Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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ALKALINE FLOOR CLEANING COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF
CLEANING A FLOOR
Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an alkaline floor cleaning composition and to a
method of cleaning a floor using an alkaline floor cleaning composition. The
alkaline
floor cleaning composition is available for the removal of fresh, greasy soils
and
polymerized soils commonly encountered in the food service industry.
Background of the Invention
Two types of greasy soils are often encountered on floors in the food
service industry. One type of soil can be referred to as fresh, greasy soil,
and the other
type of soil can be referred to as polymerized soil. Fresh, greasy soils can
result from
the presence of fatty soil, which can comprise, for example, a neutral fatty
acid
triglyceride ester and similar neutral fats, and free fatty acids or salts
thereof. The fatty
acid salts can be formed from a cation such as sodium, calcium, magnesium,
ferric,
ferrous, etc. Polymerized soil refers to fats and fatty derivatives that have
likely been
polymerized through cross-linking in a manner similar to that of drying oils
such as
linseed oil. Polymerized soils present a different challenge compared to
fresh, greasy
soils.
Fresh, greasy soils can deposit on the floor and these greasy soil deposits
can polymerize and adhere to the floor surface through cross linking. A type
of floor
surface often encountered in the food service industry can be referred to as
quarry tile.
In general, quarry tile is often arranged in a grid-like pattern to form a
flooring surface
and contains a cement-like material called grout provided in the joints
between the
quarry tile.
Traditionally, an alkaline or neutral cleaner is used for removing fresh,
greasy soil from the floor and an acidic cleaner is used for removing
polymerized soil
from the floor surface. A product to clean fresh, greasy soils is available
under the
name KADET -AF All Surface Floor Cleaner from Kay Chemical Company. A
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product available to clean fresh greasy soil and polymerized soils is
available under the
name KADET Quarry Tile Floor Cleaner from Kay Chemical Company.
Summary of the Invention
An alkaline cleaning composition concentrate in the form of a liquid is
provided according to the present invention. The alkaline cleaning composition
concentrate comprises about 15 wt.% to about 65 wt.% water, about 5 wt.% to
about 25
wt.% surfactant, about 4 wt.% to about 20 wt.% chelant, about 2 wt.% to about
10 wt.%
buffer, and an alkalinity source sufficient to provide a free alkalinity
(expressed as
Na20) of about 1.5% to about 3.5% and a total alkalinity (expressed as Na20)
of about
2.0% to about 6.0%. The composition exhibits an aluminum corrosion rate of
less than
250 mils/year according to a modified version of ASTM G31-72, and is
considered
non-corrosive according to OSHA Hazard Communication Standard Rule (29 C.F.R.
1910.1200 App. A and B).
An alkaline cleaning composition concentrate in the form of a solid is
provided according to the present invention. The alkaline cleaning composition
concentrate comprises about 20 wt.% to about 65 wt.% surfactant, about 10 wt.%
to
about 30 wt.% chelant, 8 wt.% to about 20 wt.% hardening agent, and an
alkalinity
source sufficient to provide a free alkalinity (expressed as NaaO) of about
1.5% to
about 5.0% and a total alkalinity (expressed as Na20) of about 2.0% to about
10.0%.
The composition can be provided so that it is considered non-corrosive
according to
OSHA Hazard Communication Standard Rule (29 C.F.R. 1910.1200 App. A and B).
A method of cleaning a floor is provided according to the present
invention. The method can be practiced using the alkaline floor cleaning
composition
concentrate in the form of a liquid or the alkaline cleaning composition
concentrate in
the form of a solid. In general, the liquid concentrate or the solid
concentrate is diluted
with water of dilution to provide a use composition having a chelant level of
at least
about 100 ppm. The use composition can then be applied to a floor surface to
provide
cleaning of fresh, greasy soil and polymerized soil from the floor surface.
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Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
The present invention is directed to an alkaline floor cleaning
composition that can be used to remove fresh, greasy soil and polymerized soil
from a
floor surface. The alkaline floor cleaning composition can be referred to more
simply
as the cleaning composition. The alkaline floor cleaning composition can be
provided
as a concentrate or as a use composition. A use composition refers to a
composition
that is intended to be applied to a floor surface to provide cleaning
properties. A use
composition can be prepared as a result of diluting a concentrate with water
of dilution.
The alkaline floor cleaning composition refers to a use composition
having a pH of at least about 9.5, or to a concentrate that provides a use
composition
having a pH of at least about 9.5 when diluted with water of dilution.
