Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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S
IMPROVED ELECTROMOTIVE MACHINE USING
HALBACH ARRAY AND ELECTRONS TRAPPED IN
ELECTROMAGNETIC PROVIDING CURRENT
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the exploitation of electronic phenomena which
may occur in devices and methods for the generation of rotational energy
from a Halbach array for the production of electricity and other useful
applications. This is a continuation part from U.S. Pat No. 7,352,096 issued
on April11, 2008.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Halbach magnetic arrays have enabled electrical motors to achieve
substantial new efficiencies and powers than were previously possible.
Various applications of these types of magnetic arrays have included such
things as the bullet train, rotational electric batteries, and a variety other
mechanical and electrical devices.
Since the Halbach array was first developed it has been applied to
various applications in order to exploit the relationship between kinetic and
electrical energy which are uniquely related and can be transitioned by
magnetic fields. For instance, in United States patent number 6,758,146
issued to Post on July 6, 2004, a pair of Halbach arrays are magnetically and
structurally connected so as to provide energy for propulsion of the arrays
along a track. In this invention the Halbach arrays actually result in
magnetic
levitation which may be capable of propelling a vehicle or other conveyance
along the track.
The interaction of the Halbach arrays with each other combined with the
interaction of the Halbach arrays with electrically independent track circuit
arrays is intended to result in propulsion of the Halbach arrays (together
with
any objects attached to them) with a high level of energy efficiency. While
the invention taught by Post teaches an efficient use of energy directed
towards a specific result it does not teach the generation of power.
In United States Patent Number 6,768, 407, issued to Kohda, et al. on July 27,
2004, a magnetic field generator is taught. In this invention a Halbach array
is used to
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supply a magnetic circuit for the purpose of providing a more powerful
permanentmagnetic field for use in high energy applications, such as particle
accelerators, magnetic resonance imaging machines, and so forth. This device
shows
the effectiveness of Halbach array is in concentrating and efficiently
transitioning
between mechanical and electrical energy.
In another invention by Post, United States Patent Number 6,858,962, issued
on February 22, 2005, a Halbach array is used to regulate voltage and power
into a
form and level which may be useful in reliably propelling a vehicle or
supplying
energy to a source requiring a specific level of voltage and current. It is a
power
regulation device rather than a power generator, per se.
Integrated circuitry has permitted the luxury of increasingly precise control
over the flow of electrical circuits and has enabled automated decision making
concerning the precise application of electrical energy at rapid speeds in
order to
achieve optimal results in a variety of endeavors.
Along with the improvements in the control of the flow of electrical energy
and
the enabling of precise delivery of electrical energy by automated decision-
making,
either through fields or currents, has also developed improved understanding
and the
ability to exploit and manipulate electromagnetic properties of various
elements. This
has enabled the production of permanent magnets and cores for electromagnets
which
achieve previously unobtainable properties in the ability of materials to
retain
magnetic flux as desired or to create electromagnets which may rapidly adapt
to
produce a high level of magnetic flux and then have the flux either reduced or
reversed as may be desired.
The electrical and electromagnetic characteristics of the fields and currents
created by each apparatus of this sort is unique and may afford potential for
further
and enhanced efficiencies. For instance, certain waveforms are mare adaptable
to
harness energy in a different manner and such may offer advantages. The device
taught in the invention taught in U.S. Pat. No. 7,352,096, issued to the
present
inventors on April 1, 2008, represents a substantial advance in the art. It
achieves a
high level of efficiency by precisely timing the oscillation of fixed-in place
electromagnetic fields traveling through a series of circumferential permanent
magnetic fields to propel a rotor. It would appear that the rapid reversal of
the
electromagnetic fields associated with the stator consumes a relatively
substantial
effort in energizing the electromagnets and then loss as the electromagnet is
de-
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energized in order to be reversed. Accordingly, it would be of benefit to find
a means
of saving this energy as well as facilitating the more rapid energizing and
reversal of
each of the electromagnets. The combination of these abilities might be useful
in
developing a device or apparatus for the generation of electrical energy at
relatively
small levels of consumption which might more effectively harness the energy
from
the permanent magnets and achieve an effective generation of rotational energy
for a
variety of applications from propelling a vehicle or motor to pure power.
generation
without burning fossil fuels or creating nuclear reactions and may be helpful
for
emergency conditions or to augment commercial power.
While each application must be specifically engineered, the research perfonned
and published to date includes specific limitations of the existing Halbach-
type array.
If these limitations could be overcome the Halbach-type magnetic array could
be
applied to a variety of functions.
It is added, however, helpful to recognize the advantages provided by a new
and unique power generation, conversion, or storage device in order to take
advantage
of the opportunities residing therein. With respect to the apparatus taught in
U.S. Pat.
No. 7,352,096, this advantage could exist in the tendency of the apparatus to
not lose
energy in the movement of electrons in and out of the electromagnetic coil and
the
resultant square wave, which allows more efficient conversion to and from a
direct
current.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The inventors have previously solved many of the problems inherent in the
prior art and achieved a new family of power generation equipment which
achieved a
much higher efficiency than was previously possible. They have done this by
applying the principles of the Halbach type magnetic array and, by carefully
programming the electricity delivered to a series of electromagnets, have
managed to
efficiently drive a rotor using a relatively smaller amount of electromotive
force
through the electromagnets in combination with an array of permanent magnets
than
previously possible.
This was done by applying carefully programmed controlling logic circuitry to
a series of radially disposed electromagnets and by adding a "trapping"
circuit so as to
establish and maintain a desired rate of rotation of a rotor which is adapted
with high
magnetic density permanent magnets and means to control the rate of rotation
of the
rotor. In this manner one or more of a series of electromagnets disposed in a
radial
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path need be energized in order to efficiently drive one or more rotors which
are
adapted with one or more stable permanent magnets mounted upon a radial shaft
extending from the rotor.
The electromagnets are, as desired, energized by a current flow which creates
a
magnetic field which interacts with the permanent magnetic field traveling
with the
permanent magnet. The permanent magnet will then will receive alternate
propelling
and attracting forces at the appropriate times to drive the rotor through the
next
segment of rotation to be received by the next electromagnet. The process may
be
repeated throughout the entire radial turn of the rotor. When the apparatus is
used to
generate electricity, for example, the amount of electromagnetic energy
required by
each electromagnet need only be sufficient enough to produce a magnetic field
which
will, when reacting with the magnetic field from the permanent magnet, produce
a
force sufficient to drive the rotor through the magnetic of the generator and
produce
an appropriate burst of electricity of the right voltage and current. When
used for
other purposes the force must be sufficient to overcome whatever load
resistance
demanded by the particular use.
Essentially, the device is capable of storing in its servicing power supply
apparatus increments of direct current bled from the apparatus and, by the
appropriate
computer programming, use such stored energy in a very efficient manner to
produce
or maintain rotational energy by supplying an efficient force upon a rotor
upon or
within which permanent magnets are mounted or stored.
