Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
CA 02750884 2011-06-30
Title
composite thermal insulation wall body of a building
Background of the Present Invention
Field of Invention
The invention is related to a composite thermal insulation member of
buildings, in particular a light composite thermal insulation wall with
thermal
insulation properties and a light composite thermal insulation roof.
Description of Related Arts
Currently, the widely used thermal insulation wall in China is made of EPS
(expandable polystyrene) board and covered by plaster, which has poor
fireproof
performance and short life duration. In USA and Russia, the widely used 2 + 3
layers
sandwiched thermal insulation wall structure has the problems of thick wall,
causing
the waste of lands, and also is not suitable for high rise buildings.
Additionally, the
thermal insulation walls constructed of wood are not practical in the
countries where
wood resources are scarce, and also have poor wind-proof properties.
The outer walls made of aerated concrete or light hollow blocks are mostly
used in China. However, these walls are too heavy for the high rise buildings
and
have poor thermal insulation and quake-proof properties, as well as high
brittleness.
In order to solve the problem of high weight of the brittle wall which is not
suitable
for the high rise buildings, in recent years the walls with light steel
skeletons are
widely used internationally.
However, the walls with light steel skeletons are suffered from the following
problems: poor rigidity of the wall, low capability of resistance to
horizontal wind
load and earthquake, huge consumption of steel, high cost and complex
construction.
Furthermore, the large amount of heat bridges of the light steel skeleton
cause poor
thermal insulation, in order to save the building energy, it is necessary to
adhere an
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CA 02750884 2011-06-30
additional thermal insulation material to the outside of the wall which
further
increases the cost.
In order to resist the horizontal wind load and earthquake, in USA, the light-
weight steel shear wall or the steel frame structure with cross brace are used
in
multilevel light-weight steel structure residence buildings. The light steel
shear walls
are the structure of covering thin steel panels on the wall. In order to
increase the anti-
vibration capability of the wall with the light steel skeletons, in Japanese
KC system,
the shear wall is an integral panel composed of profile steels and panels, and
the upper
and lower wall panels are connected by anchor bolts passing through the
floors.
However, the wall panels and the floors are connected integrally by the shear-
proof
bolts which also lead to complex construction and high cost.
The essential idea of the wall with light steel skeletons is to replace wood
skeletons of the wall with thin light steel beam. The spaces between the steel
skeletons are 400-600 mm, empty spaces are filled with mineral wools, and in
every
layer of which generally three horizontal steel braces are provided. The outer
protection layer of wall with the wood panels is replaced with fiber embedded
cement
panels. This light steel skeleton wall is still in the scope of traditional
wall concept
that the wood skeletons are filled with thermal insulation materials.
Due to high costs etc., application of the wall with light steel skeletons in
China is restricted.
To provide a light, thermal insulation, and low cost composite wall body, the
applicant has filed a patent in title "composite wall with the steel bars
and/or wire
net plasters arranged inside and outside" with the application No.
CN200710072572.0 in China. This patent is able to significantly reduce the
weight of
the wall with good thermal insulation. However, its method of fixing the high
molecular core layer is that the assembly bolts are fixed with the vertical
steel bars
indoors and steel bars or wire nets outdoors by pulling connection, which is
not
convenient in operation. Consumption of the vertical steel bars indoors is
big, and the
assembly of the connection steel bars with the pillars is not convenient,
either. The
invention is aimed to make the construction work convenient and decrease the
cost.
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Besides, building energy saving and reform of the wall of the small buildings
in the
rural areas are still the problems remaining unsolved.
Summary of the Present Invention
An object of the invention is to provide a composite thermal insulation
member of buildings ensuring the convenient construction of the "composite
wall
with the steel bars and/or steel mesh plasters arranged inside and outside",
structure of
the small buildings in rural areas with low cost and energy saving without use
of the
clay bricks, and also the light thermal insulation roof of good thermal
insulation liable
to prefabrication or casting of the steel skeletons of the industrial plants.
The
composite thermal insulation member and composite wall assembled from these
members have excellent thermal insulation and quake-proof performance.
The composite thermal insulation member of buildings according to the
invention comprises: a light weight composite thermal insulation wall with
steel mesh
cement plasters on both sides, which are mainly used for the frame buildings,
frame-
shear buildings and the fences of the skeletons of the industrial buildings.
A structure of the composite thermal insulation member is a light composite
thermal insulation wall with steel mesh cement plasters on both sides. This
wall
comprises a component carrying the load of the main structure of the building,
a core
layer, an outer protection layer and also alkali-resistant netting fabric or
steel mesh or
bamboo-reinforced screen. This load-carrying component of the main structure
of the
building is a girder, a panel, a pillar, a load-carrying wall and a base. This
core layer
is a high molecular thermal insulation material, mineral wool, plant stalks or
paper
honeycomb panel. This outer protection layer is a cement mortar, a fine stone
concrete plastering layer, a modified cement mortar, or a fine stone concrete
plastering layer. This core layer is fixed between the girder or the panel,
which is the
load-carrying component of the main structure, and the pillar or the interior
frame
formed by the load-carrying wall, or on the girder or the panel of the load-
carrying
component of the main structure, or on the pillar of the load-carrying
component of
the main structure or on the side edge of the load-carrying wall. The outer
protection
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layer is provided on the surface of the core layer. The alkali-resistant
netting fabric or
bamboo-reinforced screen is embedded in the outer protection layer, or the
alkali-
resistant netting fabric is bonded to the surface of the outer protection
layer or is
positioned on the surface of the core layer. The alkali-resistant netting
fabric or steel
mesh or bamboo-reinforced screen is bonded to the load-carrying component of
the
main structure forming the light composite thermal insulation wall with the
steel mesh
plasters arranged on both sides.