Fresh, greasy soil refers to a type of soil deposit often found on the
floors in the food service industry. In general, fresh, greasy soils can
result from the
presence of fatty soil, which can comprise, for example, a fatty acid
triglyceride ester
and similar fats, and free fatty acids or salts thereof. The fatty acid salts
can be formed
from a cation, such as sodium, calcium, magnesium, ferric ferrous, etc.
Polymerized
soil refers to another type of soil often encountered on floors in the food
service
industry. Polymerized soils generally refer to fats and fatty derivatives that
have been
polymerized through cross-linking in a manner similar to that of drying oils
such as
linseed oil. The polymerized film adheres to negatively charged surfaces such
as
quarry tile through bonding with water hardness ions such as calcium and
magnesium
as taught by Cockrell, Jr. et al. in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,977,459 and 4,749,508.
The alkaline floor cleaning composition can be applied to various floor
surfaces including quarry tile, vinyl composition tile, concrete, poured
floors, etc. In
general, quarry tile refers to ceramic tile and natural stone. Quarry tile is
often found in
food preparation environments such as restaurant kitchens, hospitals, food
processing
establishments, food preparation establishments, slaughter houses, packing
plants,
shortening production plants, etc.
The alkaline floor cleaning composition concentrate can be provided as
a solid or as a liquid. When the concentrate is provided as a solid or as a
liquid, the
composition can be packaged and shipped without labeling the packaging as
corrosive.
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The liquid concentrate can be provided as non-corrosive to aluminum so that
the
concentrate can avoid being labeled as corrosive under United States
Department of
Transportation regulations. A liquid composition that can be considered
relatively non-
corrosive to aluminum exhibits an aluminum corrosion rate of less than about
250
mils/year according to a modified version of ASTM G31-72. Accordingly, the
liquid
concentrate can be provided so that it exhibits an aluminum corrosion rate of
less than
about 250 mils/years according to a modified version of ASTM G31-72. A
modified
version of ASTM G31-72 is explained in the examples section. Furthermore, the
composition can be considered non-corrosive when evaluated according to OSHA
Hazard Communication Standard Rule (29 CFR 1910.1200 App. A and B).
Furthermore, the cleaning composition, when provided as a liquid, can
be considered relatively stable and resistant to phase separation and
precipitation at
temperatures of 120 F and 40 F for at least 6 weeks.
Alkalinity Source
The cleaning composition can include an alkalinity source to enhance
detersive properties. In general, an alkalinity source refers to a component
that causes
the use composition to have a pH of at least about 9.5. In general, it is
desirable to
provide the use composition as a mildly alkaline cleaning composition because
it is
considered to be safer than use compositions based on caustic alkalis. A
mildly
alkaline cleaning composition refers to a composition having a pH below about
11.5.
The alkalinity source can be derived from an organic or inorganic alkali
such as an alkanolamine, alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal hydroxide,
phosphate,
borate, silicate, or a mixture thereof. Exemplary alkanolamines that can be
used
include, for example, 2-amino-2-methyl-propanol, monoethanolamine,
triethanolamine,
diisopropanolamine, or mixtures thereof. Exemplary metal carbonates that can
be used
include, for example, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium
bicarbonate,
potassium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, potassium sesquicarbonate, or
mixtures thereof. Exemplary alkali metal hydroxides that can be used include,
for
example, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. An alkali metal hydroxide
may be
added to the composition in the form of solid beads, dissolved in an aqueous
solution,
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or a combination thereof. Alkali metal hydroxides are commercially available
as a
solid in the form of prilled solids or beads, or as an aqueous solution, for
example, as a
50 wt.% and a 73 wt.% solution. Exemplary phosphates that can be used include,
for
example, sodium or potassium phosphates or polyphosphates.
Buffering Agent
The alkaline floor cleaning composition can include a buffering agent to
control the level of alkalinity. Basic buffering agents that can be used
include a base
and the alkali metal salt of a complementary acid. Exemplary bases include
sodium
bicarbonate, mixtures of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate, disodium
phosphate, monosodium phosphate, mixtures of disodium phosphate and trisodium
phosphate, borates such as sodium tetraborate and borax, and combinations of
carbonates and phosphates. Alkali metal or organic amine salts of organic
acids can
also be used. Examples include sodium, potassium or triethanolamine salts of
acetic,
citric, lactic or tartaric acids.
