Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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MIP/PMIP CONCATENATION WHEN
OVERLAPPING ADDRESS SPACE ARE USED
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent
application
Serial No. 60/949,829 entitled "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MIP/PMIP
CONCATENATION WHEN OVERLAPPING ADDRESS SPACE ARE USED" which
was filed July 13, 2007, the entirety of the aforementioned application is
herein
incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND
1. Field
[0002] The following description relates generally to wireless communications,
and
more particularly to mobile Internet protocol (MIP)/proxy MIP (PMIP)
concatenation
when overlapping address space are used.
II. Background
[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various
types of communication; for instance, voice and/or data can be provided via
such
wireless communication systems. A typical wireless communication system, or
network, can provide multiple users access to one or more shared resources
(e.g.,
bandwidth, transmit power, ...). For instance, a system can use a variety of
multiple
access techniques such as Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Time Division
Multiplexing (TDM), Code Division Multiplexing (CDM), Third Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) systems, Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), and others.
[0004] Generally, wireless multiple-access communication systems can
simultaneously support communication for multiple mobile devices. Each mobile
device can communicate with one or more base stations via transmissions on
forward
and reverse links. The forward link (or downlink) refers to the communication
link
from base stations to mobile devices, and the reverse link (or uplink) refers
to the
communication link from mobile devices to base stations. This communication
link can
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be established via a single-in-single-out, multiple-in-signal-out, or a
multiple-in-
multiple-out (MIMO) system.
[0005] For instance, a MIMO system can employ multiple (NT) transmit antennas
and multiple (NR) receive antennas for data transmission. A MIMO channel
formed by
the NT transmit and NR receive antennas can be decomposed into Ns independent
channels, which are also referred to as spatial channels, where Ns <_ min{NT,
NR} .
Each of the Ns independent channels can correspond to a dimension. The MIMO
system can provide improved performance (e.g., higher throughput and/or
greater
reliability) if the additional dimensionalities created by the multiple
transmit and receive
antennas are utilized.
[0006] A MIMO system can support a time division duplex (TDD) and frequency
division duplex (FDD) systems. In a TDD system, the forward and reverse link
transmissions can be on the same frequency region so that the reciprocity
principle
allows the estimation of the forward link channel from the reverse link
channel. This
can enable the access point to extract transmit beamforming gain on the
forward link
when multiple antennas are available at the access point
[0007] Wireless communication systems oftentimes employ one or more base
stations that provide a coverage area. A typical base station can transmit
multiple data
streams for broadcast, multicast and/or unicast services, wherein a data
stream may be a
stream of data that can be of independent reception interest to a mobile
device. A
mobile device within the coverage area of such base station can be employed to
receive
one, more than one, or all the data streams carried by the composite stream.
Likewise, a
mobile device can transmit data to the base station or another mobile device.
[0008] Often, individual networks, such as home networks, corporate networks,
or
private networks, can have overlapping address spaces. Similar systems that
connect
communication devices, such as mobile devices, to an Internet network can be
faced
with the issue that a network to which the system attempts to connect the
communication device uses overlapping address spaces.
[0009] One technique for enabling connection of communication devices where a
network uses overlapping address spaces, such as when a public data network
gateway
(PGW) is to serve multiple public data networks (PDNs), is to employ policy
routing
where a unique tunnel end point identifier (TE ID) can be used for each
communication
device to facilitate data transmissions between the source and destination.
For uplink
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transmission, a TE ID associated with a communication device can be mapped to
a
desired outgoing tunnel to a desired PDN. For downlink transmission, the
destination
address (e.g., destination Internet protocol (IP) address) of a data packet on
a per PDN
(incoming tunnel) basis can be mapped to a given TE ID.
[0010] For example, a first mobile device can be associated with a first
address
space, a second mobile device can be associated with a second address space,
and a
third mobile device can be associated with an address space that overlaps the
first
address space. Each mobile device can be associated with a respective TE ID,
and all of
these mobile devices can be connected to a base station. The base station can
be
connected to a signaling gateway (SGW). The base station and SGW can utilize
the TE
IDs to facilitate switching related to the mobile devices. The SGW can be
connected to
a PGW that can employ policy routing to route data packets to desired PDNs
based on
the respective TE IDs, destination address, and PDN associated with respective
data
packets. Essentially tunnels (e.g., IP/IP security (IPSEC) tunnels) can be
formed, where
the routing of a data packet to a given tunnel and PDN associated therewith
can be
based in part on the TE ID associated with the data packet. For instance,
using the TE
IDs, data packets associated with the first mobile device can be routed to a
first tunnel
and to a first PDN associated therewith, data packets associated with the
second mobile
device can be routed to a second tunnel and a second PDN associated therewith,
and
data packets associated with the third mobile device can be routed to the
second tunnel
and associated second PDN. As a result, the issue of overlapping address
spaces with
regard to the first mobile device and third mobile device is resolved, as data
packets
respectively associated with the first mobile device and third mobile device
are routed
through separate tunnels and separate PDNs.
[0011] However, techniques that employ unique identifiers, such as TE IDs, to
identify mobile communication devices to facilitate routing data associated
with the
communication devices in networks having overlapping address space can utilize
significant memory resources as the unique identifiers of each communication
device
have to be stored in memory. It is desirable to efficiently establish a
communication
connection and route data in a network from source to destination particularly
when
there are overlapping address spaces. It is also desirable to efficiently use
resources,
such as memory resources, when establishing communication connections and
routing
data in the network.
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SUMMARY
[0012] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more embodiments
in order to provide a basic understanding of such embodiments. This summary is
not an
extensive overview of all contemplated embodiments, and is intended to neither
identify
key or critical elements of all embodiments nor delineate the scope of any or
all
embodiments. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more
embodiments
in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is
presented later.
[0013] In accordance with one or more embodiments and corresponding disclosure
thereof, various aspects are described in connection with facilitating
efficient connection
and communication associated with a communication device (e.g., mobile device)
within a network in a wireless communication environment by employing a
virtual
home agent (v-HA), a "home" home agent (h-HA), and concatenation of
communication tunnels associated with the v-HA and/or h-HA to facilitate
connection
and communication between a communication device and a desired public data
network
(PDN). In one aspect, systems, methodologies, and devices are described that
enable
communication devices, such as mobile devices, to efficiently connect and
communicate with PDNs even if overlapping Internet protocol address spaces
exist in
the PDNs. The subject innovation can employ v-HAs that can respectively serve
PDNs,
such that one v-HA can be employed for each PDN served. To facilitate
connection of a
communication device to a desired PDN, a message (e.g., proxy binding update
(PBU),
binding update (BU)), which can include an identifier relating to the desired
PDN (e.g.,
network access identifier), can be transmitted to a v-HA and it can be
discovered
whether that v-HA serves the desired PDN.
[0014] In one aspect, if the instant v-HA determines that it serves the
desired PDN,
a communication tunnel can be created between a mobile access gateway (MAG)
associated with the communication device and the v-HA. Also, the v-HA can
transmit
the message to a h-HA connected with the desired PDN to facilitate connecting
the h-
HA to the v-HA, where a tunnel can be created between the v-HA and h-HA. The
tunnels can be mapped to each other and concatenated to facilitate
communication flow
through the tunnels to facilitate communication between the communication
device and
desired PDN. If the instant v-HA is determined to not be the v-HA that serves
the
desired PDN, that v-HA can transmit a HA-switch message indicating that it is
not the
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correct-v-HA and/or identifying the correct v-HA to which the message should
be sent.
The message can be redirected to the correct v-HA, which can transmit the
message to
the desired h-HA to facilitate creating of (and concatenation of)
communication tunnels
between the MAG, v-HA, and h-HA to facilitate connection and communication
between the communication device and the desired PDN.
[0015] According to related aspects, a method that facilitates communication
associated with a mobile device is described herein. The method can include
determining a virtual home agent that serves a specified public data network
based at
least in part on predefined virtual home agent-to-public data network mapping.
Further,
the method can comprise transmitting a message, comprising information
identifying
the specified public data network, from the virtual home agent to a home home-
agent
discovered to be associated with the specified public data network to
facilitate
connecting the mobile device to the specified public data network at a
predefined
Internet protocol (IP) space, the mobile device is connected to the specified
public data
network via a first tunnel created between a first mobile access gateway and
the virtual
home agent that serves the specified public data network and a second tunnel
created
between a second mobile access gateway associated with the virtual home agent
and the
home home-agent, the first tunnel is based on at least one of a client mobile
Internet
protocol (CMIP) or a proxy mobile Internet protocol (PMIP) and the second
tunnel is
based on a proxy mobile Internet protocol (PMIP).
[0016] Another aspect relates to a communications apparatus. The
communications
apparatus can include a memory that retains instructions related to
transmission of a
message, comprising information identifying a specified public data network,
from a
virtual home agent, which serves the specified public data network, to a home
home-
agent determined to be associated with the specified public data network to
facilitate
connecting a mobile device to the specified public data network at a
predefined Internet
protocol (IP) space, the virtual home agent that serves a specified public
data network is
determined based at least in part on predefined virtual home agent-to-public
data
network mapping. Further, the communications apparatus can include a
processor,
coupled to the memory, configured to execute the instructions retained in the
memory.
[0017] Yet another aspect relates to a communications apparatus that
facilitates
communication associated with a mobile device. The communications apparatus
can
include means for determining a virtual home agent that serves a specified
public data
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network based at least in part on predefined virtual home agent-to-public data
network
mapping. Further, the communications apparatus can comprise means for
transmitting a
message, comprising information identifying the specified public data network,
from the
virtual home agent to a home home-agent discovered to be associated with the
specified
public data network to facilitate connecting the mobile device to the
specified public
data network at a predefined Internet protocol (IP) space, the mobile device
is connected
to the specified public data network via a first tunnel created between a
first mobile
access gateway and the virtual home agent that serves the specified public
data network
and a second tunnel created between a second mobile access gateway associated
with
the virtual home agent and the home home-agent, the first tunnel is based on
at least one
of a client mobile Internet protocol (CMIP) or a proxy mobile Internet
protocol (PMIP)
and the second tunnel is based on a proxy mobile Internet protocol (PMIP).
[0018] Still another aspect relates to a computer program product, comprising:
a
computer-readable medium comprising code for: identifying a virtual home agent
that
serves a specified public data network based at least in part on predefined
virtual home
agent-to-public data network mapping; and transmitting a message, comprising
information identifying the specified public data network, from the virtual
home agent
to a home home-agent determined to be associated with the specified public
data
network to facilitate connecting a mobile device to the specified public data
network at
a predefined Internet protocol (IP) space.
[0019] In accordance with another aspect, an apparatus in a wireless
communication
system can include a processor, wherein the processor can be configured to
determine a
virtual home agent that serves a specified public data network based at least
in part on
predefined virtual home agent-to-public data network mapping. Moreover, the
processor can be configured to transmit a message, comprising information
identifying
the specified public data network, from the virtual home agent to a home home-
agent
discovered to be associated with the specified public data network to
facilitate creation
of a concatenated set of tunnels utilized to connect a mobile device to the
specified
public data network at a predefined Internet protocol (IP) space.
