Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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DISHWASHER AND METHOD FOR CLEANING WASH WARE
The invention relates to a dishwasher and to a method for cleaning wash ware
in a
dishwasher.
The invention relates, in particular, to a method for cleaning wash ware in a
dishwasher, in
particular a commercial dishwasher, which is in the form of a program-
controlled ware
washer. Furthermore, the invention relates to a dishwasher, in particular a
commercial
dishwasher, in the form of a program-controlled ware washer.
Programme-controlled ware washers are dishwashers which can be manually loaded
and
unloaded. Programme-controlled ware washers (called box-type ware washers or
even
batch dishwashers) may be called hood-type dishwashers or even hood-type ware
washers
or may be front loader dishwashers (front loader ware washers). Front loader
dishwashers
may be under-counter machines, top-counter machines or else free-standing
front loaders.
Examples of wash ware include plates, cups, pots, trays, knives, forks,
spoons, glasses and
other kitchen utensils.
WO 2006/037447 Al discloses a dishwasher in the form of a program-controlled
ware
washer, in which the following method steps are run through successively: a
wash phase, in
which wash liquid is sprayed from a tank by means of wash pump through a wash
line
system into a treatment chamber and can flow back from the treatment chamber
into the
tank because of the force of gravity; a rinse phase, in which heated fresh
water as the rinse
liquid is sprayed from a fresh-water feed line by means of a rinse pump
through a rinse line
system into the treatment chamber and can flow from the treatment chamber into
the tank
because of the force of gravity; a steam phase, in which steam is generated
from heated
fresh water from a fresh-water feed line by means of a steam generator and is
conducted
into the treatment chamber by the rinse line system. Provision is optionally
made for the
wash ware to be dried after the steam phase by air being blown in or to be
cooled by letting
water in. A booster can alternatively be used to heat up the fresh water for
the rinsing or for
steam generation.
EP 1 738 677 A2 discloses a domestic dishwasher which is designed for the
following
procedure: a wash phase, during which wash liquid is sprayed by means of a
pump from a
sump via spray nozzles into a washing chamber which is designed to accommodate
wash
ware. Wash liquid is then pumped away, and the sump is filled with fresh water
which is
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then conveyed by the same pump as the wash liquid previously to the same spray
nozzles
as the wash liquid previously. The transition from the sump to the pump
contains a heater
for heating the wash liquid, with it being possible for the rinse liquid to be
heated or left
unheated during the rinse phase. The rinse phase is followed by a steam phase,
in which
fresh water from the sump is evaporated by means of the heater and is
conducted via the
said spray nozzles into the treatment chamber. The steam phase may be followed
by a
drying phase, in which the heated wash ware dries.
Commercial dishwashers require water, detergent, rinse aid and energy in order
to clean
wash ware. The consumption of detergent and rinse aid is proportionally
dependant on the
water consumption per wash cycle. This is also true of the heating energy at a
constant
water admission temperature.
A commercial dishwasher usually has two water circuits which are completely
separate
from each other. These two water circuits comprise a circuit which is
responsible for
washing and through which used water from the wash tank is conducted, and a
fresh-water
circuit which is responsible for rinsing and uses fresh water from a boiler.
The main object of the rinse phase is to remove the wash-liquid residues (lye)
which are
found on the wash ware. The rinse liquid (pure fresh water or fresh water
mixed with rinse
aid) which is sprayed during the rinse phase flows into the wash tank and then
also serves
to regenerate the wash liquid.
Before new rinse liquid is conducted into the wash tank during the rinse
phase, the same
quantity of wash liquid is pumped out of the wash tank
At the basis of conventional dishwashers which are known from the prior art
and are in the
form of program-controlled ware washers is a fresh-water or rinse-liquid
consumption of
2.4 to 3.5 litres per wash cycle.
The invention seeks to provide a way of reducing the quantity of fresh water
and
quantity of rinse liquid required for cleaning wash ware, without the
efficiency of
the cleaning of the wash ware being adversely affected.