The device may be generally described as a new closed-loop energy generation
machine based partially on the Halbach-type array of permanent magnets and
partially
on the Halbach-type array DC motor generator. This new configuration of the
electric
machine adds closed-loop characteristics to the energy generation cycle as
well as
throttle and input/output controls. Basically, in addition to the Halbach
demonstrated
configuration, this new machine replaces permanent magnets in selected
portions of
the machine with electromagnets controlled and charged with by-product energy
of
the moving components. Switching of the energy distribution is controlled by
computer code using constants and dynamic variables.
Invention of this new application of the Halbach-type array was not possible
until the advent of fast, programmable computer chips, high-speed memory
chips, and
central-processing units with integrated circuit board technology. This new
configuration is constructed using a circular stationary component (called a
stator rail)
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which contains electromagnets located embedded around the rail that produce
controllable electromagnetic fields sequenced by computer code relevant to
rotation
speed, rotation direction, current rotor position, last rotor position,
strength of
previous field, and rotor predicted next position. The electromagnets are
switched on
and off with appropriate polarity and flux strength relevant to proximity of
the
permanent magnetic arrays located on the moving component (the rotor which
mounts
the permanent magnets). By electronically reversing the polarity of the
selected
electromagnet on the stator rail at exactly the correct time during rotation
of the rotor,
the computer code calculates electromagnetic polarity reversal slightly in
advance or
behind the equalized attraction/repulsion position and applies appropriate
voltage to
desired rotational speed, thus producing an additional push/pull rotational
force.
This additional force is partially drained from the electric generation
components of the machine as electricity using common electric generation
commutating technology. This electricity is then routed through transformers
and
relays that charge sequential capacitors and other power supplies which may be
necessary to maintain the operation of the apparatus. When the capacitors are
fully
charged, the stored electricity is released and modulated to activate the next
computer
selected electromagnet.
In addition to the closed-loop properties of this new machine, the electro-
motive force along with stored kinetic energy of the rotational component is
harnessed with geared shaft arrays to produce other work energy. The invention
comprises four necessary components. Generally, the four components are a
stator to
house the electromagnets, a power supply (normally a capacitor or battery or
some
combination of these) for the electromagnets, a rotor, which mounts or houses
permanent magnets, and controlling logic circuitry. The invention results from
the
selection of specific magnetic materials coupled with the control of magnetic
fields by
logically controlled circuitry.
When used for electric power generation an iteration of the apparatus may
provide electromagnetic coils within the generator which are turned through
the
power generation magnetic field by one or more rotors which extend radially
from the
generator shaft and upon which are mounted permanent magnets which rotate
along a
circumferential rail. Permanently mounted about the circumferential rail are a
series
of electromagnets. These electromagnets are made of material which permits
rapid
magnetization and polarity reversal without significant residual magnetization
or
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degradation of its magnetic properties.
The power supply will normally result from a capacitor or battery and will
supply precise bursts of current to be rail mounted electromagnets in order to
create
the appropriate magnetic conditions for the operation of the device. The power
supply
may actually received a portion of its stored electricity from the generator
itself. The
power supply must be capable of precise control with respect to the quality
and
quantity of stored electrical energy as well as its delivery to be rail
mounted
electromagnets.
The controller will be adapted with control circuitry which is capable of
keeping track of the position of the rail mounted electromagnets with respect
to the
permanent magnets mounted on the end of the one or more radial rotors
extending
perpendicularly from the shaft of the generator. The purpose of the controller
is to
precisely direct electrical current from the appropriate element of the power
supply to
the designated rail mounted electromagnets at the precise time required to
drive the
rotor radially about the generator shaft and to turn the generator shaft. This
can be
done either by magnetically attracting the rotor mounted permanent magnet to
the
next rail mounted electromagnets or by magnetically driving the rotor mounted
permanent magnets from the last rail mounted electromagnets or by doing both
at the
same time.
Through continued development of the apparatus, in particular taking
measurements of the significant operating parameters, the following
observations
have been made which have led to a remarkable and often noble discovery. This
has
to do with the efficiency of the apparatus as it approaches higher rotational
speeds so
that the currents producing the electromagnetic fields are switched on and off
more
rapidly and the cycles become closer in time to each other. In particular,
this
phenomena is that it is possible to "trap" electrons within the
electromagnetic coil and
save them for use in the next cycle.
This has been exploited by providing additional relay circuitry to the
electromagnetic coil so that it no longer has a current flow in one direction
or another
and, at appropriate times, the electro-motive force is switched completely of
and the
circuit is open so that the electrons within the coil have no path out and are
"trapped"
within the coil for future use.
Essentially, the invention takes advantage of a disparity in the magnetic
properties between the permanent and electromagnets used in the driving
magnetic
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paths and the magnetic properties in the permanent and electromagnets in the
power
generator and, in a large measure, results in a transfer of stored electricity
from the
permanent magnets in the rail mounted driving magnetic circuit into
electricity. This
is enhanced by recognizing and exploiting the electrons trapped in the
electromagnetic field producing currents.
It is anticipated that the present invention may be used to provide electric
generators, motors and electro-motive devices of all sizes, demands, and
purposes
including, but not limited to:
Primary and or emergency power generation for single and multifamily homes,
commercial, industrial and alI buildings and devices currently connected to a
power
grid. Due to the scalability of this device, the electro-motive machine can be
designed
for any application. In these applications, the very small amount of energy
required to
replace energy lost by the electro-motive machine due to natural forces such
as
gravity or friction can be obtained from the grid;
Primary and or emergency power generation for any application not connected
to a power grid regardless of size, energy demand and or purpose. Such uses
may
include, but are not limited to remote construction sites, powering structures
and
devices such as well pumps, water treatment and sewage facilities, and
military and
space applications. In these applications the very small amount of energy
required to
replace energy lost by the electro-motive machine due to natural forces such
as
gravity or friction can be periodically obtained from supplemental sources
including,
but not limited to, hand generators, batteries or generators powered by fossil
fuels or
natural energy sources;
Providing electrical power to devices not connected to the power grid and
currently powered by battery, fossil fuels or natural energy sources of all
sizes and
power requirements;
Powering, small, miniature and subminiature devices including but not limited
to cell phones, pacemakers and other medical devices, flashlights, computers
toys,
games., switches and cameras;
Uses and devices requiring movement of any type including but not limited to
vehicles, conveyor systems, pumps, and industrial, aerospace, military and
space
applications.
It is then an object of the present invention to provide a more efficient and
effective means of converting magnetic energy into rotational energy by the
skillful
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manipulation of electrical currents and electromotive forces.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a means of generating
and maintaining consumable electricity from sources other than fossil fuels.
It is another object of the present invention to take advantage of the
disparity
which can be created in the magnetic properties of various materials to
convert and
generate consumable energy.
It is another object of the present invention to provide apparatus and method
for producing and maintaining an alternative source of energy which is
independent of
fossil fuels and may, for some realistic period of time, be self-sustaining.
It is another object of the present invention to provide apparatus and method
for producing and maintaining an alternative source of energy which considers
and
takes advantage of the behavior of electrons within inductive circuits which
are
subject to rapidly changing and precisely controlled electromotive forces.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from
the
following description in which the preferred embodiments have been set forth
in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In describing the preferred embodiments of the invention
reference will be made to the series of figures and drawings briefly
described below.
Figure 1 is a block diagram which is useful in describing the
phased operation of a power generator built according to the present
invention.
Figure 2 depicts the positioning of the various components of a
generator unit built according to the present invention.
