Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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A UNIQUE DISPENSING CARTON
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present disclosure relates to dispensing packages and cartons for stacked
and/or
interfolded sheet materials such as facial tissues. More particularly, this
disclosure pertains to
packages and cartons having an eco-friendly environmental footprint and an
improved tactile feel
that are configured to dispense stacked and interfolded sheets.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Packages for containing and dispensing stacked and/or interleaved sheet
materials are
generally formed from carton board cartons and other rigid materials. These
cartons are common in
everyday use and are found in a plurality of bathrooms and other rooms with in
the household.
These paperboard or carton board constructions are usually rigid parallelpiped
constructions with
graphics printed upon the outer surfaces thereof. Most consumers will state
that these cartons are
hard, smooth-surfaced, have fixed graphics, and are frankly, boring.
Typically, such cartons are provided and formed from a blank shown made from
foldable
paperboard or similar sheet-like material. The containers typically have a top
surface, a bottom
surface, and opposed lateral side panels. All panels are hingedly connected
along parallel horizontal
fold lines. The blank is typically adapted to be folded into a rectangular
tubular configuration and as
such comprises a typical end-load carton.
The top surface of the traditional carton has formed therein a panel which is
defined by an
endless line of separation and which is adapted to be removed by breaking that
frangible line of
separation in a conventional manner. The end closures of the carton are formed
by inwardly
foldable closure flaps. This can include minor flaps connected to the side
panels of the carton at the
opposite ends of the side panel. These end flaps, or minor flaps, each can be
provided with a cut-
away portion to allow exposure of a portion of the major flaps that are
hingedly attached to the
opposite ends of the top surface along the hinge lines. These major flaps are
foldable downwardly
over the ends of the carton and completely cover the ends of the carton. The
carton blank may be
assembled in any conventional manner. A glue flap can be provided along one
lateral edge and
connected along a hinge line to the bottom surface to serve as a
manufacturer's glue flap.
Such cartons can generally be divided into two principal types. The first type
enables
stacked and interfolded sheets to "pop-up" to dispense through an opening in
the top wall of the
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carton. Such pop-up dispensers provide partial withdrawal of the next
successive tissue upon pulling
sheets out one at a time from the carton. The second type of carton
facilitates dispensing of a stack
of sheets that are generally not interfolded by providing an opening in one at
least one of the carton
walls to enable a user to reach into the carton and remove one or more of the
sheets at a time. This
latter type of carton is commonly known as a "reach-in" carton. Typically, a
reach-in carton does
not facilitate "pop-up" dispensing of successive sheets. Such containers are
provided in U.S. Pat.
Nos. 3,144,961 and 3,272,385.
Frankly, innovation in the carton art has been rather stagnant until now.
Thus, it would be understood by one of skill in the art that it would be
clearly beneficial to
provide a carton for dispensing stacked and/or interleaved sheet materials,
such as facial tissues that
provides no drawback from the current manner in which consumers dispense the
material disposed
therein, but is produced from a limited amount of resources thus decreasing
the environmental
footprint of the carton. Eliminating such non-decomposable packaging materials
would indeed
require fewer manufacturing steps and be eco-friendly by not requiring
additional natural resource
materials.
Further it would be understood by one of skill in the art that it would be
clearly beneficial to
provide a carton for dispensing stacked and/or interleaved sheet materials,
such as facial tissues that
provides the consumer with a more ergonomic container having a better tactile
feel than currently
marketed paperboard containers. It would also be understood by one of skill in
the art that it would
be clearly beneficial to provide a carton for dispensing stacked and/or
interleaved sheet materials,
such as facial tissues that reduces the environmental footprint by reducing
the environmental
footprint at the time of disposal
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present disclosure provides for a parallelepiped dispensing carton for
stacked and/or
interfolded sheet materials. The carton has a top wall, a bottom wall, and at
least one side wall. The
container is formed from a fibrous structure having an opacity ranging from
about 5.0 to about 45Ø
The present disclosure also provides for a container having a top wall, a
bottom wall, and at
least one side wall. The container is formed from a fibrous structure. The two
side walls have a
flexural rigidity ranging from about 1.4 N*mm to about 200 N*/min and at least
one of the walls has
an opacity ranging from about 5.0 to about 45Ø
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The present disclosure further provides for a container having a top wall, a
bottom wall, and
at least one side wall. The container is formed from a material comprising a
fibrous structure
bonded to a film material. The material has an opacity/caliper value ranging
from about 3.8 to about
16 .0 .
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a carton of the
present
disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the packaging material suitable for
forming the carton of
FIG. 1 taken along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the carton of FIG.1 taken along the line 3-
3;
FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of mathematically expressed equations for
exemplary
laminated and non-laminated structures where x = Compression Pressure and y =
Normalized
Compression Caliper; and,
FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of mathematically expressed equations for
exemplary
laminated and non-laminated structures where x = Relaxation Pressure and y =
Normalized
Relaxation Caliper.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present disclosure provides for a material suitable for the formation of
cartoning useful
for containing sanitary tissue products. The material generally comprises a
fibrous structure
laminated to a film having high bulk and loft on to the fibrous structure
layer to form a composite
fabric.
"Basis Weight" as used herein is the weight per unit area of a sample reported
in lbs/3000 ft2
or g/m2 (gsm) and is measured according to the Basis Weight Test Method
described herein
described herein.
"Caliper" as used herein means the macroscopic thickness of a fibrous
structure. Caliper is
measured according to the Caliper Test Method described herein described
herein.
"Co-formed fibrous structure(s)" provide for a fibrous structure to comprise a
mixture of at
least two different materials. At least one of the materials comprises a
filament, such as a
polypropylene filament, and at least one other material, different from the
first material, comprises a
solid additive, such as a fiber and/or a particulate. In one example, a co-
formed fibrous structure
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comprises solid additives, such as fibers, such as wood pulp fibers, and
filaments, such as
polypropylene filaments.
"Cross Machine Direction" or "CD" as used herein means the direction parallel
to the width
of the fibrous structure making machine and/or sanitary tissue product
manufacturing equipment and
perpendicular to the machine direction.
"Density" as used herein is calculated as the quotient of the Basis Weight of
a fibrous
structure expressed in gsm divided by the Caliper of the fibrous structure
expressed in microns. The
resulting Density of a fibrous structure is expressed as g/cm3.
As used herein, a "fibrous structure" is a structure that comprises one or
more filaments
and/or fibers suitable for producing cartoning useful for containing sanitary
tissue products. In one
non-limiting example, a fibrous structure can be an orderly arrangement of
filaments and/or fibers
within a structure that perform a function. Non-limiting examples of fibrous
structures may include
paper and/or fabrics (e.g., including woven, knitted, and non-woven
structures).
Non-limiting examples of processes for making fibrous structures include wet-
laid processes,
air-laid processes, spun-bond processes, weaving processes, melt-blown
processes, and extrusion
processes. Some processes may include steps of preparing a fiber composition
in the form of a
suspension in a medium, either wet, more specifically aqueous medium, or dry,
more specifically
gaseous, i.e. with air as medium. The aqueous medium used for wet-laid
processes is oftentimes
referred to as a fiber slurry. The fibrous slurry is then used to deposit a
plurality of fibers onto a
forming wire or belt such that an embryonic fibrous structure is formed, after
which drying and/or
bonding the fibers together results in a fibrous structure. Further processing
the fibrous structure
may be carried out such that a finished fibrous structure is formed. For
example, in typical
papermaking processes, the finished fibrous structure is the fibrous structure
that is wound on the
reel at the end of papermaking, and may subsequently be converted into a
finished product, e.g. a
sanitary tissue product.
