Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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LUBRICANT COMPOSITIONS WITH LOW HTHS FOR A GIVEN SAE
VISCOSITY GRADE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to lubricant compositions which exhibit certain
performance characteristics; particularly a low High-Temperature, High-Sheer
viscosity measurement.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Lubricant compositions are well known in the art. Lubricant compositions are
typically made up of base oil and various additives. Lubricant compositions
must
meet specific performance characteristics such as, but not limited to,
kinematic
viscosity and High-Temperature, High-Shear viscosity measurement (HTHS),
depending on their end use.
It is known in the art that fuel economy of vehicles and the HTHS values of
the lubricant composition used in the vehicle are related. Vehicles using
lubricant
compositions having lower HTHS values exhibit improved fuel economy. For every
SAE Viscosity Grade, a minimum HTHS of the lubricant composition is specified
in
the SAE J300 Engine Oil Viscosity Classification. Therefore, a lubricant
composition
that has an HTHS that is at or near the minimum required for the SAE Viscosity
Grade is expected to provide the best fuel economy.
The present invention provides a lubricant composition comprising base oil
having a viscosity index equal to or greater than 120 that exhibits an HTHS at
or near
the minimum for its SAE Viscosity Grade. The present invention is a lubricant
composition comprising base oil having a viscosity index equal to or greater
than 120
and a first polymer having a kinematic viscosity ratio less than or equal to
0.25 and a
shear stability index (SSI) equal to or greater than 20 percent.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In a non-limiting embodiment, the present invention is a lubricant composition
comprising: a first polymer having a kinematic viscosity as defined later in
the
specification ratio less than or equal to 0.25 and a shear stability index
(SSI) equal to
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or greater than 20 percent; and a base oil having a viscosity index equal to
or greater
than 120.
In another non-limiting embodiment, the present invention is a lubricant
composition comprising: a polymer having a kinematic viscosity ratio less than
or
equal to 0.25 and a shear stability index (SSI) equal to or greater than 20
percent; and
a base oil having a viscosity index equal to or greater than 120, wherein the
concentration of phosphorus in the lubricant composition is less than 0.08
weight
percent and the concentration of sulfur is less than 0.5 weight percent.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients,
reaction conditions, dimensions, physical characteristics, processing
parameters, and
the like, used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being
modified in
all instances by the term "about". Accordingly, unless indicated to the
contrary, the
numerical values set forth in the following specification and claims may vary
depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present
invention.
At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the
doctrine of
equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical value should at least
be
construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by
applying
ordinary rounding techniques. Moreover, all ranges disclosed herein are to be
understood to encompass the beginning and ending range values and any and all
subranges subsumed therein. For example, a stated range of "1 to 10" should be
considered to include any and all subranges between (and inclusive of) the
minimum
value of 1 and the maximum value of 10; that is, all subranges beginning with
a
minimum value of 1 or more and ending with a maximum value of 10 or less,
e.g., 5.5
to 10. Any mentioning of a U.S. Patent or patent document or literature
reference in
the following description also incorporates by reference that document herein
and is
to be understood to be incorporated in its entirety.
The following terms used herein are defined below.
(A) base oil- mixtures of one or more basestocks.
(B) kinematic viscosity- temperature specific property measured according to
ASTM
D445.
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(C) kinematic viscosity ratio of a polymer- the kinematic viscosity of the
polymer in
solution at 150 C (kvl50) divided by the kinematic viscosity of the polymer in
solution at 100 C (kvlOO). The polymer in solution is prepared by diluting the
viscosity modifier concentrate in an API Group I solvent neutral 100 base
stock
between 60 C and 70 C for 45 minutes. The kv100 and kv150 are measured
according to ASTM D445.
Table I below shows the composition of three different polymer concentrates
in solution as used herein as well as the kv 100, kv 150 and the kinematic
viscosity
ratios of the polymer solutions. The three polyrner concentrates are
commercially
available. Polymer Concentrate 1 is commercially available from Infineum USA
as
SV145; Polymer Concentrate 2 is commercially available from Infineum USA as
SV265; and Polymer Concentrate 3 is commercially available from Chevron
Corporation as Paratone 8451.