The alkaline floor cleaning composition can include a buffering agent in
an amount sufficient to control the level of alkalinity in the concentrate. In
general, the
alkaline floor cleaning composition concentrate can include about 0 to about
10 wt.%
buffer. The buffer can be considered an optional component and need not be
included
in the solid concentrate. When the solid concentrate includes a buffer, it can
be
included in an amount of at least about 0.1 wt.%. The solid concentrate can
include
about 0.1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% buffer, and can include about 4 wt.% to about
6 wt.%
buffer. The liquid concentrate can include about 2 wt.% to about 10 wt.%
buffer, and
can include about 3 wt.% to about 5 wt.% buffer.
The alkalinity source and the buffering agent can be controlled so that
the free alkalinity (expressed as Na20) is about 1.5 % to about 3.5 % or about
2.0% to
about 3.4%, and the total alkalinity (expressed as Na20) is about 2.0 to about
6.0% or
about 2.4% to about 4.0% when the alkaline cleaning composition concentrate is
provided as a liquid. When the alkaline cleaning composition concentrate is
provided
as a solid, the alkalinity source and the buffer are provided in amounts
sufficient so that
the free alkalinity (expressed as Na2O) is about 1.5% to about 5.0% or about
2.4% to
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about 4.0% and the total alkalinity (expressed as Na20) is about 2.0% to about
10.0%
or about 6.0% to about 10.0%. Furthermore, the alkaline cleaning composition
concentrate, whether a liquid or a solid, can be considered non-corrosive
according to
OSHA Hazard Communication Standard Rule (29 C.R.F. 1910.1200 App. A and B).
Surfactants
The cleaning composition can include a surfactant selected from an
anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant or a
combination thereof.
Exemplary surfactants that can be used are commercially available from a
number of
sources. For a discussion of surfactants, see Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of
Chemical
Technology, Third Edition, volume 8, pages 900-912.
Anionic surfactants useful in the cleaning composition includes, for
example, carboxylates such as alkylcarboxylates (carboxylic acid salts) and
polyalkoxycarboxylates, alcohol ethoxylate carboxylates, nonylphenol
ethoxylate
carboxylates, and the like; sulfonates such as alkylsulfonates,
alkylbenzenesulfonates,
alkylarylsulfonates, sulfonated fatty acid esters, and the like; sulfates such
as sulfated
alcohols, sulfated alcohol ethoxylates, sulfated alkylphenols, alkylsulfates,
sulfosuccinates, alkylether sulfates, and the like; and phosphate esters such
as
alkylphosphate esters, and the like. Exemplary anionic surfactants include
sodium
alkylarylsulfonate, alpha-olefinsulfonate, and fatty alcohol sulfates.
Nonionic surfactants useful in the cleaning composition include, for
example, those having a polyalkylene oxide polymer as a portion of the
surfactant
molecule. Such nonionic surfactants include, for example, benzyl-,
methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl- and other like alkyl-capped polyethylene
glycol ethers
of fatty alcohols; polyalkylene oxide free nonionics such as alkyl
polyglycosides;
sorbitan and sucrose esters and their ethoxylates; alkoxylated ethylene
diamine; alcohol
alkoxylates such as alcohol ethoxylates (Surfonic L12-6 commercially available
from
Huntsman), alcohol ethoxylate propoxylates, alcohol propoxylates, alcohol
propoxylate
ethoxylate propoxylates, alcohol ethoxylate butoxylates, and the like;
nonylphenol
ethoxylate, polyoxyethylene glycol ethers and the like; carboxylic acid esters
such as
glycerol esters, polyoxyethylene esters, ethoxylated and glycol esters of
fatty acids, and
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the like; carboxylic amides such as diethanolamine condensates,
monoalkanolamine
condensates, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amides, and the like; and polyalkylene
oxide
block copolymers including an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer
such
as those commercially available under the trademark PLURONIC (BASF), and the
like; and other like nonionic compounds. Silicone surfactants such as the ABIL
B8852 can also be used.
Amphoteric surfactants that can be used in the cleaning composition
include betaines, imidazolines, sultaines and propionates.
The cleaning composition, when provided as a concentrate, can include
the surfactant in an amount of about 5 wt.% to about 65 wt.%. When the
concentrate is
provided as a liquid concentrate, the concentrate can contain about 5 wt.% to
about 25
wt.% surfactant, and can include about 8 wt.% to about 15 wt.% surfactant.
When the
cleaning composition concentrate is provided as a solid concentrate, the
concentrate can
contain about 20 wt.% to about 65 wt.% surfactant, and can include about 40
wt.% to
about 60 wt.% surfactant.