[0020] According to other aspects, a method that facilitates communication
associated with a mobile device is described herein. The method can include
transmitting a message comprising information that facilitates identifying a
public data
network with which the mobile device seeks to connect, to a first virtual home
agent to
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facilitate determining if the first virtual home agent is a virtual home agent
that serves
the public data network. Further, the method can comprise redirecting the
message to
transmit the message to another virtual home agent based at least in part on a
received
home agent switch message that at least one of indicates the first virtual
home agent
does not serve the public data network or identifies another virtual home
agent that
serves the public data network if it is determined that the first virtual home
agent does
not serve the public data network, to facilitate creation of a concatenated
set of tunnels
that facilitate connecting the mobile device to the public data network,
wherein the
concatenated set of tunnels comprising a first tunnel created between a first
mobile
access gateway and the virtual home agent that serves the specified public
data network
and a second tunnel created between a second mobile access gateway associated
with
the virtual home agent and a home home-agent associated with the public data
network,
the first tunnel is based on at least one of a client mobile Internet protocol
(CMIP) or a
proxy mobile Internet protocol (PMIP) and the second tunnel is based on a
proxy
mobile Internet protocol (PMIP).
[0021] Yet another aspect relates to a wireless communications apparatus that
can
include a memory that retains instructions related to communication of a
message
comprising information that facilitates identifying a public data network to
which a
mobile device seeks to connect, to a first virtual home agent to facilitate
determination
of whether the first virtual home agent is a virtual home agent that serves
the public data
network, and redirection of the message to communicate the message to another
virtual
home agent based at least in part on a received home agent switch message that
at least
one of indicates the first virtual home agent does not serve the public data
network or
identifies another virtual home agent that serves the public data network if
it is
determined that the first virtual home agent does not serve the public data
network, to
facilitate creation of a concatenated set of tunnels that facilitate
connection of the
mobile device to the public data network. Further, the wireless communications
apparatus can comprise a processor, coupled to the memory, configured to
execute the
instructions retained in the memory.
[0022] Another aspect relates to a communications apparatus that facilitates
communication associated with a mobile device. The communications apparatus
can
include means for transmitting a message comprising information that
facilitates
identifying a public data network with which the mobile device seeks to
connect, to a
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first virtual home agent to facilitate determining if the first virtual home
agent is a
virtual home agent that serves the public data network. Further, the
communications
apparatus can include means for redirecting the message to transmit the
message to
another virtual home agent based at least in part on a received home agent
switch
message that at least one of indicates the first virtual home agent does not
serve the
public data network or identifies another virtual home agent that serves the
public data
network if it is determined that the first virtual home agent does not serve
the public
data network, to facilitate creation of a concatenated set of tunnels that
facilitate
connecting the mobile device to the public data network.
[0023] Still another aspect relates to a computer program product, comprising:
a
computer-readable medium comprising code for: communicating a message
comprising
information related to a public data network to which a mobile device seeks to
connect,
to a first virtual home agent to facilitate determining whether the first
virtual home
agent is a virtual home agent that serves the public data network, and
redirecting the
message to communicate the message to another virtual home agent based at
least in
part on a received home agent switch message that at least one of indicates
the first
virtual home agent does not serve the public data network or identifies
another virtual
home agent that serves the public data network if it is determined that the
first virtual
home agent does not serve the public data network, to facilitate creating a
linked set of
tunnels that facilitate connection of the mobile device to the public data
network.
[0024] In accordance with another aspect, an apparatus in a wireless
communication
system can include a processor, wherein the processor can be configured to
transmit a
message comprising information that facilitates identifying a public data
network with
which the mobile device seeks to connect, to a first virtual home agent to
facilitate
determining if the first virtual home agent is a virtual home agent that
serves the public
data network. Further, the processor can be configured to re-transmit the
message to
another virtual home agent based at least in part on a received home agent
switch
message that at least one of indicates the first virtual home agent does not
serve the
public data network or identifies another virtual home agent that serves the
public data
network if it is determined that the first virtual home agent does not serve
the public
data network, to facilitate creation of a concatenated set of tunnels that
facilitate
connecting the mobile device to the public data network.
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[0025] To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or
more
embodiments comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly
pointed
out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set
forth in
detail certain illustrative aspects of the one or more embodiments. These
aspects are
indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles
of various
embodiments can be employed and the described embodiments are intended to
include
all such aspects and their equivalents.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] FIG. 1 is an illustration of a wireless communication system in
accordance
with various aspects set forth herein.
[0027] FIG. 2A is an illustration of an example a system that can facilitate
connection and communication between a communication device and a desired
public
data network (PDN) in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosed subject
matter.
[0028] FIG. 2B is an illustration of an example a system that can employ CMIP
to
facilitate connection and communication between a communication device and a
desired
public data network (PDN) in accordance with another embodiment of the
disclosed
subject matter.
[0029] FIG. 3 is a depiction of an example diagram of message flow related to
HA-
switching to facilitate connection a mobile device to a desired PDN in
accordance with
an aspect of the disclosed subject matter.
[0030] FIG. 4 is a depiction of an example system that can employ a virtual
home
agent (v-HA) to facilitate connection of a mobile device with a desired PDN in
accordance with an aspect of the disclosed subject matter.
[0031] FIG. 5 is a depiction of an example system that can facilitate
connecting a
mobile device to a desired PDN to facilitate communication associated with the
mobile
device within a wireless communication environment in accordance with an
aspect of
the disclosed subject matter.
[0032] FIG. 6 is an illustration of another example methodology that can
facilitate
connecting a mobile device to a desired PDN in accordance with an aspect of
the
disclosed subject matter.
[0033] FIG. 7 is an illustration of an example methodology that can create a
mapping of v-HAs to PDNs to facilitate communications associated with a mobile
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device in a wireless communication system in accordance with an aspect of the
disclosed subject matter.
[0034] FIG. 8 is a depiction of an example methodology that can facilitate
discovering a desired v-HA and h-HA to facilitate connecting a mobile device
to a
desired PDN in accordance with an aspect of the disclosed subject matter.
[0035] FIG. 9 is an illustration of another example methodology that can
facilitate
discovering a desired v-HA and "home" home agent (h-HA) to facilitate
connecting a
mobile device to a desired PDN in accordance with an aspect of the disclosed
subject
matter.
[0036] FIG. 10 is an illustration of an example mobile device that can
facilitate
communications associated with a mobile device in a wireless communication
system in
accordance with an aspect of the disclosed subject matter.
[0037] FIG. 11 is a depiction of an example system that can facilitate
communications associated with a mobile device in a wireless communication
system in
accordance with an aspect of the disclosed subject matter.
[0038] FIG. 12 is an illustration of an example wireless network system that
can be
employed in conjunction with the various systems and methods described herein.
[0039] FIG. 13 is a depiction of an example system that can facilitate
communication associated with a mobile device in a wireless communication
environment.
[0040] FIG. 14 is an illustration of another example system that can
facilitate
communication associated with a mobile device in a wireless communication
environment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0041] Various embodiments are now described with reference to the drawings,
wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout.
In the
following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details
are set
forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments.
It may
be evident, however, that such embodiment(s) may be practiced without these
specific
details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in
block
diagram form in order to facilitate describing one or more embodiments.
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[0042] As used in this application, the terms "component," "module," "system,"
"home agent," "virtual home agent (v-HA)," "`home' home agent (h-HA)," "mobile
access gateway (MAG)," "selector," "evaluator," "communicator," "mapper,"
"identifier," C-MAG," "data store," and the like can refer to a computer-
related entity,
either hardware, firmware, a combination of hardware and software, software,
or
software in execution. For example, a component can be, but is not limited to
being, a
process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a
thread of
execution, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an
application
running on a computing device and the computing device can be a component. One
or
more components can reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a
component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or
more
computers. In addition, these components can execute from various computer
readable
media having various data structures stored thereon. The components can
communicate
by way of local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal
having one
or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another
component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such
as the
Internet with other systems by way of the signal).
[0043] The techniques described herein may be used for various wireless
communication systems such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA and
other systems. The terms "system" and "network" are often used
interchangeably. A
CDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial
Radio
Access (UTRA), CDMA2000, etc. UTRA includes Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) and
other variants of CDMA. CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards. A
TDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile
Communications (GSM). An OFDMA system may implement a radio technology such
as Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi),
IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDMd, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are
part of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). 3GPP Long Term
Evolution (LTE) is an upcoming release of UMTS that uses E-UTRA, which employs
OFDMA on the downlink and SC-FDMA on the uplink. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS,
LTE and GSM are described in documents from an organization named "3rd
Generation
Partnership Project" (3GPP). CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from
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an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2). These
various
radio technologies and standards are known in the art.
[0044] Furthermore, various embodiments are described herein in connection
with a
mobile device. A mobile device can also be called a system, subscriber unit,
subscriber
station, mobile station, mobile, remote station, remote terminal, access
terminal, user
terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, user device, or
user
equipment (UE). A mobile device can be a cellular telephone, a cordless
telephone, a
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station,
a personal
digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device having wireless connection
capability,
computing device, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem.
Moreover, various embodiments are described herein in connection with a base
station.
A base station can be utilized for communicating with mobile device(s) and can
also be
referred to as an access point, Node B (e.g., evolved Node B, eNode B, eNB),
or some
other terminology.
[0045] Moreover, various aspects or features described herein can be
implemented
as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming
and/or
engineering techniques. The term "article of manufacture" as used herein is
intended to
encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device,
carrier,
or media. For example, computer-readable media can include but are not limited
to
magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips,
etc.), optical
disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD), etc.), smart
cards, and flash
memory devices (e.g., EPROM, card, stick, key drive, etc.). Additionally,
various
storage media described herein can represent one or more devices and/or other
machine-
readable media for storing information. The term "machine-readable medium" can
include, without being limited to, wireless channels and various other media
capable of
storing, containing, and/or carrying instruction(s) and/or data.
[0046] Referring now to Fig. 1, a wireless communication system 100 is
illustrated
in accordance with various embodiments presented herein. System 100 comprises
a
base station 102 that can include multiple antenna groups. For example, one
antenna
group can include antennas 104 and 106, another group can comprise antennas
108 and
110, and an additional group can include antennas 112 and 114. Two antennas
are
illustrated for each antenna group; however, more or fewer antennas can be
utilized for
each group. Base station 102 can additionally include a transmitter chain and
a receiver
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chain, each of which can in turn comprise a plurality of components associated
with
signal transmission and reception (e.g., processors, modulators, multiplexers,
demodulators, demultiplexers, antennas, etc.), as will be appreciated by one
skilled in
the art. It is to be appreciated that, while one base station 102 is depicted
in Fig. 1, the
disclosed subject matter can comprise more than one base station in the
network, such
as, for example, a serving base station 102 and one or more neighbor base
stations 102.
[0047] Base station 102 can communicate with one or more mobile devices such
as
mobile device 116 and mobile device 122; however, it is to be appreciated that
base
station 102 can communicate with substantially any number of mobile devices
similar to
mobile devices 116 and 122. Mobile devices 116 and 122 can be, for example,
cellular
phones, smart phones, laptops, handheld communication devices, handheld
computing
devices, satellite radios, global positioning systems, PDAs, and/or any other
suitable
device for communicating over wireless communication system 100. As depicted,
mobile device 116 is in communication with antennas 112 and 114, where
antennas 112
and 114 transmit information to mobile device 116 over a forward link 118
(e.g.,
downlink (DL)) and receive information from mobile device 116 over a reverse
link 120
(e.g., uplink (UL)). Moreover, mobile device 122 is in communication with
antennas
104 and 106, where antennas 104 and 106 transmit information to mobile device
122
over a forward link 124 and receive information from mobile device 122 over a
reverse
link 126. In a frequency division duplex (FDD) system, forward link 118 can
utilize a
different frequency band than that used by reverse link 120, and forward link
124 can
employ a different frequency band than that employed by reverse link 126, for
example.