Table 1
Component Polymer Polymer Polymer
Concentrate Concentrate Concentrate
in Solution 1 in Solution 2 in Solution 3
Polymer Concentrate 1 24.4
Polymer Concentrate 2 23.0
Polymer Concentrate 3 27.0
API Group 1 75.6 77.0 73.0
solvent neutral 100 basestock
Performance
kv100 [cSt] 30.48 30.50 29.96
kv150 [cSt] 4.65 12.44 11.65
kv150lkv100 0.15 0.41 0.39
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(D) CCS at -30 C [cp]- measured according to ASTM D5293.
(E) HTHS at 150 C [cp]- measured according to ASTM D4741.
(F) Shear Stability Index- determined according to ASTM D6278.
TE = 1 ln(2) In ~ po(ymer+ai!
(G) thickening efficiency- c 2 k' i!
where c is wt% polymer, kv(polymer + oil) is kv100 of the polymer solution,
and kv(oil) is kv100 of the oil. kv is measured according ASTM D445.
Various groups of base oils and basestocks are discussed herein. Definitions
for the basestocks are the same as those found in the American Petroleum
Institute
(API) publication "Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System", Industry
Services
Department, Fourteenth Edition, December 1996, Addendum 1, December 1998.
The present invention is a lubricant composition comprising base oil having a
viscosity index ranging of equal to or greater than 120 and a first polymer
having a
kinematic viscosity ratio less than or equal to 0.25 and a shear stability
index (SSI)
equal to or greater than 20 percent.
In a non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the base oil comprises a Group
III basestock. Group III basestocks contain greater than or equal to 90
percent
saturates and less than or equal to 0.03 percent sulfur and have a viscosity
index
greater than or equal to 120. In another non-limiting embodiment of the
invention,
the base oil comprises a Group IV basestock. In yet another non-limiting
embodiment
of the invention, the base oil comprises a Group III basestock and a Group IV
basestock. In another non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the base oil
comprises Group IV and Group V basestocks. In yet another non-limiting
embodiment of the invention, the base oil comprises Group II, Group IV and
Group V
basestocks.
In a non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the basestock is made using
gas-to-liquids ("GTL") process. GTL is a refinery process used to convert
natural gas
or other gaseous hydrocarbons into longer-chain hydrocarbons. For example, GTL
can be used to convert methane-rich gases into liquid fuels either via direct
conversion or via syngas as an intermediate using the Fischer Tropsch process.
As is
well known in the art, isomerization catalyst can be used with GTL to make
Group III
basestock.
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According to the present invention, the lubricant composition comprises at
least one polymer (a "first polymer") having a kinematic viscosity ratio less
than or
equal to 0.25 and a shear stability index (SSI) equal to or greater than 20
percent, for
example, equal to or greater than 35 percent or equal to or greater than 45
percent.
In a non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the first polymer comprises a
minimum of 5 weight percent styrene.
In yet another non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the first polymer has
a thickening efficiency (TE) equal to or greater than 2.0, for example, equal
to or
greater than 2.4 or equal to or greater than 2.8.
In a non-limiting embodiment of the invention, suitable first polymers
comprise a normal block copolymer (i.e., true block copolymer) or a random
block
copolymer. The normal block copolymer can be made from (1) conjugated dienes
having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, for example, from 4 to 6 carbon atoms or (2)
from
vinyl substituted aromatics having from 8 to 12 carbon atoms, for example, 8
or 9
carbon atoms.
In a non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the block copolymer is made
from conjugated dienes. Suitable conjugated dienes include piperylene, 2,3-
dimethyl-
1,3-butadiene, chloroprene, isoprene and 1,3-butadiene, with isoprene and 1,3-
butadiene being particularly preferred. Mixtures of such conjugated dienes are
useful.
In another non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the block copolymer is
made from vinyl substituted aromatics. Suitable vinyl substituted aromatics
include
styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, ortho-methylstyrene, meta-methylstyrene, para-
methylstyrene, para-tertiary-butylstyrene.