Figure 3 depicts the cross-section of the upper portion of the shaft (I 11)
from
the side further depicting a stator and the arrangement of electromagnets with
cut out
section revealing rotor housed within and permanent magnets on disk rotor.
Figure 4 depicts, in isolation, a disk rotor which is integral with a
shaft.
Figure 5 depicts an oblique view of the stator and disk rotor in
isolation with cut out portions of the stator and the disk rotor showing
electromagnets and permanent magnets arranged with regular spacing.
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Figure 6A depicts a reversing electromagnet with an attractive
electromotive force supply and a repelling electromotive force supply as
described in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 6B depicts the electromotive force attract and repel
circuits, each further adapted with electron blocking switches.
Figure 7 depicts the magnetic field pattern desired for a
permanent magnet approaching the influence of an electromagnet as the
disk rotor rotates.
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Figure 8 depicts the magnetic field pattern desired for a permanent magnet
departing the influence of an electromagnet as the disk rotor rotates.
Figure 9 depicts the side view of an alternative rotor in which the permanent
magnets are mounted near the ends of rotor arms rather than a disk rotor.
Figure 10 depicts the top view of an alternative rotor in which the permanent
magnets are mounted near the ends of rotor arms rather than a disk rotor.
Figure 11 depicts an alternative rotor which comprises several disk rotors.
Figure 12 depicts a block diagram of the basic Halbach array apparatus.
Figure 13 depicts a block diagram of how the improvement to the present
invention improves the efficiency of the apparatus.
Table 1 depicts the logic sequence which may be used in the process of
energizing and de-energizing an electromagnetic coil and in determining which
polarity is desired for energization.
Table 2 depicts the parameters burned into the device unique chip of the
preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Table 3 depicts the parameters monitored by sensing and controlling software
in signal communication with the device-unique chip of the preferred
embodiment of
the present invention.
Table 4 depicts a predicted efficiency model for a configuration of apparatus
built according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention without a
blocking circuit.
Table 5 demonstrates the improved efficiencies achieved with the present
device.
Table 6 is an example of an algorithm which could be used to control the logic
circuitry.
While certain drawings and tables have been provided in order to teach the
principles and operation of the present invention, it should be understood
that, in the
detailed description which follows, reference may be made to components or
apparatus which are not included in the drawings. Such components and
apparatus
should be considered as part of the description, even if not included in such
a
drawing. Likewise, the drawings may include an element, structure, or
mechanism
which is not described in the textual description of the invention which
follows. The
invention and description should also be understood to include such a
mechanism,
component, or element which is depicted in the drawing but not specifically
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
described.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiment of
the invention, an example of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings
and
which is further described and explained by reference to the accompanying
tables.
While the invention will be described in connection with a preferred
embodiment, it
will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to that
embodiment. On
the contrary, it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and
equivalents as
may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention defined in the
appended
claims.
While the following description will seek to improve understanding of the
invention by describing the various components and elements, it should be
considered
that certain apparatus may be sufficiently and adequately explained by the
accompanying drawings, which are fully incorporated herein. and not require
further
description. All such apparatus should be considered as part of the
specification of the
invention for all purposes.
Making reference first to Figure 1, a power generator constructed according to
the preferred embodiment of the present invention is depicted in block diagram
format.
It can be seen that the stator, rotor, a power supply, sensors, and a circuit
controller are all connected in a closed loop cycle. In addition, referring to
the block
describing the controller, it can be seen that the controller is adapted with
inputs
relating to the rotation of the rotor, the timing and polarity of the
electromagnets, and
the overall speed of the device. It can also be seen that the data is
processed through
the logic circuitry of the controller to make decisions regarding the
activation of
various electromagnets. Through a switch or relay the electricity from the
appropriate
power supply, which may have been processed by the controller, is eventually
passed
to the various electromagnetic rotational components of the stator.
The power generator reflects that the generated power is passed through two
transformers. One of these transformers may pass the electricity back to the
power
supply through a load switch. If the device is properly managed the
electricity passed
through the load switch and back into the power supply will be sufficient to
charge
the electromagnets through another cycle of power generation. The excess power
may
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be passed through another transformer to be placed in an appropriate form for
power
consumption.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention as depicted in Figure 2
it
can be seen that a generator (100) is powered by an electromotive machine
(110) is
housed within an enclosure (101). While the preferred embodiment is described
as
powering a generator, it is again pointed out that the machine may be used to
supply
power to any device requiring or consuming rotational energy. A shaft ( I1 1 )
is in
rotational communication with a power generator unit (100) by means of a
transmission (102). Upon the shaft (111) is further mounted a disk rotor (121)
and a
housing (131) for a bearing joint (132) to be received by a stator (141). The
stator
(141) is secured by some reliable means (not depicted) to either the housing
(101) or
the support base (103). Also mounted upon the shaft (111) in close proximity
to the
disk rotor (121) is an inductive cooling fan (112).
As depicted in the preferred embodiment of the present invention on figure
2one or more smaller and independent DC generators (114) could be mounted upon
the shaft in order to provide the current necessary to operate any portion of
the
controlling circuitry or to charge any available power supply needed to
operate the
apparatus or to directly supply the electromagnetic energy used by the
apparatus as
will be described in greater detail. It should also be noted that the
inductive cooling
fan (112) and the independent DC generator (114) are alternatives to a variety
of
means of cooling and supplying the energy for the operation of the device.
Additionally, these components may be unnecessary for some applications. For
instance, the internal operating power for the device, when used as a power
generator
as it is in the preferred embodiment, could alternatively be supplied by means
of
taking a portion of the output energy and transforming it into the proper form
and
amount. All of these alternatives should be seen as keeping within the spirit
and scope
of the present invention.
Still making reference to Figure 2 it can further be seen that a CPU (1 SO) is
in
electrical signal communication with the stator (141), a power supply (142),
and a
distribution box (143). These comprise the principal electrical and signal
components
of the apparatus that may be used to generate electricity. It should be noted
that while
the power supply (142) has been depicted as a capacitor, any number or
combination
of electrical power providing components, including but not limited to such as
batteries, capacitors, inverters, or mechanical power generation and storage
devices,
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may be used as long as they are capable of storing electricity and releasing
it in
precise bursts. For instance, each electromagnet could, but need not, be
powered by
an individual dedicated capacitor which is adapted to store and release the
energy
needed to ensure the necessary supply is made available when needed.
Having described the general construction and the schematic operation of the
apparatus it is now useful to briefly describe, in general terms, how the
apparatus may
be operated to generate electricity. Magnetic fields (not depicted in Figure
2) created
by electromagnets housed within the stator (141) interact with the magnetic
fields
from permanent magnets (not depicted in figure 2) mounted upon or housed
within
the disk rotor (121) to establish and maintain a desire rate of rotation of
the shaft
(111). This rotation may be transmitted through a transmission (102) to a
generator
(100) in order to power a desire consumer of electrical energy. The logic
circuitry
within the CPU (150) keeps track of a variety of variables and, based upon the
unique
engineering of each device, determines the optimal time and electrical current
for
energizing the electromagnets within the stator (141) and also may control the
flow of
electricity to and from the power supply (142) and distribution box (143).
