between frequencies and digits:
TABLE A
LOW/HIGH 1209 Hz 1336 Hz 1477 Hz 1633 Hz
697 Hz 1 2 3 A
770 Hz 4 5 6 B
852 Hz 7 8 9 C
941 Hz * 9 # D
More specifically, a DTMF signal is a composite signal comprising
one of the LOW frequencies and one of the HIGH frequencies. For
example, a DTMF signal associated with the digit "2" comprises a first or
LOW sine wave having a frequency of 697 Hz and a second or HIGH sine
wave having a frequency of 1336 Hz.
To represent analog DTMF signals with digital circuitry, the
controller stores sets of frequency data in the form of series of numbers
that each represents one of seven of the eight frequencies contained in
Table A; the eighth frequency, 1633 Hz, is only used to represent letters
and is thus omitted.
In particular, a Table B, which forms part of this specification, is
appended hereto as Exhibit A. The third through ninth columns in the
Table B each contain the series of numbers that represent one of the
seven frequencies used to form DTMF signals. The first column contains
a sequential sample number from 1 to 78, and the second column contains
a number representing time in increments of 55 microseconds.
The numbers in Table B generally correspond to the amplitude of a
sine wave having the frequency identified at the top of Table B at a
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number of points in the cycle of the waveform. A plot or other reproduction
of these numbers at the time intervals in the second column will yield a
representation of a sine wave of the desired frequency.
All of the number series are repeated for the signal duration of a
given DTMF signal; this signal duration corresponds to the durations of the
periods TI, T2, and T3 described above. Several of the number sequences
are stored several times in Table B to improve reproduction of a composite
signal, which is calculated as will be described below. The number of
samples reproduced in Table B is set at 78 to show all of the repeated
number sequences.
To obtain a composite signal, the numbers in two of the columns of
Table B are added to obtain composite data. For example, to create
composite data associated with the digit "2", the numbers associated with
the frequencies 697 Hz and 1336 Hz are added together for each sample
period. For the digit "2", the composite number associated with the first
sample is 1+ 1, or 2. The composite number associated with the tenth
sample period is 35 + 11, or 46. These calculations are repeatedly
performed throughout the signal duration, and the repeated series reduce
distortions in the resulting composite signal.
The numbers representing the composite data calculated as just
described generally correspond to the amplitude of a composite signal
comprised of the frequencies 697 Hz and 1336 Hz at a number of points in
the cycle of the waveform of the composite signal. A plot or other
reproduction of these numbers at the time intervals in the second column
will thus yield a representation of a composite signal.
Again, if the controller contains a digital to analog converter, the
composite signal could be generated directly from the composite data
calculated as described above. For processors like the exemplary
controller that do not have the capacity to generate an analog signal, the
composite data may be used as a pulse-width modulated signal that
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represents the analog composite signal.
The present invention implements a digital pulse-width modulation
technique as follows. The composite data is stored within the controller in
the form of an eight-bit bye, with only least significant six bits being used
to
5 represent the composite signal. The use of six significant bits yields 64
possibilities, and the highest numbers in Table B do not add up to a
composite number that is greater than 64.
The six significant bits of the composite numbers calculated as
described above are used to determine the state of the output signal of the
10 controller (e.g., between DTMF+ and DTMF-). In particular, the first bit
determines the output signal at cycle 0 of a 64 cycle period. The second
bit determines the output signal at cycles 1 and 2 of the 64 cycle period.
The third bit determines the output signal at cycles 3-7 of the 64 cycle
period. The fourth bit determines the output signal at cycles 8-15 of the 64
15 cycle period. The fifth bit determines the output signal at cycles 16-31 of
the 64 cycle period. The sixth bit determines the output signal at cycles
32-63 of the 64 cycle period.
An example of this process is depicted in FIGS. 9 and 10. These
figures illustrate the generation of the output logic signal given the
20 example of a composite number equaling the hexadecimal number 0x25
(decimal: 37; binary: XX100101). The resulting digital output signal is
shown in FIG. 10. The total length of the 64 cycle period is much less than
the signal durations TI, TZ, and T3 described above.
25 X. Seventh Example Data Exchange System
Referring now to FIG. 11, depicted therein is data exchange system
620 comprising a button device 622 and a computing device 624. The
computing device 624 may be a general purpose computer, personal
digital assistant, cellular telephone, camera, MP3 player, or any other
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device capable of receiving digital data.