The invention seeks to achieve this by means of a method for cleaning wash
ware
in a dishwasher, in particular in a commercial dishwasher, which is in the
form of
a program-controlled ware washer and has a treatment chamber for accommodating
the wash ware
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which is to be cleaned, wherein the method has the following program-
controlled method
steps which are to be executed successively: a wash phase, in which wash
liquid is sprayed
from a tank (wash tank) by means of a wash pump through a wash line system
into the
treatment chamber and can flow back into the tank from the treatment chamber
because of
the force of gravity; and a rinse phase, in which rinse fluid is conducted
into the treatment
chamber.
The term "rinse fluid" used here is to be understood as meaning any gaseous or
vaporous or
liquid substance which is sprayed into the treatment chamber of the dishwasher
during the
rinse phase or is supplied to the treatment chamber of the dishwasher in some
other way,
with the aim of removing the wash-liquid residues (lye) which are to be found
on the wash
ware after the wash phase.
With regard to the method for cleaning wash ware, the present invention is
characterized in
that the rinse phase is composed of a fresh-water rinse phase and a steam
rinse phase.
During the fresh-water rinse phase, a rinse liquid is sprayed from a rinse-
liquid supply
device by means of a rinse pump through a rinse line system into the treatment
chamber of
the dishwasher. The rinse liquid sprayed into the treatment chamber during the
fresh-water
rinse phase can subsequently flow into the wash tank of the dishwasher because
of the
force of gravity. A suitable rinse-liquid supply device, from which the rinse
liquid is
removed during the fresh-water rinse phase, is, in particular, a fresh-water
tank, in which
fresh water and, if appropriate, rinse aid which is metered into the fresh
water are stored, or
a boiler, in which the rinse liquid (i.e. the fresh water and the rinse aid
which, if
appropriate, is metered into the fresh water) can optionally be heated.
During the steam rinse phase, rinse liquid (i.e. pure fresh water or fresh
water with rinse aid
metered in) is evaporated with the aid of a steam generator connected to a
fresh-water feed
line, and the steam generated in such a manner is conducted into the treatment
chamber of
the dishwasher.
It is provided here, as being particularly essential to the invention, that a
total of 0.5 to
2.0 litres of rinse liquid per unit area of 500 mm x 500 mm, which is enclosed
by the wall
of the treatment chamber in a top view of the treatment chamber, and
preferably a total of
1.0 to 1.7 litres of rinse liquid per unit area of 500 mm x 500 mm, which is
enclosed by the
wall of the treatment chamber in a top view of the treatment chamber, are
sprayed into the
treatment chamber of the dishwasher during the fresh-water rinse phase.
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The abovementioned rinse-liquid quantities are each based on a unit area of
500 mm x 500 mm, since the accommodating capacity of a dishwasher in the form
of a
program-controlled ware washer is usually described or can be described with
the aid of the
unit area size of 500 mm x 500 mm. This unit area size is derived from the
area of a utensil
basket customarily used in a dishwasher.
As a rule, the area of a utensil basket used for inserting the wash ware into
the treatment
chamber of the dishwasher is 500 mm x 500 mm. A dishwasher, the treatment
chamber of
which is designed for accommodating a single utensil basket, is therefore
approximately
500 mm x 500 mm in size in a top view of the treatment chamber. A dishwasher
which is
designed for simultaneously accommodating two utensil baskets therefore has a
treatment
chamber which has, in a top view of the treatment chamber, an area which is
enclosed by
the wall of the treatment chamber and corresponds to two unit areas of 500 mm
x 500 mm.
The present invention is based on the finding that the steam conducted into
the treatment
chamber during the steam rinse phase can be used for removing residue wash
liquid, in
particular lye, from the surfaces of the wash ware. Accordingly, it is
possible for only some
of the wash-liquid residues remaining on the surfaces of the wash ware after
the wash
phase to be rinsed off during the fresh-water rinse phase, by the rinse liquid
being sprayed
into the treatment chamber of the dishwasher. The remaining amount of wash-
liquid
residues is removed with the aid of the steam conducted into the treatment
chamber of the
dishwasher during the steam rinse phase.
Owing to the fact that, according to the invention, the rinse phase is
composed, firstly, of a
fresh-water rinse phase and, secondly, of a steam rinse phase, the total water
consumption
per cleaning cycle can be reduced, with the energy to be applied per cleaning
cycle and the
chemical costs being reduced at the same time.