In a non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the normal block copolymers
has a total of from 2 to 5, for example, from 2 or 3, polymer blocks of the
vinyl
substituted aromatic and the conjugated diene with at least one polymer block
of said
vinyl substituted aromatic and at least one polymer block of said conjugated
diene
being present. The conjugated diene block is hydrogenated as more fully set
forth
hereinbelow. The normal block copolymers can be linear block copolymers
wherein a
substantially long sequence of one monomeric unit (Block I) is linked with
another
substantially long sequence of a second (Block II), third (Block III), fourth
(Block IV),
or fifth (Block V) monomeric unit.
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The following references disclose suitable copolymers and are hereby
incorporated by reference: US 5,429,758; US 5,429,758.
In this embodiment, the vinyl substituted aromatic content of these
copolymers (i.e., the total amount of vinyl substituted aromatic blocks in the
normal
block copolymer) is in the range of from 20 percent to 70 percent by weight,
for
example, from 40 percent to 60 percent by weight. Thus, the aliphatic
conjugated
diene content (i.e., the total diene block content) of these copolymers is in
the range of
from 30 percent to 80 percent by weight, for example, from 40 percent to 60
percent
by weight.
The described nonnal block copolymers can be prepared by conventional
methods which are well known in the art. In a non-limiting embodiment of the
invention, the copolymers are prepared by anionic polymerization using, for
example,
an alkali metal hydrocarbon (e.g., sec-butyllithium) as a polymerization
catalyst.
A commercial example of a normal block copolymer as described above is
Infineum SV 140 which is a hydrogenated styrene-isoprene block available from
Infineum U.S.A (Linden, NJ).
Typically, the polymers of the invention will be introduced into lubricant
compositions in the form of a concentrate as is well known in the art.
Concentrates
comprise one or more components in oil. Typical concentrates contain from 3 to
25
weight percent of the polymer.
In a non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises
more than one polymer. In this embodiment, the composition comprises a first
polymer as described above and a "second polymer". Suitable examples of the
second polymer include, but are not limited to, olefin polymers such as
polybutene;
hydrogenated polymers and copolymers and terpolymers of styrene with isoprene
and/or butadiene; polymers of alkyl acrylates or alkyl methacrylates;
copolymers of
alkyl methacrylates with N-vinyl pyrrolidone or dimethylaminoalkyl
methacrylate;
post-grafted polymers of ethylenepropylene with an active monomer such as
maleic
anhydride; styrene-maleic anhydride polymers post-reacted with alcohols and
amines.
These can be used to provide the desired viscosity in the lubrication
composition.
According to the present invention, lubricant compositions for specific SAE
Viscosity Grades exhibit lower HTHS values closer to the minimum HTHS than
conventional lubricant compositions for that Grade. For example, the minimum
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HTHS for a 5W30 lubricant composition is 2.9. See Table 2 below for the SAE
Engine Oil Viscosity Requirements Classifications which include minimum HTHS
requirements.
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Table 2. SAE J300 Engine Oil Viscosity Requirements
SAE Viscosity Grades For Engine Oils(1)t2i
SAE Low Low Low-Shear- Low-Shear- High-Shear-
Viscosity Temperature Temperature Rate Rate Rate
Grade ( C) ( C) Kinematic Kinematic Viscositys)
Cranking Pumping Viscosity'Si(cSt) Viscosityifl(cSt) (cP)
Viscosity('), Viscosity('), at 100 C at 100 C at 150 C
cP cP Min Max Min
Max Max with
No Yield
Stress("
OW 6200 at -35 60000 at -40 3.8 - -
5W 6600 at -30 60000 at -35 3.8 - -
10W 7000 at -25 60000 at -30 4.1 - -
15W 7000 at -20 60000 at -25 5.6 - -
20W 9500 at -15 60000 at -20 5.6 - -
25W 13000 at -10 60000 at -15 9.3 - -
20 - - 5.6 < 9.3 2.6
30 - - 9.3 < 12.5 2.9
40 - - 12.5 < 16.3 2.9 (OW-40,
5W-40, 10W-
40 grades)
40 - - 12.5 < 16.3 3.7 (15W-40,
20W-40, 25W-
40, 40 grades)
50 - - 16.3 < 21.9 3.7
60 - - 21.9 < 26.1 3.7
(1) Notes-1cP =1mPa s; I cSt =1mm2IS
(2) All values are critical specifications as defined by ASTM D3244 (see text,
Section 3).
