Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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111'LE: METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING GEOLOGICAL
GRADATION FEATURING DISASTER PREVENTION AND
ECOLOGIC FUNCTION
(a) Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to a method for manufacturing
geologic gradation featuring disaster prevention and ecologic function, and
more particularly to the formation of an underground ecologic gradation layer
in or under surface paving of a road, a yard, or a vacant land, whereby when
rainwater falling on the ground surface above the gradation layer permeates
downward, the rainwater can be effectively and efficiently conducted into and
preserved in the gradation layer for storing and preserving water in a short
period, reducing the risk of flooding and providing an excellent propagation
environment for microbial strains and protozoa inhabiting in earth, thereby
helping maintaining soil wet and thus realizing regulation of temperature and
humidity of the surroundings and improving quality of earth.
(b) Description of the Prior Art
As the soil has the function of absorbing water, and can vaporize
humidity when contacting the atmosphere in a dry or hot environment to
generate a heat exchange effect with the atmosphere, and may automatically
regulate the humidity so as to avoid the occurrence of heat island effect.
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For conventional techniques of underground gradation, it is common to
use engineering gradation materials for road construction or the on-site
earth,
including aggregates, soils, or gravels, or a mixture of water permeable
concrete for filling. Although this allows for permeation of rainwater
therethrough and the gradation layer serves as a support for the upper-side
paving, yet in case of extremely heavy precipitation on the ground surface of
such a conventional gradation structure, the conventional gradation layer is
not
capable of quickly draining the rainwater, leading to significant accumulation
of rainwater on the ground surface and thus causing flood disasters.
Formation of an ecologic gradation layer that allows for effective water
permeation and water preservation is of vital importance. This is because
proper water preservation will help improving earth ecologic environment and
this creates a beneficial survival environment for micmorganisms and earth
protozoa inhabiting in earth. The microorganisms inhabiting in earth
generally include bacteria (eubacteria and archaea), fungi (filamentous fungi
and yeasts), and algae. The earth protozoa include for example amoeba and
ciliates. There are a huge number of ciliates existing in earth, and they make
a great contribution for decomposition of organic substances. Insects,
including ants, centipedes, aphids, and mites, help moving soils or digests
residual body portions of organisms and thus providing organic substances.
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Earthworms may help formation of soil pellets, which are good for air
ventilation and water draining. Nematodes help digesting organic matters or
other small creatures. There are also vertebrates inhabiting in earth, such as
mice, which dig and loosen soil, and provide excrements for fertilizing earth.
They are also a member of an underground food chain.
Earth microorganisms play an important role in keeping qi mit/ of earth,
and also cast significant influence for the environment of the Earth. The
existence of earth organisms is a vital factor for change and quality of earth
environment.
In view of the above discussed issue, the present invention aims to
provide a method for manufacturing geological gradation layer featuring
disaster prevention and ecologic function, which converts an underground
gradation layer into an ecological gradation layer to activate organic
substances contained in soil and improve global warming problem.
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SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Thus, an objective of the present invention is to provide a method for
manufacturing geological gradation layer featuring disaster prevention and
ecologic function, which allows rainwater permeating downward from surface
paving to be efficiently collected and preserved, in order to reduce the risk
of
flood disasters and to make replenishment for underground water resources
that help supplying water in a draughty period.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method for
manufacturing geological gradation layer featuring disaster prevention and
ecologic function, which upgrades an underground gradation layer into an
ecological gradation layer, which ensures high water content so that when the
outside temperature gets high, water contained in the gradation layer is
converted into vapor to be released to the atmosphere in order to regulate
surrounding temperature and humidity and thus eliminate or alleviate heat
island effect and improve the global warming problem.
A further objective of the present invention is to provide a method for
manufacturing geological gradation layer featuring disaster prevention and
ecologic function, which allows the underground soil to provide an excellent
inhabiting environment for a large number of microorganisms and earth
protozoa, whereby with the microorganisms and the protozoa being
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effectively cultured and an excellent propagation environment being formed,
the microorganisms and protozoa inhabiting in earth may help decomposing
organic substances, promoting nitrification, performing de-nitrification,
activating soil, and improving earth ecologic environment.