Further, in a time division duplex (TDD) system, forward link 118 and reverse
link 120
can utilize a common frequency band and forward link 124 and reverse link 126
can
utilize a common frequency band.
[0048] Each group of antennas and/or the area in which they are designated to
communicate can be referred to as a sector of base station 102. For example,
antenna
groups can be designed to communicate to mobile devices (e.g., 116) in a
sector of the
areas covered by base station 102. In communication over forward links 118 and
124,
the transmitting antennas of base station 102 can utilize beamforming to
improve signal-
to-noise ratio of forward links 118 and 124 for mobile devices 116 and 122.
Also, while
base station 102 utilizes beamforming to transmit to mobile devices 116 and
122
scattered randomly through an associated coverage, mobile devices in
neighboring cells
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can be subject to less interference as compared to a base station transmitting
through a
single antenna to all its mobile devices.
[0049] In accordance with an aspect, one or more mobile devices (e.g., 116,
122)
can be communicatively connected with a base station 102 in a core network. A
mobile
device(s) 116 can be connected to a desired public data network (PDN) (e.g.,
Internet
network) via a gateway (e.g., mobile access gateway (MAG)) that can be
associated
(e.g., connected) with the core network. At times, disparate PDNs may have
overlapping address spaces, where, for example, a first PDN is using an
Internet
protocol (IP) address space of 10Ø0.1 and a second PDN is also using an IP
address
space of 10Ø0.1. In one aspect, the subject innovation can facilitate
connecting mobile
devices to desired disparate PDNs, even if disparate PDNs have overlapping
address
spaces, by employing concatenated tunnels, where, for example, a first tunnel
can be
utilized to connect the gateway to a desired virtual home agent (e.g.,
signaling gateway
(SGW)) and a second tunnel can be utilized to connect the v-HA (e.g., MAG
associated
with the v-HA) to a "home" home agent (h-HA) (e.g., public data network gate
way
(PDNGW or PGW)) that can be associated with the desired PDN to facilitate
connecting
the mobile device to the desired PDN. The first tunnel can be mapped to the
second
tunnel to facilitate concatenating (e.g., linking) the first and second tunnel
to form a
concatenated set of tunnels.
[0050] In another aspect, the concatenated tunneling can be concatenated proxy
mobile Internet protocol (MPIP)-MPIP or concatenated client mobile Internet
protocol
(CMIP)-PMIP. The subject innovation can employ one or more v-HAs and a h-HA,
where a different physical or virtual h-HA (e.g., PDNGW) can be used for each
PDN
served and a different physical or virtual v-HA (e.g., SGW) can be used for
each PDN
served. The v-HA(s) can facilitate policy routing by mapping incoming tunnels
to
respective outgoing tunnels on a per PDN basis. The h-HA can facilitate policy
routing
based at least in part on tunnel destination addresses respectively associated
with the
PDNs.
[0051] Turning to Fig. 2A, illustrated is a system 200 that can facilitate
connection
and communication between a communication device and a desired PDN in
accordance
with an embodiment of the disclosed subject matter. System 200 can include one
or
more mobile devices (e.g., three mobile devices, mobile device 202, mobile
device 204,
and mobile device 206, are illustrated, however, the subject innovation also
can have
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less than three mobile devices or more than three mobile devices). Each mobile
device
202, 204, 206 can be communicatively connected to a base station(s) 102 (not
shown in
Fig. 2A, however, the base station 102 and core network associated therewith
can be
part of the access network 208) in a wireless communication environment. It is
to be
appreciated that each mobile device 202, 204, 206 can be the same or similar
as, and/or
can have the same or similar functionality as, respective mobile devices
(e.g., mobile
device 116, mobile device 122) as more fully described herein, for example,
with regard
to system 100.
[0052] As desired, the mobile devices 202, 204, 206 each can be connected via
the
access network 208 to a MAG 210 that can be utilized to facilitate connecting
the
mobile devices 202, 204, 206 to a desired PDN, such as PDN 1 212 or PDN2 214
(while
only two PDNs are illustrated, it is to be appreciated that the subject
innovation is not so
limited as there also can be less than two PDNs or more than two PDNs employed
in
accordance with the disclosed subject matter). The MAG 210 can communicate
with
one or more HAs 216 (e.g., local mobility anchor (LMA)/HA), and each HA 216
can be
respectively associated (e.g., connected) with a MAG 218, where a v-HA,
comprising a
HA 216 and MAG 218, can be utilized as a signaling gateway to facilitate
connecting an
associated mobile device (e.g., 202) to a desired PDN (e.g., PDNl 212). The HA
216
can comprise one or more v-HAs, such as v-HA 220 and/or v-HA 222, that can be
utilized to facilitate connecting mobile devices (e.g., 202, 204, 206)
respectively
associated therewith to desired PDNs (e.g., PDN1212, PDN2 214). In accordance
with
various embodiments, the one or more v-HAs (e.g., 220, 222) can be a 3GPP
Service
Gateway (SGW), a non-3GPP Access Gateway (AGW), or a visited Packet Data
Network Gateway (PDNGW, a.k.a. PGW).
[0053] System 200 also can include a HA 224 (e.g., h-HA), which can be a
PDNGW, for example, that can comprise one or more v-HAs, such as v-HA 226
and/or
v-HA 228, and can be utilized to facilitate connecting mobile devices (e.g.,
202) to
desired PDNs (e.g., PDNl 212). In one aspect, one or more mobile devices, such
as
mobile device 202, mobile device 204, and/or mobile device 206, can be
connected to
MAG 210 via the access network 208 (e.g., mobile device wirelessly connected
to a
base station that is connected to a core network, which can be connected to
MAG 210).
MAG 210 can facilitate discovering the desired v-HA (e.g., 220, 222) to which
a
particular mobile device is to be connected. The MAG 210 and desired v-HA(s)
can
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facilitate establishing a tunnel between the MAG 210 and a desired v-HA(s)
(e.g., 220,
222), where there can be one v-HA in HA 216 for each PDN (e.g., PDN1212, PDN2
214) to be served by HA 216. It is to be appreciated and understood that there
also can
be more than one HA 216 (as well as MAG 218, v-HA 220, and v-HA 222) that can
be
utilized to serve PDNs respectively associated therewith.
[0054] For instance, in accordance with an embodiment, when a new mobile
device
(e.g., mobile device 202) enters the access network 208 and desires to connect
to a
particular PDN (e.g., PDNl 212), MAG 210 can allocate a local anchor, and can
transmit a proxy binding update (PBU), which can include a network access
identifier
(NAI) associated with the new mobile device, to a v-HA (e.g., HA 216 and MAG
218
combination), where the MAG 210 can select the v-HA from a pool of identified
v-HAs
whose respective addresses can be stored in a database that can be accessed by
the
MAG 210. The v-HA (e.g., HA 216 and MAG 218 combination) can receive the PBU
and can analyze the PBU information, such as the NAI, and can access
information
regarding the PDNs (e.g., predefined v-HA to PDN mapping) from a database to
determine whether that v-HA is the v-HA that is to be utilized for the PDN to
which
connection is desired by the new mobile device (e.g., an IP address or a fully
qualified
domain name (FQDN) can be obtained to facilitate determining whether the v-HA
address is a correct address through which to connect to the desired PDN, or
whether
the proper v-HA is at another address). If that v-HA (e.g., HA 216 and MAG 218
combination) is the proper v-HA to facilitate connection to the desired PDN, a
tunnel
can be created between MAG 210 and a v-HA (e.g., 220) of HA 216. MAG 218 can
facilitate transmitting a PBU to HA 224 (e.g., h-HA) and a tunnel can be
created
between MAG 218 and a desired v-HA (e.g., 226) of HA 224, where the desired v-
HA
(e.g., 226) can be respectively associated with the desired PDN (e.g., PDNl
212). In
one aspect, the HA 224 can comprise a PDNGW (a.k.a. PGW). A mapping can be
created between the first tunnel (e.g., tunnel between MAG 210 and v-HA 220)
and the
second tunnel (e.g., tunnel between MAG 218 and v-HA 226) to facilitate
concatenating
the two tunnels and connecting the mobile device to the desired PDN.
[0055] If the v-HA (e.g., HA 216 and MAG 218 combination) is not the proper v-
HA to be used to connect the new mobile device with the desired PDN, the v-HA
can
access information from a database that can indicate which v-HA is the proper
v-HA,
and can transmit a HA-switch message to the MAG 210, where the HA-switch
message
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can include information regarding the v-HA that can be used for the desired
PDN,
which can be discovered by the HA 216. MAG 210 can receive the HA-switch
message
and can transmit a PBU, which can include the NAI associated with the new
mobile
device, to the proper v-HA (e.g., comprising HA and MAG combination) as
indicated
by the HA-switch message. The MAG 210 can establish a tunnel between the MAG
210 and v-HA (e.g., 220) of the proper HA 216, and the proper MAG 218 can
facilitate
transmitting a PBU, which can include the NAI associated with the new mobile
device,
to the desired HA 224 (e.g., h-HA, such as a "home" evolved packet service
home agent
(h-EPSHA))). A tunnel can be created between MAG 218 and the desired v-HA
(e.g.,
226) associated with the desired PDN (e.g., PDNl 212).
[0056] For example, there can be three mobile devices 202, 204, 206 that can
be
connected to an access network 208, where mobile device 202 desires to connect
to
PDN1212 and mobile devices 204 and 206 each desired to connect to PDN2 214.
The
first mobile device 202 can desire to connect to PDNl 212 using an IP address
10Ø0.1;
the second mobile device 204 can desire to connect to PDN2 214 using an IP
address
10Ø0.2; and the third mobile device 206 can desire to connect to PDN2 214
using an IP
address 10Ø0.1. As can be seen, the first mobile device 202 and the third
mobile
device 206 are using IP addresses that are overlapping, as the first and third
mobile
devices are each using 10Ø0.1 as an IP address to connect to respective
PDNs, PDNl
212 and PDN2 214, that are using overlapping IP addresses. System 200 can
facilitate
connecting each of the mobile devices 202, 204, 206 to the desired PDNs, even
though
there are overlapping address spaces.
[0057] Employing the discovery process to determine which v-HA is the proper v-
HA for each of the PDNs being served, the MAG 210 can facilitate creating a
first
tunnel between the MAG 210 and v-HA 220 (e.g., discovered to be a proper v-HA)
and
the mobile device 202 can be connected with the first tunnel at the MAG 210.