(3) ASTM D5293
(4) ASTM D4684: Note that the presence of any yield stress detectable by this
method constitutes a failure
regardless of viscosity.
(51 ASTM D445
(e) ASTM D4683, CEC L-36-A-90 (ASTM D4741) or D5481
" Reprinted with permission form SAE J300 1999 Society of Automotive
Engineers, Inc."
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The lubricant composition of the present invention encompasses different SAE
J300 viscosity grades. In various non-limiting embodiments, the lubricant
composition of the present invention satisfies the requirements for SAE J300
viscosity
grade OWx or 5Wx where x is 10, 20, 30 or 40.
In a non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the lubricant composition
comprises a detergent inhibitor package. The detergent inhibitor package
comprises
one or more of the following: metal or ash-containing detergents,
antioxidants, anti-
wear agents, rust inhibitors, anti-foaming agents, demulsifiers, pour point
depressants,
etc.
Metal-containing or ash-forming detergents function both as detergents to
reduce or remove deposits and as acid neutralizers or rust inhibitors, thereby
reducing
wear and corrosion and extending engine life. Detergents generally comprise a
polar
head with a long hydrophobic tail, with the polar head comprising a metal salt
of an
acidic organic compound. The salts may contain a substantially stoichiometric
amount of the metal in which case they are usually described as normal or
neutral
salts, and would typically have a total base number or TBN (as may be measured
by
ASTM D2896) of from 0 to 80. It is possible to include large amounts of a
metal base
by reacting an excess of a metal compound such as an oxide or hydroxide with
an
acidic gas such as carbon dioxide. The resulting overbased detergent comprises
neutralised detergent as the outer layer of a metal base (e.g. carbonate)
micelle. Such
overbased detergents may have a TBN of 150 or greater, and typically of from
250 to
450 or more.
Detergents that can be used include oil-soluble neutral and overbased
sulfonates, phenates, sulfurized phenates, thiophosphonates, salicylates, and
naphthenates and other oil-soluble carboxylates of a metal, particularly the
alkali or
alkaline earth metals, e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, and
magnesium
(With the constraints noted herein). The most commonly used metals are calcium
and
magnesium, which may both be present in detergents used in a lubricant, and
mixtures
of calcium and/or magnesium with sodium. Common metal detergents include
overbased calcium sulfonates having a TBN greater than or equal to 250, for
example,
a TBN from 250 to 450; neutral and overbased calcium phenates having a TBN
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greater than or equal to 50; and sulfurized phenates having a TBN greater than
or
equal to 50.
Sulfonates can be prepared from sulfonic acids which are typically obtained
by the sulfonation of alkyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons such as those
obtained
from the fractionation of petroleum or by the alkylation of aromatic
hydrocarbons.
Examples include those obtained by alkylating benzene, toluene, xylene,
naphthalene,
diphenyl or their halogen derivatives such as chlorobenzene, chlorotoluene and
chloronaphthalene. The alkylation can be carried out in the presence of a
catalyst with
alkylating agents having from 3 to more than 70 carbon atoms. The alkaryl
sulfonates
usually contain from 9 to 80 or more carbon atoms per alkyl substituted
aromatic
moiety.
The oil soluble sulfonates or alkyl aryl sulfonic acids can be neutralized
with
oxides, hydroxides, alkoxides, carbonates, carboxylate, sulfides,
hydrosulfides,
nitrates, borates and ethers of the metal. The amount of metal compound is
chosen
having regard to the desired TBN of the final product but typically ranges
from 100 to
220 wt. percent of the stoichiometrically required.
Dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salts are frequently used as anti-wear
and antioxidant agents. The metal can be an alkali or alkaline earth metal, or
aluminum, lead, tin, molybdenum, manganese, nickel or copper. The zinc salts
are
typically used in lubricating oil in amounts of 0.1 to 10 wt. percent, for
example, from
0.2 to 2 wt. percent, based upon the total weight of the lubricating oil
composition.
They can be prepared in accordance with known techniques by first forming a
dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acid (DDPA), usually by reaction of one or more
alcohol or a phenol with P2S5 and then neutralizing the formed DDPA with a
zinc
compound. For example, a dithiophosphoric acid can be made by reacting
mixtures
of primary and secondary alcohols. Alternatively, multiple dithiophosphoric
acids
can be prepared where the hydrocarbyl groups on one are entirely secondary in
character and the hydrocarbyl groups on the others are entirely primary in
character.