Tests have shown that steam which condenses on the surfaces of wash ware has
extremely
good rinsing-off effects. The steam introduced into the treatment chamber of
the
dishwasher during the steam rinse phase is distributed uniformly in the
treatment chamber
in accordance with the second fundamental law of thermodynamics, and therefore
said
steam which is introduced into the treatment chamber in particular even
reaches wash-ware
shadow zones which may possibly be present, i.e. surfaces of the wash ware
which are not
directly reachable by the spray jet. Put another way, this means that the
steam introduced
into the treatment chamber of the dishwasher during the steam rinse phase
reaches every
surface of the wash ware within the treatment chamber irrespective of the
position and the
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orientation of the surface of the wash ware and can be deposited substantially
in equal parts
(uniformly) on the surfaces of the wash ware. This advantageous effect cannot
be achieved
in the case of a rinse phase which merely comprises a fresh-water rinse phase,
in which
rinse liquid rather than any steam is sprayed into the treatment chamber.
Surfaces of wash ware, which, on account of their geometrical shape, do not
permit fluid to
flow off from them because of gravity, i.e. do not permit liquid to flow off
from them
because of the force of gravity, provide restrictions with regard to the use
of steam as a
rinsing medium. These restrictions may occur, for example, in the case of wash
ware
having depressions in the base, such as, for example, in the case of small
bowls or glasses,
if said wash ware is correspondingly positioned in the treatment chamber of
the dishwasher
and the orientation of at least some of the surfaces of the wash ware does not
permit liquid
to flow off from them in a gravity-induced manner.
The restriction discussed above means that a steam rinse phase alone is, under
some
circumstances, not sufficient as a rinse phase to achieve a good cleaning
result. For this
reason, according to the present invention, the rinse phase used for rinsing
off the wash-
liquid residues remaining on the surfaces of the wash ware after the wash
phase is
composed of the steam rinse phase and the fresh-water rinse phase. It has been
shown that
only the combination of a fresh-water rinse phase and a steam rinse phase
supplies a
thoroughly satisfactory cleaning result.
In comparison to a rinse phase carried out in a conventional dishwasher known
from the
prior art, with the solution according to the invention, in which the fresh-
water rinse phase
is employed in conjunction with the steam rinse phase, the quantity of fresh
water used in
total during the rinse phase can be significantly reduced.
In a preferred realization of the method according to the invention, it is
provided that a
standard wash phase is followed by the previously described fresh-water rinse
phase
carried out with a reduced quantity of fresh water of 0.5 to 2.0 litres, and
preferably with a
reduced quantity of fresh water of 1.0 to 1.7 litres. This fresh-water rinse
phase is followed
by the steam rinse phase, in which the wash-liquid residues still remaining on
the surfaces
of the wash ware after the fresh-water rinse phase are completely rinsed off
with the aid of
the steam introduced into the treatment chamber of the dishwasher. This steam
rinse phase
employs a total quantity of fresh water of 0.05 to 0.25 litre, and preferably
a quantity of
fresh water of 0.10 to 0.15 litre in steam form. The quantities of fresh water
stated for this
preferred realization of the solution according to the invention are always
based on a
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dishwasher in the form of a program-controlled ware washer, the treatment
chamber of
which is designed for a utensil basket of 500 mm x 500 mm, and therefore a
unit area of
500 mm x 500 mm is enclosed by the wall of the treatment chamber in a top view
of the
treatment chamber.
In the abovementioned, preferred realization of the solution according to the
invention, the
steam rinse phase lasts for a total of approximately 5 to 60 seconds, and
preferably for a
total of approximately 10 to 30 seconds.
Following the steam rinse phase, a condensation and draining phase is then
carried out,
which phase lasts for a defined time, and in which the steam conducted into
the treatment
chamber of the dishwasher during the steam rinse phase can at least partially
condense on
the surfaces of the wash ware, can drain and flow into the wash tank because
of the force of
gravity. The abovementioned condensation and draining phase preferably lasts
for
approximately 10 to 60 seconds, and even more preferably approximately 20 to
30 seconds.