Fibrous structures may be homogeneous or may be layered. If layered, the
fibrous structures
may comprise at least two and/or at least three and/or at least four and/or at
least five layers. Fibrous
structures may also be co-formed fibrous structures.
A "fiber and/or "filament" is an elongate particulate having an apparent
length greatly
exceeding its apparent width (e.g., an aspect ratio of greater than 1). For
purposes of the present
disclosure, a "fiber" can be an elongate particulate that exhibits a length of
less than 5.08 cm (2 in.)
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and a "filament" can be an elongate particulate that exhibits a length of
greater than or equal to 5.08
cm (2 in.).
Fibers are typically considered discontinuous in nature. Non-limiting examples
of fibers
include wood pulp fibers and synthetic staple fibers such as polyester fibers.
5
Filaments are typically considered continuous or substantially continuous in
nature.
Filaments are relatively longer than fibers. Non-limiting examples of
filaments include melt-blown
and/or spun-bond filaments. Non-limiting examples of materials that can be
spun into filaments
include natural polymers, such as starch, starch derivatives, cellulose and
cellulose derivatives,
hemicellulose, hemicellulose derivatives, and synthetic polymers including,
but not limited to
polyvinyl alcohol filaments and/or polyvinyl alcohol derivative filaments, and
thermoplastic
polymer filaments, such as polyesters, nylons, polyolefins such as
polypropylene filaments,
polyethylene filaments, and biodegradable or compostable thermoplastic fibers
such as polylactic
acid filaments, polyhydroxyalkanoate filaments and polycaprolactone filaments.
The filaments may
be monocomponent or multicomponent, such as bicomponent filaments.
In one non-limiting example, a "fiber" refers to papermaking fibers.
Papermaking fibers
useful in the present invention include cellulosic fibers commonly known as
wood pulp fibers.
Applicable wood pulps include chemical pulps, such as Kraft, sulfite, and
sulfate pulps, as well as
mechanical pulps including, for example, groundwood, thermomechanical pulp and
chemically
modified thermomechanical pulp. Chemical pulps, however, may be preferred
since they impart a
superior tactile sense of softness to tissue sheets made therefrom. Pulps
derived from both deciduous
trees (hereinafter, also referred to as "hardwood") and coniferous trees
(hereinafter, also referred to
as "softwood") may be utilized. The hardwood and softwood fibers can be
blended, or alternatively,
can be deposited in layers to provide a stratified web as described in U.S.
Pat. Nos. 4,300,981 and
3,994,771. Also applicable to the present invention are fibers derived from
recycled paper, which
may contain any or all of the above categories as well as other non-fibrous
materials such as fillers
and adhesives used to facilitate the original papermaking.
In addition to the various wood pulp fibers, other cellulosic fibers such as
cotton linters,
rayon, lyocell and bagasse can be used in this invention. Other sources of
cellulose in the form of
fibers or capable of being spun into fibers include grasses and grain sources.
"Film materials" is intended to include foils, polymer sheets, co-extrusions,
laminates, and
combinations thereof. Film materials are preferably fabricated from a polymer
that does not have
adhesive characteristics, which may be made from homogeneous resins or blends
thereof. The
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properties of a selected film materials can include, though are not restricted
to, combinations or
degrees of being: porous, non-porous, microporous, gas or liquid permeable,
non-permeable,
hydrophilic, hydrophobic, hydroscopic, oleophilic, oleophobic, high critical
surface tension, low
critical surface tension, surface pre-textured, elastically yieldable,
plastically yieldable, electrically
conductive, and electrically non-conductive. Such materials can be homogeneous
or composition
combinations.
Film materials may be made from homogeneous resins or blends thereof. Single
or multiple
layers within the film structure are contemplated, whether co-extruded,
extrusion-coated, laminated
or combined by other known means. The key attribute of the film material is
that it be formable to
produce protrusions and valleys. Useful resins include, but are not limited
to, polyethylene (PE),
polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride
(PVC), polyvinylidene
chloride (PVDC), latex structures, nylon, etc. Polyolefins are generally
preferred due to their lower
cost and ease of forming but are not necessary to practice the invention. High
density polyethylene
(HDPE) is most preferred to fabricate the film sheet. Other suitable materials
to fabricate the film
from include, but are not limited to, aluminum foil, coated (waxed, etc.) and
uncoated paper, coated
and uncoated wovens, scrims, meshes, nonwovens, and perforated or porous
films, and combinations
thereof. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the flexible film sheet
material is a formed film
from about 0.0001 inch to about 0.005 inches, more preferably about 0.001 inch
thick film.
"Machine Direction- or "MD" as used herein means the direction parallel to the
flow of the
fibrous structure through the fibrous structure making machine and/or sanitary
tissue product
manufacturing equipment.
"Plies- as used herein means two or more individual, integral fibrous
structures disposed in a
substantially contiguous, face-to-face relationship with one another, forming
a multi-ply fibrous
structure and/or multi-ply sanitary tissue product. It is also contemplated
that an individual, integral
fibrous structure can effectively form a multi-ply fibrous structure, for
example, by being folded on
itself.
"Ply" as used herein means an individual, integral fibrous structure.
"Sanitary tissue product" means a soft, low density (e.g., less than about
0.15 g/cm3) web
useful as a wiping implement for post-urinary and post-bowel movement cleaning
(toilet tissue), for
otorhinolaryngological discharges (facial tissue), and multi-functional
absorbent and cleaning uses
(absorbent towels).
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The sanitary tissue product may be segmented into individual segments of
sanitary tissue
products having discrete lengths. These individual segments of sanitary tissue
products can then be
folded upon itself and subsequently stacked and/or interleaved. Such stacked
and/or interleaved
sanitary tissue products can then be inserted into appropriate packaging
consistent with the present
disclosure. Packages for containing and dispensing stacked and/or interleaved
sheet materials
disposed inside carton board cartons can generally be divided into two
principal types. The first type
enables stacked and interfolded sheets to "pop-up" to dispense through an
opening in the top wall of
the carton. Such pop-up dispensers provide partial withdrawal of the next
successive tissue upon
pulling sheets out one at a time from the carton. The second type of carton
facilitates dispensing of a
stack of sheets that are generally not interfolded by providing an opening in
one at least one of the
carton walls to enable a user to reach into the carton and remove one or more
of the sheets at a time.
This latter type of carton is commonly known as a "reach-in" carton.
Alternatively, sanitary tissue products may be convolutely wound upon itself
about a core or
without a core to form a sanitary tissue product roll. Lines of perforation
can be provided within the
length of the wound product to facilitate separation of adjacent portions of
the convolutely wound
sanitary tissue product.
In one non-limiting example, a sanitary tissue product may exhibit a basis
weight of greater
than 15 g/m2 (9.2 lbs/3000 ft2) to about 120 g/m2 (73.8 lbs/3000 ft2) and/or
from about 15 g/m2 (9.2
lbs/3000 ft2) to about 110 g/m2 (67.7 lbs/3000 ft2) and/or from about 20 g/m2
(12.3 lbs/3000 ft2) to
about 100 g/m2 (61.5 lbs/3000 ft2) and/or from about 30 g/m2 (18.5 lbs/3000
ft2) to 90 g/m2 (55.4
lbs/3000 ft2). In addition, the sanitary tissue products and/or fibrous
structures of the present
invention may exhibit a basis weight between about 40 g/m2 (24.6 lbs/3000 ft2)
to about 120 g/m2
(73.8 lbs/3000 ft2) and/or from about 50 g/m2 (30.8 lbs/3000 ft2) to about 110
g/m2 (67.7 lbs/3000
ft2) and/or from about 55 g/m2 (33.8 lbs/3000 ft2) to about 105 g/m2 (64.6
lbs/3000 ft2) and/or from
about 60 g/m2 (36.9 lbs/3000 ft2) to 100 g/m2 (61.5 lbs/3000 ft2).
