Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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ABUS August Bremicker Sohne KG
A10527PW0
PADLOCK FOR SECURING AND MONITORING A SWITCH
The invention relates to a padlock for securing and monitoring a switch of
an industrial plant. The invention further relates to a securing and
monitoring system for a switch of an industrial plant which includes at
least one padlock.
A particular area of application of a padlock is in the field of occupational
safety. There is the risk in connection with the servicing of industrial
plants, for example, of a production machine, that the industrial plan
deactivated for the purpose of service work is activated again by accident
while the servicing work is still continuing. A substantial danger for the
service engineer can result from this. It is therefore customary that the
service engineer moves a switch associated with the industrial plant to an
OFF position for the duration of the service work and secures it in this
position, i.e. the switch is directly blocked or access to the switch is
blocked. The named switch is typically an energy supply switch, for
example a main electrical switch of a control device or of an energy supply
device of the industrial plant (e.g. power switchbox). Alternatively to this,
the named switch can, for example, be a valve of a liquid line or of a gas
line.
In order effectively to avoid an accidental activation of the industrial plant
by another person, each service engineer hangs a padlock on the named
switch or on a blocking device associated with the switch before starting
his work and locks said padlock. The switch is hereby secured in its OFF
position, i.e. the switch cannot be moved accidentally back into an ON
position by another person. When the service engineer has ended his
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work, he unlocks his padlock again and releases it from the switch. Each
service engineer usually has his own individual padlock (or a plurality of
his own individual padlocks) associated with him.
This procedure is also called locking out (English: lockout). The padlock
used is accordingly called a lockout lock. The document US 5,449,867
shows such a securing of an electric rocker switch by means of a padlock.
It is known from the document US 3,171,908 to secure the position of a
rotary switch by means of a padlock.
So that a plurality of service engineers can block and release the switch
again independently of one another, a plurality of receivers (e.g. eyelets)
can be provided at the switch for hanging a plurality of lockout locks. This
is known from the document US 6,388,213, for example. If only a single
receiver for a lockout lock is provided, a securing claw can be used which
is hung into the respective eyelet of the switch or of the associated
blocking device and which in turn has a plurality of hang-in eyelets for a
respective padlock. Only when the last padlock has been removed from
the securing claw can the securing claw be removed from the switch so
that it can again be brought into the ON position. Such a securing claw for
use at an electric switchbox is known, for example, from documents
US 6,396,008, US 5,365,757 and US 3,667,259.
It is known in connection with such a securing of a switch of an industrial
plant to equip the lockout lock used with a housing of plastic, with a hoop
being displaceably held at the lock housing and with a lock cylinder being
arranged in the lock housing. The lock cylinder can selectively be brought
from an open position into a locked position to lock the hoop to the lock
housing after the hoop has, for example, been hung into an eyelet of the
switch. By forming the lock housing from plastic, a particularly light
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padlock results which is of advantage in the use as a lockout lock since
the service engineers occasionally carry a plurality of lockout locks
simultaneously. A housing of plastic can also contribute to a desired
electrical insulation. By the use of a plastic housing, there is furthermore
a particularly simple possibility of color marking the padlock. The smaller
stability of a plastic housing in comparison with a lock housing made of
metal does not represent any serous disadvantage in a lockout lock since
the padlock only serves the purpose of securing a switch against
unintentional actuation, but not, for example, as theft protection. Such a
lockout lock having a housing of plastic is known, for example, from
documents US 7,278,283 and US 5,755,121. They are here cases of
simple, purely mechanical padlocks.
It is an object of the invention to provide a padlock and a corresponding
securing system which enable a reliable securing and monitoring of a
switch of an industrial plant with a simple design.
This object is satisfied by a padlock having the features of claim 1 and in
particular by a padlock for securing and monitoring a switch of an
industrial plant having a lock housing made of plastic, furthermore having
a hoop which is displaceably held at the lock housing and having a lock
cylinder which is arranged in the lock housing and can selectively be
brought from an open position into a locked position to lock the hoop to
the lock housing, wherein an RFID transponder is also arranged in the
lock housing.
