Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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GASKET DISTRIBUTOR
Field of the invention
The invention relates to a flange joint for connecting two objects in a fluid
connection so that fluid can flow between the objects as defined in the
preamble of
the independent claim 1.
The invention relates also to a hindered-bed settler for separating particles
of
hydrous slurry as defined in the preambles of independent claims 8 and 9.
The invention relates also to a method for preventing clogging in an apparatus
comprising several objects between which fluid flows as defined in the
preamble of
the independent claim 13 and to a method for preventing clogging in a hindered-
bed
settler as defined in the preamble of the independent claim 14.
The present invention relates to moving solids inside an object or an
apparatus
or inside a part of apparatus for example in a pipeline or similar with fluid
for the sake
of transportation, sizing or classifying. Problems occur when for some reason
the fluid
moves forward but does not carry the solid material along. The motion of the
solid
material then slows down and finally stops. The solid material starts to
accumulate
and ends up with blocking the object.
For the above mentioned reason water should be added on the way
continuously for process reasons or temporarily for improved material flow, to
open a
blockage or to add for example reagents into a process flow in a pipeline or
in a
process equipment.
Prior art teaches in DE 102006050783 B4 a pre-masher for production of
mash from coarsely grind malt or cereal. The pre-masher comprises a downpipe
that
guides a groat flow, a supply of mash water intended over a housing and
distributor
flanges. The mash water is radially guided through openings of the flanges
over a
distribution chamber into a mash water gap, which is formed by suitable
concentric
surface geometry of the two flanges. The geometry of the components forming
the
mash water gap is isolated. The cross section of mash water openings or the
mash
water gap is varied by replacement of flange-shaped components. For the
dismantability of the flanges forming an annular gap for mash water, the tube
forming
a mixing chamber is mounted through dismantlable tie rods between the two
flanges
and is sealed by a sealing. During the rigid downpipe, flange connections are
used
above and/or below the pre-masher. The replaceable flange contains concentric
openings for the mash water that produces a partial flow of water in downward
manner. The mash water flow is set out by the openings by one of the cross-
section
contraction of the down flow resulting from a recess of the connection flange
of the
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mixing chamber and/or resulting from reducer of mixture turbulences.; The
annular-
shaped mash water flow guided downwardly to the center by the annular gap hits
on a
double cone displacement body. The groat flow guided along the lower cone by
the
displacement body is led downwardly in a turbulent flow. A partial flow of the
mash
water hits on the displacement body by the openings so that adhering dust
particle is
kept free during the single mashing process. The cleaning medium is supplied
over
openings into the outer contour of the pre-masher in such a manner that a
chamber is
cleaned around the mash water gap without additional components reaching into
the
downpipe. A tangential tubing connection with a shutoff device is used for the
cleaning of an intake pipe of the pre-masher and the downpipe by the cleaning
medium. The mash water is supplyable through radial or a combination of radial
and
axial openings into the flange.
Objective of the invention
Hence there is a need for a flange joint that has a special gasket for fluid
distribution in order to easily add fluid feeder points during initial
installation or, if
necessary, afterwards as well.
The object of the invention is thus to provide a flange joint with a gasket
which alleviates the problems mentioned above.
Short description of the invention
The flange joint for connecting two objects in a fluid connection so that
fluid
can flow between the objects is characterized by the definitions of the
independent
claim 1.
Preferred embodiments of the flange joint are defined in the dependent claims
2 to 7.
The hindered-bed settler for separating particles of hydrous slurry is
characterized by the definitions of the independent claim 8 and by the
definitions of
the independent claim 9.
Preferred embodiments of the hindered-bed settler according to claim 9 are
defined in the dependent claims 10 to 12.
The method for preventing clogging in an apparatus comprising several
objects between which fluid flows is characterized by the definitions of the
independent claim 13 and the method for preventing clogging in a hindered-bed
settler is characterized by the definitions of the independent claim 14.
Preferred embodiments of the method for preventing clogging according to
claims 13 and 14 are defined in the dependent claims 15 to 17.
