CORROSION-REDUCING COMPOSITION AND USE THEREOF

COMPOSITION ET SON UTILISATION POUR REDUIRE LA CORROSION

English Abstract

The invention relates to a composition which comprises at least one liquefying
agent for a hydraulic composition and at least one aminoalcohol, selected from
the group consisting of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and N-aminopropyl-
monomethyl ethanolamine. The invention also relates to the use of said
composition for reducing corrosion, especially on steel formwork in precast
components or on concrete steel of concrete constructions.

French Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition comprenant au moins un agent fluidifiant pour une composition à prise hydraulique, et au moins un amino-alcool qui est sélectionné dans le groupe rassemblant les composés amino-2-méthyl-1-propanol et N-aminopropyl-monométhyléthanolamine. La présente invention concerne en outre l'utilisation de cette composition pour réduire la corrosion de l'acier, en particulier la corrosion affectant les coffrages en acier d'éléments préfabriqués ou l'acier à béton armé de structures en béton.

Claims

15
Claims
1. A composition comprising at least one plasticizer for a hydraulically
setting composition
and
at least one amino alcohol selected from the group consisting of
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and N-aminopropylmonomethylethanol-
amine.
2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the
plasticizer comprises or consists of at least one polycarboxylate,
preferably at least one polycarboxylate ether.
3. The composition as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the
polycarboxylate comprises or consists of at least one polymer A of the
formula (I)
<IMG>
where
the symbols M each represent, independently of one another, H+, an
alkali metal ion, alkaline earth metal ion, divalent or trivalent metal ion,
ammonium ion or organic ammonium group,
each R is, independently of the others, hydrogen or methyl,
R1 and R2 are each, independently of one another, C1-C20-alkyl,
cycloalkyl, alkylaryl or -[AO]n-R4,
where A=C2-C4-alkylene, R4=C1-C20-alkyl, cyclohexyl or
alkylaryl and n=2 - 250,
R3 is -NH2, -NR5R6, -OR7NR8R9,
where R5 and R6 are each, independently of one another,
H or a C1-C20-alkyl, cycloalkyl or alkylaryl or aryl group;
or

16
a hydroxyalkyl group,
or an
acetoxyethyl (CH3-CO-O-CH2-CH2-) or
hydroxyisopropyl (HO-CH(CH3)-CH2-) or
acetoxyisopropyl group (CH3-CO-O-CH(CH3)-CH2-),
or R5 and R6 together form a ring
of which the nitrogen of -NR5R6 is part so as to build up a
morpholine or imidazoline ring,
where R7 is a C2-C4-alkylene group,
and R8 and R9 are each, independently of one another, a C1-C20-
alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylaryl, aryl or hydroxyalkyl group,
and a, b, c and d are molar ratios and
a/b/c/d =(0.05-0.9)/(0.05-0.95)/(0-0.8)/(0-0.5),
and a+b+c+d=1.
4. The composition as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that n=8-200,
particularly preferably n=11-150.
5. The composition as claimed in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that
a/b/c/d = (0.1-0.9)/(0.1-0.9)/(0-0.5)/(0-0.1), preferably
a/b/c/d = (0.1-0.9)/(0.1-0.9)/(0-0.3)/(0-0.06).
6. The composition as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that c+d > 0.
7. The composition as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the
plasticizer comprises or consists of at least one polysaccharide, vinylic
copolymer or sulfonate, in particular a lignosulfonate,
naphthalenesulfonate or melaminesulfonate.
8. The composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the composition is a dispersion, in particular an
aqueous dispersion.
9. The composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that

17
the composition is a solution, in particular an aqueous solution.
10. The composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the composition additionally contains further
additives, preferably a solvent or water.
11. The composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the proportion of the amino alcohol is from 0.1 to
20% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight, particularly
preferably from 1 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the
composition.
12.The composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the proportion of the at least one plasticizer is from
to 99.9% by weight, preferably from 50 to 95% by weight, more
preferably from 80 to 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the
composition.
13. A hydraulically setting composition comprising a composition as claimed
in any of claims 1 to 12 and at least one hydraulically setting binder.
14. The use of a composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 12 for
reducing corrosion of steel.
15. The use as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that corrosion on steel
shuttering of prefabricated elements is reduced.
16.The use as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that corrosion on
reinforcing steel of concrete constructions is reduced.
17.The use of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and/or N-aminopropylmono-
methylethanolamine for reducing corrosion on steel shuttering of
prefabricated elements.

