Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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SOLAR ENERGY AND EXTERNAL SOURCE STEAM COMPLEMENTARY
POWER GENERATION APPARATUS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The invention relates to a power generation system using clean energy,
and more
particularly to a solar and external steam hybrid power generation system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] With the decrease of reserves of traditional fossil fuels (coal, oil,
natural gas), it
has been a focus of widespread concern to look for a clean and renewable
energy.
Additionally, as environmental pollutions caused by use of fossil energy
directly threatens
human survival and development, it has become a worldwide consensus to
emphasize and
develop a clean and renewable energy and to decrease the emission of SO2 and
CO2.
Solar energy is advantageous in its wide distribution, unlimited reserves,
clean collection
and utilization, and zero emission of SO2 and CO2. However, a large-scale
development
and utilization of concentrating solar power (CSP) have been largely
restricted for a long
time due to problems such as decentralization of the solar energy, strong
dependence on
weather, and instability and discontinuity of the thermal concentration. In
modem
large-scale industrial production, a large amount of waste steam byproduct is
produced,
which has a very low utilization ratio. Thus, how to combine the waste steam
with the
CSP is an urgent problem to be solved for researchers in the technical field.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
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[0003] In view of the above-described problems, it is one objective of the
invention to
provide a solar and external steam hybrid power generation system that can
fully utilize
waste heat produced by large-scale industrial production to overcome the
shortcomings of
conventional solar thermal power plants such as the dependence on weather and
unstable
and discontinuous thermal concentration.
[0004] To achieve the above objective, in accordance with one embodiment of
the
invention, there is provided a solar and external steam hybrid power
generation system,
comprising a solar steam generator, an external steam regulator, a turboset,
and a power
generator coupled to the turboset. A steam outlet end of the solar steam
generator is
connected to a high pressure steam inlet of the turboset via a first
regulating valve. A
steam outlet end of the external steam regulator is also connected to the high
pressure
steam inletof the turboset via a second regulating valve and a second switch
valve. A low
pressure steam outlet of the turboset is connected to an input end of a
condenser, and an
output end of the condenser is connected to an input end of a deaerator. An
output end of
the deaerator is connected to an input end of a water feed pump. An output end
of the
water feed pump is connected to a circulating water input end of the solar
steam generator
via a first switch valve. The output end of the water feed pump is further
connected to a
water-return bypass of the external steam via a fourth switch valve whereby
forming a
circulation loop for the work of the external steam. The external steam
regulator is
configured to adjust the working conditions of the external steam so that the
pressure and
temperature of the external steam can meet the operating requirements of the
turboset.
Based on different working conditions, the external stem regulator is a
temperature-decreased pressure reducer or a heat booster. The deaerator is
configured to
remove oxygen in the circulating water thereby preventing devices and pipes
from
oxidation and corrosion.
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[0005] Preferably, the system further comprises a soft water storage tank. A
water outlet
of the soft water storage tank is connected a water inlet of the deaerator via
a water
supply pump, and a first pipe connecting the water outlet of the soft water
storage tank
and the water inlet of the deaerator is provided with a third regulating valve
and a third
switch valve. Consequently, a storage and replenishment system for the
circulating water
of the solar steam generator is constituted. The soft water storage tank is
configured to
store soft water prepared by a chemical water treatment device where the
calcium and
magnesium ions are removed, which can effectively prevent the internal
fouling. The
third regulating valve and the third switch valve control the supply and the
flow rate of
the soft water to supplement the circulating water according to actual loss.
[0006] Preferably, a second pipe close to the high pressure steam inlet of the
turboset is
provided with a pressure manometer and a thermometer. The arrangement of the
pressure
manometer and the thermometer is beneficial to the control of the pressure and
temperature of the steam introduced to the turboset thereby meeting the
operating
requirements of the turboset
[0007] As a first improvement of the invention, the solar steam generator
comprises an
overhead solar boiler and a plurality of heliostats matching therewith; an
output end of a
heat pipe of the overhead solar boiler is connected to the high pressure steam
inlet of the
turboset via the first regulating valve; and an input end of the heat pipe of
the overhead
solar boiler is connected to the output end of the water feed pump via the
first switch
valve. The thermal medium in the overhead solar boiler is water, no heat
exchanger is
involved, and the water is directly vaporized to yield high temperature and
high pressure
steam to drive the turboset. Thus, the power generation system has a simple
structure and
low production costs.