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The invention relates to a flange joint having a gasket and the said gasket
being installed in the flange joint and that the flange joint has at least one
channel for
feeding additional fluid from outside of the flange joint through the gasket
into fluid
flowing between two objects. A normal gasket in a flange joint can be replaced
with a
gasket according to the invention where the gasket has at least one
distribution
channel for fluid such as water. Also chemicals and gases can be distributed
in said at
least one channel. When using a flange joint having a gasket that has at least
one
distribution channel for fluid there is no need to weld fluid pipes to the
settler or any
other pipe-work.
The present invention relates particularly to a hindered-bed separator or a
hindered-bed settler or similar separator or a thickener or a cyclone or a
flotation cell
or a settler apparatus or other type of equipment handling with solids that
can settle in
the equipment and block the valve of the equipment (hereinafter "hindered-bed
settler") to partition solid particles in hydrous slurry or pulp into two or
more fractions
containing particles of different size and density. The present invention can
also be
used in a connection with other equipments where solids are moved with fluid
for the
sake of transportation, sizing or classifying. In this application fluid
stands for any
liquid or gas that can flow.
Many sizing and classifying methods employ gravity of solid material in
hydrous slurry with an incoming feed containing the material encountering an
upward
fluid flow. The variation in size and/or density will result in heavier
particles falling to
a lower level and lighter particles being uplifted to an overflow level thus
affecting
the desired separation.
The hindered-bed settler handling solid material such as sand material,
mineral
slurries, hydrous slurries, pulp or other same kind of material (hereinafter
"hydrous
slurry") comprises a body defining an inner space, having a plurality of feed
points for
even fluid distribution, advantageously water distribution, at a lower portion
of the
chamber. At the upper portion of the chamber is a separate feed well means for
introducing hydrous slurry into the inner space of the hindered-bed settler.
All the
material flows downward until it is discharged into the main chamber at a
desired
level. In the chamber heavy, faster settling particles move downwardly and are
removed through coarse feed outlet by various means for example through a
valve.
The rising fluid, advantageously water, carries light particles upward over
the top of
the inner space of the body into the overflow launder. The heavier solid
material sinks
downward while the lighter solid material goes upward.
Beneath the feed points for fluid such as water the inner space of the body is
closed by a colonial dewatering or liquid separation cone with an outlet valve
at the
bottom. The heavier solid material, the coarse feed, sinks to the bottom part
of the
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cone where the grains of the coarse feed will stay close to each other while
the fluid
such as water flows between them. The body can be closed by a part shaped
other
than conical for example by a narrowing shaped part.
Problems occur in the lower part of the hindered-bed settler when fluid such
as
water runs away from the solid material and the motion of the solid material
becomes
slower, the material settles and finally blocks the valve.
What is desired in a hindered-bed settler handling solid material is that
fluid
such as water needs to be added either continuously for process reasons or
temporarily
for improved material flow or to open a blocked valve.
Usually the distribution of fluid such as water takes place through different
sorts of nozzles, holes in a box-type structure or holes in a pipe. Adding
fluid feeder
points to the hindered-bed settler after installation, if necessary, is
difficult. This is
especially true if the tank has some kind of lining such as rubber that will
then be
damaged. The same is true in regard of painting.
The idea of the invention is that in order to prevent the hindered-bed settler
handling with solids to be blocked, fluid such as water has to be added to the
lower
part of the said hindered-bed settler. In other words fluid such as water is
needed in
the cone part of the hindered-bed settler or in the narrowing shaped part of
the
hindered-bed settler. In order to add a fluid channel to a hindered-bed
settler a flange
joint with a specially made gasket installed in a flange joint is coupled in
the
hindered-bed settler.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the gasket is at least partly made
of
polymer, advantageously of polyurethane. In another preferred embodiment of
the
inventions the gasket is at least partly made of flexible material such as
rubber. Other
materials can also be used to form the gasket, for example plastics or metal.
Advantageously the gasket has at least one distribution channel allowing fluid
such as
water to leak from a main fluid channel into the process tank or pipe. The
gasket is
handy advantageously in cases when fluid such as water has to be distributed
just
above a bottom discharge valve of a hindered-bed settler.