18
18.The use of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and/or N-aminopropylmono-
methylethanolamine for reducing corrosion on reinforcing steel of
concrete constructions.
19. A process for producing a composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to
12, which comprises the step
a) mixing of the amino alcohol 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol or
N-aminopropylmonomethylethanolamine and at least one
plasticizer.
20. A method of reducing corrosion on steel shuttering of prefabricated
elements or on steel reinforcement of steel-reinforced concrete
constructions, characterized in that a composition as claimed in any of
claims 1 to 12 is added to the fresh concrete and the fresh concrete is
brought into contact with the steel.
21. A concrete construction comprising a composition as claimed in any of
claims 1 to 12.
22. A concrete construction as claimed in claim 21, characterized in that the
concrete construction is a building work or a component of an above-
ground or underground construction, in particular a building, a road, a
bridge or a tunnel.
23. A prefabricated element comprising a composition as claimed in any of
claims 1 to 12.

Description

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CORROSION-REDUCING COMPOSITION AND USE THEREOF
Technical field
The invention relates to the field of corrosion inhibitors on steel, in
particular on steel shuttering in prefabricated elements or on reinforcing
steel
for concrete constructions. The invention relates especially to a composition
comprising at least one plasticizer for a hydraulically setting composition
and at
least one amino alcohol selected from the group consisting of 2-amino-
2-methyl-1-propanol and N-aminopropylmonomethylethanolamine.
Prior art
Steel shuttering are molds for casting concrete into which fresh
concrete for producing concrete components, also known as prefabricated
elements, is introduced. After curing of the concrete, the steel shuttering is
normally removed again. The corrosion of steel shuttering represents a great
problem and can lead to a reduction in the quality of the concrete, in
particular
the surface quality of the concrete, and, for example, to undesirable traces
of
rust on visible concrete. To suppress rust, a concrete release agent, also
known as forming oil, is generally applied to the steel shuttering before use.
These forming oils have the disadvantage that they have only a limited ability
to suppress corrosion and thus rust formation and also that they have to be
applied individually to each piece of steel shuttering before each use, which
is
both uneconomical and environmentally polluting.
The use of steel as reinforcement in constructions is widespread.
Steel-reinforced concrete is of particular importance. The steel is introduced
into a hydraulically setting material and reinforces this. The steel is used
particularly in elongated form, especially as rods or grids, and is also
frequently
referred to as reinforcement or armoring iron by those skilled in the art. The
corrosion of steel present in hydraulically setting materials is of great
economic
importance. Corrosion of the steel inlays reduces their strength and thus the
strength of the concrete. Furthermore, the corrosion products such as iron
oxides or iron oxide hydrates have a greater volume than the uncorroded steel
itself. This results in stresses in the concrete which can lead to cracks or

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2
splitting off of entire pieces.
Addition of corrosion inhibitors such as nitrites, amines, alkanolamines,
their mixtures with inorganic or organic acids or phosphoric esters to the
fresh
concrete or treatment of surfaces of cured steel-reinforced concrete with a
penetrating corrosion inhibitor is known. However, in order to be able to
display
their action, the corrosion inhibitors have to be used in large amounts, which
can be a disadvantage from both an economic point of view and an ecological
point of view.
The use of concrete plasticizers has been known for a long time. For
example, it is known from EP 1 138 697 B1 or EP 1 061 089 B1 that
(meth)acrylate polymers having ester and if appropriate amide side chains are
suitable as concrete plasticizers. Here, this concrete plasticizer is added as
additive to the cement or to the cement before milling and leads to a high
degree of plasticization or reduction of the water requirement of the concrete
or
mortar produced therefrom.
Description of the invention
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide
compositions for reducing corrosion, in particular on steel shuttering or on
reinforcing steel, which overcome the disadvantages of the prior art. It has
now
surprisingly been found that a composition comprising at least one plasticizer
for a hydraulically setting composition and at least one amino alcohol
selected
from the group consisting of 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol and N-aminopropyl-
monomethylethanolamine is highly suitable for preventing or reducing
corrosion on steel shuttering or on reinforcing steel. In addition, such
compositions have excellent processability and a high stability.
Ways of performing the invention
The present invention relates to a composition comprising or consisting
of at least one plasticizer for a hydraulically setting composition and at
least
one amino alcohol selected from the group consisting of 2-amino-2-methyi-
1-propanol and N-aminopropylmonomethylethanolamine. Particular preference
is given to a composition comprising or consisting of at least one plasticizer

