SUBSTITUTED TETRACYCLINE COMPOUNDS

COMPOSES DE TETRACYCLINE SUBSTITUEE

English Abstract

The present invention pertains, at least in part, to novel substituted
tetracycline compounds.
These tetracycline compounds can be used to treat numerous tetracycline
compound-responsive
states, such as bacterial infections and neoplasms, as well as other known
applications for
minocycline and tetracycline compounds in general, such as blocking
tetracycline efflux and
modulation of gene expression.

Claims

CLAIMS:
1. A compound of Formula I:
<IMG>
wherein:
X is CHC(R13Y'Y), CR6'R6, C=CR6'R6, S, NR6, or O;
R2, R4', and R4" are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
alkoxy,
alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, arylalkyl, aryl,
heterocyclic,
heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
R4 is NR4'R4", alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, hydroxyl, halogen, or hydrogen;
R2', R3, R10, R11 and R12 are each hydrogen or a pro-drug moiety;
R5 is hydroxyl, hydrogen, thiol, alkanoyl, aroyl, alkaroyl, aryl,
heteroaromatic,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino,
arylalkyl, alkyl carbonyloxy, or aryl carbonyloxy;
R6 and R6' are each independently hydrogen, methylene, hydroxyl, halogen,
thiol,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or
an arylalkyl;
R7 is alkyl substituted isoxazolyl, fluorine substituted pyridinyl, boronic
acid,
fluorine substituted alkenyl, haloalkyl substituted alkenyl, alkylcarbonyl
substituted
alkenyl, halogen substituted alkyl, cyclopropyl substituted methyl or -SO3H;
R8 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, thiol, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
aryl, alkoxy,
alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, amino, arylalkenyl,
arylalkynyl, acyl,
aminoalkyl, heterocyclic, thionitroso, or -(CH2)0-3NR8c C(=E')ER8a;
R9 is hydrogen;
R8a, R8b, R8c, R8d, R8e, and R8f are each independently hydrogen, acyl, alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino,
arylalkyl, aryl,
heterocyclic, heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
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R13 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, aryl,
alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
E is C8d R8e, S, NR8b or O;
E' is O, NR8f, or S; and
Y' and Y are each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano,
sulfhydryl,
amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino,
or an arylalkyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
2. The compound of claim 1, wherein R4 is NR4'R4", X is CR6R6'; R2, R2', R6,
R6', R8,
R9, R10, R11, and R12 are each hydrogen; R4' and R4" are lower alkyl; and R5
is hydroxy or
hydrogen.
3. The compound of claim 2, wherein R4' and R4" are each methyl and R5 is
hydrogen.
4. The compound of claim 3, wherein R7 is alkyl substituted isoxazolyl.
5. The compound of claim 4, wherein said alkyl substituted isoxazolyl is
methyl
substituted isoxazolyl.
6. The compound of claim 4, wherein said alkyl substituted isoxazolyl is
dimethyl
substituted isoxazolyl.
7. The compound of claim 3, wherein R7 is fluorine substituted alkenyl.
8. The compound of claim 3, wherein R7 is alkylcarbonyl substituted alkenyl.
9. The compound of claim 8, wherein said alkylcarbonyl substituted alkenyl is
methylcarbonyl substituted alkenyl.
10. The compound of claim 9, wherein said methylcarbonyl substituted alkenyl
is
methylcarbonyl substituted ethylenyl.
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11. The compound of claim 8, wherein said alkylcarbonyl substituted alkenyl is
alkylcarbonyl substituted ethylenyl.
12. The compound of claim 3, wherein R7 is fluorine substituted pyridine.
13. The compound of claim 3, wherein R7 is haloalkyl substituted alkenyl.
14. The compound of claim 13, wherein said haloalkyl substituted alkenyl is
trifluoroalkyl substituted alkenyl.
15. The compound of claim 14, wherein said haloalkyl substituted alkenyl is
trifluoromethyl substituted alkenyl.
16. The compound of claim 3, wherein R7 is halogen substituted alkyl.
17. The compound of claim 16, wherein said halogen substituted alkyl is
trifluoro
substituted alkyl.
18. The compound of claim 3, wherein R7 is cyclopropyl substituted methyl.
19. The compound of claim 3, wherein R7 is a boronic acid.
20. The compound of claim 19, wherein said boronic acid is -B(OR b1)(OR b2),
wherein
R b1 and R b2 are each hydrogen or alkyl, or are optionally linked to form a
ring.
21. The compound of claim 3, wherein R7 is -SO3H.
22. A compound of Formula II:
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<IMG>
wherein:
X is CHC(R13Y'Y), CR6'R6, S, NR6, or O;
R2, R4', and R4" are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
alkoxy,
alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, arylalkyl, aryl,
heterocyclic,
heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
R4 is NR4'R4", alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyl, halogen, or hydrogen;
R2', R3, R10, R11 and R12 are each hydrogen or a pro-drug moiety;
R5 is hydroxyl, hydrogen, thiol, alkanoyl, aroyl, alkaroyl, aryl,
heteroaromatic,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino,
arylalkyl, alkyl carbonyloxy, or aryl carbonyloxy;
R6 and R6' are each independently hydrogen, methylene, hydroxyl, halogen,
thiol,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or
an arylalkyl;
R7 is unsubstituted pyridinyl, alkoxy substituted alkyl, or halogen
substituted
pyridinyl;
R8 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, thiol, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
alkoxy,
alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
R9 is -CH2SR9a, -CH2S(=O)R9a, -CH2S(=O)2R9a, SO3H, alkoxy substituted alkyl,
nitro, unsubstituted alkyl, amino, or -(NR9c)C(=Z')R9a;
Z' is O, S, or NR9f;
R9a, R9c, and R9f are each independently hydrogen, acyl, alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl,
alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, arylalkyl, aryl,
heterocyclic,
heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
R13 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio,
alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl; and
Y' and Y are each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano,
sulfhydryl,
amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino,
or an arylalkyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
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23. The compound of claim 22, wherein X is CR6R6'; R2, R2', R6, R6', R8, R10,
R11, and
R12 are each hydrogen; R4 is NR4'R4"; R4' and R4" are each lower alkyl; and R5
is hydroxy
or hydrogen.
24. The compound of claim 23, wherein R4' and R4" are each methyl and R5 is
hydrogen.
25. The compound of claim 24, wherein R7 is unsubstituted pyridinyl.
26. The compound of claim 24, wherein R7 is alkoxy substituted alkyl.
27. The compound of claim 24, wherein R7 is halogen substituted pyridinyl.
28. The compound of claim 24, wherein R9 is unsubstituted alkyl.
29. The compound of claim 24, wherein R9 is -CH2SR9a.
30. The compound of claim 24, wherein R9 is -SO3H.
31. The compound of claim 24, wherein R9 is amino.
32. A compound of formula III:
<IMG>
wherein:
X is CHC(R13Y'Y), CR6'R6, S, NR6, or O;
R2, R4', R4", R7' and R7" are each hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy,
alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, arylalkyl, aryl,
heterocyclic,
heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
-96-

R4 is NR4'R4", alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, hydroxyl, halogen, or hydrogen;
R2', R3, R10, R11 and R12 are each hydrogen or a pro-drug moiety;
R5 is hydroxyl, hydrogen, thiol, alkanoyl, aroyl, alkaroyl, aryl,
heteroaromatic,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino,
arylalkyl, alkyl carbonyloxy, or aryl carbonyloxy;
R6 and R6' are independently hydrogen, methylene, hydroxyl, halogen, thiol,
alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino, or an
arylalkyl;
R7 is NR7'R7";
R8 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, thiol, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
alkoxy,
alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
R9 is CH2S(=O)R9a, alkoxy substituted alkyl, or propyl;
R9a is unsubstituted alkyl or a prodrug moiety;
R13 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio,
alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl; and
Y' and Y are each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano,
sulfhydryl,
amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino,
or an arylalkyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug
thereof.
33. The compound of claim 32, wherein R4 is NR4'R4"; X is CR6R6'; R7 is
NR7'R7", R2,
R2', R5, R6, R6', R8, R10, R11, and R12 are each hydrogen; and, R4', R4", R7',
and R7" are
each lower alkyl.
34. The compound of claim 33, wherein R4', R4", R7', and R7" are each methyl.
35. The compound of claim 34, wherein R9 is propyl.
36. The compound of claim 34, wherein R9 is alkoxy substituted alkyl.
37. The compound of claim 36, wherein said alkoxy substituted alkyl is
propyloxy
substituted alkyl.
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38. The compound of claim 37, wherein said propyloxy substituted alkyl is
propyloxy
substituted methyl.
39. The compound of claim 34, wherein R9 is CH2S(=O)R9a.
40. The compound of claim 39, wherein said R9a is methyl.
41. The compound of claim 39, wherein said R9a is ethyl.
42. A compound selected from the group consisting of:
<IMG>
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<IMG>
-99-

<IMG>
and pharmaceutically acceptable esters, enantiomers, amides, prodrugs, and
salts thereof.
43. Use of the compound of any one of claims 1 to 42, in the treatment of a
tetracycline responsive state.
44. The use of claim 43, wherein said tetracycline responsive state is a
bacterial
infection.
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45. The use of claim 44, wherein said bacterial infection is associated with
E. coli.
46. The use of claim 44, wherein said bacterial infection is associated with
S. aureus.
47. The use of claim 44, wherein said bacterial infection is associated with
E. faecalis.
48. The use of claim 44, wherein said bacterial infection is resistant to
other
tetracycline antibiotics.
49. Use of a composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1 to 42
and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, for the treatment of a tetracycline
responsive state.
50. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims
1 to
42 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
51. A compound selected from:
<IMG>
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and enantiomers thereof.
52. A compound selected from:
<IMG>
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and enantiomers thereof.
53. A compound selected from:
<IMG>
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and enantiomers thereof.
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54. A compound selected from:
<IMG>
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and enantiomers thereof.
55. A compound selected from:
<IMG>
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and enantiomers thereof.
56. A compound of Formula I:
<IMG>
wherein:
X is CR6'R6;
R2, R4', and R4 are each independently hydrogen or alkyl;
R4 is NR4'R4";
R2', R3, R10, R11 and R12 are each hydrogen;
R5 is hydrogen;
R6 and R6' are each hydrogen;
R7 is nitro, heterocyclic, alkyl, aminoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy,
alkylthio, carbonyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylalkyl, amino,
arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl,
or -(CH2)0-3NR7c C(=W')WR7a;
R8 is hydrogen;
R9 is hydrogen;
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R7a, R7b, R7c, R7d, R7e, and R7f are each independently hydrogen, acyl, alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino,
arylalkyl, aryl,
heterocyclic, heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
W is CR7d R7e, S, NR7b or O;
W' is O, NR7f, or S;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
57. A compound of formula III:
<IMG>
wherein:
X is CR6'R6;
R2, R4', R4", R7' and R7" are each independently hydrogen or alkyl;
R4 is NR4'R4";
R2', R3, R10, R11 and R12 are each hydrogen;
R5 is hydrogen;
R6 and R6' are each hydrogen;
R7 is NR7'R7";
R8 is hydrogen;
R9 is -C(=Z')R9a, CH2S(=O)R9a, -CH2OR9a, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl,
arylalkyl, heterocyclic, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, thionitroso, substituted
alkyl, or -(CH2)0-3
(NR9c)0-1C(=Z')(Z)0-1R9a;
R9a, R9b, R9c, R9d, R9e and R9f are each independently hydrogen, acyl, alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino,
arylalkyl, aryl,
heterocyclic, heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
Z is CR9d R9e, S, NR9b or O;
Z' is NR9f, O or S;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
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58. A compound selected from the group consisting of:
<IMG>
-104-

<IMG>
-105-

<IMG>
-106-

<IMG>
-107-

<IMG>
-108-

<IMG>
-109-

<IMG>
-110-

<IMG>
-111-

<IMG>
-112-

<IMG>
-113-

<IMG>
-114-

<IMG>
-115-

<IMG>
and pharmaceutically acceptable esters, enantiomers, amides, prodrugs, and
salts thereof.
59. A compound selected from:
<IMG>
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and enantiomers thereof.
60. A compound selected from:
<IMG>
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and enantiomers thereof.
61. A compound selected from:
<IMG>
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and enantiomers thereof.
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62. A compound selected from:
<IMG>
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and enantiomers thereof.
63. A compound selected from:
<IMG>
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and enantiomers thereof.
64. A compound selected from:
<IMG>
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and enantiomers thereof.
65. A compound selected from:
<IMG>
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and enantiomers thereof.
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66. A compound selected from:
<IMG>
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and enantiomers thereof.
67. A compound selected from:
<IMG>
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and enantiomers thereof.
68. Use of the compound of any one of claims 51 to 67, in the treatment of a
tetracycline responsive state.
69. The use of claim 68, wherein said tetracycline responsive state is a
bacterial
infection.
70. The use of claim 69, wherein said bacterial infection is associated with
E. coli.
71. The use of claim 69, wherein said bacterial infection is associated with
S. aureus.
72. The use of claim 69, wherein said bacterial infection is associated with
E. faecalis.
73. The use of claim 69, wherein said bacterial infection is resistant to
other
tetracycline antibiotics.
74. Use of a composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 51 to 67
and
a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, for the treatment of a tetracycline
responsive state.
75. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims
51
to 67 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
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Description