It is possible to check and document in a simple manner by means of the
RFID transponder arranged in the housing of the lockout lock, while using
an associated reading device, whether the respective lockout lock is or was
arranged at a switch of an industrial plant at a given time to secure the
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switch. For this purpose, the padlock used can have a simple mechanical
design since the RFID transponder can be inserted into the padlock as a
separate autonomous unit. The padlock can therefore have a purely
mechanical locking function which is independent of the electronic system
of the RFID transponder. Due to the arrangement of the RFID transponder
in a plastic housing, a radio communication can take place with an
associated reading device substantially without interference. At the same
time, the RFID transponder is reliably protected against damage and
contamination. This is an important aspect in the use of the padlock as a
lockout lock since the padlock can be exposed to great strain by blows
and/or wear if it is arranged at a switch of an industrial plant and is also
taken along by the service engineer (for example hanging on a belt) when
not in use.
The arrangement of the RFID transponder in the lock housing can take
place in a variety of manners. The lock housing can, for example, form an
outer cover into which the RFID transponder is integrated, in particular by
overcasting or overmolding. It is alternatively possible, for example, to
receive the RFID transponder releasably in the lock housing as will be
explained in the following.
An RFID transponder is a receiver and transmitter device which receives
an interrogation signal at a predetermined radio frequency and hereupon
transmits a predetermined identification signal (for example an
identification number encoded in a radio signal). This process is called
RFID (radio frequency identification). For this purpose, the RFID
transponder has at least one antenna, an electronic circuit coupled hereto
and a non-volatile memory in which the predetermined identification
number is stored. If an associated reading device generates an
electromagnetic alternating field with a suitable frequency and transmits it
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to the RFID transponder (interrogation signal), the antenna of the RFID
transponder takes on the electromagnetic energy of the alternating field,
whereby the transmission of the named identification signal is triggered
(in turn via the antenna). For this purpose, the electronic circuit of the
5 RFID transponder does not have to have any energy supply of its own, but
can rather take the required electric energy from the received alternating
field. The output identification signal is imprinted into the alternating
field
generated by the reading device by field attenuation such that the reading
device can decode the identification signal of the RFID transponder. Such
an RFID transponder is known, for example, from the document US
7,205,899.
It can be found and/or documented in a simple manner by the reading of
the identification signal of an RFID transponder combined with a lockout
lock which lockout lock (corresponding to a specific service engineer) is or
was fastened to a switch of an industrial plant at a given time. It is also
possible in this respect simultaneously to detect a plurality of RFID
transponders by means of a single associated reading device, i.e. the
presence of a plurality of different RFID transponders or lockout locks can
simultaneously be determined and/or documented. A control device
associated with the switch or with the respective industrial plant can
additionally be supplied with monitoring signals (redundant possibility of
monitoring the switch state) on the basis of the information obtained by
means of the reading device (e.g. identification number and date/time).
Which lockout locks were arranged at the respective switch of the
industrial plant at which time can alternatively or additionally be
documented, for example for the case of an industrial accident (accident
clarification, liability).
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In accordance with an advantageous embodiment, the RFID transponder
is enclosed on all sides within the lock housing. A particularly effective
protection of the RFID transponder from mechanical damage and/or
contamination is hereby ensured. The surrounding of the RFID
transponder at all sides preferably takes place by cooperation of the lock
housing with a further part of the padlock, in particular having a further
housing part (e.g. inner housing or outer housing part).
In accordance with a further embodiment, the lock cylinder of the padlock
has a longitudinal shape with a longitudinal axis which typically
corresponds to the axis of rotation of a rotatable cylinder core of the lock
cylinder. The lock cylinder can be configured, for example, as a profile
cylinder, in particular as a replaceable profile cylinder. The RFID
transponder is arched with respect to the longitudinal axis of the lock
cylinder in this embodiment. In other words, the RFID transponder
extends in curved shape about the lock cylinder in cross-section (in a
normal plane to the longitudinal axis). A particularly advantageous
angular characteristic of the RFID transponder hereby results, i.e. the
RFID transponder can cooperate with an associated reading device in a
large angular range. A reliable communication with an associated RFID
reading device can in particular hereby be achieved irrespective of whether
the front side or the rear side of the padlock faces the RFID reading
device. The lock cylinder, which is typically made from metal, in this
respect does not prove to be a disturbance since the lock cylinder can be
arranged within the arch formed by the RFID transponder, i.e. the RFID
transponder can peripherally surround the lock cylinder completely or
partly.