In comparison to the currently customary cleaning methods used in dishwashers -
in the
case of the abovementioned preferred realization of the method according to
the invention,
approx. 1 litre of fresh water and a corresponding quantity of detergent and
rinse aid and
approx. 50 to 200 kJ of energy can be saved per wash or rinsing cycle.
The invention seeks to provide an apparatus by means of a dishwasher, in
particular
by means of a commercial dishwasher, in the form of a program-controlled ware
washer which is designed for executing the above-described method according to
the
invention. In this case, the dishwasher has a program-control device for
executing at least one cleaning program; a treatment chamber into which wash
ware can be manually inserted and from which said wash ware can be removed; a
tank
(wash tank) down into which liquid from the treatment chamber can flow because
of the
force of gravity; a wash system with a wash pump and a wash line system for
conveying
wash liquid from the wash tank through wash nozzles into the treatment chamber
during a
wash phase; a. fresh-water rinse system with at least one rinse pump and at
least one rinse
line system for conveying rinse liquid from a fresh-water supply device
through rinse
nozzles into the treatment chamber during a fresh-water rinse phase; and a
steam rinse
system with a steam generator, which is connected to a fresh-water feed line,
for generating
steam and for conducting the steam via a steam line into the treatment chamber
during a
steam rinse phase. In this case, the program-control device is designed in
such a manner
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that first the wash phase, then the fresh-water rinse phase and thereafter the
steam rinse
phase are executed.
The dishwasher according to the invention is distinguished in that the program-
control
device and the fresh-water rinse system controlled by it are designed to spray
a total of 0.5
to 2.0 litres of rinse liquid per unit area of 500 mm x 500 mm, which is
enclosed by the
wall of the treatment chamber in a top view of the treatment chamber, and
preferably a
total of 1.0 to 1.7 litres of rinse liquid per unit area of 500 mm x 500 mm,
which is
enclosed by the wall of the treatment chamber in a top view of the treatment
chamber,
during the fresh-water rinse phase.
The invention is described below using preferred embodiments of the dishwasher
according to the invention with reference to the attached drawings, in which
Fig. 1 schematically shows a dishwasher, in particular a commercial
dishwasher, in the
form of a program-controlled ware washer, according to a first embodiment;
and
Fig. 2 schematically shows a dishwasher, in particular a commercial
dishwasher, in the
form of a program-controlled ware washer, according to a second embodiment.
The dishwasher 1 according to the invention contains a treatment chamber 2 for
cleaning
wash ware (not illustrated). A wash tank 4 in which liquid can flow back out
of the
cleaning chamber 2 because of the force of gravity is arranged under the
treatment chamber
2. The wash tank 4 can be covered at the transition to the treatment chamber 2
with the aid
of a strainer (not illustrated). The wash tank 4 contains wash liquid 6, which
is usually
water, to which detergent can optionally be automatically supplied by a
detergent-metering
apparatus (not illustrated). The wash liquid 6 can be conveyed by a wash pump
8 via a
wash line system 10 to wash nozzles 7 and 9 and can be sprayed through said
wash nozzles
7, 9 in the treatment chamber 2 onto the wash ware to be cleaned. The sprayed
wash liquid
6 subsequently flows back into the wash tank 4. A discharge line 3 with a
discharge pump
11 can be connected to the lower end 5 of the wash tank for the purpose of
emptying the
wash tank 4, if the need arises.
In the embodiment, illustrated in Fig. 1, of the dishwasher 1 according to the
invention, the
intake side of a first rinse pump 12 is connected to an outlet 35 of a boiler
21. The boiler 21
furthermore has an inlet 22 which is connected to a fresh-water feed line 28
and via which
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either fresh water or fresh water with rinse aid metered into it is supplied
to the boiler 21.
In the boiler 21, the liquid (pure fresh water or fresh water with rinse aid
metered into it)
which is supplied via the inlet 22 is heated up in accordance with the
stipulations of a
process sequence. Via the first rinse pump 12, the intake side of which is
connected to the
boiler outlet 35, the rinse liquid which is heated up in the boiler 21 can be
supplied, for
example during a fresh-water rinse phase, via a rinse line system 15, 15a to
rinse nozzles
33 and 34, respectively. The rinse nozzles 33 and 34 are arranged in the
treatment chamber
2 in order to spray the rinse liquid heated in the boiler 21 onto the wash
ware in the
treatment chamber 2. Of course, however, it is also conceivable for the boiler
21 to be
supplied via the inlet 22 and the fresh-water feed line 28 with pure fresh
water into which a
rinse aid is metered after the fresh water has been heated in the boiler 21.