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
SUBSTITUTED TETRACYCLINE COMPOUNDS
This application is a divisional application of co-pending application Serial
No. 2,479,877, filed March 18, 2003.
Background of the Invention
The development of the tetracycline aftibiotics was the direct result of a
systematic screening of soil specimens collected from many parts of the world
for
evidence of microorganisms capable of producing bacteriocidal and/or
bacteriostatic
compositions. The first of these novel compounds was introduced in 1948 under
the
name chlortetracycline. Two years later, oxytetracycline became available. The
elucidation of the chemical structure of these compounds confirmed their
similarity and
furnished the analytical basis for the production of a third member of this
group in 1952,
tetracycline. A new family of tetracycline compounds, without the ring-
attached methyl
group present in earlier tetracyclines, was prepared in 1957 and became
publicly
available in 1967; and minocycline was in use by 1972.
Recently, research efforts have focused on developing new tetracycline
antibiotic compositions effective under varying therapeutic conditions and
routes of
administration. New tetracycline analogues have also been investigated which
may
prove to be equal to or more effective than the originally introduced
tetracycline
compounds. Examples include U.S. Patent Nos. 2,980,584; 2,990,331; 3,062,717;
3,165,531; 3,454,697; 3,557,280;3,674,859; 3,957,980; 4,01:8,889; 4,024,272;
and
4,126,680. These patents are representative of the range of pharmaceutically
active
tetracycline and tetracycline analogue compositions.
Historically, soon after their initial development and introduction, the
tetracyclines were found to be highly effective pharmacologically against
rickettsiae; a
number of grain-positive and gram-negative bacteria; and the agents
responsible for
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
lymphogranuloma venereum, inclusion conjunctivitis, and psittacosis. Hence,
tetracyclines became known as "broad spectrum" antibiotics. With the
subsequent
establishment of their in vitro antimicrobial activity, effectiveness in
experimental
infections, and pharmacological properties, the tetracyclines as a class
rapidly became
widely used for therapeutic purposes. However, this widespread use of
tetracyclines for
both major and minor illnesses and diseases led directly to the emergence of
resistance
to these antibiotics even among highly susceptible bacterial species both
commensal and
pathogenic (e.g., pneumococci and Salmonella). The rise of tetracycline-
resistant
organisms has resulted in a general decline in use of tetracyclines and
tetracycline
analogue compositions as antibiotics of choice.
Summary of the Invention:
In one embodiment, the invention pertains, at least in part, to substituted
tetracycline compounds of Formula I:
R7 RS 0
Rg X 00
NRW
R9
OR12
OR to O OR" O O
wherein:
X is CHC(R13Y'Y), CR6'R6, C=CR6'R6, S, NR6, on O;
R2, R2', R4', and R4" are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, allcoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino,
arylalkyl, aryl,
heterocyclic, heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
R4 is NR4'R4 alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,,hydroxyl, halogen, or
hydrogen;
R2', R3, R' , R" and R12 are each hydrogen or a pro-drug moiety;
R5 is hydroxyl, hydrogen, thiol, alkanoyl, aroyl, alkaroyl, aryl,
heteroaromatic, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino, arylalkyl, alkyl carbonyloxy, or aryl carbonyloxy;
R6 and R6' are each independently hydrogen, methylene, absent,
hydroxyl, halogen, thiol, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkylthio,
alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
R7 is boronic acid moiety, isoxazolyl, sulfonic acidheterocyclic, carbonyl,
alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, or
_(CH2)0_3NR7cC(=W')WR7a;
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
R9 is hydrogen, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkylthio,
alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylalkyl, amino, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl,
thionitroso(e.g., -
N=S), or 4CH2)0_3NR9cC(-Z')ZR9a;
Z is CR9dR9e, S, NR9b or 0;
Z' is 0, S, or NR9
W is CR7dR7e, S, NO or 0;
W' is 0, NR7f S
R7a, R7', We, R7d' R7e' R9a, R9b' R9'' R9d' and R9e are each independently
hydrogen, acyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino, arylalkyl, aryl, heterocyclic, heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
R$ is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, thiol, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
R13 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio,
alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl; and
Y' and Y are each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano,
sulMydryl, amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino, or an arylalkyl, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters,
enantiomers,
and prodrugs thereof.
In an embodiment, the invention pertains to 7, 9-substituted tetracycline
compounds of Formula H:
R~ RS R4
Rg x W
1`1R2R2
Rs
OR12
OR10 O ORt 1 O O (II)
wherein:
X is CHC(R13Y'Y), CR6'R6, S, NR6, or 0;
are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl,
R2, R2', R4', and R4"
alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino,
arylalkyl, aryl,
heterocyclic, heteroaroratic or a prodrug moiety;
R4 is NR4'R4", alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyl, halogen, or hydrogen;
R2', R3, Rio, R11 and Rig are each hydrogen or a pro-drug moiety;
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
RS is hydroxyl, hydrogen, thiol, alkanoyl, aroyl, alkaroyl, aryl,
heteroaromatic, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino, arylalkyl, alkyl carbonyloxy, or aryl carbonyloxy;
R6 and R6' are each independently hydrogen, methylene, absent,
hydroxyl, halogen, thiol, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkylthio,
alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
R7 is -CH2NR7aRT', halogen,-CH2OR7a, substituted alkenylfuranyl,
pyrazinyl, pyridinyl, alkyl, acyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy,
alkylthio,
alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylalkyl, amino, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, or
4CH2)o_
3N127cc(_w,)WR7a;
R8 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, thiol, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
R9 is -CH2SR9a, -CH2S(=O)R9a, _CH2S(_O)2R9a, -CH2NR9aR9b, SO3H,
aminoalkyl, furanyl, substituted alkyl, -(CH2)0_3 (NR9c)o_1C(=Z')(Z)0_1R9a,
nitro, alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy,,alkylthio,alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl,
arylalkyl, amino,
arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, thionitroso, or -(CH2)0_3 (NR9o)o-iC(=Z')(Z)o-tR9a;
Z is CR9dR9e, S, NR9b or 0;
Z' is 0, S, or NR9f;
W is CR7dR7e, S, NRT' or 0;
W' is O, NR7f S;
R7a, Rte', R7e, R7d, R7e, R9a, R9b, R9c, R9d, and R9e are each independently
hydrogen, acyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl,
allcylamino, arylalkyl, aryl, heterocyclic, heteroaromatic or a prodrug
moiety;
R13 is hydrogen,hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio,
alkylsulfmyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl; and
Y' and Y are each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano,
sullbydryl, amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamnino, or an arylalkyl, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts,
enantiomers,
prodrugs, and amides thereof, provided that R7 and R9 are not both
unsubstituted phenyl.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
The invention pertains, at least in part to minocycline compounds of
formula III:
R7 RS R4
R$ x OR3
\ I \ , NRZRZ.
R9
OR'Z
ORiO O OR" O O (III)
wherein:
X is CHC(R13Y'Y), CR6'R6, S, NR6, or 0;
R2, R4', R4", R7' and R7" are each hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, allcynyl, alkoxy,
alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, arylalkyl, aryl,
heterocyclic,
heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
R4 is NR4'R4", alkyl, alkenyl, alky nyl, aryl, hydroxyl, halogen, or hydrogen;
R2', R3, R10, Ru and R12 are each hydrogen or a pro-drug moiety;
R5 is hydroxyl, hydrogen, thiol, alkanoyl, aroyl, alkaroyl, aryl,
heteroaromatic,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino,
arylalkyl, alkyl carbonyloxy, or aryl carbonyloxy;
R6 and R6' are independently hydrogen, methylene, absent, hydroxyl, halogen,
thiol, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfon il,
alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
R7 is NR7'R7", alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, hydroxyl, halogen, or hydrogen;
R8 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, thiol, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
alkoxy,
alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
R9 is -C(=Z')R9a, CH2S(= 0)R9a, LCH2OR9a, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl, arylalkyl, heterocyclic, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl,
thionitroso,substituted
alkyl, or -(CH2)o-3 (NR9c)0_, C(=Z')(Z)o-iR9a;
Z is CR9aR9e, S, NR9b or 0;
Z'isNR9,OorS;
R9a, R9b, R9c, R9d, R9e and R9f are each independently hydrogen, acyl, alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino,
arylalkyl,
aryl, heterocyclic, heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
R8 is hydrogen', hydroxyl, halogen, thiol, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
alkoxy, alkylthio,
alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
-5-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
R13 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio,
alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
Y' and Y are each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano,
sulfhydryl,
amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
aicylsulfonyl,
alkylamino, or an arylalkyl, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, amides,
enantiomers,
esters and prodrugs thereof
The invention also pertains to 8 substituted tetracycline compound of the
formula lY:
R7 RS R,
x OR3
I I NR2R2
R9 =
OR12
R10 0 OR" 0 O (IV)
wherein:
X is CHC(R13Y'Y), CR6'R6, S, NR6, or 0,
R2, R4', R4", R7' and R7" are each hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy,
alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, arylalkyl, aryl,
heterocyclic,
heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
R4 is NR4'R4", alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, hydroxyl, halogen, or hydrogen;
R2', R3, R10, R11 and R12 are each hydrogen or a pro-drug moiety;
R5 is hydroxyl, hydrogen,thiol, alkanoyl, aroyl, alkaroyl, aryl,
heteroaromatic,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino,
arylalkyl, alkyl carbonyloxy, or aryl carbonyloxy;
R6 and R.6' =are independently hydrogen, methylene, absent, hydroxyl, halogen,
thiol, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
R7 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, thiol, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
aryl,
alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylalkyl, amino,
arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl,
acyl, aminoalkyl, heterocyclic, thionitroso, or -(CH2)0-3 (NR7o)o-1C(=W,)WR7a;
R8 is hydroxyl, halogen, thiol, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy,
alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, amino, arylalkenyl,
arylalkynyl, acyl,
aminoalkyl, heterocyclic, thionitroso, or-(CH2)o-3(NRB%_1C(=E')ER8a;
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
R9 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, thiol, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
aryl, alkoxy,
alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylalkyl, amino, arylalkenyl,
arylalkynyl, acyl,
aminoalkyl, heterocyclic, thionitroso, or _(CH2)0_3NR9cC(=Z')ZR9a;
R7a Rn' R7c Rya R'e R'f Rsa Rsb Rsc Rsd Rse R8 R9a R9b R9c R9a R9e and
Rsf are each independently absent, hydrogen, acyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
alkoxy,
alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, arylalkyl, aryl,
heterocyclic,
heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
8d 8e 8b
E is CRR, S, NR or 0;
E' is 0, NR8f, or S;
W is CR'dR'e, S, 0 or NR7b
W' is 0, NR7f, or S;
R13 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio,
alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
Y' and Y are each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano,
sulfhydryl,
amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino,
or an arylalkyl, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters and prodrugs
thereof.
In one embodiment, there is provided a compound of Formula I:
R7 R5 R4
8
R x OR3
NR2R2
R9
R'
O
OR10 O ORI1 O O (I)
wherein:
X is CHC(R13Y'Y), CR6'R6, C=CRWR6, S, NR6, or 0;
R2, R4', and R4" are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, arylalkyl, aryl,
heterocyclic,
heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
R4 is NR4'R4", alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, hydroxyl, halogen, or hydrogen;
R2', R3, R10, R" and R12 are each hydrogen or a pro-drug moiety;
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
R5 is hydroxyl, hydrogen, thiol, alkanoyl, aroyl, alkaroyl, aryl,
heteroaromatic, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino, arylalkyl, alkyl carbonyloxy, or aryl carbonyloxy;
R6 and R6' are each independently hydrogen, methylene, hydroxyl, halogen,
thiol, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
R7 is alkyl substituted isoxazolyl, fluorine substituted pyridinyl, boronic
acid, fluorine substituted alkenyl, haloalkyl substituted alkenyl,
alkylcarbonyl substituted
alkenyl, halogen substituted alkyl, cyclopropyl substituted methyl or -SO3H;
R8 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, thiol, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
aryl,
alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, amino,
arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl,
acyl, aminoalkyl, heterocyclic, thionitroso, or 4CH2)0-3NR8cC(=E')ER8a;
R9 is hydrogen;
R8a, RSb, R8C, R8d, Rse, and R8f are each independently hydrogen, acyl, alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino,
arylalkyl, aryl,
heterocyclic, heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
R13 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, aryl,
alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
E is CR8dR8e, S, NRBb or 0;
E' is 0, NR8 , or S; and
Y' and Y are each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano,
sulfhydryl, amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino, or an arylalkyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In another further embodiment, the invention pertains, at least in part, to
methods
for treating subjects for tetracycline responsive states by administering to
them an
effective amount of a tetracycline compound of the invention, e.g., a compound
of
formula I, II, III, IV, or a tetracycline compound otherwise described herein.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
Detailed Description of the Invention:
The present invention pertains, at least in part, to novel substituted
tetracycline
compounds. These tetracycline compounds can be used to treat numerous
tetracycline
compound-responsive states, such as bacterial infections and neoplasms, as
well as other
known applications for minocycline and tetracycline compounds in general, such
as
blocking tetracycline efflux and modulation of gene expression.
The term "tetracycline compound" includes many compounds with a similar ring
structure to tetracycline. Examples of tetracycline compounds include:
chlortetracycline,
oxytetracycline, derneclocycline, methacycline, sancycline, chelocardin,
rolitetracycline,
lymecycline, apicycline; clomocycline, guamecycline, meglucycline,
mepylcycline,
penimepicycline, pipacycline, etamocycline, penimocycline, etc. Other
derivatives and
analogues comprising a similar four ring structure are also included (See
Rogalski,
"Chemical Modifications of Tetracyclines"). Table
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
depicts tetracycline and several known other tetracycline derivatives.
Table 1
H3C OH OH _N(t"~e)1 a H OH N(Mc)= N(Me)= N(Meh
OH OH OH
ONH= \ _ \ \ CONHz
OH ti
OH O OH. O OH OH 0 OH O
Oxytetracycline Demecloc cline Minocycline
CHz OH N(Me), C" OH NNOh G H~ OH N(Me)2
ON OH OH
CONH, OONHZ
H
OH O O H fl O O
Methacycline Doxycycline Chlortetrac cline
N(Me)z N( 6)z c", N(w)_
N, q OH
OH OH
NH, H.
OH O OH O O
"
Tetracycline Sancycline Chelocardin
Other tetracycline compounds which may be modified using the methods
of the invention include, but are not limited to, 6-demethyl-6-deoxy-4-
dedimethylaminotetracycline; tetracyclino-pyrazole; 7-chloro-4-
dedimethylaminotetracycline; 4-hydroxy-4-dedimethylaminotetracycline; 12a-
deoxy-4-
dedimethylaminotetracycline; 5-hydroxy-6cc-deoxy-4-
dedimethylaminotetracycline; 4-
dedimethylamino-12x-deoxyanhydrotetracycline; 7-dimethylamino-6-demethyl-6-
deoxy-4-dedimethylaminotetracycline; tetracyclinonitrile; 4-oxo-4-
dedimethylaminotetracycline 4,6-hemiketal; 4-oxo-11 a C1-4- -
dedimethylaminotetracycline-4,6-hemiketal; 5a,6-anhydro-4-hydrazon-4-
dedimethylanlino tetracycline; 4-hydroxyimino-4-dedimethylamino tetracyclines;
4-
hydroxyimino-4-dedimethylamino 5a,6-anhydrotetracyclines; 4-amino-4-
ded iethylamino-5a, 6 anhydrotetracycline; 4-methylamino-4-dedimethylamino
tetracycline; 4-hydrazono- 11 a-chloro-6-deoxy-6-demethyl-6-methylene-4-
dedimethylamino tetracycline; tetracycline quaternary ammonium compounds;
anhydrotetracycline betaines; 4-hydroxy-6-methyl pretetramides; 4-keto
tetracyclines; 5-
keto tetracyclines; 5a, 11 a dehydro tetracyclines; 11 a CI-6, 12 hemiketal
tetracyclines;
11a CI-6-methylene tetracyclines; 6, 13 diol tetracyclines; 6-
benzylthiomethylene
tetracyclines; 7, 11 a -dichloro-6-fluoro-methyl-6-deoxy tetracyclines; 6-
fluoro (a)-6-
demethyl-6-deoxy tetracyclines; 6-fluoro ((3)-6-demethyl-6-deoxy
tetracyclines; 6-a
acetoxy-6-demethyl tetracyclines; 6-0 acetoxy-6-demethyl tetracyclines; 7, 13-
epithiotetracyclines; oxytetracyclines; pyrazolotetracyclines; 11 a halogens
of
tetracyclines; 12a formyl and other esters of tetracyclines; 5, 12a esters of
tetracyclines;
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
10, 12a- diesters of tetracyclines; isotetracycline; 12-a-deoxyanhydro
tetracyclines; 6-
demethyl-12a-deoxy-7-chloroanhydrotetracyclines; B-nortetracyclines; 7-methoxy-
6-
demethyl-6-deoxytetracyclines; 6-d.emethyl-6-deoxy-5a-epitetracyclines; 8-
hydroxy-6-
demethyl-6-deoxy tetracyclines; monardene; chromocycline; 5a methyl-6-demethyl-
6-
deoxy tetracyclines; 6-oxa tetracyclines, and 6 thia tetracyclines.
1. 7-Substituted Tetracycline Compounds
In one embodiment, the invention pertains to novel 7-substituted
tetracycline compounds.
The term "7-substituted tetracycline compounds" includes tetracycline
compounds with substitution at the 7 position. In one embodiment, the
substitution at
the 7- position enhances the ability of the tetracycline compound to perform
its intended
function, e.g., treat tetracycline responsive states. In anembodiment, the 7-
substituted
tetracycline compound is 7-substituted tetracycline (e.g., wherein R4 is
NR4'R4", R4' and
R4" are methyl, R5 is hydrogen and X is CR6R6', wherein R6 is methyl and R6'
is
hydroxy); 7-substituted doxycycline (e.g., wherein R4 is NR4'R4"> R4' and R4"
are
methyl, R5 is hydroxyl and X is CR6R6', wherein R6 is methyl and R6' is
hydrogen); 7-
substituted tetracycline compound, wherein X is CR6R6', R4, R5, R6', and R6
are
hydrogen; or 7- substituted sancycline (wherein R4 is NR4'R4", R4' and R4" are
methyl;
R5'is hydrogen and X is CR6R6' wherein R6 and R6' are hydrogen atoms.
The invention pertains, at least in part, to 7-substituted tetracycline
compound of Formula I:
R7 Rs W
8 x OR'
I NRZRZ'
R9
OR
12
OR's O OR" " O O
wherein:
X is CHC(R13Y'Y), CR6'R6, C=CR6'R6, S, NR6, or 0;
R2, R2', R4', and R4" are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino,
arylalkyl, aryl,
heterocyclic, heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
R4 is NR4'R4", alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, hydroxyl, halogen, or
hydrogen;
R2', R3, R10, RI1 and R12 are each hydrogen or a pro-drug moiety;
R5 is hydroxyl, hydrogen, thiol, alkanoyl, aroyl, alkaroyl, aryl,
heteroaromatic, alkyl, alkenyl, allcynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino, arylalkyl, alkyl carbonyloxy, or aryl carbonyloxy;
R6 and R6' are each independently hydrogen, methylene, absent,
hydroxyl, halogen, thiol, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkylthio,
alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
R7 is boronic acid moiety, isoxazolyl, sulfonic acidheterocyclic, carbonyl,
alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, or -
(CH2)0.3NR7cC(=W')WR7a;
R8 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, thiol, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
R9 is hydrogen, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkylthio,
alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylalkyl, amino, arylalkenyl, arylalkenyl,
thionitroso(e.g., -
N=S), or -(CH2)0-3NR9cC(=Z' )7R9a;
Z is CR9dR9e, S, NR9b or 0;
Z' is O, S, or NR9
W is CR7dR7e, S,NR7b or 0;
W' is 0, NR7f S;
R7a, 0, R7o, R7d, R7e, R9a, R9b, R9c, R9d, and R9e are each independently
hydrogen, acyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino, arylalkyl, aryl, heterocyclic, heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
R13 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio,
alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl; and
Y' and Y are each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano,
sulfhydryl, amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino, or an arylalkyl, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
In certain embodiment, R7 is not nitro or amino.
In an embodiment, X is CR6R6'; R2, R2', R6, R6', R8, R9, R10, R11, and R12
are each hydrogen; R4 is NR4'R4"; R4' and R4" are lower alkyl (e.g., methyl);
and R5 is
hydroxy or hydrogen.
In a further embodiment, R7 is hydrogen or alkyl. In another
embodiment, R7g is alkyl, heterocyclic, or aralkyl, e.g., benzyl.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
In certain embodiments, R79 and R7f are linked to form a ring. R7g and
R7 can be linked with a chain to form rings of 3-8 atoms, such-as carbon
(e.g., to form a
piperidinyl ring), oxygen (e.g, morpholinyl, etc.), nitrogen (e.g., pyrazinyl,
piperazinyl,
etc.).
In another embodiment, R7 is furanyl. In a further embodiment, the furan
is substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, which itself
may be
substituted by one or more heterocyclic groups.
In another further embodiment, R7 is a non-aromatic heterocycle. In a
further embodiment, the heterocyclic R7 group does not contain any double
bonds, e.g.
the heterocyclic R7 group is saturated. Examples of saturated heterocyclic R7
groups
include but are not limited to, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, etc.
In another further embodiment, R7 comprises a carbonyl group. For
example, in a further embodiment, R7 is of the formula -(C=O)-R77, wherein R77
is
alkcarbonyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heterocyclic or aralkyl. In a
further
embodiment, R77 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. In another embodiment,
the alkyl
R77 group is substituted with a heterocycle, such as, but not' limited to
morpholine,
piperidine, or piperazine.
In an embodiment, R7 is' aryl. Examples of aryl R7 groups include
substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. The phenyl R7 group can be substituted
with any
substituent which allow the tetracycline compound to perform its intended
function.
Examples of substituents include, but are not limited to, alkyl, alkenyl,
halogen,
hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkyloxycarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxy,
alkoxycarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy carboxylate,
alkylcarbonyl, alkylaminoacarbonyl, arylalkyl aminocarbonyl,
alkenylaminocarbonyl,
alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aminoalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl,
alkoxycarbonyl, silyl, arninocarbonyl alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate, aralkyl,
phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino,, acylamino, amido, imino, sulfhydryl,
alkylthio, sulfate, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato,
sulfamoyl,
sulfonamido, nitro, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, aryl and
heteroaryl. In certain
embodiments, R7 is phenyl substituted with a sulfonyl amino or
alkylcarbonylamino
group-
In a further embodiment, the phenyl R7 group is substituted with
substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. Examples of substituents of the alkyl
include
heterocycles such as, morpholine, piperidine, and pyrrolidine. In another
further
embodiment, the phenyl R7 group is substituted -with an amino group. The amino
group
also may be further substituted e.g., with an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
carbonyl, alkoxy or
-11-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
aryl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted, heteroaryl, phenyl, etc.) group. The
phenyl
amino substituent may be substituted with any substituent or combination of
substituents
which allow it to perform its intended function. Examples of such substituents
include
halogens (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, etc.), amino (e.g., which
can in turn
be substituted with an alkyl, carbonyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl moiety), and
arylamino
(e.g., phenylamino).
The R7 phenyl group may also be substituted with alkoxy groups.
Examples of alkoxy groups include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy,
propoxy,
butoxy, perfluoromethoxy, percuoromethoxy, methylenedioxy, etc. The phenyl
group
may also be substituted with an amide group such as a carbamate moiety (e.g.,
an
alkoxycarbonylamino group).
The aryl group R7 group also may be substituted or unsubstituted biaryl,
e.g., naphthyl, fluorenyl, etc. Thebiaryl R7 group can be substituted with any
substituent which allow it to perform its intended function.. Examples of
substituents
include but are not limited to, alkyl, alkenyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy,
alkylcarbonyloxy, alkyloxycarbonyl, carboxy, arylcarbonyloxy,
alkoxycarbonylamino,
alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl,
alkylaniinoacarbonyl, arylalkyl aminocarbonyl, alkenylaminocarbonyl,
alkylcarbonyl,
arylcarbonyl, aminoalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, allcoxycarbonyl,
silyl,
aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate, aralkyl, phosphonato,
phosphinato, cyano,
amino, acylamino, amido, imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, sulfate, arylthio,
thiocarboxylate,
alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, cyano, azido,
heterocyclyl,
alkylaryl, aryl and heteroaryl.
In an embodiment, the substituent is amino or formyl.
The aryl R7 group also may be heteroaryl. Examples of heteroaryl R7
moieties include, but are not limited to, furanyl, -imidazolyl,
benzothiophenyl,
benzofuranyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, pyridinyl, pyrazolyl,
benzodioxazolyl,
benzoxazolyl, benzotluazolyl, benzoimidazolyl, methylenedioxyphenyl, indolyl,
thienyl,
pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, purinyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isooxazolyl,
naphthridinyl, thiazolyl,
isothiazolyl, and deazapurinyl. In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl R7
group is
thiazolyl, thiophenyl, or furanyl.
R7 also may be substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. The alkyl group can be
a straight or branched chain, e.g., methyl, ethyl, i-propyl, n-propyl, n-
butyl, i-butyl, t-
butyl, pentyl, hexyl. etc. The alkyl group may also comprise a ring, e.g., a
cycloalkyl
(e.g., cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopropyl, or cyclobutyl). The alkyl R7
group may be
substituted with any substituent or combination of substituents which allows
the
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
compound to perform its intended function. Examples of substituents include,
but are
not limited to, alkenyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy,
alkyloxycarbonyl,
carboxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonyloxy,
aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, alkylaminoacarbonyl, arylalkyl
aminocarbonyl, alkenylaminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aminoalkyl,
arylalkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, silyl, aminocarbonyl,
alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate, aralkyl, phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino,
acylamino, amido, imino, sulfliydryl, alkylthio, sulfate, arylthio,
thiocarboxylate,
alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, cyano, azido,
heterocyclyl,
alkylaryl, aryl and heteroaryl.
In certain embodiments, the alkyl group is substituted with an amino,
hydroxy, carboxy, carbonyl (e.g., substituted carbonyl, e.g., morpholinyl
carbonyl),
heterocyclic or aryl groups. Examples heterocyclic groups include, for
example,
furanyl, imidazolyl,benzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl,
benzodioxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoimidazblyl,
methylenedioxyphenyl,indolyl, thienyl, pyridinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrimidyl,
pyrazinyl,
purinyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isooxazolyl, naphthridinyl, thiazoly-l,
isothiazolyl, and
deazapurinyl. ' In a further embodiment, the aryl group =is pyridinyl.
In a further embodiment, the aralkyl R7 group comprises substituted or
unsubstituted phenyl. This phenyl group also may be substituted with any
substituent
which allows it to perform its intended function. Examples of substituents
include, but
are not limited to, sulfonamido, alkyl, and the other substituents listed
supra for alkyl R7
groups.
R7 also may be substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl. Examples of
substituents include those which allow the compound to perform its intended
function.
Examples of substituents include but are not limited to alkyl,. halogen,
hydroxyl, alkoxy,
alkylcarbonyloxy,' alkyloxycarbonyl, carboxy, arylcarbonyloxy,
alkoxycarbonylamino,
alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl,
alkylaminoacarbonyl, arylalkyl aminocarbonyl, alkenylaminocarbonyl,
alkylcarbonyl,
arylcarbonyl, aminoalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl,
silyl,
aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate, aralkyl, phosphonato,
phosphinato, cyano,
amino, acylanxino, amido, imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, sulfate, arylthio,
thiocarboxylate,
alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, cyano, azido,
heterocyclyl,
alkylaryl, aryl and heteroaryl moieties.
-13-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
In a further embodiment, the alkenyl R7 group is substituted with an
aminocarbonyl (e.g., alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl,
dimethylaminocarbonyl) or alkoxycarbonyl. The alkenyl R7 group also may be
substituted with one or more -halogens (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine,
iodine, etc.),
hydroxy groups, heteroaryl groups (e.g., furanyl, imidazolyl, benzothiophenyl,
benzofuranyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzodioxazolyl, benzoxazolyl,
benzothiazolyl,
benzoimidazolyl, methylenedioxyphenyl, indolyl, thienyl, pyridinyl, pyrazolyl,
pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, purinyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isooxazolyl,
naphthridinyl, thiazolyl,
isothiazolyl, deazapurinyl, etc.). In an embodiment, the heteroaryl
substituent s
thiazolyl.
In a further embodiment, the alkenyl R7 group is substituted with a
substituted or unsubstituted phenyl.,, The phenyl can be substituted with any
substituent
which allows it to perform its intended function. Examples of substituents
include those
listed supra for other phenyl moieties. Other, examples of substituents
include, but are
not limited to, halogens (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine,
etc.),.alkoxy (e.g.,
methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, perfluoromethyl, perchloromethyl, etc.), hydroxy, or
alkyl
(e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl,'butyl, peenyl, hexyi, etc.) groups.
Another example of R7 -include. substituted and unsubstituted alkynyls.
The, alkynyl moieties can be substituted with. any substituent or combination
of
substituents which allow the tetracycline compound of the invention to perform
its
intended function. Examples of the substituents include, but are not limited
to alkyl,
halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkyloxycarbonyl, carboxy,
arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy,
carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, alkylaminoacarbonyl, arylalkyl aminocarbonyl,
alkenylaminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aminoalkyl,
arylalkylcarbonyl,
alkenylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, silyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl,
phosphate,
aralkyl, phosphonato, phosphinato, cyan, amino, acylamino, amido, imino,
sulfhydryl,
alkylthio, sulfate, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato,
sulfamoyl,
sulfonamido, nitro, cyan, azido, heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, aryl and heteroaryl
moieties.
In an embodiment, the alkynyl R7 moiety is substituted with an aryl, e.g.,
substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, phenyl, etc. This aryl moiety may be
substituted
with any substituent or combinations of substituents listed supra for the
alkynyl R7
moiety. Examples of advantageous substituents include, but are not limited to,
carbonylamino (e.g., alkylcarbonylamino, dialkylcarbonylamino,
arylcarbonylamino,
etc.) and sulphonamido groups.
-14-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
In another embodiment, the alkynyl R7 group is substituted with a
tetracycline moiety., The term "tetracycline moiety" includes a four ring
tetracycline
ring system as described above. This may be connected to the alkynyl R7 group
through
a linker of 1-20 atoms. The linker may be attached to the tetracycline moiety
at any _
position on that ring system which is convenient or allows the compound to
perform its
intended function. In a certain embodiment, the tetracycline moiety is
attached to the
linker at its 7 position.
Other examples of R7 moieties include substituted and unsubstituted
alkylcarbonyl amino, sulfonamido, imino and carbonyl moieties. The carbonyl
moieties
may be substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group. Examples
of
possible substituents of the alkyl group include, but are not limited to, aryl
moieties such
as phenyl and heteroaryls (e.g., pyridinyl, etc.). Examples. of substituents
of the imino
group include, but are not limited to, hydroxy and alkoxy groups.
In another embodiment, R7 is NR7o(C=W)WR7a. Examples of
tetracycline compounds of the invention include compounds wherein R7 is
hydrogen,
W' is oxygen and W is oxygen. In certain embodiments, R7a is substituted or
unsubstituted,phenyl. Examples of substituents include, but are not limited
to, alkyl,
halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkyloxycarbonyl, carboxy,
alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonyloxy,
aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, alkylaminoacarbonyl, arylalkyl
aminocarbonyl, alkenylaminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aminoalkyl,
arylalkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, silyl, aminocarbonyl,
alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate, aralkyl, phosphonato, phosphinato, cyan, amino,
acylamino, amido, imino, sulfhydryl, alylthio, sulfate, arylthio,
thiocarboxylate,
= alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, cyano, azido,
heterocyclyl,
alkylaryl, aryl and heteroaryl. In a further embodiment, R7a is substituted
or,
unsubstituted alkyl.
In a further embodiment, R4 is NR4'R4 X is CR6R6'; R2, R2', R6, R6', R8,
R9, R10, R11, and R12 are each hydrogen; R4' and R4õ are lower alkyl; and R5
is hydroxy
or hydrogen. R4' and Ron maybe methyl, for example, and R5 may be hydrogen.
In a further embodiment, R7 is a substituted pyrolle. The pyrolle may be
substituted with a carbonyl moiety, such as, for example substituted or
.unsubstituted
alkoxycarboynyl.
In another embodiment, R7 is a substituted pyrazine. Examples of
substitutents include substituted or unsubstituted alkoxycarbonylamino groups,
an
alkaminocarbonylamino groups, and alkylaminocarbonyl groups.
-15-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
In another embodiment, R7 is substituted pyridine. Examples of
substituents include halogens. In another embodiment, R7 is alkenyl and
substituted
with a halogen (e.g., fluorine), or, a carbonyl group. In another embodiment
R7 is
pyrazolyl.
In another embodiment, R7 is -C(-W')WR7a, and W' is NR7 , W is
CR7dR7e, and R7a is hydrogen. In a further embodiment, R7 is alkoxy.
In yet another embodiment, R7 is -NR7cC(=W')WR7a, R7` is hydrogen,
W' is NH, W is NR7b, andR7a and R7b taken together are heterocyclic, e.g.,
pyrollidine.
In another embodiment, R7 is a boronic acid. Examples of boronic acids
include compounds wherein R7 is -B(ORb)(ORb1 2) and Rbt and Rb2 are.each
hydrogen or
alkyl, and optionally linked to form a ring..
In another embodiment, R7 is a sulfonic acid, or an ester or prodrug
thereof Examples of sulfonic acids include -S03H.
In yet another embodiment, R7 is isoxazolyl. R7 may be substituted or
unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the isooxazole is substituted with, for
example, alkyl
groups.
Other examples of tetracycline compounds include the following:
O On
. CM
off - _ pH `,. H
a1 o W 0 o O OH O O ( \ i
OH
"10 0
HX \N/
1:i
O O
r H =
OH
/ ~ ~ Hty
OH O OH O O
OH O OH O O
ON
M O OH O
-16-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
' N v ~ o ~ NH
ON o p
Y
ON I / ~a
ON O ON O p \
OH
/\^/) OH O O
N
/ \ HNa 11 \~
ON
ON O O
ON
ON O O O
F
\
/ ~ F' MHa
H H ON
ON ON o O
Na
OH O O O
NH \ L 1
N N ~ / ~GI
~~ O OH O
ON
ON
/ \ t NNa
SH I \ r NFia
ON o H o p
ON
0
NN HN 0.
it
o à OH
h ~ ~ ~ h f
oN
\ N I / \ NMa
ON O OH O O
ON ON O ON O
ON 0 ON 0 0
- I l ~-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19 \ ~ F \ OH
ON O OH O O
OH O OH O O
~'' I I \N/ \
N _H
O H/ = OH
I \ f
NH2
/ ~ ~ off I 4..0H OH OH O
0 0
off
NH.
0"
/, \ NNS OH H O O
OH o OH O
H \N_ / H \~' \
OK CH
NHS \ i aH
ON off /
OH O OH O O OH O OH O O ZH
0 0
P
~ f1N
i "~ a o 0 if
oil
off O off o 0
/ HHI
ON O ON O O
-AV