In another non-limiting example, a sanitary tissue product may exhibit a total
dry tensile
strength of greater than about 59 g/cm (150 g/in) and/or from about 78 g/cm
(200 ghn) to about 394
g/cm (1000 ghn) and/or from about 98 g/cm (250 g/in) to about 335 g/cm (850
ghn). In addition, the
sanitary tissue product of the present invention may exhibit a total dry
tensile strength of greater than
about 196 g/cm (500 g/in) and/or from about 196 g/cm (500 g/in) to about 394
g/cm (1000 ghn)
and/or from about 216 g/cm (550 g/M) to about 335 g/cm (850 g/in) and/or from
about 236 g/cm
(600 ghn) to about 315 g/cm (800 Win). In one example, the sanitary tissue
product exhibits a total
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dry tensile strength of less than about 394 g/cm (1000 Win) and/or less than
about 335 g/cm (850
g/in).
In still another non-limiting example, a sanitary tissue product may exhibit a
total dry tensile
strength of greater than about 196 g/cm (500 g/in) and/or greater than about
236 g/cm (600 Win)
and/or greater than about 276 g/cm (700 ghn) and/or greater than about 315
g/cm (800 Win) and/or
greater than about 354 g/cm (900 g/in) and/or greater than about 394 g/cm
(1000 ghn) and/or from
about 315 g/cm (800 ghn) to about 1968 g/cm (5000 g/in) and/or from about 354
g/cm (900 g/in) to
about 1181 g/cm (3000 g/in) and/or from about 354 g/cm (900 g/in) to about 984
g/cm (2500 g/in)
and/or from about 394 g/cm (1000 g/in) to about 787 g/cm (2000 g/in).
In yet another non-limiting example, a sanitary tissue product may exhibit an
initial total wet
tensile strength of less than about 78 g/cm (200 g/in) and/or less than about
59 g/cm (150 g/in)
and/or less than about 39 g/cm (100 ghn) and/or less than about 29 g/cm (75
g/in).
In another non-limiting example, a sanitary tissue product may exhibit an
initial total wet
tensile strength of greater than about 118 g/cm (300 g/in) and/or greater than
about 157 g/cm (400
ghn) and/or greater than about 196 g/cm (500 g/in) and/or greater than about
236 g/cm (600 g/in)
and/or greater than about 276 g/cm (700 g/in) and/or greater than about 315
g/cm (800 g/in) and/or
greater than about 354 g/cm (900 g/in) and/or greater than about 394 g/cm
(1000 g/in) and/or from
about 118 g/cm (300 g/in) to about 1968 g/cm (5000 g/in) and/or from about 157
g/cm (400 ghn) to
about 1181 g/cm (3000 g/in) and/or from about 196 g/cm (500 g/in) to about 984
g/cm (2500 g/in)
and/or from about 196 g/cm (500 g/in) to about 787 g/cm (2000 g/in) and/or
from about 196 g/cm
(500 g/in) to about 591 g/cm (1500 g/in).
In a further non-limiting example, a sanitary tissue product may exhibit a
density (measured
at 95 g/in2) of less than about 0.60 g/cm3 and/or less than about 0.30 g/cm3
and/or less than about
0.20 g/cm3 and/or less than about 0.10 g/cm3 and/or less than about 0.07 g/cm3
and/or less than about
0.05 g/cm3 and/or from about 0.01 g/cm3 to about 0.20 g/cm3 and/or from about
0.02 g/cm3 to about
0.10 g/cm3.
The fibrous structures and/or sanitary tissue products of the present
invention may comprises
additives such as softening agents, temporary wet strength agents, permanent
wet strength agents,
bulk softening agents, lotions, silicones, wetting agents, latexes, especially
surface-pattern-applied
latexes, dry strength agents such as carboxymethylcellulose and starch, and
other types of additives
suitable for inclusion in and/or on sanitary tissue products.
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"Weight average molecular weight" as used herein means the weight average
molecular
weight as determined using gel permeation chromatography according to the
protocol found in
Colloids and Surfaces A. Physico Chemical & Engineering Aspects, Vol.
162,2000, pg. 107-121.
"Wet Burst" as used herein is a measure of the ability of a fibrous structure
and/or a sanitary
tissue product incorporating a fibrous structure to absorb energy, when wet
and subjected to
deformation normal to the plane of the fibrous structure and/or fibrous
structure product and is
measured according to the Wet Burst Test Method described herein.
Packaging Material
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a packaging material 10 suitable for the container
of the present
invention provides a fibrous structure 12 laminated and/or otherwise bonded
(e.g., chemically,
physically, electrostatically, adhesively, melt-bonded, and the like) to a
film material 14. In a
preferred embodiment, the fibrous structure 12 generally provides the surface
of the resulting
packaging material 10 with high bulk and loft. In a preferred embodiment, the
film material 14
provides the resulting packaging material 10 with a generally liquid
impervious characteristic.
It is also believed that providing the film material 14 in contacting
engagement with the
fibrous structure 12 provides the resulting packaging material 10 with
enhanced stiffness.
The Container
As shown in FIGS. 1-3, an exemplary, but non-limiting, package 20 of the
present disclosure
is provided as a container having a parallelpiped geometry and a generally
rectangular footprint.
One of skill in the art will easily understand the current container can form
virtually any shape
and/or geometry desired to provide the required dispensing of products
provided within the confines
of package 20. This may include, for example, ovular containers, cylindrical
containers, triangular
containers, as well as containers having any polygonal shape or structure.
Exemplary package 20 generally provides a carton 21 containing a bundle 16 of
sheets 22 of
stacked and/or interleaved facial tissue paper. However, one of skill in the
art will easily recognize
that virtually any product can be contained in the exemplary carton discussed
herein. This may
include by way of non-limiting example, bath tissue, paper toweling, feminine
care products, baby
care products, household care products, and the like. In an exemplary, but non-
limiting
embodiment, the carton 21 is provided with a dispensing opening 24 disposed
upon one or more
sides of container 21 which is provided as a composite having any geometry
that facilitates the
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dispensing of the sheets 16 from the carton 21. In one preferred embodiment,
the dispensing
opening 24 can be provided as a generally elongate oval-shaped slot. A
lineament 28 can enable the
tear-out removal of a panel disposed in carton 21 that has been outlined by a
line of weakening
having the configuration of lineament 28. For purposes of convention only, the
dispensing opening
5
will be considered to be disposed in the uppermost side or sides of the
container 21 as this is how
most consumers would position such a carton 21 for the dispensing of any
article contained within
carton 21. However, one of skill in the art could position the dispensing
opening upon any side or
sides of the container 21 and still provide the dispensing necessary from
carton 21 for the articles
contained therein.
10
As shown, the exemplary paralellpiped carton 21 preferably comprises top wall
35, end wall
36, front (side) wall 37, corresponding back (side) wall (not shown),
corresponding second end wall
(not shown), and corresponding bottom wall (not shown). The top-front edge of
the carton is
designated 38.
One of skill in the art will recognize that if carton 21 is provided with an
alternative
geometry, naturally, the number of sides, walls, tops, and bottom designations
will reflect the actual
geometry of the carton 21. For example, if carton 21 is provided as an
elliptic cylinder (i.e., having
an elliptical cross-section) there would naturally be a top wall, bottom wall,
and at least one side
wall circumscribing the top and bottom walls. Similarly., if carton 21 is
provided as a vertically
oriented wedge, there would naturally be a bottom wall and at least four side
walls, all of which
culminate in a line segment joining all four sides.