List of figures
In the following the invention will be described in more detail by referring
to
the figures, of which
Fig 1 shows a hindered-bed settler generally with flange joints according to
the invention,
Fig 2 shows a detail view of the lower part of the hindered-bed settler with
flange j oints,
Fig 3 shows a cross section view of a flange joint according to the invention,
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Fig 4 shows a cross section view of another flange joint according to the
invention, and
Fig 5 shows a horizontal cross section view of a section of a flange joint
presented in figure 3.
5 Detailed description of the invention
In the figures 1 and 2 the hindered-bed settler 1 for separating particles in
hydrous slurry and preferred embodiments and variations of the hindered-bed
settler 1
will be described.
The figure 1 shows a general view of a hindered-bed settler 1. The hindered-
bed settler 1 comprises a body 2 defining an inner space 12. The body 2 of the
hindered-bed settler 1 is advantageously either circular or rectangular and
having an
upper part 3, a middle part 4 and a lower part 5 and an open top 6 and a
bottom 7
defining the inner space 12 with an upper portion 13, a middle portion 14 and
a lower
portion 15. At the bottom 7 of the settler 1 is an outlet valve 51 through
which coarse
feed 50 flows. The coarse feed 50 flow is indicated by an arrow.
The hindered-bed settler 1 comprises also a feed well means 20 for
introducing hydrous slurry into the inner space 12 of the body 2. The feed
well means
comprise an inlet pipe 21 and a feed well 22. Hydrous slurry 23 enters the
inlet
pipe 21 and this entry of hydrous slurry 23 is indicated by an arrow. The
inlet pipe 21
20 introduces hydrous slurry into the feed well 22 and the feed well 22 which
is mounted
inside the upper portion 13 of the settler 1 introduces the slurry to the
settler 1. From
there the particles of greater mass will migrate downward and particles of
less mass
will be dispersed into the upper levels of the hindered-bed settler 1 carried
by the
water.
The hindered-bed settler 1 also comprises an overflow launder 30 for launder
flow 32, which is fluid such as water and fine material such as light
particles, exiting
from the inner space 12 of the body 2. The overflow launder 30 is arranged
adjacent
to the open top 6 of the body 2. The overflow launder 30 comprises an overflow
weir
31 adjacent to the open top 6 of the body 2 for providing launder flow 32
containing
light particles to the overflow launder 30.
Teeter water inflow 41 enters intake pipe 42. Intake pipe 42 is a part of
teeter
water distribution means 40 which comprises teeter water pipes 43.
Distribution
means 40 is arranged at least partly in the inner space 12 of the body 2 for
introducing
teeter water 44 into the inner space 12 of the body 2 and directing water
there from.
The teeter water distribution means 40 is arranged for introducing teeter
water 44 into
the lower portion 15 of inner space 12 of the body 2. In teeter water pipes 43
water is
discharged through small holes in different directions but resultant flow in
general
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takes an upward direction because only very small amounts of teeter water 44
will be
discharged with coarse feed.
The hindered-bed settler 1 comprises also an outlet valve 51 at the bottom 7
of
the body 2 of the hindered-bed settler 1. The coarse feed 50 flows through the
outlet
valve 51. The coarse feed 50 flow is indicated by an arrow.
The lower part 5 of the body 2 comprises at least one flange joint 60, in this
embodiment two flange joints 60 according to the invention, for feeding
additional
fluid from outside of the body 2 of the hindered-bed settler 1 into the lower
portion 15
of the inner space 12 of the body 2 of the hindered-bed settler 1. The two
joints 60 are
arranged to the lower portion 15 of the hindered-bed settler 1. Each flange
joints 60
have a specially made gasket installed in said flange joints 60. Fluid inflow
61 enters
the flange joints wherefrom fluid such as water is directed to the lower part
15 of the
hindered-bed settler 1 to help the coarse feed 50 to move or maintain its
motion.
The figure 2 shows a detail view of a part of the lower part 5 of the hindered-
bed settler 1 with two flange joints 60. The upper flange joint 60 is for
fluid such as
water distribution for process and the lower flange joint 60 is for improved
material
flow through the main outlet valve 51. The at least one flange joint 60 has at
least one
channel 67, 62, 63 for feeding additional fluid from outside of the flange
joint 60
through the gasket 65 into the lower portion 15 of the inner space 12 of the
body 2 of
the hindered-bed settler 1. Each flange joint 60 has a specially made gasket
installed
in the flange joint 60. The specially made gasket to the flange joint 60 is
preferably
but not necessarily an annular component that has a main channel 62 for fluid
and
preferably but not necessarily smaller distribution channels 63 for fluid to
move into
the lower portion 15 of the hindered-bed settler 1. The gasket is made in such
a way
for example of polymer, preferably of polyurethane, that it has distribution
channels
63, preferably radial distribution channels, allowing fluid such as water to
leak from
the main fluid channel 62 into the lower portion 15 of the hindered-bed
settler 1.