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
F F
F I NH 17/
NN
O0 H ~1 {
/ \ ,t NHi
ox o off o 0
N
/ H
HN
\ - H ON \ OH
oN o o 0
off
_ + NHa ~ ~
\ - p OH
OH OH O O -ir
OH O OH 0 0
CO
O H H\~ I \ H 60-
OH SOH
NHa OH OH O OH H O
0
N IuI
' V O\
o / \N/ HN NN
n n \ ( ~
oN o o H v
OH I / \ 3 Hz
/ NH OH
O OH O O
OH
OH O 0+1 O O
J'.
HN/ v F I \
N N
\H/ o \
_H H
OH
H zH / \ NHa
VYy
OH OH
OH O OH O 0
/ \ = Ciiz
Oti
OH .. O 0
-19-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
V
`. N s off off
IAP" Mi. NH,
OH O OH O O
OH o oil o
OH O ON O O
F
II F F
\N/
r H \ ~
off
OH I \ T / HH'
OH O OH O pN
OH
OH O O 0
F F
f` / f
/v\lI F ~K
HN ~ N-yw
N ON O OH oN
O
O ~
HN
HN
off H H ox
o 0 0
MHz
ON O OH O =
QH
OH 0 OH 0 0
N
N
HN O \~ I \
_ / \ NH=
N H off off
OH O OH O O
/ I / \ NHZ
OH 0 OH 0 0
0