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3
and 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol. N-Aminopropylmonomethylethanolamine is
also referred to as 2-[(3-aminopropyl)methylamino]ethanol (CAS No. 41999-70-
6).
The at least one amino alcohol of the composition according to the
invention is 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol or N-aminopropylmonomethyl-
ethanolamine or a mixture of 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol and N-aminopropyl-
monomethylethanolamine.
Possible plasticizers are ones which are suitable for plasticizing a
hydraulically setting composition or reducing its water requirement. For the
purposes of the invention, "plasticizers" includes superplasticizers which are
frequently also referred to as fluidizers.
In a preferred embodiment, the plasticizer comprises or consists of
polycarboxylate, preferably polycarboxylate ether (PCE). The polycarboxylate
preferably comprises or consists of at least one polymer A of the formula (I).
R R R R
a b c
d (I)
MO O O O HN O R3 O
R' R2
Here, the symbols M each represent, independently of one another,
H+, an alkali metal ion, alkaline earth metal ion, divalent or trivalent metal
ion,
ammonium ion or organic ammonium group. Here and in the following, the
term "independently of one another" in each case means that a substituent can
have different possible meanings in the same molecule. Thus, for example,
carboxyl groups and sodium carboxylate groups can be simultaneously present
in the polymer A of the formula (I), i.e. the radicals R, can in this case be
H+
and Na+ independently of one another.
It will be clear to a person skilled in the art that firstly the group in
question is a carboxylate to which the ion M is bound and secondly the charge
of polyvalent ions M has to be balanced by counterions.
Furthermore, the substituents R are each, independently of one
another, hydrogen or methyl. This means that the polymer A is a substituted
poly(acrylate), poly(methacrylate) or poly((meth)acrylate).

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Furthermore, the substituents R' and R2 are each, independently of
one another, C,-C20-alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylaryl or -[AO]õ-R4. Here, A is a C2-
C4-
alkylene group and R4 is a C,-C20-alkyl, cyclohexyl or alkylaryl group, while
n is
from 2 to 250, in particular from 8 to 200, particularly preferably from 11 to
150.
Furthermore, the substituents R3 are each, independently of one
another, -NH2, -NR5R6, -OR'NR$R9. Here, R5 and R6 are each, independently
of one another, H or a Cl-C2o-alkyl, cycloalkyl or alkylaryl or aryl group or
a
hydroxyalkyl group or an acetoxyethyl (CH3-CO-O-CH2-CH2-) or hydroxyiso-
propyl (HO-CH(CH3)-CH2-) or acetoxyisopropyl group (CH3-CO-O-CH(CH3)-
CH2-) or R5 and R 6 together form a ring of which the nitrogen of -NR5R6 is
part
so as to build up a morpholine or imidazoline ring. Furthermore, the
substituents R8 and R9 are each, independently of one another, a Cl-CZO-alkyl,
cycloalkyl, alkylaryl, aryl or hydroxyalkyl group and R7 is a linear or
branched
C2-C4-alkylene group, in particular isomers of C2-C4-alkylenes, preferably
ethylene, propylene, isopropylene or -C(CH3)2-CH2-.
Finally, the indices a, b, c and d indicate the molar ratios of these
structural elements in the polymer A of the formula (I). These structural
elements are present in a ratio of
a/b/c/d = (0.05 - 0.9)/(0.05 - 0.9)/(0- 0.8)/(0 - 0.5),
in particular a/b/c/d =(0.1 - 0.9)/(0.1 - 0.9)/(0 - 0.5)/(0 - 0.1),
preferably a/b/c/d =(0.1 - 0.9)/(0.1 - 0.9)/(0 - 0.3)/(0 - 0.06),
while the sum a + b+ c + d = 1. The sum c + d is preferably greater than 0.
The proportion of the polymer A of the formula (I) is typically from 10 to
100% by weight, in particular from 25 to 50% by weight, based on the weight of
the plasticizer.
The polymer A can be prepared by free-radical polymerization of the
respective monomers
R R
R R
MO O R1 O HR2 O R3 O
(Ila) (Ilb) (Ilc) (lid)