The button device 622 comprises a controller 630, a memory device
632, a switch 634, and data in and data out ports 636 and 638. In the
example system, the switch 634 is configured to allow the user to control
flow of data into and out of the controller 630 through the ports 636 and
638. The computing device 624 is configured to display a user interface
that allows access to the data in the memory device 632 when the switch
634 is closed. When connected to a computing device such as the device
624, the button may obtain power from the host computing device.
io In FIG. 12, a plurality of the buttons 622a, 622b, through 622n are
daisy chained together to form a data exchange system 640 that allows
data to be transferred among the various buttons 622 when one or more of
the switches 634 are activated.
The buttons 622 thus allow the exchange of personal information,
is such as individual name, company name, address, songs, video clips,
audio clips, resume data, playlist data, and the like, but only under control
of the user.
XI. Example Mechanical Systems
Referring initially to FIGS. 13 and 14A of the drawing, depicted at
720 therein is a first example button assembly constructed in accordance
with, and embodying, the principles of the present invention. The first
example button assembly 720 comprises a housing assembly 722 and
actuator member 724. As shown in FIG. 14A, the first example button
assembly 722 further comprises a circuit board 730, and the housing
assembly 722 comprises a first housing member 732 and a second
housing member 734.
FIG. 14A also illustrates that the second housing member 734
defines an actuator opening 736 and that the actuator member 724
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comprises an exposed surface 740 and an actuator projection 742. The
example circuit board 730 defines a switch element 744.
The first example button assembly 720 is assembled as follows.
The circuit board 730 is initially placed in the first housing member 732.
The actuator member 724 is then arranged within the actuator opening
736 defined by the second housing member 734. The first and second
housing members 732 and 736 are then joined together as shown in FIG.
14A such that the actuator projection 742 is in contact with the switch
element 744.
In use, applying a pressure to the exposed surface 740 causes the
actuator projection 742 to engage the switch element 744 to cause an
electrical switch to close and form an antenna circuit as generally
described above.
The circuit board 730 contains data that is accessible only when
pressure is applied to the exposed surface 740 of the actuator member
724 to form the antenna circuit. The circuit board 730 may be
preprogrammed with data using electrical contacts or RFID techniques
prior to formation of the button assembly 720 or may be programmed
using conventional RFID techniques after the button assembly 720 has
been formed.
Referring for a moment back to FIG. 14A, it can be seen that a
perimeter surface 750 of the actuator member 724 engages a guide
surface 752 defined by the second housing member 734 to guide the
actuator member 724 between released and depressed positions relative
to the housing assembly 722. In addition, as is conventional, the switch
element 744 resiliently opposes movement of the actuator member 724
from the released position to the depressed position. The switch element
744 thus biases the actuator member 724 into the released position, but
this bias can be overcome by the deliberate application of manual
pressure to the exposed surface 740.
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In the example, button assembly 720, the first housing member 732
defines a board support surface 754 on which the circuit board 730 is
placed. The engagement of the actuator projection 742 with the switch
element 744 forces the circuit board 730 against the board support surface
754 to hold the circuit board 730 in place within the housing assembly 722.
FIG. 14A further shows that the first and second housing members
732 and 734 define overlapping projections 760 and 762, respectively.
These projections 760 and 762 may extend around the entire periphery of
the housing members 732 and 734 or may be formed at discrete locations
around the periphery. In either case, the projections 760 and 762 are
configured to engage each other to secure the first and second housing
members 732 and 734 together to form the housing assembly 722 as
shown in FIG. 14A. The projections 760 and 762 may frictionally engage
each other, and/or adhesive or other means may be applied at the juncture
is of the first and second projections 760 and 762 to create a more rigid bond
between these first and second projections 760 and 762.
FIG. 14A also shows that, when the example first and second
housing members 732 and 734are joined together to form the housing
assembly 722, a perimeter gap 70 is formed that extends at least partly
around a perimeter edge 72 of the housing assembly 722. The purpose of
the perimeter gap 70 will be described in further detail below.
Referring now for a moment to FIG. 14B, depicted therein is a
second example button assembly 820 constructed in accordance with, and
embodying, the principles of the present invention. Like the first button
assembly 820, the second example button assembly 820 comprises a
housing assembly 822 and actuator member 824. As shown in FIG. 14B,
the first example button assembly 822 further comprises a circuit board
830, and the housing assembly 822 comprises a first housing member 832
and a second housing member 834.