Chelating Agent
The cleaning composition can include a chelating/sequestering agents or
builder. The cleaning composition can include chelating/sequestering agents
such as
aminocarboxylates. Exemplary aminocarboxylates include, for example, the
alkali
metal salts of methyl glycine diacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA),
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), N-hydroxyethyl-
ethylenediaminetriacetic acid
(HEDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and N-
hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid.
Other chelating agents that may find use in this invention include
condensed phosphates, phosphonates, polyacrylates, gluconates, citrates, and
the like.
In general, a chelating agent is a molecule capable of coordinating (i.e.,
binding) the
metal ions commonly found in natural water to prevent the metal ions from
interfering
with the action of the other detersive ingredients of a cleaning composition.
In general,
chelating/sequestering agents can generally be referred to as a type of
builder. The
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chelating/sequestering agent may also function as a threshold agent when
included in
an effective amount.
Examples of condensed phosphates include sodium and potassium
pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and the
like. A
condensed phosphate may also assist, to a limited extent, in solidification of
the
composition by fixing the free water present in the composition as water of
hydration.
The composition may include a phosphonate such as
1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid CH3C(OH)[PO(OH)2]2(HEDP);
amino tri(methylenephosphonic acid) N[CH2PO(OH)2]3;
aminotri(methylenephosphonate), sodium salt
ONa
(
POCHaN[CH2PO(ONa)2]2,
1
OH
2-hydroxyethyliminobis(methylenephosphonic acid) HOCH2CH2N[CH2PO(OH)2]2i
diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid)
(HO)2POCH2N[CH2CH2N[CH2PO(OH)2] 2]2;
diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonate), sodium salt C9H(28_X)N3NaxO15P5
(x=7); hexamethylenediamine(tetramethylenephosphonate), potassium salt
C10H(28_
X)N2KXO12P4 (x=6); bis(hexamethylene)triamine(pentamethylenephosphonic acid)
(H02)POCH2N[(CH2)6N[CH2PO(OH)2]2]2; and phosphorus acid H3P03. Exemplary
phosphonates are HEDP, ATMP and DTPMP. A neutralized or alkaline phosphonate,
or a combination of the phosphonate with an organic or inorganic alkali source
prior to
being added into the mixture such that there is little or no heat or gas
generated by a
neutralization reaction when the phosphonate is added is preferred when
solidification
of composition is desired. The phosphonate can comprise a potassium or sodium
salt
of an organo phosphonic acid (a potassium phosphonate). The potassium salt of
the
phosphonic acid material can be formed by neutralizing the phosphonic acid
with an
aqueous potassium hydroxide solution during the manufacture of the solid
detergent.
The phosphonic acid sequestering agent can be combined with a potassium
hydroxide
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solution at appropriate proportions to provide a stoichiometric amount of
potassium
hydroxide to neutralize the phosphonic acid. A potassium hydroxide having a
concentration of from about 1 to about 50 wt% can be used. The phosphonic acid
can
be dissolved or suspended in an aqueous medium and the potassium hydroxide can
then
be added to the phosphonic acid for neutralization purposes.
For a further discussion of chelating agents/sequestrants, see Kirk-
Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Third Edition, volume 5, pages
339-366 and volume 23, pages 319-320, the disclosure of which is incorporated
by
reference herein.
The cleaning composition concentrate can include the chelant in an
amount sufficient to provide desired chelating properties. The cleaning
composition
concentrate can include the chelant in an amount of about 4 wt.% to about 30
wt.%.
When the cleaning composition concentrate is provided as a liquid concentrate,
the
concentrate can contain about 4 wt.% to about 20 wt.% chelant, or about 6 wt.%
to
about 10 wt.% chelant. When the cleaning composition concentrate is provided
as a
solid concentrate, the concentrate can contain about 10 wt.% to about 30 wt.%
chelant
or about 15 wt.% to about 25 wt.% chelant.
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Processing Aid
The cleaning composition concentrate may further include one or more
optional processing aids. Such optional processing aids may provide one or
more
processing advantages during processing of the above-described solid cleaning
product
components and/or one or more desirable properties to the resulting solid
cleaning
product. Suitable processing aids for use in the present invention include
sodium
sulfate, sodium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, and urea. In
an
embodiment, the processing aid includes anhydrous sodium sulfate or urea.
A number of commercially available processing aids may be used in the
present invention. Suitable commercially available process aids include, but
are not
limited to, sodium sulfate available from Haarmann & Reimer Corporation
(Elkhart,
IN), and urea available from Mallinckrodt Baker, Inc. (Phillipsburg, NJ).
