Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Application Number: 2,792,579
Classification: BO3C 1/32
Owner: Nadeem, Mahmoud Shaker
Examiner: Harvey Berg
Date of report: 7 May 2014
Title of the invention: Magneto Orifice Plate - MOP
Filing date: 2012/10/17
The Description
1. Technical Field
The present invention lies in the field of feed water magnetic
treatment for the purpose of enhanced industrial water purity and
preventing lime scale accumulation inside water pipe walls as
well as save of burning fuel energy at burning chambers by using
permanent magnetic fields.
2. Background of the Invention
Prior to this invention, it has been well known and documented that
magnetic treatment of water can be very helpful in softening water
It has been found and approved that exposure of liquids to
magnetic fields are particularly effective in reducing crust and scale
buildup on conduit walls and helping to remove the formation of
scale associated with the handling of calcareous waters which
deposit scales on heat exchanger and water pipelines. The
phenomena is based on recognizing that magnetic fields impose
forces on moving electric charges (ions in the water), The forces
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caused by the magnet can provide the activation energy needed
by the ions to form new molecular structures and break some other
structures. The new structures essentially suspend the impurities
in the water in a way that reduces their tendency to precipitate out
of solution to form scale on water pipes and in equipment such
as heat exchangers, boiler feed water system and tubes.
Numerous magnetic devices had been proposed and are in use
for the purpose of water treatment. Other than patent citations
listed end of the pages, the following examples are more related:
On 22 Sep. 1953 Vermeiren U.S. Pat. No. 2,652,925 teaches a
treatment apparatus using ring- or donut-shaped magnets which
produces a magnetic field and a passage for the liquid to be
treated.
On 12 May 1970 Dominic Avampato U.S. Patent No. 3,511,776
discloses a method and device for removing ions from sea water
with the aid of applied magnetic fields within a plane perpendicular
to the direction of water flow.
01 Aug 1972 Kottmeier and Happ U.S.Patent No. 3,680,705A
discloses a structure for subjecting liquids having a dissolved and
suspended calcareous content to magnetic lines of force. The
liquid is caused to pass around a number of permanent magnets
developing lines of force through which the liquid moves in a path
intersecting such lines of force.
20 April 1976 Charles H. Sanderson, U.S. Patent No. 3,951,807
discloses an apparatus for treating water to reduce the buildup of
scale in water systems, a device which includes a cylindrical,
multipoled magnetic core and an outer casing of magnetic material
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disposed in radially spaced-apart and including ports for causing
the water to pass through the magnetic field between the magnet
and the magnetic casing.
05 May 1981 Menold U.S. Pat. No. 4,265,754 provides an
apparatus for treating fresh water by producing a magnetic field in
close to a flow of water within a water conduit.
25 March 1987 China Patent No. CN86202462, relates to a tube
shape for magnetizing fluid characterized in three permanence
magnetic rods fixed in a pipe and have consistent axial cords use
magnetic treatment for diesel, gasoline, natural gas, liquefied
petroleum gas, crude oil, fuel oil and other hydrocarbon fuels such
magnetization can improve combustion efficiency and reduces
carbon and environmental pollution, similar fuel magnetizer
granted.
12 June 1990 Zimmerman U.S. Pat. No. 4,265,755 provides a
magnetic water treating device within a conduit. This device
provides easy assembly without adversely affecting the ultimate
functional capability of the overall unit.
03 Jan. 1995 Schoepe U.S. Pat. No. 5,378,362 provides a system
for treating water to reduce calcium carbonate deposits. Pairs of
magnets are utilized to facilitate changing of the spacing between
adjacent magnets.
22 Oct. 1962 in Patent No. 3,059,910, a report of test made by an
independent testing laboratory was introduced as showing that
improved performance was noted, carbon accumulation is reduced
to almost zero, and low octane fuel used in a high compression
motor acts as though it has a higher octane value. It fires without a
customary compression knock.
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06 Feb. 2001 Tae Young Jeong U.S. Patent No. 618370061
discloses a fuel activation apparatus using hollow cylindrical
magnetic body which maximize ionization of particles of fuel under
influence force in magnetic field. Other patent citations below
shows several methods and systems of magnetic fluid treatments,
Similarly on 04 Nov. 2003 Deborah Barnes U.S. Pat. No.