An exemplary embodiment of package 20 comprises a carton 21 that is sized and
configured
to accommodate a bundle of stacked and/or interleaved sheets 22. Such a carton
21 is preferably
constructed from the unique packaging material 10 described herein. However,
one of skill in the art
could provide for the construction of carton 21 from a material comprising
only fibrous structure 12.
Additionally, as shown in FIG. 3, it may be advantageous to provide an insert
18 within
carton 21 to provide for further folded article containment or for additional
structural support of the
top wall 35. Such an insert 18 may comprise a three-sided structure with one
ends and a top portion.
An exemplary insert 18 can be formed from a paperboard structure having two
parallel fold lines and
form a U' shape. Thus, the exemplary insert 18 would provide a bottom and two
side walls relative
to the carton 21 when disposed therein. The insert 18 can provide a consumer
cognizable benefit by
assisting in the upright support of the side walls of the resulting carton 21.
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When utilized, insert 18 effectively reduces the paperboard footprint of a
traditional
paperboard carton by eliminating the need for the additional material
necessary to form the end walls
and top portion of the traditional tissue container. This results in a
synergistic effect by facilitating
the sustainable benefit of using less paperboard to produce a traditional
tissue container yet provides
the additional support that may be necessary if the packaging material 10 is
selected to have physical
characteristics that may result in the apparent degradation of the appearance
of carton 21 upon the
consumer removal of the bundle of stacked and/or interleaved sheets 22
disposed within carton 21.
Test Methods
Unless otherwise specified, all tests described herein including those
described under the
Definitions section and the following Test Methods are conducted on samples
that have been
conditioned in a conditioned room at a temperature of 73 F 4 F (about 23 C
2.2 C) and a
relative humidity of 50% 2% for 2 hours prior to the test. All plastic and
paper board packaging
materials must be carefully separated from any sanitary tissue products
contained therein prior to
testing. Discard any damaged samples. All tests are conducted in such a
conditioned room.
Caliper Test Method
Caliper of a fibrous structure and/or sanitary tissue product is measured
using a Progage
Thickness Tester Model II (Thwing-Albert Instrument Company, West Berlin, NJ)
with a pressure
foot diameter of 2.00 inches (area of 3.14 in2) at a pressure of 95 g/in2. One
(1) sample was prepared
by cutting of a usable unit so that the cut sample is at least 2.5 inches per
side, avoiding creases,
folds, and obvious defects. The sample was placed on the anvil with the
specimen centered
underneath the pressure foot. The foot is lowered at 0.03 in/sec to an applied
pressure of 95 g/in2.
The reading is taken after 3 sec., and the foot is raised. The measure is
repeated in like fashion for
each specimen.
Opacity Test Method
Sample Preparation
For this method, a usable unit is described as one finished product unit
regardless of the
number of plies. Any effect of normal laboratory temperature and humidity
ranges upon sample
color or opacity is negligible, thus samples do not need to be conditioned.
The samples and
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instrument should be kept in an area free of high humidity and corrosive
vapors however, and the
samples should be protected from contamination by dirt, lint, or other
extraneous material.
Select samples free of creases, wrinkles, tears, and other obvious defects for
testing. Always
stack and fold the sample in such a way that the outer or upper surface of the
product, as it is
converted, will be the top surface of the sample directly under the instrument
sample port, unless
instructions for a particular product indicate to the contrary. In addition,
make the sample so that
orientation (MD, CD) is identical for each usable unit.
A. Color
Cut a sample several plies thick, approximately 15" x 15" (381x381mm), with
the machine
direction perpendicular and/or parallel to the cut edges. Make a stack of
eight sheets and fold them
over once, giving a stack of sixteen thicknesses. For roll nonwoven products,
measure color for the
OUTSIDE, MIDDLE and INSIDE of the roll.
B. Opacity
Select one usable unit and proceed as described in section B. of Operation.
Operation
A. Color and Whiteness Index
LabScan XE w/DP9000 Processor or LabScan XE w/Universal Software: Follow the
procedures described in Method GCAS 58007233 and manufacturer's instrument
manual for
standardization. It is recommended that the instrument be standardized at
least once every 8 hours.
1. Press 2 / 10 DEG. ALT MODE, C, LAB.
2. Be sure screen heading reads "TWO DEGREE ILLUM. =C" LAB.
3. Place appropriate clean plate at port.
4. Press PROGRAM 1 (see Method GCAS 58007233 for instructions on writing a
program).
5. When screen reads "RECALL PROD STD", key in the digits of the desired color
prod. std.
register number.
6. Press PROGRAM (screen will read "WORKING").
7. The values for the chosen prod. std. will be shown under the standard and
sample
headings.
Labscan Spectro is now ready to read samples. Lower the standard plate from
under the
instrument port. Place the sample portion prepared for analysis on top of the
standard plate, and
slowly release the sample stage, allowing the sample to be raised under the
sample port. Do not
push the sample stage up, as this will cause the sample to bulge into the
instrument port; allow the
CA 02818288 2013-06-07
13
sample to be raised gently into place by the sample stage itself. In cases
where decorated product is
being tested, be careful to place the sample on the sample stage so that the
color of the desired
portion of sample will be measured. Read and record the L, a, and b readings.
B. Opacity
Set the color scale to XYZ, the Observer to 100, and the Illuminant to D65.
For instrument
standardization, follow the procedures described in Method GCAS 58007233 and
in the
manufacturer's instrument manual. Place one usable unit of the sample on the
white un-calibrated
plate (this is adequate and helps to prevent wear of the white calibration
plate). Raise the sample
and plate into place under the sample port and determine the Y value (only).
Lower the sample and plate. Without rotating the sample itself, remove the
white plate and
replace it with the black plate. Again, raise the sample and plate and
determine the Y value (only)
When a series of samples are to be run, Y values over the white plate may be
determined for all
samples before changing to the black plate (when using the opacity calculation
function on the
machines that have this capability, each sample must be read on both the white
plate and black plate
before going to the next sample). It is important, however, that the sample
not be rotated between the
white plate and black plate readings.
Note: For stacked wet nonwoven products, measure opacity for the TOP, MIDDLE
and
BOTTOM of the stack. For roll nonwoven products, measure opacity for the
OUTSIDE, MIDDLE
and INSIDE of the roll.
Calculations
A. Color
Report the values determined, reading data to the tenth (0.1) of a unit for L,
a, and b.
B. Whiteness Index ¨ WI E313
Report the values determined, reading data to the tenth (0.1) of a unit for WI
E313. Calculations are
performed by the instrument as per ASTM E313.
C. Opacity
Some colorimeter models have the capability to perform this operation
automatically, check
the manufacturer's operator's manual. To calculate the % Opacity value: Y
reading of black plate/ Y
reading of white plate x 100 =% Opacity.
Reporting Results
Report results for Color and whiteness index to 0.1units and Opacity to 0.1 %.
CA 02818288 2013-06-07
14
Package Height Reduction Test Method
A wrapped stack of tissues is placed on a flat surface with in such a manner
that the opening
of the package is facing upward. In this way product is removed from the top
panel of the wrapped
package.
If the package has rectangular paralellpiped geometry, before the package is
opened and any
tissues are dispensed, the height from the flat surface to the top panel at
the center point of the longer
horizontal (side) panel is measured. If the package has a cubic paralellpiped
geometry, before the
package is opened and any tissues are dispensed, the height from the flat
surface to the top panel at
the center point of any of the side panels is measured. This is the
measurement point for all data
generated for this method.
