Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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BLOCK FOR CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION WITH SAID BLOCK
Technical Field
The present invention relates to building construction works,
proposing a block and a Method of construction which allow
building inner or outer walls in an advantageous manner with
respect to building same with conventional construction elements.
State of the Art
In building wall construction, ceramic bricks or concrete
blocks which are bonded to one another by means of plaster or
cement mortar are conventionally used, the walls being formed
between the reinforced concrete columns and beams which are the
components of the previously built structural framework of the
building.
Consequently, constructions are slow and costly due to the
work required to place the bricks or blocks, fixing them with the
bonding material and the time necessary for said bonding material
to dry.
The use of large-sized panels is also known, with which
panels constructions are faster because the number of members to
be placed is much smaller, but this solution requires the use of
machinery for manipulating the panels with which the constructions
are performed since the weight thereof makes manual handling
difficult and they cannot be handled by a single operator in any
case.
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The members used in all those conventional solutions
furthermore result in very heavy constructions, therefore a very
strong structural framework is required to withstand the load of
the building; whereas the actual weight of the members also means
that operator work is very costly due to the effort necessary for
handling said construction members.
On the other hand, the nature of ceramic and concrete members
furthermore results in constructions made with these members being
unsatisfactory in terms of heat and sound insulation, therefore
when effective insulation is required it is necessary to build
walls with a double partition, defining an intermediate chamber,
where an insulating material can be arranged.
Object of the Invention
According to the invention, a block for construction is
proposed with which walls and even floor slabs can be built in a
more advantageous manner than with ceramic bricks, concrete blocks
and conventional panels, overcoming the drawbacks of the
constructions made with these members.
The block object of the invention comprises two facing outer
plates, between which there is arranged an insulating intermediate
core formed by a layer of insulating material or several layers of
identical or different insulating materials, the intermediate core
being tucked in with respect to the outer plates on at least one
edge of the contour and projecting in a reciprocal manner on at
least another edge.
The outer plates can be of the same material or of different
materials, the formation of said outer plates with structural
finish materials being envisaged such that a finished outer
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surface is defined with the same blocks in the construction of
application.
The intermediate core can define one or more open grooves
along its edges for housing plumbing pipes or for the passage of
cables, thereby allowing the assembly of service installations in
the constructions of application using the block, while at the
same time forming the walls, such that operators from other
professions do not have to later intervene in order to include
said pipes of service installations in the walls that are built.
It is also envisaged that the intermediate core can have
through holes that are horizontal or vertical with respect to the
placement position of the block during application for the
inclusion of strips or the formation of reinforced concrete
reinforcement joists or posts.
Similarly, the intermediate core can leave free spaces
between the outer plates in the formation of the block, defining
gaps serving both for the inclusion of wood pillars and beams, and
for permanent formwork for forming reinforced concrete beams or
pillars inside the actual walls that are built. In this case, the
edges of the outer plates of the block are envisaged with shapes
to establish a tongue and groove fitting between the corresponding
outer plates of the contiguous blocks in the constructions of
application, thus defining assembly rigidity which allows
withstanding the expansive force of the concrete having that
formwork function for forming pillars or beams inside the blocks
of the construction.
The bonding between the blocks in the constructions of
application is established by adhesion by means of an adhesive,
for example, a non-degradable expansive polyurethane adhesive,
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whereby the erection of the constructions of application is very
clean and does not define a heat bridge between the faces of the
walls that are built.
A system of construction with considerable advantages over
conventional systems of construction which use ceramic bricks,
concrete blocks or large-sized panels is thus obtained for the
same purposes, among which the following must be highlighted, for
example: erect
- It makes erecting and tearing down constructions faster and
easier.
- It facilitates and speeds up the work of assembling service
installations in the construction.
- The constructions are much more lightweight, reducing the
load of partition walls and other resistant members of the
constructions.
- It requires less ergonomic effort from operators making the
constructions because they have to bear less weight for
manipulating the blocks to be placed.
- Erecting and tearing down the constructions are much
cleaner, generating less waste with a lower weight as well as
being recyclable.
- The structure of the construction blocks by itself defines
good heat and sound insulation qualities, less wall thicknesses
being required.
- By using the actual blocks for forming the walls as a
permanent formwork for pillars and beams, construction is faster
and more perfect finishes are obtained.
Structural features and a method of construction which allow
cost savings in terms of labor, waste management, auxiliary means,
work execution time and energy in the use of the buildings that
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are built are therefore obtained with the proposed block; the
constructions furthermore being very environmentally friendly in
any of the production, erection and tearing down phases thereof.
Description of the Drawings
Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a basic embodiment of
the proposed construction block.
Figures 2, 3 and 4 are, respectively, a bottom plan view, a
side front view and an end profile view of said construction block
depicted in the preceding Figure 1.
Figure 5 is an example of the proposed construction block
with a different arrangement of the intermediate core.
Figure 6 is an example of the proposed construction block
with a groove along the upper edge of the intermediate core.
Figure 7 is an example of the proposed construction block
with the intermediate core formed by a composition of several
layers of insulating and/or reinforcement material.
Figure 8 is an example of the proposed construction block
with an acoustic sheet included between the intermediate core and
one of the outer plates.
Figure 9 is an example of the proposed construction block
with a vertical through hole going through the intermediate core.
Figure 10 is an example of the proposed construction block
with the intermediate core provided with open gaps on the vertical
end edges.
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Figure 11 is an example of the proposed construction block
with the intermediate core formed by several layers and divided
into two individual longitudinal sections, the outer plates having
tongue and groove formations on the upper and lower edges.
Figure 12 is an example of the proposed construction block
with another arrangement of the intermediate core between the
outer plates.