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
po O
N II
O
~ `
J \ _ H
~ ~ 1 =
Nth
OH o OH o o \ i
off
OH O H O
HN" v O~ HN F N N y
\ \ b
I \ ON
H \ i pq~
OH o O O
\ NM=
P pH
ON O ON O
OH O H O o
HH
0.
p
" ~ " off !+ N
\ I. HN
ON O O" O O OH O ON O O
OH O H O
0 ON o
CH I-~ ~ C?t _H _H OH = J]
i
\ _ ~_ OH OH OOH O" O OH O O H
O O
N
\N~ p H
~ _H v \ c = H \ J
i
\ = = OH
/ \ - NN1
OH ON O OH O O OH O OH O O
OH O OH O O
-21-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
O 0
O
HN \ \
off
O OH O O
izt'c \ NHZ OH
OH O O O
NN
HN N/ v \CI HN
H
O
_~
OH NH2 x .60
OR OH
E
H
H O O O OH O OH O O
N N~ = \N~
V H
/ \ 9NFI 2
IiJJIiP4H2
OH
ON O OH O O OH OH O OH O O
OH O OH O O
O
^I /H b
NN' v H~ ~Ofi O
i H \ N_ c N - _ off
OH
/ \ off NH2
NH2
/ \ :
o OH 0 o 6G.". H
OH Y.
OH 0 OH 0 0
/ \ / \N~ H H o Oft
\ F = _ OH NH2
NH2 / \ E H O OH OH / \ = OH
OH O O
OH O OH O O
-22-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
b ~{ i r H \
tl F
/ NHZ / \ _ NH= \ aH
ON OH
O O
OH 0 OH O 0 OH O OH W
~H~ = I
NO
(IH" \\~~V~JJJJ
r \ j
oil
/ NHx ~ off ' 0 0
~ } eH o 0 0
SOH
OH O OH O O
NH.
OH H H
O H O O \ Z ~ H
NH
BM
06 OH O H
1~
~H/ N ~ \
N H c
H f.,
/ \ - oil I \ {
OH O a{ O O 111 / \ Nth o"
_ o ox o
OH
OH O OH O
O" N /N ~N/ p `
H h \ ~ 3
Ntx
tp I / \
OH O 011 O O \ Ntx CH
OH O OI O
CH
a{ O a{ O o n
OH OH H H H b
NA,
~ \ HH
D O
CN O a{ O O OH OH O nH OH OH
n n
-23-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
H p b z i i
ib aH
o Ho 0 0 off o ax o 0
(j ~~ F
\ =6C ~ N e
a I\ - I on o at o
OH 0 OH OH0 0 01 0 0 1 0 0
HJG 3
CI ":P-,j4.CH3 H XF3
OH O OHOHO O OH O OH OH O O
CH
CH A CH 0 O
o
/ t%C NCFL 0 \ I / HP ICH3
H H
Hc~ of
OH
CH H OH O OH O 0
CH 0 CH 0 0 (H o 0H0 0
H,, .CN 3
/
F6C y N X I-6 I / . ",p CH3 3
H
H3C .CH3
H
CH 0 CHGH O 0 OH O OHOH0 O
/ \ I z
0H
OH 0 OH 0 0
0 0CHj
3 N-,, CH3 F1C,N~CHa N,~, CFt F3CN'CH3
H:P-'N-Cli3 H H = H H
H H = \ _ ' \ = OH
CH 0 cti 0 O OH 0 0IiOH0 0 OH 0 OHOH0 0
-24-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
OH N H O~
lip .CH, H H
H H I OH
aH CH o CH o OH
CH O CH 0 0 OH 0 OH 0 0
d tl -
\ _ = OH /N\ \~~ \tf
~ _ H s
H f \ Ã ~ i OH
N1z \
OH O OH O O \ off
OH
o off o O OH o 0
w 0
\N/
T ~ ~ t L ai H H
\ - H
F!
OH OH _
O OH
CH O R/ O O OH O OH O
OH O OH O n
\ \ II - OH
M2 M2
Ai
OH
OH O HD 0 0 CH 0 CH 0
CH3
\ H,C 6fHtPC ,CH,
N Kc- -C it
OH OH H O 0H0 0 CH o CHOH0 0 CH 0 OH 0 0
Hp 3
C1 H JC -CHa
H H H
/ :\ I I H_ H_
z / \ s HZ
OH O OHIO O OH O OHOH0 O
CH
CH 0 CH O O
/ H,C 0-6 0 Hp CHa
H H H H
\ Hc~ c~6 - H
N H
CH 0 CH~0 0 CH o CHCHO 0 off o off o 0
-25-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
H,P CH3
H,C.
HP 10'3
H K= H H=
CH O CHCH0 O OH 0 OHOH0 O
/ \ _ I H2
OH
OH 0 OH 0 0
H H N
I~cl
OH
CI-' N\ Cf4 H3C.N.C NH2
H H = -
H y= \ OH O OH O
H~ N CH
CH O CH0 O OH 0 OH OHO O
CI O CH3 O-N
N
6001P H N OH H OH
NHZ p NH2
NHZ OHO HQ O O H O OH O
CH-3 \N/ r CH3 N
ti Fi OH N i F N
I / \ = NH2 H" ~/ OH H OH
OH O OHO O / NH2 / \ = NHZ
OH o o OH O OHO O
~~ F
N
o O \ \N/ F F \/ N
H H N H H- OH H H OH
NH2 NH2 / = NH2
OH O off O OH O OHP O O OH O OH O
OF
F F O CH3 O
F CN2 H H N HN O \N/ HN H H N
\ - - OH _
H H \ - OH
/ \ = NH2 OH NHz
NH - O
2
OH O HO O H O OH
OH 0 OHO O O
F
F O SAOH
F CH3 N H H = OH
H H OH H OH
NHZ
/ \ = NHZ NH2 OH O OH O O
OH O OHO O O OH O OHO O
-26-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
CH2
H H =
OH
NH2
OH O OHO 0
and pharmaceutically acceptable enantiomers, amides, salts, prodrugs, and
esters
thereof.
2. 7,9-Substituted Tetracycline Compounds
The invention also pertains, at least in part to 7,9-substituted tetracycline
compounds.
The term "7,9-substituted tetracycline compounds" includes tetracycline
compounds with substitution at the 7 and 9- positions. In one embodiment, the
substitution at the 7- and 9- positions enhances the ability of the
tetracycline compound
to perform its intended function, e.g., treat'tetracycime responsive states.
In an
embodiment, the 7,9-substituted tetracycline compound is 7,9-substituted
tetracycline
(e.g., wherein R4 is NR4'R4"; R4' and R4" are methyl, AS is hydrogen and X is
CR6R6',
wherein R6 is methyl and R6' is hydroxy); 7,9-substituted doxycycline (e.g.,
wherein R4
is NR4'R4"; R4' and R4" are methyl, R5 is hydroxyl and X is CR6R6', wherein R6
is methyl
and R6' is hydrogen); or 7, 9- substituted sancycline (wherein R4 is NR4'R4";
R4' and R4"
are methyl; R5 is hydrogen and X is CR6R6' wherein R6 and R6' are hydrogen
atoms. In
an embodiment, the substitution at the 7 position of the 7, 9-substituted
tetracycline
compound is not chlorine or trimethylamino. In one embodiment, R4 is hydrogen.
The 7, 9=substituted tetracycline compounds of the invention include
compounds of Formula II:
R7 R5 R4.
x ow
9 I ? I NRZR'
R
)R12
OR10 0 ORII 0 0 (II)
wherein:
X is CHC(R13Y'Y), CR6'R6, S, NR6, or 0;
R2, and R4" are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino,
arylalkyl, aryl,
heterocyclic, heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
-27-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
R4 is NR4'R4", alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyl, halogen, or hydrogen;
R2', R3, R10, R" i and R12 are each hydrogen or a pro-drug moiety;
R5 is hydroxyl, hydrogen, thiol, alkanoyl, aroyl, alkaroyl, aryl,
heteroaromatic, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino, arylalkyl, alkyl carbonyloxy, or aryl carbonyloxy;
R6 and R6' are each independently hydrogen, methylene, absent,
hydroxyl, halogen, thiol, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, allcoxy, alkylthio,
alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
R7 is -CH2NR7ae, halogen,-CH2OR~a, substituted alkenylfuranyl,
pyrazinyl, pyridinyl, alkyl, acyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy,
alkylthio,
alkylsulfinyl, akylsulfonyl, arylalkyl, amino, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, or -
(CH2)o_
3NR7cC(=W')WR7a;
R8 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, thiol, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
R9 is -CH2SRga, -CH2S(=O)Rga, -CH2S(=0)2R9a, -CH2NR9aR9b, S0311,
aminoalkyl, furanyl, substituted alkyl, -(CH2)o_3 (NR9o)o-iC(=Z')(Z)0_1R9a,
nitro, alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl,
arylalkyl, amino,
arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, thionitroso, or -(CH2)0_3 (NR9o)0_1C(=Z')(Z)0_1R9a;
Z is CR9aR9e, S, NR9b or 0;
Z' is O, S, orNR9
W is CR7dR7e, S, NR7b or 0;
W'is 0,NR7fS;
R7a, R7b, R7c, R7d, R7e, R9a, R9b, R9 , R9d, and We are each independently
hydrogen, acyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino, arylalkyl, aryl, heterocyclic, heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
R13 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio,
alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl; and
Y' and Y are each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano,
sulfhydryl, amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino, or an arylalkyl, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,
provided that
R7 and R9 are not both unsubstituted phenyl.
The tetracycline compounds of the invention include, for example,
compounds wherein X is CR6R6'; R4 is NR4'R4"; R2, R2', R6, R6', Ra, R10, R11,
and R12
are each hydrogen; R4' and R4" are lower alkyl; and R5 is hydroxy or hydrogen.
In an
embodiment, R4' and e are each methyl and R5 is hydrogen. The tetracycline
-28-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
compounds of the invention include each possible combination of R7 and R9
substituents
discussed below.
In an embodiment, R7 is alkylamino, e.g., CH2-NR7gR7 * In a further
embodiment, R7f is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heterocyclic, or
aralkyl. R7f
may be substituted with any substituent which allows the tetracycline compound
to
perform its intended function. In a further embodiment, R7F, is alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl,
aryl, heterocyclic, or hydrogen.
In another embodiment, R7 may be substituted or unsubstituted aryl, e.g.,
heteroaryl, e.g., furanyl. In another embodiment, R7 may be alkyl, e.g.,
methyl, ethyl,
propyl, etc.
In an embodiment, R7 is aryl (e.g., heteroaryl or substituted or
unsubstituted phenyl). The phenyl R7 group may be substituted with one or more
substituents. Examples of substituents of phenyl R7 groups include alkyl,
alkenyl,
halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkyloxycarbonyl,
arylcarbonyloxy,
alkoxycarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate,
alkylcarbonyl, alkylaminoacarbonyl, arylalkyl aminocarbonyl,
alkenylaminocarbonyl,
alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aminoalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl,
alkoxycarbonyl, silyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate; arallcyl,
phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino, acylamino, amido, imino, suifhydryl,
alkylthio, sulfate, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato,
sulfamoyl,
sulfonamido, nitro, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, aryl and
heteroaryl.
In certain embodiments, the substituent is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl
(e.g.,
methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, etc.), nitro, halogen (e.g., fluorine, bromine,
chlorine,
iodine, etc.), amino (e.g., unsubstituted amino, alkyl amino, dialkylamino
(e.g.,
dimethylamino), or alkoxy (methylenedioxy or methoxy).
R7 also maybe substituted or unsubstituted alkyl(e.g., methyl, ethyl, i-
propyl, n-propyl, t-butyl, i-butyl, ii=butyl, pentyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, or
hexyl). The alkyl
maybe branched or straight chain and may comprise a ring, e.g., a cycloalkyl
ring, e.g.,
cyclohexyl ring.
The alkyl R7 group may be substituted with any substituent which allows
the tetracycline compound to perform its intended function. Examples-of
substituents
include, but are not limited to, alkenyl, halogen (e.g., fluorine, chlorine,
bromine,
iodine, etc.), hydroxyl, alkoxy (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, perchloromethoxy,
perfluoromethoxy, etc.), alkylcarbonyloxy, alkyloxycarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxy,
arylcarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy,
carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, alkylaminoacarbonyl, arylalkyl aminocarbonyl,
-29-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
alkenylaminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aminoalkyl,
arylalkylcarbonyl,
alkenylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, silyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl,
phosphate,
aralkyl, phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino, acylamino, amido, imino,
sulfhydryl,
alkylthio, sulfate, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato,
sulfamoyl,
sulfonamido, nitro, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, aryl and
heteroaryl.
Examples of heterocyclic substituents include N-isoindole-[1,3]-dione
(e.g., phthalimide). In an embodiment, the substituent is arylcarbonylamino,
e.g.,
heteroaryl carbonyl amino. The heteroaryl group may be, for example,
pyridinyl. Other
examples of substituents include amino or carboxylate.
In another embodiment, R7 is acyl, e.g., acetyl.
In yet another embodiment, R7 is substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl.
Examples of substituents include those which allow the tetracycline compound
to
perform its intended function. Examples of substituents include, but are not
limited to,
alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, etc.), alkenyl, halogen, hydroxyl,
alkoxy,
alkylcarbonyloxy, alkyloxycarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonylamino,
alkoxycarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate,
alkylcarbonyl, alkylaminoacarbonyl, arylalkyl aminocarbonyl,
alkenylaminocarbonyl,
alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aminoalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl,
alkoxycarbonyl, silyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate, aralkyl,
phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino, acylamino, amido, imino, sulfhydryl,
alkylthio, sulfate, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato,
sulfamoyl,
sulfonamido, nitro, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, aryl and
heteroaryl.
In a further embodiment, the aryl substituent is substituted or
unsubstituted phenyl. The phenyl also may be further substituted with one or
more
substituents which allow the compound to perform its intended function.
Examples of
phenyl substituents include, but are not limited to, alkoxy (e.g., methoxy).
Any of the above described R7 groups maybe combined with any of the
groups described below as R9 groups. In an embodiment, the invention pertains
to
tetracycline compounds wherein R9 is aminoalkyl. Examples of aminoalkyl R9
groups
include groups of the formula: -CH2-NR9gR9f. Examples of R9f groups include
substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heterocyclic,
aralkyl, and
hydrogen. In a further embodiment, R9f may be further substituted with any
substituent
which allow s the tetracycline compound to perform its intended function, for
example,
treat tetracycline associated states. Examples of 0 groups include substituted
and
unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heterocyclic, aralkyl, and
hydrogen. In a
further embodiment, R99 may be further substituted with any substituent which
allow s
-30-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
the tetracycline compound to perform its intended function, for example, treat
tetracycline associated states.
In a further embodiment, R9 is thioalkyl, e.g., CH2-S-R9h. In a further
embodiment, R9h is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heterocyclic, or
arallcyl. In one
embodiment, R9h is alkyl.
The, tetracycline compounds of the invention include compounds wherein
R9 is substituted or unsubstituted aryl (e.g., carbocyclic or heteroaryl). In
an
embodiment, R9 is substituted or unsubstitutedphenyl. The substituted phenyl
group
can be substituted with any substituent or combination of substituents which
allows the
compound to perform its intended function. Examples of substituents include,
but are
not limited to, alkyl, alkenyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy,
.alkyloxycarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonylamino, aikoxycarbonyloxy,
aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl,
alkylaminoacarbonyl,.:arylalkyl
aminocarbonyl, alkenylaminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aminoalkyl,
arylalkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl; alkoxycarbonyl, silyl, aminocarbonyl,
alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate, aralkyl, phosphonato, phosphinato, cyan, amino,
acylamino, anudo,imino,sulfhydryl, alkylthio, sulfate, arylthio,
thiocarboxylate,
alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamide, nitro, cyano, azido,
heterocyclyl,
alkylaryl, aryl and heteroaryl.
In a further embodiment, the phenyl R9 substituent is substituted or
unsubstituted alkyl, nitro, halogen, amino, or alkoxy (e.g., methylenedioxy).
The invention also includes compounds wherein R9 is substituted or
unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., methyl ethyl, i-propyl, n-propyl, i-butyl, t-butyl,
n-butyl,
pentyl, hexyl, etc.). The alkyl group may be substituted with any substituent
that allows
the compound to perform its intended function. Examples of the substituents
include,
but are not limited to, alkenyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy,
alkyloxycarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino,
alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, alkylcarbonylamino, carboxylate,
, lkylcarbonyl, alkylaminoacarbonyl, arylalkyl aminocarbonyl,
alkenylaminocarbonyl,
alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aminoalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl,
alkoxycarbonyl, silyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate, aralkyl,
phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino, acylamino, amido, imino, sulfhydryl,
alkylthio, sulfate, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato,
sulfamoyl,
sulfonamido, nitro, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, aryl and
heteroaryl.
-31-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
In an embodiment, wherein said substituent is unsubstituted amino. In a
further embodiment, the R9 group is aminomethyl. In another, the alkyl R9
group is
substituted with arylcarbonylamino (e.g., heteroarylcarbonylamino, e.g.,
pyridinylcarboynlamino) or alkylcarbonylamino.
In another further embodiment, the R9 alkyl group is substituted with a
heterocyclic substituent, such as, isoindole-[1,3]-dione (e.g., phthalimide).
In an embodiment, R7 is acyl, e.g., acetyl.
In yet another embodiment, R9 is substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl.
The alkynyl R9 group can be substituted with any substituent which allows the
tetracycline compound of the invention to perform its intended function.
Examples of
substituents include, but are not limited to, alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl,
propyl, butyl,
pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, etc.), alkenyl, halogen, hydroxyl; alkoxy,
alkylcarbonyloxy,
alkyloxycarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino,
alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl,
alkylaminoacarbonyl, arylalkyl aminocarbonyl, alkenyla.miriocarbonyl,
alkylcarbonyl,
arylcarbonyl, aminoalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, alkenylcrbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl,
silyl,
aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate,aralkyl, phosphonato, phosphinato,
cyano,
amino, acylamino, amido, imino, sulfliydryl,.alkylthio, sulfate, arylthio,
thiocarboxylate,
alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, cyano, azido,
heterocyclyl,
alkylaryl aryl and heteroaryl.
In a further embodiment, the aryl substituted alkynyl R9 moiety is, for
example, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. The phenyl may be substituted
with, for
example, alkoxy, e.g., methoxy. Examples of alkenyl substituents include
cycloalkenes
such as, cyclohexene_
In one embodiment, R9 is not unsubstituted phenyl when R7 is
unsubstituted phenyl.
In one embodiment, R7 is pyridinyl and R9 is alkyl substituted with
piperidine or alkylamino. In a further embodiment, R9 is -CH2-S(=O)2-alkyl, -
SO3H,
dodo, N02-CH2S-alkyl, -CH2-S(=O)-alkyl, amino, nitro, or -CH2O-alkyl.
In another embodiment, R7 is furanyl, and R9 is substituted or
unsubstituted aminoallcyl, or alkyl substituted with substituted or
unsubstituted
morpholine or piperdine.
In yet another embodiment R7 is -C(=W')WR7a, wherein W' is NR7 ; W
is CR7dR7e, and R7a is hydrogen and R9 is aminoalkyl. Examples of R7 include
alkoxy
and examples of R9 include alkylaminoalkyl. Each of these substituents may be
further
substituted.
-32-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
PCT/US03/08324
In another embodiment, R7 is iodo or chloro. In a further embodiment,
R9 is
In another embodiment, R7 is -CH2O-alkyl and R9 is alkyl.
Examples of 7,9-substituted tetracycline compounds of the invention
.5 include those listed below:
ON
off
NNi ON On o O O
HN ~ OH O OH o p off
ON
. O1 O O
My4
'lop
HHZ
N OH
OH O ON O 0. O O O
Y
O OH O
MM NN
0 on o
'FiN I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \ Z WIZ
. OH a1
OH' O O O OH O OH o O
L n s p
\ - c OH N
NH, Hit ` r n
C"
ON OH
OH 0 OH o o on O OH 0
-0 - ~:
HaH / \ E
at
H o a o 0
-N
Ni
H H- H N H N
OH OH OH
(/ o NH2 NHz NHz
OH O OH O O 0H0 OH O OH O OH O O
~/ \ H N
H OH
N N N
H H OH Q=SI.O NH2 H H OH
NH2 H O OHO O NHZ
OH O OHO O H2N \ O
OH O OH O O
C! \Ni \ 10 N
H -
= OH / ~Ny
H H-_
H2N I / NH2 H = OH = OH
OH O OH O O O O NH2
NHz / \ O
OH O OH O O
OH O OH O
-33-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
Ni N ~ N
H OH H H OH H H= OH
O.N \ = NH2 / \ = NH2 N H
N
O OH O OHO O OH O OHO O \
\ -p
OH OW O
Ni \ CI HN 0, 40H H H N H H N
OH O _ NH2 - - OH
\ NH2 OH O OHO O /O \ - NH2
H OH O OHO O O O OH O
, O \N,
N - \N~ i CHftHO
H H N~ CI )?H H OH O OH H N WOO NH2 O N+ NH2
AN - NH2 H O "Or O OH H OH O O
CI Ni
H H - OH N
1 I/ \ O NHz H H N OH
OH O OH O O
2N WOHOP NH2
OH O
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, enantiomers, prodrugs, and
amides
thereof.
3. 9-Substituted Tetracycline Compounds
In another embodiment, the invention pertains to 9-substituted
tetracycline compounds.
The term "9-substituted tetracycline compounds" includes tetracycline
compounds with substitution at the 9 position. In one embodiment, the
substitution at
the 9- position enhances the ability of the tetracycline compound to perform
its intended
10- function, e.g., treat tetracycline responsive states. In an embodiment,
the 9-substituted
tetracycline compound is 9-substituted tetracycline (e.g., wherein R4 is
NR4'R4", R4' and
R4" are methyl, R5 is hydrogen and X is CR6R6', wherein R6 is methyl and R6 is
hydroxy, and R7 is hydrogen); 9-substituted doxycycline (e.g., wherein R4 is
NR4'R4",
are methyl, R5 is hydroxyl and X is CR6R6', wherein R6 is methyl and R6' is
R4' and e'
hydrogen, and R7 is hydrogen); 9- substituted minocycline (wherein R4 is
NR4'R4", R4'
and R4" are methyl; R5 is hydrogen and .X is CR6R6' wherein R6 and R6' are
hydrogen
atoms, and R7 is dimethylamino); 9-substituted 4-dedimethylamino tetracycline
compound, wherein X is CR6R6', R4, R5, R6', R6, and R7 are hydrogen; and 9-
substituted
sancycline (wherein R4 is NR4'R4", R4' and R4" are methyl; R5 and R7 are
hydrogen and
X is CR6R6 wherein R6 and R are hydrogen atoms).
-34-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
The invention also pertains, at least in part, to tetracycline compounds of
Formula Ell:
R7 RS R4
X XCOIRW
NRW'
R9
OR12
OR10 O ORS O O
wherein:
X is CHC(R13Y'Y), CR6'R6, S, NR6, or 0;
R2, R4' R4", R7' and R7" are each hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy,
alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, arylalkyl, aryl,
heterocyclic,
heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
R4 is NR4'R4", alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, hydroxyl, halogen, or hydrogen;
R2', R3, Rio, R" l and R12 are each hydrogen or a pro-drug moiety;
RS is hydroxyl, hydrogen, thiol, alkanoyl, aroyl, alkaroyl, aryl,
heteroaromatic,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl,
alicylamino,
arylalkyl, alkyl carbonyloxy, or aryl carbonyloxy;'
R6 and R6' are independently hydrogen, methylene, absent, hydroxyl, halogen,
thiol, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
R7 is NR7'RT', alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, hydroxyl, halogen, or hydrogen;
R8 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, thiol, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
alkoxy,
alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
R9 is C(=Z')R9a, CH2S(=O)R9a, -CH20R9a, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl, arylalkyl, heterocyclic, arylalkenyl, arylallcynyl, thionitroso
substituted
alkyl, or -(CH2)0-3 (NR9c)0-1 C(=Z')(Z)o-iR9a;
Z is CR9dR9e, S, NR9b or 0;
Z' is NR9f, O or S;
R9a, e, R9c, R9d, R9e and R9f are each independently hydrogen, acyl, alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino,
arylalkyl,
aryl, heterocyclic, heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
R8 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen; thiol, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
alkoxy, alkylthio,
alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
R13 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio,
alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
-35-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
Y' and Y are each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano,
sulfhydryl,
amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino, or an arylalkyl, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters and
prodrugs
thereof.
In an embodimt, the invention features compounds wherein X is CR6R6';
R2, R2', R5, R6, R6', R8, R9, RIO, R", and R12 are each hydrogen; R4 is
NR4'R4"; R7 is
NR7'R"' and R4', R4", R7', and R7" are each lower alkyl, e.g., methyl. In
certain other
embodiments, R7 maybe hydrogen.
In one embodiment, R9 is alkyl amino. For example, R9 may be -CH2-
NR9fR9g. Examples of R9f include but are not limited to hydrogen, alkyl,
alkenyl,
alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, etc. R9f may be substituted with any substituent which
allows the
minocycline compound of the invention to perform its intended function, e.g.,
treat
tetracycline associated states or other functions. In a further embodiment,
R9f is
hydrogen or alkyl.
In other embodiments, R9f and, R99 are-linked by a chain of from 0 to 5
atoms. The atoms maybe carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, etc. In certain
embodiments, the ring that is formed has 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 members. In other
embodiments, the ring that is formed is morpholinyl, piperidinyl, or
pyrazinyl. The ring
may be substituted or unsubstituted.
In certain embodiments, 0 is heterocyclic (e.g., piperidinyl, piperazmyl,
morpholinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, etc.) In.other embodiments, 0 is aralkyl.
R99 may
comprises a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, or may comprise a
substituted
or unsubstituted phenyl group. In other embodiments, R99 is substituted or
unsubstituted
heteroaryl or phenyl.
In other embodiments, R9 is substituted :amino. In certain embodiments,
R9 is amino substituted with a heterocyclic group, such as, but not limited
to,
morpholinyl, piperazinyl, or piperidinyl. In other embodiments, R9 is
substituted or
unsubstituted aralkylamino, e.g., substituted or unsubstituted benzylamino.
In yet other embodiments, R9 may also be furanyl. In further
embodiments, furanyl R9 groups may be substituted with one or more
substituents, such
as, but not limited to, heterocyclic groups and other moieties which allow the
minocycline compound of the invention to perform its intended function.
Other examples of R9 include substituted and unsubstituted aryl groups.
The aryl groups include substituted and unsubstituted heteroaryls (e.g.,
furanyl,
imidazolyl, benzothiophenyl, benzofiuranyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl,
benzodioxazolyl,
-36-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoimidazolyl, methylenedioxyphenyl, indolyl,
thienyl,
pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, purinyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isooxazolyl,
naphthridinyl, thiazolyl,
isothiazolyl, or deazapurinyl),substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, and groups
with more
than one aromatic ring, such as naphthyl.
Examples of substituents of R9 include, but are not limited to, alkyl,
alkenyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkyloxycarbonyl,
arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate,
alkylcarbonyl,
alkylaminoacarbonyl, arylalkyl aminocarbonyl, alkenylaminocarbonyl,
alkylcarbonyl,
arylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, silyl,
aminocarbonyl,
alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate, aralkyl, phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino,
acylamino, amido, imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, sulfate, arylthio,
thiocarboxylate,
alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, cyano, azido,
heterocyclyl,
alkylaryl, aryl and heteroaryl.
In a further embodiment, the aryl R9 group is substituted with one or
more substituents such as, for example, carboxylate, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
aryl,
heterocyclic, cyan, amino, halogen, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, amido,
alkylcarbonyl, or
nitro.
In another embodiment, R9 is substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl. The
alkynyl R9 group may be substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted aryl
group, such
as, for example, "phenyl. The possible substituents for the substituted phenyl
group
include, for example, those listed supra, for the aryl R9 group. Furthermore,
the
substituted alkynyl R9 group may be substituted with a heteroaryl (e.g.,
pyridinyl), alkyl
(e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,
cyclopentyl,
cyclohexyl, etc.), alkenyl (e.g., ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl,
hexenyl, etc.),
carboxylate, silyl (e.g., trialkylsilyl, e.g., trimethylsilyl), aralkyl, or a
alkyloxycarbonyl
group.
Each of these groups may also be further substituted, with such
substituents as alkyl, alkenyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy,
alkyloxycarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy,
carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, alkylaminoacarbonyl, arylalkyl aminocarbonyl,
alkenylaminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aminoalkyl,
arylalkylcarbonyl,
alkenylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, silyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl,
phosphate,
aralkyl, phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino, acylamino, amido, imino,
sulfliydryl,
alkylthio, sulfate, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato,
s.ulfamoyl,
sulfonamido, nitro, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, aryl and
heteroaryl.
-37-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
In a further embodiment, the alkynyl R9 group is substituted with an
aminoalkyl group. The aminoalkyl group may then also be substituted with, for
example, an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, acyl, carbonyl, or alkylsulfone group.
In another further embodiment, the alkynyl R9 group is substituted with a
cycloalkenyl group, such as, for example, cyclopentene.
In another embodiment, R9 is alkyl. The alkyl group may be substituted
or unsubstituted. Examples of alkyl groups include, for example, both straight
chain,
branched and cyclic alkyl groups. For example, alkyl groups include methyl,
ethyl, i-
propyl, n-propyl, i-butyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, pennyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl,
nonyl, decyl, etc.
Cyclic alkyl groups include groups with one or more rings, such as, for
example,
cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, etc. In an
embodiment, the alkyl R9 group is 2-cyclopentylethyl.
Examples of substituents of alkyl groups include, for example, halogens
(e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, etc.), hydroxyl, alkoxy (e.g.,
methoxy, ethoxy,
propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, perfluoromethoxy, perchloromethoxy, etc.),
alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy,