The RFID transponder can in particular extend along at least a part of the
length of the lock cylinder and along at least a part of the periphery of the
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lock cylinder. In this respect, the RFID transponder does not have to
contact the lock cylinder, but is rather preferably arranged spaced apart
from it (in the radial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the
lock cylinder). A particularly good reception and transmission
characteristic of the RFID transponder is hereby achieved, whereas the
accommodation of the RFID transponder in the lock housing can be
realized in the manner of a unit "wound" around the lock cylinder in a
simple construction manner and with minimal space requirements.
It is of advantage if the RFID transponder is arranged spaced apart from
the lock cylinder. Investigations have shown that a particularly good
angular characteristic of the RFID transponder is achieved when the RFID
transponder does not directly contact the lock cylinder, but is rather
arranged at a specific spacing from the lock cylinder. This in particular
applies when the RFID transponder is arched with respect to the
longitudinal axis of the lock cylinder, as explained above.
If the padlock has a further housing part in addition to the lock housing,
said further housing part can be secured in or at the lock housing (for
example received therein), with the RFID transponder being arranged in
an intermediate space between the lock housing and the further housing
part. This allows a particularly simple and fast fastening of the RFID
transponder in the lock housing since the RFID transponder only has to
be placed into the lock housing or into the further housing part before the
lock housing and the housing part are secured to one another and the
RFID transponder is thus captured in the lock housing. Furthermore, an
advantageous spacing between the RFID transponder and the lock
cylinder can hereby be realized in a simple manner.
,
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The RFID transponder can in particular be received in form-fitted manner
in a cut-out of the lock housing or of the further housing part provided for
this purpose to ensure a substantially clearance-free seating of the RFID
transponder in the lock housing.
It is preferred with respect to the named further housing part if it is also
made from plastic. A large range and a wide angular characteristic of the
RFID transponder is hereby supported even better. It is, however, also
possible to produce the named housing part from metal, provided that an
electric insulation from the components of the RFID transponder is
ensured (for example by a plastic enveloping of the RFID transponder).
In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the lock housing and the
named further housing part are secured to one another by means of a
releasable securing device (for example by means of a screw), with the
RFID transponder being captured between the lock housing and the
housing part as long as the lock housing and the housing part are secured
to one another by means of the named securing device. The RFID
transponder is hereby captively secured in a reliable manner in the lock
housing. The RFID transponder can nevertheless subsequently be
replaced, for example to allocate a different identification number to the
respective lockout lock.
It is in this respect particularly advantageous if the named securing device
is only accessible when the authorized user has brought the lock cylinder
into the open position by means of an associated key. It is hereby possible
for the authorized user to replace the RFID transponder as required.
However, as long as the lock housing and the housing part are secured to
one another by means of the named securing device and the padlock is
locked, the RFID transponder is captured in an unreachable manner
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between the lock housing and the housing part so that a high
manipulation security is ensured with respect to the association of a
predetermined RFID transponder with the respective padlock.
It is preferred with respect to the RFID transponder if it has two antennas.
The sensitivity and the angular characteristic of the RFID transponder can
hereby be even further improved.
The above-named object is also satisfied by a securing and monitoring
system for a switch of an industrial plant which includes at least one
padlock having a lock housing made of plastic and having an RFID
transponder arranged in the lock housing, wherein the padlock can be
fastened to the switch of the industrial plant, with the securing and
monitoring system furthermore having a reference RFID transponder
which is permanently fastened in the environment of the switch and
having a mobile RFID reading device which is configured to read out the
RFID transponder of the padlock and the reference RFID transponder
fastened in the environment of the switch.
It is possible by such a securing and monitoring system, on the one hand,
to detect the presence of a lockout lock by means of the RFID reading
device, namely in that the RFID transponder of the lockout lock is
detected. On the other hand, a spatial association of the lockout lock with
the respective switch of the industrial plant can be established in that the
RFID reading device simultaneously detects the reference RFID
transponder mounted in the vicinity of the switch. The presence of a
specific lockout lock at the switch can thus be reliably and reproducibly
detected by mans of an RFID reading device, whereby a conclusion can be
drawn that the corresponding service engineer has attached his lockout
lock properly to the switch.