5 To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a for
manufacturing geological gradation layer featuring disaster prevention and
ecologic function, which uses on-site earth or engineering gradation materials
commonly adopted in road construction, including aggregates, soils, gravels,
or a mixture of water permeable concrete, and most importantly, added with
uniquely arranged hollow bodies to form an ecological gradation layer. The
ecological gradation layer provides an effect of supporting ground surface and
also provides the functions of water storage, water preservation, and
improving earth, whereby earth microorganisms and earth protozoa may
establish a beneficial survival environment in earth, making the gradation
layer exhibiting the characteristics of high water content and prompting
breeding of microorganisms. When the temperature of the atmosphere gets
high, water contained in soil may be released as vapor to alleviate the heat
island effect and when rainwater precipitates, the rainwater can be collected
and stored for use in draughts, thereby reducing the risk of flooding.
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Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for
manufacturing a gradation, comprising the steps of: providing a
gradation materials for road construction; mixing hollow bodies in the
gradation material in such a way that the hollow bodies are spaced from
each other by the gradation material present therebetween, each of the
hollow bodies comprising a shell in which through apertures are formed
and substantially uniformly distributed in the shell; and laying the
gradation material with the hollow bodies mixed therein on a surface to
form a geological gradation in which the hollow bodies are
substantially uniformly and discretely distributed.
The foregoing objectives and summary provide only a brief
introduction to the present invention. To fully appreciate these and
other objects of the present invention as well as the invention itself, all
of which will become apparent to those skilled in the art, the following
detailed description of the invention and the claims should be read in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Throughout the
specification and drawings identical reference numerals refer to
identical or similar parts.
Many other advantages and features of the present invention will
become manifest to those versed in the art upon making reference to the
detailed description and the accompanying sheets of drawings in which
a preferred structural embodiment incorporating the principles of the
present invention is shown by way of illustrative example.
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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG 1 is a schematic view showing an artificial geological layer of
gradation constructed in accordance with the present invention.
FIG 2 is a schematic view showing a gradation layer containing hollow
bodies mixed therein according to the present invention.
FIG 3 is an exploded view showing various structures of hollow bodies
that provide different functions according to the present invention.
FIG 4 is a schematic view showing forming water permeable surface
paving on the gradation layer according to the present invention.
FIG 5 is a schematic view showing complete formation of water
permeable surface paving on the gradation layer according to the present
invention.
FIG 6 is a schematic view showing a gradation layer according to the
present invention containing therein hollow bodies that are accommodated in
bags.
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The following descriptions are exemplary embodiments only, and are not
intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of the invention
in
any way. Rather, the following description provides a convenient illustration
for implementing exemplary embodiments of the invention. Various
changes to the described embodiments may be made in the function and
arrangement of the elements described without departing from the scope of the
invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Referring to FIG 1, the present invention provides a method for
geological gradation layer featuring disaster prevention and ecologic
function.
The geologic structure according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG 1
comprises a water stratum 10, an underground soil stratum 20, a gradation
layer 30, an interfacing layer 40, a water drain layer 50, and surface paving
60.
The gradation layer 30 may use on-site earth or gradation materials commonly
used for road construction, including aggregates, soils, gravels, a mixture of
water-permeable concrete, and additionally and of importance, comprising
unique hollow bodies 31. All the constituent components are mixed and laid
on the bottom, and then subjected to pressurization for ramming.
Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the gradation layer according to the present
invention comprises hollow bodies 31 of specific functions mixed in gradation
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materials commonly used for road construction or on-site earth. Each hollow
body 31 comprises a shell in which a plurality of through apertures 32 is
formed.
The earth used in the gradation layer may comprise aggregates, soils,
gravels, or a mixture of water permeable concrete, and additionally and
selectively comprising other gradation materials that are of no harm to the
environment. The hollow bodies 31 that show specific functions are
preferably in the form of sphere, for a spherical structure is more resistant
to
compression stress fiom any direction and provides the greatest void volume
in the gradation layer. However, the hollow body 31 may adopt other
shapes.
Referring to FIG 3, the hollow body 31 is composed of two halves, each
constituting a shell member 31a, 3 lb, adhesively bonded together to form a
hollow body, or fit to each other with stepped surfaces formed in jointing
edges to form the hollow body, or combined to each other through buckling
structures to form the hollow body, or alternatively an integrally formed
unitary hollow body is made with blow molding or perfusion molding.
Preferably, the hollow bodies are made of plastics, but they can be made of
other traditionally used materials or recycled materials. The shell of the
hollow body is made of a wall of great thickness and the shell forms a
plurality
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of through apertures 32 therein. The hollow bodies 31 used in the present
invention can be made as engineering hollow body for different uses, such as a
disaster-prevention water-storage hollow body, or an earth improvement
hollow body, or a microorganism-culture hollow body or a water-keeping
5 hollow body, or any type of hollow body that meet the need for on-site
use.