When the solid material classifies, the coarse grains sink to the bottom of
the
hindered-bed settler 1 and they will stay relatively close to each other so
that the fluid
such as water flows between them. When the solid material layer becomes
tighter, the
fluid flows away and the motion of the material slows down. Eventually the
solid
material blocks the outlet valve 51 and fluid such as water has to be added to
ease the
flow or to open the blockage. In the figure there are two flange joints 60.
The lower
flange joint 60 is just above the outlet valve 51. It is convenient in cases
where the
coarse feed has blocked the outlet valve 51 and fluid such as water has to be
added to
improve the material flow. The upper flange joint 60 adds fluid such as water
to the
upper part of the lower portion 15 of the hindered-bed settler 1. The fluid is
needed to
lubricate the solid material so that the motion of the solid material becomes
faster.
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Fluid inflow 61 enters the flange joints 60. The fluid inflow 61 to the upper
flange joint 60 is in a different place than in the lower flange joint 60 and
the same is
with the position of the main fluid channels 62 and the distribution channels
63. This
is only one embodiment and the place and position can vary within the scope of
claims.
The lower part 5 of the hindered-bed settler 1 is traditionally cast in steel.
In
one preferred embodiment the lower part 5 has a lining such as rubber or
polymer
lining inside the body 2. In another preferred embodiment the lower part 5 of
the
hindered-bed settler 1 is made of polymer such as polyurethane as a PU-casting
so
that it has a thick polyurethane layer because the wear is at the lower part 5
of the
hindered-bed settler 1 more intense. The lower part 5 of the hindered-bed
settler 1
could also be partly made of polymer such as polyurethane. In still another
preferred
embodiment shown in the figure 2 a part of the lower part 5 of the hindered-
bed
settler 1 is made of one module consisting of two flange joints 60 and in
between the
two flange joints 60 is arranged a part 70. The part 70 is preferably made of
polymer
such as polyurethane and tapers in one direction. The part 70 and the gasket
65 inside
the flange joints 60 are made of the same material preferably polyurethane and
said
part 70 is fitted to the gasket 65 to compose one single piece.
The figure 3 shows one embodiment of a cross section view of a flange joint
60 according to the invention. The flange joint 60 has at least one channel
67, 62, 63
for feeding additional fluid from outside of the flange joint 60 through the
gasket 65
into the lower portion 15 of the inner space 12 of the body 2 of the hindered-
bed
settler 1. Said one channel 67, 62, 63, comprises a fluid entrance channel 67,
a main
fluid channel 62 and at least one distribution channel 63 so that the fluid
entrance
channel 67 is connected to the main channel 62 to feed additional fluid from
the
outside of the gasket 65 into the main fluid channel 62. The main fluid
channel 62 is
connected to the distribution channel 63 to feed additional fluid from the
main fluid
channel 62 into the said distribution channel 63 and the said distribution
channel 63 is
configured to feed additional fluid into fluid flowing between two objects, in
this
embodiment to feed fluid to the lower portion 15 of the hindered-bed settler
1.
The flange joint 60 is made in such a way that between the flanges 66 is a
gasket 65, preferably of polyurethane but other material is also possible. The
gasket
65 has a main fluid channel 62 and at least one distribution channel 63. The
distribution channel 63 can be radial. In this embodiment the main fluid
channel 62 is
partly formed in the gasket 65 and partly formed in the flange 66 of the
flange joint
60, to be exact in the upper part of the flange 66 of the flange joint 60.
Fluid inflow 61
enters the flange joint 60 via a fluid entrance channel 67 from above to the
main fluid
channel 62 and moves or in other words leaks from the main fluid channel 62 to
the
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distribution channel 63. Fluid moves along the distribution channel 63 and
results in a
fluid outflow 64 to the settler 1. Fluid inflow 61 can also be from the side
or from
under the flange joint 60 via a fluid entrance channel 67.