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The named RFID reading device can in particular be configured to store a
piece of identification information read out of the RFID transponder of the
lockout lock and a piece of identification information read out of the
5 reference RFID transponder together with a piece of time information
(date/time), in particular in a non-volatile memory. The associated time
information can, for example, be derived from an integrated clock of the
RFID reading device.
10 The above-named object is also satisfied by a securing and monitoring
system for a switch of an industrial plant which has at least one padlock
having a lock housing made of plastic and having an RFID transponder
arranged in the lock housing, wherein the padlock can be fastened to the
switch of the industrial plant, and wherein the securing and monitoring
system has an RFID reading device which is permanently fastened in the
environment of the switch and which is configured to read out the RFID
transponder of the padlock at predetermined times.
In this embodiment, the need to bring the mobile RFID reading device into
the proximity of the switch at predetermined times to detect any lockout
locks or their RFID transponders which may be present. Instead, an RFID
reading device mounted permanently in the proximity of the switch can
detect the presence of one or more lockout locks at the switch by an
automatic check at regular time intervals.
The permanently fastened RFID reading device can in particular be
configured to store a piece of identification information read out of the
RFID transponder of the lockout lock together with a piece of time
information, in particular in a non-volatile memory. A particularly reliable
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and complete documentation is hereby possible on which lockout locks
were located at the switch at which times.
Alternatively or additionally, the piece of information read out of the RFID
transponder of the lockout lock can be transmitted to a central storage
and/or evaluation device. The central storage and/or evaluation device
can in this respect receive the signals from a plurality of stationary RFID
reading devices which are associated with different switches of the
industrial plant.
In another respect, in the above-explained securing and monitoring
systems, the respective padlock can be further developed in accordance
with one of the embodiments which were likewise explained above for a
lockout lock in accordance with the invention.
The invention will be explained in the following only by way of example
with reference to the drawings. Elements which are the same or of the
same kind are marked by the same reference numerals therein.
Fig. 1 shows a padlock in an exploded view;
Fig. 2 shows a padlock in a cross-sectional view;
Fig. 3 shows an inner housing with an RFID transponder in a
perspective view;
Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of a securing and
monitoring system for a switch of an industrial plant; and
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Fig. 5 shows a further securing and monitoring system in a
schematic representation.
The padlock shown in Fig. 1 has a lock body 11 and a hoop 13. The hoop
13 has a U shape with one shorter limb and one longer limb. An inwardly
facing locking recess 15 is formed at both limbs of the hoop 13.
Furthermore, a ring groove 17 with an abutment head 19 adjacent to it is
provided at the free end of the longer limb.
The lock body 11 has a lock housing 21 and a further housing part which
is configured as an inner housing 23 in the embodiment shown. The lock
housing 21 and the inner housing 23 comprise plastic. The inner housing
23 can be inserted into the lock housing 21 and can be fixed to the lock
housing 21 by means of a securing screw 25, as will be explained in the
following. The lock housing 21 and the inner housing 23 accommodate a
lock cylinder 27 and a locking mechanism 29 via which the lock cylinder
27 cooperates with the hoop 13.
The lock cylinder 27 has a cylinder core 31 having a keyway 33. The
cylinder core 31 is rotatably mounted within a cylinder housing 35 with
respect to an axis of rotation A (Fig. 2), wherein a rotary actuation is only
possible when an associated key is introduced into the keyway 33. The
cylinder core 31 has a driver projection 37 at the rear side.
The locking mechanism 29 includes a rotational bolt 39 and two blocking
balls 41. The rotational bolt 39 has a substantially hollow cylindrical
shape with an engagement projection 43 at the inner side which permits a
rotationally fixed coupling to the driver projection 37 of the lock cylinder
27. The rotational bolt 39 has, at the outer side, two receiving recesses 45
which can partly accept the blocking balls 41 on an opening actuation of
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the lock cylinder 27 and thus of the rotating bolt 39. At the periphery, in
each case adjacent to the receiving recesses 45, the rotational bolt 39
forms locking sections 47 by which the blocking balls 41 can be held in a
blocking engagement with the locking recesses 15 of the hoop 13.