Making reference now in figure 3 it is helpful to examine the cross-section of
the upper portion of the shaft (I11) from the side and the relationship
between the
stator (141) and the disk rotor (121). It can be seen that electromagnets
(151) are
housed both above and below the outer edge (122) of the disk rotor (121).
Mounted at
this point near the outer edge (122) of the disk rotor (121) may be one or
more
permanent magnets (123). Electromagnets (151) are, by conductors (152) in
electrical
communication with a power supply (not depicted in figure 3). Figure 3 also
depicts
to independent DC generators (114) and the inductive cooling fan (112). It
further
depicts the transmission member (102) and the bearing joint (132).
Figure 4 depicts, in isolation, a disk rotor (121) which is integral with a
shaft
(I 11). This also shows that the permanent magnets (123) are regularly
positioned
along or near the outer edge (122) of the disk rotor (121). As will be
described in
greater detail later, the angular orientation of the permanent magnets (123)
may be
adjusted to optimize the operation of the apparatus.
Making reference now to Figure 5, an oblique view with cut out portions of the
stator (141) and the disk rotor (121) shows that the electromagnets (151) and
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permanent magnets (153) may both be arranged with regular spacing on the
stator
(141) and disk rotor (121) respectively. As with the permanent magnets (123)
and as
will be described in greater detail later, the angular orientation of the
electromagnets
(151) may also be adjusted to optimize the operation of the apparatus.
Also along the stator may be a sensor (171) which is used to measure and
signal to the CPU (150) information regarding the positioning of the rotor
(121) and
the rate of rotation of the rotor (121). Such sensor (171) may, but need not,
comprise a
laser (172) which "looks for" a particular point or feature (126) of the rotor
(121) in
order to establish the relative relationship between each of the
electromagnets (151)
and each of the permanent magnets (123). This is possible because, as will be
pointed
out in more detail below, the CPU (150) will have a ROM within which is etched
a
precise description of the rotor (121) used for any application of the
apparatus. In
practice, the positioning sensor (171) may use any method to define the
positioning
and any other number or variety of sensors may be used to measure and signal
any
variety of parameters of operation of the device or useful information
concerning the
ecosystem or environment of the apparatus.
Making reference now to Figure 6, it can further be seen that they may, but
need not, be double-wound with electromagnetic coils (161, 162) adapted to be
alternatively energized by a modulated power supply (represented by 163) to
produce
opposite magnetic field orientations. While the modulated power supply (163)
is
depicted in figure 5 for the purpose of demonstrating the nature of the double-
wound
electromagnetic coils (161. 162), in practice the power supply for the
electromagnetic
coils (161, 162) would be supplied by the power supply depicted as (142) in
figure 2
and would be modulated by the CPU (150). Table 1 depicts an example of how
such
reversing electromagnets may be easily controlled by a logic circuit. As an
alternative to double-wound coils, for instance, separate electromagnetic
coils could
be adapted for opposite magnetic polarity.
It is useful here to point out that, while the preferred embodiment has been
described with respect to a stator which houses electromagnets (lSl) both
above and
below the permanent magnets (123), the only matter of real importance to the
operation of the apparatus is that the electromagnets and permanent magnets be
sufficiently proximate to each other and that the CPU ROM is aware of the
proximity
so that this factor will be properly considered in the logic circuitr4y which
will
regulate the apparatus. This will be described in more detail later in this
description.
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Making reference to figure 6A it can be seen that each of the electromagnetic
coils are adapted with and attract circuit (201) and a repel circuit (210).
Such circuits
are designed to ensure that the electromagnetic field interacts with the
magnetic field
of the permanent magnet to create an attracting force when each permanent
magnet
approaches the next electromagnetic coils ( 161,162) and, after passing each
electromagnetic coils (161 ,162), the electromagnetic field will be reversed
to push
the permanent magnet (123) along to the next electromagnetic coils (161,162).
The inventors have discovered, however, that if both the attract circuit (200)
and the repel circuit (210) are further adapted with relays (201,211) which
can be
used to effectively turn off the attractive and repelling currents from the
coil that
electrons will remain "trapped" within the coil and not escape, which requires
additional electromotive force to replace them within the coils (161,162).
The output measurement of the apparatus is shown in Tables 4 and 5. Table 4
depicts the output of the apparatus without the rapping relays (201,211) which
may be
used to trap the electrons within the coil. It can be seen that there is a
rapid reduction
in output at the time that the electromotive force applied to the
electromagnetic coil is
turned off what the circuit left closed. In the same graph it can be seen
that, in the next
cycle, time is required to return the output to its peak. This represents the
electromotive force required to restore the current to the electromagnetic in
order to
achieve the required electromagnetic field.
Making reference now to Figure 5 it can be seen that the output of the
apparatus approaches the pattern of a square wave. The energy and efficiency
lost
without the trapping relays (201,2 11) represented by the energy necessary to
first
build the output up to peak and which is then dissipated with the escaping
electrons is
recovered as the electromotive force is only required to oscillate the
electrons back
and forth within each of the electromagnetic coils.
The timing of both the application of the attracting and repelling
electromotive
forces together with the timing of the trapping relays (201,211) is a matter
which is
programmed into the logic circuitry of the apparatus.
It should be noted that the apparatus is both adapted and intended to be used
in
a variety of environments and with a variety of fabrication materials,
particularly with
respect to the magnetic materials. This is true both for the permanent magnet
and for
the electromagnetics. Such variety extends not only to the materials used with
the
various magnets but also extends to the shape and configuration.
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
For instance, the magnetic fields created and sustained by the permanent
magnets will necessarily decay over time. If the apparatus is to be used in an
environment or situation in which maintaining the apparatus by replacing the
permanent magnet upon its decay to a certain level. it may be desirable to use
a
material such as blank for the permanent magnet since such material decays at
a much
slower rate. On the other hand, if the device will only be used in relatively
short
bursts of time and, be regularly maintained it may be desirable to use a
ceramic
permanent magnet, which may offer other advantages, such as less expensive
fabrication and easier replacement.
Additionally, certain kinds of permanent magnetic materials are capable of
maintaining more intense magnetic fields or, if such materials may be molded
or
shaped, shaped magnetic fields which may further enhance the efficiency of the
magnetic field interaction between the permanent magnet and the induced
electromagnetic fields.
While the apparatus is meant and intended to work with any material which
may be adapted to maintain a permanent magnetic field, it can also be seen
that the
electromagnetic circuitry, including both the standard application of
electromotive
force to each electromagnetic coils as well as the trapping circuitry. can and
should be
adjusted to take maximum advantage of the particular interaction between
permanent
and electromagnetic fields.
Similarly, electromagnetic coils now are available in a variety of materials
and
configurations. While it is generally convenient and accurate to say the
electromagnetics have a "core" it is also well-known that such "core" may be
either
some material, the ambient atmosphere, or a vacuum. Additionally, while it has
also
been traditionally understood that the electromagnetic "coils" comprised a
series of
current loops, it is also possible to configure a loop of current sufficient
to produce an
electromagnetic field without a series of current loops but with a "band" of
current
which may be cylindrical, triangular, or in a box configuration as long as the
current
travels congruously "around" the targeted space desired for electromagnetic
field
production.