The
MAG 218 also can facilitate creating a second tunnel between the MAG 218 and v-
HA
226 of HA 224, where the tunnel connected to v-HA 220 can be mapped to the
tunnel
between MAG 218 and v-HA 226 to facilitate concatenating the two tunnels. The
v-HA
226 can be connected to PDN1212, and the mobile device 202 can thereby be
connected to PDN 1 212. The MAG 210 also can facilitate creating another first
tunnel
between the MAG 210 and v-HA 222 and mobile devices 204 and 206 can both be
connected to the other first tunnel at the MAG 210 since mobile devices 204
and 206
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desire to be connected to the same PDN, PDN2 214. MAG 218 can facilitate
creating
another second tunnel between MAG 218 and v-HA 228 of HA 224, where the tunnel
connected to v-HA 222 can be mapped to the tunnel between MAG 218 and v-HA 228
to facilitate concatenating these two other tunnels. The v-HA 228 can be
connected to
PDN2 214, and mobile devices 204 and 206 can thereby be connected to PDN2 214.
Since mobile devices 204 and 206 are connected to the same PDN, by definition
the
mobile devices 204 and 206 are connecting via different IP addresses and thus
there will
be no overlapping of addresses, even though these two mobile devices 204 and
206 are
being connected to the same PDN2 214 via the same concatenated set of tunnels.
[0058] In accordance with an embodiment, virtual HA selection can be
facilitated,
where each PDN can be associated with a disparate v-HA (e.g., virtual evolved
packet
service home agent (v-EPSHA)). For instance, if a mobile device (e.g., 202)
desires to
connect to PDNl (e.g., 212), MAG 210 can transmit a binding update (BU) to a
first v-
HA, and information in the BU and information regarding which v-HAs are
associated
with which PDNs (e.g., predefined v-HA to PDN mapping) can be accessed from a
database and can be evaluated by the first v-HA to determine whether the first
v-HA is
the desired v-HA to connect the mobile device to PDNl. The first v-HA can
determine
that it is the proper v-HA, and a tunnel between MAG 210 and the first v-HA
can be
facilitated. The first v-HA also can discover the upstream h-HA from
information in the
database and MAG 218 can transmit a BU to the h-HA, and a tunnel can be
created
between MAG 218 and the desired h-HA, which can be connected with the desired
PDNl. There can be a mapping to facilitate linking these two tunnels to
facilitate the
communication flow between the mobile device and the desired PDNl I.
[0059] A second mobile device (e.g., 204) can desire to connect to PDN2. MAG
210 can transmit a binding update (BU) to a first v-HA, and information in the
BU and a
predefined v-HA to PDN mapping can be accessed from a database and can be
evaluated by the first v-HA to determine whether the first v-HA is the desired
v-HA to
connect the mobile device to PDNl . If the first v-HA does not serve the
desired PDN,
the first v-HA can determine that it is not the proper v-HA and also can
determine that a
second v-HA is the proper v-HA based at least in part on the predefined v-HA
to PDN
mapping to facilitate connecting the second mobile device to PDN2. The first v-
HA can
transmit a HA-switch message indicating that the second v-HA is the proper v-
HA to
the MAG 210, and the MAG 210 can transmit a BU to the second v-HA. A tunnel
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between MAG 210 and the second v-HA can be created. The second v-HA can
discover the upstream h-HA from information in the database and MAG 218 can
transmit a BU to the desired h-HA, and a tunnel can be created between MAG 218
and
the desired h-HA, which can be connected with the desired PDN2. There can be a
mapping to facilitate linking these two tunnels to facilitate the
communication flow
between the mobile device and the desired PDN2.
[0060] A third mobile device (e.g., 206) can desire to connect to PDN3. MAG
210
can transmit a binding update (BU) to a first v-HA, and information in the BU
and the
predefined v-HA to PDN mapping can be accessed from a database and can be
evaluated by the first v-HA to determine whether the first v-HA is the desired
v-HA to
connect the mobile device to PDNl I. If the first v-HA determines that it is
not the v-HA
that serves PDN3, the first v-HA can determine that it is not the proper v-HA
and also
can determine that a third v-HA is the proper v-HA to facilitate connecting
the second
mobile device to PDN2. The first v-HA can transmit a HA-switch message
indicating
that the third v-HA is the proper v-HA to the MAG 210, and the MAG 210 can
transmit
a BU to the third v-HA. A tunnel between MAG 210 and the third v-HA can be
created.
The third v-HA can discover the upstream h-HA from information in the database
and
MAG 218 can transmit a BU to the desired h-HA, and a tunnel can be created
between
MAG 218 and the desired h-HA, which can be connected with the desired PDN3.
There
can be a mapping to facilitate linking these two tunnels to facilitate the
communication
flow between the mobile device and the desired PDN3.
[0061] In accordance with another embodiment, there can be a "master" v-HA,
where the "master" v-HA can include code and/or a database that can contain
information relating to the relationships between v-HAs and PDNs in order to
facilitate
determining the proper v-HA to be employed with regard to a particular PDN. To
facilitate connecting a mobile device to a desired PD, the MAG 210 can
communicate a
BU to the "master" v-HA so the proper v-HA can be determined by the "master" v-
HA.
[0062] In accordance with still another embodiment, there can be an external
database that can contain information relating to the relationships between v-
HAs and
PDNs. Each v-HA can comprise code, and each v-HA can access the external
database
to retrieve information regarding v-HA to PDN relationships, to facilitate
determining
the proper v-HA to use to connect a mobile device to a desired PDN.
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[0063] It is to be further appreciated and understood that the subject
innovation can
employ virtually any desired protocol (e.g., Internet protocol (IP)) to
facilitate
communications associated with a mobile device. For example, the subject
innovation
can employ IPv4 and/or IPv6 (e.g., messaging in accordance with IPv4 and/or
IPv6) to
facilitate communication associated with a mobile device.
[0064] The subject innovation can facilitate efficient connection and
communication
between mobile devices and PDNs as compared to conventional systems, devices,
and
methods. For example, memory can be more efficiently utilized (e.g., amount of
memory used can be reduced) as the subject innovation can be utilized by
storing
information that facilitates identifying PDNs to be served in the
communication
environment. The subject innovation does not have to store identification
information
for each mobile device that desires to connect or is associated with the PDNs
or the
communication environment. Typically, there are many magnitudes more mobile
devices than PDNs in a communication environment, and thus tracking and
storing the
identification information related to PDNs can utilize significantly less
memory
resources and other resources as compared to tracking and storing the
identification
information (e.g., tunnel end point identifiers (TE IDs)) of mobile devices.
[0065] Referring to Fig. 2B, illustrated is a system 250 that can employ CMIP
to
facilitate connection and communication between a communication device and a
desired
PDN in accordance with another embodiment of the disclosed subject matter.
System
250 can include one or more mobile devices (e.g., three mobile devices, mobile
device
252, mobile device 254, and mobile device 256, are illustrated, however, the
subject
innovation also can have less than three mobile devices or more than three
mobile
devices). Each mobile device 252, 254, 256 can be communicatively connected to
a
base station(s) 102 (not shown in Fig. 2B, however, the base station 102 and
core
network associated therewith can be part of the access network 208) in a
wireless
communication environment. It is to be appreciated that each mobile device
252, 254,
256 can comprise the same or similar functionality as, respective mobile
devices (e.g.,
mobile device 116, mobile device 202) as more fully described herein, for
example,
with regard to system 100 and system 200.
[0066] In accordance with an aspect, one or more mobile devices (e.g., 252)
can
include a client-based MIP (e.g., CMIP, such as can be employed by an optional
C-
MAG, as described herein with regard to Fig. 10), where the mobile device 252
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comprising client-based MIP functionality (e.g., employing MIPv6 protocol or
variant
thereof) can facilitate establishing connectivity with a desired v-HA (e.g.,
220) that
serves a desired PDN (e.g., PDNl 212). The mobile device 252 can transmit a
message
(e.g., BU with NAI) to a selected v-HA (e.g., 220) to facilitate determining
the v-HA
that can serve a desired PDN in order to facilitate connecting and
communicating with
the desired PDN. The selected v-HA can communicate with the mobile device 252
to
provide information relating to whether the selected v-HA is the v-HA that
serves the
desired PDN.
[0067] For example, if the selected v-HA does not serve the desired PDN, the
selected v-HA can retrieve information from a database to determine which v-HA
does
serve the desired PDN. In such instance, the selected v-HA can transmit a HA-
switch
message to the mobile device 252, where the HA-switch message can indicate to
the
mobile device 252 that the selected v-HA is not the desired v-HA and/or can
provide the
mobile device 252 with information (e.g., v-HA identification, v-HA address)
that can
facilitate enabling the mobile device 252 to connect to the desired v-HA that
serves the
desired PDN. The mobile device 252 can transmit a message (e.g., BU with NAI)
to the
v-HA indicated in the HA-switch message. Thus, when CMIP is employed, it is
not
necessary to utilize a MAG, such as MAG 210 (e.g., as depicted in Fig. 2A). A
mobile
device 252 can facilitate connecting to a desired v-HA (e.g., 220) via a base
station 102
and core network (e.g., associated with access network 208), where the v-HA
(e.g., 220)
can facilitate creating a tunnel between MAG 218 and a desired h-HA (e.g.,
224) and
associated v-HA (e.g., 226) to facilitate connecting the mobile device 252 to
a desired
PDN (e.g., PDNl 212).
[0068] Referring to Fig. 3, depicted is a diagram 300 of the message flow
related to
HA-switching to facilitate connection a mobile device to a desired PDN in
accordance
with an aspect of the disclosed subject matter. Included in diagram 300 in
Fig. 3 is a
MAG 210, HA 216, MAG 218 (e.g., the combination of which can comprise a first
v-
HA), and h-HA 224, each of which can be the same or similar as, and/or can
contain the
same or similar functionality as, respective components, such as more fully
described
herein, for example, with regard to system 100 and/or system 200. Diagram 300
also
can include another HA 302 and another MAG 304, where for example, the
combination of HA 302 and MAG 304 can comprise a second v-HA. HA 302 can
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comprise the same or similar functionality as HA 216, and MAG 304 can comprise
the
same or similar functionality as MAG 218.
[0069] In one aspect, when a new mobile device (e.g., 204) enters the network
and/or desires to connect to a particular PDN, the MAG 210 can allocate a
local anchor
(306). The MAG 210 can select a v-HA, such as the first v-HA, from a pool of v-
HA
addresses that can be listed in a database that can be accessed by the MAG
210. The
MAG 210 can transmit a PBU, which can include the NAI of the mobile device, to
the
selected v-HA, the first v-HA, where HA 216 can receive the PBU (308). HA 216
can
access information regarding relationships between the v-HAs and the PDNs, and
can
analyze the predefined v-HA to PDN mapping (e.g., v-HA to PDN relationship
information) and the NAI to facilitate discovering the proper v-HA to be
employed to
facilitate connecting the mobile device to the desired PDN (310). If the first
v-HA is
not the proper v-HA, HA 216 can discover which v-HA is the proper v-HA (e.g.,
second
v-HA, as depicted) based at least in part on the predefined v-HA to PDN
mapping to
facilitate connecting the mobile device to the desired PDN (and h-HA); and HA
216 can
transmit a HA-switch message to the MAG 210, where the HA-switch message can
indicate that the first v-HA is not the proper v-HA and/or that the proper v-
HA is a
second v-HA (e.g., comprising HA 302 and MAG 304) (312). The MAG 210 can
transmit a PBU, which can include the NAI of the mobile device, to the proper
v-HA,
the second v-HA, where HA 302 can receive the PBU (314). The HA 302 can access
information such as the predefined v-HA to PDN mapping, and can analyze the
predefined v-HA to PDN mapping and the NAI to facilitate discovering whether
the
second v-HA is the proper v-HA to be employed to facilitate connecting the
mobile
device to the desired PDN (316). If and when the HA 302 determines that the
second v-
HA is the proper v-HA, the HA 302 can facilitate discovering the h-HA. The MAG
304
can transmit a PBU, which can include the NAI of the mobile device, to the
proper h-
HA (318). The h-HA can analyze the NAI and can determine the desired PDN to
which
the mobile device can be connected, and connection of the mobile device to the
desired
PDN can be facilitated (e.g., tunnel created between MAG 210 and the second v-
HA,
and second tunnel created between second v-HA and h-HA, where the two tunnels
are
concatenated).