The padlock shown in Fig. 1 selectively allows by a corresponding
actuation of the lock cylinder 17 the locking of the hoop 143 to the lock
body 11 (locking position of the lock cylinder 27) or the release of the
shorter limb of the hoop 13 from the lock body 11 (open position of the
lock cylinder 27), for example to be able to introduce the hoop 13 into an
eyelet or to remove it therefrom. The padlock shown is in particular
suitable for use as a lockout lock.
In accordance with the invention, an RFID transponder is arranged within
the lock housing 21 and is configured in the embodiment shown here as a
flexible unit whose antenna and electronic components are received in a
flexible film. The RFID transponder 48 is thus U-shaped in cross-section
and arched with respect to the longitudinal axis of the lock cylinder 27
(axis of rotation A in accordance with Fig. 2). The RFID transponder is in
this respect arranged radially spaced apart from the lock cylinder 27. The
RFID transponder 48 therefore is functionally independent of the lock
cylinder 27, the locking mechanism 29 and the hoop 13, i.e. the
functioning and the operability of the RFID transponder 48 are
independent of the position and the operability of the lock cylinder 27, the
locking mechanism 29 and the hoop 13. As such, an identification signal
is generated by the RFID transponder 48 only in response to an
interrogation signal of an RFID reading device 69, 79, as will be explained
below.
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Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a possible embodiment of a padlock
in accordance with Fig. 1 in a mounted state and with a locked hoop 13.
The inner housing 23 is pushed into the lock housing 21 and is fixed to
the lock housing 21 by means of the securing screw 25 for the installation
of the padlock. The lock cylinder 27, the locking mechanism 29 and the
RFID transponder 48 are thereby captured in the lock housing 21. The
fastening screw 25 cooperates with a nut 49 rotationally fixedly inserted
into the inner housing 23. The securing screw 25 is inserted into a hoop
receiving passage 51 of the lock housing 21 which is closed by the hoop
13 when the hoop 13 is locked to the lock body 11 - as shown in Fig. 2.
The nut 49 is covered by means of a cover 53. Provided that the lock
cylinder 27 has been brought into the open position and the shorter limb
of the hoop 13 has been removed from the hoop receiving passage 51, the
securing screw 25 can again be released from the nut 49 to remove the
inner housing 23 from the lock housing 21. The RFID transponder 48 can
hereby also be retroactively replaced.
To a the securing screw 25 permanently or to make a subsequent
opening of the lock housing 21 and any replacement of the RFID
transponder 48 recognizable, the securing screw 25 in the respective hoop
receiving passage 51 can be provided with a lacquer film or with an
adhesive, for example with Loctite (registered trademark of Henkel
Corporation, USA).
Fig. 2 shows a state of the padlock in which the hoop 13 is locked and is
thus secured against removal from the lock body 11. The locking sections
47 of the rotational bolt 39 hold the blocking balls 41 in blocking
engagement with the locking recesses 15 of the hoop 13 for this purpose.
To unlock the padlock, a rotational opening actuation by means of an
associated key 55 is required. The driver projection 37 of the lock cylinder
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27 and the rotational bolt 39 are hereby rotated by 90 so that a
respective receiving recess 45 of the rotational bolt 39 is rotated into the
region of the blocking balls 41. The blocking balls 41 can thus move back
out of the locking recesses 15 of the hoop 13. The hoop 13 can now be
5 pulled out of the lock body 11 axially until the abutment head 19 of the
longer hoop limb abuts the respective blocking ball 41. The shorter limb of
the hoop 13 now already projects out of the lock body 11. The hoop 13 can
now be rotated about the longitudinal axis of the longer hoop limb. A
repeated locking of the hoop 13 to the lock body 11 takes place in the
10 reverse order.
The cross-sectional view in accordance with Fig. 2 allows it to be
recognized that the RFID transponder 48 is received in a recess 57 of the
inner housing 23.
Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of a possible embodiment of an inner
housing 23 of the padlock in accordance with Fig. 1 or Fig. 2. The RFID
transponder 48 is shown which is curved in U shape and which is
inserted into an outer recess 57 of the inner housing 23 in form-fitted
manner. In this respect, the RFID transponder 48 surrounds at a specific
radial spacing a central recess 59 of the inner housing 23 which is
provided for the form-fitted reception of a lock cylinder 27 in the
assembled state of the padlock. It can be recognized in Fig. 3 that the
RFID transponder then extends - viewed in a radial projection with respect
to the axis of rotation A in accordance with Fig. 2 - along a part of the
length of the lock cylinder 27 and along a part of the periphery of the lock
cylinder 27.