6641725B1 provides flexible magnet, with an adhesive backing
wrapped 1 or more times around the outside surface of a conduit.
Prior art also generally discloses various commercial means and
methods by which different sizes magnetic emitting blocks are
fixed over the steel pipe line, or magnetic bars are fixed inside
piping spool with end flanges where the water stream transverse
the magnetic field, the piping spools length fabricated with a
length of 1.5 - 6.0 feet (450-2000) mm made according to
pipe sizes. The water pipeline should be cut, mating
flanges to be welded in the pipeline, the spool to be installed
between the mating flanges, and hydraulic or X-Ray test should
be carried out to check possibility of fluid leak after welding before
plant start up.
It is apparent from the foregoing that the prior art implement the
magnetic fluid treatment by utilizing electromagnetic field or
external permanent magnets fixed over the line with magnetic
fields surrounding a feed water inlet tube using same principle but
failed to discuss, show, or suggest any type apparatus for
pipelines which can be inserted into pipe flanges to fit in all
plant pipeline raised face flanges using standard length apparatus.
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3. Summary of the Invention
The present invention is made for softening and treatment of
industrial water to prevent built-up of scale in liquid and
particularly those with highly abrasive fluids by utilizing a
combination of plurality permanent magnets with strong
magnetic fields to precipitate suspended solids, minerals and
calcareous materials in the liquid.
The apparatus implement the latest developed magnet used
for high strength magnetic field and length of time the field can
act which increases the energy and transformed into activation
energy in the solution for better treatment.
The apparatus comprises of orifice plate, magnetic assembly
including magnetic bars, and steel ring - will be fully explained
hereinafter- which provide a path to the fluid passing through an
orifice plate bore designed for maximum process flow rate capacity
whereby the water passing therethrough is more fully exposed to
multiple magnetic fields. The apparatus inserted into pipeline
flange located within water stream at any flow direction wherein
the molecular clusters of the fluid being treated is subjected to
strong multiple magnetic fields resulted in breakdown of the
molecular clusters, and instability in fluid atoms, surface tension
of the water and consequently in reduction of the
industrial water hardness, control of the lime scale build-up in
boilers feed water system, heat exchangers, and cooling tower
water piping, a method and apparatus is also used at burning
chamber inlet to save burning fuels energy. A plurality of disc
or cylinder shaped permanent magnets disposed within thin
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stainless steel tubes are arranged to produce optimized
interactions between the magnetic fields and conductive flowing
liquid which is to be conditioned and the generated magnetic flux
potentials and currents, the effect of the present structure being to
shift the precipitation within the liquid itself.
The present magnetic structure produces a combination of
plurality of high strength magnetic fields intensity through which
the fluid flows. The magnetic fields coupled with the number of
magnetic bars used. The direction of magnetic field within the
present magnetic assembly are oriented in a selected manner to
the flow of the liquid passing through the orifice, this orientation
being perpendicular to the fluid stream.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the present apparatus
comprises a magnetic assembly consist of magnetic bars and
steel supporting strip to hold the said bars, housed within a steel
ring, the said assembly having a combination of plurality magnetic
fields generated within the orifice plate bore diameter located
centrally of orifice plate designed to allow maximum fluid capacity,
in this manner, maximum magnetic intensity are achieved with
magnetic flux forces act on the fluid stream. Present apparatus
can particularly be inserted into pipe flange that act to inhibit
calcium and other chemical deposits in the pipe, the fluid stream
passing through the orifice plate cuts the magnetic field produced
by the device, activation potentials required for nucleation then
being exceeded as aforesaid. Precipitate thus formed can then be
flushed from the water system. The present invention find
numerous applications, a characteristic common to the
applications being the ability to reduce the man
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power cost, maintenance, an apparatus construction parts material
reduced cost, and extend the life time of process equipment
individually if inserted into the inlet flange of filter, heat
exchanger, evaporator, rotary machines for mechanical seals and
bearings protection, and tight shut-off control valves against fine
ferrous materials.