Furthermore, in the embodiment, illustrated in Fig. 1, of the dishwasher 1
according to the
invention, a second rinse pump 13 is provided, the intake side of which is
connected to a
fresh-water tank 14 and the delivery side of which is connected to a rinse
line system 15,
15b. The rinse line system 15b which extends from the delivery side of the
second rinse
pump 13, and the rinse line system 15a which extends from the delivery side of
the first
rinse pump 12 merge into a common rinse line system 15. By means of the second
rinse
pump 13 which is connected to the fresh water tank 14, unheated rinse liquid
can be
conveyed to the rinse nozzles 33 and 34 arranged in the treatment chamber 2 in
order to
spray unheated rinse liquid onto the wash ware, if the need arises.
The fresh-water tank 14 has an inlet 37 which is connected to a fresh-water
feed line 31.
Either pure fresh water or fresh water with rinse aid metered into it is
supplied via this
fresh-water feed line 31 to the fresh-water tank 14. Of course, however, it is
also
conceivable to arrange, downstream of the outlet 36 of the fresh-water tank
14, a metering
device, not illustrated in Fig. 1, for the metering in of rinse aid.
The wash nozzles 7, 9 and the rinse nozzles 33, 34 are respectively preferably
arranged
above and below the wash ware region and directed towards the wash ware region
of the
treatment chamber 2. In the embodiment, illustrated in Fig. 1, of the
dishwasher 1
according to the invention, an upper wash-nozzle system and an upper rinse-
nozzle system
formed separately therefrom, and a lower wash-nozzle system and a lower rinse-
nozzle
system formed separately therefrom are provided. Of course, however, it would
also be
conceivable to provide an upper and a lower wash-nozzle system which together
serve to
spray wash liquid and to spray rinse liquid. Instead of being arranged at the
bottom and top,
the wash nozzles 7, 9 and/or the rinse nozzles 33, 34 may also be arranged
only at the top
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or only at the bottom, or instead or in addition, also on one side of the
treatment chamber 2
and directed into the wash ware region transversely with respect to the
treatment chamber
2.
In the embodiment, illustrated in Fig. 1, of the dishwasher 1 according to the
invention, both the boiler 21 and the fresh-water tank 14 are connected via
fresh-
water feed lines 24, 26, 28, 29 and 31 to a return-prevention means 16. The
return-
prevention means 16 serves to prevent fresh water from being able to be sucked
back
into a fresh-water feed line 17 from the intake side of the first rinse pump
12 and/or
from the intake side of the second rinse pump 13.
The return-prevention means 16 has an outlet 40 which is connected via fresh-
water feed
lines 24 and 41 to a water-softening device 39. The water-softening device 39
has, firstly, a
salt container 42 which is connected to the fresh-water feed line 41 and,
secondly, first and
second water softeners 39a, 39b which are arranged parallel to each other. The
two water
softeners 39a, 39b which are arranged parallel to each other are connected via
a
corresponding fresh-water line system and the fresh-water feed line 24 to the
outlet 40 of
the return-prevention means 16. The water softeners 39a, 39b of the water-
softening device
39 can be operated alternately by suitable activation of the valves 43, in
order to soften the
fresh water supplied to the boiler 21 via the fresh-water feed lines 26 and 28
and to soften
the fresh water supplied to the fresh-water tank 14 via the fresh-water feed
lines 26, 29 and
31.
The salt container 42 belonging to the water-softening device 39 contains a
suitable salt or
a suitable chemical with which, when the need arises, a water-softening agent
metered in
via the water softeners 39a and 39b or a decomposition product produced when a
water-
softening agent is metered in can be suitably regenerated. The salt container
42 can be
topped up with the salt or the chemical from the treatment chamber 2 of the
dishwasher 1
via an opening which can be closed by a cover 44.