The disaster-prevention water-storage hollow body is applied by mixing
the hollow bodies 31 having shelling forming through apertures 32 in the
gradation layer 30, whereby in case of extremely high precipitation falling on
the ground surface, when the surface paving 60 conducts the rainwater
10 downwards, the hollow interior space of each of the hollow bodies 31
contained in the gradation layer 30 piovides a space for collection of water
by
having water that is absorbed in the gradation layer 30 through the apertures
32 of the shells into the interior space of the hollow body, so that
protection
against risk of local flooding can be done in a short period. When surface
water permeation is no longer in progress, with a sufficient time lapse,
penetration gradunIly conducts the water into the underground soil stratum 20
and the underground water stratum 10. With the temporal storage of water in
the disaster-prevention water-storage hollow bodies and then gradually
released, the ground surface may acquire an effect of efficient water drain
and
replenishment of underground water resources in a short period.
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The earth-improvement hollow body is constructed by depositing a
carbon-contained substance 33, such as active carbon or binchotan, or an
earth-improvement agent desired for improvement of local earth, in the
interior space thereof With the earth-improvement hollow bodies mixed in
the gradation layer, the carbon-contained substance 33 functions to absorb and
activate acidifying substance or harmful substance entraining water that
penetrates downward and passes through the earth-improvement hollow
bodies or that contained in the surrounding soil, so as to realize improvement
of earth quality
The microorganism-culture hollow body is constructed by depositing
selected microbial strains 34 in the interior space thereof to serve as an
excellent culture site for a large quantity of microorganisms. With the
microorganism-culture hollow bodies mixed in the gradation layer,
microorganisms can be effectively cultured and an improved environment for
propagation is provided. The earth micloorganisms so cultured can help
decomposing organic substance contained in the soil, prompting nitrification,
performing de-nitrification, and improving ecological environment of earth.
The water-keeping hollow body is constructed by filling a water
absorption substance 35 in the interior space thereof, such as sponge or other
water absorptive materials that are not decomposable by microorganisms, so
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that when the water-keeping hollow bodies are mixed in the gradation layer,
the water absorption substance 35 helps to absorb water when water flows
through the hollow bodies so as to keep water from flowing away from the
earth that ensures sufficient supply of water for survival and propagation of
microorganisms and also improving water preservation and increasing water
content in dry area. In case of high temperature on the ground surface, the
high content of water in the earth allows water to be converted into vapor
that
is then released to the environment for heat exchange with the environment so
that the heat island effect can be eliminated or alleviated.
Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, a schematic view is shown to demonstrate
that surface paving 60 is being formed on the gradation layer 30 after the
gradation layer 30 according to the present invention has been completely
laid.
In the embodiment illustrated, the surface paving is water permeable paving,
which comprises a framework 61 in which a plurality of drainpipes 62 is
arranged. The framework 61 comprises plastic bars that connect the
drainpipes. Cement grout 63 is then poured into the framework and is
allowed to cure to form rigid concrete paving. Further, for paving 60 that is
constructed in a water impermeable fashion, a top layer that is water
permeable may be added thereon, in which water permeability being realized
through for example paving that comprises water drain holes drilled therein by
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means of drilling tools, lawn, water permeable bricks, water permeable
asphalt,
and water permeable concrete. This provides the same result of being used
in combination with the gradation layer 30 to construct a gradation layer
featuring environmental protection and ecologic function, and thus providing
the same effect of improving global warming.
Referring to FIG 6, in the embodiment illustiated, the gradation layer 30
is formed of on-site earth or gradation material traditionally used for road
construction, which is mixed with hollow bodies 31, which provide specific
functions, according to the present invention. The hollow bodies 31 can be
arranged in such a way that a plurality of hollow bodies are received and
accommodated in a net bag to form a bag-contained hollow body unit 32. A
plurality of bag-contained hollow body units 12 may be positioned together
and mixed with on-site earth to make as a gradation layer. This also provides
the same effects as discussed above.
In summary, the gradation layer according to the present invention is
effective in collecting and storing rainwater that falls on and permeates
downward through ground surface into the gradation layer, where the
gradation layer, when being saturated with the rainwater, guides the rainwater
through the apertures formed in shells of the hollow bodies into the bodies to
be stored therein. As such, the water so stored can be supplied for survival
of
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regulation of temperature and humidity through the underground water
can be realized especially in a dried area to maintain living of plants
and prevent desertification. In hot time, the wet earth can release vapor
to the atmosphere for regulating the temperature of the atmosphere. As
such, a method for manufacturing geological gradation featuring
disaster prevention and ecologic function is provided.
It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or
two or more together may also find a useful application in other types
of methods differing from the type described above.