Additionally, the relative field strengths between each of the permanent
magnetic fields and each of the electromagnetic fields must be considered. Of
course,
it would be desirable to keep this relationship the same for each of the
permanent
magnetic field and electromagnetic field interactions as the device rotates.
But it must
16
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
also be considered that the magnetic field of each permanent magnet and the
magnetic
field induced within each electromagnetic will bear some relationship to each
other
and such must be taken into account in the timing and programming of the
electromagnetic circuitry. This is because the permanent magnetic field may
have the
effect of creating an opposing electromotive force resulting in a tendency to
drive the
trapped electrons away from the coil. Accordingly, the timing of blocking this
path in
order to more efficiently trapped the electrons will be a function of all of
the
parameters of the device, including its rotational speed, the physical
dimensions of the
magnetic components and the various magnetic materials and configurations
used.
As set forth in Figure 13, Adding discrete proprietary closed-loop high-
voltage
electromagnet coil(s) circuitry and algorithmic controls is used to exploit a
square
wave form created by the trapped electron in the electromagnetic circuit. The
circuits
and control mechanisms taught herein trap electrical reflections within the
electromagnetic arrays on field collapse. As each pulse is delivered to the
appropriate
electromagnet the delivery circuit is controlled by relays that are directed
to open and
close according to instructions from timing and controlling systems designed
to keep
the electron trapped.
These trapped electrons in effect, are already loaded to the electromagnet(s)
thereby shortening voltage build-up time within the coil(s) as well as
continuing to
produce work rather than escaping to ground or otherwise collapsing. Repeated
test
results demonstrated that an input power reduction of nearly 60% permitted a
constant
RPM with MGE proprietary circuits switched ON as compared to maintaining the
same RPM with MGE circuits switched OFF. % Reduction = (Amount of decrease /
Initial value) *100
For example,
17
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
Constant RPM: 127.6 watts use with MGE circuits OFF; 51.77 watts use with MGE
circuits ON. Note: Repeated testing with different RPM constants
tend to demonstrate a linear expectation throughout the rpm ranges
available. Description:
The MGE circuit works as follows. A signal from the controller is received by
relay. The relay opens primary high-voltage positive/negative feeder circuit
to
selected electromagnet(s). Current is released to electromagnet. When
electromagnetic field turn-off is commanded by the controlling algorithm, all
circuits
are simultaneously broken to the electromagnet by relays (201) or (211). This
traps
the previously loaded electrons within the electromagnet. When electromagnetic
field
turn-on is commanded by the controlling algorithm, both positive-negative
circuits are
simultaneously opened to the electromagnet.
On circuit close, all electrical pathways are terminated by the controlling
algorithm with commands to relay mechanisms that immediately cut connectivity
to
the appropriate electromagnet. On circuit open, the previously designated
negative
connector is charged with positive electrons which meet and collide with the
ready-to-
escape electrons. The resulting collision reverses polarity and prevents the
previously
trapped negative electrons from escaping from the electromagnet. This reversed
field
influences the movement of the rotor based upon the precise moment of reversal
to
produce a rotating moment eventually harnessed as torque.
In addition to conserving the electricity used to energize each electromagnet
by
not having to reload each electromagnet every time the field collapses, the
loaded
electromagnet continues to influence both the rotating moment as well as to
generate
electrical energy by the simple movement of the permanent magnets in proximity
to
each previously loaded electromagnet. This energy lessens the amount of
electrical
energy needed to turn on the each commanded electromagnet.
18
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
Circuit isolation and electromagnetic waveforms are achieved as follows adding
a
switching interface to external power sources controllable via algorithmic
activation
contains both transformer and rectifier isolation which improves waveform
consistency and energy transformation efficiency. By using electronic
switching to
completely isolate external power sources from energy delivery to the
electromagnets
square waveforms are produced rather than traditional sine waveforms.
Operating the
machine in a closed-loop environment increases delivery of electrons to the
electromagnets for a given cycle duration.
Square waveforms enable instant on/instant off delivery of electrons across
each coil's array (and individual coils) for the entire duration of the power
pulse rather
than the build-up typically found in conventional electric (AC/DC) motors.
Delivery
has been demonstrated to realize full power across the coil(s) within 4
microseconds
for both attract and repel cycles.
Further, in conventional motors field collapse normally creates a large
opposite
polarity drain to ground of otherwise lost energy. Our technology uses
circuitry to
reclaim this reflective loss; reverse its polarity and reuse those otherwise
escaping
electrons to increase efficiency. This switching of energy supplied to the
coils has
demonstrated a 213% increase of useful coil energy without additional power
input
from an external source.
As briefly described above, the disk rotor (121) will be propelled by the
interaction between the magnetic fields of the electromagnets (151) and the
permanent magnets (123). It is helpful to examine the interaction of the
magnetic
fields of an electromagnet (151) and a permanent magnet (123) as a permanent
magnet (123) mounted upon a disk rotor (121) approaches an electromagnet
(151), as
depicted in Figure 7, and then passes and leaves the electromagnet (151), as
depicted
in Figure 8. Figures 7 and 8 depict the lines and intensity of magnetic flux
as the
permanent magnet (123) is first attracted, Figure 7, and then repelled, Figure
8, from
the influencing electromagnet (151). This same pattern may be reproduced all
around
19
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
the circular stator (141) and disk rotor (121) array as may be determined by
the CPU
(150).
The efficiency and advantage of the apparatus stem from a combination of
three factors. One is the selection of the engineering pattern for a given
apparatus.
This includes the factors such as the size of the rotor and stator, the
spacing between
the permanent magnets and electromagnets, and the materials used. Another
factor is
the selection of materials for the core of the electromagnet and for the
permanent
magnet. This will be described in more detail later. Finally, the programming
of the
CPU, which will be shown to include both a ROM and a RAM which may be adapted
to achieve the optimal efficiency of the apparatus for a given application.
It is helpful to make an observation about the physical engineering of the
apparatus. The preferred embodiment has been described as a disk rotor housed
generally within a stator so that electromagnets are both above and below the
permanent magnets on the disk rotor. It should be noted that, as depicted from
the side
in Figure 9 and from the top in Figure 10, the rotor (210) need not be a disk
but could
also be one or more arms (211) extending radially out from the shaft (111)
with the
desired pattern of permanent magnets (213). Such a configuration may be
desirable
when there are limitations upon the selection of materials or when the mass of
the
rotor is a factor.
The number of rotors used will depend upon a variety of factors. Such factors
would include the spacing of the permanent magnets and the ability of the
electromagnets to be manipulated so as to produce a rapidly variant magnetic
field, to
include even the possibility of a reversing magnetic field. This is because
the more
rotors which are to be used and, as well, the greater the rate of rotation of
the rotors it
becomes more necessary to select electromagnetic core material which will
permit the
more rapid variance of the in this electromagnetic field. Figure 11 depicts
how a
series of rotors (214) may be combined along a single shaft (215) and housed
within a
series of stators (216).
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
Similarly, it can be envisioned (although not depicted here) that the
electromagnets
could be fastened by some means other than a single stator as long as they are
properly positioned and secured in such positions. Moreover, even if the
present
embodiment is used it can be seen that electromagnets need not be positioned
both
above and below the rotor or may be positioned more towards the end of the
rotor.