The present invention has for its object to provide a device to
obtain a good result, the liquid must cut directly the lines of force
of the magnetic field and does not require a supply of external
power supply current, and the efficiency of which exceeds the
devices where the magnets are fixed over the pipe line which may
reduce the flux density passing through to reach the fluid stream
inside the pipe by the outer steel wall thickness of the pipe. The
present invention implement transverse and cut of the fluid
stream directly and successively to the lines of force of the
magnetic fields in a substantially perpendicular manner without
dissipations of the magnetic field forces, it is therefore an object
of the present invention to provide further embodiments of
improved apparatus and for the treatment of fluids with multiple
magnetic field flux forces wherein the apparatus exhibits high
performance.
The design of present invention also takes in consideration the
following objectives:
a. A thin compact insertion type apparatus using standard length,
maximum 25mm (1.0 inch) to fit in all plant pipeline raised face
flanges size 4 to 54 inch.
b. Safe method for installation and operation in hazard plant
locations, means an apparatus use no cutting in plant
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pipeline, no spark, no welding, suitable for class 1 group B,C,D,
division 1 hazard area.
c. Another object of the invention is to provide economical apparatus,
simple in construction, light weight, with low material cost and
manpower installation.
d. To provide a path for fluid stream through the orifice plate
focused to permanent magnetic fields with magnetic flux forces
act perpendicularly on the water to be treated.
e. The significant object of the invention is the combination of
multiple and sequence permanent magnetic fields in the
apparatus, referring to FIG.-08, the number of magnetic bars
in 16.0 inch apparatus are 8 bars, each contain 8-24 rare
earth permanent magnet Neodymium NdFeB grade N42, or grade
N52 an average of 16 permanent magnet each, around 120
magnetic fields generated with flux density of 6800
to 10,000 gauss and a
residual flux density of 14.5-14.8KG,
and a tensile strength of 7.5kg/mm2 acting individually at
once on fluid stream which makes it the
strongest
multiple magnetic fields density ever proposed or
discussed in any cited patent for fluid magnetic treatment.
4. Brief Description of the Drawings:
Fig.-01 and Fig.-02 shows the actual apparatus manufactured
for pipeline sizes 6.0 inch and 8.0 inch respectively. FIG.02B
shows reference drawing.
Fig.-03 is the Magneto Orifice Plate ¨MOP typical dimensional
drawing of 6 inch size, showing the paddle orifice plate mounting,
pipe inside and outside diameter, and steel ring dimensions.
Fig.-04 is the design calculations in inch for MOP apparatus used
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in different pipe sizes raised face flanges with an orifice bore
diameter sizes based on higher Beta ratio than the flow orifice
Beta ratio, the table shows the clearance between the steel ring
and pipe inside diameter of 10mm (0.393 inch), also shows the
steel ring.
Fig.-05 shows same dimensions, but in millimeters.
Fig.-06 shows design drawing for fabricating of 4.0 inch size
apparatus.
FIG.-07 shows design drawing for fabricating of 6.0 inch size
apparatus.
Fig.-08 shows design drawing for fabricating of 16.0 inch size
apparatus.
Fig.-09 is the MOP data sheet for the service condition of fluid to
be treated required by the customer.
5. Detailed Description
Hard water that contains dissolved minerals, especially calcium, to
scale buildup in pipes, taps and appliances, such as boilers, water
heaters, heat exchangers, etc.. The consequences of such
deposition causes pressure and energy losses. Various physical
methods and devices for water treatment are used as alternatives
to soften water by chemical additives, or ion exchange resins. The
present invention relates to the treatment of water and burning
fluids by permanent magnets located within an orifice plate,
positioned to transverse the fluid flow
direction which cause
excitation in the conductive dissolved solids, the physical
interaction that takes place between electrical charges and water
molecules can cause certain atoms to lose their electrons.