FIG. 14B illustrates that the second housing member 834 defines
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an actuator opening 836 and that the actuator member 824 comprises an
exposed surface 840 and an actuator projection 842. The example circuit
board 830 defines a switch element 844.
The first example button assembly 820 is assembled as follows.
The circuit board 830 is initially placed in the first housing member 832.
The actuator member 824 is then arranged within the actuator opening
836 defined by the second housing member 834. The first and second
housing members 832 and 836 are then joined together as shown in FIG.
14B such that the actuator projection 842 is in contact with the switch
element 844.
In use, applying a pressure to the exposed surface 840 causes the
actuator projection 842 to engage the switch element 844 to cause an
electrical switch to close and form an antenna circuit. Again, a system for
forming such an antenna circuit is described in more detail above.
The circuit board 830 contains data that is accessible only when
pressure is applied to the exposed surface 840 of the actuator member
824 to form the antenna circuit. The circuit board 830 may be
preprogrammed with data using electrical contacts or RFID techniques
prior to formation of the button assembly 820 or may be programmed
using conventional RFID techniques after the button assembly 820 has
been formed.
Referring for a moment back to FIG. 14B, it can be seen that a
perimeter surface 850 of the actuator member 824 engages a guide
surface 852 defined by the second housing member 834 to guide the
actuator member 824 between released and depressed positions relative
to the housing assembly 822. In addition, as is conventional, the switch
element 844 resiliently opposes movement of the actuator member 824
from the released position to the depressed position. The switch element
844 thus biases the actuator member 824 into the released position, but
this bias can be overcome by the deliberate application of manual
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pressure to the exposed surface 840.
In the example button assembly 820, the first housing member 832
defines a board support surface 854 on which the circuit board 830 is
placed during assembly of the button assembly 820.
5 FIG. 14B further shows that the first and second housing members
832 and 834 define overlapping projections 860 and 862, respectively.
These projections 860 and 862 may extend around the entire periphery of
the housing members 832 and 834 or may be formed at discrete locations
around the periphery. In either case, the projections 860 and 862 are
10 configured to engage each other to secure the first and second housing
members 832 and 834 together to form the housing assembly 822 as
shown in FIG. 14B. The projections 860 and 862 may frictionally engage
each other, and/or adhesive or other means may be applied at the juncture
of the first and second projections 860 and 862 to create a more rigid bond
15 between these first and second projections 860 and 862.
In the example, button assembly 820, the projection 862 on the
second housing member 834 defines a board capture surface 864. When
the first and second housing members 832 and 834 are joined together,
the board capture surface 864 overlaps at least a portion of the perimeter
20 of the circuit board 830 to hold the circuit board 830 against the board
support surface 754. The circuit board 830 is thus firmly clamped between
the first and second housing members 832 and 834.
FIG. 14B also shows that, when the example first and second
housing members 832 and 834 are joined together to form the housing
25 assembly 822, a perimeter gap 870 is formed that extends at least partly
around a perimeter edge 872 of the housing assembly 822. The purpose
of the perimeter gap 70 will become apparent from the following
discussion.
FIGS. 14A and 14B illustrate that the housing assemblies 722 and
30 822 of the example button assemblies 720 and 820 define perimeter gaps
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770 and 870, respectively. These perimeter gaps 770 and 870 facilitate
the attachment of the button assemblies 722 and 822 to a substrate such
as a business card, rolodex card, credit card, or the like.
In particular, FIG. 15 illustrates card assembly 920 comprising one
of the button assemblies 720 or 820 and a business card 922. The button
assembly 720,820 is attached to the business card 922 such that the
exposed surface 740,840 is accessible. Accordingly, the button assembly
720, 820 may be distributed in a manner similar to a conventional
business card, but the card assembly 920 has the advantage of having the
telephone and/or other personal information stored thereon. The button
assembly 720, 820 may be used while still attached to the business card
922 or may be detached from the business card 922 and used separately.
FIG. 16 illustrates that the business card 922 defines a card
opening 924 into which a portion of the button assembly 720 is inserted.
is When the portion of the button assembly 720 is inserted into the card
opening 924, an edge portion 926 of the business card 922 is received
within the perimeter gap 70 defined by the button assembly 720. The
housing assembly 92 thus mechanically secures the button assembly 720
to the business card 922. The button assembly 820 would be attached to
the business card 922 in a similar manner.