A concrete slab is depicted as the foundation or platform for the apparatus.
While it may be possible to provide an adequate platform with a material other
than
concrete, it should also be mentioned that a stable environment is another
important
factor for the operation of this apparatus. Any leaning or vibration in the
rotating shaft
would detract from the efficient and relatively frictionless rotation of the
generator
shaft. One of the objects of the apparatus as designed is to avoid as much
heat loss
and Faraday loss as possible in order to improve efficiency. Also, as
efficiency
considerations become more and more sensitive, such things as temperature, the
magnetic properties and dimensions of enclosure materials, ambient
electromagnetic
radiation, and so forth maybe taken into account. This could be done by
additional
CPU processing or be specifically engineering an apparatus for a given
environment,
such as (but not at all limited to) the weightlessness of space, the heat and
aridity of
the desert, or the cold humidity of an arctic environment.
All of these potential alternatives should be seen as keeping within the
spirit
and scope of the present invention.
The materials which have been selected for this use are critical because of
the
need for the permanent magnet to sustain its flux density as it is repeatedly
influenced
by varying induced electromagnetic fields and the need for the electromagnets
to be
rapidly both reversed and switched on and off. Accordingly, a material which
is
highly resistant to any magnetic field creation at all would not be acceptable
for use in
the electromagnetic core according to the present invention. Similarly, a
material
which may create a powerful magnetic field but one which would also maintain a
substantial residual magnetization from the electromagnetic current would
present
problems in that such would create an obstacle to the continued rotation of
the rotor
rather than providing it with the necessary boost to continue through the
function of
power generation.
21
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
For these reasons the selection of materials for both the electromagnets and
the
permanent magnets are a crucial feature of the present invention. Regarding
the
permanent magnets (151) ceramic or ferrite magnets are flexible with the
magnetic
powders fixed in molds for each position in the mechanism and are preferred
materials for the present electro-motive machine device; although other
permanent
magnets are not excluded. They can be made into round bars, rectangular bars,
horseshoes, rings or donuts,_ disks, rectangles, multi-fingered rings, and
other custom
shapes as appropriate for the present electro-motive machine requirements.
Some may
be cast into a mold and require grinding to achieve final dimensions. Others
start as a
powder which is pressed into a mold or pressure bonded or sintered.
Of course, there may be a variety of materials either presently known or later
to
be developed which can satisfy this requirement. The properties required by
the
electromagnetic core for the rail mounted electromagnets in the present
invention are
such that the material must rapidly and efficiently magnetize and be capable
of
equally rapid return to an equilibrium state or even a reverse magnetic
polarity state
when the appropriate driving current is provided.
The electromagnets for the present electro-motive machine may be constructed
of alternating materials to effect different properties switched on/off by the
controller
computer code at exactly the right time in proximity to the rotor permanent
magnets.
The core of the electromagnets will be non-ferromagnetic to compensate for and
eliminate residual magnetism when rapidly switched on/off. The strength and
polarity
of the magnetic field created by the electromagnet will be adjusted by
changing the
magnitude of the current flowing through the wire and by changing the
direction of
the current flow.
For example, a ring magnet can be magnetized where N is on the inside and S
on the outside, or N is on one edge and S on the opposite edge. or N is on the
top side
and S on the bottom side, or multiple N and S poles all around the outside
edge, etc.
The Bx component of the field is uniform to +/-1% in a planar, thin volume of
2 x 10 x 0.2mm (x, y. z) which is particularly appropriate for in-plane
effects in planar
samples oriented parallel to the Electromagnet surface. Bx can be computer or
manually controlled over the range of +/-0.4T (4000G) at z = 2mm from the
Electromagnet surface, decreasing to a range of +/-
0.1 T(I000G) at z = 12mm. This formula will be used to alter the strength of
the
electromagnet arrays by varying z by computer code using last stored proximity
22
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
position relative to moving permanent magnet components. The alternate wiring
of
the electromagnet will reverse polarity on demand as commanded by the computer
code.
The magnetic flux density is proportional to the magnitude of the current
flowing in the wire of the electromagnet. The polarity of the electromagnet is
determined by the direction the current. The key importance of the
electromagnet
.array characteristic is the ability to control the strength of the magnetic
flux density,
the polarity of the field, and the shape of the field. The strength of the
magnetic flux
density is controlled by the magnitude of the current flowing in the coil, the
polarity
of the field is determined by the direction of the current flow, and the shape
of the
field is determined by the shape of the iron core around which the coil is
wound.
It should be noted that, as previously mentioned, it may also be possible to
equip a rail with permanent magnets and to drive the rotor by providing an
alternating
magnetic field to electromagnets mounted upon or near the end of the rotor
which
travels along the rail from one permanent magnet to another. If this
embodiment of
the present invention were to be adopted, the ability of the electromagnetic
core
material would even more subject to rigorous requirements of magnetic flux
variance
than in the original embodiment.
23
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
Accordingly, while it is not anticipated that this would be a common
embodiment of
the present invention, it is here noted that the principles of the present
invention could
be practice with such an embodiment and, accordingly, such an embodiment
should
be seen as keeping within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
As will be demonstrated later in this description, the key to the success of
the
invention is the timing and sequencing of the mil mounted electromagnets and
the
ability to control and adjust the magnetic fields. While more will be provided
about
this process later in the course of describing this invention, it should be
seen
immediately that the efficient control and application of electromagnetic
energy to the
rotor is a critical function and that the ability to absolutely control the
magnetic state
of each of the electromagnets is a goal to be achieved.
For instance, the easier and more efficient it may be to magnetically energize
and then magnetically de-energize and perhaps even magnetically reverse the
polarity
of an electromagnetic core, the more the efficient the device will operate. In
a similar
manner, the more efficiently the electricity can be delivered to desire to
electromagnets and switched away from the cyclically idle electromagnets, the
more
efficient will be the use of the energy necessary to sustain the motion of the
rotor.
Figure 12 schematically depicts the interconnection of the various electrical
connections and controls. It depicts reversing electromagnetic arrays along
the rail of
the device with producer arrays within the power production portion of the
generating
unit. It further depicts the sensors along the rail and the shaft which record
last and
current positions of the rotor with time stamps. It can now be understood how
the
information is fed into the logic circuitry which, depending upon the rate of
rotation,
the position of the rotating permanent magnets and rotors, and the desire
power output
may adjust the rate and level of the electrical current to the electromagnets
in order to
produce the desired level of electricity.
24
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
Additionally Figure 12 depicts the signal communications and power
connections which regulate and carry the electromagnetic current from the
capacitor,
through the distribution box, and to the electromagnets which are presently
required
for engagement in schematic form.
Figure 13 depicts one potential configuration of a circuit board which would
be
adequate to operate the apparatus. It includes input receptacles for receiving
the
required data with respect to the rotation of the generator shaft. It also
includes
outputs for switching the current from the capacitor to the desired
electromagnets at
any given point in time. The sequential timing of the electromagnet firing
will likely
require fine tuning and optimization for each combination of electromagnetic
cores,
operating speeds, and power outputs desire. This is because optimal timing
will be
based upon the magnetic properties of each electromagnet configuration and the
configuration of the electric field in each rail mounted track.