Under the condition of the cement mortar plastering layer and the core layer
firmly bonded on both sides, the composite wall with the thickness of the core
layer of
120 mm and the total thickness including the plaster on two sides of 180 mm is
formed. When C15 cement plasters is applied to the outer protection layer, the
sectional bend rigidity is 7.52x l 012 N-mm2/m, which is equal to a C25
concrete wall
of thickness of 150 mm with the sectional bend rigidity of 7.875x 1012 N-
mm2/m. The
sectional bend rigidity of the composite wall with the core layer thickness of
180 mm
and the total thickness including the plasters on both sides of 240 mm is
14.65x1012
N-min 2/m, which is bigger than the C25 concrete wall with the thickness of
180 mm
and the sectional bend rigidity of 13.61x1012 N-mm2/m (see "the calculation of
the
rigidity of the light composite wall panel with the core layer made of high-
molecular
material" in the Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment). Therefore,
for
the composite wall with the net plasters on both sides, the horizontal surface
bend
performance resistant to the wind load perpendicular to the wall surface and
the
horizontal earthquake is good. The composite wall of the invention contains
little
steel--- according to the area of the wall about 2.5. 3kg/m2 (including the
wire screen).
The steel bars and the wire screen or the alkali-resistant netting fabric of
the
composite wall are positioned inside the cement mortar of inner and outer
sides or the
outer protection layer of the fine stone concrete and connected to the main
structure
by the anchor. Firm bonding of the outer protecting layer containing the steel
bars and
wire screens with the core layer constitutes very large sectional bend-
resisting
moment, fully developing the merit of high tension strength of the tension
material
such as steel. According to the prior art, the large quantity of steel in the
wall with
light steel skeletons is located in the middle of the section of the wall
without
cooperation with the fine stone concrete or cement mortar, so the sectional
bend-
resisting moment of the skeleton is small, leading to big consumption of
steel, but the
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capability of quake-proofing and wind-proofing is still poor, not fully
developing the
merit of materials.
The alkali-resistant netting fabric or metal mesh or bamboo-reinforced
screen inside the plastering layers of the composite wall (with steel mesh
plasters on
both sides and also the anchored steel bars (Embodiment 2)) replaced the
indoor
vertical steel bars in the applicant's previous patent "the composite wall
with the steel
bars and/or wire screen arranged inside and outside", and resumed the same
function
as the tension steel bars' under the horizontal load on the wall panel, and
make it
possible to provide the steel bars anchored with the columns. This structure
increases
the shear-resistant capability within the surface of the wall panel, thus
plays important
role in reducing the horizontal displacement of the main structure and quake-
proofing
as well as wind-proofing, significantly decreasing the consumption of steel,
simplifying the construction and facilitating the operation.
The anchored steel bars between the building's main structure and the
composite wall with steel mesh plasters on both sides may be of 14 galvanized
steel
bars that are anchored with the girder pillar. When the anchoring steel bars
and the
steel mesh or alkali-resistant netting fabric satisfy the overlapping length,
and
anchoring steel bar's tension capability is not lower than that of the steel
mesh or
alkali-resistant netting fabric, also not considering the shear-resistant
capability of the
steel mesh or alkali-resistant netting fabric of the outer plastering outer
protection
layer, the shear-resistant capability of the indoor plastering layer within
the frame
surface of the 3 meters high composite wall is 2-7 t/m (different according to
different specifications of the steel mesh or alkali-resistant netting
fabric). This
composite wall construction technique creates a kind of light composite shear
wall
which is suitable for both outer wall and inters walls. Since the rigidity of
the paper
honeycomb panel is very high, when the core layer is made of the paper
honeycomb
panel, the shear-resistant capability within the surface of the composite wall
is even
bigger. The composite wall with the net plasters on both sides of this
invention thus
provided a new alternative solution to construction of quake-proofing
building.
Thus, the bend-resistant capability beyond the surface and the shear-resistant
capability within the surface of the composite wall with the net plasters on
both sides
CA 02750884 2011-06-30
are superior to that of the light steel skeleton wall with large quantity of
steel. In Fig.
9, the shear-resistant flexible wall with anchored steel bars tightly spread
on the
column (or wall), and the shear-resistant capability within the surface of the
wall of
the composite wall should be counted. Fig. 10 shows that the anchored steel
bars are
provided between the composite wall and the column/wall, and according to the
construction, the shear-resistant capability of the wall within the surface of
the
composite wall is not required. It is for avoiding the vertical cracks from
happening
between the composite wall and column or wall.
The composite thermal insulation wall with the net plasters on both sides
simultaneously has good thermal insulation, light weight, low cost and good
fireproof
properties. Also it satisfies any decoration, has good safety of outer
protecting layer
and outer decoration surface, convenience of design and construction, big
rigidity,
good integral firmness, good bend-resistant capability beyond the surface and
shear-
resistant capability within the surface, good quake-proofing and wind-
proofing, as
well as satisfies the design requirement of limit state. The composite wall of
the
invention absolutely will not collapse during earthquake because the core
layer inside
the composite wall consumes the energy of earthquake by transferring the
kinematics
energy of earthquake into potential energy which is beneficial to quake-
proofing of
the main structure. The invention provides a new solution to the construction
of
quake-proofing building. This invention is suitable for all kinds of buildings
in
different climate areas, thus has great application value.
It is necessary to ensure reliable bonding between the plastered outer
protection layer and the core layer to form a force-bearing integrated
composite
component. Under the condition that the core layer is made of high molecular
thermal
insulation material, when the interface agent is used, it is necessary to
operate
according to the method described in the present Chinese patent in title "the
operation
method using the interface agent to resist the plasters to be cracked and
increase the
bonding strength of the plasters and the decoration surface" which has the
application
No. CN20081017949.0 and publication No. CN101424115. The interface agent
provided by polyacrylate emulsion or the cement polymer mortar is recommended
to
be used. This patent effectively solved the problem that the wire net benzene
panel
uplifts and cracks during plastering by ensuring firmly and integrally bonding
of the
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cement mortar plastering outer protection layer and the EPS panel. Experiment
showed that when the composite wall was hit by a hammer, the cement mortar
plastering outer protection layer was destroyed to pieces by the hammer and
the EPS
panel recessed as well as, but the bonding interface is still bonding. The
destroyed
bonded composite panel was kept submerged in water for 24 hours, then was kept
frozen in the refrigerator for 12 hours, then to be melted and put into water
again.