To make the zinc salt any basic or neutral zinc compound could be used but the
oxides, hydroxides and carbonates are most generally employed. Commercial
additives frequently contain an excess of zinc due to use of an excess of the
basic zinc
compound in the neutralization reaction.
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Zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates are oil soluble salts of dihydrocarbyl
dithiophosphoric acids and may be represented by the following formula:
S
RO\ II
p--S Zn
R'O 2
wherein R and R' may be the same or different hydrocarbyl radicals containing
from
1 to 18, for example, from 2 to 12, carbon atoms and including radicals such
as alkyl,
alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkaryl and cycloaliphatic radicals. In a non-
limiting
embodiment, R and R' groups are alkyl groups of 2 to 8 carbon atoms. Thus, the
radicals can, for example, be ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-
butyl,
amyl, n-hexyl, i-hexyl, n-octyl, decyl, dodecyl, octadecyl, 2-ethylhexyl,
phenyl,
butylphenyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclopentyl, propenyl, butenyl. In order to
obtain oil
solubility, the total number of carbon atoms (i.e. R and R') in the
dithiophosphoric
acid will generally be 5 or greater. The zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate
can
therefore comprise zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates. Conveniently at least 50
(mole)
percent of the alcohols used to introduce hydrocarbyl groups into the
dithiophosphoric
acids are secondary alcohols.
Greater percentages of secondary alcohols can be used. In some instances,
high nitrogen systems may be required. Thus, the alcohols used to introduce
the
hydrocarbyl groups can be more than 60 mole percent secondary or more than 90
mole percent secondary. Metal dithiophosphates that are secondary in character
give
better wear control in tests such as the Sequence VE (ASTM D5302) and the GM
6.2L tests. The high levels of nitrogenous TBN required by the present
invention to
control soot related viscosity may increase wear and corrosion performance.
Oxidation inhibitors or antioxidants reduce the tendency of mineral oils to
deteriorate in service which deterioration can be evidence by the products of
oxidation
such as sludge and varnish-like deposits on the metal surfaces and by
viscosity growth.
Such oxidation inhibitors include hindered phenols, oil soluble phenates and
sulfurized phenates, phosphosulfurized or sulfurized hydrocarbons, phosphorous
esters, metal thiocarbamates, oil soluble copper compounds as described in
U.S. Pat.
No. 4,867,890, and molybdenum containing compounds. Such compounds are
utilized within the constraints noted herein.
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In one aspect of the invention the lubricant includes at least 0.0008 mole
percent hindered phenol antioxidant. Generally, hindered phenols are oil
soluble
phenols substituted at one or both ortho positions. Suitable compounds include
monohydric and mononuclear phenols such as 2,6-di-tertiary alkylphenols (e.g.
2,6 di-
t-butylphenol, 2,4,6 tri-t-butyl phenol, 2-t-butyl phenol, 4-alkyl, 2,6, t-
butyl phenol,
2,6 di-isopropylphenol, and 2,6 dimethyl, 4 t-butyl phenol). Other suitable
hindered
phenols include polyhydric and polynuclear phenols such as alkylene bridged
hindered phenols (4,4 methylenebis(6 tert butyl-o-cresol), 4,4'-methylenebis(2-
tert-
amyl-o-cresol), and 2,2'-methylenebis (2,6-di-t-butylphenol). The hindered
phenol
can be borated or sulfurized.
Rust inhibitors selected from the group consisting of nonionic
polyoxyalkylene polyols and esters thereof, polyoxyalkylene phenols, and
anionic
alkyl sulfonic acids can be used.
Copper and lead bearing corrosion inhibitors can be used. Typically such
compounds are thiadiazole polysulfides containing from 5 to 50 carbon atoms,
their
derivatives and polymers thereof. Derivatives of 1, 3, 4 thiadiazoles such as
those
described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,719,125; 2,719,126; and 3,087,932; are typical.