The cleaning composition concentrate can include up to about 15
percent by weight (wt.%) of one or more processing aids based on a total
weight of the
solid cleaning product. The processing aid can be considered an optional
component
and need not be included in the cleaning composition concentrate. When the
processing aid is included in the cleaning composition concentrate, it can be
included in
an amount of at least about 0.1 wt.%. The liquid concentrate can include
aboiut 0.1
wt.% to about 15 wt.% processing aid, and can include about 6 wt.% to about 12
wt.%
processing aid. The processing aid can be excluded from the solid concentrate,
if
desired.
Hardening Agent
The alkaline floor cleaning composition concentrate can be provided as
a solid. When the concentrate is provided as a solid, the composition can be
solidified
as a result of the presence of a hardening agent. Exemplary hardening agents
that can
be included in the composition to solidify the composition include urea,
polyethylene
glycol, hydratable inorganic salts of sulfate, acetate, carbonate,
bicarbonate, and
phosphate, or mixture thereof.
A hardening agent can be a compound or system of compounds, organic
or inorganic, that significantly contributes to the uniform solidification of
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composition. Preferably, the hardening agent is compatible with the cleaning
agent and
other active ingredients of the composition, and is capable of providing an
effective
amount of hardness and/or aqueous solubility to the composition. The hardening
agent
can be capable of forming a homogeneous matrix with the cleaning agent and
other
ingredients when mixed and solidified to provide a uniform dissolution of the
cleaning
agent from the solid composition during use.
The amount of hardening agent included in the cleaning composition
concentrate can vary according to the components of the cleaning composition,
the
intended use of the composition, the amount of water in the cleaning
composition
concentrate, the temperature of the water of dilution used to form the use
composition,
the hardness of the water, the physical size of the solid concentrate, the
concentration of
the other ingredients, the concentration of the cleaning agent in the
composition, and
other like factors. It is preferred that the amount of the hardening agent is
effective to
form a homogenous mixture under continuous mixing conditions and a temperature
at
or below the melting temperature of hardening agent.
It is also preferred that the hardening agent will form a matrix with the
cleaning agent and other ingredients which will harden to a solid form under
ambient
temperatures of about 30-50 C after mixing ceases and the mixture is dispensed
from
the mixing system, within about 1 minute to about 3 hours, preferably about 2
minutes
to about 2 hours, preferably about 5 minutes to about 1 hour, in order for the
product to
be molded or extruded into a desired shape and size. A minimal amount of heat
from
an external source may be applied to the mixture to facilitate processing of
the mixture.
It is preferred that the amount of hardening agent included in the composition
is
effective to provide a hardness and desired rate of controlled solubility of
the processed
composition when placed in an aqueous medium to achieve a desired rate of
dispensing
the cleaning agent from the solidified composition during use.
The hardening agent may be, for example, an amide such as stearic
monoethanolamide, lauric diethanolamide, and stearic diethanolamide, available
commercially from Stepan Chemical under the trademark NINOLTM and from Scher
Chemical Company under the trademark SCHERCO-MIDTM. Alkyl amides
particularly provide varying degrees of hardness and solubility when combined
with
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cationizing surfactants. Generally, the C16 to C18 straight chain aliphatic
alkyl amides
provide a higher degree of insolubility with the higher degree of hardness.
For a further
discussion of alkyl amide hardening agents, see U.S. Patent No. 5,019,346 to
Richter,
the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.
Another hardening agent is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) or propylene
glycol compound for use in a cleaning composition comprising a nonionic
surfactant
cleaning agent, such as a nonyl phenol ethoxylate, a linear alkyl alcohol
ethoxylate, an
ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer such as surfactants available
commercially under the trademark PLURONICTM from BASF-Wyandotte. The
solidification rate of cleaning compositions comprising a polyethylene glycol
hardening
agent made according to the invention will vary, at least in part, according
to the
amount and the molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol added to the
composition.
Polyethylene glycol compounds useful according to the invention
include, for example, solid polyethylene glycols of the general formula
H(OCH2-CH2),,OH, where n is greater than 15, more preferably about 30-1700.
Solid
polyethylene glycols which are useful are marketed under the trademark
CarbowaxTM,
and are commercially available from Union Carbide. Preferably, the
polyethylene
glycol is a solid in the form of a free-flowing powder or flakes, having a
molecular
weight of about 1000-10,000, preferably about 3000-8000. Suitable polyethylene
glycol compounds useful according to the invention include, for example, PEG
900,
PEG 1000, PEG 1500, PEG 4000, PEG 6000, PEG 8000 among others, with PEG 8000
being preferred.