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or by polymer-analogous reaction of a polycarboxylic acid of the
formula (III)
R R R R
a b c
d
HO O HO O HO O HO O
In the polymer-analogous reaction, the polycarboxylic acid is esterified
or amidated by means of the appropriate alcohols, amines. Details regarding
5 polymer-analogous reactions are disclosed, for example, in EP 1 138 697 B1
on page 7 line 20 to page 8 line 50, and in the examples therein or in EP 1
061
089 B1 on page 4, line 54 to page 5 line 38 and in the examples therein. In a
variant thereof, as is described in EP 1 348 729 Al on page 3 to page 5 and in
the examples thereof, the polymer A can be prepared in the solid state.
It has been found that a particularly preferred embodiment of the
polymer is that in which c+d > 0, in particular d > 0. As radical R3, -NH-CH2-
CH2-OH, in particular, has been found to be particularly advantageous. Such
polymers A have a chemically bound ethanolamine which can be split off. The
ethanolamine is an extremely efficient corrosion inhibitor. Due to the
chemical
attachment of the corrosion inhibitor, the odor is greatly reduced compared to
the case where it is merely mixed in. Furthermore, it has been found that such
polymers A also display significantly greater plasticizing properties.
In a further preferred embodiment, the plasticizer of the present
composition according to the invention comprises or consists of at least one
polysaccharide, vinylic copolymer or at least one sulfonate, preferably on the
basis of a lignosulfonate, naphthalenesulfonate or melaminesulfonate. The
vinylic copolymer is preferably based on a polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl
ether.
The plasticizer preferably comprises, consists of or is based on Na, Ca or Mg
lignosulfonate, Na, Ca or Mg naphthalenesulfonate, Na or Ca
melaminesulfonate or a sulfonated melamine- or naphthalene-formaldehyde
condensate. Particular preference is given to Na lignosulfonate or Na
naphthalenesulfonate.
In a further embodiment, the composition of the invention can contain
further additives, preferably a solvent, in particular water. The composition
of

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the invention is preferably a dispersion, in particular an aqueous dispersion,
or
a solution, in particular an aqueous solution.
Suitable solvents are water and organic solvents. The choice is made
according to technical but preferably also ecological considerations, for
example toxicity, water hazard classes or biodegradability.
Particularly useful organic solvents are alcohols, preferably methanol,
ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, higher alcohols such as ethylene
glycol, glycerol, polyether polyols such as polyethylene glycols and ether
alcohols such as butyl glycol, methoxypropanol and alkylpolyethylene glycols,
and also aldehydes, esters, ethers, amides or ketones, in particular acetone,
methyl ethyl ketone, hydrocarbons, in particular methyl esters, ethyl esters,
isopropyl esters, heptane, cyclohexane, xylene, toluene, white spirit and
mixtures thereof. Preference is given to ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol
or
heptane, and mixtures thereof.
Very particular preference is given to water as solvent. Preference is
also given to mixtures of water with alcohols having a proportion of water of
more than 50% by weight, preferably more than 65% by weight, in particular
more than 80% by weight.
Particular preference is given to a composition comprising Na
lignosulfonate or Na naphthalenesulfonate, 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol and
water.
Examples of further additives are additives as are customary in
concrete technology, in particular surface-active substances, stabilizers
against
heat and light, mold release agents, chromate reducers, dyes, antifoams,
accelerators, retardants, further corrosion inhibitors, air-introducing or
deaerating substances, pore formers, pumping aids, viscosity regulators,
hydrophobicizing agents or thixotropes, shrinkage reducers.
The proportion of the amino alcohol is from 0.1 to 20% by weight,
preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably from 1 to 5% by
weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
The proportion of the at least one plasticizer is from 10 to 99.9% by
weight, preferably from 50 to 95% by weight, more preferably from 80 to 90%
by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