These freezing and melting tests were repeated for 50 times, but surface
bonding
agent was not destructed and composite wall kept intact. This experiment
proved that
the freeze-thaw-proofing and waterproofing of the outer protection layer
satisfy the
application requirement.
The steel bars (including steel wire mesh and the alkali-resistant netting
fabric as well as bamboo-reinforced screen subjected to the same tension),
concrete
(including the cement mortar having the same effect as concrete), masonry
belong to
the force-receiving materials of the structure while the high molecular heat
preservation material and the chemical adhesive belong to the functional
materials of
the buildings. The existing various thermal insulation techniques of wall with
the
exception of the wall with light steel skeletons all belong to the amendment
work of
the original non-thermal insulation brittle wall which has the following
problem: (1)
too many heat bridges for example the sandwiched heat preservation wall or
heat
preservation masonry wall, (2) not safe, for example no safety fire-proofing
in the
heat preservation wall with thin plasters bonded by high molecular heat
preservation
layer, (3) not safe for the outer decoration surface. Due to heavy weight,
these walls
are not good at quake-proofing. On the other hand, the wall with light steel
skeletons
has high cost, due to non optimal mix of the force-bearing materials of
construction
with the functional materials of the architecture.
The composite heat preservation member of the composite thermal
insulation wall with the net plasters on both sides according to the invention
have
combined the knowledge of architecture, structure, architecture physics,
architecture
thermal engineering, chemical adhesive and metallurgy and optimized the force-
receiving materials of the building and the functional materials of the
architecture.
The force-receiving materials of the invention are located on the outside of
the
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composite components with the core layer located in the middle of the
composite
component which are bonded with each other to form the composite component.
Technical effect of the invention: the composite thermal insulation members
of the constructions are bonded with the outer protecting layers on both sides
by using
the light thermal insulation core layer. There are tension meshes or steel
bars inside
the outer protecting layers on the outside of the composite thermal insulation
member
forming light composite thermal insulation member. The invention not only
develops
the merits of the force-receiving materials, but also ensures the safely of
the
composite components with good thermal insulation and bonding effects of the
functional materials. The light composite thermal insulation member
significantly
decreases the weight of constructions and can be used in constructions of any
height.
The invention provides technical support to construction of light wall and
roofs with
low heat transfer coefficients and quake-proofing as well as wind-proofing.
Advanced
technique of wall provides high performances, low cost, simple design and
convenient
construction.
As comparing with the composite wall of the prior art, the present invention
has simple structure, convenient construction, greatly reduces material
consumption
of steel stainless steel and manpower consumption of installation, greatly
decreases
construction cost, and provides better force-bearing performance of the
composite
wall.
The invention simultaneously satisfies the requirements of wall: light
weight, thermal insulation and energy saving, land saving, quake and wind-
proofing,
safety of outer decoration, fireproofing, duration, low cost, convenient
construction.
The present invention undermines the concept of forming the traditional
wall. China encounters many difficulties at energy saving and wall reforming
in the
past decades, because the wall technology is not only about the new-type wall
material alone. Wall technology is a system engineer, which engages multiple
disciplines in order to satisfy the various demands of the performance of the
wall
nowadays.
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Brief Description of the Drawings
Fig. 1 is the vertical section view of connection of the alkali-resistant
netting fabric or
steel mesh or bamboo-reinforced screen in the composite wall with net plasters
on
both sides to the floor girders according to the Embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is the horizontal section view of connection of the alkali-resistant
netting fabric
or steel mesh or bamboo-reinforced screen in the composite wall with net
plasters on
both sides to the shaped column according to the Embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is the masonry view of the plastered wall with the core layer made of
high
molecular material, the figure is used in the operation description of
Embodiment 1;
Fig. 4 is the vertical section view of the composite wall with net plasters on
both sides
showing the connection of the anchored steel bar 2 with the floor girder
according to
Embodiment 2;
Fig. 5 is the horizontal section view of the composite wall with net plasters
on both
sides showing the connection of the anchored steel bar 2 with the concrete
column
according to Embodiment 2;
Fig. 6 is the vertical section view of connection of the anchored steel bars 2
provided
in the composite wall with net plasters on both sides to the base according to
Embodiment 2;
Fig. 7 is vertical section view of the light composite thermal insulation wall
with net
plasters on both outer thermal insulation sides according to Embodiment 3, and
the
schematic view of connection of the inside and outside tension connected wires
9
anchored inside the main structure, and also the assembly view of the plastic
expansion nails according to Embodiment 9, the broken line shows the support
component of the concrete cantilever shown in the prior patent of the
Description of
Related Arts;
Fig. 8 is horizontal section view of the light composite thermal insulation
wall with
net plasters on both outer thermal insulation sides according to Embodiment 3,
and
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the schematic view of connection of the inside and outside tension connected
wires 9
anchored inside the main structure, and also the assembly view of the plastic
expansion nails according to Embodiment 9;
Fig. 9 is the assembly schematic view of the indoor anchored steel bar 2 of
the
composite wall at the openings of the doors and windows of the light composite
thermal insulation wall with net plasters on both sides according to
Embodiment 2,
and the schematic view of connection of the inside and outside tension
connected
wires 9 anchored inside the main structure, the no numbered steel bars in the
drawing
is the steel bars of the prior patent in the Description of Related Arts;
Fig. 10 is the assembly schematic view of the indoor anchored steel bar 2 of
the
composite wall at the solid wall of large area in the light composite thermal
insulation
wall with the net plasters on both sides according to Embodiment 2, and the
schematic
view of connection of the inside and outside tension connected wires 9 with
the
indoor and outdoor steel bars, as well as the schematic view of anchoring of
the inside
and outside tension connected wires 9 within the main structure, the shown
support
component of the concrete cantilever and the outdoor steel bars shown by the