More generally, the button assemblies 720 and 820 may be
attached to a substrate such as liquid adhesives, pressure sensitive
materials, or any other system for bonding two items together. In this
context, it should be apparent that certain bonding systems obviate the
need for forming a card opening 924 for receiving the button assembly
720, 820.
FIG. 17 depicts a first example dock assembly 1020 that may be
used in connection with the button assemblies 720 and 820 described
above. The example dock assembly 1020 comprises a housing assembly
1022 defining first, second, and third upper main surface portions 1030,
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1032, and 1034. The second upper main surface portion 1032 defines
first, second, and third dock surface portions 1040, 1042, and 1044. The
dock surface portions 1040, 1042, and 1044 in turn each define three
button positions 1046a, 1046b, and 1046c.
As shown in FIG. 17, one or more of the button assemblies 720,
820 are arranged at any of the button positions 1046a-c of the dock
surface portions 1040, 1042, and 1044. The example dock assembly
1020 thus defines nine button positions, and six of these are occupied and
three are unoccupied in the example configuration shown in FIG. 17.
io Associated with each of the button positions 1046a-c is a dock coil (not
shown in FIG. 17) that may be used to obtain data from the circuit board
100 using conventional RFID techniques as defined in more detail above.
The data extracted from the circuit board 730, 830 may correspond
to at least a telephone number or a portion of a telephone number. In
addition to telephone number data, the extracted data may further contain
personal information such as individual name, company name, address,
songs, video clips, audio clips, resume data, playlist data, email address,
website address, and the like.
FIG. 17 further illustrates that the housing assembly 1022 defines
first and second side surfaces 1050 and 1052, a front surface 1054, a rear
surface 1056, and a bottom surface 1058. FIG. 18 illustrates an example
rear surface 1056a in which first and second telephony jacks 1060 and
1062 are formed. FIG. 19 illustrates a second example rear surface 1056b
comprising the first and second telephony jacks 1060 and 1062 and first
and second handset jacks 1064 and 1066. FIG. 17 illustrates a USB port
1068 formed in the first side surface 1050. The exact configuration and
location of these various jacks 1060-366 and port 1068 is not important,
but placement towards the rear of the housing assembly 1022 as shown in
FIG. 17 tends to allow cables connected to these jacks and ports to be
kept out of the way.
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The surface portions 1030 and 1034 may be imprinted with text
and/or graphics that allow the space defined by these surface portions
1030 an 1034 to be used for advertising purposes.
FIG. 20 depicts a second example dock assembly 1120 that may be
used in connection with the button assemblies 720 and 820 described
above. The example dock assembly 1120 comprises a housing assembly
1122 defining a base portion 1130 and a cover portion 1132, and a coil
projection 1134. The dock assembly 1120 further comprises an axle
assembly 1136 rotatably mounted to the cover portion 1132. The axle
assembly 1136 comprises an axle member 1140, first and second thumb
wheels 1142 and 1144, and first and second card wheels 1146 and 1148.
It will be recognized that the dock assembly 1120 is in the form of a
conventional card holder such as is available from Rolodex. As shown in
FIG. 20, the card wheels 1146 and 1148 support one or more card
is assemblies 1150 comprising a card substrate 1152 and one or more of the
button members 720 and/or 820. The axle assembly 1136 may thus be
used to rotate a selected one of the card assemblies 1150a into an access
position where the card substrate 1152 can be viewed and the button
assembly 720, 820 activated.
When the selected card assembly 1150a is in the access position,
the button assembly 720, 820 attached to the selected card assembly
11 50a is adjacent to the coil projection 1134. As described above, a dock
coil (not shown in FIG. 20) forming part of an interrogator unit is arranged
within the coil projection 1134. Accordingly, when the button assembly
720, 820 is activated, the interrogator unit can exchange data with the
circuit board 100, 830 on the button assembly 720, 820.
While not shown in FIG. 20, the housing assembly 1122 may be
provided with telephony jacks, handset jacks, and a USB port. The exact
configuration and location of these various jacks and port is not important,
but placement towards the rear of the housing assembly 1122 allows
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cables connected to these jacks and ports to be kept out of the way.
Referring now to FIGS. 21A-21 D, several configurations of a jacks
and ports are shown forming part of a generic dock assembly, along with
the host devices connected to these jacks and/or ports.
In FIG. 21A, a dock assembly 1220 is shown with first and second
telephony jacks 1222 and 1224 that are in turn connected to a standard
TELCO wall jack 1226 and telephone unit 1228 in a conventional manner.