The hardening agent may also be a hydratable substance such as an
anhydrous sodium carbonate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, anhydrous
polyphosphonates,
etc., or a mixture thereof. Preferably, the hydratable hardening agent is used
in an
alkaline cleaning composition which includes ingredients such as condensed
phosphate
hardness sequestering agent and an alkaline builder salt wherein the amount of
caustic
builders is about 5-15 wt-%, as disclosed, for example in U.S. Pat. Nos.
4,595,520 and
4,680,134 to Heile et al., the disclosures of which are incorporated by
reference herein.
A hydratable hardening agent, according to the invention, is capable of
hydrating to
bind free water present in a liquid detergent emulsion to the extent that the
liquid
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emulsion becomes hardened or solidified to a homogenous solid. The amount of a
hydratable substance included in a detergent composition processed according
to the
invention, will vary according to the percentage of water present in the
liquid emulsion
as well as the hydration capacity of the other ingredients.
Other hardening agents that may be used in a cleaning composition
processed according to the invention include, for example, urea, also known as
carbamide, starches that have been made water-soluble through an acid or
alkaline
treatment process, and various inorganics that impart solidifying properties
to a heated
liquid matrix upon cooling.
The alkaline cleaning composition concentrate includes 0 to about 20
wt.% of the hardening agent. It should be appreciated that the hardening agent
is an
optional component and need not be included in the liquid concentrate. In
general, for
the solid concentrate, it is expected that the solid concentrate will include
about 8 wt.%
to about 20 wt.% hardening agent, and can include about 9 wt.% to about 16
wt.%
hardening agent.
Hydrotropes/Stabilizers
Hydrotropes/stabilizers can be provided in the liquid concentrate to help
stabilize the composition. Exemplary hydrotropes that can be used include
sodium
xylene sulfonate, sodium toluene sulfonate, sodium naphthalene sulfonate,
sodium
cumene sulfonate, alkydiphenyloxide disulfonates, glycerine, organic diacids,
propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, isopropanol, ethanol, glycol ethers and
mixtures
thereof. Hydrotropes are optional and can be excluded from the concentrate.
When the concentrate includes a hydrotrope, the hydrotrope can be
provided in an amount of about 0.1 wt.% to about 10 wt.%. In the case of the
liquid
concentrate, the hydrotrope can be provided in an amount of about 3 wt.% to
about 6
wt.%. The chelant can be excluded from the solid concentrate.
Water
The cleaning composition concentrate can include water. In general,
water can be present to aid in the flow of the concentrate, and water can be
present as
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water of hydration. It is expected that water can be present in both the
liquid
concentrate and in the solid concenrates. In general the concentrate can
contain 0 to
about 85 wt.% water. When water is present in the concentrate, it can be
present in an
amount of at least about 0.1 wt.%. In the case of a liquid concentrate, the
concentrate
can include about 15 wt.% to about 85 wt.% water, and can include about 45
wt.% to
about 75 wt.% water. In the case of a solid concentrate, the concentrate can
contain 0
wt.% water or, if water is present, about 0.1 wt.% to about 5 wt.% water, at
about 0.4
wt.% to about 0.8 wt.% water.
The concentrate can be diluted with water (water of dilution) to provide
a use composition for removing fresh, greasy soil and polymerized soil from a
floor
surface. The amount of water of dilution can be selected to provide a use
composition
having a chelant concentration of at least about 100 ppm, at least about 200
ppm, or at
least about 250 ppm to provide desired soil removal properties.
Additives
The solid cleaning products of the present invention may contain one or
more additives to provide a desired characteristic to the cleaning
composition. Suitable
additives include, but are not limited to, colorants (i.e., dyes, pigments,
etc.), perfumes,
preservatives, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, and combinations thereof. In one
desired
embodiment of the present invention, the cleaning composition includes at
least one
colorant to provide a desirable color, and at least one perfume or fragrance
to provide a
desirable scent.
Various dyes, odorants including perfumes, and other aesthetic
enhancing agents can be included in the cleaning composition. Dyes may be
included
to alter the appearance of the composition, as for example, Direct Blue 86
(Miles),
Fastusol Blue (Mobay Chemical Corp.), Acid Orange 7 (American Cyanamid), Basic
Violet 10 (Sandoz), Acid Yellow 23 (GAF), Acid Yellow 17 (Sigma Chemical), Sap
Green (Keystone Analine and Chemical), Metanil Yellow (Keystone Analine and
Chemical), Acid Blue 9(Hilton Davis), Sandolan Blue/Acid Blue 182 (Sandoz),
Hisol
Fast Red (Capitol Color and Chemical), Fluorescein (Capitol Color and
Chemical),
Acid Green 25 (Ciba-Geigy), and the like.