carboxylate, allcylcarbonyl, alkylaminoacarbonyl, arylalkyl aminocarbonyl,
alkenylaminocarbonyl,,carboxy, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl,
alkenylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, silyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl,
phosphate,
phosphonato, phosphinato, cyan, amino, acylamino, amido, in- no, sulfhydryl,
alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfate, alkylsulfinyl, alkenyl,
sulfonato, sulfamoyl,
sulfonamido, nitro, alkenyl, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, aryl and
heteroaryl.
In another embodiment, the minocycline compound of the invention is a
compound wherein R9 is NR9GC(=Z')ZR9a, -CH2NR9cC(=Z')ZR9a, -
(CH2)2NR9cC- (= Z')ZR9a, or - (CH2)3 NR9cC(=Z)ZR9a. In certain embodiments, R9
is -
NR9oC(=Z')ZR9a or -CH2NR9cC(=Z')ZR9a. Examples of R9o include hydrogen. Z' may
be, for example, S, NH, or O Examples of Z include NR9b (e.g., when R9b is
hydrogen,
alkyl, etc.),,O or S.
Examples of R9a groups include aryl groups such as substituted and
unsubstituted phenyl. Examples of possible substituents of aryl R9a groups
include, but
are not limited to, alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl,
perfluormethyl,
perchloroethyl, etc.), alkenyl, halogen (eg., fluorine, chlorine, bromine,
iodine, etc.),
hydroxyl, alkoxy (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, perfluoromethoxy,
perchloromethoxy, etc.), alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy,
aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, alkylaminoacarbonyl, arylalkyl
aminocarbonyl, alkenylaminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl,
arylalkylcarbonyl,
-38-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
alkenylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, silyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl,
phosphate,
phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino, acylamino, amido, imino, suithydryl,
alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfate, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato,
sulfamoyl,
sulfonamido, nitro, acetyl, alkyl, cyan, azido, heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, aryl
and
heteroaryl groups.
In certain embodiments, at least one of the substituents of the substituted
phenyl is nitro, alkoxy (e.g., methoxy, methylenedioxy, perfluoromethoxy)
alkyl (e.g.,
methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, or pentyl), acetyl, halogen (e.g., fluorine,
chlorine, bromine,
or iodine), or amino (e.g., dialkylamino). In certain embodiments, the alkoxy
group is
perhalogenated, e.g., perfluoromethoxy.
Examples of aryl R9a groups include, but are not limited to, unsubstituted
phenyl, para-nitrophenyl, para-methoxy phenyl, para-perfluoromethoxy phenyl,
par-a-
acetyl phenyl, 3, 5-methylenedioxyphenyl, 3,5-diperfluoromethyl phenyl, para-
bromo
phenyl,para-chloro phenyl, andpara-fluoro phenyl.
Other examples of aryl R9a groups include substituted and unsubstituted
heterocycles (e.g., furanyl, imidazolyl,, benzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl,
quinolinyl,
isoquinolinyl, benzodioxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoimidazolyl,
methylenedioxyphenyl, indolyl, thienyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, purinyl,
pyrazolyl,
pyrolidinyl, oxazolyl, isooxazolyl, naphthridinyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, or
deazapurinyl) and substituted and unsubstituted biaryl groups, such as
naphthyl and
fluorene.
R9a also maybe substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, e.g., methyl, ethyl,
propyl, butyl, pentyl, etc. Examples of substituents include but are not
limited to
halogens (e.g., fluorine, bromine, chlorine, iodine, etc.), hydroxyl, alkoxy
(e.g.,
methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, etc.), alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy,
alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl,
alkylaminoacarbonyl, arylalkyl aminocarbonyl, alkenylaminocarbonyl,
alkylcarbonyl,
arylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, silyl,
aminocarbonyl,
alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinato, cyan; amino,
acylamuio,
amidino, imino, sulthydryl, alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfate,
alkylsulfinyl,
sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido,
alkenyl,
heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, aryl and heteroaryl.
R9a also can be substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl. Examples of
substituents for alkenyl R9a groups include those listed above for alkyl R9a
groups.
Examples of alkenyl R9a groups include pent-l-enyl.
-39-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
In an embodiment, Z' is NH, Z is NH, and R9' is alkyl.
In another embodiment, R9 is alkyl and substituted with a heterocycle,
such as -2,3-dihydro-isoindole.
; and R9a is
In another embodiment, R9 is -C(=Z')R9a, Z' is Me
hydrogen. R9f may be alkoxy.
In a further embodiment, R9 is substituted aminoalkyl. R9 may be
substituted, for example, with a substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxycarbonyl
group, a
substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group and/or a substituted or unsubstituted
aralkyl
group.
In another embodiment, the invention pertains to tetracycline compounds
of the formulae:
VY
X11
a1 O O O OH O OM O O
off
OH O OM O O
011 O . -
of?~k C
ql O dl O O
1~4
O N a1 _ ON O ON O O
ON O OH O O
r r 1. ~ r r
NH; H N
O \ \ o aH o. ort o HN xcxcJc
/0 OH 0 p O O
-40-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
MR ON
O NNi
N OH O 6 ON o ON
o 0
N
NFIS
\ O \ aH
HN
a a o
ON OH O ON
O O
N
7 f a, r
ON o ON
N b - t} ~ p
ON OH OH M O o
o O ON O O \ /
ON ON
o Oõ O o
x(?01cc ON O OH O O ON
H
OH ~
ON O ON O O
rob
.\~i H O o 0
q s
õ MHz
a o ^H / \
at o at o Ir
Oj ON O O
-41-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
[j F H
-M V 11 OH ct~
OH
O OH O O OH OH O O OH O
N
U a o /! `
p ~ F w
L o IOIPH
~ aN
O O O
N /~1M ON
VY
N H OH
" o n H' HO I / \ ' NH1
a a ~ _
OH
OH O OH 0 0
aH
OH i0t~
m O OH o O
rec. !'-6 H,c At \Ni N
\ y y H H= OH
1 r6c oi N NH2
0 o a a a roc aF+ o off o o H
OH O OH 0
C O}{~~~ ~~ H Ni
503 _ H H OH
~p ~NHp 'IN NH2 HN ONH2
OH OH 90H wo-ot-p-
OH O OH H O O OH O 0~Ni \Ni \Ni s O "N
H- OH H H=H= H= OH
NH2 I / \ = H2 off NH2
p i OH 0 OH O O
OH O OH O OH O OHO O O MeO
\Ni 'INi OH~Ni Ni N
H H = OH 3H = H = OH Fi H OH
\ I / = NH2 /S I / \ = NH2
O OH O HO O O fL2o::oMHz -42-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
H H
~~Ou
NHZ
O OH O OH p 0
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, amides, enantiomers, prodrugs, or esters
thereof.
4. 8-Substituted Tetracycline Compounds
The invention also pertains, at least in part to 8-substituted tetracycline
compounds.
The term "8-substituted tetracycline compounds" includes tetracycline
compounds with substitution at the 8- position. In one embodiment, the
substitution at
the 8- position enhances the ability of the tetracycline compound to perform
its intended
function, e.g., treat tetracycline responsive states. In an embodiment, the 8-
substituted
tetracycline compound is 8-substituted tetracycline (e.g., wherein R4 is NW ,
R4"; W' and
R4., are methyl, R5 is hydrogen and X is CR6R6', wherein R6 is methyl and R6'
is
hydroxy); 8-substituted doxycycline (e.g., wherein R4 is NR4'R4", R4' and R4"
are
methyl, R; is hydroxyl, and X is CR R , wherein R6 is methyl and R is
hydrogen); or
4. 4 y 4~ 5 i
8- substituted sancycline (wherein R 4 is NR R ; R4' and e are methyl; R is
hydrogen
and X is CR6R6' wherein R6 and R6' are hydrogen atoms. In an embodiment, the
substitution at the 7 position of the 8-substituted tetracycline compound is
not chlorine
or trimethylarnino. In one embodiment, R4 is hydrogen.
In one embodiment, the 8-substituted tetracycline compound is of
formula IV:
R7 R' Ra
Rs X OR'
/ I I i sNR. R:
R9 -
ORIZ
OR10 O ORII O O (IV)
wherein:
X is CHC(R13Y'Y), CR6'R6, S, NR6, or 0;
R2, R4', R4", R7' and R7" are each hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy,
alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, arylalkyl, aryl,
heterocyclic,
heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
R4 is NR4'R4", alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, hydroxyl, halogen, or hydrogen;
R2 , R3, Rlo, R" and R12 are each hydrogen or a pro-drug moiety;
R5 is hydroxyl, hydrogen, thiol, alkanoyl, aroyl, alkaroyl, aryl,
heteroaromatic,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino,
arylalkyl, alkyl carbonyloxy, or aryl carbonyloxy;
R6 and R6' are independently hydrogen, methylene, absent, hydroxyl, halogen,
thiol, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,
alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino, or an arylalkyl;
R7 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, thiol, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
aryl,
alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,alkylsulfonyl,;arylalkyl, amino, arylalkenyl,
arylalkynyl,
acyl, aminoallcyl, heterocyclic, thionitroso, or--(CH2)o-3 (NR7v)o-1C(=W)WR7a;
R8 is hydroxyl, halogen, thiol, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy,
alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, amino, arylalkenyl,
arylalkynyl, acyl,
aminoalkyl, heterocyclic, thionitroso, or -(CH2)0-3(NRBo)o_1C(=E')ER8a;
R9 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, thiol, nitro, allcyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
aryl,
alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylalkyl, amino,
arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl,
acyl, aminoalkyl, heterocyclic, thionitroso, or - (CH2)o:3NR9cC(=Z')ZR9a;
R7a R7b R7c R7a R7e R7f R8a Rsb R8c R8d Rse Raf R9a R91' R9c R9d R9e and
R" are each independently absent, hydrogen, acyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
alkoxy,
alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, arylalkyl, aryl,
heterocyclic,
heteroaromatic or a prodrug moiety;
E is CRsdR8e, S, NRC' or 0;
E' is 0, NR8 , or S;
W is CR7dR7e, S, 0 or NR7b;
W' is O, NR7 , or S;
R13 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio,
alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, or an arylallcyl;
Y' and Y are each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano,
sulthydryl,
amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfmyl,
alkylsulfonyl,
alkylamino, or an arylalkyl, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters and
prodrugs
thereof.
In a further embodiment, the invention pertains to compounds wherein X
is CR6R6'; Rz R2', R6, R6'- R8 R10 R11 and R12 are each hydrogen- R4 is
NR4.R4,,; R4,
and R4" are lower alkyl; and R5 is hydroxy or hydrogen.
-44-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
In another embodiment, R8 is halogen, e.g., chloro or bromo.
In another embodiment, R$ is unsubstituted or substituted aryl. Examples
of heteroaryl group include furanyl. Examples of aryl groups include phenyl.
In a further embodiment, R9 or R7 is a substituted or unsubstituted amino.
The amino group maybe substituted, for example, with carbonyl, alkyl, or any
other
substituent described herein.
Examples of 8-substituted tetracycline compounds include:
N NH \Ni O N
Br \ N H = OH C1 2 H OH I \ H H = OH
HZN NH2 / \ = NH2 HZN I O NH2
OH O H O O OH O OHO O OH O H O O
~Ni N
\ i
H H-
CI H H
ON OH
H2N I = NH2 HN NH2
OH O OHO O O
O OH O OH O O
5. Methods for Synthesizing Tetracycline Compounds of the Invention
The tetracycline compounds of this invention can be synthesized using
the methods described in the Schemes and/or by other techniques known to those
of
ordinary skill in the art.
The substituted tetracycline compounds of the invention can be synthesized
using the methods described in Example 1, in the following schemes and by
using art
recognized techniques. All novel substituted tetracycline compounds described
herein
are included in the invention as compounds.
-45-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
H C}
Hz 9 N02 QHa OH
H HzSO4 F OH \
}
HI / z
NaNO; H2 OZN
~ ( H H%H'
HaH H 1C
1B
1A Pt H2 Pt H2
2H. , HAG"Ha H
~,õ, off ~
Hz
NH2 HZN W6H
H 1E
1D
mN0
HOKO
Ha H,C~ QH., gqC<_ GH3
N2
H ~~I MH
NH2
HI CI+NI H H 1G
1F HZ / \ aH NH2
aH Hb
11 II
SCHEME 1
9- and 7- substituted tetracyclines can be synthesized by the method shown in
Scheme 1. As shown in Scheme 1, 9- and 7-substituted tetracycline compounds
can be
synthesized by treating a tetracycline compound (e.g., doxycycline, 1A), with
sulfuric
acid and sodium nitrate. The resulting product is a mixture of the 7-nitro and
9-nitro
isomers (1B and 1C, respectively). The 7-nitro (1B) and 9- nitro (IC)
derivatives are
treated by hydrogenation using hydrogen gas and a platinum catalyst to yield
amines 1D
and lE. The isomers are separated at this time by conventional methods. To
synthesize
7- or 9-substituted alkenyl derivatives, the 7- or 9-amino tetracycline
compound (lE and.
IF, respectively) is treated with HONO, to yield the diazonium salt (IG and
1H). The
salt (1G and IM is treated with an appropriate reactive reagent to yield the
desired
compound(e.g., in Scheme 1, 7-cyclopent-l-enyl doxycycline (1H) and 9-
eyelopent-l-
enyl doxycycline (11)).
-46-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
~ ~(h1+h ~ L1(n1e1:
OH OH HISO, Niz N.NO, \ NHz
O OH O O OH OH O O
28
2A
O Hi/ ft
SW-h
R
/ OH O=C OH
2D
OH WOO O OH O OH O O
2E 2C
R'~ra1 N(taelz
Fe p
mo~ OH
Y.
2G
SCHEME 2
As shown in Scheme 2, tetracycline compounds of the invention wherein R7 is a
carbamate or a urea derivative can be synthesized using the following
protocol.
Sancycline (2A) is treated with NaNO2 under acidic conditions forming 7-nitro
sancycline (2B) in a mixture of positional isomers. 7-nitrosancycline (2B) is
then
treated with H2 gas and a platinum catalyst to form the 7-amino sancycline
derivative
(2C). To form the urea derivative (2E), isocyanate (2D) is reacted with the 7-
amino
sancycline derivative (2C). To form the carbamate (2G), the appropriate acid
chloride
ester (2F) is reacted with 2C.
H3C CH3 ).,~ H3C\ ,CH3
H2N FmocHN H
MO OH 3B OH
NH2 Fmoc-NCS YH NH2
HO O OH O O O
3A 3C
R N
H3C\ 2) Br H3~ 'CH3
S H N
1) - Fmoc N2N NH 'CH3 3E R 1
---~ O M6
OH NH2
t NH2 H OH ~H O O OH O OH O O
3F
3D
SCHEME 3
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
As shown in Scheme 3, tetracycline compounds of the invention, wherein R7 is a
heterocyclic (i.e. thiazole) substituted amino group can be synthesized using
the above
protocol. 7-amino sancycline (3A) is reacted with Fmoc-isothiocyanate (3B) to
produce
the protected thiourea (3C). The protected thiourea (3C) is then deprotected
yielding the
active sancycline thiourea (3D) compound. The sancycline thiourea (3D) is
reacted with
an a-haloketone (3E) to produce a thiazole substituted 7-amino sancycline
(3F).
"V~(C N(CH3)2 "V(Ci43)OH
` OH McOH/HCI NHZ NHZ Pd/C NHZ
H H O 4A 4B 4C
SCHEME 4
7- alkenyl tetracycline compounds, such as 7-alkynyl sancycline (4A) and 7-
alkenyl sancycline (4B), can be hydrogenated to form 7-alkyl substituted
tetracycline
compounds (e.g., 7-alkyl sancycline, 4C). Scheme 4 depicts the selective
hydrogenation
of the 7- position double or triple bond, in saturated methanol and
hydrochloric acid
solution with a palladium/carbon catalyst under pressure, to yield the
product.
NMe2 I NMe2
N-iodosuccinimidc - ON
1 \ MH NHZ + 1_ NHZ
H OH
ON O ON O O OH O ON O O
SA 5B
Pd(OAc)2,Na2CO3, McOH NMe2
OH
ON X/~B\ON / \ I NHZ
5C ON
OH O OH O O
5D
SCHEME 5
In Scheme 5, a general synthetic scheme for synthesizing 7-position aryl
derivatives is shown. A Suzuki coupling of an aryl boronic acid with an
iodosancycline
compound is shown. An iodo sancycline compound (5B) can be synthesized from
sancycline by treating sancycline (5A) with at least one equivalent N-
iodosuccinimide
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
(NIS) under acidic conditions. The reaction is quenched, and the resulting 7-
iodo
sancycline (5B) can then be purified using standard techniques known in the
art. To
form the aryl derivative, 7-iodo sancycline (5B) is treated with an aqueous
base (e.g.,
Na2CO3) and an appropriate boronic acid (5C) and under an inert atmosphere.
The
reaction is catalyzed with a palladium catalyst (e.g., Pd(OAc)2). The product
(5D) can
be purified by methods known in the art (such as HPLC). Other 7-aryl, alkenyl,
and
alkynyl tetracycline compounds can be synthesized using similar protocols.
The 7-substituted tetracycline compounds of the invention can also be
synthesized using Stifle cross couplings. Stille cross couplings can be
performed using
an appropriate tin reagent (e.g., R-SnBu3) and a halogenated tetracycline
compound,
(e.g., 7-iodosancycline). The tin reagent and the iodosancycline compound can
be
treated with a palladium catalyst (e.g., Pd(PPh3)2C12 or Pd(AsPh3)2C12) and,
optionally,
with an additional copper salt, e.g., CuT. The resulting compound can then be
purified
using techniques known in the art.
R N(CH3)2
6B H
R/\ / \ ONH2
Tnnslflan bfetal bH
camtyst H. O OH
N(CH3)2 Ph-shin LiBand 6C
OH
(
O \ CONH2
TrnsWon Mwl
H O catalyst R'
6A Ph i2. Lund
)2
OH
6D CONH2
6HH
6E
SCHEME
6
The compounds of the invention can also be synthesized using Heck-type
cross coupling reactions. As shown in Scheme 6, Heck-type cross-couplings can
be
performed by suspending a halogenated tetracycline compound (e.g., 7-
iodosancycline,
6A) and an appropriate palladium or other transition metal catalyst (e.g.,
Pd(OAc)2 and
Cul) in an appropriate solvent (e.g., degassed acetonitrile). The substrate, a
reactive
alkene (6B) or alkyne (6D), and triethylamine are then added and the mixture
is heated
for several hours, before being cooled to room temperature. The resulting 7-
substituted
alkenyl (6C) or 7-substituted alkynyl (6E) tetracycline compound can then be
purified
using techniques known in the art.
-49-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
R
N(CH3h CI N(CH32
I \ c H McOH/HCI H
,.,raOH) ,,-OHI
NH2 NH2
OH 0 OH 0 O OH 0 OH 0 0
7A 7B
SCHEME 7
To prepare 7-(2'-Chloro-alkenyl)-tetracycline compounds, the appropriate 7-
(alkynyl)-sancycline (7A) is dissolved in saturated methanol and hydrochloric
acid and
stirred. The solvent is then removed to yield the product (7B).
0
H,C~ /CH3 ROH O 3C\N/CH3
+3 qt ?C,
off carboxylic acid off
I~ I I I NH2
NH2 anhydrous R9
WOOH H OH
H O O OH O OH O O
8A 8B
SCHEME 8
As depicted in Scheme 8, 5-esters of 9- substituted tetracycline compounds can
be formed by dissolving the 9- substituted compounds (8A) in strong acid (e.g.
HF,
methanesulphonic acid, and trifluorornethanesulfonic acid) and adding the
appropriate
carboxylic acid to yield the corresponding esters (8B).
As shown in Scheme9 below, 7 and 9 aminomethyl tetracyclines may be
synthesized using reagents such as hydroxymethyl-carbamic acid benzyl ester.
H2N
N(CH3)2
O OH
N(CH3)2 ~O~H OH \ \ = NH2
OH TFA OH 0
NH2 +
N(CH3)2
OH 0 f 24 hr., 25 C OH
H2N \ ( \ i NH2
OH O OH
SCHEME 9
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
The term "alkyl" includes saturated aliphatic groups, including straight-
chain alkyl groups (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl,
octyl, nonyl,
decyl, etc.), branched-chain alkyl groups (isopropyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl,
etc.), cycloalkyl
(alicyclic) groups (cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl,
cyclooctyl), alkyl
substituted cycloalkyl groups, and cycloalkyl substituted alkyl groups. The
term alkyl
further includes alkyl groups, which can further include oxygen, nitrogen,
sulfur or
phosphorous atoms replacing one or more carbons of the hydrocarbon backbone.
In
certain embodiments, a straight chain or branched chain alkyl has 6 or fewer
carbon
atoms in its backbone (e.g., Cr-C6 for straight chain, C3-C6 for branched
chain), and
more preferably 4 or fewer. Likewise, preferred cycloalkyls have from 3-8
carbon
atoms in their ring structure, and more preferably have 5 or 6 carbons in the
ring
structure. The term C1-C6 includes alkyl groups containing 1 to 6 carbon
atoms.
Moreover, the term alkyl includes both "unsubstituted alkyls" and
"substituted alkyls", the latter of which refers to alkyl moieties having
substituents
replacing a hydrogen on one or more carbons of the hydrocarbon backbone. -
Such
substituents can include, for example, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, hydroxyl,
alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy,
carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, aryl'carbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl,
alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkyithiocarbonyl, alkoxyl,
phosphate,
phosphonato, phosphinato, cyan; amino (including alkyl amino, dialkylamino,
arylamino, diarylamino, and alkylarylamino), acylamino (including
alkylcarbonylamino,
arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl and ureido), amidino, imino, sulthydryl,
alkylthio,
arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfates, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato, sulfamoyl,
sulfonamido,
nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, or an aromatic
or
he'teroaromatic moiety. Cycloalkyls can be further substituted, e.g., with the
substituentsdescribedabove. An "alkylaryl" or an "arylalkyl" moiety is an
alkyl
substituted with an aryl (e.g., phenylmethyl (benzyl)). The term "alkyl" also
includes
,the side chains of natural and unnatural amino acids.
The term "aryl" includes groups, including 5- and 6-membered single-
ring aromatic groups that may include from zero to four heteroatoms, for
example,
benzene, phenyl, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, thiazole, isothiaozole, imidazole,
triazole,
tetrazole, pyrazole, oxazole, isooxazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, and
pyrimidine,
and the like. Furthermore, the term "aryl" includes multicyclic aryl groups,
e.g.,
tricyclic, bicyclic, e.g., naphthalene, benzoxazole, benzodioxazole,
benzothiazole,
benzoimidazole, benzothiophene, methylenedioxyphenyl, quinoline, isoquinoline,
napthridine, indole, benzofuran, purine, benzofuran, deazapurine, or
indolizine. Those
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
aryl groups having heteroatoms in the ring structure may also be referred to
as "aryl
heterocycles", "heterocycles," "heteroaryls" or õheteroaromatics .The aromatic
ring
can be substituted at one or more ring positions with such substituents as
described
above, as for example, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy,
arylcarbonyloxy,
alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl,
alkylaminoacarbonyl, arylalkyl aminocarbonyl, alkenylaminocarbonyl,
alkylcarbonyl,
arylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyt, alkenylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl,
aminocarbonyl,
alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino
(including alkyl
amino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, and alkylarylamino), acylamino
(including alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl and ureido),
amidino,
imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfates,
alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato,
sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl,
alkylaryl, or
an aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety. Aryl groups can also be fused or bridged
with
alicyclic or heterocyclic rings which are not aromatic so as to form a
polycycle (e.g.,
tetralin).
The term "alkenyl" includes unsaturated aliphatic groups analogous in
length and possible substitution to the alkyls described above, but that
contain at least
one double bond.
For example, the term "alkenyl" includes straight-chain alkenyl groups
(e.g., ethylenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, octenyl,
nonenyl,
decenyl; etc.), branched-chain alkenyl groups, cycloalkenyl (alicyclic) groups
(cyclopropenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctenyl),
alkyl or
alkenyl substituted cycloalkenyl groups, and cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl
substituted
alkenyl groups. The term alkenyl further includes alkenyl groups which include
oxygen,
nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorous atoms replacing one or more carbons of the
hydrocarbon
backbone. In certain embodiments, a straight chain or,branched chain alkenyl
group has
6 or fewer,carbon atoms in its backbone (e.g., C2-C6 for straight chain, C3-C6
for
branched chain). Likewise, cycloalkenyl groups may have from 3-8 carbon atoms
in
their ring structure, and more preferably have 5 or 6 carbons in the ring
structure. The
term C2-C6 includes alkenyl groups containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
Moreover, the term alkenyl includes both "unsubstituted alkenyls" and
"substituted alkenyls the latter of which refers to alkenyl moieties having
substituents
replacing a hydrogen on one or more carbons of the hydrocarbon backbone. Such
substituents can include, for example, alkyl groups, alkynyl groups, halogens,
hydroxyl,
alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy,
carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl,
-52-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, alkoxyl,
phosphate,
phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino (including alkyl amino, dialkylamino,
arylamino, diarylamino, and alkylarylamino), acylamino (including
alkylcarbonylamino,
arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl and ureido), amidino, imino, sulfhydryl,
alkylthio,
arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfates, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato, sulfamoyl,
sulfonamido,
nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, or an aromatic
or
heteroaromatic moiety.
The term "alkynyl" includes unsaturated aliphatic groups analogous in
length and possible substitution to the alkyls described above, but which
contain at least
one triple bond.
For example, the term "alkynyl" includes straight-chain alkynyl groups
(e.g., ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, heptynyl, octynyl,
nonynyl,
decynyl, etc.), branched-chain alkynyl groups, and cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl
substituted alkynyl groups. The term alkynyl further includes alkynyl groups
which
include oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorous atoms replacing one or more
carbons of
the hydrocarbon backbone. In certain embodiments, a straight chain or branched
chain
alkynyl group has 6 or fewer carbon atoms in its backbone (e.g., C2-C6 for
straight
chain, C3-C6 for branched chain). The term C2-C6 includes alkynyl groups
containing 2
to 6 carbon atoms.
Moreover, the term alkynyl includes both "unsubstituted alkynyls" and
"substituted alkynyls", the latter of which refers to alkynyl moieties having
substituents
replacing a hydrogen on one or more carbons of the hydrocarbon backbone.. Such
substituents can include, for example, alkyl groups, alkynyl groups, halogens,
hydroxyl,
alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy,
carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl,
alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, alkoxyl,
phosphate,
phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino (including alkyl amino, dialkylamino,
arylamino, diarylamino, and alkylarylamino), acylamino (including
alkylcarbonylamino,
arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl and ureido), amidino, imino, sulfhydryl,
alkylthio,
arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfates, alkylsutfinyl, sulfonato, sulfamoyl,
sulfonamido,
nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, or an aromatic
or
heteroaromatic moiety.
Unless the number of carbons is otherwise specified, "lower alkyl" as
used herein means an alkyl group, as defined above, but having from one to
five carbon
atoms in its backbone structure. "Lower alkenyl" and "lower allcynyl" have
chain
lengths of, for example, 2-5 carbon atoms.
-53-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
The term "acyl" includes compounds and moieties which contain the acyl
radical (CH3CO-) or a carbonyl group. It includes substituted acyl moieties.
The term
"substituted acyl" includes acyl groups where one or more of the hydrogen
atoms are
replaced by for example, alkyl groups, alkynyl groups,-halogens, hydroxyl,
alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy,
carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl,
alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylanunocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, alkoxyl,
phosphate,
phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino (including alkyl amino, dialkylamino,
arylamino, diarylamino, and alkylarylamino), acylamino (including
alkylcarbonylamino,
arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl and ureido), amidino, imino, sulfhydryl,
alkylthio,
arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfates, allcylsulfinyl, sulfonato, sulfamoyl,
sulfonamido,
nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, or an aromatic
or
heteroaromatic moiety.
The term "acylamino" includes moieties wherein an acyl moiety is
bonded to an amino group. For example, the term includes alkylcarbonylamino,
arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl and ureido groups.
The term "aroyl" includes compounds and moieties with an aryl or
heteroaromatic moiety bound to a carbonyl group. Examples of aroyl groups
include
phenylcarboxy, naphthyl carboxy, etc.
The terms "alkoxyalkyl", "alkylaminoalkyl" and "thioalkoxyalkyl"
include alkyl groups, as described above, which further include oxygen,
nitrogen or
sulfur atoms replacing one or more carbons of the hydrocarbon backbone, e.g.,
oxygen,
nitrogen or sulfur atoms.
The term "alkoxy" includes substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl,
and alkynyl groups covalently linked to an oxygen atom. Examples of alkoxy
groups
include methoxy, ethoxy, isopropyloxy, propoxy, butoxy, and pentoxy groups.
Examples of substituted alkoxy groups include halogenated alkoxy groups. The
alkoxy
groups can be"substituted with groups such as alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen,
hydroxyl,
alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy,
carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl,
alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, alkoxyl,
phosphate,
phosphonato, phosphinato, cyan, amino (including alkyl amino,. diallamino,
arylamino, diarylamino, and alkylarylamino), acylamino (including
alkylcarbonylamino,
arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl and ureido), amidino, imino, sulfhydryl,
alkylthio,
arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfates, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato, sulfamoyl,
sulfonamido,
nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, or an aromatic
or
-54-