[0070] Turning to Fig. 4, illustrated is a system 400 that can employ a v-HA
to
facilitate connection of a mobile device with a desired PDN in accordance with
an
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aspect of the disclosed subject matter. System 400 can comprise a v-HA that
can
include a HA 216 and a MAG 218, where the v-HA can receive a BU or PBU,
including
NAIs of mobile devices, and can access information regarding predefined v-HA
to PDN
mapping to facilitate selecting the proper v-HA to be employed to connect a
mobile
device to a desired PDN. HA 216 can comprise v-HAs, such as v-HA 220 and v-HA
222, that can be employed to connect a tunnel between a MAG (e.g., MAG 210)
and the
v-HA to facilitate establishing a connection to a desired h-HA (e.g., 224) and
a desired
PDN associated therewith. It is to be appreciated and understood that HA 216,
MAG
218, v-HA 220, and v-HA 222 each can be the same or similar as, and/or can
comprise
the same or similar functionality as, respective components, such as more
fully
described herein, for example, with regard to system 100, system 200, system
250,
and/or diagram 300.
[0071] In one aspect, HA216 can further include a processor 402 that can
comprise
a processor, microprocessor, and/or controller dedicated to analyzing
information
received by the HA 216, generating information for transmission by HA 216,
and/or
controlling one or more components of HA 216. HA 216 can also include an
evaluator
404 that can evaluate information received by the v-HA, where the information
can be
messages, such as BU or PBU that can include NAI of a mobile device,
predefined v-
HA to PDN mapping (e.g., information as to which v-HA to employ with regard to
a
particular PDN), address information regarding v-HAs and h-HAs, and/or other
information, to facilitate determining whether the v-HA is the proper v-HA to
use to
facilitate connecting a mobile device to a desired PDN or, if not the proper v-
HA,
determining which v-HA is the proper v-HA to use to facilitate connecting a
mobile
device to a desired PDN, and/or determining a h-HA (e.g., HA 224) associated
with the
desired PDN. In still another aspect, HA 216 can contain a selector 406 that
can
facilitate selecting a proper v-HA, which can be a v-HA associated with the
instant HA
216 or another v-HA, based at least in part on NAI associated with the mobile
device, IP
address information, and/or other information.
[0072] In another aspect, HA 216 can further comprise a mapper 408 that can
facilitate mapping a tunnel between MAG 210 and a v-HA (e.g., 220, 222) with a
tunnel
from MAG 218 to a v-HA (e.g., 226, 228) associated with a h-HA (e.g., HA 224)
to
facilitate communicating information incoming from a tunnel to the proper
outgoing
tunnel. The mapper 408 also can facilitate concatenating tunnels to link
tunnels to
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facilitate communication flow. For instance, a first tunnel between MAG 210
and a v-
HA (e.g., 220) that serves a specified PDN (e.g., PDNl 212) and a second
tunnel
between MAG 218 and a v-HA (e.g., 226) of the h-HA (e.g., 224) that serves the
specified PDN can be concatenated based at least in part on the mapping of the
first
tunnel to the second tunnel to facilitate communication flow from the MAG 210
and the
h-HA. In another aspect, the mapper 408 can be utilized to create mappings
between v-
HAs and respective PDNs. The v-HA to PDN mapping can be stored as desired. HA
216 also can contain a communicator 410 that can facilitate receiving and/or
transmitting information (e.g., receiving and/or transmitting data, receiving
BU or PBU,
receiving information from a desired database(s), transmitting HA-switch
message, etc.)
from and/or to HA 216.
[0073] In yet another aspect, HA 216 can include a data store 412 that can
store
information, such as mapping information to facilitate mapping incoming
tunnels to
outgoing tunnels (e.g., first tunnel to second tunnel associated with same
PDN), IP
address information, predefined v-HA to PDN mapping, information related to v-
HAs
and/or h-HAs, information related to determining a proper v-HA to use when
establishing a connection between a mobile device and desired PDN, and/or
other
information, related to establishing a connection between a mobile device and
desired
PDN, and/or information related to the HA 216 and communication in the
wireless
communication environment.
[0074] In accordance with an aspect, the data store 412 described herein can
comprise volatile memory and/or nonvolatile memory. By way of illustration,
and not
limitation, nonvolatile memory can include read only memory (ROM),
programmable
ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable
PROM (EEPROM), flash memory, and/or nonvolatile random access memory
(NVRAM). Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM), which can
act as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM
is
available in many forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM),
synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced
SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM
(DRRAM). The data store 412 is intended to comprise, without being limited to,
these
and any other suitable types of memory.
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[0075] In yet another aspect, MAG 218 can comprise a processor 414 that can
comprise a processor, microprocessor, and/or controller dedicated to analyzing
information received by the MAG 218, generating information for transmission
by
MAG 218, and/or controlling one or more components of MAG 218.
[0076] In yet another aspect, MAG 218 can include a data store 418 that can
store
information, such as mapping information to facilitate mapping incoming
tunnels to
outgoing tunnels (e.g., first tunnel to second tunnel associated with same
PDN), IP
address information, information related to v-HAs and/or h-HAs, information
related to
determining a proper v-HA to use when establishing a connection between a
mobile
device and desired PDN, and/or other information, related to establishing a
connection
between a mobile device and desired PDN, and/or information related to the MAG
218
and communication in the wireless communication environment. MAG 218 also can
contain a communicator 416 that can facilitate receiving and/or transmitting
information
(e.g., receiving and/or transmitting data, receiving and/or transmitting BU or
PBU,
receiving information from a desired database(s), etc.) from and/or to MAG
218.
[0077] In accordance with an aspect, the data store 418 described herein can
comprise volatile memory and/or nonvolatile memory. By way of illustration,
and not
limitation, nonvolatile memory can include read only memory (ROM),
programmable
ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable
PROM (EEPROM), flash memory, and/or nonvolatile random access memory
(NVRAM). Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM), which can
act as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM
is
available in many forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM),
synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced
SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM
(DRRAM). The data store 418 is intended to comprise, without being limited to,
these
and any other suitable types of memory.
[0078] With reference to Fig. 5, illustrated is a system 500 that can
facilitate
connecting a mobile device to a desired PDN to facilitate communication
associated
with the mobile device within a wireless communication environment in
accordance
with an aspect of the disclosed subject matter. System 500 can include a h-HA,
such as
HA 224, that can be connected with and can serve one or more PDNs. The h-HA
can
include one or more v-HAs, such as v-HA 224 and v-HA 226, that can be utilized
to
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facilitate connecting a mobile device, which can be connected to the v-HA via
another
component(s), to a desired PDN. It is to be appreciated and understood that HA
224, v-
HA 224, and v-HA 226 each can be the same or similar as, and/or can comprise
the
same or similar functionality as, respective components, such as more fully
described
herein, for example, with regard to system 100, system 200, system 250,
diagram 300,
and/or system 400. It is also to be appreciated and understood that while two
v-HAs are
depicted in Fig. 5, the subject innovation is not so limited, as the subject
innovation can
employ one v-HA or more than one v-HA up to virtually any desired number of v-
HAs.
[0079] In one aspect, the HA 224 can include a processor 502 that can comprise
a
processor, microprocessor, and/or controller dedicated to analyzing
information
received by the HA 224, generating information for transmission by HA 224,
and/or
controlling one or more components of HA 224, for example. In another aspect,
the HA
224 also can include a communicator 504 that can facilitate receiving and/or
transmitting information (e.g., receiving and/or transmitting data, receiving
BU or PBU,
receiving information from a desired database(s), etc.) from and/or to HA 224.
[0080] In yet another aspect, the HA 224 can comprise a data store 506 that
can
store information, such as received data, information that facilitates
establishing a
connection to another component(s), information that can facilitate
communication of
data, and/or other information, as well as information related to the mobile
device 116
and communication in the wireless communication environment. For instance,
when
facilitating establishing a connection the mobile device 116 and a desired
PDN, the HA
224 can retrieve desired information from the data store 506 and can provide
retrieved
information to one or more components (e.g., processor 502) of the HA 224 to
facilitate
communication associated with the mobile device 116 in the communication
environment.
[0081] In accordance with an aspect, the data store 506 described herein can
comprise volatile memory and/or nonvolatile memory. By way of illustration,
and not
limitation, nonvolatile memory can include read only memory (ROM),
programmable
ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable
PROM (EEPROM), flash memory, and/or nonvolatile random access memory
(NVRAM). Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM), which can
act as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM
is
available in many forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM),
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synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced
SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM
(DRRAM). The data store 506 is intended to comprise, without being limited to,
these
and any other suitable types of memory.
[0082] Referring to Figs. 6-9, methodologies relating to discovering a desired
v-HA
and h-HA to facilitate establishing a connection between a mobile device
(e.g., 116,
202) and a desired PDN (e.g., PDN1212) and communication by the mobile device
with the desired PDN are illustrated. While, for purposes of simplicity of
explanation,
the methodologies are shown and described as a series of acts, it is to be
understood and
appreciated that the methodologies are not limited by the order of acts, as
some acts can,
in accordance with one or more embodiments, occur in different orders and/or
concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein. For
example, those
skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that a methodology could
alternatively
be represented as a series of interrelated states or events, such as in a
state diagram.
Moreover, not all illustrated acts can be required to implement a methodology
in
accordance with one or more embodiments.
[0083] Fig. 6 illustrates a methodology 600 that can facilitate connecting a
mobile
device to a desired PDN in accordance with an aspect of the disclosed subject
matter.
Methodology 600 can facilitate connecting mobile devices to respective PDNs at
specified IP addresses, respectively, even if the PDNs utilize an IP
address(es) that
overlaps with an IP address(es) of another PDN(s).
[0084] At 602, a v-HA that serves a specified PDN can be determined based at
least
in part on a predefined v-HA to PDN mapping. In one aspect, a v-HA (e.g., v-HA
comprising HA 216) can receive a PBU (or BU) from a MAG 210 associated
therewith,
where the PBU can contain information (e.g., NAI) that can identify the
specified PDN
and/or a mobile device that desires to connect with the specified PDN. The MAG
can
be connected with the mobile device via an access network 208. The HA 216 can
analyze the NAI and the v-HA to PDN mapping, which can be retrieved from a
database
that can be accessed by HA 216, to determine whether the instant v-HA is the
correct v-
HA that serves the specified PDN. If the HA 216 determines that the instant v-
HA
serves the specified PDN, methodology 600 can proceed to reference numera1604.