broken
line have not been numbered and are the components and steel bars of the prior
patent
in the Description of Related Arts;
Fig. 11 is the vertical section view of the connection of the alkali-resistant
netting
fabric or steel mesh or bamboo-reinforced screen with the floor girder
according to
Embodiment 1, as well as the connection of the anchored steel bars to the
floor
according to Embodiment 2 in the composite wall with net plasters on both
sides;
Fig. 12 is the section view showing the partial structure of the composite
wall with the
composite cement fiber panel or the calcium silicate panel 8-2 on core layer 3
and the
outer protecting layer 8 outside according to Embodiments 10 and 11;
Fig. 13 is the section view of the composite thermal insulation wall with the
net
plasters on both sides and combined core layer and masonry according to
Embodiment 6, with the outer side of the masonry and the main structure
registered;
CA 02750884 2011-06-30
Fig. 14 is the section view of the composite thermal insulation wall with the
net
plasters on both sides and combined core layer and masonry according to
Embodiment 6, with the outer side of the masonry retracted to the inter side
of the
main structure;
Fig. 15 is the section view of the water-proof layer 15 according to
Embodiment 16;
Fig. 16 is the vertical section view shows that the outer thermal insulation
composite
wall body is the horizontal strip wall body according to Embodiment 3, the
shown
cantilever girder supported by the steel bars and concrete is the component in
the prior
patent in title "the composite wall body with the steel bars and/or wire net
plasters
arranged inside and outside" described in the Description of Related Art,
which has
not been numbered in the invention and only the inside and outside tension
connected
wires 9 not provided in the original patent has been numbered;
Fig. 17 is the schematic view of rigidity calculation of the composite wall
plate whose
core layer described in the specification is made of high molecular thermal
insulation
material.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, a composite thermal insulation
component of a building of the embodiment is composed of a load-bearing
component
1 of a main structure of the building, a core layer 3, alkali-resistant
netting fabric 5-1
or a metal net 5-2 or a bamboo reinforced net 5-3 and an outer protection
layer 8. The
load-bearing component 1 of the main structure of the building is a girder, a
plate, a
pillar, a load-bearing wall and a base. The core layer 3 is made of a high
molecular
thermal insulation material or mineral wool or plant stalks or a paper
honeycomb
plate. The outer protection layer 8 is a cement mortar, a fine stone concrete
plastered
layer, a modified cement mortar or a fine stone concrete plastered layer. The
said core
layer 3 is fixed between the girder or the plate or the pillar of the load-
bearing
component 1 of the main structure of the building and a interior frame formed
by a
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load-bearing wall, or on the girder or the plate of the load-bearing component
1 of the
main structure, or on the sides of the pillar of the load-bearing component 1
of the
main structure or the load-bearing wall. The outer protection layer 8 is
arranged on
the surface of the core layer 3. The alkali-resistant netting fabric 5-1 or
the metal net
5-2 or the bamboo reinforced net 5-3 are embodied inside the protection layer
8, or
the alkali-resistant netting fabric 5-1 is adhered to the surface of the
protection layer 8
(by means of adhesive the alkali-resistant netting fabric can be directly
bonded to the
outside of the protection layer, then indoor and outdoor decorations can be
made
which makes the effect of crack resistance even better, forming the bending
arm of
force bigger, and effect of fore-receiving better). Alternatively, the alkali-
resistant
netting fabric 5-1 is located on the surface of the core layer 3. The alkali-
resistant
netting fabric 5-1 or the metal net 5-2 or the bamboo reinforced net 5-3 are
bonded by
adhesive to the load-bearing component 1 of the main structure for forming a
light
weight composite thermal insulation wall body with the net plasters on both
sides.
The modified cement mortar or the fine stone concrete is referred to cement
mortar or
fine stone concrete with addition of coal powder, stone powder or additional
added
agent and also includes the cement polymer mortar or polymer fine stone
concrete
added with high molecular adhesives.
The alkali-resistant netting fabric is the abbreviation of the alkali-
resistant
glass fiber net in the "alkali-resistant glass fiber net" JCT-841-2007
standard. The
alkali-resistant netting fabric has considerable tension capability with
residual tension
strength of no less than 80% in a strong alkali common Portland cement
environment.
The GRC wall plate added with alkali-resistant short glass fiber which was
used
internationally since 1970s now is still in use. Especially in the environment
of
regular use indoors the alkali-resistant netting fabric has very good
duration. The
design value of the tension strength of the alkali-resistant netting fabric
which is the
product of the residual value of the alkali-resistant strength of that net
multiplied by
certain safety coefficient can be calculated according to steel bars and wire
nets.
When the core layer is made of high molecular thermal insulation material,
the core layer is cut into mass blocks and is bonded to the bonding face of
the girder-
pillar in the openings formed by the frame girder-pillar in operation. The
core layers
can be bonded to each other using a polymer glue, a polymer mortar, or a foam
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polyurethane glue. Bonding the strength-blocks with the polyurethane glue
facilities
construction but it is necessary to apply pressure and use the bracing when
the net
plasters are on both side of core layer, or apply the first round cement
mortar or fine
stone concrete protection layer on the high molecular core layer (see Fig. 3).
By
means of interface agent the plastered protection layer and the core layer are
bonded
into masonry blocks whose sizes should be suitable for handling. It is
preferred to
bond the core layer and the main structure of the building using the cement
polymer
mortar, use the interface agent or polyurethane glue as adhesive between the
core
layer 3 and the blocks, then lay the upper block. . .until a needed height of
the wall
body is reached. During bonding and plastering of every composite wall bodies
the
alkali-resistant netting fabric or metal net is embedded inside the cement
mortar or
fine stone concrete plastered protection layer, or the alkali-resistant
netting fabric is
bonded to the surface of the protection layer (it is necessary to apply the
interface
agent or cement polymer mortar to fit the alkali-resistant netting fabric), so
as to form
the cooperatively working composite wall body. Alternatively, according to
Embodiment 10 or 11, the core layer and the cement fiber plate or calcium
silicate
plate are bonded, then plastered on the outside of the cement fiber plate or
calcium
silicate plate without bracing. It is most reliable to use the cement polymer
mortar
made of high molecular adhesive to bond the alkali-resistant netting fabric or
metal
net to the load-bearing component of the main structure. As shown in Figs. 1
and 2,
the bonding length must meet the requirements of overlapping anchored length.