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The proportion of water or solvent is from 0 to 70% by weight,
preferably from 5 to 50% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 40% by weight,
based on the total weight of the composition.
In a further embodiment, the present invention provides a hydraulically
setting composition which comprises or consists of the composition of the
invention and also at least one hydraulically setting binder. The
hydraulically
setting binder is preferably a mineral binder such as cement, gypsum plaster,
fly ash, fumed silica, slag, slag sand, limestone filler or quicklime.
Preferred
hydraulic binders encompass at least one cement, in particular at least one
cement in accordance with European standard EN 197 or calcium sulfate in the
form of anhydrite, hemihydrate or dihydrate; or calcium hydroxide. Preference
is given to portiand cements, sulfoaluminate cements and high-alumina
cements, in particular portland cement. Mixtures of cements can lead to
particularly good properties. For fast curing, use is made of, in particular,
fast-
setting cement-containing binders which preferably contain at least one high-
alumina cement or another aluminate source, for example, aluminate-supplying
clinker and, if appropriate, calcium sulfate in the form of an anhydrite,
hemihydrate or dihydrate; and/or calcium hydroxide. Cement, in particular
portiand cement, is preferred as constituent of the hydraulic binder.
Particular
preference is given to a low-chromate cement.
The composition of the invention is preferably added to the
hydraulically setting binder so that the proportion of composition of the
invention is from 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 2% by weight,
particularly preferably from 0.4 to 1.5% by weight, based on the weight of the
hydraulically setting binder.
The composition of the invention is produced by mixing the amino
alcohol 2-amino-2-methyl-1 -propanol or N-aminopropylmonomethyl-
ethanolamine with at least one plasticizer, with it being immaterial whether
the
amino alcohol is added to the plasticizer or vice versa. An aqueous
composition or solution is produced by adding water or an organic solvent
during production of the plasticizer, in particular in the preparation of the
polymer A of the formula (I), or by subsequent mixing of the plasticizer, the
amino alcohol or the plasticizer and the amino alcohol with water or an
organic

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solvent. Preference is given to mixing the plasticizer with water or an
organic
solvent, preferably water, and subsequently adding the amino alcohol. The
composition of the invention can be present as a clear or opaque solution or
as
a dispersion, i.e. as emulsion or suspension.
In the production of the hydraulically setting composition, the
composition of the invention is preferably added simultaneously with the make-
up water to the hydraulically setting composition, preferably the dry concrete
mix, or mixed last into the hydraulically setting composition after addition
of the
make-up water.
In a further embodiment, the present invention provides for the use of
the composition of the invention for reducing or preventing corrosion of
steel, in
particular corrosion on steel shuttering of prefabricated elements or on
reinforcing steel of concrete constructions. The composition of the invention
is
particularly useful for reducing or preventing corrosion on steel shuttering
used
for the production of prefabricated elements.
In a further embodiment, the present invention provides for the use of
2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol and/or N-aminopropylmonomethylethanolamine
for reducing or preventing corrosion on steel shuttering of prefabricated
elements or on reinforcing steel of concrete constructions.
In a further embodiment, the present invention provides a method of
reducing corrosion on steel shuttering of prefabricated elements or on steel
reinforcement of steel-reinforced concrete constructions, in which the
composition of the invention is added to the fresh concrete and the fresh
concrete is brought into contact with the steel.
The present invention further provides a concrete construction which
has been protected against corrosion of steel shuttering or against corrosion
of
steel reinforcement and which comprises at least one composition according to
the invention. The concrete construction is advantageously a building work or
a
component of an above-ground or underground construction, in particular a
building or tunnel, a road or a bridge, in particular a building work which is
produced from prefabricated elements.
The present invention therefore further provides a prefabricated element
comprising the composition of the invention. The prefabricated element is, for

