Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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TITLE OF THE INVENTION
IMPLEMENT HAVING A REACTION AND DELIVERY SYSTEM
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[01] This is a divisional of Canadian National Phase Patent
Application
Serial No. 2,715,153 filed on May 6, 2008.
[01a] The present invention pertains to a reaction and delivery
implement. In
particular the implement may be a brush configured to facilitate reaction of a
plurality of
initial substances and further configured to deliver the substance resulting
from the reaction to
a desired receiving surface.
[02] Various delivery implements including various brushes are known.
Brushes are
commonly used for application of a substance to any of a number of surfaces.
For example,
brushes such as toothbrushes are used in oral care to clean food particles
from teeth and to
apply toothpaste and other oral care substances to the surface of the teeth.
Brushes are also
used in home care applications such as painting or staining of various
surfaces. Brushes may
also be used for application of cosmetics especially in application of certain
makeup and other
substances to the skin of users, and the face in particular.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[03] Some aspects of the present invention pertain to an implement
having a
chemical delivery system.
[04] In one embodiment, a reaction and delivery implement includes a handle
configured for user manipulation, a head having a plurality of agent housing
regions, the first
agent housing region for retaining a first agent and the second agent housing
region for
retaining a second agent. The head is configured to facilitate both prevention
of intermixing
of the first and second agents in a storage position/mode as well as reaction
of the first and
second agents through intermixing in a delivery position/mode so as to produce
and apply a
third agent when in the delivery position.
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[05] In another embodiment, the aforementioned reaction and delivery
implement is
a toothbrush. Among the agents contemplated are acids, bases, peroxides,
fluorides,
antimicrobial agents, flavors as well as various medicaments, whiteners, and
flavors or
coloring. The first and second agent housing regions may be formed as a number
of housing
structures including containment structures, capsules, cleaning elements,
bristles etc.
[06] In yet another embodiment, a motorized toothbrush implementing the
aforementioned reaction and delivery mechanism is described. The motorized
toothbrush
may be configured to move rectilinearly, rotate, oscillate, vibrate or spin.
[07] In another embodiment, a brush, other than a toothbrush, configured to
facilitate application and delivery of a resulting agent to certain specific
surfaces is described.
[07a] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is
provided a
toothbrush, comprising: a handle configured for user manipulation; and a head
having a first
capsule for retaining a first agent and a second capsule for retaining a
second agent, the first
and second agents being different, wherein the head includes a plurality of
cleaning elements
having an alignment and placement between and surrounding each of the first
and second
capsules that prevents intermixing of the first and second agents in a storage
mode, and that
facilitates intermixing of the first and second agents so as to produce and
apply a third agent
to a surface during use of the toothbrush, wherein a puncture assisting
structure is built into
the head of the toothbrush underneath the first and second capsules.
[07b] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is
provided a brush,
comprising: a handle configured for user manipulation; and a head having a
plurality of
housing regions, including a first housing region having a first agent and a
second housing
region for retaining a second agent, the first housing region being a region
of cleaning
elements having the first agent on the cleaning elements and the second
housing region being
a sealed structure surrounded by the region of cleaning elements, the first
and second agents
being different, wherein the head is configured to prevent intermixing of the
first and second
agents in a storage mode, and during use of the brush, the head enables
intermixing of the first
and second agents so as to produce and apply a third agent to a surface.
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[07c] According to still another aspect of the present invention,
there is provided a
motorized brush, comprising: a handle configured for user manipulation; and a
head having a
plurality of agent housing regions including a first region for retaining a
first agent on a first
moveable cleaning element and a second region for retaining a second agent on
a second
moveable cleaning element, the first and second movable cleaning elements
moving in
opposing direction, the first and second agents being different, wherein the
head is configured
to facilitate both prevention of intermixing of the first and second agents in
a storage position
as well as reaction of the first and second agents through intermixing in a
delivery position so
as to produce and apply a third agent to a contacted surface when in the
delivery position.