The figure 4 shows another embodiment of a cross section view of another
flange joint 60 according to the invention. The flange joint 60 is made in
such a way
that between the flanges 66 is arranged a gasket 65, preferably of
polyurethane but
other material is also possible. The gasket 65 according to the invention can
replace
the normal gasket that is in a normal flange joint. In this embodiment the
gasket 65
has a main fluid channel 62 formed in the gasket 65 and at least one
distribution
channel 63 arranged also in the gasket 65. The distribution channel 63 can be
radial.
In this preferred embodiment the flange 66 is planar and does not have any
channels
in it, but it is also possible to form the main fluid channel 62 in a flange
66 of the
flange joint 60.
The fluid inflow 6l enters via a fluid entrance channel 67 from the side of
the
flange joint 60 and moves along the fluid entrance channel 67 to the main
fluid
channel 62 and moves or in other words leaks form there to the distribution
channel
63. From distribution channel 63 fluid such as water results in as a fluid
outflow 64 to
the settler 1. Fluid inflow 61 can also be from above or from under of the
flange joint
60, but in that case the flange 66 does not stay untouched but needs to have
an
entrance channel 67 for the fluid.
The figure 5 shows one embodiment of a horizontal cross section view of a
section of a flange joint 60 presented in figure 3. This cross section view is
from a
spot where all the features are in the gasket part 65 so the flange 66 itself
does not
show. The flange joint 60 has a main fluid channel 62 formed or partly formed
to the
gasket 65. In this preferred embodiment the fluid such as water comes via a
fluid
entrance channel 67 from above to the main fluid channel 62. From the main
fluid
channel 62 the fluid such as water moves or in other words leaks to the
distribution
channel 63. The number of distribution channels 63 can vary from one flange
joint to
another but in general there can be one or several fluid distribution channels
63 in a
flange joint 60. From distribution channel 63 the fluid such as water results
as a fluid
outflow 64 to the settler 1. Although it is said that the distribution channel
63 is
preferably radial it can also be of another kind. The distribution channel 63
can be in a
glancing direction in respect of the radius. In other words the distribution
channel 63
can be directed tangentially or almost tangentially so that the flow from the
distribution channel 63 creates a rotational flow in the hindered-bed settler
1. This
rotational flow can be favourable to the separation process.
The invention relates also to a method for preventing clogging in an apparatus
comprising several objects between which fluid flows and said method
comprising the
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steps of. providing a flange joint 60 for connecting two objects of the
apparatus in a
fluid connection, providing a gasket 65 in the flange joint 60 and providing
at least
one channel 67, 62, 63 into the flange joint 60 for feeding additional fluid
from
outside of the flange joint 60 through the gasket 65 into fluid flowing
between the two
objects of the apparatus.
The invention also relates to a method for preventing clogging in a hindered-
bed settler 1 comprising the steps of. using a hindered-bed settler 1
comprising a body
2 defining an inner space 12, wherein the body 2 comprising an upper part 3, a
middle
part 4, a lower part 5, an open top 6 and a bottom 7 defining the inner space
12 with
an upper portion 13, a middle portion 14 and a lower portion 15, wherein said
hindered-bed settler 1 including a feed well means 20 for introducing hydrous
slurry
23 into the inner space 12 of the body 2, an overflow launder 30 for launder
flow 32,
teeter water distribution means 40 for feeding teeter water 44 into the lower
portion
of inner space 12 of the body 2 and an outlet valve 51 for the coarse feed 50
flow,
15 providing at least one flange joint 60 in the lower part 5 of the body 2,
wherein each
flange joint 60 having a gasket 65, and at least one channel for feeding
additional
fluid from outside of the flange joint 60 into the lower portion 15 of the
inner space 12
of the body 2 of the hindered-bed settler 1, and feeding additional fluid from
outside
of the flange joint 60 through said at least one channel 67, 62, 63 into the
lower
portion 15 of the inner space 12 of the body 2 of the hindered-bed settler 1.