It is
most reliable for the connection steel taps to fix the doors and windows by
using the
cement polymer mortar or cement polymer concrete as the protection layer for
the
edges of the doors and windows.
Embodiment 2: as shown in Fig. 4-6, 9, and 10, the embodiment is different
from Embodiment 1 in that it further includes anchored steel bars 2. The
anchored
steel bars 2 are anchored with the girder or plate of the load-bearing
component I of
the main structure of the building, and/or with its pillar or load-bearing
wall. The
anchored steel bars 2 are located inside the protection layer 8. The alkali-
resistant
netting fabric 5-1 or metal net 5-2 or bamboo reinforced net 5-3 is overlapped
with
the anchored steel bars 2. Fig. 11 is the section view showing that in the
composite
wall body with net plasters on both sides there are connected between the
alkali-
resistant netting fabric or metal net or bamboo reinforced net and the girder,
as well as
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connected with the pre-left surface of the anchored steel bars. The types of
connections are determined according to convenience of construction. Mostly
the
anchored steel bars 2 are connected with the main structure. Embodiments I and
2 are
suitable for non-energy saving buildings.
According to Embodiment 1 or 2, when the core layer is fixed between the
inner frames formed by girder or plate and pillar or wall of the load-bearing
component of the main structure of the building, the upper and lower parts and
both
sides of the composite wall body are bonded to the girder or pillar of the
main
structure by the alkali-resistant netting fabric or metal net or bamboo net.
The
composite wall body only bears the horizontal load and its own weight. When
only
one end the core layer is fixed to the girder or plate of the load-bearing
component,
the alkali-resistant netting fabric, metal net, bamboo net or the anchored
steel bars are
connected to the load-bearing component of the main structure only in one end.
Under
the horizontal load the composite wall body is the cantilever component which
is used
in the balcony fence and parapet wall etc. The parapet wall may be the same
structure
as the composite wall body at the windows shown in Figs. 1, 4, 6 and 7. The
balcony
fence may be the same structure as the composite wall body at windows shown in
Fig.
1, 4 and 6. When the composite wall body has the steel or wood skeletons or
light
composite thermal insulation roof in the upper end. After the inside and
outside
plastered protection layers of the composite wall body are finished, the
plastered
protection layer got the strength, the roof or light composite thermal
insulation roof
may be assembled with which the composite wall body is connected. Under the
vertical load the lower end of the composite wall body is the anchored end of
rigid
knots and the upper end is the joint of hinge knots forming the light
composite
thermal insulation wall body with single layer carrying the load and with
plastered on
both side. The allowable value of the vertical load capability is determined
by the
experiments of the thickness of the plastered protection layers. When only one
end of
the core layer is fixed with the load-bearing pillar of the main structure or
the sides of
the load-bearing wall, under the horizontal load the composite wall body is
the
cantilever component with the vertical load-bearing pillar or wall as fixed
end. i.e.,
the composite wall body with the pillar or sides of the wall having
cantilever. This
circumstance less happens.
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CA 02750884 2011-06-30
Embodiment 3: as shown in Figs. 7-10, and 16, the embodiment is different
from the Embodiment 1 or 2 in that the outer side of the girder or plate of
the load-
bearing component 1 of the embodiment has a core layer 3, while the pillar of
the
load-bearing component 1 or the outside of the load-bearing wall has a core
layer 3 as
well, or the outside of the girder or plate of the load-bearing component 1
has the core
layer 3, or the pillar of the load-bearing component 1 or the outside of the
load-
bearing wall has the core layer 3 forming the light composite thermal
insulation wall
body with the net plasters on both side.
Embodiment 3 is suitable for energy-saving buildings. When the composite
wall body with outside thermal insulation is constructed, first the core layer
is bonded
to the outside of the girder-pillar, then the core layer inside the openings
of the girder-
pillar of the frame is assembled. According to convenience of construction,
economic
analysis and duration use, the metal net or alkali-resistant netting fabric is
determined.
The bamboo reinforced net is suitable for simple low-level buildings.
Internationally,
the results of test of the GRC wall plate used for 25-30 years showed that
under the
regular condition of indoor use, the strength of the alkali-resistant glass
fiber has not
been reduced while the strength of that outdoors is reduced. This circumstance
becomes more serious at the places more liable to wetting such as windows.
Therefore,
for the outer wall of design life span over 25 years, besides necessary water-
proof
measures, it is suitable to provide the steel bars and metal net plasters on
outdoor side.
In the case of providing the steel bars and metal net plasters on outdoor side
for the
outer thermal insulation wall body, it is suitable to vertically provide
concrete
supported cantilever on the outside of the main structure as described in the
patent of
"the description of related art". As shown by the broken lines in Figs. 7, 9
and 10, the
outdoor upright steel bars and horizontal transverse steel bars and the steel
bars shown
in Fig. 16 are welded on the pre-embedded steel plates of supported cantilever
at the
outer ends. The metal net is bonded with the steel bars. When the steel bars
and metal
net plasters are provided outdoors, it is necessary to determine whether to
use the
alkali-resistant netting fabric according to stability of the composite wall
body during
construction and convenience of construction. When the composite wall body is
relatively high or the metal net plasters can not be fast fitted, it is
suitable to provide
the alkali-resistant netting fabric outdoors. For the simple or low-level
buildings with
life span not over 25 years, it is generally unnecessary to provide the
supported
CA 02750884 2011-06-30
r s
cantilever and provide the steel bars in the openings. The anchored steel bars
and the
upper ends of the opening's steel bars can be anchored with the cantilever
roof.