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In an embodiment, additives such as colorants, perfumes, antioxidants,
UV stabilizers, and preservatives, are each individually present in an amount
of less
than about 0.5 wt-% based on a total weight of the solid cleaning product. In
an
embodiment, the amount of colorant in the solid cleaning product, when
present, ranges
from about 0.0005 to about 0.015 wt-% based on a total weight of the solid
cleaning
product. When a perfume or fragrance is present, the amount of perfume or
fragrance
can be from about 0.01 to about 0.25 wt % based on a total weight of the solid
cleaning
product. In an embodiment, when present, one or more preservatives are present
in the
solid cleaning product in an amount ranging from about 0.001 to about 0.01 wt
% based
on a total weight of the solid cleaning product.
Fragrances or perfumes that may be included in the compositions
include, for example, terpenoids such as citronellol, aldehydes such as amyl
cinnamaldehyde, a jasmine such as C1S jasmine or jasmal, vanillin, and the
like.
The amounts of the components of the concentrate can be selected
depending upon whether the concentrate is provided as a liquid concentrate or
as a solid
concentrate. Exemplary ranges for the components for the concentrate are
identified in
Table 1. Table 1 additionally includes ranges of components when the
concentrate is
provided as a liquid and ranges of the components when the concentrate is
provided as
a solid.
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Table 1:
Ranges of Components for Liquid and Solid Concentrate
Component Concentrate Liquid Liquid Solid Solid
(wt.%) Concentrate Concentrate Concentrate Concentrate
(wt.%) (wt.%) (wt.%) (wt.%)
Water 0-85 15-85 45-75 0-5 0.4-0.8
Surfactant 5- 65 5- 25 8-15 20 - 65 40 - 60
Chelant 4- 30 4- 20 6-10 10 - 30 15 - 25
Buffer 0-10 2-10 3-5 0-10 4-6
Processing 0-15 0- 15 6-12 0- 15 0
aid
Hardening 0- 20 0 0 8- 20 9- 16
agent
Free 1.5-5.0% 1.5-3.5% 2.0-3.4% 1.5-5.0% 2.4-4.0
alkalinity
(expressed
as Na20)
Total 2.0-10.0% 2.0-6.0% 2.4-4.0% 2.0-10.0% 6.0-10.0
alkalinity
(expressed
as NaaO)
Titration method: Alkalinity expressed as Na20
Titrate a 2.0 g sample diluted with 100 mis of water to the phenolphthalein
and methyl
orange endpoints with 0.5N sulfuric acid. The phenolphthalein endpoint refers
to the
free alkalinity, and the methyl orange endpoint refers to the total
alkalinity.
% Na2O = mis titrant x.0155 x 100
sample weight
The alkaline cleaning composition concentrate can be diluted with water
of dilution to provide a use composition that exhibits desired removal of
fresh, greasy
soil and polymerized soil from a floor surface. In general, the alkaline
cleaning
composition concentrate can be diluted with a sufficient amount of water to
provide a
use composition containing a chelant level of at least about 100 ppm,
preferably greater
than about 200 ppm, and more preferably greater than about 250 ppm. It is
expected
that a use composition prepared from the alkaline cleaning composition
concentrate and
can contain a chelant level of at least about 100 ppm, prefererably at least
about 200
16
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WO 2008/008063 PCT/US2006/027149
ppm, and more preferably greater than about 250 ppm can provide desired soil
removal
properties.
Example
Several exemplary concentrates were prepared by mixing the components
identified in Table 2. In Table 2, the amounts of components are provided at
weight
percents. The aluminum corrosion in mils/year reported in Table 2 was
determined
based upon a modification of ASTM G31-72. The procedure for determination of
aluminum corrosion rate according to the modified ASTM G31-72 is described
following Table 2.
17
CA 02654596 2008-12-05
WO 2008/008063 PCT/US2006/027149
cp `' o o o-,r o . o o oLn rn c9 m
*-moooaic+=i Ncdv~f~ro rc~iri ~
O O O CO 0 O O O O~ N r lq
O O O O Pj N(p d' ~t M O N.= N N r
~'-' O O O d= O O O OU~ N d'
Q
O
r M~- O O 6 6 N CO 'd' d' O r N P=) M
r r
m~. O O O(O O O O O O 0 '=: d= r m
O N O C6 N CO 4 4 M O N CM 0)
N`~ o 0 o co o o 0 0 o
r V.r. O CV O r N N CO d' 'V' CM O C5 N CV
r O O O d= O ~ O O OLo a0 C+)
M N O O C'M M N CO 'd' d' t~ r O ~ N CM
N O O O OD O ~ O O O O~ 0 O O Q
N O O N C`') ND 'd' d' CM O N P')
N o O O 00 O O O O O M OD CO
CV O O N r N CO 'd' d' C`7 O N N
O
O O O d' O o O O O O O Lq r~. U)
Oc) CM O O v7 C7 N 6 -4 d' CM N C6
M C'M O O C'=) C6 N CO 4 .4 f% r O r N CM r
N
N
cz O'-' o 0 0 ~r o o 0 0~ o o +- n d. ,d.