If
the HA 216 determines that the instant v-HA does not serve the specified PDN,
HA 216
can send a HA-switch message to MAG 210 that can indicate the correct v-HA
(e.g., a
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v-HA that currently serves the specified PDN or a new v-HA that can serve the
specified PDN) to facilitate redirecting the PBU (or BU) to the correct v-HA.
The
MAG 210 can transmit a PBU to the correct v-HA that serves the specified PDN
based
at least in part on the information contained in the HA-switch message.
[0085] At 604, a message that can comprise information that can identify the
specified PDN can be transmitted from the v-HA to a h-HA discovered to be
associated
with the specified PDN to facilitate connecting the mobile device to the
specified PDN
at a predefined IP address. In accordance with an aspect, the HA (e.g., 216)
of the
correct v-HA (e.g., v-HA associated with HA 216) can determine (e.g.,
discover) the
correct h-HA (e.g., HA 224) that serves the specified PDN. The HA can transmit
a
PBU (or BU) to the correct h-HA that serves the specified PDN, where the PBU
(or
BU) can include information that can facilitate identifying the specified PDN
and/or the
mobile device that desires to connect to the specified PDN. The h-HA can
receive the
PBU (or BU), and based at least in part on the PBU (or BU), the h-HA can
facilitate
connecting the mobile device to the specified PDN.
[0086] In one aspect, a first tunnel can be created between the MAG 210 and a
desired v-HA (e.g., v-HA 220 associated with HA 216 of the correct v-HA). A
second
tunnel can be created between MAG 218 (of the correct v-HA) and the correct h-
HA
(e.g., HA 224). The first tunnel can be mapped to the second tunnel to
facilitate
connecting the mobile device to the correct h-HA, which can facilitate
connecting the
mobile device to the specified PDN served by the correct h-HA. For instance,
the first
tunnel and the second tunnel can be concatenated based at least in part on the
mapping
of the first tunnel to the second tunnel to facilitate communication flow
between the two
tunnels.
[0087] With reference to Fig. 7, illustrated is a methodology 700 that can
create a
mapping of v-HAs to PDNs to facilitate communications associated with a mobile
device in a wireless communication system in accordance with an aspect of the
disclosed subject matter. At 702, a mapping of v-HAs to respective PDNs can be
created. In one aspect, a HA (e.g., 216) can facilitate creating a mapping of
v-HAs to
respective PDNs in the communication environment. The mapping can be utilized
to
facilitate discovering a proper v-HA and/or h-HA to be utilized when
establishing a
connection of a mobile device to a desired PDN.
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[0088] At 704, the mapping of v-HAs to respective PDNs can be stored. In one
embodiment, a central database can be utilized, where the created mapping can
be
stored in the central database, which can be contained in a stand-alone data
store or can
be stored in a "master" HA. In accordance with another embodiment, multiple
HAs
(e.g., 216) each can have respective databases that each can have stored
therein the
mapping of v-HAs to respective PDNs, where each HA can have a data store in
which
the mapping database can be stored.
[0089] Turning to Fig. 8, illustrated is a methodology 800 that can facilitate
discovering a desired v-HA and h-HA to facilitate connecting a mobile device
to a
desired PDN in accordance with an aspect of the disclosed subject matter.
Often, a
number of PDNs can be associated with a communication environment, where two
or
more PDNs can have overlapping address spaces. Methodology 800 can facilitate
efficient connection of mobile devices to desired PDNs, respectively, while
also
ensuring that, even if there are overlapping address spaces, connection of and
communication by each mobile device is to the proper IP address and the proper
PDN.
[0090] At 802, a local anchor can be allocated. In one aspect, a mobile device
(e.g.,
202) can desire to connect and communicate with a specified PDN (e.g.,
PDN1212) in
a communication environment. The mobile device can be connected to a MAG 210
via
an access network 208. The MAG 210 can allocate a local anchor with regard to
the
mobile device. At 804, a PBU can be transmitted to a first v-HA. In one
aspect, the
MAG 210 can transmit a PBU to a first v-HA (e.g., v-HA comprising HA 216). The
PBU can include information, such as NAI, of the mobile device to facilitate
identifying
the PDN to which the mobile device desires to connect.
[0091] At 806, a v-HA to PDN mapping can be retrieved. In accordance with an
aspect, a v-HA to PDN mapping can be stored in a database that can be accessed
by HA
216. The mapping can be utilized to facilitate discovering the proper v-HA to
be
employed in order to connect the mobile device the desired PDN.
[0092] At 808, a determination can be made as to whether the instant v-HA is
the
proper HA. In one aspect, the HA 216 can evaluate the information in the PBU
(e.g.,
NAI) and the v-HA to PDN mapping to facilitate discovering the proper v-HA to
use to
connect the mobile device to the desired PDN. If it is determined that the
instant v-HA
(e.g., v-HAl, comprising HA 216) is the correct v-HA, at 810, a PBU can be
transmitted to a h-HA. In an aspect, if the HA 216 determines that the v-HA
with which
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it is associated is the proper v-HA based at least in part on the v-HA to PDN
mapping
and the received NAI, the HA 216 can transmit a PBU to a h-HA, as provided in
the v-
HA to PDN mapping, where the h-HA can be associated with the desired PDN. A
first
tunnel can be created between MAG 210 and the v-HA (e.g., 220), and a second
tunnel
can be created between MAG 218 and a v-HA (e.g., 226) associated with the HA
224
(e.g., h-HA). The first tunnel can be mapped to the second tunnel, and the
first tunnel
and second tunnel can be concatenated (e.g., linked) based at least in part on
the
mapping, to facilitate establishing the connection between the mobile device
(e.g., 202)
and the desired PDN (e.g., PDNl 212).
[0093] Referring again to reference numeral 808, if, at 808, it is determined
that the
instant v-HA is not the correct v-HA, at 812, a HA-switch message can be
transmitted.
In an aspect, if the HA 216 determines that the instant v-HA with which it is
associated
is not the proper v-HA, HA 216 can transmit a HA-switch message to MAG 210.
The
HA-switch message can indicate the instant v-HA is not the correct v-HA for
establishing a connection to the desired PDN and/or can indicate the correct v-
HA to be
used with regard to the desired PDN, as determined by HA 216 based at least in
part on
the v-HA to PDN mapping. At 814, a PBU can be transmitted to another v-HA. In
accordance with an aspect, the MAG 210 can transmit a PBU, including NAI,
associated with the mobile device to another v-HA (e.g., v-HA2, comprising HA
302).
If the HA-switch message included the address to the correct v-HA to be used
with
regard to the PDN, MAG 210 can select that v-HA and can transmit the PBU to
the v-
HA specified in the HA-switch message. If the HA-switch message did not
include the
address to the correct v-HA, MAG 210 can select a v-HA, as desired, from a
pool of
known v-HAs, which can be retrieved from a database, and can transmit the PBU
to the
selected v-HA. Methodology 800 can return to reference numera1806, where
methodology can continue to proceed from that point until the correct v-HA is
located,
and the correct v-HA transmits a PBU associated with the mobile device to the
h-HA
associated with the desired PDN to facilitate establishing a connection
between the
mobile device and the desired PDN.
[0094] Referring to Fig. 9, depicted is another methodology 900 that can
facilitate
discovering a desired v-HA and h-HA to facilitate connecting a mobile device
to a
desired PDN in accordance with an aspect of the disclosed subject matter.
Often, a
plurality of PDNs can be associated with a communication environment, where
two or
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more PDNs may have overlapping address spaces. Methodology 900 can facilitate
efficient connection of mobile devices to desired PDNs, respectively, while
also
ensuring that, even if there are overlapping address spaces, connection of
each mobile
device is to the correct IP address and correct PDN.
[0095] At 902, a BU can be received. In accordance with an aspect, a v-HA
(e.g., v-
HA comprising HA 216) can receive a BU from MAG 210. The BU can include
information (e.g., identification information) relating to a mobile device
that desires to
connect to particular PDN using a particular IP address that potentially could
overlap
with an IP address being used by another communication device with regard to a
disparate PDN in the communication environment. At 904, a v-HA to PDN mapping
can be retrieved. In one aspect, HA 216 can retrieve a v-HA to PDN mapping can
be
retrieved from a database that can be accessed by HA 216. The v-HA to PDN
mapping
can be utilized to facilitate determining whether the instant v-HA is the
correct v-HA to
be employed to facilitate connecting the mobile device to a h-HA associated
with the
desired PDN.
[0096] At 906, a determination can be made regarding whether the instant v-HA
is
the correct v-HA. In an aspect, the HA 216 can evaluate the received BU,
including
information that can identify the mobile device, and the v-HA to PDN mapping
to
determine whether the instant v-HA is the correct v-HA (e.g., v-HA associated
with
desired h-HA that is associated with the desired PDN, as provided in the v-HA
to PDN
mapping). If it is determined that the instant v-HA is the correct v-HA, at
908, the
desired h-HA can be discovered. In one aspect, if the HA 216 associated with
the
instant v-HA determines that the instant v-HA is the correct v-HA, the HA 216
can
discover the upstream h-HA (e.g., HA 224) that is associated with the desired
PDN.
The h-HA can be determined based at least in part on the v-HA to PDN mapping.
At
910, a BU can be transmitted to the h-HA. The h-HA can utilize the BU to
facilitate
connecting the mobile device to the desired PDN associated with the h-HA. In
another
aspect, a first tunnel can be created between MAG 210 and the v-HA (e.g.,
220), and a
second tunnel can be created between MAG 218 and a v-HA (e.g., 226) associated
with
the HA 224 (e.g., h-HA). The first tunnel can be mapped to the second tunnel
and the
first tunnel and second tunnel can be concatenated based at least in part on
the mapping
(e.g., utilizing the mapping), to facilitate establishing the connection
between the mobile
device (e.g., 202) and the desired PDN (e.g., PDNl 212).
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[0097] Referring again to reference numera1906, if, at 906, it is determined
that the
instant v-HA is not the correct v-HA, at 912, a determination can be made as
to whether
the desired PDN is served by another v-HA. According to an aspect, the HA 216
can
analyze the v-HA to PDN mapping to facilitate determining whether the desired
PDN is
currently served by another v-HA. If it is determined that the desired PDN is
currently
served by another v-HA, at 914, a HA-switch message, which can contain
information
that can facilitate redirecting to the correct v-HA, can be transmitted. In
one aspect, the
HA 216 can determine that the desired PDN is currently served by another v-HA,
based
at least in part on the v-HA to PDN mapping. HA 216 can transmit a HA-switch
message, which can contain information indicating the correct v-HA that is
serving the
desired PDN, to MAG 210. Methodology 900 can return to reference numera1904
and
can proceed from that point to discover the correct v-HA and h-HA, and
transmit a BU
to the h-HA that is serving the desired PDN.
[0098] Referring again to reference numera1912, if, at 912, it is determined
that the
desired PDN is not currently served by a v-HA, a HA-switch message, which can
contain information that can facilitate redirecting to a new v-HA to serve the
PDN, can
be transmitted. In an aspect, HA 216 can determine that the desired PDN is
currently
not being served by another v-HA, based at least in part on the v-HA to PDN
mapping.