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example, a pipe, a wall, ceiling or floor slab, a tubbing element, prop,
bridge
bearer, bridge segment, binder, a flight of stairs or a platform.
The present composition according to the invention has the advantage
that it simultaneously acts as plasticizer for a hydraulically setting
composition
and as corrosion inhibitor for steel. As a result, the corrosion protection is
improved further above the corrosion-inhibiting action of the amino alcohol
because the use of the plasticizer reduces the amount of make-up water
required in the production of concrete and thus decreases the water/cement
value (w/c value). The lower the water/cement value, the less susceptible
is/are
the steel shutting or steel inlays which come into contact with the concrete
to
corrosion.
According to this embodiment, no subsequent addition of a plasticizer
or corrosion inhibitor is therefore necessary and a process step is therefore
saved in the use of the cement. Such a cement is therefore a ready-to-use
product which can be produced in large quantities.
A further advantage of the composition of the invention is that the
corrosion inhibitor can be introduced directly into the hydraulically setting
composition and the corrosion inhibitor does not have to be applied to the
steel
shuttering or steel inlays before the steel shuttering or steel inlays is/are
used.
This results in improved corrosion protection and a saving of time.

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Examples
The invention is illustrated below with the aid of examples.
1.1 Raw materials used
Commercial name Supplier Type Abbreviation
Liquiment N Liquiment Linz GmbH Na Liquiment
naphthalenesulfonate
(40%), water (60%)
Borresperse NA 244 Borregaard, Germany Na lignosulfonate (45%), Borresperse
water (55%)
Borrement CA 124 Borregaard, Germany Ca lignosulfonate (50%), Borrement
water (50%)
AMP-90 The Dow Chemical 2-Amino-2-methyl- AMP-90
Company 1-propanol (90%), water
(10%)
XTA - 758 Huntsman N-aminopropylmono- XTA
methylethanolamine or
2-[(3-aminopropyl)-
methylamino]ethanol
(CAS No. 41999-70-6)
2-(Dimethylamino)- Fluka, Switzerland 2-(Dimethylamino)- DMA
ethanol ethanol
Triethanolamine Fluka, Switzerland Triethanolamine TEA
Table 1: Raw materials used; the percentages are % by weight based on
the total weight of the raw material
1.2 Polymer A used
Abbreviation Meaning Mw*
PEG1 000 Polyethylene glycol without terminal OH groups 1000 g/mol
PEG3000 Polyethylene glycol without terminal OH groups 3000 g/mol
E0/P0(50/50)2000 Block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene 2000 g/mol
oxide in a ratio of 50:50 without terminal OH groups
10 Table 2 Abbreviations used. Mw = average molecular weight
The polymer A-1 indicated in table 3 was prepared from
poly(meth)acrylic acid by polymer-analogous reaction with the corresponding
alcohols and amines in a known manner. The polymer A-1 is present in

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partially neutralized (NaOH) form. (M = H+, Na+).
The polymer A is used as an aqueous solution in these examples. The
polymer content is 40% by weight. This aqueous solution is referred to as A-
1L.
The concentrations of A-1 indicated in the following tables are in each case
based on the content of aqueous solution A-IL.
R= H
R' = -PEG1000-OCH3 : -PEG3000-OCH3 57.2:42.8 molar ratio
R = EO/PO(50/50)2000-OCH3
R3=
a/b/c/d = 0.640/0.358/0.002/0.000
Mw 72 000
Table 3 Polymer A-1 corresponds to the formula (I) with M = H+, Na+.
2. Corrosion behavior of plasticizer and amino alcohol on steel plates
5% by weight of cement (CEM 142.5 R) was mixed with 95% by weight
of water and this mixture was filtered. This results in "serum". A mixture of
serum and amino alcohol or plasticizer or of serum, amino alcohol and
plasticizer was then produced and 3 drops of this mixture were in each case
applied to a steel plate (20 x 20 cm, ST 35). The amounts of amino alcohol or
plasticizer added to the serum are shown in table 4. The % figures are in each
case the % by weight of aqueous solutions of the amino alcohol or of the
plasticizer, based on the total mixture of serum and the aqueous solutions of
amino alcohol or of the plasticizer.
No. Substance Addition (%) Severity of
corrosion
1 Serum only - severe
2 A-1L 0.35 severe
3 A-1L 1 severe
4 A-1 L 2 medium
5 Borresperse 0.35 medium
6 Borrement 0.35 severe