[0008] As a second improvement of the invention, the solar steam generator
comprises an
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overhead solar boiler and a plurality of heliostats matching therewith; an
output end of a
heat pipe of the overhead solar boiler is connected to a thermal medium inlet
of a
regenerative heat exchanger via a fifth switch valve, and a thermal medium
outlet of the
regenerative heat exchanger is connected to an input end of the heat pipe of
the overhead
solar boiler via a heat pump; a steam outlet of the regenerative heat
exchanger is
connected to the high pressure steam inlet of the turboset via the first
regulating valve;
and a circulating water inlet of the regenerative heat exchanger is connected
to the output
end of the water feed pump via the first switch valve. The overhead soar
boiler employs
high temperature heat conduction oil as the thermal medium, such as heavy oil,
paraffin,
molten salts, liquid, or other known thermally conductive liquid mixture. For
example,
the heating temperature of a mixture of biphenyl and diphenyl oxide can reach
400 C.
The high temperature thennal medium absorbs the solar energy and passes the
thermal
energy on to the water by means of the regenerative heat exchanger. The water
is
vaporized to yield high temperature and high pressure steam to drive the
turboset to work
stably, safely, and reliably.
(0009] As a third improvement of the invention, the solar steam generator
comprises a
plurality of solar vacuum heat pipes and a plurality of trough type parabolic
reflectors
matching therewith; output ends of the solar vacuum heat pipes are connected
to the high
pressure steam inletof the turboset via the first regulating valve; and input
ends of the
solar vacuum heat pipes are connected to the output end of the water feed pump
via the
first switch valve. The thermal medium in the overhead solar boiler is water,
no heat
exchanger is involved, and the water is directly vaporized to yield high
temperature and
high pressure steam to drive the turboset. Thus, the power generation system
has a simple
structure and low production costs.
[0010] As a fourth improvement of the invention, the solar steam generator
comprises a
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plurality of solar vacuum heat pipes and a plurality of trough type parabolic
reflectors
matching therewith; output ends of solar vacuum heat pipes are connected to a
thermal
medium inlet of a regenerative heat exchanger via a fifth switch valve, and a
thermal
medium outlet of the regenerative heat exchanger is connected to input ends of
the solar
vacuum heat pipes via a heat pump; a steam outlet of the regenerative heat
exchanger is
connected to the high pressure steam inletof the turboset via the first
regulating valve;
and a circulating water inlet of the regenerative heat exchanger is connected
to the output
end of the water feed pump via the first switch valve. The overhead soar
boiler employs
high temperature heat conduction oil as the thermal medium, such as heavy oil,
paraffin,
molten salts, liquid, or other known thermally conductive liquid mixture. For
example,
the heating temperature of a mixture of biphenyl and diphenyl oxide passes the
thermal
energy on to the water by means of the regenerative heat exchanger. The water
is
vaporized to yield high temperature and high pressure steam to drive the
turboset to work
stably, safely, and reliably.
[0011] Working principle of the solar and external steam hybrid power
generation system
is described as follows. In daytimes when the sunlight is abundant, the second
switch
valve and the fourth switch valve are close, the first switch valve is open,
and the solar
steam generator operates to yield a high temperature and high pressure steam.
The high
temperature and high pressure steam is regulated by the first regulating valve
to reach a
rated pressure and a rated temperature, and transported to the turboset to do
work for
generating power. Steam after doing work is cooled by the condenser to form
normal
pressure and low temperature water which is transported to the deaerator for
removal of
the dissolved oxygen and then =sported back to the solar steam generator via
the water
feed pump and the first switch valve for a next circulation. When the
circulating water is
required to be supplied, the third switch valve is open, and the soft water
stored in the soft
water storage tank is sucked by the water supply pump and is transported to
the deaerator.
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The flow rate of the circulating water is regulated by the third regulating
valve.
[0012] In night or rainy and cloudy days, the first switch valve is close, the
first
regulating valve stays at zero positions, the second switch valve and the
fourth switch
valve are open, and thus the external steam is introduced. The waste steam
from
large-scale industrial production is regulated by the external steam regulator
and the
second regulating valve to reach the rated pressure and rated temperature, and
then
transported to the turboset via the second switch valve to do work. The steam
after doing
work is cooled by the condenser to form normal pressure and low temperature
water
which is transported to the deaerator for removal of the dissolved oxygen and
then
transported back to the water-return bypass of the external steam via the
water feed pump
and the fourth switch valve whereby achieving the do-work circulation of the
external
steam.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, advantages of the invention are summarized
as
follows: the steam power of the designed power generation system comes from
the clean
and renewable power energy as well as the waste steam of the modem large-scale
industrial byproduct. Compared with the power generation using the
conventional fossil
energy, not only is the emission of the SO2 and CO2 polluting the atmosphere
avoided but
also the waste heat resource is fully collected and utilized. Besides, the
influence of
fluctuation of the climate on the solar energy is alleviated. Thus, whenever
day and night
and whenever sunny day and cloudy day, the turbo set is capable of stably
running for
power generation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] F10. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar and external steam hybrid
power
generation system according to Example 1 of the invention, in which, an
overhead solar
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boiler matching heliostats directly supplies steam for a turboset;
100151 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a solar and external steam hybrid
power
generation system according to Example 2 of the invention, in which, an
overhead solar
boiler matching heliostats indirectly supplies steam for a turboset through
heat exchange;
[0016] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a solar and external steam hybrid
power
generation system according to Example 3 of the invention, in which, solar
vacuum heat
pipes matching trough type parabolic reflectors directly supplies steam for a
turboset; and
[0017] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a solar and external steam hybrid
power
generation system according to Example 4 of the invention, in which, solar
vacuum heat
pipes matching trough type parabolic reflectors indirectly supplies steam for
a turboset
through heat exchange.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0018] For further illustrating the invention, experiments detailing a solar
and external
steam hybrid power generation system are described below. It should be noted
that the
following examples are intended to describe and not to limit the invention.