[07d] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is
provided a
toothbrush, comprising: a handle configured for user manipulation; and a head
containing a
plurality of cleaning elements, a first containment structure for retaining a
first agent, and a
second containment structure for retaining a second agent, the first and
second agents being
different, wherein the head is configured with a removable barrier that
separates the first and
second containment structures to prevent intermixing of the first and second
agents that are
housed on opposing sides of the removable barrier in a storage mode, and in a
delivery mode,
the barrier is removed to enable intermixing of the first and second agents so
as to produce
and apply a third agent to a surface, wherein the first and second containment
structures are
positioned as abutted and adjacent structures connected by a channel.
[07e] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is
provided a
toothbrush, comprising: a handle configured for user manipulation; and a head
having a first
housing region being a first plurality of cleaning elements for retaining a
first agent and a
second housing region being a second plurality of cleaning elements for
retaining a second
agent, the first and second agents being different, wherein the first and
second plurality of
cleaning elements are distinct to prevent intermixing of the first and second
agents in a storage
mode, and to facilitate intermixing of the first and second agents so as to
produce and apply a
third agent to a surface during use of the toothbrush wherein the first
plurality of cleaning
elements is housed on a first tuft plate and the second plurality of cleaning
elements is housed
on a second tuft plate, wherein the first and second tuft plates are removable
and replaceable
components that are distinct from the head.
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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[08] The features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent
from the
following more detailed description of certain embodiments of the invention
and as illustrated
in the accompanying drawings in which:
[09] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a toothbrush according to an
embodiment
of the invention;
[10] FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the head of the toothbrush shown
in FIG.
1;
[11] FIG. 3-10 are further front elevational views of further embodiments
of the
head of the toothbrush shown in FIG. 1;
[12] FIGS. 11-12 are perspective and top plan views respectively of a brush
including the reaction and delivery system illustratively described in FIGS. 1-
12.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[13] In the following description, the invention is discussed in terms of
an
implement with a reaction and delivery system and more particularly in the
form of a brush,
toothbrush or various oral care implements. However, the implement with a
reaction and
delivery system is also contemplated to take the form of any of various
specific embodiments
with the principles described herein.
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[14] The inventive aspects may illustratively be shown or described in the
form of a toothbrush (e.g. a form of an oral care implement) but could also be
in the
form of other personal care implements. For example, a toothbrush can be used
for
personal hygiene, such as oral care purposes. Alternatively, the reaction and
delivery implement may be utilized. It is understood that other embodiments
may
be utilized and structural and functional modifications may be made without
departing from the scope of the present invention.
[15] Figures 1-2 illustrate an oral care implement, such as a toothbrush,
generally designated with the reference numeral 100. The toothbrush 100
generally
includes a head 102 and a handle 103. The handle 103 is generally an elongated
member dimensioned so that a user can readily grip and manipulate the
toothbrush
100. The handle 103 may be formed of many different shapes, lengths and with a
variety of constructions. In one construction, the handle 103 has a neck
portion 105
positioned adjacent the head 101. The neck portion 105 may be a narrowed
region
on the handle 103 between head 101 and the part of the handle normally gripped
by
the user. Nevertheless, the neck portion 105 could be the region between the
head
101 and the part of the handle normally gripped by the user. In another
construction, the handle 103 is integrally formed with the head 101. Other
attachment configurations also are possible.
[16] In Figures 1-2, the head 102, includes and houses first and second agent
housing regions 120 and 130. First and second housing regions 120 and 130
generally are portions of an implement configured to house a plurality of
agents
distinct from one another in a first position or state and then facilitate
intermixing
and reaction of a first and second agent, for example, to form a third agent.
Because
certain effective agents, medicaments, anesthetics, antimicrobial agents,
polishes,
paints, whiteners, and other miscellaneous agents, substances and chemicals
lose
effectiveness over time, it is desirable to apply them fairly immediately
after their
formation. However, in many instances it is difficult or even impossible to
transport
the supply of core components and agents needed to form the desirable
effective
agent. According, an implement is desirable that can house core components in
a
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cost-effective manner and facilitate application of an effective agent formed
by
reacting or mixing of two or more initial agents.
[17] For example, in Fig. 2, a first agent is housed in the first agent
housing
region 120 within a sealed structure in the generally central region of the
toothbrush.