For instance, depending upon the surroundings of each rail, a different shape
of
magnetic field may exist Some of these electric fields may not warrant
supplying an
electromagnetic force until a rotor mounted permanent magnets is very near the
target
electromagnet whereas other electric field whereas other electromagnetic
configurations may result in measurable field strength in more distant
locations from
the target electromagnet thereby justifying the application of a longer
electromagnetic
pulse.
The theme of the invention is in creating an enhanced efficiency of the use of
a
Halbach magnetic array to drive the rotation of the generator of a rotor and
to permit
its rotation to be sustained by bleeding off only a small portion of the
rotational
energy generated by the electromotive machine. This is accomplished by making
more effective use of the residual magnetism of permanent magnets and by
engineering a framework for rotation which is highly efficient and stable.
Most
significantly, however, this is achieved by the carefully calculated
application of
current to electromagnets at the precise time and through the precise range of
rotation
to produce a steady rotation while using only a small amount of electrical
energy.
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
It is, then, important to understand the function and operation of the
controlling
logic circuitry. This new electric-motive machine uses computer code etched in
proprietary computer chips (ROM) that provide switching instructions to
activate/deactivate the reversing electromagnets (151) as the disk rotor (121)
and
permanent magnets (123) rotate within the stator (141). Each configuration of
the
apparatus will need to be programmed and tuned to achieve maximum efficiency.
In order to optimize the operation of the apparatus, the CPU (150) includes a
ROM, which comprises a chip into which the generally non-variable parameters
of
the device are etched. These might include the size of the rotor and stator,
the spacing
patterns of the permanent and electromagnets, and other such information.
Table 2
depicts what may be on the ROM. Table 3 depicts the measurements taken by the
sensors of the apparatus which are available in the CPU RAM. 'Table 6 depicts
a
series of programming commands which may be useful in controlling the
operation of
an electro-motive machine utilized as a power generator as described in the
preferred
embodiment of the present invention.
This algorithm (Table 6) governs the flow, strength, selection, and polarity
of
the electromagnets located in the outer rail (stator ring) in which the rotor
permanent
magnets interact. As each rotation is completed, the computer code will check
environmental variables to gain permission for another cycle. Depending on
output
and/or throttle controls/limitations, the cycle can be accelerated or slowed
by
changing the speed, electromagnet strength, and duration variables with an
interface
that overwrites selected RAM values.
Other such computer logic devices may be incorporated to perform ecosystem
controls such as environment temperature limits, input/output conditioning,
device
controls such as throttle, use specific characterization, etc. These could
include, but
are not limited to, the following additional controls: vary electromagnetic
strength
using environmental limits; distribute current to electromagnet switching
device;
provide monitors and alarms; control capacitor load/unload sequence; control
battery
charging sequence, strength, duration; maintain device state, device maps, and
component status; perform logical expressions influenced by external input;
and other
functions as necessary.
It can be seen that each such additional ecosystem adjustment capability
offers
an opportunity to further enhance the efficiency of the device and it should
also be
seen that the device would not even need such controls or measurements if
operated
26
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
under conditions where they were not necessary, such as when the device has
been
engineered to a particular and stable ecosystem. These and others may be added
or
deleted to suit the needs of any given configuration of the apparatus and each
combination, from no ecosystem measurements or controls to a combination of as
many as can be imagined should be seen as in keeping within the spirit and
scope of
the present invention.
Based on empirical data from prior research such as that performed for the
Halbach Electric Machine; the present invention may improve efficiency and
energy
conversions in any one or combination of the following areas:
Hermetically sealed electro-motive machine housing eliminates dust, particles,
and other external conditions (humidity, etc.) from increasing moving part
friction.
The electro-motive machine housing may be evacuated and filled with insert gas
such
as Nitrogen to further reduce friction;
Use of sealed bearings with synthetic lubrication oils supporting a wide
temperature range allows less susceptibility to metal fatigue thereby increase
operating life and reduce friction;
Certain load-carrying bearings may be suspended magnetically to further
reduce friction;
Use of ceramic materials for electro-magnetic components and stator housing
components eliminates residual magnetic flux interference as well as assist
device
cooling;
Ceramic material or cast aluminum construction for primary housings allow
shaped magnetic flux patterns to be created and then stabilized for maximum
efficiencies without casing and structure interference. Shaped fields and flux
patterns
for both stator and rotor components are then optimized for maximum pull,
push, and
free rotation;
Stabilized shaped field intensity and duration are adjusted by computer to
further increase efficiencies based on stator/rotor position measurements and
throttle
control commands;
Use of aluminum and titanium composites for rotor, permanent magnet
mounts, and other non-ferrous materials for rotor shaft increase field
efficiencies and
reduce rotational flux interference;
Incorporation of molded fan blades as a part of the rotor operating
within a hennetica I ly sealed environment reduces need for external cooling
27
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
mechanisms. Energy conversion efficiencies are improved by filling the
hermetically sealed electromotive machine housing with an inert gas less able
to break down by temperature rise;
Use of capacitors to store electricity produced by the electro-motive machine
generating components to re-supply electro-magnets activation increases
battery life
thereby increasing time before battery replacement;
Use of a dry/wet charged cell battery to provide starting energy and computer
controlled electro-magnet sequential activation lessens dependence on
electrical
charging components; Battery replenishment circuits connected to transformers
connected to standard shaft or gear driven generators improve battery life and
machine operating cycle life;
Use of gold plated or gold composite contacts for electrical paths reduces
latency, electric path resistance, and improves current flow efficiency;
Using solid-state switching computer code reduces latency of current switching
to electro-magnets and improves ability to meter electro-magnet strength, flux
density, and permeability thereby increasing efficiency and longevity of
electro-
magnetic materials while providing instant on/off and throttle capability;
Use of geared shaft output for external generating components and motive
power provides dual purpose and taps stored kinetic energy from rotating parts
to
assist efficiency under load;
Use of narrow commutating rings and high-density (gold or other highly
conductive material) brushes with separate permanent magnets for internal
electricity
generation routed to capacitor and transformers battery charging circuits
improves
closed-loop characteristics;
Use of capacitors, transformers, solid-state switching controlled by computer-
code to route pre-determined current voltage, amperage, and wattage to
appropriate
devices using calculated timing based on rotor/stator relationships improves
efficiency beyond any known configuration of Halbach or other magnetic
electric
machines;
Measured location installation and sizing of each stator electro-magnet
provides static positioning information that is used to calculate polarity,
on/off, and
power to the electromagnets thereby insuring that only the most forceful and
directional part of the repel/attract magnetic flux interaction with permanent
magnets
is used to move the rotor. Generally, this is determined to be from 38 to 47
degrees
28
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
off North/South axis but this may vary from this range depending upon the
particular
apparatus and materials used.
An example of the operational efficiency of the device is provided herewith in
Table 5. It should be noted that this is the result predicted for just one of
many
potential embodiments of the apparatus all of which should be seen as keeping
within
the spirit and scope of the present invention.