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Ionized atoms and magnetic fields cause changing to the surface
tension of the fluid and characteristics of the hardness of
industrial water, improve its purity and prevent the scale buildup,
because of less ability to bond each other. Also the
burning fuel economy is maximized at burning chamber by
changing the clustered hydrocarbon fuel molecules through the
magnetic fields so that the clusters break apart in more surface
area of the fuel molecules to ensure complete combustion
process and allows maximization of the fuel economy. The
present apparatus is located within the fluid stream flow of
water with combination of multiple powerful magnetic fields that
act perpendicularly and directly inside the pipe to the water
stream, thus generating the desired beneficial effect in changing
its surface tension resulted in enhanced
industrial water
purity, preventing the lime scale accumulation on inside water
pipe walls. Dimensioning of the device shown in
aforementioned drawings wherein the essential parameters such
as flow rate, process temperature, differential pressure across
the orifice plate, and the magnetic field strength, are
considered to achieve optimized conversion of the dissolved salts
and fuel moleculars by the magnetic fields strength, resulting in
effective magnetic treatment. For fuel magnetic treatment for
example the cited patent of magnetic fields and burning fuel for
increasing fuel effeciency in U.S. Pat. No. 4,572,145 to Mitchell, et
al. describes a device which positions a magnetic field adjacent to
an automotive fuel line for purposes of maximizing the burning fuel
energy in combustion engine. For water treatment similar device
shown in U.S. Pat. No. US6171504 B1- Steven Patterson
provides a fluid treatment device
and method for an
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improved and highly effective magnetic water treatment device.
In addition to the aforementioned treatment, the MOP
apparatus also be used to treat other types of fluids including
crude oil and high viscous fluids, and can be placed on
upstream crude oil transmission pipes from oil fields to decrease
the build up of paraffin, waxes and greases inside the pipelines.
FIG.-01 and FIG.-02 shows pictures of actual manufactured
apparatus ¨without the orifice plate- for pipeline sizes 6.0 inch
and 8.0 inch respectively, the 6.0 inch apparatus is manufactured
in accordance with fabrication drawing number FIG.-07
The apparatus comprises of following construction parts:
1.0 Magnetic assembly, further comprises of:
1.1. Magnet
1.2. Magnetic tubes
1.3. Steel strips
2.0 Steel ring
3.0 Orifice plate
1.0 Magnetic assembly:
1.1. Magnet
In a first embodiment, referring to FIG.-02B the magnet means
includes a plurality of permanent magnet discs or cylinder shaped
magnets disposed within thin steel tubes(3), separated by pole
pieces inside the magnetic tube. The said magnetic tubes
creates multiple powerful magnetic fields acts perpendicular to
the fluid stream passing through the orifice plate for more efficient
and highest magnetic density and concentration.
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The magnet herein means a rare earth
permanent
magnets discs or cylinder shaped known as NdFeB, or Neo
magnets, has high Physical
Properties, composed mainly of
Neodymium, Iron (Fe) and Boron (B). Grade N52 or N42 used
as the strongest magnet with highest "surface field" magnetic
density. The function of each individual magnet is to have
a minimum flux surface density of 6800 gauss. Selection of the
magnet type depend on process fluid temperature and type
of fluid to be treated. Different grades of neodymium
with
maximum operating temperatures of 200 deg.0 are used.
1.2. Magnetic tubes
In a second embodiment of the invention, referring to FIG.-02B,
the magnetic tubes means a stainless steel thin shield (3)
including plurality of permanent magnets disposed inside the tube
to form multiple magnetic fields, positioned transverse to the fluid
flow at any flow direction. The magnetic tubes are hold by two
row steel supporting strips (4). The number of magnetic fields
depend on number of magnets in each tube, the flux density of
the magnetic field generated is the number of gauss of each
permanent magnet. The magnetic tubes (3) are made of thin
304 stainless steel sheet thickness of (0.3- 0.6mm), (0.01 -
0.023 inch) used as shield to the magnet, and for welding the
magnetic bar outside surface with the steel strips
1.3. Steel strips
In a third embodiment of the invention, referring to FIG-02B, the
steel supporting strips means including two rows of 316
stainless steel used to hold the magnetic bars, the
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number of said supporting strips are more than two rows for
bigger pipe sizes, spaced-apart and parallel to each other to keep
the combination in rigid construction, the said strip's holes(7)
diameter made slightly bigger than magnetic tubes
diameter(3) for insertion of the tubes into the holes and welding
the outer tube shield surface with the strips, the width of each
strip is slightly shorter than the steel ring(1) width to keep a
distance for tag welding (6) of the strip ends and keep
the magnetic assembly in same surface level with the ring
surface, for example the widths of steel strip in 4.0 inch
apparatus, 6.0 inch, and 16.0 inch size, are 12mm, 19mm, and
20mm, respectively, made shorter than ring length shown. FIG.-
02B shows the welding of tube shield surface with the upper and
lower strips. Number of the holes(7) in each strip herein means
the number of the magnetic tubes of the assembly.