Various sealed structures may include structures manufactured coincident with
the
manufacture of toothbrush 100. The sealed structure may have various
mechanisms
for releasing the first agent. The sealed structure may include a wearable
exterior
surface or portion of an exterior surface so that it erodes due to mechanical
abrasion
during use of the toothbrush 100. Also, the seal structure may be formed of a
water-
soluble material to chemically erode in an oral cavity during use of the
toothbrush.
Accordingly, in one construction, an outer layer may include a water-soluble
polymer (such as polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, or polyvinyl
alcohol).
Other known, non-toxic polymers with a controllable water solubility that is
sufficient at bio-effective levels can be used as is known in the art.
[18] Depending on the desired use of the implement, the solubility of the
polymer used in the outer layer may be modified. For example, if the implement
is
desired to be a repeated use implement, materials with solubility low enough
so that
they dissolve out slowly over a period of many uses may be chosen.
Alternatively, if
the entire quantity of agent is desired for a particular reaction and/or if
the
implement is a single use implement, the solubility of materials is preferably
high.
While the solubility characteristics have been described in reference to the
oral cavity
and water, these principles are clearly contemplated in other contexts where
the
material housing the first agent can be degraded either by physical engagement
or
solubility in an environmental liquid, chemical or other environmental
characteristic.
For example, the sealed structure may be degraded when exposed to high
temperature, or a certain chemical or a structure with sharper edges such as a
tooth.
119] The medium containing the agent can be incorporated into a sealed
reservoir during manufacture of the toothbrush, in which case the toothbrush
can be
disposed of after the supply of the agent is exhausted. Alternatively, the
reservoir 11
can be refillable through an inlet (not shown), and/or can be replaceable,
e.g., by
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inserting a replaceable cartridge into a recess in the toothbrush. The
cartridge can be
spring-loaded to stay in place after insertion, and can have a seal to prevent
unwanted leakage of the agent.
[20] While the first agent housing region in the toothbrush of Figures 1-2 is
a sealed structure, the second agent housing region 130 is a region of
cleaning
elements. As shown, the head 101 may include an oral care region comprising
one or
more tooth cleaning elements 111. As used herein, the term "tooth cleaning
elements" or "cleaning elements" includes any type of structure that is
commonly
used or is suitable for use in providing oral health benefits (e.g., tooth
cleaning, tooth
polishing, tooth whitening, massaging, stimulating, etc.) by making contact
with
portions of the teeth and gums. Such tooth cleaning elements include but are
not
limited to tufts of bristles that can be formed to have a number of different
shapes
and sizes and elastomeric cleaning members that can be formed to have a number
of
different shapes and sizes, or a combination of both tufts of bristles and
elastomeric
cleaning members. While certain bristle configurations are illustratively
depicted, it
should be understood that any bristle configuration and any handle
configuration
can be used.
[21] In one construction, the one or more tooth cleaning elements 111 are
formed from a plurality of bristles. Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the tooth
cleaning
elements 111 form bristle regions that may have the same shape or may also
have
different shapes. However, it is understood that a number of different
configurations of oral care implements may be utilized. The one or more tooth
cleaning elements 111 may be attached to the head 101 by known methods, such
as
being fit within recesses formed in the head 101 along a front portion 107 of
the
toothbrush 100 (Figure 1 ez 2).
[22] Here, the cleaning elements 111 shown in the schematic of Figures 1-2
are of a material that facilitates housing an agent. These cleaning elements
may be of
a material with a tactile or sticky texture to hold the second agent or
alternatively the
cleaning elements may be formed with grooves, ledges, holes, hollows, or other
features and/or surface structure, shape or configuration that facilitate
housing of a
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powder, liquid, gel, or other forms of agent for eventual reaction with the
first agent
when the implement, here a toothbrush, is put into use.
[231 Figures 3 and 4 are further illustrative examples of a reaction and
delivery implement. Here, a capsule is utilized as one or more of the agent
housing
regions. In Figure 3 the toothbrush 100 is configured such that a removable
capsule
can be housed in the central region of the front portion 107 of the head 102.