In FIG. 21 B, a dock assembly 1230 is shown with first and second
jacks 1232 and 1234 adapted to be connected to a standard TELCO wall
jack 1236 and telephone unit 1238 in a conventional manner. The dock
assembly 1230 further comprises a USB port 1240 adapted to be
connected to a computing device 1242 in a conventional manner. The
computing device may be a general purpose computer, personal digital
assistant, cellular telephone, camera, MP3 player, a video player, or any
is other device capable of receiving digital data. In the case of a computing
device that runs a web browser, the computing device 1242 can be
configured to cause the browser to go to a web address stored by the
button assemblies 720, 820.
In FIG. 21C, a dock assembly 1230 is shown with first and second
jacks 1232 and 1234 adapted to be connected to a standard TELCO wall
jack 1236 and telephone base unit 1238 in a conventional manner. The
dock assembly 1230 further comprises first and second handset jacks
1260 and 1262 that are adapted to be connected to the telephone base
unit 1238 and a telephone handset 1264.
In FIG. 21 D, a dock assembly 1270 is shown with first and second
jacks 1272 and 1274 adapted to be connected to a standard TELCO wall
jack 1276 and telephone base unit 1278 in a conventional manner. The
dock assembly 1270 further comprises first and second handset jacks
1280 and 1282 that are adapted to be connected to the telephone base
unit 1278 and a telephone handset 1284. The dock assembly 1270 further
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comprises a USB port 1290 adapted to be connected to a computing
device 1292 in a conventional manner.
Referring now to FIG, 22 of the drawing, depicted at 1320 therein is
an example of a manufacturing process that may be used to manufacture
5 card assemblies such as the card assemblies 920 and 1150 described
above. Initially, card stock is provided as shown at 1322a. The card stock
1322a may be blank or may be preprinted in whole or in part. The
example card stock 1322 is shown in roll form, but the card stock may also
be provided in sheet form.
10 The card stock 1322a is then die cut at a step 1330 to obtain cut
card stock 1322b. The example cut card stock 1322b defines perforations
1332 and button openings 1334. At a step 1340, button assemblies such
as the button assemblies 720 and 820 are provided. In the step 1340, the
button assemblies 720, 820 are preprogrammed, but the programming
15 may be performed at a later time. In addition, the button assemblies 720,
820 may be pre-printed with graphics, words, colors, or the like. In the
example system 1320, the button assemblies 720, 820 are printed later as
will be described below.
At a step 1342, the button assemblies 720, 820 are placed partly
20 into the button openings 1334 to form card assemblies 1344 such as the
card assemblies 920 and 1150 described above. At this point, the card
assemblies 1344 are still connected as part of assembly card stock 1322c.
At a step 1350, one or more images 1352 are formed on the
assembly card stock 1322c to obtain printed card stock 1322d. The
25 images 1352 may be the same on each card assembly 1344 as shown in
FIG. 22 or may different for each card assembly 1344. As shown in FIG.
22, the images 1352 are formed both on the card stock and on the button
assemblies.
At that point, the card assemblies 1344 may be separated along the
30 perforations or shipped in sheet or roll form. If no perforations were
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formed, the card stock 1322 may be cut to obtain the individual card
assemblies 1344.
XII. Summary
In general, the present invention allows the user of the button
assemblies 22 to control when the data stored thereon is downloaded by
requiring that the switch 42 be closed to allow the antenna circuit 46 to be
formed. The button assemblies may be discrete or may be incorporated
as part of another structure such as a business card, credit card,
identification card, or the like. To this end, security can also be enhanced
by designing the antenna circuit 46 such that the button assembly must be
within a first range of less than approximately three inches, within a
second range of less than approximately one inch, and in the preferred
embodiments approximately one-half inch.
More specifically, the present invention allows data to be distributed
and downloaded for use in a variety of host systems, such as telephones
and computing devices, without modification of the host system.
The present invention may thus be embodied in many forms other
than those depicted and described herein. The scope of the present
invention should be determined based on the claims appended hereto and
not the foregoing detailed description.