Other
similar materials are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,821,236; 3,904,537;
4,097,387;
4,107,059; 4,136,043; 4,188,299; and 4,193,882. Other additives are the thio
and
polythio sulfenamides of thiadiazoles such as those described in UK. Patent
Specification No. 1,560,830. Benzotriazoles derivatives also fall within this
class of
additives. When these compounds are included in the lubricating composition,
they
are typically present in an amount not exceeding 0.2 wt. percent active
ingredient.
A small amount of a demulsifying component can be used. A suitable
demulsifying component is described in EP 330,522. It is obtained by reacting
an
alkylene oxide with an adduct obtained by reacting a bis-epoxide with a
polyhydric
alcohol. A treat rate of 0.001 to 0.05 mass percent active ingredient is
typical.
Pour point depressants, otherwise known as lube oil flow improvers, lower the
minimum temperature at which the fluid will flow or can be poured. Such
additives
are well known. Typical of those additives which improve the low temperature
fluidity of the fluid are C8 to C18 dialkyl fumarate/vinyl acetate copolymers
and
polyalkylmethacrylates. Likewise, dialkyl fumarate and vinyl acetate can be
used as
compatibilizing agents.
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Incompatibility can occur when certain types of polymers for use in the
manufacture of motor oil viscosity modifiers are dissolved in basestock. An
uneven
molecular dispersion of polymer which gives the mixture either a tendency to
separate
or a grainy appearance ensues. The problem is solved by using a compatibility
agent
having a hydrocarbon group attached to a functional group that serves to break
up or
prevent packing.
Foam control can be provided by many compounds including an antifoamant
of the polysiloxane type, for example, silicone oil or polydimethyl siloxane.
Some of the above-mentioned additives can provide a multiplicity of effects;
thus for example, a single additive can act as a dispersant-oxidation
inhibitor. This
approach is well known and does not require further elaboration. It is
important to
note that addition of the other components noted above must comply with the
limitations set forth herein.
In a non-limiting embodiment, the invention comprises one or more ashless
dispersants. The ashless dispersants can include the polyalkenyl or borated
polyalkenyl succinimide where the alkenyl group is derived from a C3 -C4
olefin,
especially polyisobutenyl having a number average molecular weight of about
700 to
5,000. Other well known dispersants include the oil soluble polyol esters of
hydrocarbon substituted succinic anhydride, e.g. polyisobutenyl succinic
anhydride,
and the oil soluble oxazoline and lactone oxazoline dispersants derived from
hydrocarbon substituted succinic anhydride and di-substituted amino alcohols.
In a non-limiting embodiment, lubricant composition contains 0.5 to 5 wt.
percent of ashless dispersant.
In a non-limiting embodiment, the present invention comprises ashless
detergent. These ashless detergents and dispersants are so called despite the
fact that,
depending on their constitution, they may upon combustion yield a non-volatile
material such as boric oxide or phosphorus pentoxide; however, they do not
ordinarily
contain metal and therefore do not yield a metal-containing ash on combustion.
Many
types are known in the art, and are suitable for use in lubricating
compositions. These
include the following:
(1) Reaction products of carboxylic acids (or derivatives thereof) containing
at
least 34 with nitrogen containing compounds such as amines, organic hydroxy
compounds such as phenols and alcohols, and/or basic inorganic materials.
Examples
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of these are described in the following patents: U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,219,666;
4,234,435;
4,904,401; and 6,165,235 which are hereby incorporated by reference.
(2) Reaction products of relatively high molecular weight aliphatic or
alicyclic
halides with amines such as oxyalkylene polyamines. Examples of these are
described for in the following patents which are hereby incorporated by
reference:
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,275,554; 3,438,757; 3,454,555; and 3,565,804.
(3) Reaction products of alkyl phenols in which the alkyl group contains at
least 30 carbon atoms with aldehydes and amines which may be characterized as
"Mannich dispersants." Examples of these are described in the following
patents
which are hereby incorporated by reference: U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,649,229;
3,697,574;
3,725,277; 3,725,480; 3,726,882; and 3,980,569.
(4) Products obtained by post-treating the amine or Mannich dispersants with
such reagents as urea, thiourea, carbon disulfide, aldehydes, ketones,
carboxylic acids,
hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydrides, nitriles, epoxides, boron
compounds,
phosphorus compounds or the like. Examples of these are described in the
following
patents which are hereby incorporated by reference: U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,639,242;
3,649,229; 3,649,659; 3,658,836; 3,697,574; 3,702,757; 3,703,536; 3,704,308;
and
3,708,422.