A basic electro-motive machine could be constructed using the following
components:
1. alternating current generator;
2. rotor shaft with disc at one end;
3. bearings to hold rotor in a position perpendicular to the circular rail;
4. relays to switch current into and out of the capacitors;
5. multi-position switch with single current input and multi-port outputs;
6. capacitors to store/discharge generated electricity;
7. wet or dry cell battery;
8. ceramic core electromagnets with dual windings that reverse polarity;
9. permanent alnico magnets embedded on the rotor disc perimeter;
10. a housing that contains a circular rail with embedded electro-magnets
paced equal
distance around the perimeter with two perpendicular holes containing the
rotor shaft
bearings;
11. a measurement table of distance between each electro-magnet;
12. a measurement table of distance between each permanent magnet on rotor;
13. photo-cell or laser sensor to determine rotor/stator position
relationship;
14. wiring to enable redirecting current to each electro-magnet from the multi-
output
switch;
15. wiring that activates electro-magnets with polarity in one direction and
duplicate
29
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
wiring that activates the same electro-magnets with polarity in the opposite
direction;
16. commutating ring with brushes to receive generated current from the
conventional generator;
17. transformers to alter voltage and alternating current into direct current;
18. wiring from the generator brushes to transformers;
19. wiring from the transformers to a regulator to charge the battery;
20. a gear on the output shaft of the rotor to obtain motive force;
21. a calculator to compute interval, polarity, and voltage required by each
electro-
magnet approaching the rotor based on current rotor position, rotor permanent
magnet
location, rotor rotation speed, rotor rotation direction, and last known rotor
position,
last known rotor rotation speed, last known rotor rotation direction, last
known
electro-magnet position proximity, last known electro-magnet position
proximity
identification, last known electro-magnet position proximity identification
polarity,
last know electro-magnet position proximity identification strength;
22. a mechanical means to start rotor rotation, either hand crank or
externally power
starter motor geared to rotate rotor one complete 360 degree rotation; and
23. non-ferrous materials to construct casing, rotor shaft mounts, frame and
housings.
It is worth mentioning that even such matters as the reversal of magnetic
arrays
(placing permanent magnets on the stator and electromagnets on the rotor)
could be
accomplished without departing from the spirit and scope of the present
invention,
although this particular alternative might complicate the task of supplying
energy to
the electromagnets.
It should also be readily seen that a variety of substitutions are available
for
these components and that these components may also be satisfied and further
augmented by a variety of available devices. All of these alternative
component
selections should be seen as keeping within the spirit and scope of the
present
invention. Such alternatives extend to not only the various material and
engineering
alternatives that have been mentioned, but also the variations in such things
as the
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
operational parameters which are measured and factored into the operation of
the
apparatus by means of the logic circuitry. Moreover, all of the various
applications for
the apparatus should be seen as included by this disclosure, both those which
have
been specifically mentioned as well as those which may be obvious from this
description. Any device in which the described or similar radial magnetic
arrays are
used and exploited by carefully selecting materials and operating sequences to
achieve maximum efficiency in developing radial energy should be seen as so
included as well.
The apparatus further describes the use of electrical circuitry which is well
known and need not be further described or depicted herein. Such includes the
use of
relays, switched, brushes, coils, and so on to accomplish well-known
electrical tasks
and objectives. Each of these should also be seen as keeping within the spirit
and
scope of the present invention.
Further modification and variation can be made to the disclosed embodiments
without departing from the subject and spirit of the invention as defined in
the
following claims. Such modifications and variations, as included within the
scope of
these claims, are meant to be considered part of the invention as described.
31
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
Table 1
LOGIC:
Trmwtamp
If position (SPC o SPL) and
elapsed time ((1'SC - TSL) a 0)
then send pole reverse request (SPCmx)
Tbnestemp
Retain activate SPCmxRI(modulation)
SPC - shaft position current
SPL - shaft position last
TSC - timesmnp abaft current position
TSL - timestamp shaft last position
SPCmx - Identified specific magnet
SPCmxR1= Reverse polarity Instruction
No real time clock (time - time from start)
Memory tables: position map, magnet map, rotor map, last position, current
position, last polarity instruction, last modulation
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
Table 2
Variables stored in ROM (read only memory) device configuration specific;
Elec1nmagnet location an rail circumference 0 - 360 degrees
Flux maps of permanent rotor magnate (configuration specific)
Distance between each rail electromagnet (configuration specific)
Distance between each rotor permanent magnet (configuration specific)
Rated roux rotor RPM (confgurat on specific)
Rated max internal temperature (con* ration specific)
Motion sensor position maps (configutation specific)
Motion sensor latency (build/decay time)
(other constants as needed for ecosystem controls)
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
Table 3
Variables stored in RAM (random access memory) for read/update:
Current timestamp
Past timestamp
Elapsed time (current timestamp - past timestamp)
Past rotor position (If zero then current position - past rotor position)
Current rotor position (active motion sensor number)
Last a ec omagnet
Current electromagnet
Next electromagnet
Rotor direction (clockwisefcounterclockwise)
Last poiarlty
Current polarity
Next polarity
Lanz electromagnet power
Current electromagnet power
Next electromagnet power
Lim motion sensor
Current motion sensor
Nod motion sensor
Rotor rotation direction
Stop
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
Circuit I
ON
CCUit 2
ON
C rcuit 3
ON
When woe add our proprietary d= ft and logic
NO SPIKE = NO LOSS
kmm of of use COil OnOW w adttlo t PWAW Input ~ l
scarce.
Cbout *AbAftL
TAI3L E 4
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
COIIMe111fOnas 1eDhn~Y
VMe nleke
SQUAM
WMn ws nm st. ddo I uak1 ay oar technology
No Std, 110 CURVES a No LOSS, (pesky a ScIency
FuN1ar, In catwentlonal molars IWCI ocUtpee nomsUy orates a Islpa opposhs
to
rade6n this relkc tau nrvene Aa polerlq- and nuee
Mcaj* eleca0ne to knows etcienoy.
IYutbeVon:
T/\I3LE 5
CA 02785994 2012-05-22
T"bf
PAmuyenl read trappta~ algorithm:
Oobs lnuntes/op^true
Radslop
sad bid varbbb
Rid rwrspftd Wment
Itrotorspeed arrant ^ 0 then stop. trw
Ifbad ^ no bed and rotor speed current a 0 then repeat
Ifbed>no bad and rotor speed awe* o roarspaaddalgn pad) then Irtraete trappbr~
dimple of' (air ant rotor speed / savor pdsa aft)- bad destm pulse baervat
Iftrappirg c deslpn (bed) trapping then decease auorputse rate wdb ppbrg =
destp trappprp
(bed}
Wtrepphrd>didgn goad) trapping than Increase redraw rate uaq recharge rate.
nrucdedgn
II nft
Repast
Wswa orm(sw Aft tosqutsewevegomrs):
If trappla ^ madmum dun bappbrp and rotorspad arrreM (load) lsc design rotor
speed natant
pond) dm bobM erdenui suppllr
Waveform (swltchq lath to sinew avebm *
If bad<maa,design bad ant recharge sate cmadasp recharge rote and design
rotorapeed reinsert
i dun rotorspeed (load) thenopen externalsupply
slwnduyenba datgorltlrra:
Do begin unfit stop a true
Red stop
tlllaladateaappbrp
hNvraveforawatadate
Repast