In the flange joint 60 according to the invention the at least one channel 67,
62, 63 is provided in a flange 66 of the flange joint 60 or the at least one
channel 67,
62, 63 is provided in the gasket 65 or the at least one channel 67, 62, 63 is
provided
partly in a flange 66 of the flange joint 60 and partly in the gasket 65.
A hindered-bed settler 1 can have one or several flange joints 60 with a
specially made gasket 65 installed in the flange joint 60. When having several
flange
joints 60 in a hindered-bed settler 1 the flange joints 60 can differ from
each other.
The gasket 65 inside the flange joint 60 can be different in different flange
joints 60.
The gasket 65 can contain all the elements of the fluid distribution in the
gasket 65
part so that the entrance channel 67 where the fluid such as water enters, the
main
fluid channel 62 and distribution channels 63 are all built in the gasket 65.
The
amount of distribution channels 63 can vary from one to several. On the other
hand
the gasket 65 can contain said channels only partly and partly they can be
within the
flange 66. The fluid entrance channel 67 can be formed in the flange 66, in
the gasket
65 or partly in both the flange 66 and the gasket 65. The main fluid channel
62 can be
formed into the other half of the flange 66 or alternatively into the gasket
65 itself or
partly in both the gasket 65 and the flange 66. In such a case where the main
fluid
channel 62 is formed into the gasket itself the gasket 65 will become thicker
and be
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manufactured for example as polyurethane casting so that there is enough room
also
for fluid entrance channel 67. When using polyurethane casting it is easy to
change
the number or size of the distribution channels 63 either by machining or
preferably
by using loose fillings in the PU-mold. The entrance channel 67 can be
essentially in
5 vertical direction or in a glancing direction connecting to the main channel
62 from
above or from under. The entrance channel 67 can also be essentially in
horizontal
direction or in a glancing direction connecting to the main channel 62 from
the side.
There can be one or several fluid entrance channels 67 in one flange joint 60.
The flange joint 60 consists of two flanges 66 and a gasket 65. One flange 66
10 is above the gasket 65 and the other flange 66 is under the gasket 65. The
flange joint
60 is pulled together with bolts that tighten the gasket 65 between the
flanges 66. The
bolts are not shown in the figures.
Fluid flows from the distribution channel 63 with a high speed to the hydrous
slurry in the lower portion 15 of the settler 1. The fluid outflow 64
generates an
induced secondary fluid flow around the opening of the distribution channel
63. With
the secondary fluid flow coarse grains may hit the wall of the settler 1 and
the flange
66 as well as the gasket 65. The result of this is that the wall and the
flange 66 may
wear and the gasket 65, too, but usually the wear in the steel is faster than
in PU.
Sometimes mechanical wear becomes an issue in the flange 66. The gasket 65 can
be
made in such a way that the number of bolts in the flange joint 60 and the
distribution
channels 63 in the gasket 65 do not match at any specific point; for example 6
bolts (a
standard flange is normally attached with 6 bolts) and 5 or 7 distribution
channel 63
slots. If the mechanical wear becomes an issue the flange 66 can be installed
in a
different position, in other words turned for example 60 degrees clockwise, so
that all
wear points will change.
It is self evident that this invention can be applied in other types of flange
joint, for example rectangular as well. Although above is mentioned only water
in
connection with the fluid channels also other material like chemicals and
gases can be
distributed this way.
It is apparent to a person skilled in the art that as technology advanced, the
basic idea of the invention can be implemented in various ways. The invention
and its
embodiments are therefore not restricted to the above examples, but they may
vary
within the scope of the claims.
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List of reference numerals
1 hindered-bed settler
2 body
3 upper part
4 middle part
5 lower part
6 open top
7 bottom
12 inner space
13 upper portion
14 middle portion
lower portion
feed well means
21 inlet pipe
15 22 feed well
23 hydrous slurry
overflow launder
31 overflow weir
32 launder flow
20 40 teeter water distribution means
41 teeter water inflow
42 intake pipe
43 teeter water pipes
44 teeter water
25 50 coarse feed
51 outlet valve
60 flange j oint
61 fluid inflow
62 main fluid channel
30 63 distribution channel
64 fluid outflow
65 gasket
66 flange
67 fluid entrance channel
70 part