~- M 4 O O(h C'M N 6 d 4 f- Q N C+=) M
O O O O O O 0 O O O LL=) M CO cr)
~ M d' O Oui O N CO ~t' ~h f~ r O N CM
O o oU.) O ~ O O O tq O n N N 00
M O O C'=) N C'6 N CO d' sF f-: r C; CV 4 O
'-' O O O V' O ~ O O O tq O tp ~M
r =~= O
M m O O C+M C'~ C'9 N CO 'd' ~t f~ r O r M 4
rnw
.f"'.~.~ ~'=~ .
N M O O d' d' O N CO d' 'V' t-: O 0 CV d' 0)
r Q'
r O O OV' O ~ O N (p O~~
r~ O O6 CM 6 N CO d' 'd' f~ r O ~ C6 ~ "'4
U
~
0
o
[- fIZ
M
c a o~ m ma)
o- 00 v ~ o m 60 U U p = U i0 N~ E N N N N
a~~ n ~ ' ~ a~ o o Zz
7 U (A -c "-' O U i..~ Fr
o~ - 'a c-r E o v~ a `.~ o =C GC
O N C ++ N U >. C 1` O
~ E U6 N~~ p U C C U
~' E
N 'a E c X y y = .D ..fl .D .O
~ 7 ~ > ~ iu TC c -
o a am E
o 0 0 0 ? o o o ~' ~
Ct] U) fn fn N ~+ Ct U fA ~ t0 I- O LL 1- Q
.~ N +l 7
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In interpreting the data presented in Table 2, it should be understood that
a higher level of alkalinity generally provides increased performance for the
removal of
soil from a floor surface. Accordingly, providing a composition having a lower
alkalinity level may satisfy the aluminum corrosion resistance test, but it is
expected
that performance may suffer.
Determination of Aluminum Corrosion Rate
The aluminum corrosion rate can be determined according to ASTM
G31-72 and NACE Standard TMO 169-76. The method for determining aluminum
corrosion rate reported in Table 2 can be referred to as a modified version of
ASTM
G31-72, and can be can be carried out as follows:
Equipment:
Water bath or oven capable of maintaining 113 F +/- 1.8 F (45 C +/-1.0 C).
Balance capable of weighing to 0.1 milligram
Wide mouth glass jars, 16 oz, with lids
Thermometer
Aluminum panels, 7075-T6 alloy, 1" x 2" x 1/16" (panel area = 4in2)
70% nitric acid
99% isopropanol
Tongs
Chemical resistant gloves
Procedure:
Add 400 ml of the product to be tested to each of two 16-ounce jars. Cap and
place in
the water bath and allow to equilibrate to 113 F +/- 1.8 F (45 C +/-1.0 C) for
30
minutes.
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While the product is equilibrating, prepare the metal panels as follows:
For aluminum, etch 2 panels by placing 70% nitric acid in a jar and soaking
the panel
for two minutes, followed by a hot water rinse and finally an isopropanol
rinse.
Air dry the panels and weigh to the nearest 0.1 milligram.
Immerse the panels in the heated product for six hours. Lean the panels
against the side
of the jar. Do not lay the panel on the bottom of the jar. Run only one panel
per jar.
At the conclusion of the test, remove aluminum panels, using tongs and
chemical
resistant gloves. Aluminum panels should be rinsed in hot water and placed in
70%
nitric acid for two minutes. Rinse in hot water and then isopropanol.
Air dry the panels and weigh to the nearest 0.1 milligram.
Determine the loss in weight for each panel in milligrams.
Calculation:
MPY (mils/year) Corrosion = wt loss (m )g x 534
4in2 (panel area) x 6 hrs (time) x 2.71 g/cm3 (metal
density)
The above specification, examples and data provide a complete
description of the manufacture and use of the composition of the invention.
Since
many embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the
spirit and
scope of the invention, the invention resides in the claims hereinafter
appended.