(5) Interpolymers of oil-solubilizing monomers such as decyl methacrylate,
vinyl decyl ether and high molecular weight olefins with monomers containing
polar
substituents, e.g., aminoalkyl acrylates or acrylamides and poly-(oxyethylene)-
substituted acrylates. Examples of these are described in the following
patents which
are hereby incorporated by reference: U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,329,658; 3,449,250;
3,519,565;
3,666,730; 3,687,849; and 3,702,300.
The detergent inhibitor package of the present invention can contain
phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, ash, etc. In a non-limiting embodiment of the
invention,
the lubricant composition comprises less than 0.08 weight percent of
phosphorus. In
another non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the lubricant composition
comprises less than 0.5 weight percent of sulfur. In yet another non-limiting
embodiment of the invention, the lubricant composition comprises less than 150
PPM,
for example, less than 50 PPM of chlorine. And, in another non-limiting
embodiment
of the invention, the lubricant composition comprises 0.35 to 2 mass percent
of ash.
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Examales
The following non-limiting examples, Examples 1-12, illustrate the present
invention. Various concentrates made by blending a first polymer concentrate
and a
commercially available SN 100 Group I base stock at a temperature between 60 C
and 70 C for 45 minutes were used to formulate the different examples.
Different
first polymer concentrates, Polymer Concentrates 1-3, were used to formulate
the
different examples. Polymer Concentrate 1 is commercially available from
Infineum
USA as SV145; Polymer Concentrate 2 is commercially available from Infineum
USA as SV265; and Polymer Concentrate 3 is commercially available from Chevron
Corporation as Paratone 8451. The kinematic viscosity ratios and the shear
stability
indices (SSI) of the first polymer concentrates used in the examples are shown
in
Table 12.
Several different grades of lubricant compositions were prepared by blending
various base stocks with the concentrates described above according to well
known
methods and techniques. The viscometric properties of the different
basestocks,
Basestock 1-7, used to make the examples are described in Table 11.
In the various examples, Component I is a detergent inhibitor package
commercially available from Infineum USA as P5224; Component 2 is a pour point
depressant commercially available from Infineum USA as V385; and Component 3
is
a detergent inhibitor package commercially available from Infineum USA as
P6000.
Examples 1-3 are representative of 5W201ubricant compositions.
Compositional information for Examples 1-3 is shown in Table 3. Examples 4-6
are
representative of 5W30 lubricant compositions. Compositional information for
Examples 1-3 is shown in Table 5. Examples 7-9 are representative of 0W30 PAO
lubricant compositions. Compositional information for Examples 7-9 is shown in
Table 7. Examples 10-12 are representative of 0W20 PAO lubricant compositions.
Compositional information for Examples 10-19 is shown in Table 9.
The kinematic viscosity of the exemplary compositions was measured at
100 C and 150 C was measured according to ASTM D445. The HTHS of the
lubricant compositions were made according to ASTM D4741. Results for the
various examples are shown in Tables 4, 6, 8 and 10.
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Table 3. Compositional Information for Exemplary 5W20 Lubricants
Component Ex. 1[wt%] Ex. 2[wt%] Ex. 3[wt%]
Component 1 9.60 9.60 9.60
Basestock 1 38.36 39.31 39.95
Basestock 2 46.90 47.90 46.63
Polymer Concentrate 1 4.93 0.00 0.00
Polymer Concentrate 2 0.00 2.99 0.00
Polymer Concentrate 3 0.00 0.00 3.61
Component 2 0.20 0.20 0.20
Table 4. Performance Information for Exemplary 5W20 Lubricants
Ex.1 Ex.2 Ex.3
Kv100 [cSt] 8.56 8.66 8.73
CCS at -30 C [cp] 5570 5620 5440
HTHS at 150 C [cp] 2.61 2.71 2.77
Conclusion
Examples 1-3 are illustrative of 5W201ubricant compositions with Example 1
being illustrative of the present invention. As expected, Example I has the
lowest
HTHS of the exemplary 5W201ubricant compositions.