CA 02780743 2012-06-19
heteroaromatic moieties. Examples of halogen substituted alkoxy groups
include, but
are not limited to, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy,
chloromethoxy,
dichloromethoxy, trichloromethoxy, etc.
The term "amine" or "amino" includes compounds where a nitrogen
atom is covalently bonded to at least one carbon or heteroatom. The term
includes
"alkyl amino" which comprises groups and compounds wherein the nitrogen is
bound to
at least one additional alkyl group. The term "dialkyl amino" includes groups
wherein
the nitrogen atom is bound to at~ least two additional alkyl groups. The term
"arylamino" and "diarylamino" include groups wherein the nitrogen is bound to
at least
one or two aryl groups, respectively. The term "alkylarylamino,"
"alkylaminoaryl" or
"arylaminoalkyl" refers to an amino group which is bound to at least one alkyl
group
and at least one aryl group. The term "alkaminoalkyl" refers to an alkyl,
alkenyl, or
alkynyl group' bound to a nitrogen atom which is also bound to an alkyl group.
The term "amide," "amido" or "aminocarbonyl" includes compounds or
'moieties which contain a nitrogen atom which is bound to the carbon of a
carbonyl or a
thiocarbonyl group. The term includes "alkaminocarbonyl" or
"alkylaminocarbonyl"
groups which include alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkynyl groups bound to an amino
group
bound to a carbonyl group. It includes arylaminocarbonyl and-arylcarbonylamino
groups which include aryl or heteroaryl moieties bound to art amino group
which is
bound to the carbon of a carbonyl or thiocarbonyl group. The terms
"alkylaminocarbonyl," "alkenylaminocarbonyl, .alkynylaminocarbonyl,"
"arylaminocarbonyl," "alkylcarbonylamino," "alkenylcarbonylamino,"
"alkynylcarbonylamino," and "arylcarbonylamino" are included in term "amide."
Amides also include urea groups (aminocarbonylamino) and carbamates
(oxycarbonylamino).
The term "carbonyl" or "carboxy" includes compounds and moieties
which contain a carbon connected with a double bond to an oxygen atom. The
carbonyl
can be further substituted with any moiety which allows the compounds of the
invention
to perform its intended function. For example, carbonyl moieties may be
substituted
with alkyls, alkenyls, alkynyls, aryls, alkoxy, aminos, etc. Examples of
moieties which
contain a carbonyl include aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides,
esters,
anhydrides, etc.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
The term "thiocarbonyl" or "thiocarboxy" includes compounds and
moieties which contain a carbon connected with a double bond to a sulfur atom.
The term "ether" includes compounds or moieties which contain an
oxygen bonded to two different carbon atoms or heteroatoms. For example, the
term
includes "alkoxyalkyl" which refers to an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group
covalently
bonded to an oxygen atom which is covalently bonded to another alkyl group.
The term "ester" includes compounds and moieties which contain a
carbon or a heteroatom bound to an oxygen atom which is bonded to the carbon
of a
carbonyl group. The term "ester" includes alkoxycarboxy groups such as
methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl,
pentoxycarbonyl,
etc. The alkyl, alkenyl, or alkenyl groups are as defined above.
The term "thioether" includes compounds and moieties which contain a
sulfur atom bonded to two different carbon or hetero atoms. Examples of
thioethers
include, but are not limited to alkthioalkyls, alkthioalkenyls, and
alkthioalkynyls. The
term "alkthioalkyls" include compounds with an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl
group bonded
to a sulfur atom which is bonded to an alkyl group. Similarly, the term
"alkthioalkenyls" and alkthioallynyls" refer to compounds or moieties wherein
an alkyl,
alkenyl, or alkynyi;group is. bonded to -a sulfur atom which is covalently
bonded to an
alkynyl group.
The term "`hydroxy" or "hydroxyl" includes groups with an -0H or --0-.
The term "halogen" includes fluorine, bromine, chlorine, iodine, etc. The
term "perhalogenated" generally refers to a moiety wherein all hydrogens are
replaced
by halogen atoms.
The terms "polycyclyl" or "polycyclic radical" refer to two or more cyclic
rings (e.g., cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls, cycloalkynyls, aryls and/or
heterocyclyls) in
which two or:more carbons are common to two adjoining rings,: e.g., the rings
are "fused
rings". Rings that are joined through non-adjacent atoms are termed "bridged"
rings.
Each of the rings of the polycycle can be substituted with such substituents
as described
above, as for example, halogen, hydroxyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy,
alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl,
alkoxycarbonyl,
alkylaminoacarbonyl, arylalkylaminocarbonyl, alkenylaminocarbonyl,
alkylcarbonyl,
arylcarbonyl, arylalkyl carbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl,
alkylthiocarbonyl,
alkoxyl, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amido, amino (including
alkyl
amino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, and alkylarylamino), acylamino
(including alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl and ureido),
amidino,
imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfates,
alkylsulfinyl, sulfonato,
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl,
alkyl,
alkylaryl, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety.
The term "heteroatom" includes atoms of any element other than carbon
or hydrogen. Preferred heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and
phosphorus.
The term "prodrug moiety" includes moieties which can be metabolized
in vivo to a hydroxyl group and moieties which may advantageously remain
esterified in
vivo. Preferably, the prodrugs moieties are metabolized in vivo by esterases
or by other
mechanisms to hydroxyl groups or other advantageous groups. Examples of
prodrugs
and their uses are well known in the art (See, e.g., Berge et al. (1977)
'Pharmaceutical
Salts", J Pharnz. Sci. 66:1-19). The prodrugs can be prepared in situ during
the final
isolation and purification of the compounds, or by separately reacting the
purified
compound in its free acid form or hydroxyl with a suitable esterifying agent.
Hydroxyl
groups can be converted into esters via treatment with a carboxylic acid.
Examples of
prodrug moieties include substituted and unsubstituted, branch or unbranched
lower
alkyl ester moieties, (e.g., propionoic`acid esters), lower alkenylesters, di-
lower alkyl-
amino lower-alkyl esters (e.g., dimethylaminoethyl ester), acylamino lower
alkyl esters
(e.g., acetyloxymethyl ester),acyloxy lower alkyl esters (e.g.,
pivaloyloxymethyl ester),
aryl esters' (phenyl ester), aryl-lower alkyl esters' (e.g., benzyl ester),
substituted (e.g.,
with methyl, halo, or methoxy substituents) aryl and aryl-lower alkyl esters,
amides,
lower-alkyl amides, di-lower alkyl amides; and hydroxy amides. Preferred
prodrug
moieties are propionoic acid esters and acyl esters.
It will be noted that the structure of some of the tetracycline compounds
of this invention includes asymmetric carbon atoms. It is to be understood
accordingly
that the isomers arising from such asymmetry (e.g., all enantiomers and
diastereomers)
are included within the scope of this invention, unless indicated otherwise.
Such
isomers can be obtained in substantially pure form by classical separation
techniques
and by stereochemicallycontrolled synthesis. Furthermore, the structures and
other
compounds and moieties discussed in this application also include all
tautomers thereof.
6. Methods for Treating Tetracycline Responsive States
The invention also pertains to methods for treating a tetracycline
responsive states in subjects, by administering to a subject an effective
amount of a
tetracycline compound of the invention (e.g., a compound of Formula I,11, III,
IV, or
otherwise described herein), such that the tetracycline responsive state is
treated.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
The term "treating" includes curing as well as ameliorating at least one
symptom of the state, disease or disorder, e.g., the tetracycline compound
responsive
state.
The language "tetracycline compound responsive state" or "tetracycline
responsive state" includes states which can be treated, prevented, or
otherwise
ameliorated by the administration of a tetracycline compound of the invention,
e.g., a 3,
10, and/or 12a substituted tetracycline compound. Tetracycline compound
responsive
states include bacterial, viral, and fungal infections (including those which
are resistant
to other tetracycline'compounds), cancer (e.g., prostate, breast, colon, lung,
melanoma
and lymph cancers and other disorders characheterized by unwanted cellular
proliferation, including, but not limited to, those described in U.S.
6,100,248), arthritis,
osteoporosis, diabetes, and other states for which tetracycline compounds have
been
found to be active (see, for example, U.S. Patent
Nos. 5,789,395; 5,834,450; 6,277,061 and 5,532,227).
Compounds of the invention can be used to prevent or control important
mammalian and
veterinary diseases such as diarrhea, urinary tract infections,. infections of
skin and skin
structure, ear, nose and throat:i fections, wound infection,.-mastitis and.the
like. In
addition,-methods for treating neoplasms using tetracycline. compounds of the
invention
are also included (van der Bozert et al., Cancer Res., 48:6686-6690 (1988)).
Ina further
embodiment, the tetracycline responsive state is not a bacterial infection.
In, another
embodiment, the tetracycline compounds of the invention are essentially non-
antibactetial. For example, non-antibacterial tetracycline compounds of the
invention
may have MIC values greater than about 4 gg/ml (as measured by assays known in
the
art and/or the assay given in Example 2).
Tetracycline: compound responsive states also include inflammatory process
associated states; (IPAS). The term "inflammatory 'process,-associated, state"
includes
states in which inflammation or inflammatoryfactors (e g, matrix
metalloproteinases
(MMPs).nitric oxide (NO),TNF - nterleukins, plasma proteins, cellular defense
systems, cytokines, lipid metabolites, proteases, toxic radicals, adhesion
molecules, etc.)
are involved or are present in an area in aberrant amounts, e.g., in amounts
which may
be advantageous to alter, e.g., to benefit the subject. The-inflammatory
process is the
response of living tissue to damage. The cause of inflammation may be due to
physical
damage, chemical substances, micro-organisms, tissue necrosis, cancer or other
agents.
Acute inflammation is short-lasting, lasting only a few days. If it is longer
lasting
however, then it maybe referred to as chronic inflammation.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
IPAF's include inflammatory disorders. Inflammatory disorders are generally
characterized by heat, redness, swelling, pain and loss of function. Examples
of causes
of inflammatory disorders include, but are not limited to, microbial
infections (e.g.,
bacterial and fungal infections), physical agents (e.g.,.bums, radiation, and
trauma),
chemical agents (e.g., toxins and caustic substances), tissue necrosis and
various types
of immunologic reactions.
Examples of inflammatory disorders include; but are not limited to,
osteoarthxitis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute and chronic infections (bacterial
and fungal,
including'diphtheria and pertussis); acute and chronic bronchitis, sinusitis,
and upper
respiratory infections, including the common cold; acute'and chronic
gastroenteritis and
colitis; acute and chronic cystitis and urethritis; acute and chronic
dermatitis; acute and
chronic conjunctivitis; acute and chronic serositis (pericarditis,
peritonitis; synovitis,
pleuritis and tendinitis); uremic pericarditis; acute and chronic cholecystis;
acute and
chronic vaginitis; acute and chronic uveitis; drug reactions; insect bites;
buns (thermal,
chemical, and electrical); and sunburn
Tetracycline compound. responsive states also include NO associated states.
The
term "NO associated state" includes states which involve or are associated
with nitric
oxide (NO) or inducible nitric oxide synthase {iNOS). NO associated state
includes
states which are characterized by aberrant amounts of NO and/or iNOS.
Preferably, the
NO associated state can be treated by administering tetracycline compounds of
the
invention, e.g., a 3, 10, and/or 12a substituted tetracycline compound. The
disorders,
diseases and states described in U.S Patents Nos. 6,231,894; 6,015,804;
5,919,774; and
5,789,395are also included -as NO associated states.
Other examples of NO associated states include;. but are not limited to,
malaria,
senescence, diabetes, vascular stroke,,;. neurodegenerative..disorders.
(Alzhei nerds disease
Huntington's disease), cardiac disease (reperfusion-associated injury
following
infarction), juvenile diabetes,: inflammatory disorders,:osteoarthrit s,
rheumatoid
arthritis, acute, recurrent and chronic:. infections (bacterial, viral and
fungal); acute and
chronic bronchitis; sinusitis, and respiratory infections, including the
common cold;
acute and chronic gastroenteritis and colitis; acute and chronic cystitis and
urethritis;
acute and chronic dermatitis; acute and chronic conjunctivitis; acute and
chronic
serositis (pericarditis, peritonitis., synovitis, pleuritis and tendonitis);
uremic, pericarditis;
acute and chronic cholecystis; cystic fibrosis, acute and chronic vaginitis;
acute. and
chronic uveitis; drug reactions; insect bites; bums (thermal, chemical, and
electrical);
and sunburn.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
The term "inflammatory process associated state" also includes, in one
embodiment, matrix metalloproteinase associated states (MMPAS). MIVIPAS
include
states charachterized by abberrant amounts of MMPs or MMP activity. These are
also
include as tetracycline compound responsive states which may be treated; using
compounds of the invention, e.g., 3, 10, and/or 12a substituted tetracycline
compounds.
Examples of matrix metalloproteinase associated states ("MMPAS's") include,
but are not limited to, arteriosclerosis, corneal ulceration, emphysema,
osteoarthritis,
multiple sclerosis(Liedtke et al., Ann. Neurol. 1998, 44:35-46; Chandler et
al., J
Neuroimmunol.1997, 72:155-71), osteosarcoma, osteomyelitis, bronchiectasis,
chronic
pulmonary obstructive disease, skin and eye diseases, periodontitis,
osteoporosis,
rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, inflammatory disorders, tumor growth
and
invasion (Stetler-Stevenson et al.-, Annu. Rev. Cell Biol.-1993, 9:541-73;
Tryggvason et
at.,Biochim, Biophys. Acta 1987, 907:191-217; Li et al., Mol. Carcinog. 1998,
22:84-
89)),metastasis, acute lung injury, stroke, ischemia, diabetes,, aortic or
vascular
aneurysms, skin tissue wounds, dry eye, bone and cartilage degradation
:(Greenwald et
A Bone 1998, 22:33-38;.Ryan et al., Cure Qp. Rheumatal. 1996,,8;-Z, 38-247).
Other
MMPAS.include those described in U.S.Pat. Nos, 5,459,135;: 5,321,017;
5,308,839;
5,258,371; 4,935,412; 4,704,383, 4,666,897, and RE.34,656.
In another embodiment, the tetracycline compound responsive state is cancer.
Examples of cancers which the tetracycline. compounds of the inventionmay be
useful
to treat include all solid tumors, i.e., carcinomas e.g., adenocarcinomas, and
sarcomas.
Adenocarcinomas are carcinomas derived from glandular tissue or in which the
tumor
cells form recognizable glandular structures. Sarcomas broadly include; tumors
whose
cells are embedded in a fibrillar or homogeneous substance like embryonic
connective
tissue: Examples of carcinomas which maybe: treated: using the methods; of
the.
invention include, but are not limited to,carcinomasof the :prostate, breast,
ovary, testis,
lung, colon, and breast:` The methods ofthe invention are not limited to: the
treatment of
these tumor types, but extend lo any solid tumor derived from any organ
system.
Examples of treatable cancers include, but are not limited to, colon cancer;
bladder,
cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, ovarian carcinoma, prostatic carcinoma,, lung
cancer,
and a variety of other cancers as well. The methods of the invention also;
cause the
inhibition of cancer growth in adenocarcinomas, such as, for example, those of
the
prostate, breast, kidney, ovary, testes, and colon.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
In an embodiment, the tetracycline responsive state of the invention is
cancer.
The invention pertains to a method for treating a subject suffering or at risk
of suffering
from cancer, by administering an effective amount of a substituted
tetracycline
compound, such that inhibition cancer cell growth occurs, i.e., cellular
proliferation,
invasiveness, metastasis, or tumor incidence is decreased, slowed, or stopped.
The
inhibition may result from inhibition of an inflammatory'process, down-
regulation of an
inflammatory process, some other mechanism, or a combination of mechanisms.
Alternatively, the tetracycline compounds may be useful for preventing cancer
recurrence, for example, to treat residual cancer following surgical resection
or radiation
therapy. The tetracycline compounds useful according to the invention are
especially
advantageous as they are substantially non-toxic compared to other cancer
treatments.
In a further embodiment, the compounds of the invention are administered in
combination with standard cancer therapy, such as but not limited to,
chemotherapy.
Examples of tetracycline responsive states also include neurological disorders
which include both neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, but are
not
limited to, such as Alzheimer's disease, dementias zelated to Alzheimer's
disease (such
as Pick's disease); Parkinson's and other Lewy diffuse body diseases, senile
dementia,
Huntington's - disease, Grilles de la Tourette's syndrome, multiple sclerosis,
amylotrophic
lateral sclerosis (ALS), progressive supranuclear palsy; epilepsy, and
Creutzfeldt-Jakob
disease; autonomic function disorders such as hypertension and, sleep
disorders, and
neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, schizophrenia, schizoaffective
disorder,
Korsakoff's psychosis, mania, anxiety disorders, or phobic disorders; learning
or
memory disorders, e.g., amnesia or age-related memory loss, attention deficit
disorder,
dysthymic disorder, major depressive disorder, mania, obsessive-compulsive
disorder,
psychoactive substance use disorders, anxiety, phobias, panic -disorder, as
well as bipolar
affective disorder, e.g., severe bipolar affective (mood) disorder (BP-1),
bipolar
affective neurological disorders, e.g., migraine and obesity. Further
neurological
disorders include, for example, those listed in the American Psychiatric
Association's
Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).
The language "in combination with" another therapeutic agent or treatment
includes co-administration of the tetracycline compound, (e.g., inhibitor) and
with the
other therapeutic agent or treatment, administration of the tetracycline
compound first,
followed by the other therapeutic agent or treatment and administration of the
other
therapeutic agent or treatment first, followed by the tetracycline compound.
The other
therapeutic agent may be any agent which is known in the art to treat,
prevent, or reduce
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
the symptoms of an IPAS. Furthermore, the other therapeutic agent may be any
agent of
benefit to the patient when administered in combination with the
administration of an
tetracycline compound. In one embodiment, the cancers treated by methods of
the
invention include those described,in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,100,248; 5,843,925;
5,837,696;
or 5,668,122.
In another embodiment, the tetracycline compound responsive state is diabetes,
e.g., juvenile diabetes, diabetes mellitus, diabetes type I, or diabetes type
IL In a further
embodiment, protein glycosylation is not affected by the administration of the
tetracycline compounds of the invention. In another embodiment, the
tetracycline
compound of the invention is administered in combination with standard
diabetic
therapies, such as, but not limited to insulin therapy. In a further
embodiment, the IPAS
includes disorders described in U.S. Patents Nos. 5,929,055; and 5,532,227.
In another embodiment, the tetracycline compound responsive state is a bone
mass disorder. Bone mass disorders include disorders where a subjects bones
are
disorders and states where the formation, repair or remodeling of bone is
advantageous.
For example sbone mass disorders include osteoporosis (e.g., a decrease in
bone strength
and density), bone fractures, bone formation associated with surgical
procedures (e.g.,
facial reconstruction), osteogenesis imperfecta-(brittle bone disease),
hypophosphatasia,
Paget's disease, fibrous dysplasia osteoperosis, myeloma bone disease, and the
depletion of calcium in bone, such as that which is related to primary
hyperparathyroidism. Bone mass disorders include all states in which the
formation,
repair or remodeling of bone is. advantageous to the subject as well as all
other disorders
associated with the bones or skeletal system of a subject which can be treated
with the
tetracycline compounds of the invention.. Ina further. embodiment, the bone
mass
disorders include those described in U.,S,Tatents Nos. 5,459,135; 5;231,017;
5,998,390;
5,770,588; RE 34,656; 5,308,839;,4,925,8.33; 3,304,227; and 4,666,897.
In another embodiment, the tetracycline compound responsive state is acute
lung
injury. Acute lung injuries include adult respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS), post-
pump syndrome (PPS), and trauma. Trauma includes any injury to Jiving tissue
caused
by an extrinsic agent or event. Examples of trauma include, but are not
limited to, crush
injuries, contact with a hard surface, or cutting or other damage to the
lungs.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
The invention also pertains to a method for treating acute lung injury by
administering a substituted tetracycline compound of the invention.
The tetracycline responsive states of the invention also include chronic lung
disorders. The invention pertains to methods for treating chronic lung
disorders by
administering a tetracycline compound, such as those described herein. The
method
includes administering to a subject an effective amount of a substituted
tetracycline
compound such that the chronic lung disorder is treated. Examples of chronic
lung
disorders include, but are not limited, to asthma, cystic fibrosis, and
emphesema. In a
further embodiment, the tetracycline compounds of the invention used to treat
acute
and/or chronic lung disorders such as those described in U.S. Patents No.
5,977,091;
6,043,231; 5,523,297; and 5,773,430.
In yet another embodiment, the tetracycline compound responsive state is
ischemia, stroke, or ischemic stroke. The invention also pertains to a method
for
treating ischemia, stroke, or ischemic stroke by administering an effective
amount of a
substituted, tetracycline compound of the invention. In a further embodiment,
the
tetracycline compounds of the invention are used to treat such disordersas
described in
U.S. Patents No.`6;231,894 5,773,430; 5,919,775 or 5;789,395.
In another embodiment,thetetracycline compound responsive state is a skin
wound. The invention also pertains, at least in part, to a method for
improving the
healing response of the epithelialized tissue (e.g., skin, mucusae) to acute
traumatic
injury (e.g., cut, bum, scrape, etc.). The method may include using a
tetracycline
compound of the invention (which may or may not shave antibacterial activity)
to
:25 improve the capacity of the epithelialized tissue to heal acute wounds.
The method may
increase' the rate `of collagen accumulation of the healing tissue. The method
may also
decrease the proteolytic activity in the epthithelialized tissue by decreasing
the
collagenolytic and/or gellatinolytic activity of M'MPs: Inn further
embodiment, the
tetracycline compound of the invention is administered to=the surface of the
skin (e.g.,
topically). In a further embodiment, the tetracycline compound of the
invention used to
treat a skin wound, and other such disorders as described in, for example;
U.S. Patent
Nos. 5,827,840; 4,704,383; 4,935,412; 5,258,371; 5,308,,83915,459,135;
5,532,227; and
6,015,804.
In yet another embodiment, the tetracycline compound responsive state is an
aortic or vascular aneurysm in vascular tissue of a subject (e.g., a subject
having or at
risk of having an aortic or vascular aneurysm, etc.). The tetracycline
compound may by
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
effective to reduce the size of the vascular aneurysm or it may be
administered to the
subject prior to the onset. of the vascular aneurysm such that the aneurysm is
prevented.
In one embodiment, the vascular tissue is an artery, e.g., the aorta, e.g.,
the abdominal
aorta. In,a further embodiment, the tetracycline compounds of the invention
are used to
treat disorders described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,043,225 and 5,834,449.
Bacterial infections may be caused by a wide variety of gram positive and gram
negative bacteria. The compounds. of the invention are useful as antibiotics
against
organisms which are resistant to other tetracycline compounds. The antibiotic
activity
of the tetracycline compounds of the invention maybe determined using the
method
discussed inExample-2,, or by using the in vitro standard broth dilution
method
described in Waitz, J.A., National Commission for Clinical Laboratory,
Standards,
Document.M7 A2, vol.,10,no. 8,,pp. 13-20, 2 a edition, Villanova, PA (1990).
The tetracycline compounds may also be used to treat infections traditionally
treated with-tetracycline compounds such as;_ for example, rickettsiae; a
number of
grain-positivo,and:gram-negative;bacteria;.and the agents responsible for
lymphogranuloma venereum, inclusion conjunctivitis psittacosis. The
tetracycline
compounds may be used to treat infections of, e.g., K pneumoniae, Salmonella,
E.
hirae, A. baumanii, B. catarrhalis, H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, E. fa ecium,
E. coli, S.
aureus or E. faecalis. In one;embodiment,the tetracycline compound is used to
treat a
bacterial infection that; is resistant to other tetracycline-antibiotic,
compounds. The
tetracycline compound of the invention may be administered with a
pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier.
The language "effective amount" of the compound is that amount necessary or
sufficient to- treator prevent a tetracycline compound responsive state. The
effective_
amount can vary depending on such factors as the size _and weight of the
subject, the
type, of illness, or,the particular tetracycline compound. For example, the
choice of the
tetracycline: compound can affect what constitutes an "effective amount". One
of
ordinary skill in the art would be able to study the aforementioned factors
and make the
determination regarding the effective amount of the tetracycline compound