2.0 Steel ring
The steel ring(1) made of 316 stainless steel. FIG.-04 and FIG.-
05 shows dimensions of ring length and thickness of the steel
rings for different sizes pipelines. The outer periphery surface of
the ring(1) is attached with the paddle orifice plate's bore
circumference at ring middle distance by four tag welding. FIG.-
06, FIG.-07 and FIG.-08 shows the structural configuration of
the ring with the paddle orifice plate. The steel ring length
means apparatus length or the orifice plate length (thickness),
referring to the same drawings, the steel ring length of 4.0 inch,
6.0 inch, and 16.0 inch apparatus are 14.35mm, 20.57mm, and
22mm respectively represent the apparatus lengths.
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In order to provide proper apparatus design , the user shall
fill in the fluid service condition data sheet shown in FIG.-09.
The Maximum flange faces separation distance required
to insert the device into the flange is 1.0 inch, this
can be
achieved by simple pipe fitter's tools,
however attention
must be paid to ensuring that the flange faces are parallel to the
orifice plate on both sides, and not angled. The new flange
spreading tools shown in below reference use unique
technology at present for safe spreading flange faces a
distance of 5.5 - 8.5 inch.
Reference: (equalizerusa.com/)
3.0 Orifice plate
The orifice plate is used for measuring volumetric or mass fluid
flow rates. When it obstructs the flow of a fluid, a differential
pressure is produced across the plate. Flow rate is determined
based on the difference between pressure readings in the
upstream side and the downstream side of the pipe. The orifice
plates are widely used in Oil Refineries,
Petrochemicals,
and Power Plants for flow measurement. The apparatus orifice
plate use the same flow orifice plate with bore diameter calculated
for each application to pass maximum fluid flow capacity
with minimum pressure drop across the plate. The flow orifice
bore diameter (d) is determined by
the Beta ratio (0.5-
0.75) properly selected to calculate the orifice bore diameter,
differential pressure across the plate and the maximum flow
rate capacity passing through the restriction bore orifice. The bore
diameter is simply calculated as follows:
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Where:
B = Beta ratio, d= orifice bore diameter, and D= Pipeline
diameter. As the fluid approaches the orifice, the fluid pressure
increases and then drops suddenly then gradually increases until
at approximately 5 - 8 pipe diameters. Higher Beta ratio, means
bigger size bore diameter and higher flow rate passing
through the orifice plate, lower Beta ratio means smaller size bore
restriction, and lower flow rate at orifice bore.
In general orifice plates feature restriction in the cross sectional
area of the process flow path that causes increase of fluid
velocity. The velocity is directly proportional with the volumetric
flow rate and inversely proportional with the pipe cross section
Area. To avoid high velocity and choke process flow at orifice
restriction and secure maximum fluid flow quantity
passing
through the device, the orifice plate bore diameter of the
apparatus is designed higher than flow orifice bore diameter,
accordingly a set of design calculations in inches and
millimetres are presented in FIG.-4 and FIG.-05 based on
above assumption, the
above figures shows a clearance
dimensions of 10 mm each side of
the ring, the said
clearance is used for ring insertion within pipe inside diameter,
the said clearance distance has no significate value of
pressure drop to develop high velocity through the orifice plate.
The magnetic assembly is rigidly attached within the steel ring by
welding the two steel supporting ends of the assembly with inside
surface of ring bore circumference(2). The magnetic assembly is
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flush mounted with the ring face surface(5) after welding, the said
welding's points are wiped, therefore the orifice plate including the
steel ring and the magnetic assembly is easily sandwiched
between flange faces and fixed in the pipe using flange gaskets,
bolts and nuts.