In the illustrated and preferred embodiment of the dishwasher 1 according to
the invention,
the boiler 21 has an integrated steam generator 20. A corresponding steam
outlet 23 of the
steam generator 20 is formed on the upper region of the boiler 21. The steam
outlet 23 of
the steam generator 20 is connected via a steam line 32 to the treatment
chamber 2 at a
location 37 above the wash tank 4 in order, when the need arises, to conduct
the steam
generated in the steam generator 20 into said treatment chamber. The outlet
opening of the
steam line 32 is preferably located between the upper nozzles 7, 33 and the
lower nozzles
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9, 34 of the wash line system 10 and of the rinse line system 15. Of course,
however, other
positions are also possible.
The boiler 21, which serves not only to heat the rinse liquid but also to
generate steam,
contains a heater 45. Furthermore, a level sensor 46 which controls, for
example, a valve
19 of the fresh-water line 17 may be arranged in or on the boiler.
In the preferred embodiment, illustrated in Fig. 1, of the dishwasher 1
according to the
invention, it is optionally possible, by means of the provision of the fresh-
water tank 14
and the second rinse pump 13, also to supply non-heated rinse liquid via the
rinse line
system 15b and 15 to the rinse nozzles 33 and 34, respectively. Accordingly,
it is possible,
by means of suitable activation, for example of the rinse pumps 12, 13, and/or
by means of
suitable activation, for example of the valves 19, 27 and 30 arranged in the
fresh-water feed
lines to the fresh-water tank 14 and the boiler 21, to supply non-heated or
heated rinse
liquid to the treatment chamber 2.
A program-control device 50 for controlling at least one cleaning program is
designed in
such a manner and is connected to the controllable components of the
dishwasher, for
example to the valves 19, 27 and 30, to the wash pump 8, to the first rinse
pump 12, to the
second rinse pump 13, and/or to a heater control circuit for controlling the
heater 45, in
order to realize a cleaning method (cleaning cycle) with the following steps
(phases) to be
executed successively:
1. A wash phase, in which wash liquid is sprayed from the wash tank 4 by means
of
the wash pump 8 through the wash line system 10 into the treatment chamber 2
and
can then flow back into the wash tank 4 from the treatment chamber 2 because
of
the force of gravity;
2. A fresh-water rinse phase, in which heated or unheated fresh water or fresh
water
with rinse aid metered into it, as the rinse liquid, is sprayed by means of
the first
rinse pump 12 and the second rinse pump 13 into the treatment chamber 2 and
can
then flow into the wash tank 4 from the treatment chamber 2 because of the
force of
gravity; and
3. A steam rinse phase, which follows the fresh-water rinse phase and in which
steam
generated by the steam generator 20 is introduced into the treatment chamber 2
via
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the steam line 32, which is formed separately from the wash line system 10 and
separately from the rinse line system 15.
Furthermore, the program controller 50 is preferably designed in such a manner
that a
condensation and draining phase is executed for a specific period of time in a
program-
controlled manner following the steam rinse phase, during which period of time
steam
introduced into the treatment chamber 2 during the steam rinse phase can
condense and can
drain from the treatment chamber 2 into the wash tank 4, before the end of the
program is
reached.
Fig. 2 schematically provides a dishwasher, in particular a commercial
dishwasher, in the
form of a program-controlled ware washer according to the second preferred
embodiment
of the solution according to the invention. In contrast to the first
embodiment illustrated in
Fig. 1, the dishwasher 1 illustrated in Fig. 2 does not have a fresh-water
tank and therefore
also does not have a second rinse pump via which - as illustrated in Fig. 1 -
unheated rinse
liquid can be supplied via a rinse line system to the rinse nozzle. Otherwise,
the dishwasher
1 illustrated in Fig. 2 is identical in a structural and functional regard
with the dishwasher
described previously with reference to Fig. 1.
Of course, it is conceivable that the heater control circuit (not illustrated
explicitly) can
correspondingly activate the heater 45 of the boiler 21 or of the steam
generator 20 in order
to provide rinse liquid which is heated to a greater or lesser extent.
The invention is not restricted to the embodiments of the dishwasher 1 that
are shown by
way of example in the drawings. On the contrary, the invention arises from an
expert
overall consideration of the patent claims and the description of the
exemplary
embodiments.
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