Figure 13 is another embodiment of the proposed construction
block with the intermediate core formed by several layers.
Figure 14 is another embodiment of the proposed construction
block with another arrangement of the intermediate core formed by
several layers.
Figure 15 is an embodiment of the proposed construction block
according to an angular configuration.
Detailed Description of the Invention
The object of the invention relates to a block for
construction, particularly for the construction of partitions or
walls in buildings, as well as the method which is carried out to
make constructions with said block.
The proposed block comprises two facing outer plates (1 and
2) between which there is included an insulating intermediate core
(3) fixed to said outer plates (1 and 2) by means of an adhesive.
The outer plates (1 and 2) can be of one and the same
material or of different materials, the formation thereof with
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construction materials directly defining a finished or semi-
finished outer surface, such as wood, plaster, floor tiles, glazed
tiles, cement-wood, plywood, melamines, etc., being envisaged.
The intermediate core (3) can in turn comprise a single layer
of insulating material or several layers of identical or different
insulating materials, for example, cork, gutex, extruded
polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, rock wool, elastomeric sheets,
etc.
Therefore, the structural formation of the block object of
the invention is envisaged such that the intermediate core (3) is
tucked in with respect to the outer plates (1 and 2) on at least
one of the edges of the contour, defining recesses (4) and
projecting in a reciprocal manner on at least another edge of the
contour, defining projections (5), as seen in Figures 1 to 5,
without the depicted embodiments being limiting.
Therefore, for erecting the constructions of application the
block can be associated with other identical or similar blocks,
consecutively fitting the projections (5) of one block in the
correlative recesses (4) of the consecutive block, after gluing
one of the parts of the fitting; a formation of the constructions
to be made thus being able to be established in successive rows of
blocks in a very simple and fast manner, because the fitting
between the consecutive blocks defines the precise positioning
thereof to obtain the composition of a perfectly level continuous
outer surface, a strong enough assembly of the building being
obtained at the same time.
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Both inner and outer walls or partitions can thus be built,
the use of a non-degradable specific adhesive being envisaged for
bonding the blocks depending on the sites of application.
On the other hand, in relation to other structural members of
the buildings of application, the constructions that are formed
according to the invention can be fixed by means of rails nailed
or screwed to the structural members of the building, fitting the
blocks of the construction on said rails by means of the recesses
(4) of the edge thereof, whereby obtaining a very easy-to-make and
perfectly finished trim for the walls or partitions that are
constructed with respect to the structural members of the
building; with the possibility of releasing the fastening in those
trims, removing the fitting rails for changing the position of the
walls or partitions that are built, even being able to move them
to another location, without needing to destroy them and
reconstruct them in the new location.
The intermediate core (3) can be provided with one or more
open grooves (6) along at least one of its edges as can be seen in
Figure 6 for housing plumbing pipes or for the passage of cables,
such that the pipes for plumbing installations, electrical
installations, communication installations, etc., can be placed in
the constructions of application when erecting the construction,
including said pipes in the grooves (6) of the block provided for
that purpose when said blocks are placed in the construction,
whereby the erection of the construction ends with the pipes for
service installations included therein, without other operators
having to later make chases for introducing said pipes.
According to the heat and sound insulation conditions
required in the constructions of application, the intermediate
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core (3) of the blocks can comprise one or more insulating layers,
for example, including an acoustic sheet (7) between the
intermediate core (3) per se and at least one of the outer plates
(1 or 2), as in the embodiment of Figure 8; or the actual
intermediate core (3) can be made up of several layers (3.1) of
identical or different insulating materials, which can be adhered
directly to one another or with one or several layers of
separation (3.2), for example plywood, acting as a structural
reinforcement, as in the embodiment of Figure 7.
The intermediate core (3) can also be provided with one or
more through holes (8) going through it vertically or
longitudinally according to the placement position of the block
when erecting the constructions of application, as in the
embodiment of Figure 9; or with open gaps (9) on the edges, as in
the embodiment of Figure 10; to include through said holes (8) or
through said gaps (9), reinforcement strips for reinforcing the
constructions of application or for forming reinforced concrete
joists or posts inside the blocks in the constructions of
application.
Likewise, the intermediate core (3) can be formed by
individual sections, gaps (10) being located between the outer
plates (1 and 2), as in the embodiment of Figure 11; and the
intermediate core (3) can also be arranged leaving a wide gap (11)
between the outer plates (1 and 2) that is longitudinal or
vertical according to the placement position of the block in the
constructions of application, as in the embodiments of Figures 12,
13 and 14, which allows forming wood or reinforced concrete beams
or pillars inside the blocks through said gaps (10 and 11) in the
constructions of application using the blocks themselves as
permanent formwork.
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In those embodiments of using the blocks as a permanent
formwork to form reinforced concrete beams or pillars, for the
assembly of the constructions of application to have the strength
necessary to withstand the expansive forces of the concrete in the
gaps (10 and 11), the outer plates (1 and 2) of the blocks are
envisaged with tongue and groove formations (12) on the edges, as
seen in Figures 11, 13 and 14.
In any case, the dimensions of the block can vary in length,
height and thickness up to maximum dimensions that are determined
by ease of handling, since the block according to the invention is
envisaged as an element that can be handled manually with ease by
a single operator, and not as a large-sized panel that would not
allow that ease of handling.
Likewise, the block can have different configurations in its
general shape, complying with the structural formation
characteristics according to the invention, with two outer plates
(1 and 2) of identical or different materials and an intermediate
core (3) formed by one or several layers of identical or different
insulating materials; even being able to define angular shapes, as
seen in the example of Figure 15, for the continuous construction
of walls or partitions with corner joints.