Using the aforementioned patent of the applicant described in "the
description of related art", reinforcement steel bars are provided in the
openings of
doors and windows, and the inside and outside tension connected wires are set
in the
corners of the openings or other necessary parts reinforces the inside and
outside
tension connections. According to the inner force analysis carried out by the
finite
element software for the composite wall body under horizontal load, the
requirements
of limit state are satisfied. When the reinforcement door and window steel
bars are not
provided in the openings of doors and windows, the composite wall body with
net
plasters on both sides of the Embodiments 1-3 is feasible and may be used in
buildings in the areas having no strong wind, in particular the low-level or
multilevel
buildings of these areas. However, the openings weaken the edges of the
openings of
the wall plate which is not advantageous for force-bearing of the wall plate.
When the
inner force of the opening edge is calculated according the Chinese national
standard
"specification of the building structure loads" GB 50009, in the condition of
relatively
strong wind load received by the outer wall, the design requirements of
limited state
are not satisfied, the safety coefficient is low (for example, the ceramic
blocks, blown-
out concrete filled walls can not satisfy the design of limit state, although
they may be
used, but safety is poor).
Experiments show that under the condition of firm bonding of the plastered
protection layer and the high molecular core layer by means of the interface
agent the
high molecular core layer may transmit shear force, but the bending of the
positive
section is dominant. The light composite thermal insulation wall body with net
plasters on both sides increases the capability of the building to resist the
horizontal
displacement enabling to construct the energy saving and quake-proof as well
as
wind-resistance wall body with low cost which significantly reduces the
investment of
the main structure of the building. The structure of the composite wall body
facilitates
overlapping with the metal net or alkali-resistant netting fabric by means of
providing
the anchored steel bars in the pillar or inside the wall. However, due to the
indoor
upper and lower connected vertical steel bars, the wall body patent of the
applicant
described in "the description of related art" is not convenient to provide the
horizontal
16
CA 02750884 2011-06-30
r f
steel bars in the pillar or on the wall otherwise it will increase the
thickness of the
indoor plastered layer, cost, weight and consumption of steel.
Embodiment 4: as shown in Figs. 7-10, and 16 the embodiment is different
from the Embodiment 1 or 2 in that the embodiment further comprises an inside
and
outside tension connected wires 9. The wires 9 are anchored inside the load-
bearing
component 1 of the main structure of the building, passing through the core
layer 3
and the first cement mortar or fine stone concrete protection layer 8 with the
outer end
wrapped and banded to the outdoor steel bars (Figs. 7-10), or passing through
the core
layer 3, the indoor and outdoor first cement mortar or fine stone concrete
protection
layer 8 and wrapped and banded with the indoor and outdoor steel bars (Figs.
10, and
16).
Embodiment 5: as shown in Figs. 7-10, the embodiment is different from the
Embodiment 3 in that the embodiment further comprises an inside and outside
tension
connected wires 9 which are anchored inside the load-bearing component 1 of
the
main structure passing through the core layer 3 and the first cement mortar or
fine
stone concrete protection layer 8 with the outer end wrapped and banded to the
outdoor steel bars (Fig. 7-10), or passing through the core layer 3, the
indoor and
outdoor first cement mortar or fine stone concrete protection layer 8 and
wrapped and
banded with the indoor and outdoor steel bars (Figs. 10 and 16).
The indoor and outdoor steel bars in the Embodiments 4 and 5 are referred
to the steel bars described in the applicant's patent shown in "the
description of
related art". The inside and outside tension connected wires 9 are generally
the wires
of stainless steel for convenient construction.
In the composite wall body of the applicant's original patent described in
"the description of related art" the consumption of the vertical steel bars
indoor is
large and it is not convenient to assembly the steel bars which are tension
connected
with the pillar, also the quantity of the assembled bolts is large. In this
invention, in
the condition that the anchored steel bars and the alkali-resistant netting
fabric or
metal net or bamboo reinforced net satisfy the overlapping requirements, i.e.
the
tension-resistant "net" becomes and functions as the tension steel bars of the
bending
17
CA 02750884 2011-06-30
component, and resist the cracks and make setting the anchored steel bars
between the
pillars and the walls possible without increasing the thickness of plastered
protection
layer. Thus the tension-resistant "net" develops the tension-resistant role in
two
directions forming the light composite shear wall. When use in the separating
walls
inside, it is necessary to provide the anchored steel bars in the upper and
lower floors
as well as the side pillars or walls. According to the present invention, the
construction is convenient, the amount of labor and cost are decreased, the
amount of
steel is decreased substantially and the speed of construction is accelerated.
Combination of the composite wall body of the invention and that descried in
the
former patent in the description of related art and also providing supporting
cantilever
outdoors as well as steel bars and metal net plasters can widely be used in
the outer
fences without height limitation. Duration of the composite wall body of the
invention
is good and the outer plastered layer and decoration layer are safe. In the
case of fire,
the high molecular core layer contracted, however because of the concrete
cantilever
supported components and the steel bars welded thereon and the wire net
plasters
banded with the steel bars, the outer protection layer is still suspending as
a curtain
wall.
Embodiment 6: as shown in Figs. 13 and 14, the embodiment is different
from Embodiment 1 or 3 in that a masonry wall 3-2 is located inside the core
layer 3
and connected thereto (bonded or tension connected). On the surface of the
masonry
wall body 3-2 there is the outer protection layer 8 forming the composite wall
body
with net plasters on both sides of the combination of the core layer and the
masonry.
The embodiment satisfies the additional anti-theft requirements of some
people, especially for the ground floor building. The inner ends of the inside
and
outside tension connected wires may be tension connected with the indoor wire
net or
the steel bars through the masonry plastered layer.