Table 5. Compositional Information for Exemplary 5W30 Ultra
Lubricants
Component Ex. 4[wt%] Ex. 5[wt%] Ex. 6[wt%]
Component 1 9.60 9.60 9.60
Basestock 1 30.85 32.68 32.12
Basestock 2 50.35 52.00 51.64
Polymer Concentrate 1 9.00 0.00 0.00
Polymer Concentrate 2 0.00 5.52 0.00
Polymer Concentrate 3 0.00 0.00 6.44
Component 2 0.20 0.20 0.20
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Table 6. Performance Information for Exemplary 5W30 Ultra
Lubricants
Ex.4 Ex.5 Ex.6
kv100 [cSt] 10.82 10.81 10.86
CCS at -30 C [cp] 6250 6510 6470
HTHS at 150 C [cp] 2.93 3.12 3.22
Conclusion
Examples 4-6 are illustrative of 5W301ubricant compositions with Example 4
being illustrative of the present invention. As expected, Example 4 has the
lowest
HTHS of the exemplary 5W301ubricant compositions.
Table 7. Compositional Information for Exemplary 0W30 PAO
Lubricants
Component Ex. 7[wt%] Ex. 8[wt%] Ex. 9[wt%]
Component 3 12.00 12.00 12.00
Polymer Concentrate 1 9.71 0.00 0.00
Polymer Concentrate 2 0.00 6.09 0.00
Polymer Concentrate 3 0.00 0.00 6.91
Basestock 7 2.00 2.00 2.00
Basestock 5 45.05 48.26 47.55
Basestock 6 31.04 31.45 31.34
Component 2 0.20 0.20 0.20
Table 8. Performance Information for Exemplary 0W30 PAO Lubricants
Ex.7 Ex.8 Ex.9
kv100 [cSt] 10.69 10.82 10.82
CCS at -35 C [cp] 5930 5870 5670
HTHS at 150 C [cp] 2.93 3.14 3.28
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Conclusion
Examples 7-9 are illustrative of 0W30 PAO lubricant compositions with
Example 7 being illustrative of the present invention. As expected, Example 7
has the
lowest HTHS of the exemplary 5W30 PAO lubricant compositions.
Table 9. Compositional Information for Exemplary 0W20 PAO
Lubricants
Component Ex. 10 [wt%] Ex. 11 [wt%] Ex. 12 [wt%1
Component 3 12.00 12.00 12.00
Polymer Concentrate 1 5.30 0.00 0.00
Polymer Concentrate 2 0.00 3.23 0.00
Polymer Concentrate 3 0.00 0.00 3.68
Basestock 7 2.00 2.00 2.00
Basestock 4 46.85 48.92 48.47
Basestock 5 33.65 33.65 33.65
Component 2 0.20 0.20 0.20
Table 10. Performance Information for Exemplary 0W20 PAO
Lubricants
Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12
kv100 [cSt] 8.83 8.91 8.93
CCS at -35 C [cp] 5720 5620 5540
HTHS at 150 C [cp] 2.70 2.80 2.87
Conclusion
Examples 10-12 are illustrative of 0W20 PAO lubricant compositions with
Example 10 being illustrative of the present invention. As expected, Example
10 has
the lowest HTHS of the exemplary 5W20 PAO lubricant compositions.
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Table 11. Viscosities of the Basestocks
Basestock kv at 40 C kv at 100 C VI
Basestock 1 19.70 4.26 125
Basestock 2 44.49 7.36 130
Basestock 3 19.64 4.03 103
Basestock 4 54.95 7.69 104
Basestock 5 17.61 3.98 126
Basestock 6 47.44 7.95 139
Basestock 7 18.79 4.26 138
Table 12. Description of Polymer Concentrates 1-3
Kinematic Viscosity Ratio Shear Stability Index [%]
Polyrner Concentrate 1 0.15 52.8
Polymer Concentrate 2 0.41 7.0
Polymer Concentrate 3 0.39 49.7
The shear stability indices of the Polymer Concentrates in Table 12 were
determined according to ASTM D6278 using polymer solutions prepared by
blending
Polymer Concentrates 1, 2 and 3, respectively, and a Group I basestock having
a
kv100 of 4.70 cSt. The kv100 of the solution was 15.0 0.2 cSt.