Next, the dispensing feature is opened and tissues are removed. Take a height
measurement
at the same center point as any desired amount of tissues are dispensed. It is
preferred that a height
measurement be taken after the removal of 10 sheets and each 10 sheets
thereafter until 100% of
sheets disposed within the package are dispensed.
Plate Stiffness Test Method
As used herein, the "Plate Stiffness" test is a measure of stiffness of a flat
sample as it is
deformed downward into a hole beneath the sample. For the test, the sample is
modeled as an
infinite plate with thickness "t" that resides on a flat surface where it is
centered over a hole with
radius "R". A central force "F" applied to the tissue directly over the center
of the hole deflects the
tissue down into the hole by a distance "w". For a linear elastic material the
deflection can be
predicted by:
w = 3F (1-v)(34v)R2
47cEt3
where "E" is the effective linear elastic modulus, "v" is the Poisson's ratio,
"R" is the radius of the
hole, and "t" is the thickness of the tissue, taken as the caliper in
millimeters measured on a stack of
5 tissues under a load of about 0.29 psi. Taking Poisson's ratio as 0.1 (the
solution is not highly
sensitive to this parameter, so the inaccuracy due to the assumed value is
likely to be minor), the
previous equation can be rewritten for "w" to estimate the effective modulus
as a function of the
flexibility test results:
CA 02818288 2013-06-07
E 3R2 F
4t3 w
The test results are carried out using an MTS Alliance RT/1 testing machine
(MTS Systems
5 Corp., Eden Prairie, Minn.) with a 100N load cell. As a stack of five
tissue sheets at least 2.5-inches
square sits centered over a hole of radius 15.75 mm on a support plate, a
blunt probe of 3.15 mm
radius descends at a speed of 20 mm/min. When the probe tip descends to 1 mm
below the plane of
the support plate, the test is terminated. The maximum slope in grams of
force/mm over any 0.5 mm
span during the test is recorded (this maximum slope generally occurs at the
end of the stroke). The
10 load cell monitors the applied force and the position of the probe tip
relative to the plane of the
support plate is also monitored. The peak load is recorded, and "E" is
estimated using the above
equation.
The Plate Stiffness "S- per unit width can then be calculated as:
S = Et3
15 12
and is expressed in units of Newtons-millimeters. The Testworks program uses
the following
formula to calculate stiffness:
S =(F/w)[(3 -I.v)R2/167c]
wherein "F/w" is max slope (force divided by deflection), "v" is Poisson's
ratio taken as 0.1, and "R"
is the ring radius.
In a non-limiting example, a material suitable for forming a carton 21 may
preferably exhibit
a plate stiffness value ranging from about 1.4 N/mm to about 200 N/mm , or
from about 1.4 N/mm
to about 50 N/mm, or from about 1.4 N/mm to about 25 N/mm.
Elevation Test Method
An elevation of a surface pattern or portion of a surface pattern on a
structure can be
measured using a GFM Mikrocad Optical Profiler instrument commercially
available from
GFMesstechnik GmbH, Warthestrafle 21, D14513 Teltow/Berlin, Germany. The GFM
Mikrocad
Optical Profiler instrument includes a compact optical measuring sensor based
on the digital micro
mirror projection, consisting of the following main components: a) DMD
projector with 1024 x768
direct digital controlled micro mirrors, b) CCD camera with high resolution
(1300x1000 pixels), c)
CA 02818288 2013-06-07
16
projection optics adapted to a measuring area of at least 44 mm x 33 mm, and
d) matching resolution
recording optics; a table tripod based on a small hard stone plate; a cold
light source; a measuring,
control, and evaluation computer; measuring, control, and evaluation software
ODSCAD 4.0,
English version; and adjusting probes for lateral (x-y) and vertical (z)
calibration.
The GFM Mikrocad Optical Profiler system measures the surface height of a
product sample
using the digital micro-mirror pattern projection technique. The result of the
analysis is a map of
surface height (z) vs. xy displacement. The system has a field of view of 140x
105 mm with a
resolution of 29 microns. The height resolution should be set to between 0.10
and 1.00 micron. The
height range is 64,000 times the resolution.
The relative height of different portions of a surface pattern can be visually
determined via
a topography image, which is obtained for each product sample as described
below. At least three
samples are measured. Actual height values can be obtained as follows below.
To measure the height or elevation of a surface pattern or portion of a
surface pattern, the
following can be performed: (1) Turn on the cold light source. The settings on
the cold light source
should be 4 and C, which should give a reading of 3000K on the display; (2)
Turn on the computer,
monitor and printer and open the ODSCAD 4.0 or higher Mikrocad Software; (3)
Select
"Measurement" icon from the Mikrocad taskbar and then click the "Live Pic"
button; (4) Place a
product sample, of at least 5 cm by 5 cm in size, under the projection head,
without any mechanical
clamping, and adjust the distance for best focus; (5) Click the "Pattern"
button repeatedly to project
one of several focusing patterns to aid in achieving the best focus (the
software cross hair should
align with the projected cross hair when optimal focus is achieved). Position
the projection head to
be normal to the sanitary tissue product sample surface; (6) Adjust image
brightness by changing the
aperture on the camera lens and/or altering the camera "gain" setting on the
screen. Set the gain to
the lowest practical level while maintaining optimum brightness so as to limit
the amount of
electronic noise. When the illumination is optimum, the red circle at bottom
of the screen labeled
"I.O." will turn green; (7) Select Standard measurement type; (8) Click on the
"Measure" button.
This will freeze the live image on the screen and, simultaneously, the surface
capture process will
begin. It is important to keep the sample still during this time to avoid
blurring of the captured
images. The full digitized surface data set will be captured in approximately
20 seconds; (9) Save the
data to a computer file with ".omc" extension. This will also save the camera
image file ".kam"; (10)
Export the file to the FD3 v1.0 format; 11) Measure and record at least three
areas from each
sample; 12) Import each file into the software package SPIP (Image Metrology,
A/S, Horsholm,
CA 02818288 2013-06-07
17
Denmark); 13) Using the Averaging profile tool, draw a profile line
perpendicular to height or
elevation (such as embossment) transition region. Expand the averaging box to
include as much of
the height or elevation (embossment) as practical so as to generate and
average profile of the
transition region (from top surface to the bottom of the surface pattern or
portion of surface pattern
To move the surface data into the analysis portion of the software, click on
the clipboard/man
icon; (11) Now, click on the icon "Draw Lines". Draw a line through the center
of a region of
features defining the texture of interest. Click on Show Sectional Line icon.