Embodiment 7: the embodiment is different from Embodiment 1 or 2 in that
the alkali-resistant netting fabric 5-1 is fitted inside the bonding gap of
the upper and
lower core layers 3. Two sides of the alkali-resistant netting fabric 5-1
inside the
bonding gap are suspending as the alkali-resistant netting fabric 5-1 adhered
to the
surface of the core layer 3 or as that adhered to the first cement mortar or
the fine
18
CA 02750884 2011-06-30
}
stone concrete outer protection layer 8 and overlapped with the alkali-
resistant netting
fabric 5-1 of the lower core layer. Alternatively they can be overlapped with
the
anchored steel bars 2 forming the composite wall body with the net plasters on
both
sides and tension connected inside and outside.
Embodiment 8: the embodiment is different from the preceding embodiment
in that the core layer 3 of the composite wall body plastered by the alkali-
resistant
netting fabric of the embodiment has T-shaped section, which is beneficial to
increase
the plane rigidity of the composite wall body.
In the case of using Embodiment 1 or 2 in the load-carrying light composite
wall body (the core layer is fixed on the girder or plate of the load-carrying
component with the upper part provided with the light roof) sometimes the
structures
of Embodiment 7 or 8 are needed.
Embodiment 9: as shown in Figs. 7 and 8, the embodiment is different from
Embodiment 3 in that plastic expansion nails 40 are fixed to the load-carrying
component 1 of the main structure of the building through the core layer 3.
The iron
wires are banded to the outer ends of the tubes of the plastic expansion nails
fixing the
alkali-resistant netting fabric 5-1 or steel mesh 5-2 or bamboo-reinforced
screen 5-3
and the plastic expansion nails. The embodiment facilitates assembly of the
alkali-
resistant netting fabric or steel mesh or bamboo-reinforced screen.
Embodiment 10: as shown in Fig. 12, the embodiment is different from
Embodiment 1 or 2 in that the embodiment has a cement fiber plate or a calcium
silicate plate 8-2 which is bonded to one side or two sides of a part of the
core layers
3.
Embodiment 11: as shown in Fig. 12, the embodiment is different from
Embodiment 3 in that the embodiment has a cement fiber plate or a calcium
silicate
plate 8-2 which is bonded to one side or two sides of a part of the core
layers 3.
Embodiments 10 and 11 combine the cement fiber plate or calcium silicate
plate with the core layer which has the advantage of large rigidity after
combination
19
CA 02750884 2011-06-30
of the core layers and no bracing is required during plastering, but the
combination
and prefabrication cost is increased. It is preferred to bond, prefabricate
and combine
using the polyurethane foam glue or cement polymer mortar. It is not necessary
to
combine outside the pillar and girder of the frame i.e. the core layer is
still remained,
and only two sides or one side inside the openings of the frame formed by the
pillar
and girder of the frame are combined depending on convenience of construction.
In
order to ensure bonding of the plastered layer with the cement fiber plate or
calcium
silicate plate an interface agent is applied during plastering on the outside
of the
cement fiber plate or calcium silicate plate.
Embodiment 12: as shown in Fig. 15, the embodiment is different from
Embodiment 1 or 2 in that the embodiment further comprises a water-proof layer
15
located between the doors-windows and the outer protection layer 8. The doors-
windows are fitted on the water-proof layer 15 of the openings. The water-
proof layer
15 is bonded to the outer protection layer 8 of the windowsill, or to the
outer
protection layer 8 of the side wall of the openings, or to the outer
protection layer 8 on
the surroundings of the openings. The water-proof layer 15 is overlapped with
the
outer protection layer 8 on two sides. The water-proof layer 15 is a high
molecular
water-proof roll material.
Embodiment 13: as shown in Fig. 15, the embodiment is different from
Embodiment 3 in that the embodiment further comprises a water-proof layer 15
located between the doors-windows and the outer protection layer 8. The doors-
windows are fitted on the water-proof layer 15 of the openings. The water-
proof layer
15 is bonded to the outer protection layer 8 of the windowsill, or to the
outer
protection layer 8 of the side wall of the openings, or to the outer
protection layer 8 on
the surroundings of the openings. The water-proof layer 15 is overlapped with
the
outer protection layer 8 on two sides. The water-proof layer 15 is a high
molecular
water-proof roll material. It is suitable to use a water-proof roll material
having good
bonding with cement. The composite water-proof roll material of polyethylene
polypropylene SBC120 or polyethylene polyester is recommended to be used as
the
water-proof layer of the openings.
CA 02750884 2011-06-30
It is a common problem of buildings that the water-proofing of the openings
of the doors-windows, especially of the windowsills, is not well treated. In
present
time the water-proof mortar is applied to the side faces of the outdoor
openings of the
doors-windows and then the gap between the cement mortar and the shaped
materials
of the doors-windows is sealed by elastic water-proof sealing glues, but
sometimes
the water-proof mortar may crack. The key position of water-proofing of the
openings
is the windowsills, but it is advantageous to bond the water-proof layer on
the
surroundings of the openings. The water-proof roll material is bonded to the
outer
protection layers of the openings and the indoor and outdoor cement mortar
plastered
outer protection layers which satisfy the requirements of the overlapping
length. Then
two sides of the doors-windows are protected by the plasters.
Embodiment 14: the embodiment is different from Embodiment 1 or 2 in
that the core layer 3 of the embodiment is a light masonry which is a blown-
out
concrete wall or a slag ceramic masonry wall or a perlite masonry wall.
Embodiment 15: the embodiment is different from Embodiment 1 or 2 in
that the alkali-resistant netting fabric 5-1 or steel mesh 5-2 or bamboo-
reinforced
screen 5-3 are replaced by alkali-resistant glass fiber which is cut short
located inside
the outer protection layer 8. When the added quantity of the alkali-resistant
glass fiber
which is cut short in the cement mortar or fine stone concrete satisfies the
value
determined by the experiment, it can replace the alkali-resistant netting
fabric 5-1 or
steel mesh 5-2 or bamboo-reinforced screen 5-3.