In a fourth embodiment of present invention, the orifice
plate of the apparatus means the concentric peddle orifice plate,
material 304 or 316 stainless steel accordance with the
specifications of AGA., ISA., ASME., API., and ISO.
The apparatus orifice plates are used with different sizes steel
pipe, and flange types such as RE flange (raised face) flange, the
same are not used with RTJ (ring type joint) flanges due to its
metal ring gasket which prevent installation. The apparatus is
normally used with raised face flanges due to normal water
pressure streams. The standard thickness of orifice plate varies in
accordance with pipeline size, class and flange type, means the
thickness of orifice plate in raised face flanges 4 inch pipe is
10mm, whereas plate thickness of 20 inch pipe is 25mm (1.0 inch)
per raised face flange International Standard ASME B16.5:
(Reference: wermac.org/specials/dim_orificerestriction.html)
Therefore the thickness of the orifice plates of 25mm
(1.0 inch) can be benefit in housing the magnetic assembly
within the orifice plate bore circumference for pipe sizes 20 inch
and above - instead of using the steel ring as a housing- by
welding the magnetic
assembly steel strips ends with the said
orifice plate bore inner surface circumference. The assembly after
welding is flush mounted in same orifice plate level face.
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The orifice plate with the magnetic assembly then sandwiched
between flange faces. The orifice plate thickness herein means the
apparatus total length.
FIG.-04 and FIG.-05 shows the dimensions of different pipe sizes
for flange class rating 150#RF (pound raised face) only. Different
dimensions are required for line class 300, 600, and 900#RF
(pound raised face) flanges. The paddle(8) of orifice plates used
as holder for the apparatus during installation, carved for
apparatus number and line size.
Patent Citation
Citation No. Title Names Date
line No.
US6171504 B1 Magnetic water or fluid system Steven Patterson 9 Jan
2001 6-8
(fluid treatment device and method for an improved
and highly effective magnetic water treatment device
that can be mounted on existing pipes)
US4490252 Magnetic treatment Brigante Miguel F 25 Dec 1984 1-2
(Using electromagnetic coil surrounding
a feed water inlet tube, having an electrical D.C.
winding about the tube)
US5589065 A Magnetohydrodynamic device Jacob G. Bogatin 31 Dec1996 1-4
(An apparatus for magnetically treating fluid comprised
of non-polar molecular clusters, such as water, includes
a housing to permit fluid flow therethrough).
US3059910 A Means for ionizing fluids Saburo Miyata 23 Oct1962 4-5
(invention relates to a means for ionizing flowing
fluids, and more particularly to means for ionizing the
fuel fed to an internal combustion motor)
US3349354 A Means for imposing electric Saburo Miyata 24 Oct1967 5-6
(Magnetic device for treating hydrocarbon subjecting
the fuel to the combined effect of a magnetic field
and an electric field)
US 4659479A Reducing scale formation Raymond E. Stickler 21AprI1987
10-11
(Device employs permanent magnets
within the fluid Stream)
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US4662314 Magnetic water conditioning Henry J.
Moore, Jr. 05. May1987 21-22
(devices operate by passing water to be treated
through magnetic fields)
US5037546 Permanent magnetic power Enecon Corporation
06Aug.1991 5-6
(Preventing scale has long been known, as evidenced
by U.S. Pat. No. 438,579)
US4605498A Apparatus for magnetic treatment Peter A. Kulish
12Aug.1986 1-3
(magnetic treatment of liquids by concentrating primarily
south pole magnetic fields on the liquids to provide
descaling and deliming properties thereto.)
US5161512 Magnetic fluid conditioner AZ
Industries Inc. 10Nov.1992 11-12
(Treatments have proven useful for inhibiting mineral
deposition to enhance combustion)
US6183700B1 Fuel activation apparatus Tae Y.Jeong
Apri114,1999 1-2
(Apparatus using hollow cylindrical magnetic body
which maximize ionization of particles of fuel under
influence force in magnetic field)
--------------------------------------------- completed
Nadeem Mahmoud Shaker
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