CA 02622738 2008-03-14
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37
EXHIBIT A
CA 02622738 2008-03-14
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'TABLE B
f=freq (Hz) f=freq (Hz) f=freq (Hz) f=freq (Hz) f=freq (Hz) f=freq (Hz) f=freq
(Hz)
Desired Freq (Hz) 697 770 852 941 1209 1336 1477
Actual Freq (Hz) 696 770 848 940 - 1206 1340 1477
Sample t = Time (s)
1 5.5263E=05 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 0.00011053 2 2 3 3 3 4 5
3 0.00016579 5 6 7- 6 7 9 10
.4 0.00022105 8 10 12 11 12 14 16
0.00027632 13 1,5 -18 16 16 18 20
6 0.00033158 18 21 24 21 19 21 22
7 0.00038684 22 26 .30 26 21 21 20
8 0.00044211 27 31 35 29 21 20 17
9 0.00049737 32 35 38 31 . 19 16 12
0.00055263 35 38 40 31 16 11 6
11 0:00060789 38. 40 40 29 12 6 2
12 0.00066316 40 40 39 26 7 2 1
13 0.00071842 40 39 36' 22 . 3 1 1
14 0.00077368 40 37 31 17 11 4
0.00082895 38 33 26 12 0 4 9
16 0.00088421 35 29 20 7 .1 6 14
17 - 0.00003947 32 23 14 .3 3' 11 19
18 0.00099474 27 18 8 1 7 16 21
19 0.00105 22 13 4 1 12 20 21
0.00110526 17 8 1 1 .16 21 18
21 0.00116053 13 4 1 2 20 21 13
22 0.00121579 8 1 1 6 21 18 7
23 0.00127105 ' 5 1 .2 10 21 14 3
24 0.00132632 ,2 1 15 19 9 1
0. 00138158 1 1 11 20 16 4 1
26 0.00143684 0 . 4 17 25 11 1 3
27 0.00149211 0823 28 7 0 7
28 0.00154737 2 13 29 30 3 1 13
29 0.00160263 5 18 34 31 0 7 18
0.00165789 9 23 37 30 0 8 21
31 0.()0171316 ' 13 29 40 27 2 13 21
32 0.00176842 18 33 40 23 7 18 19 .
33 0.00182368 23 37 - 39 19 7 21 14
34 0.00187895. 27 39 36 13 12 22 9
0.00193421 32 40 32 9 16 20 4
36 0.00198947 35 40 27 4 20 17 1
37 0.00204474 38 38 21 1 21 12 1
38 0.0021 40 35 151. 1 21 7 2
39 0.00215526 . 40 31 9 .1 10 3 6
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40 0.00221053 40 26 5 1 16 0 12
41 0.00226579 38 21 1 5 11 0 17
42 0.00232105 35 15 1 9 7 2 20
43 0.00237632 31 10 1 14 3 11 22
44 0.00243158 27 6 2 19 0 10 20
45 0.00248684 22 2 5 24 0 15 16
46 0.00254211 17 1 10 28 1 19 10
47 0.00259737 12 0 15 30 7 21 5
48 0.00265263 8 0 21 31 15 21 1
49 0.00270789 4 2 27 30 12 19 0
50 0.00276316 2 6 32 28 16 14 1
51 0.00281842 0 10 37 24 20 9 5
52 0.00287368 0 15 39 20 21 5 10
53 0.00292895 0 21 40 15 21 1 16
54 0.00298421 2 26 40 10 19 0 20
55 0.00303947 5 31 37 5 16 0 22
56 0.00309474 9 35 33 2 11 3 20
57 0.00315 13 38 28 , 1 7 8 17
58 0.00320526 18 40 22 1 3 13 12
59 0.00326053 23 40 16 1 0 17 6
60 0100331579 28 39 11 4 0 20 2
61 0.00337105 32 37 6 8 1 22 0
62 0.00342632 36 33 2 13 4 20 0
63 0.00348158 38 29 1 18 8 17 4
64 0.00353684 40 23 0 23 12 12 9
65 0:00359211 40' 18 1 27 17 7 14
66 0.00364737 40 13 4 30 20 3 19
67 0.00370263 38 8 8 31 21 0 21
68 0.00375789 35 , 4 14 31 21 .0 21
69 0.00381316 31 1 20 29 19 1 18
70 0.00386842 27 0 26 25 15 5 13
71 0.00392368 22 0 31 21 11 10 7
72 0.00397895 ,17 1 36 16 6 15 3
73 0.0Q403421 12 4 39 11 3 19 0
74 0.00408947 8 8 40 6 0 21 0
75 0.00414474 4 13 40 2 0 21 3
76 0.0042 2 18 38 1 1 19 7
77 0.00425526 0 23 34 0 4 15' 13
78 0.00431053 0 29 30 1 6 10 18