In the sectional plot,
Compression/Relaxation Test Method
The Compression Value of a sample product is measured by as follows. Caliper
versus load
data are obtained using a Thwing-Albert Model EJA Materials Tester, equipped
with a 2500 g load
cell and compression fixture including a compression table (compression
platen). The compression
CA 02818288 2013-06-07
18
The compression and relaxation portion data are obtained using a crosshead
speed of 0.10
inches/minute with a data acquisition rate of 50/sec and an approach speed of
0.3 in/min. When the
load reaches > 3 g, the approach speed is reduced to 0.10 in/min. The
deflection of the load cell is
obtained by running the test without a test sample being present on the
compression table. This is
generally known to those of skill in the art as the Steel-to-Steel data. The
Steel-to-Steel data are
obtained at a crosshead speed of 0.10 inch/minute. Crosshead position and load
cell data are
recorded between the load cell range of 25g to 1250g for both the compression
and relaxation
portions of the test. Since the compression foot area is 1 in2 this
corresponds to a range of 25 g/in2 to
1250 g/in2. The maximum pressure exerted on the sample is 300 g/in2. At 300
g/in2 the crosshead
reverses its travel direction. Crosshead position values are collected at
selected load values during
the test. These correspond to pressure values of 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150,
200, 300, 400, 500, 600,
750, 1000, 1250, 1250, 1000, 750, 600, 500, 400, 300, 200, 150, 125, 100, 75,
50, and 25 g/in2 for
the compression and the relaxation directions respectively. During the
compression portion of the
test, crosshead position values are collected by the MAP software, by defining
14 traps (Trap 1 to
Trap 14) at load settings of 25 (C25), 50 (C50), 75 (C75), 100 (C100), 125
(C125), 150 (C150), 200
(C200), 300 (C300), 400 (C400), 500 (C500), 600 (C600), 750 (C750), 1000
(C1000), and 1250
(C1250) g/in2. The test apparatus and procedure compresses the test sample
between 1500 g/in2 to
1600 g/in2 before returning. During the relaxation (return) portion of the
test, crosshead position
values are collected by the MAP software, by defining 14 return traps (Return
Trapl to Return Trap
14) at load settings of 1250 (R1250), 1000 (R1000), 750 (R750), 600 (R600),
500 (R500), 400
(R400), 300 (R300), 200 (R200), 150 (R150), 125 (R125), 100 (R100), 75 (R75),
50 (R50), and 25
(R25) g/in2. This cycle of compressions to 1250 g/in2 and return to 25 g/in2
is on the same test
sample without removing the test sample. The compression-relaxation test is
replicated 5 times for a
given sample and using a fresh material sample each time. The result (caliper
of the test sample) is
reported as an average of the 5 replicates for a given load. The caliper
values are obtained for both
the Steel-to-Steel and the test sample. Steel-to-Steel values are obtained for
each batch of testing. If
multiple days are involved in the testing, the values are checked daily. The
Steel-to-Steel values and
the test sample values are an average of 5 replicates at a given load.
Caliper values for a sample are obtained by subtracting the average Steel-to-
Steel crosshead
trap value for a given load from the test sample crosshead trap value for a
given load (for example at
each trap point). For example, the caliper values from five individual
replicates at a given load on
CA 02818288 2013-06-07
19
each test sample are averaged and used to obtain the Compression Value at a
given load.
Compression Values are reported in millimeters (mils).
Results
Package Height Reduction
Table 1. Results of Package Height Reduction for 4 Exemplary Packages and
Calculated Percent
Drop.
18 gsm non- 30 gsm non-
1.5 -mil
Polyethylene (PE) woven / 1.8-mil woven / 1.8-mil 18 gsm
PE Micro Emboss PE Micro Emboss non-woven (NW)
Film Only
(ME) film (ME) film Only Package
Package
laminate Package laminate Package
Sheets Height % Height % Height % Height %
Remaining (in) DROP (in) DROP (in) DROP (in) DROP
100 2.375 n/a 2.8125 n/a 2.75 n/a 2.75 n/a
90 2.3125 2.6% 2.8125 0.0% 2.6875 2.3%
2.75 _ 0.0%
80 2
15.8% 2.8125 0.0% 2.6875 2.3% 2.75 0.0%
70 1.75 26.3% 2.8125 0.0% 2.6875 2.3% 2.6875 2.3%
60 1.625 31.6% 2.75 2.2% 2.625 4.5%
2.5 9.1%
50 1.625 31.6% 2.75 2.2% 2.625 4.5% 2.4375 11.4%
40 1.25 47.4% 2.75 2.2% 2.625 4.5% 2.4375 11.4%
30 1 57.9% 2.75 2.2% 2.625 4.5%
2.375 13.6%
20 0.875 63.2% 2.75 2.2% 2.625 4.5% 2.25 18.2%
0.5 78.9% 2.75 2.2% 2.5625 6.8% 2.25 18.2%
0 0.25 89.5% 2.75 2.2% 2.5625 6.8% 2.125 22.7%
Table 2. Overall Package Height Reduction for 4 Exemplary Packages
Package Material Total Drop
1.5-mil PE Film Only 89.50%
18-gsm NW Only 22.70%
18 gsm NW +1.8-mil PE
ME Film 2.20%
30 gsm NW +1.8-mil PE
ME Film 6.80%
Plate Stiffness Test
Table 3. Overall Plate Stiffness Results for 7 Exemplary Packages (4 Replicate
Samples)
Sample Name g/mm N*mm max g
20-mil Coated Recycled Board (CRB) 2931.023 440 2666.186
20-mil Coated Recycled Board (CRB) 2905.107 436 2632.053
CA 02818288 2013-06-07
20-mil Recycled Board (CRB) 2812.874 422 2527.035
20-mil Recycled Board (CRB) 3016.858 453 2754.775
1.5m1 PE film 3.894 0.584 2.825
1.5ml PE film 4.870 0.731 3.028
1.5m1 PE film 5.383 0.808 3.692
1.5ml PE film 3.808 0.571 3.004
1.8-mil PE Micro Emboss (ME) Film 2.080 0.312 1.571
1.8-mil PE Micro Emboss (ME) Film 1.703 0.256 1.478
1.8-mil PE Micro Emboss (ME) Film 1.956 0.293 1.526
1.8-mil PE Micro Emboss (ME) Film 1.914 0.287 1.560
18 gsm non-woven (NW) 7.333 1.100 4.872
18 gsm non-woven (NW) 4.112 0.617 3.742
18 gsm non-woven (NW) 3.993 0.599 3.449
18 gsm non-woven (NW) 4.900 0.735 5.103
gsm non-woven (NW) 3.414 0.512 2.748
30 gsm non-woven (NW) 3.221 0.483 2.551
30 gsm non-woven (NW) 4.701 0.705 3.118
30 gsm non-woven (NW) 4.357 0.654 3.178
18 gsm NW +1.8-mil PE ME film 19.176 2.877 13.410
18 gsm NW +1.8-mi1 PE ME film 15.092 2.264 11.149
18 gsm NW +1.8-mil PE ME film 9.799 1.470 8.111
18 gsm NW +1.8-mil PE ME film 16.271 2.441 12.522
18 gsm NW +1.8-mil PE ME film 18.539 2.781 12.522
30 gsm NW +1.8-mil PE ME film 15.183 2.278 11.461
30 gsm NW +1.8-mil PE ME film 16.850 2.528 12.483
30 gsm NW +1.8-mil PE ME film 16.299 2.445 12.655
30 gsm NW +1.8-mil PE ME film 18.924 2.839 13.730
Elevation Test
Table 4. Overall Surface Elevation of 3 Exemplary Packages.
Sample Sa (pm) Sq ( m)
18gsm-non-woven with
1.8-mil PE ME film 26.2 33.9
30gsm-non-woven with
1.8-mil PE ME film 36.3 45.8
30gsm-non-woven 37.9 47.6
5
Compression Test
Table 5. Results of Compression Data (i.e., Overall Compression and
Compressive Force) for
Exemplary Laminated and Non-Laminated Structures.