HA 216 can transmit a HA-switch message to MAG 210. In one embodiment, HA 216
can select an available new v-HA that can be used to serve the desired PDN and
the
HA-switch message can contain information indicating the new v-HA that can
serve the
desired PDN. In another embodiment, the HA-switch message can provide a list
of
available new v-HAs that can be utilized to serve the desired PDN, and the MAG
210
can select a new v-HA from the list. In yet another embodiment, the HA-switch
message can indicate that the desired PDN is not currently served by a v-HA,
and MAG
210 can retrieve a list of available new v-HAs and can select a new v-HA that
can serve
the desired PDN. Methodology 900 can return to reference numera1904 and can
proceed from that point to discover the correct v-HA and h-HA, and transmit a
BU to
the h-HA that is serving the desired PDN.
[0099] It will be appreciated that, in accordance with one or more aspects
described
herein, inferences can be made relating to whether a particular v-HA can serve
or does
serve a particular PDN; discovering a h-HA that serves a desired PDN; and/or
communication associated with the mobile device(s) 116 in the network. As used
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herein, the term to "infer" or "inference" refers generally to the process of
reasoning
about or inferring states of the system, environment, and/or user from a set
of
observations as captured via events and/or data. Inference can be employed to
identify a
specific context or action, or can generate a probability distribution over
states, for
example. The inference can be probabilistic-that is, the computation of a
probability
distribution over states of interest based on a consideration of data and
events.
Inference can also refer to techniques employed for composing higher-level
events from
a set of events and/or data. Such inference results in the construction of new
events or
actions from a set of observed events and/or stored event data, whether or not
the events
are correlated in close temporal proximity, and whether the events and data
come from
one or several event and data sources.
[00100] For example, one or more methods presented above can include making an
inference(s) pertaining to whether a particular v-HA (e.g., new v-HA or
otherwise) can
serve a particular PDN, discovering a desired h-HA that can serve a desired
PDN, etc.
It will be appreciated that the foregoing examples are illustrative in nature
and are not
intended to limit the number of inferences that can be made or the manner in
which such
inferences are made in conjunction with the various embodiments and/or methods
described herein.
[00101] Fig. 10 is an illustration of a mobile device 1000 that can facilitate
communications associated with a mobile device in a wireless communication
system in
accordance with an aspect of the disclosed subject matter. It is to be
appreciated that the
mobile device 1000 can be the same or similar as, and/or can comprise the same
or
similar functionality as, mobile device (e.g., 116, 202, 252), as more
described herein,
for example, with regard to system 100, system 200, system 250, diagram 300,
system
400, system 500, methodology 600, methodology 700, methodology 800, and
methodology 900.
[00102] Mobile device 1000 can comprise a receiver 1002 that receives a signal
from, for instance, a receive antenna (not shown), and performs typical
actions thereon
(e.g., filters, amplifies, downconverts, etc.) the received signal and
digitizes the
conditioned signal to obtain samples. Receiver 1002 can be, for example, an
MMSE
receiver, and can comprise a demodulator 1004 that can demodulate received
symbols
and provide them to a processor 1006 for channel estimation. Processor 1006
can be a
processor dedicated to analyzing information received by receiver 1002 and/or
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generating information for transmission by a transmitter 1008, a processor
that controls
one or more components of mobile device 1000, and/or a processor that both
analyzes
information received by receiver 1002, generates information for transmission
by
transmitter 1008, and controls one or more components of mobile device 1000.
Mobile
device 1000 can also comprise a modulator 1010 that can work in conjunction
with the
transmitter 1008 to facilitate transmitting signals (e.g., data) to, for
instance, a base
station 102, another mobile device, etc.
[00103] In one aspect, the processor 1006 can be connected to an identifier
1012 that
can facilitate providing information that can identify the mobile device,
identifying a
desired PDN with which the mobile device 1000 desires to connect and
communicate,
and/or other information related to identification associated with the mobile
device
1000. In another aspect, the mobile device 1000 optionally can include a C-MAG
1014,
where when the C-MAG 1014 is included in mobile device 1000, the processor
1006
can be connected to a C-MAG 1014, which can facilitate transmitting a BU to a
desired
v-HA (e.g., v-HA 220) in accordance with CMIP in order to facilitate
establishing a
connection with a v-HA that serves a PDN to which a connection with the mobile
device 1000 is desired. The C-MAG 1014 also can receive a HA-switch message
from
a v-HA if it is determined by the v-HA that it is not the v-HA that serves the
desired
PDN. In such instance, the C-MAG 1014 can redirect (e.g., re-transmit) a BU
message
to the correct v-HA that serves the desired PDN based at least in part on the
HA-switch
message in order to facilitate connecting to the correct v-HA.
[00104] In still another aspect, the processor 1006 can be coupled to a data
store 1014
that can be operatively coupled to processor 1006 and can store data to be
transmitted,
received data, information related to base stations (e.g., base station 102),
information
related to the mobile device 1000, information related to a PDN(s) (e.g.,
PDN1212,
PDN2, 214), and/or any other suitable information that can facilitate
communication of
data associated with the mobile device 1000. Data store 1014 can additionally
store
protocols and/or algorithms associated with transmitting identifier
information (e.g.,
information that identifies the mobile device 1000 and/or identifies a PDN
with which a
connection and/or communication is desired), transmitting messages (e.g., BU)
to a v-
HA, receiving a HA-switch message, redirecting messages to another v-HA based
at
least in part on a received HA-switch message, storing information, retrieving
information, and/or other functions related to the mobile device 1000.
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[00105] In accordance with an aspect, the data store 1014 described herein can
comprise volatile memory and/or nonvolatile memory. By way of illustration,
and not
limitation, nonvolatile memory can include read only memory (ROM),
programmable
ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable
PROM (EEPROM), flash memory, and/or nonvolatile random access memory
(NVRAM). Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM), which can
act as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM
is
available in many forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM),
synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced
SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM
(DRRAM). The data store 1014 is intended to comprise, without being limited
to, these
and any other suitable types of memory. It is to be appreciated and understood
that the
data store can be a stand-alone unit (as depicted), can be included within the
processor
1006, can be incorporated within another component, and/or virtually any
suitable
combination thereof, as desired.
[00106] Fig. 11 is an illustration of a system 1100 that can facilitate
communications
associated with a mobile device in a wireless communication system in
accordance with
an aspect of the disclosed subject matter. System 1100 can comprise a base
station 102
(e.g., access point, ...). The base station 102 can include a receiver 1102
that can
receive signal(s) from one or more mobile devices 116 through a plurality of
receive
antennas 1104, and a transmitter 1106 that can transmit signals (e.g., data)
to the one or
more mobile devices 116 through a transmit antenna 1108. Receiver 1102 can
receive
information from receive antennas 1104 and can be operatively associated with
a
demodulator 1110 that can demodulate received information. Demodulated symbols
can be analyzed by a processor 1112 that can be a processor dedicated to
analyzing
information received by receiver 1102 and/or generating information for
transmission
by a transmitter 1106, a processor that controls one or more components of
base station
102, and/or a processor that both analyzes information received by receiver
1102,
generates information for transmission by transmitter 1106, and controls one
or more
components of base station 102. The base station 102 can also comprise a
modulator
1114 that can work in conjunction with the transmitter 1106 to facilitate
transmitting
signals (e.g., data) to, for instance, a mobile device 116, another device,
etc.
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[00107] Processor 1112 can be coupled to a data store 1116 that can store
information related to data to be transmitted, received data, information
related to base
stations (e.g., base station 102), information related to a mobile device
(e.g., 116),
and/or any other suitable information that can facilitate communication of
information
(e.g., voice, data) associated with a mobile device (e.g., 116). Data store
1116 can
additionally store protocols and/or algorithms associated with and
facilitating
communicating with a mobile device, another base station, or another device;
evaluating
information associated with a mobile device 116, the base station 102, or
another base
station (e.g., 502); selecting a base station with which a mobile device 116
can
communicate in the network, etc.
[00108] In accordance with an aspect, the data store 1116 described herein can
comprise volatile memory and/or nonvolatile memory. By way of illustration,
and not
limitation, nonvolatile memory can include read only memory (ROM),
programmable
ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable
PROM (EEPROM), flash memory, and/or nonvolatile random access memory
(NVRAM). Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM), which can
act as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM
is
available in many forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM),
synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced
SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM
(DRRAM). The data store 1116 is intended to comprise, without being limited
to, these
and any other suitable types of memory. It is to be appreciated and understood
that the
data store can be a stand-alone unit (as depicted), can be included within the
processor
1112, can be incorporated within another component, and/or virtually any
suitable
combination thereof, as desired.
[00109] Fig. 12 shows an example wireless communication system 1200 in
accordance with an aspect of the disclosed subject matter. The wireless
communication
system 1200 depicts one base station 1210 and one mobile device 1250 for sake
of
brevity. However, it is to be appreciated that system 1200 can include more
than one
base station and/or more than one mobile device, wherein additional base
stations and/or
mobile devices can be substantially similar or different from example base
station 1210
and mobile device 1250 described below. In addition, it is to be appreciated
that base
station 1210 and/or mobile device 1250 can employ the systems (Figs. 1, 2A,
2B, 4, 5,
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10-11) and/or methods (Figs. 6-9) described herein to facilitate wireless
communication
there between. It is to be appreciated that base station 1210 and mobile
device 1250
each can be respectively the same or similar as, and/or can comprise
respectively the
same or similar functionality as, respective components as more fully
described herein,
such as, for example, with regard to system 100, diagram 200, system 250,
diagram 300,
diagram 400, system 500, system 600, system 1000, and/or system 1100.
[00110] At base station 1210, traffic data for a number of data streams is
provided
from a data source 1212 to a transmit (TX) data processor 1214. According to
an
example, each data stream can be transmitted over a respective antenna. TX
data
processor 1214 formats, codes, and interleaves the traffic data stream based
on a
particular coding scheme selected for that data stream to provide coded data.
[00111] The coded data for each data stream can be multiplexed with pilot data
using
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques. Additionally or
alternatively, the pilot symbols can be frequency division multiplexed (FDM),
time
division multiplexed (TDM), or code division multiplexed (CDM). The pilot data
is
typically a known data pattern that is processed in a known manner and can be
used at
mobile device 1250 to estimate channel response. The multiplexed pilot and
coded data
for each data stream can be modulated (e.g., symbol mapped) based on a
particular
modulation scheme (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-
shift
keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation
(M-QAM), etc.) selected for that data stream to provide modulation symbols.
The data
rate, coding, and modulation for each data stream can be determined by
instructions
performed or provided by processor 1230.
[00112] The modulation symbols for the data streams can be provided to a TX
MIMO processor 1220, which can further process the modulation symbols (e.g.,
for
OFDM). TX MIMO processor 1220 then provides NT modulation symbol streams to NT
transmitters (TMTR) 1222a through 1222t. In various embodiments, TX MIMO
processor 1220 applies beamforming weights to the symbols of the data streams
and to
the antenna from which the symbol is being transmitted.
[00113] Each transmitter 1222 receives and processes a respective symbol
stream to
provide one or more analog signals, and further conditions (e.g., amplifies,
filters, and
upconverts) the analog signals to provide a modulated signal suitable for
transmission
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over the MIMO channel. Further, NT modulated signals from transmitters 1222a
through 1222t are transmitted from NT antennas 1224a through 1224t,
respectively.