Example 1
[0019] As shown in FIG. 1, a solar and external steam hybrid power generation
system
primarily comprises: a solar steam generator, an external steam regulator 15,
a turboset 2,
and a power generator 1 coupled to the turboset 2, a condenser 5, a deaerator
6, a water
feed pump 7, a soft water storage tank 9, and a water supply pump 8, which are
assembled by pipes and valves. The valves comprise a first switch valve 16, a
second
switch valve 19, a third switch valve 21, a fourth switch valve 23, and a
fifth switch valve
17 for controlling connection and disconnection of the pipes, and a first
regulating valve
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therein, and transported and stored in the soft water storage tank 9. When
water is
required to be supplied, soft water is sucked by the water supply pump 8, a
flow rate of
the soft water is then regulated by the third regulating valve 22, and the
soft water is
transported to the deaerator 6 for supplementing the water loss.
[0028] At night or in rainy and cloudy days, the first switch valve 16, the
third switch
valve 21, and the fifth valve 17 are close, the first regulating valve 18 and
the third
regulating valve 22 stay at zero positions, the second switch valve 19 and the
fourth
switch valve 23 are open, and the system runs at the external steam power
generation
state. An external waste steam is introduced to the external steam regulator
15 for
decreasing pressure and temperature or increasing pressure and temperature
according to
practical working condition of the waste steam, then fine regulated by the
second
regulating valve to reach the rated pressure and rated temperature, and
transported to the
turboset 2 to do work. The steam after doing work is cooled by the condenser 5
to form
normal pressure and low temperature water at approximately 40 C which is
transported to
the deaerator 6 for removal of the dissolved oxygen and then transported back
to the
external waste steam source via the water feed pump 7 and the water-retum
bypass 11 of
the external steam or transported and stored in the soft water storage tank 9.
Example 3
[0029] As shown in FIG. 3, a structure of a solar and external steam hybrid
power
generation system is basically the same as that shown in FIG. 1 except for
some slight
variations that the solar steam generator comprises a plurality of solar
vacuum heat pipes
13' and a plurality of trough type parabolic reflectors 14' matching
therewith. Output
ends of the solar vacuum heat pipes 13' are connected to the high pressure
steam inlet 3
of the turboset 2 via the fifth switch valve 17 and the first regulating valve
18. Input ends
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of the solar vacuum heat pipes 13' are connected to the output end of the
water feed pump
7 via the first switch valve 16. Working processes of the two solar and
external steam
hybrid power generation systems are basically the same, so that it will not be
repeatedly
illustrated herein.
Example 4
[0030] As shown in FIG. 4, a structure of a solar and external steam hybrid
power
generation system is basically the same as that shown in FIG. 2 except for
some slight
variations that the solar steam generator comprises a plurality of solar
vacuum heat pipes
13' and a plurality of trough type parabolic reflectors 14' matching
therewith. Output
ends of solar vacuum heat pipes 13' are connected to a thermal medium inlet of
a
regenerative heat exchanger 12 via a fifth switch valve 17. A thermal medium
outlet of
the regenerative heat exchanger 12 is connected to input ends of the solar
vacuum heat
pipes 13' via a heat pump 10. A steam outlet of the regenerative heat
exchanger 12 is
connected to the high pressure steam inlet 3 of the turbo set 2 via the first
regulating valve
18. A circulating water inlet of the regenerative heat exchanger 12 is
connected to the
output end of the water feed pump 7 via the first switch valve 16. Working
processes of
the two solar and external steam hybrid power generation systems are basically
the same,
so that it will not be repeatedly illustrated herein.
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