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7 Liquiment 0.35 severe
8 AMP-90 0.3 none
9 2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol 0.3 low
Triethanolamine 0.3 medium
11 XTA 0.3 low-medium
12 A-1L / Borrement 0.25/0.1 severe
13 A-1 L/ AMP-90 2/0.1 low
14 A-IL / AMP-90 1/0.3 low
A-1L / AMP-90 1/0.1 low
16 A-1 L/ AMP-90 0.35/0.1 low
17 A-1L / AMP-90 0.35/0.01 medium
18 A-IL / Borrement/AMP-90 0.25/0.1/0.1 low
19 A-1L / Borrement/AMP-90 0.33/0.01/0.01 severe
A-1L / XTA 0.35/0.1 low
Table 4: Corrosion behavior of amino alcohol or plasticizers in serum on
steel plates
3. Corrosion behavior of mortar mixtures on steel plates
5 A standard mortar mixture (1350 g of standard sand (in accordance
with the standard EN 480), 450 g of cement (CEM I 42.5 R), 225 g of water,
w/c value = 0.5%) was admixed with a mixture of plasticizers and amino
alcohol and applied in a 1 cm thick layer to a"white band" filter paper
resting
on a steel plate. After 24 hours, the severity of corrosion on the steel
plates
10 was assessed visually (table 5). The % figures for the addition are in each
case
the % by weight of the amino alcohol or of the plasticizer based on the total
weight of cement.
No. Substance Addition (%) Severity of
corrosion
21 Mortar mixture only - severe
22 A-IL 1 severe
23 A-IL / AMP-90/Borresperse 0.96/0.02/0.02 low
24 A-IL / AMP-90/Borresperse 0.94/0.03/0.03 low

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Table 5: Corrosion behavior of mortar mixtures containing amino alcohol
or plasticizer on steel plates
4. Slump, compressive strength and air pore content of concrete mixtures
A concrete mixture of the compressive strength class C35/45, the slump
class F5 and having a maximum particle size of 16 mm (GK16) and a
water/cement value (w/c value) of 0.45 was produced in accordance with EN
934 from 360 kg/m3 of CEM 152.5 R.
The concrete mixture was admixed with plasticizer or with a
plasticizer/amino alcohol mixture and the slump was determined in accordance
with EN 12350, the air pore content was determined in accordance with EN
12350 and the compressive strength of the cured prisms was determined in
accordance with EN 12390.
The following plasticizers and amino alcohols were tested (table 6):
No. Substance Addition (%)
C1 A-1L / AMP-90/Borresperse 90/5/5
C2 A-IL / AMP-90/Borresperse 80/10/10
C3 A-IL / AMP-90/Borresperse 94/3/3
C4 A-?L / AMP-90 90/10
Ref I A-IL 100
Table 6: Plasticizers and amino alcohols and mixtures thereof. The
addition is reported in % by weight based on the total weight of the
plasticizer/amino alcohol mixture.
Item C1 C2 C3 C4 Ref I
Addition in % by weight based on 0.5 0.56 0.53 0.52 0.48
cement
Slump [cm] after 10 min 62 56 57 59 59
Slump [cm] after 30 min 43 39 41 36 41
Slump [cm] after 45 min 35 33 34 33 34
Compressive strength [N/mm ] 39 32 34 39 38

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after 16 h
Compressive strength [N/mm ] 49 43 46 50 41
after 24 h
Air pore content [%] 2.4 2.6 1.8 2 1.5
Table 7: Comparison of the processability or consistency of concrete
mixtures containing various plasticizer/amino alcohol mixtures.
The results in table 7 show that the processability and consistency of
concrete mixtures containing plasticizer and amino alcohol remains as good as
that of a concrete mixture containing only plasticizer.
Of course, the invention is not restricted to the examples shown and
described. It goes without saying that the abovementioned features of the
invention can be used not only in the combination indicated in each case but
also in other modifications, combinations and alterations or alone without
going
outside the scope of the invention.