without
undue experimentation. The invention also pertains to methods of treatment
against microorganism
infections and associated ;diseases. The methods include administration of an
effective
amount of one or more tetracycline; compounds to a subject. The subject can be
either a
plant-or, advantageously, an animal, e.g., a mammal, e.g., a human.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
In the therapeutic methods of the invention, one or more tetracycline
compounds
of the invention may be administered alone to a subject, or more typically a
compound
of the invention will be administered as part of a pharmaceutical composition
in mixture
with conventional excipient, i.e., pharmaceutically acceptable organic or
inorganic
carrier substances suitable for parenteral, oral or other desired
administration and which
do not deleteriously react with the active compounds and are not deleterious
to the
recipient thereof.
7. Pharmaceutical Compositions of the Invention
The invention also pertains to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a
therapeutically effective amount of a tetracycline compound (e.g., a compound
of
Formula (1), (II), or (III), or any other compound described herein) and,
optionally, a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
The language "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" includes substances
capable of beingcoadminstered with the tetracycline compound(s), and which
allow
both to perform their intended function, e.g., treat or prevent a tetracycline
responsive
state. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include but are not
limited to water,
salt solutions, alcohol, vegetable oils, polyethylene glycols, gelatin,
lactose, amylose,
magnesium stearate, talc, silicic acid, viscous paraffin, perfume oil, fatty
acid
monoglycerides and diglycerides, petroethral fatty acid esters, hydroxymethyl-
cellulose,
polyvinylpyrrolidone, etc. The pharmaceutical preparations can be sterilized
and if
desired mixed with auxiliary agents, e.g., lubricants, preservatives;
stabilizers, wetting
agents, emulsifiers, salts for influencing osmotic pressure, buffers,
colorings, flavorings
and/or aromatic substances and the like which do not deleteriously react with
the active
compounds of the invention.
The tetracycline compounds of the invention that are basic in nature are
capable of forming a wide variety of salts with various inorganic and organic
acids. The
acids that may be used to prepare pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition
salts of the
tetracycline compounds of the invention that are basic in nature are those
that form non-
toxic acid addition salts, i.e., salts containing pharmaceutically acceptable
anions, such
as the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, nitrate, sulfate, bisulfate,
phosphate,
acid phosphate, isonicotinate, acetate, lactate, salicylate, citrate, acid
citrate, tartrate,
pantothenate, bitartrate, ascorbate, succinate, maleate, gentisinate,
fumarate, gluconate,
glucaronate, saccharate, formate, benzoate, glutamate, methanesulfonate,
ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate and palmoate [i.e., 1,l'-
methylene-bis-(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate)] salts. Although such salts must be
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
pharmaceutically acceptable for administration to a subject, e.g., a mammal,
it is often
desirable in practice to initially isolate a tetracycline compound of the
invention from
the reaction mixture as a pharmaceutically unacceptable salt and then simply
convert the
latter back to the free base compound by treatment with an alkaline reagent
and
subsequently convert the latter free base to a pharmaceutically acceptable
acid addition
salt. The acid addition salts of the base compounds of this invention are
readily
prepared by treating the base compound with a substantially equivalent amount
of the
chosen mineral or organic acid in an aqueous solvent medium or in a suitable
organic
solvent, such as methanol or ethanol. Upon careful evaporation of the solvent,
the
desired solid salt is readily obtained. The preparation of other tetracycline
compounds of
the invention not specifically described in the foregoing experimental section
can be
accomplished using combinations of the reactions described above that will be
apparent
to those skilled in the art.
The preparation of other, tetracycline compounds of the invention not
specifically described in the foregoing experimental section can be
accomplished using
combinations of the reactions described above .that will be apparent to-those
skilled in
the art.
The tetracycline compounds of the invention that are acidic in nature are
capable of forming a wide variety of base salts. The chemical bases that may
be used as
reagents to prepare pharmaceutically acceptable base salts of those
tetracycline
compounds of the invention that are acidic in nature are those that form non-
toxic base
salts with such compounds. Such non-toxic base salts include, but are not
limited to
those derived from such pharmaceutically acceptable cations such as alkali
metal cations
(e.g., potassium and sodium) and alkaline earth metal cations (e.g., calcium
and
magnesium), ammonium or water-soluble amine addition salts such as N
methylglucamine-(meglumine), and the lower alkanolammgnium and other base
salts of
pharmaceutically acceptable organic amines. The pharmaceutically acceptable
base
addition salts of tetracycline compounds of the invention that are acidic in
nature maybe
formed with pharmaceutically acceptable cations by conventional methods. Thus,
these
salts may be readily prepared by treating the tetracycline compound of the
invention
with an aqueous solution of the desired pharmaceutically acceptable cation and
evaporating the resulting solution to,dryness, preferably under reduced
pressure.
Alternatively, a lower alkyl alcohol solution of the tetracycline compound of
the
invention maybe mixed with an alkoxide of the desired metal and the solution
subsequently evaporated to dryness.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
The preparation of other tetracycline compounds of the invention not
specifically described in the foregoing experimental section can be
accomplished using
combinations of the reactions described above that will be apparent to those
skilled in
the art.
The tetracycline compounds of the invention and pharmaceutically
acceptable salts thereof can be administered via either the oral, parenteral
or topical
routes. In general, these compounds are most desirably administered in
effective
dosages, depending upon the weight and condition of the subject being treated
and the
particular route of administration chosen. Variations may occur depending upon
the
species of the subject being treated and its individual response to said
medicament, as
well as on the type of pharmaceutical formulation chosen and the time period
and
interval at which such administration is carried out.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be administered
alone or in combination with other known compositions for treating
tetracycline
responsive states in a subject, e.g., a mammal. Preferred mammals include pets
(e.g.,
cats, dogs, ferrets, etc.); farm animals (cows, sheep, pigs, horses, goats,
etc.), lab animals
(rats, mice, monkeys, etc.), and primates (chimpanzees, humans, gorillas). The
language
"in combination with" a known composition is intended to include simultaneous
administration of the composition of the invention and the known composition,
administration of the composition of the invention first, followed by the
known
composition and administration of the known composition first, followed by the
composition of the invention. Any of the therapeutically composition known in
the art
for treating tetracycline responsive states can be used in the methods of the
invention.
The tetracycline compounds of the invention may be administered alone
or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents by any
of the
routes previously mentioned, and the administration may be carried out in
single or
multiple doses. For example, the novel therapeutic agents of this invention
can be
administered advantageously in a wide variety of different dosage forms, i.e.,
they may
be combined with various pharmaceutically acceptable inert carriers in the
form of
tablets, capsules, lozenges, troches, hard candies, powders, sprays (e.g.,
aerosols, etc.),
creams, salves, suppositories, jellies, gels, pastes, lotions, ointments,
aqueous
suspensions, injectable solutions, elixirs, syrups, and the like. Such
carriers include solid
diluents or fillers, sterile aqueous media and various non-toxic organic
solvents, etc.
Moreover, oral pharmaceutical compositions can be suitably sweetened and/or
flavored.
In general, the therapeutically-effective compounds of this invention are
present in such
dosage forms at concentration levels ranging from about 5.0% to about 70% by
weight.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
For oral administration, tablets containing various excipients such as
microcrystalline cellulose, sodium citrate, calcium carbonate, dicalcium
phosphate and
glycine may be employed along with various disintegrants such as starch (and
preferably
corn, potato or tapioca starch), alginic acid and certain complex silicates,
together with
granulation binders like polyvinylpyrrolidone, sucrose, gelatin and acacia.
Additionally,
lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate and talc
are often
very useful for tabletting purposes. Solid compositions of a similar type may
also be
employed as fillers in gelatin capsules; preferred materials in this
connection also
include lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene
glycols.
When aqueous suspensions and/or elixirs are desired for oral administration,
the active
ingredient may be combined with various sweetening or flavoring agents,
coloring
matter or dyes, and, if so desired, emulsifying and/or suspending agents as
well, together
with such diluents as water, ethanol, propylene glycol, glycerin and various
like -
combinations thereof. The compositions of the invention may be formulated such
that
the tetracycline compositions are released over a period of time- after
administration.
For parenteral administration (including intraperitoneal, subcutaneous,
intravenous, intradermal or intramuscular injection), solutions of a
therapeutic
compound of the present invention in either sesame or peanut oil or in aqueous
propylene glycol may be employed. The aqueous solutions should be suitably
buffered
(preferably pH greater than 8) if necessary and the liquid diluent first
rendered isotonic.
These aqueous solutions are suitable for intravenous injection purposes. The
oily
solutions are suitable for intraarticular, intramuscular and subcutaneous
injection
purposes. The preparation of all these solutions under sterile conditions is
readily
accomplished by standard pharmaceutical techniques well known to those skilled
in the
art. For parenteral application, examples-of suitable preparations include
solutions,
preferably oily or aqueous solutions as well as suspensions, emulsions, or
implants,
including suppositories. Therapeutic compounds may be formulated in sterile
forni in
multiple or single dose formats such as being dispersed in a fluid carrier
such as sterile
physiological saline or 5% saline dextrose solutions commonly used with
injectables.
Additionally, it is also possible to administer the compounds of the
present invention topically when treating inflammatory conditions of the skin.
Examples of methods of topical administration include transdermal, buccal or
sublingual
application. For topical applications, therapeutic compounds can be suitably
admixed in
a pharmacologically inert topical carrier such as a gel, an ointment, a lotion
or a cream.
Such topical carriers include water, glycerol, alcohol, propylene glycol,
fatty alcohols,
triglycerides, fatty acid esters, or mineral oils. Other possible topical
carriers are liquid
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
petrolatum, isopropylpalmitate, polyethylene glycol, ethanol 95%,
polyoxyethylene
monolauriate 5% in water, sodium lauryl sulfate 5% in water, and the like. In
addition,
materials such as anti-oxidants, humectants, viscosity stabilizers and the
like also may
be added if desired.
For enteral application, particularly suitable are tablets, dragees or
capsules having talc and/or carbohydrate carrier binder or the like, the
carrier preferably
being lactose and/or corn starch and/or potato starch. A syrup, elixir or the
like can be
used wherein a sweetened vehicle is employed. Sustained release compositions
can be
formulated including those wherein the active component is protected with
differentially
degradable coatings, e.g., by microencapsulation, multiple coatings, etc.
In addition to treatment of human subjects, the therapeutic methods of the
invention also will have significant veterinary applications, e.g. for
treatment of
livestock such as cattle, sheep, goats, cows, swine and the like; poultry such
as chickens,
ducks, geese, turkeys and the like; horses; and pets such as dogs and cats.
Also, the
compounds of the invention may be used to treat non-animal subjects, such as
plants.
It will be appreciated that the actual preferred amounts of active
compounds used in a given therapy will vary according to the specific compound
being
utilized, the particular compositions formulated, the mode of application, the
particular
site of administration, etc. Optimal administration rates for a given protocol
of
administration can be readily ascertained by those skilled in the art using
conventional
dosage determination tests conducted with regard to the foregoing guidelines.
to general, compounds of the invention for treatment can be administered
to a subject in dosages used in prior tetracycline therapies. See, for
example, the
Physicians'DeskReference. For example, a suitable effective dose of one or
more
compounds of the invention will be in the range of from 0.01 to 100:milligrams
per
kilogram of body weight of recipient per day, preferably in the range of from
0.1 to 50
milligrams per kilogram body weight of recipient per day, more preferably in
the range
of 1 to 20 milligrams per kilogram body weight of recipient per day. The
desired dose is
suitably administered once daily, or several sub-doses, e.g. 2 to 5 sub-doses,
are
administered at appropriate intervals through the day, or other appropriate
schedule.
It will also be understood that normal, conventionally known precautions will
be taken
regarding the administration of tetracyclines generally to ensure their
efficacy under
normal use circumstances. Especially when employed for therapeutic treatment
of
humans and animals in vivo, the practitioner should take all sensible
precautions to
avoid conventionally known contradictions and toxic effects. Thus, the
conventionally
recognized adverse reactions of gastrointestinal distress and inflammations,
the renal
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
toxicity, hypersensitivity reactions, changes in blood, and impairment of
absorption
through aluminum, calcium, and magnesium ions should be duly considered in the
conventional manner.
Furthermore, the invention also pertains to the use of a tetracycline
compound of formula I, II, III, IV, or any other compound described herein,
for the
preparation of a medicament. The medicament may include a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier and the tetracycline compound is an effective amount, e.g.,
an
effective amount to treat a tetracycline responsive state.
EXEMPLIFICATION OF THE INVENTION
Compounds of the invention may be made as described below, with
modifications to the procedure below within the skill of those of ordinary
skill in the art.
EXAMPLE 1: Synthesis of Substituted Tetracycline Compounds
7 lodo Sancycline
One gram<of sancycline was dissolved in 25 mL of TFA (trifluoroacetic
acid) that was cooled to 0 C (on ice). 1.2 equivalents of N-iodosuccinimide
(NIS) was
added to the reaction mixture and reacted for forty minutes. The reaction was
removed
from the ice bath and was allowed to react at room temperature for an
additional five
hours. The mixture was then analyzed by HPLC and TLC, was driven to completion
by
the stepwise addition of NIS. After completion of the reaction, the TFA was
removed iii
vacuo and 3 mL of McOH was added to dissolve the residue. The methanolic
solution
was the added slowly to a rapidly stirring solution of diethyl ether to form a
greenish
brown precipitate. The 7-iodo isomer of sancycline was purified by treating
the 7-iodo
product with: activated charcoal., filtering through Celite, and subsequent
removal, of the
solvent in vacuo to produce: the 7-isomer compound as a pure yellow solid in
75% yield.
MS(M+H) (formic acid solvent) 541.3.
\Rt: Hypersil C18 BDS Column, 11.73
'H NMR (Methanol d4-300 MHz) S 7.87-7.90 (d, 1H), 6.66-6.69 (d, 1H), 4.06 (s,
1H),
2.98 (s, 6H), 2.42 (m, 1H), 2.19 (m, 1H), 1.62 (m, 4H), 0.99 (m, 2H)
7-Phenyl ycline
7-iodosancycline, 150 mg (0.28 mM), Pd(OAc)2 and 10 mL of MeOH
are added to a flask with a stir bar and the system degassed 3x using argon.
Na2CO3 (87
mg, 0.8 mM) dissolved in water and argon degassed is added via syringe is
added along
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
with phenylboronic acid (68 mg, 0.55 mM) in McOH that was also degassed. The
reaction was followed by HPLC for 2 hours and cooled to room temperature. The
solution was filtered, and dried to produce a crude mixture. The solid was
dissolved in
dimethylformamide and injected onto a preparative HPLC system using C18
reverse-
phase silica. The fraction at 36-38 minutes was isolated, and the solvent
removed in
vacuo to yield the product plus salts. The salts were removed by extraction
into
50:25:25 water, butanol, ethyl acetate and dried in vacuo. This solid was
dissolved in
MeOH and the HC1 salt made by bubbling in HCl gas. The solvent was (removed to
produce the product in 42% yield as a yellow solid.
Rt 21.6 min: MS (M+H, formic acid solvent): 491.3
'H NMR (Methanol d4-300 MHz)S 7.87 (d, J=8.86 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (m, 5H), 6.64 (d,
8.87 Hz, 1H), 4.00 (s, 111), 3.84 (s, 2H), 3.01 (s, 6H), 2.46 (m, 2H), 1.63
(m, 4H), 0.95
(m, 2H)
7-(4'-Iodo-1',3'-carboethoxy-.11,3'-butadiene) Sancycline
7-I-Sancycline (1 gm, 1.86 mmol),-was dissolved in 25 mL of acetonitrile
and was degassed and purged with nitrogen (three times). To this suspension
Pd(OAc)2
(20 mg, .089 mmol), Cul (10 mg, .053 mmol), (o-tolyl)3P (56 mg, .183 mmol)
were
added and purged with nitrogen. Ethyl propiolate (1 mL) and triethylamine (1
mL) were
added to the suspension. It turned to a brown solution upon addition of Et3N.
The
reaction mixture was then heated to 70 degrees C for two hours. Progress of
the reaction
was monitored by HPLC. It was then cooled down to room temperature and was
filtered
through celite. Evaporation of the solvent gave a brown solid, which was then
purified
on preparative HPLC to give a yellow solid.
7-(2 ' -Chloroethenyl)-S ancyc line
To a solution/suspension of 0.65 g (1 mmol) of 7-iodo sancycline, 0.05 g
tetrakis triphenyl phosphinato palladate, 0.012 g palladium acetate, 0.05 g
copper (I)
iodide in 10 mL acetonitrile, 2 mL triethylamine and 0.5 g trimethylsilyl
acetylene was
added at room temperature. The reaction proceeded for two hours before being
filtered
through a celite bed and concentrated. The crude product was purified by
preparative
HPLC. The collected fractions were concentrated and the residue was taken up
in about
1 mL of methanol and 2 mL of HCl saturated methanol. The product was
precipitated
with ether. The solids were filtered off and dried under reduced pressure. NMR
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
spectroscopy and LC-MS showed that the compound was 7-(2-chloroethenyl)
sancycline.
7-(4' Aminophenyl) Sancycline
To a solution of 200 mg of 7-(4-nitrophenyl) sancycline in 50 mL
methanol, 10 mg of 10% palladium on charcoal catalyst was added. The reaction
mixture was shaken under 40 psi hydrogen pressure for 2 hours and was then
filtered
followed by concentration. The residue was further purified by preparative
HPLC. 35
mg was isolated as the HC1 salt and the structure was proved by MNR and LC-MS
to be
7-(4-aminophenyl) sancycline.
7-(NN-Dimethylpropynyl)-S ancycline
N(CH3)2
YH OH
H O
7-I-Sancycline (1 gm, 1.86 mmol ), taken in 25 mL of acetomtrile was
degassed and purged with nitrogen (three times). To this suspension Pd(OAc)2
(20 mg,
..089 mmol), Cul (10 mg,.053 mmol), (o-tolyl)3P (56 mg, 0.183 mmol) were added
and
purged with nitrogen for few minutes. NN-Dimethylpropyne (308 mg, 3.72 mmol)
and
triethylamine (1 mL) were added to the suspension. It was turned into a brown
solution
upon addition of Et3N. The reaction mixture was then heated to 70 C for 3
hours.
Progress of the reaction was monitored by HPLC. It was then cooled down to
room
temperature and was filtered through celite. Evaporation of the solvent gave a
brown
solid, which was then purified on preparative HPLC to give a yellow solid. The
structure.of this compound has been characterized using 1H NMR, HPLC and MS.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
7-(2'-Chloro-3-Hydroxypropenyl)-Sane cy line
HO
Cl N(CH3)2
OH
I ,~OHI
2
OH 0 OH 0 0
7-(alkynyl)-sancycline (100 mg) was taken in 20 ml of saturated McOH/HC1 and
stirred for 20 min. The solvent was then evaporated to give a yellow powder.
The
structure of this compound has been characterized using 1H NMR, HPLC, and MS.
7(3 '-Methoxyphenyleth 1)r~ Sancycline
1OMe
J(CH3)2
OH
/ "'`~QHI NH2
OH 0 OH 0 0
7-(3' Methoxyphenylethynyl)-sancycline (1mrnol)/ was taken in saturated
solution of McOH/HCI. To this solution 10% Pd/C was added and'was subjected to
hydrogenation at 50 psi for 12 hrs. It was then filtered through celite. The
solvent was
evaporated to give a yellow powder. Finally, it was precipitated from
MeOH/diethylether. The structure of this compound has been characterized using
1H
NMR, HPLC, and MS.
laming-Sane cy line
(2-Dimethylamino-Ace
13
0
/N I-'-NH N(CH3)2
OH
K
OH OH O O
NN-Dimethylglycine (1.2 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (5 mL) and 0-
Benzotriazol-1-yl-N, N, N, N,-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU,
1.2
mmol) was added. The solution was then stirred for 5 minutes at room
temperature. To
this solution, 7-aminosancycline (1 mmol) was added, followed by the addition
of
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
diisopropylethyl amine (DIEA, 1.2 mmol). The reaction was then stirred at room
temperature for 2 hours. The solvent, DMIF, was removed on vacuum. The crude
material was dissolved in 5 mL of MeOH and filtered using autovials and
purified using
preparative HPLC. The structure of the product has been characterized using 1H
NMR,
HPLC, and MS.
7 (N-Methylsulphonamidopropargylamine) Sancycline
H
N-SO1CH3
\N/
H U OH
NH2
)W8OH
OH O OH O O
To a mixture of 7-iodosancycline mono trifluoroacetic acid salt (I g; 1.53
mmoles), palladium II acetate(17.2 mg; 0.076 mmoles), tetrakis
triphenylphosphine
palladium (176.8 mg; 0.153 mmoles), and copper (I) iodide(49 mg; 0,228 mmoles)
was
added 15 ml of reagent grade acetonitrile in a clean dry 2 necked round bottom
flask.
The reaction was purged with a slow steam of argon gas, with stirring, for 5
minutes
before the addition (in one portion as a solid) of N-
methylsulphonamidopropargyl
amine. The sulphonamide was prepared by a method known in the art (J.Med.Chem
31(3) 1988; 577-82). This was followed by one milliliter of triethylamine (1
ml; 0.726
mg; 7.175 mmoles) and the reaction was stirred, under an argon atmosphere, for
approximately 1.0 hour at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was
suctioned
filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth and washed. with acetonitrile.
The filtrates
were reduced to dryness under vacuo and the residue was treated with a dilute
solution
of trifluroroacetic acid in acetonitrile to adjust the pH to approximately 2.
The residue
was treated with more dilute trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile, resulting
in the
formation of a precipitate, which was removed via suction filtration. The
crude filtrates
were purified utilizing reverse phase HPLC with DVB as the solid phase; and a
gradient
of 1:1 methanollacetonitrile 1% trifluoroacetic acid and 1% trifluoroacetic
acid in water.
The appropriate fractions were reduced to dryness under reduced pressure and
solid
collected. The product was characterized via 1H NMR, mass spectrogram and LC
reverse phase.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
7-(2'-methoxy-5'-formylphenyl)saneycline
H
If 11
OH
I / c I NHi
OH
ON O OH O
7-iodo-sancycline (lg, 1.5 3mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (34 mg, 0.153 mmol), and MeOH
(50 mL) were combined in a 250 mL 2 neck round bottom flask equipped with a
condenser and argon line. The solution was then purged with argon (15min)
while
heated in an oil bath to approximately 70 C. Sodium carbonate (482mg,
4.58mmol) was
dissolved in water (3-5mL) and added to reaction flask. The flask was then
purged with
argon for another 5 minutes. 2-Methoxy-5-formylphenyl boronic acid (333mg,
1.83mmol) was dissolved in McOH (5mL) and added to reaction flask. The flask
was
then purged again with argon for 10 minutes. The reaction was monitored to
completion
within'3 hours. The contents of the flask were filtered through filter paper
and the
remaining solvent was evacuated. Tomake the hydrochloric acid salt, the
residue was
dissolved in,MeOH(sat. HCl) to make the HCl salt. The solution was then
filtered and
the solvent was evacuated. The product was then characterized by 1H NMR, LC-
MS.
7-(2 '-Methoxy-5' -N,N' -Dimethylaminomethylphenyl) S ancycline
\H/
~ ~ a off
O11
7-(2'-methoxy-5'-formylphenyl)sancycline (I g, 1.82mmol), dimethylamine HCl
(297 mg, 3.64 mmol), triethylamine (506 L, 3.64 mmol), and 1,2-DCE (7 mL)
were
combined in a 40 mL vial. The contents were dissolved within several minutes
of
shaking or stirring. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (772 mg, 3.64 mmol) was then
added
as a solid. The reaction was monitored by HPLC and LC-MS and was complete
within
3 hours. The reaction was quenched with MeOH (2 OmL) and the solvent was
subsequently evacuated. The residue was redissolved in 3mL DMF and separated
on a
C-18 column. Fractions from the prep column dried down in-vacuo and the HCl
salt
was made by dissolving contents in methanol (sat. HC1). The solvent was
reduced and a
yellow powder formed. Characterized by 'H NMR, LC-MS, HPLC.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
7-Furanyl Sancycline
o
\ \N/
H H
OH
NHz
OH
OH 0 OH 0 0 7-iodo sancycline (1.3 mg) and Pd(OAc)2 were taken in 100 mL of
methanol and
purged with argon for five minutes at 70 C. To this solution was added a
solution of
sodium carbonate (44 mg) in water (previously purged with argon). A yellow
precipitate was obtained and the mixture was heated for another ten minutes. 3-
Furanyl
boronic acid (333 mg, solution in DMF, purged with argon) was then added and