Compression Caliper (mil)
CA 02818288 2013-06-07
21
CI25
Sample Name C25 C50 C75 C100 C125 C150 C200 C300
C400 C500 C600 C750 C1000 C1250 0-C25
20-pt CRB (paperboanl) 21.48 21.06 20.94 20.80 20.71 20.70
20.64 20.52 20.51 20.50 20.40 20.40 20.36 20.37 -1.12
20-pt CRB (paperboard) 20.95 2080 20.70 20.54 20.57 20.56
20.51 2041 20.41 20.34 20.28 20.25 20.19 20.18 -0.76
20-pt CR13 (paperboard) 20.94 20.51 20.41 20.34 20.28 20.26
20.19 20.11 20.08 19.94 19.96 19.91 19.87 19.87 -
1.07
20-pi CR B (paperboard) 20.71 20.34 20.31 2023 20.18 20.14
20.07 20.01 20.00 19.89 19.88 19.84 19.85 19.83 -0.92
Norm. 20-pt CR II (paperboard) 100 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.96
0.96 0.96 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 -0.97
30 gsm non-woven/film 14.40 13.87 13.54 13.30 13.12 12.96
12.69 1234 12.09 11.87 11.68 11.50 11.20 10.97 -3.43
30 gsm non-woven/film 14.68 14.12 13.76 13.45 1331 13.07
12.82 12.46 12.15 11.91 11.72 11.49 11.15 10.98 -3.70
30 gsm non-woven/film 14.42 13.89 13.53 13.26 13.11 12.90
12.62 12.21 11.96 11.74 11.54 11.28 11.00 10.80 -3.62
30 gsm non-woven/film 15.39 14.74 14.31 14.05 13.83 13.58
13.39 13.00 12.73 12.49 12.31 12.11 11.81 11.60 -3.79
Nomi. 30 gsm non-woven/film 100 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.91 0.90
0.88 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.81 0.80 0.78 0.76 -3.63
Clear micro era 2.70 2.71 2.65 2.58 2.59 2.58 2.60
2.60 2.59 259 2.59 2.58 2.59 2.59 -0.12
Clear micro enth 3.14 2.97 2.97 2.92 2.83 2.72 2.72
2.68 2.61 2.19 2.61 2.58 2.59 2.57 -0.57
Clear micro emb 2.72 2.72 2.69 7.71 2.62 2.61 2.63
2.64 2.61 2.60 2.59 2.61 2.61 2.61 -0.11
Clear micro emb 2.73 2.71 2.67 2.71 2.61 2.62 2.63
2.65 2.62 2.62 2.62 2.61 2.61 2.62 -0.11
Norm. Clear micro emb 100 098 097 0.97 0.94 0.93 0.94
0.94 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 -0.23
30 gsm non-woven 11.33 1032 10.37 10.11 987 9.75 9.49
9.09 8.82 8.64 8.45 8.26 7.98 7.79 -3.54
30 gsm non-woven 12.17 11.52 11.12 10.87 10.63 10.45
10.15 9.80 9.49 9.25 9.09 8.85 8.58 8.41 -3.76
30 gsm non-woven 11.55 10.81 10.45 10.17 9.93 9.76 9.51
9.13 8.87 8.65 8.48 8.28 8.01 7.84 -3.71
30 gsm non-woven 11.51 10.97 10.67 10.43 10.24 10.05 9.84
9.44 9.28 9.10 8.94 8.75 8.48 835 -3.16
Norm. 30 gam non-woven 1.00 0.95 092 0.89 0.87 0.86 084
0.80 0.78 0.77 0.75 0.73 0.71 0.70 -3.54
l8 gam non-woven/film 11.76 11.41 11.18 10.97 10.90 10.77
10.60 10.37 10.18 10.01 9.87 9.71 9.50 9.36 -2.40
18 ggin non-woven/f i lin 11.83 11.47 11.22 11.00 10.92
10.79 10.62 10.36 10.18 10.01 9.88 9.72 9.50 936 -
2.47
18 gsm non-woven/film 11.51 1103 10.78 10.59 10.45 10.30
10.10 982 9.66 9.46 9.31 9.15 8.93 8.75 -2.76
18 gain non-woven/film 12.38 11.97 11.73 11.55 11.39 11.19
11.06 10.76 10.56 10.32 10.21 10.00 9.76 9.57 -2.81
Norm. 18 gsni non-woven/film 1 00 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.92 0.91
0.89 0.87 0.85 0.84 0.83 0.81 0.79 0.78 -2.61
18 gam non-woven 8.48 8.16 7.92 7.75 7.61 7.51 7.36
7.10 6.96 6.82 6.70 6.53 6.34 6.24 -2.24
18 gsm non-woven 796 7.60 7.36 7.21 7.11 7.00 6.83
6.60 6.47 6.35 6.23 6.11 5.95 5.84 -2.12
18 gsm non-woven 9.19 8.75 844 8.35 8.20 8.06 7.87
7.64 741 7.30 7.16 7.01 6.82 6.70 -2.49
18 (sm non-woven 8.41 7.97 7.82 7.66 7.53 7.39 7.27
701 6.91 6.79 6.69 6.51 6.34 6.23 -2.18
Norm. 18 gsni non-woven I A) 0.95 0.93 0.91 0.89 0.88
0.86 0.83 0.82 0.80 0.79 0.77 0.75 034 -2.25
Table 6. Results of Relaxation Data (i.e., Overall Relaxation and Relaxive
Force) for Exemplary
Laminated and Non-Laminated Structures
Relaxation Caliper (mil)
R25-
Sample Name R1250 R1000 R750 R600 R500 R400 R300 R200
RI50 RI25 R100 R75 R50 R25 R1250
20-pt CR B (paperboard) 20.363 20.367 20.283 20.258 20.313
20.390 20.430 20.446 20.486 20.500 20.532 20.580 20.633
20.603 0.240
20-pt CRB (paperboar4) 20.193 20.182 20.119 20.108 20.155
20.210 20.264 20.272 20.332 20.398 20.398 20.457 20.464
20.562 0.369
20-pt CRB (paperboard) 19.873 19.868 19.791 1978! 19807
19.904 19.911 19.954 19.994 20.059 20.101 20.114 20.124
20.149 0.276
20-pt CRB (paperboard) 19.812 19833 19.773 19.742 19780
19.885 19.858 19.938 19.907 19.965 20.024 20.025 20.032
20.077 0.225
Norm. 2O-pt CR13
(paperboard) 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 099 0.99 0.99
0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.28
30 gsm non-woven/film 11.203 10968 10.7511 10.785 10.914
11.074 11.196 11.303 11.414 11.574 11.830 11.980 12.018
12.242 1.039
CA 02818288 2013-06-07
22
30 gsm non-woven/film 11.152 10.981 10.689 10.715 10.901
11.041 11.141 11.286 11.405 11.547 11.824 12.012 12.036
12.269 1.117
30 gm, non-woven/film 11.000 10799 10.534 10.553 10.694
10.955 10979 11.148 11.223 11.386 11.597 11.751 11.926
11.925 0.925
30 gsm non-woven/film 11.806 11.597 11.321 11.299 11.474
11.630 11.763 11.869 11.976 12.124 12.412 12.533 12.608
12/33 0.927
Norm. 3077w non-woven/film 0.92 0.90 088 0.88 0.89 0.91
0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.99 1.00 1.00
Clear micro emb 2.589 2585 2.580 2593 2.569 2.561 2.589
2.608 2.605 2.647 2.678 2.694 2.635 2.622 0.033
Clear micro emb 2.590 2-568 2560 7556 2552 2.568 2.575
2.615 2.592 2.632 2.672 2.733 2.725 2.744 0.154
Clear micro enib 2.605 2.612 2.588 2570 2.585 2.571 2.602
2.642 2.605 2.625 2.699 2.681 2.700 2.685 0.080
Clear micro emb 2.607 2.615 2.594 2.588 2.587 2592 2 609
2.637 2.615 2.656 2.736 2.693 2.661 2.657 0.050
Norm. Clear micro emb (1.97 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.97
0.98 0.97 0.99 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.00 0.08
30 gsm non-woven 7.978 7787 7.523 7.562 7.676 7.841 7.965
8.078 8.281 8.384 8.645 8.817 8.881 9.043 1065
30 gsm non-woven 8.585 8.408 8.142 8.165 8.298 8.480
8.607 8.782 8.828 8.994 9.250 9.430 9.651 9.699 1.116
30 gsm non-woven 8.014 7.836 7394 7.602 7.725 7.912 8.029
8.161 8.322 8.436 8.699 8.909 9.006 9.136 1.122
30 gsm non-woven 8.484 8351 8.115 8.130 8.272 8.440 8.541
8.706 8.765 8.924 9.148 9.364 9.545 9.560 1.076
Norm. 10 gsm non-woven 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.84 0.85 0.87 0.89
0.90 0.91 0.93 0.95 0.98 0.99 1.00 1.09
!8 gsm non-woven/film 9.504 9.364 9.138 9.134 9.264 9416