Since the respective padlock in accordance with Figs. 1 and 2 is provided
with an RFID transponder 48, a piece of identification information can, as
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required, be read out of the RFID transponder 48 by means of an
associated RFID reading device, said piece of identification information
allowing a reliable identification and localization of the respective padlock.
The padlock is hereby particularly well suited for use as a lockout lock for
securing an electric switch or other switch of an industrial plant. On the
one hand, a switch position can namely be blocked by means of the locked
hoop 13. On the other hand, it can be monitored and documented by
reading out the piece of identification information stored in the padlock
which padlock is or was arranged at the switch at which time. This will be
explained in more detail in the following with reference to two possible
embodiments.
Fig. 4 shows a securing and monitoring system for a switch 61 of an
industrial plant. This securing and monitoring system includes a padlock
63 whose hoop 13 is hung into a blocking device 65 of the switch 61, for
example into an eyelet. The padlock 63 has an RFID transponder 48, as
explained in connection with Figs. 1 to 3.
The securing and monitoring system in accordance with Fig. 4
furthermore includes a reference RFID transponder 67 permanently
mounted at the switch 61 or in the proximity of the switch 61. The
securing and monitoring system furthermore includes a mobile RFID
reading device 69. It has a transmission and reception antenna 71, a
control and evaluation circuit 73 coupled hereto, a non-volatile memory
75 and an energy supply device 77 (e.g. an electric battery).
An interrogation signal can be transmitted by means of the RFID reading
device 69, said interrogation signal being an electromagnetic alternating
field of a predetermined frequency. In response to this interrogation
signal, both the RFID transponder 48 of the padlock 63 and the reference
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RFID transponder 67 output a respective identification signal which
includes a piece of individual identification information for the respective
RFID transponder 48 and 67 respectively. The respective identification
signal can be received and decoded by the mobile RFID reading device 69.
The switch 61 can thus be monitored by means of the mobile RFID
Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a securing and monitoring system for a
switch 61 of an industrial plant modified with respect to Fig. 4. This
An interrogation signal which is converted in the RFID transponder 48 of
the padlock 63 into an identification signal can be automatically triggered
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signal characteristic for the RFID transponder 48 and thus for the padlock
63 can be received and decoded by the stationary RFID reading device 79.
The piece of identification information acquired from this is then stored in
a non-volatile memory 75 of the stationary RFID reading device 79,
preferably together with a piece of time information. The securing state of
the switch 61 is thus monitored so that a check can be made by reading
out the non-volatile memory 75 which padlock has been arranged at the
switch 61 or was arranged thereat at an earlier time.
It must still be noted with respect to the explained embodiments that,
instead of the shown lock housing 21 and inner housing 23 (Figs. 1 and
2), for example a multipart outer lock housing of plastic can be provided,
in particular in the manner of an open housing having an associated
cover, or in the manner of a two-part lock housing having a central
dividing plane as known from the initially named document US 5,755,121.
In the case of such a multipart lock housing of plastic, an inner housing
can optionally additionally be provided.
Instead of a padlock having a U-shaped hoop, a padlock can, for example,
also be used having a curved rotary hoop.
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Reference numeral list
11 lock body
13 hoop
locking recess
17 ring groove
19 abutment head
21 lock housing
10 23 housing part
securing screw
27 lock cylinder
29 locking mechanism
31 cylinder core
15 33 keyway
cylinder housing
37 driver projection
39 rotational bolt
41 blocking ball
20 43 engagement projection
receiving recess
47 locking section
48 RFiD transponder
49 nut
25 51 hoop receiving passage
53 cover
key
57 recess for the RFID transponder
59 recess for the lock cylinder
30 61 switch
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63 padlock
65 blocking device
67 reference RFID transponder
69 mobile RFID reading device
5 71 transmission and reception antenna
73 control and evaluation circuit
75 non-volatile memory
77 energy supply device
79 stationary RFID reading device
10 A axis of rotation