[00114] At mobile device 1250, the transmitted modulated signals are received
by NR
antennas 1252a through 1252r and the received signal from each antenna 1252 is
provided to a respective receiver (RCVR) 1254a through 1254r. Each receiver
1254
conditions (e.g., filters, amplifies, and downconverts) a respective signal,
digitizes the
conditioned signal to provide samples, and further processes the samples to
provide a
corresponding "received" symbol stream.
[00115] An RX data processor 1260 can receive and process the NR received
symbol
streams from NR receivers 1254 based on a particular receiver processing
technique to
provide NT "detected" symbol streams. RX data processor 1260 can demodulate,
deinterleave, and decode each detected symbol stream to recover the traffic
data for the
data stream. The processing by RX data processor 1260 is complementary to that
performed by TX MIMO processor 1220 and TX data processor 1214 at base station
1210.
[00116] A processor 1270 can periodically determine which pre-coding matrix to
use
(discussed below). Further, processor 1270 can formulate a reverse link
message
comprising a matrix index portion and a rank value portion.
[00117] The reverse link message can comprise various types of information
regarding the communication link and/or the received data stream. The reverse
link
message can be processed by a TX data processor 1238, which also receives
traffic data
for a number of data streams from a data source 1236, modulated by a modulator
1280,
conditioned by transmitters 1254a through 1254r, and transmitted back to base
station
1210.
[00118] At base station 1210, the modulated signals from mobile device 1250
are
received by antennas 1224, conditioned by receivers 1222, demodulated by a
demodulator 1240, and processed by a RX data processor 1242 to extract the
reverse
link message transmitted by mobile device 1250. Further, processor 1230 can
process
the extracted message and can determine which precoding matrix to use for
determining
the beamforming weights.
[00119] Processors 1230 and 1270 can direct (e.g., control, coordinate,
manage, etc.)
operation at base station 1210 and mobile device 1250, respectively.
Respective
processors 1230 and 1270 can be associated with memory 1232 and 1272 that
store
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program codes and data. Processors 1230 and 1270 can also perform computations
to
derive frequency and impulse response estimates for the uplink and downlink,
respectively.
[00120] In an aspect, logical channels are classified into Control Channels
and
Traffic Channels. Logical Control Channels comprises Broadcast Control Channel
(BCCH) which is DL channel for broadcasting system control information. Paging
Control Channel (PCCH) which is DL channel that transfers paging information.
Multicast Control Channel (MCCH) which is Point-to-multipoint DL channel used
for
transmitting Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS) scheduling and
control information for one or several MTCHs. Generally, after establishing
RRC
connection this channel is only used by UEs that receive MBMS (Note: old
MCCH+MSCH). Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) is Point-to-point bi-directional
channel that transmits dedicated control information and used by UEs having an
RRC
connection. In an aspect, Logical Traffic Channels comprises a Dedicated
Traffic
Channel (DTCH) which is Point-to-point bi-directional channel, dedicated to
one UE,
for the transfer of user information. Also, a Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH)
for
Point-to-multipoint DL channel for transmitting traffic data.
[00121] In an aspect, Transport Channels are classified into DL and UL. DL
Transport Channels comprises a Broadcast Channel (BCH), Downlink Shared Data
Channel (DL-SDCH) and a Paging Channel (PCH), the PCH for support of UE power
saving (DRX cycle is indicated by the network to the UE), broadcasted over
entire cell
and mapped to PHY resources which can be used for other control/traffic
channels. The
UL Transport Channels comprises a Random Access Channel (RACH), a Request
Channel (REQCH), an Uplink Shared Data Channel (UL-SDCH) and plurality of PHY
channels. The PHY channels comprise a set of DL channels and UL channels.
[00122] The DL PHY channels can comprise: Common Pilot Channel (CPICH),
Synchronization Channel (SCH), Common Control Channel (CCCH), Shared DL
Control Channel (SDCCH), Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), Shared UL
Assignment Channel (SUACH), Acknowledgement Channel (ACKCH), DL Physical
Shared Data Channel (DL-PSDCH), UL Power Control Channel (UPCCH), Paging
Indicator Channel (PICH), Load Indicator Channel (LICH).
[00123] The UL PHY Channels can comprise: Physical Random Access Channel
(PRACH), Channel Quality Indicator Channel (CQICH), Acknowledgement Channel
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(ACKCH), Antenna Subset Indicator Channel (ASICH), Shared Request Channel
(SREQCH), UL Physical Shared Data Channel (UL-PSDCH), Broadband Pilot Channel
(BPICH).
[00124] In an aspect, a channel structure is provided that preserves low PAR
(at any
given time, the channel is contiguous or uniformly spaced in frequency)
properties of a
single carrier waveform.
[00125] It is to be understood that the embodiments described herein can be
implemented in hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, or any
combination thereof. For a hardware implementation, the processing units can
be
implemented within one or more application specific integrated circuits
(ASICs), digital
signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs),
programmable
logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors,
controllers,
micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform
the
functions described herein, or a combination thereof.
[00126] When the embodiments are implemented in software, firmware, middleware
or microcode, program code or code segments, they can be stored in a machine-
readable
medium, such as a storage component. A code segment can represent a procedure,
a
function, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a
software
package, a class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or
program
statements. A code segment can be coupled to another code segment or a
hardware
circuit by passing and/or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters,
or memory
contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. can be passed,
forwarded, or
transmitted using any suitable means including memory sharing, message
passing, token
passing, network transmission, etc.
[00127] For a software implementation, the techniques described herein can be
implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform
the
functions described herein. The software codes can be stored in memory units
and
executed by processors. The memory unit can be implemented within the
processor or
external to the processor, in which case it can be communicatively coupled to
the
processor via various means as is known in the art.
[00128] With reference to Fig. 13, illustrated is a system 1300 that can
facilitate
communication associated with a mobile device in a wireless communication
environment. For example, system 1300 can reside at least partially within a v-
HA. It
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is to be appreciated that system 1300 is represented as including functional
blocks,
which can be functional blocks that represent functions implemented by a
processor,
software, or combination thereof (e.g., firmware). System 1300 includes a
logical
grouping 1302 of electrical components that can act in conjunction.
[00129] For instance, logical grouping 1302 can include an electrical
component for
determining a v-HA that serves a specified PDN based at least in part on
predefined v-
HA to PDN mapping 1304. For instance, electrical component 1304 can receive
information, such as a PBU or BU from a MAG (e.g., 210) or mobile device
(e.g., 252),
that can facilitate identifying a specified PDN to which a mobile device
(e.g., 202, 252)
desires to connect. Electrical component 1304 can evaluate a v-HA to PDN
mapping
that can be retrieved from a database and the received information (e.g., PBU)
to
determine whether the instant v-HA is the correct v-HA that serves the
specified PDN.
[00130] Further, logical grouping 1302 can comprise an electrical component
for
transmitting a HA-switch message 1306. In one aspect, the electrical component
1306
can transmit a HA-switch message to a MAG 210 or mobile device (e.g., 252), if
it is
determined that the instant v-HA is not the v-HA that serves the specified
PDN. The
HA-switch message can contain information, such as information that can
indicate that
the instant v-HA is not the v-HA that serves the specified PDN, information
indicating
the correct v-HA that serves the specified PDN, and/or other information. The
correct
v-HA can be determined based at least in part on the v-HA to PDN mapping.
[00131] Logical grouping 1302 also can include an electrical component for
determining a h-HA that serves the specified PDN 1308. In an aspect, the
electrical
component 1308 can analyze received information (e.g., PBU, BU), which can
identify
the specified PDN and/or the mobile device that desires to connect to the
specified
PDN, and/or other information, which can facilitate determining the h-HA
(e.g., HA
224) that serves the specified PDN.
[00132] Logical grouping 1302 can further include an electrical component for
transmitting information to a h-HA that serves the specified PDN 1310. In one
aspect,
electrical component 1310 can transmit information, such as a PBU or BU, that
can
facilitate connecting the mobile device to the specified PDN. The transmitted
information can be information that can facilitate identifying the specified
PDN and/or
the mobile device that desires to connect with the specified PDN.
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[00133] Additionally, system 1300 can include a memory 1312 that can retain
instructions for executing functions associated with electrical components
1304, 1306,
1308, and 1310. While shown as being external to memory 1312, it is to be
understood
that one or more of electrical components 1304, 1306, 1308, and 1310 can exist
within
memory 1312.
[00134] Turning to Fig. 14, illustrated is a system 1400 that can facilitate
communication associated with a mobile device in a wireless communication
environment. For example, system 1400 can reside at least partially within a
MAG
(e.g., MAG 210) that can be associated (e.g., wirelessly connected) with a
mobile device
(e.g., 116) via an access network 208. It is to be appreciated that system
1400 is
represented as including functional blocks, which can be functional blocks
that
represent functions implemented by a processor, software, or combination
thereof (e.g.,
firmware). System 1400 includes a logical grouping 1402 of electrical
components that
can act in conjunction.
[00135] In one aspect, logical grouping 1402 can include an electrical
component for
transmitting information that can facilitate discovering a v-HA that serves a
specified
PDN 1404. According to an aspect, electrical component 1404 can transmit
information, such as PBU (or BU) that can comprise an NAI associated with the
mobile
device, to a selected v-HA, where such information can facilitate determining
(e.g.,
discovering) a v-HA that serves a specified PDN. The selected v-HA can receive
and
analyze the information, as well as a predefined v-HA to PDN mapping, to
determine
whether the v-HA serves the specified PDN. Further, logical grouping 1402 can
comprise an electrical component for connecting to a v-HA that serves the
specified
PDN 1406. In one aspect, electrical component 1406 can establish a connection
to a v-
HA that has been determined to serve the specified PDN.
[00136] Logical grouping 1402 also can include an electrical component for
redirecting information, which can facilitate connecting a mobile device to
the specified
PDN, to a v-HA that serves the specified PDN 1408. In one aspect, if it has
been
determined that the instant v-HA does not serve the specified PDN based at
least in part
on the predefined v-HA to PDN mapping, the instant v-HA can determine which v-
HA
does serve the specified PDN, and can transmit a HA-switch message to an
electrical
component associated with electrical component 1408. Based at least in part on
the
information contained in the HA-switch message, the electrical component 1408
can
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redirect information, such as PBU (or BU) comprising NAI associated with the
mobile
device, which can facilitate connecting the mobile device to the specified
PDN, to a v-
HA that serves the specified PDN, as determined based at least in part on the
predefined
v-HA to PDN mapping. Additionally, system 1400 can include a memory 1410 that
can
retain instructions for executing functions associated with electrical
components 1404,
1406, and 1408. While shown as being external to memory 1410, it is to be
understood
that one or more of electrical components 1404, 1406, and 1408 can exist
within
memory 1410.
[00137] What has been described above includes examples of one or more
embodiments. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable
combination
of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the aforementioned
embodiments, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many
further
combinations and permutations of various embodiments are possible.
Accordingly, the
described embodiments are intended to embrace all such alterations,
modifications and
variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Furthermore, to
the extent that the term "includes" is used in either the detailed description
or the
claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term
"comprising" as "comprising" is interpreted when employed as a transitional
word in a
claim.