9.534 9.626 9.737 9.881 10.025 10.167 10.203 10.262
0.758
18 gsm non-woven/film 9.500 9.363 9.121 9.0% 9240 9.369
9.512 9.637 9.677 9.832 10.093 10.125 10.173 10.273
0.773
18 gsrn non-woven/film 8.929 8.748 8.575 8.581 8.718 8.844
8.923 9.051 9.133 9.296 9.459 9.622 9.837 9.814
0.885
18 gsm non-woven/film 9356 9573 9330 9.340 9.484 9.675
9.735 9.8(4 9.965 10.092 10.309 10.440 10.482 10.566
0.810
Norm. 18 gsm mm-woven/film 0.92 091 088 0.88 0.90 0.91
0.92 0.93 0.94 0.96 0.97 0.99 0.99 1.00 0.81
18 gsm non-woven 6.335 6243 6.099 6.108 6.252 6.338 6.418
6.617 6.618 6.747 6.985 7.147 7.109 7.206 0871
18 gsm non-woven 5.954 5.840 5.718 5.699 5.774 5.940 5995
6.086 6.182 6.319 6.466 6.543 6.626 6.731 0.777
18 gsm non-woven 6.823 6700 6.514 6.497 6.617 6.767 6.952
7.006 7.107 7224 7.460 7.608 7.629 7741 0.918
18 gsm non-woven 6.335 6.234 6.146 6.111 6275 6.360 6.424
6.567 6.589 6.715 6.881 6.992 7.034 7.162 0.827
Norm. 18 gsm non-woven 0.88 0.87 0.85 0.85 0.86 0.88 0.89
0.91 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 0.98 1.00 0.85
Table 7. Mathematically Expressed Equations for Exemplary Laminated and Non-
Laminated
Structures Where x =Compression Pressure and y =Normalized Compression
Caliper.
20-pt CRB (paperboard): y =-0.0121n(x) +1.0272
30 gsm non-woven: y =-0.0781n(x) +1.2525
18 gsm non-woven/film: y --0.0571n(x) +1.1892
30 gsm non-woven/film: y =-0.0611n(x)
+1.2042
18 gsm non-woven: y ----
0.0681n(x) +1.2219
Clear micro-emboss: y =-0.0211n(x)
+1.0598
30 gsm non-woven: y =-0.0781n(x) +1.2525
Table 8. Mathematically Expressed Equations for Exemplary Laminated and Non-
Laminated
Structures Where x =Relaxation Pressure and y =Normalized Relaxation Caliper.
18 gsm non-woven/film: y =-0.0311n(x)
+1.1058
30 gsm non-woven/film: y =-0.0311n(x) +1.0997
18 gsm non-woven: y =-0.0421n(x)
+1.1402
CA 02818288 2013-06-07
23
30 gsm non-woven: y =-0.0431n(x) +1.1413
Table 9. Results of Caliper and Opacity Data for Exemplary Laminated and Non-
Laminated
Structures
Opacity
Y black Caliper (Y black/ Y
backing- - white backing
backing Y white backing (mil) )*100 Opacity/Caliper
PP clear (ex., Kraft
mac and cheese
bundle) 0.86 82.03 1.25 1.05 0.84
1.5 mil PE film with
white no printing 1.63 81.38 1.83 2.00 1.09
Extrel 800 0.9 mil
PE film 0.99 81.56 1.07 1.21 1.13
Tredegare I mil PE
film 1.71 81.38 1.59 2.10 1.32
Experimental film
with artwork (clear
spot on ink) 6.75 82.59 3.95 8.17 2.07
Experimental film
with artwork
(blue/green spot on
ink) 6.8 74.5 3.67 9.13 2.49
Experimental film
with artwork (light
blue area) 6.9 67.46 2.74 10.23 3.73
Tredegar I mil PE
film within
transparent ink 1.39 31.03 1.19 4.48 3.76
Experimental film
with artwork (orange
from branding) 6.9 42 3.84 16.43 4.28
Experimental film
with artwork (purple
ink) 5.3 15.35 3.76 34.53 3.82
Soft touch film
unprinted 20.87 86.58 1.99 24.10 12.11
1.5 mil PE film with
white printing 39.93 86.8 2.74 46.00 16.79
Kleenex SoftPack
white PE film from
Japan 39.75 86.94 2.45 45.72 18.66
CA 02818288 2013-06-07
24
Kleenex Slim Pack
(city scape artwork)
blue pattern/inside
panel 20.6 33.62 2.53 61.27 24.22
Pampers wet wipes
PP/PE film 56.77 59.37 3.28 95.62 29.15
Kleenex Slim Pack
(city scape artwork)
city scene/front panel 26.02 37.03 2.29 70.27 30.68
Kleenex Slim Pack
(canthus artwork)
snakey side/front
panel 6.38 7.26 2.19 87.88 40.13
Kleenex Slim Pack
(canthus artwork)
black side/inside
panel 4.02 4.02 2.03 100.00 49.26
A preferred packaging material 10 suitable for the container of the present
invention has an
opacity value ranging from about 5.0 to about 45.0 or from about 6.0 to about
40.0 or from about 7.0
to about 35.0 or from about 8.0 to about 34.0 or about 10.0 to about 30Ø A
preferred packaging
material 10 suitable for the container of the present invention has an
opacity/caliper value ranging
from about 3.8 to about 16.0, or from about 3.9 to about 15.0 or from about
4.0 to about 13.0 or from
about 4.2 to about 12Ø
It should also be realized by one of skill in the art that the packaging
material 10 of the
present disclosure can be creatively decorated with indicium or indicia that
coordinate the outer
surface of the package 20 and the a carton 21. Thus, it is believed that the
bundle 16 of sheets 22 of
stacked and/or interleaved facial tissue paper contained within exemplary
package 20 can provide
additional background and contribute to the overall design in a manner that
completely coordinates
the outer surface of the package 20 and the carton 21. Thus, it is envisioned
that as each sheet of the
bundle 16 of sheets 22 is sequentially withdrawn from the carton 21, the
overall decoration provided
on carton 21 can provide for a differential opacity. In other words, the
overall opacity of the carton
21 changes from a first opacity when the carton has all sheets 22 contained
therein and at least a
second opacity when any portion of the sheets 22 contained therein have been
removed therefrom.
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being
strictly limited
to the exact numerical dimension and/or value recited. Instead, unless
otherwise specified, each
CA 02818288 2013-06-07
such dimension and/or value is intended to mean both the recited dimension
and/or value and a
functionally equivalent range surrounding that dimension and/or value. For
example, a dimension
disclosed as "40 mm- is intended to mean "about 40 mm."
The citation of any document, including any cross referenced or related patent
or application
5
is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention
disclosed or claimed herein or
that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references,
teaches, suggests or
discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or
definition of a term in this
document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a
document cited herein, the
meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
10
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated
and described, it
would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and
modifications can be
made without departing from the invention described herein.