The outer decoration of the composite wall body with the net plasters on
both sides of the invention can be processed by the pigment decoration,
decoration
bricks and curtain wall decoration. In the case of curtain decoration the
outdoor steel
bars of the aforementioned patent can be replaced by the steel plate bands
between
which the densely spread steel plate bands can conveniently be welded, or the
stainless steel bolts can be added to join the outdoor steel plate bands and
the steel
plates fixed inside the indoor outer protection layer for fitting the shaped
steel of the
heavy curtain wall decoration (for example the stone curtain wall).
Alternatively it is
also possible to densely spread the steel bars by means of the steel plates
and weld the
21
CA 02750884 2011-06-30
steel plates on the outdoor steel bars for welding with the shaped steel of
the light
curtain wall decoration such as the aluminum plastic plates.
Embodiment 16: as shown in Fig. 15, the embodiment has the water-proof
layer 15 which is bonded to the core layer 3 of the windowsill of the opening
or to the
light composite pillar 11 of the side wall of the opening, or to the light
composite
girder 12 on the upper side of the opening of the doors-windows (when no water-
proof layer 15 is bonded to the light composite girder 12). The water-proof
layer 15
which is the high molecular roll material is bonded to the inside and outside
plastered
outer protection layer 8-1 of the openings of the doors-windows. The
polyethylene
polypropylene composite water-proof roll material or the polyethylene
polyester
water-proof roll material having good affinity with the cement SBC120 is
recommended to be used.
The polyethylene polypropylene composite water-proof roll material or the
polyethylene polyester water-proof roll material SBC120 is made by the non-
woven
cloth or polyester cloth of polypropylene filament of high strength made by
the new
method of the hot melt spun bonding with the anti-aging agent and the main
adhesive
added to the linear polyenthylene resin of low density. The roll material
itself is the
thermal insulation material. The polyethylene polypropylene composite roll
material
has the merits of high tension strength, strong capability of anti-
penetration, good
flexibility of low temperature, low coefficient of linear expansion, easy
bonding, good
capability to suit deformation, wide temperature range of use, good duration
and has
the thickness of 0.6 mm and the standard value of tension strength 48 N/cm at
the
weight of 300 g/m2. The tension strength and duration of the polyethylene
polyester
water-proof roll material is better than that of the polyethylene
polypropylene
composite water-proof roll material. Bonding the water-proof roll material to
the
surroundings of the light composite girder by the cement mota cooperated with
the
adhesive or the cement polymer mortar can resist water and reinforce the
material.
Providing the water-proof layer on the core layer of the windowsill of the
opening not only can resist water, but also reinforce the inside and outside
tension
connection of the composite wall body. The polyethylene polypropylene
composite
water-proof roll material or the polyethylene polyester water-proof roll
material which
22
CA 02750884 2011-06-30
f !
itself is the high molecular thermal insulation material is flexible and can
be bonded
by the cement polymer mortar to the thin plasters with its total thickness of
1-3 mm
causing little increase of the heat transfer. If the steel mesh (usually the
wire net) is
provided on the windowsill of the opening to be inside and outside tension
connected,
then the heat transfer increases and it is not convenient for construction.
Therefore
providing the high molecular water-proof layer on the surroundings of the
windowsill
of the opening plays the rule of water-proofing, tension connection and the
heat
separation broken bridge, also its construction is convenient and the cost is
low. This
is the essential technical measure for protection of the door or window
openings of the
composite wall body from suffering of rain.
Calculations of the rigidity of the composite wall plate with the core layer
made of the high molecular material
1. Calculation of the rigidity of the C25 concrete of 1.Om width ,
B= 1 Ebh3 ,
12
where h-the thickness of the concrete plate;
E=2.8 x I 04N/mm 2 -the elastic modulus of the C25 concrete.
23
CA 02750884 2011-06-30
f
Table 1
The calculation table of the rigidity of the concrete plate
Thickness of calculation of the rigidity of the concrete
the concrete
plate (mm) (N-mm2/m)
150 1000X2.8X 104X 1503/12=787.5X 1010=7.875X 1012
160 1000X2.8X 104X 1603/12=955.73 X 1010=7.875X 1012
180 1000X2.8X 104X 1803/12=1361 X 1010=13.61 X 1012
2. Calculation of the rigidity of the composite plate of with the core layer
made of the high molecular material having the calculation width of 1.0 m (see
Fig.
17).
B 12 Eb[(h + 2a)3 - h3 ]
where h-the thickness of the core layer;
a-the thickness of the plastered layer; wherein the plastered layer is the
C 15 fine stone concrete;
E=2.8 x 104N/mm2-the elastic modulus of the C 15 concrete.
Table 2
The calculation table of the rigidity of the composite plate with a=30mm
B 12 Eb[(h + 60)3 - h3 )]
24
CA 02750884 2011-06-30
Thickness calculation of the rigidity of the composite thermal Insulation
of the core plate (N-mm2/m)
layer (mm)
150 1 OOOx2.2x 104(2103-1503)/12=1000x2.2x 107x(9261-3375)/12
=1079.1 x 1010=l0.79x 1012
is bigger than that of the C25 concrete of 160 mm in table 1
180 1 000x2.2x 104(2403-1803)/12=1000x2.2x 107 x(13824-5832)/12
=1465.2x 1010=14.65x 1012,
is bigger than that of the C25 concrete of 180 mm in table 1.
It can be seen from the calculations that for the composite wall body when
the thickness of the high molecular core layer reaches 150 mm, the rigidity of
the light
composite wall body is not less than that of the C25 concrete of 160 mm
thickness.
The weight of the composite wall body is 15% of the weight of the brick wall
of 370
mm thickness, 20% of the weight of the brick wall of 240 mm thickness, and 50%
of
the weight of the hollow slug ceramic wall of 200 mm thickness. Therefore the
earthquake action occurred in the wall body decreases 85%, 80% and 50%
correspondingly. The foam polyethylene Ben plate EPS has the effect of
absorption of
the earthquake action. Providing the alkali-resistant netting fabric or steel
mesh or
bamboo-reinforced screen inside and outside the wall body and anchoring with
the
base are liable to make the load-carrying light wall body satisfy the quake-
proof
requirements of the rear encountered earthquake action.