the
mixture was heated for another two hours at 70 C. The reaction was monitored
by
MPLC/MS. When the reaction was complete, the mixture was filtered through
celite
and the solvent was removed to give a crude material. The crude material was
purified
by precipitating it with ether (200 ml)., The yellow precipitate was filtered
and purified
using preparative }{PLC. The hydrochloride salt was made by dissolving the
material in
McOH/HCl and evaporating to dryness. The identity of the resulting solid was
confirmed using HPLC, MS, and NMR.
7-Cyan Sancycline
N
\ _ = OH
NHZ
ON
OH O OH O
7-iodo sancycline (1.3 g) was dissolved in NMP (15 mL) and CuCN (344 mg)
was added. The' reaction mixture was stirred at 80 C for 15/16 hours
overnight. The
reaction mixture was diluted with methanol and centrifuged to yield a grey
white
precipitate. The reaction mixture was then passed through Celite and washed
with
additional methanol. The filtrate was then concentrated and precipitated with
ether. The
solid obtained was'then purified using preparative HPLC to yield 7-cyano
sancycline in
a 50/50 mixture of epimers. The structure of the product was confirmed using
mass
spectra and NMR.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
7,9-DiiodosancyliRe
30.0 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid was added to 1.00g of sancycline
hydrochloride hemihydrate with stirring and the solution cooled to 0 C. 1.09g
of N-
iodosuccinimide was added portionwise to the solution over one hr and the
reaction
mixture monitored by HPLC and TLC. The reaction mixture was poured into 250 mL
of ice water, extracted three times with n-butanol, and the solvent removed
under
reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by preparative HPLC yielding
787mg
(61%) of 7-iodosancycline and 291mg (22%) of 7,9-diiodosancycline as yellow
and
dark yellow crystals respectively.
MS (FAB): mlz 667 (M+H)
1H NMR (Methanol d-4, 300MHz) S 8.35 (s, 1H), 3.78 (s, 1H), 3.33 (s, 2H), 2.88
(s,
7H), 2.41 (m, 2H), 1.41 (m, 5H).
7 ,9-Bis 3 4-Methylenedioxyphenyl)-Sancycline
H 8
OH
NH
\ / \ 2
OH O OH OH O O
\-O
577 mg (0.74 mmol) 7,9-diiodo sancycline and 8.3 mg (0.37 mmol) palladium
acetate were dissolved in 25 ml methanol, under a nitrogen atmosphere. The
solution
was warmed to 60 T. After stirring for ten minutes 234 mg (2.22 mmol), sodium
carbonate was added followed by 246 mg (1.48 mmol) of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl
boronic acid. The reaction was complete in 4 hours. The reaction mixture was
filtered
through a celite bed and concentrated under reduced pressure. This crude
product was
purified by preparative liquid chromatography using a C18 stationary phase
with eluent
A: 0.1% TFA in water and eluent B: 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile. 60 mg pure
product was
isolated.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
7-Tetramethylsilyleth'nyl-San yclinne
L4 I I \N~
OH \ Li I OH
NHZ ! / \ ! NHZ
6H OH
OH O OH` O O OH O OH O O
10A 10B
SCHEME 10
To a solution of 6.54 g (10 mmol) 7-iodo-sancycline trifluoroacetate 500 mg
tetrakis-triphenylphosphino-palladate, 500 mg copper(I) iodide, 100 mg
palladium
acetate and 30 ml triethylamine 3 ml trimethylsilyl-acetylene was added. The
reaction
mixture was stirred at room temperature for two hours than filtered through
acelite bed
and concentrated. The dry material was picked up in methanol, the insolubles
were
filtered out. The solution was concentrated to recover 6.8 g of the product (l
OB).
7-Ethynyl-Sancycline
I ( \N/ ~ ~ N
H H H H
OH OH
NHZ NHZ
OH 6H
OH O OH O O OH O OH O O
108 11B
SCHEME 11
7-Tetramethylsilylethynyl-sancycline (lOB) is dissolved in 300 ml methanol,
and
stirred at 40 C with 6.8 g potassium carbonate. When no starting material
could be
detected by HPLC (-3 hours), the reaction mixture was cooled in an ice/water
bath and
solids were removed by filtration. The structure, of the alkyne (1 1B) was
confirmed by
LCMS. 11B was then used without further purification in the next step.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
7-Ethyl-Sancycline
N/ N
H H H H
OH I \ = I OH
NH2 NH2
OH 6H
OH O OH O O OH O OH O O
IIB 12B
SCHEME 12
10% palladium catalyst on charcoal (1 g) was added to 7-ethynyl sancycline
(11B) in a saturated methanol hydrochloric acid solvent. The mixture was
placed in a
hydrogenator under 50 psi hydrogen pressure. The reaction was completed in -8
hours.
The catalyst was filtered off, and the resulting solution was concentrated.
The crude
product was purified by preparative liquid chromatography using a C18
stationary phase
with eluent A: 0.1% TFA in water and eluent B: 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile. The
combined clean fractions are concentrated and hydrochloric acid saturated
isopropanol
added. The pure product is precipitated by addition of diethylether and
filtered off.
After drying under reduced pressure 3.2 g of 7-ethyl-sancycline (12B) was
isolated.
7-Ethyl-9-Iodo-Sane cline
"~N~ '-IN1~
H H = H H
OH ~ N \ = H
O O NH2
/ \ I NH2 `\ I / \
OH OH
OH O OH O O H O OH O O
12B 13B 13C
SCHEME 13
7-Ethyl-Sancycline (12B, 6.7 mmol, 3.2 g) was dissolved in 75 ml
methanesulfonic acid at room temperature. N-iodo succinimide (13B, 13.5 mmol,
3.05
g) was added over two hours in 6 portions. After two hours diethyl ether was
added, and
the precipitate was filtered off and dried. The crude product was purified by
preparative
liquid chromatography using a C18 stationary phase with eluent A: 0.1 % TFA in
water
and eluent B: 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile. 1.5 g of pure product (13C) was
isolated.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
7-Ethyl-9-Cyclohexenylethynyl-Sancycline
H H OH H OH
NH2 + NH2
OH O-___OH -
H O H O O OH OH O O
138 149 14C
SCHEME 14
To a solution of 7-ethyl-sancycline (500 mg, 1.13 mmol), 50 mg tetrakis-
triphenylphosphino-palladate, 50 mg copper(1) iodide, 10 mg palladium acetate
and 3 ml
triethylamine 0.1 ml cyclohexenyl-acetylene was added. The reaction mixture
was
stirred at 60 C for one hour, filtered through a celite bed and concentrated.
The dry
material was dissolved in methanol and filtered. The solution was then
concentrated and
purified using preparative liquid chromatography. The preparative liquid
chromatography used a Cis stationaryphase with eluent A: 0.1 % TFA in water
and
eluent B: 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile. 100 mg of the product was isolated.
7-iodo-9-t-Bu l-Sancyclinne
H ~ N~ O I H H ~IJ~
i OH _ = OH
NH2 + NH2
OH ON
O H O
15A 15B 15C
SCHEME 15
9-tbutyl-sancycline (15A, 1.13 g, 2 mmol) was dissolved in 5 ml
methanesulfonic acid (0.448, 2 mmol). N-iodosuccinimide (15B) was added at
room
temperature over one hour in four portions. The product (15C) was precipitated
with
diethyl ether, filtered off and used in other reaction without further
purification.
7-(2-Methoxy-5-Dimethylam nomethylphenyl)-9-t-Butyl-Sancycline
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
NMe2
XH N NMe2 NH
Me0 OH
OH
NH2 NH2
WHO
OH O OH OHO O HOOH O
15B 16B 16C
SCHEME 16
7-Iodo-9-t-butyl-sancycline (15B, 710 mg, 1.0 mmol) and palladium acetate
(22.4 mg, 0.1 mmol) were dissolved in 25 ml of methanol under a nitrogen
atmosphere.
Cesium carbonate (3.25 g,10 mmol)and 2-methoxy-5-dimethylaminomethylphenyl-
boronic acid (16B, 0.435 g, 0.15 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was
stirred at
60 C for two hours and then filtered through acelite bed and concentrated
under
reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by preparative liquid
chromatography
using a C18 stationary phase with eluent A: 0.1 %o- TFA in water and eluent B:
0.1 % TFA
in acetonitrile. 210 mg of the product (16C) was isolated.
74para-tert-bglyl phenyl) -9 aminomethyl sane cy line
_H N
OH
OH
OH O OH O
7-para-tert-butyl phenyl sancycline (5.0 g) was dissolved in trifluoroacetic
acid
(300 niL). Three equivalents of HMBC was added and the reaction was stirred at
room
temperature. After 72 hours, HPLC indicated that the reaction was complete.
The
reaction mixture was filtered to give a brown liquid which was subsequently
dissolved
in methanol and precipitated in diethyl ether. The solid was then purified
using HPLC
and the product was identified using NMR and mass spectra.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
7-Furanyl-9-nitro-S ancycline
o
_H H =
0H
HHZ
H2N
OH
OH O OH 0
500 milligrams of 9-NO2 sancycline was taken in 20 mL of TFA and cooled
down in an ice bath. To this solution, NIS (300 mg) was added in portions and
stirred at
room temperature for three hours. Once the reaction was completed, 7-iodo-9-
NO2
sancycline was precipitated in diethyl ether. The yellow powder was then
filtered and
dried in vacuo.
7-Iodo-9-nitro-sancycline (585 mg) and PD(OAc)2(22 mg). were taken in 20 mL
of methanol and purged with argon for five minutes. To this. solution, Na2CO3
(420 mg,
solution in 5 mL H20, purged with argon), was. added. and a yellow precipitate
was
obtained. The solution was stirred at 55-60 C for five minutes. To this
solution, 3-
furanyl boronic acid (160 mg in 5 mL of DMF,.purged with argon) was added and
the
reaction mixture was heated at 70 C for three hours. The reaction mixture was
then
passed through celite. Evaporation.of the solvent gave a brown solid, which
was then
recrystallized using a mixture of methanol and ether to yield 7-furanyl 9-
nitro
sancycline.
7-Furanyl 9-nitro sancycline (500 mg) was taken in 30 ml of methanol. To this
solution, Pt02 (15 mg) was added and hydrogenated at 40 psi for three hours.
It was
then filtered through celite. The crude material was purified using
preparative HPLC to
yield 7-furanyl 9-amino sancycline.
Preparation of 9-Iodominocycline
To 200inl of 97% methanesulfonic acid was slowly added, at ambient
temperature, portionwise [30g;56.56mM] of minocycline-bis-hydrochloride salt.
The
dark yellow brown solution was then stirred at ambient temperature while
[38g;169.7mM] ofN-iodosuccinimide was added, in six equal portions, over 3.0
hours
time. The reaction was monitored via analytical LC, noting the disappearance
of the
starting material.
The reaction was slowly quenched into 2L of ice cold water containing
[17.88g;1134.1mM] of sodium thiosulfate with rapid stirring. This quench was
stirred
for approximately 30 minutes at ambient temperature. The aqueous layer was
then
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
extracted with 6x200m1 of ethyl acetate before the aqueous was poured onto
[259.8g;3.08M] of sodium hydrogen carbonate containing 300ml of n-butanol. The
phases were split and the aqueous extracted with 4x250m1 of n-butanol. The
organic
fractions were combined and washed with 3x250m1 of water and once with 250m1
of
saturated brine. The resulting organic phase was reduced to dryness under
reduced
pressure. The residue was suspended in methanol (-600ml) and anhydrous HCl gas
was
bubbled into this mixture until solution occurred This solution was reduced to
dryness
under reduced pressure. The filtrates were reduced to dryness under reduced
pressure.
The resulting material was triturated with 300m1 of methyl t-butyl ether and
isolated via
filtration. This material was redissolved in 300m1 of methanol and treated
with 0.5g of
wood carbon, filtered and filtrates reduced to dryness under reduced pressure.
The
material was again powdered under methyl t-butyl ether, isolated via suction
filtration
and washed with more ether, and finally hexanes. The material was vacuum dried
to
give 22.6g of a light yellow brown powder.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
General Procedure For Preparation of 9-Alkynyl Minocyclin.e Compounds
1 mmol 9-iodo minocycline, 50mg tetrakis tripenylphosphinato palladate,
12 mg palladium acetate, 32mg copper (1) iodide are dissolved/suspended in
10ml
acetonitrile. 2 to 5m1 triethylam ne and 3 to 5 mmol alkynyl derivative is
added. The
reaction mixture is vigorously stirred between ambient temperature to 70 C.
The
reaction time is 2-24 hours. When the reaction is completed the dark
suspension is
filtered through a celite bed and concentrated. The crude product is purified
by prep
HPLC. The combined fractions are concentrated and taken up in -lml methanol.. -
3ml
HCl saturated methanol is added, and the product is precipitated with ether.
General Procedure For Preparation of 9-Aryl Minocycline Compounds
0.15mmol of 9-iodominocycline, PdOAc (3.2mg), 229 l 2M Na2CO3 and
2 equivalents of phenyl boronic acid were dissolved/suspended in 10ml
methanol. The
reaction flask was purged with argon and the reaction run for a minimum of
four hours
or until HPLC monitoring shows consumption of starting material and/or the
appearance
of products. The suspension was filtered through celite, and subject to
purification by
prep HPLC on a divinylbenzene column.
9-(4-Trifluoromethoxyphenylureido)-Methyl Minoc cane
N(CHs)2
OH
H H
~ N~N NHZ
O OH O OHO O O
F3CO
To 3 mL of dimethylformamide was added 150 mg (0.25 mmol) of 9-
methyl aminominocyline trihydrochloride and 67 mL (0.50 mmol) of triethylamine
at 25
C. With stirring, 75 mL (0.50 mmol) of 4-trifluoromethoxyphenylisocyanate was
added and the resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 25 C for two hours.
The
reaction was monitored by analytical HPLC (4.6 x 50mm reversed phase Luna C18
column, 5 minute linear gradient 1-100% B buffer, A buffer was water with 0.1%
trifluoroacetic acid, B buffer was acetonitrile with 0.1% trifluoroacetic
acid). Upon
completion, the reaction was quenched with 1 mL of water and the pH adjusted
to
approximately 2.0 with concentrated HCI. The solution was filtered and the
compound
purified by preparative HPLC. The yield of the product was 64 mg (37% yield).
The
purity of the product was 95% determined by LCMS (M+1 = 690).
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
99- 4'Carboxy phenyl) Minoc cY line
N \N
H H
OH
\ I / \ NH2
O H
HO2C I / OH 0 OH 0 0
In a clean, dry reaction vessel, was placed 9-iodominocycline [500mg;
0.762mmoles]bis HC1 salt, palladium (II) acetate [17.2mg; 0.076mmoles] along
with
10mi of reagent grade methanol. The solution was immediately purged, with
stirring,
with a stream of argon gas for approximately 5 minutes. The reaction vessel
was
brought to reflux and to it was sequentially added via syringe 2M potassium
carbonate
solution [1.91m1; 3.81mmoles], followed by a solution of p-carboxyphenyl
boronic acid
[238.3mg; 1.53mmoles]in 5ml of reagent DMF. Both of these solutions were
previously
degassed with argon gas for approximately 5minutes. The reaction was heated
for 45
minutes, the progress was monitored via reverse phase HPLC. The reaction was
suctioned filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth and washed the pad with
DMF.
The filtrates were reduced to an oil under vacuum. and residue treated with t-
butylmethyl
ether. Crude material was purified via reverse phase HPLC on DVB utilizing a
gradient
of water and methanol/acetonitrile containing 1.0% trifluoroacetic acid. The
product
confirmed by mass spectrum: found M+l 578.58; the structure corroborated with
1H
NMR.
9-(4'-Acetyl phenyl) Minocycline
i 0"
on o a" o a
In a clean, dry reaction vessel, was placed 9-iodominocycline
(0.762mmoles) bis HCI salt, palladium (II) acetate (0.076mmoles) along with
10ml of
reagent grade methanol. The solution was immediately purged, with stirring,
with a
stream of argon gas for approximately 5 minutes. The reaction vessel was
brought to
reflux and to it was sequentially added via syringe 2M potassium carbonate
solution,
followed by a solution of p-acetylphenyl boronic acid (1.53mmoles) in 5ml of
reagent
DMF. Both of these solutions were previously degassed with argon gas for
approximately 5 minutes. The reaction was heated for 45 minutes, the progress
was
monitored via reverse phase HPLC. The reaction was suctioned filtered through
a pad
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
of diatomaceous earth and washed the pad with DMF. The filtrates were reduced
to an
oil under vacuum and residue treated with t-butylmethyl ether. Crude material
was
purified via reverse phase HPLC on DVB utilizing a gradient of water and
methanol/acetonitrile containing 1.0% trifluoroacetic acid.
N-Benzyl-9'-minocyclinyl guanidine
H
OH
NH
NH2
N N / E
H OH
OH O OH O o
To a stirred solution of 9-aminominocycline (1.6 mmol) in 30 mL of
acetonitrile, benzylcyanimide (6.0 mmol) was added in one portion. The
reaction
mixture was first heated to refluxed at 60 C for several hours, and continued
at room
temperature for 4-5 days. The guanidino product was subsequently isolated, and
identified using MS, NMR and HPLC.
9-Minocycline methyl ester
H H
OH
OH
/O OH 0 OH 0 0
In the Parr apparatus were placed: 9-iodosancycline trifluoroacetic acid
salt (0.8 g, 1.17 nimol), NaOAc (0.64g, 4 eq.), Pd(dppf)2C12, and CH2C12
(48mg, 5%).
The apparatus was closed, purged with CO, and then filled with CO under
450psi. The
reaction mixture was stirred for four hours at 80 C. It was then acidified
with TFA and
concentrated in vactio. The product was purified by HPLC. A mixture of 3 : 1
epimers
was obtained. The yield was 188 mg of product.
9-N piperdinyl-minocycline
\N
N H
OH
OOHi
11 25 Concentrated H2S04 (2 mL) was added slowly to a stirred solution of
gluteraldehyde (1 mL). Water (0.8 g) was added and stirred at room temperature
for
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
eighteen hours and heater to 70 C for two hours. The mixture was then cooled
to room
temperature. The solution was then transferred to a solution of 9-amino
minocycline in
DMF (5 ml) and stirred at room temperature for two days until all starting
material was
consumed, as indicated by HPLC. The product was isolated and purified using
standard
techniques. The structure of the product was confirmed by NMR and mass spec.
2-[4-(5-Minocyclin-9-yl-furan-2- lmethyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-ethanol
H H
0+1
ANON
NH
~ \ I ON O OH O O
Na2CO3 (0.64 g) in water (5 mL) was added to a degassed solution of 9-iodo-
minocycline hydrochloride (1 g) and Pd(OAc)2 (100 mg) in methanol (lOmL). The
reaction was stirred for five minutes at 60 T. 2-Formyl furan-5-boronic acid
(0.3 g) in
methanol (10 mL) was then added, and the reaction was allowed to proceed for
four
hours. The mixture was then filtered and concentrated to give a brown solid (9-
(2'formyl furanyl)-minocycline).
The brown solid (9-(2'formyl furanyl)-minocycline, 1 g) was dissolved in 20 mL
of
methanol and acetic acid (2 mL) and hydroxyethyl piperazine (1 mL) was added
and
stirred for ten minutes at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with
ether (200
mL), and the organic layer was then washed and concentrated to yield a brown
oil. The
brown oil was the dissolved in methanol (10 mL) and water. The mixture was the
chromatographed using a CH3CN gradient to yield the product, 2-[4-(9-
Minocyclin-2-
yl-furan-2-ylmethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethanol. The product was confirmed using
MS,
NMR, and :PLC.
9-N-morpholinyl minocycline
H
= OH
NHZ
J OH O OH O O
NaCNBH3 (200 mg) was added to a stirred solution of 9-amino
minoccycline H2S04 (1 g) in methanol (4.9 mL) and acetic acid 91 mL) and
stirred for
five minutes at room temperature. (2-Oxo-ethoxy)-acetaldehyde (10 mL) was
added
dropwise and stirred for fifteen minutes at room temperature. The reaction
mixture was
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
concentrated with out heat and the residue was dissolved in 20 mL of methanol
and TFA
(0.5 mL). The product was obtained using preparative HPLC and converted to the
HCl
salt. The product was confirmed using mass spectra and NMR.
N-Benzyl-N',N'-dimethy1-N-(5-minocyclin-9-yl-furan-2-ylmethyl) ethane-l,2-
diamine
V
N H ? ~
o ~ \ . NH=
N ON O OH O
Na2CO3 (0.64 g) in water (5 mL) was added to a degassed solution of 9-
iodo-minocycline hydrochloride (1 g) and Pd(OAc)2 (100 mg) in methanol (lOmL).
The
reaction was stirred for five minutes at 60 C. 2-Formyl furan-5-boronic acid
(0.3 g) in
methanol (10mL) was then added, and the reaction was allowed to proceed for
four
hours. The mixture was then filtered and concentrated to give a brown solid (9-
(2'formyl furanyl)-minocycline)
The brown solid (9-(2'formyl furanyl)-minocycline, 1 g) was dissolved in
mL of methanol and acetic acid (2 mL) and N'-benzyl-N,N-dimethyl
15 ethylenediamine (1 mL) was added and stirred for ten minutes at room
temperature. The
reaction was quenched with ether (200 mL), and the organic layer was then
washed and
concentrated to yield a brown oil. The brown oil was the dissolved in methanol
(10 mL)
and water. The mixture was the chromatographed using a CH3CN gradient to yield
the
product, N-Benzyl-N ,N'-dimethyl-N-(5-minocyclin-9-yl-furan-2-ylmethyl)-ethane-
1,2-
20 diamine. The product was confirmed using MS, NMR, and HPLC.
L4S-(4a 12aa) -9-Amino-4-dimethylamino-3,5 10,12,12a-pentah droxy-6-meth ly
1,11-
dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octah dY ro-naphthacene-2-carboxamide
9-Nitro doxycycline hydrochloride was synthesized as previously
described. 1.0 g was hydrogenated in 40 mL MeOH, 1 mL cone. HCl and 100 mg of
10% Pd/C for 3 hr under 30 psi of H2. The solution was filtered through Celite
and the
filtrate evaporated in vacuo to obtain 0.9 g of the dihydrochloride salt as a
yellow solid.
Yield = 82%. 1H NMR (CD3OD, 300 MHz): b 7.62 (d, 1H, J= 8.08 Hz); 7.14 (d, 1H,
J= 8.08); 4.42 (s, 1H); 3.6 (dd, 1H); 2.98, 2.90 (each s, 3H); 2.84 (d, 1H);
2.72 (m, 1H);
2.59 (dd, 1H); 1.56 (d, 3H). HRMS calcd (C22H26N308+H) 460.1720, found
460.1739.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
F4S-(4a,12aa)1-9-(Diazonium -4-dimethylamino-3 5,10 12,12a-pentahydroxy 6-
methyl-
-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-ngphthacene-2-carboxamide
A flask was charged with 100 mg of compound 10 and dissolved with 4
mL of 0.1 N HCl. The solution was cooled to 0 o C and 35 L of butyl nitrite
was
added with stirring. After 1 h, the bright red mixture was added dropwise to
100 mL of
cold anhydrous Et20". The product was collected by filtration under ether as
an orange
solid. Analytical Rt = 1.90 Method A. LC/MS(ESI): 472 (M+H).
General Diazonium Reaction Procedure
0.1 g of 9-diazonium salt generated in situ (HCl salt) or tetrafluoroborate
salt was dissolved in MeOH and 0.05 equiv. of Pd(OAc)2 added and up to 10%
acetic
acid. The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature, and
2 or more
equiv. of the desired reactant was added. The reaction was typically continued
for 18
hours. The catalyst was removed and the filtrate treated with activated
charcoal and
dried to give the crude product.
[4S-(4(x, 12aa)1-9-(3-Oxo-propenyl)-4-dimethylamino-3,5,10,12,12a-
pentahyddroxy-6-
methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5, 5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-naphthacene-2-carboxamide
Preparative C18 reverse-phase HPLC. Rt = 17.3. Analytical Rt = 9.42.
1H NMR (CD3OD, 300 MHz): 8 7.69 (d, 1H, J= 18.0 Hz); 7.70 (d, 1H, J= 7.8 Hz);
7.32 (d, 1H, J= 7.8); 6.65 (d, 1H, J= 18.0 Hz); 4.05 (s, 1H); 3.57 (dd, 1H);
2.94 (s,
6H); 2.85 (d, 1H); 2.71 (m, 1H); 2.60 (dd, 111); 1.55 (d, 3H). MS(FAB): 499
(M+H).
14S-(4a ,12aa)1-9-jl'(E)-(2'-Phenyl)ethenyll-4-dimethylamino-3,5,10,12,12a-
peiitah droxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6, 11,12a-octahydro-naphthacene-
2-
carboxanlide
' Preparative C18 reverse-phase HPLC Rt 27-30. Analytical Rt = 19.42.
11 1H NMR (CD3OD, 300 MHz): 6 7.69 (d, 1H, J= 8.0 Hz); 7.37 (d, 1H, J= 24.0
Hz);
7.14 (m, 6H); 6.74 (d, 1H, J= 8.0); 4.04 (s, 1H); 3.49 (d, 1H); 2.91 (s, 6H);
2.8 (d, 1H);
2.70 (m, 1H); 2.55 (d, 1H); 1.36 (m, 3H). MS(FAB): 547.1. ERMS calcd
(C30H30N208+H) 547.2082, found 547.2080.
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
General Aiyl or Heteroaryl Boronic Acids Reaction Procedure
A solution of diazonium salt (HC1 or HBF4) 14 in McOH (approx. 10
mg/mL) was cooled to 0 oC and 0.1 equiv. of Pd(OAc)2 was added. The mixture
was
stirred for 5 min, and 1 or more equiv. of phenylboronic acid or heteroaryl
boronic was
added and stirred for 6 h, warming to room temperature during the reaction.
The
catalyst was filtered away through Celite, and the filtrate dried down to
yield the crude
reaction product which was further purified by C18 reverse-phase preparative
chromatography.
[4S-(4a 12aa)1-9-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-4-dimethylamino-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydrox
y~6-
methyl-1 i1-dioxo-1 4 4a,5,5a 6 11 12a-octahdro-naphthacene-2-carboxamide
The purified product was obtained by preparative C 18 reverse-phase
HPLC, Rt= 33.97. Analytical Rt= 18.2. iH NMR (CD3 OD, 300 MHz): 8 = 7.50
(m, 3H); 6.94 (m, 3H); 4.16 (m, 1H); 3.82 (d, 1H); 3.30 (s, 3H); 2.79 (s, 6H);
2.74 (m,
1H); 2.56 (m, 1H); 1.53 (d, 3H); MS(FAB): 551 (M+H).
9-Carbamoyl-4-chloro-7-dimethylamino-1 8,1 Oa,11-tetrahydroxy-10,12-dioxo-
6,6a,7,10,10a,12-hexahydro-naphthacene-2-sulfonic acid
q \N/
H =
\ \ ? OH
l ? I NHZ
H035 =
OH
OH OH O O
Trifluoroacetic Acid (30 mL), and 3m1 of sulfuric acid were taken in a
100n11 flask and stirred for five-minutes. 7-chloro sancycline (4.3 mmol) was
added to
the the acid mixture and stirred for 2-12 h at room temperature to 50 degree.
After
completion (monitored by LC/MS), the mixture was precipitated in 300m1 ether,
filtered
and dried. The product was then purified using preparative HPLC.
'H NMR 8 7.95 (1H, s), 7.15 (1H, s), 4.22 (1H, s), 3.65-3.59 (2H, in),
3.15 (6H, s), 3.09 (1H, m), 2.99 (111, s), 2.86 (1H, s). M+1 527.18. CHN
Analysis :
Calc. C 43.10, H 3.15, N 4.37, S 5.00; found C 42.26, H 3.73, N 4.50, S 5.31
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CA 02780743 2012-06-19
Example 2: In vitro Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (NIIC) Assay
The following assay is used to determine the efficacy of the tetracycline
compounds against common bacteria. 2 mg of each compound is dissolved in 100
l of
DMSO. The solution is then added to cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton broth
(CAMHB),
which results in a final compound concentration of 200 g per ml. The
tetracycline
compound solutions are diluted to 50 gL volumes, with a test compound
concentration
of.098 pg/ml. Optical density (OD) determinations are made from fresh log-
phase
broth cultures of the test strains. Dilutions are made to achieve a final cell
density of
1x106 CFU/ml. At OD=1, cell densities for different genera should be
approximately:
E. coli lx109 CFU/ml
S. aureus 5x108 CFU/ml
Enterococcus sp. 2.5x 109 CFU/ml
50 p1 of the cell suspensions are added to each well of microtiter plates.
The final cell density should be approximately 5x105=CFU/ml. These plates are
incubated at 35 C in an ambient air incubator for approximately 18 hr. The
plates are
read with a microplate reader and are visually inspected when necessary. The
MIC is
defined as the lowest concentration of the tetracycline compound that inhibits
growth.
EQUIVALENTS
Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no
more than routine experimentation, numerous equivalents to the specific
procedures
described herein. Such equivalents are considered to be within the scope of
the present
. invention and are covered by the following claims.
-91-