In
accordance with the principles described herein, a first agent housing region
120
here is provided in the form of a capsule 120. The capsule may take many
specific
forms shapes, size, colors and textures. For example, the capsule may have
color of
specific draw or attention to children. Likewise, the capsule may be color
coded to
coincide with flavors such as red for strawberry or green for lime.
Additionally, the
capsule may be composed of an outer structure for housing medicaments and
numerous other reactive agents as is described herein. Capsules have good
traits of
mobility and typically will not rupture until ingested or purposefully
punctured.
Accordingly, the capsule may house various agents until the capsule is
punctured to
release its contents or until a liquid such as saliva or water causes the
outer shell or
membrane to dissolve or disintegrate. As shown in Figure 3, a second agent
housing
region 130 is a region of cleaning elements 111 that may be configured to hold
a
second agent. When a user contacts the head 102, and in particular the
bristles or
cleaning elements 111, to a user's teeth in the oral cavity, the capsule 120
may be
punctured. Additionally, further puncture assisting structure may be built
into the
head of the toothbrush specifically underneath the capsule housing region so
as to
facilitate and expedite puncture of the capsule upon contact or engagement.
1241 Either soon after puncture or dissolving of a portion of the capsule, the
first agent initially housed within the capsule 120 and the second agent
housed on
the cleaning elements 111 in the second agent housing region 130 are mixed and
reacted to form a third agent. Typical movements of the toothbrush 100 such as
a
typical brushing motion or gum massaging motion further intermix the two
agents
thereby facilitating reaction and delivery of the third agent or resultant as
desired.
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[25] Figure 4 also depicts a toothbrush 100 housing a capsule. In this
construction, two capsules are housed on the head 102. As shown in Figure 4,
broken lines have been used to identify the first and second agent housing
regions
120 and 130 respectively. Accordingly, each of the first and second housing
regions
120 and 130 in Figure 4 includes a capsule and a plurality of cleaning
elements
surrounding the capsule. As illustrated by the contrast in fill of the
schematic
capsules, each of the capsules in the first and second agent housing regions
120 and
130 contains a distinct agent. Intermixing and delivery of the agents
regarding the
illustrative embodiment of Figure 4 may be accomplished in a similar manner
and/or related manners as described with regard to Figure 3. Further, here the
placement and alignment of the bristles 111 between the capsules and
surrounding
the capsules facilitate intermixing and delivery as the bristles will bend and
sway
back and forth in normal use when contacted with a solid surface or structure
and
accordingly the agent from one capsule will be transferred to an area at or
near the
second capsule. Likewise, agent from the second capsule will be transferred to
an
area at or near the first capsule. Through the repeated motions of brushing or
cleaning or gumming or other related oral care activities, the first and
second agents
are thereby intermixed to create a third agent and the third agent is
delivered by
direct contact via the bristles or cleaning elements 111 or related structure
to a
location of desired delivery. As is appreciated by those of skill in the art,
various
bristle configurations, capsule arrangements and positioning and related
configurations are contemplated and may be utilized.
[26] In a further construction, Figure 5 illustrates a toothbrush 100 in which
the first and second agent housing regions are containment structures
separated by a
barrier 125 to prevent intermixing of the agents that are housed on opposing
sides of
the barrier. Each containment structure may be of any of a number of specific
structures. For example, the first agent housing region 120 may include a
containment structure 121 composed of a sponge like substance for housing a
first
agent while the second agent housing region 130 may include a containment
structure 131 formed of a variety of densely packed small bristles. Capsules,
pills
and other structures may be considered containment structures. Here, the first
and
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second agent housing regions are positioned as abutted and adjacent
structures.
They may either be integrally formed as part of the head 102 and/or toothbrush
100
or removable by various known mechanisms such as snap-on, slide or screw in
attachment.
[271 Because of the close proximity of the first and second agents in the
non-mixed or storage position, it may be desirable to separate these agents
with a
barrier. This barrier 125 may take any of a number of appearances or
configurations.
Among the illustrative embodiments contemplated is a soluble membrane or a
slide
away membrane akin to a sliding door. Accordingly, in a storage position or
mode,
the first and second agent housing regions 120 and 130 and their associated
containment structures 121 and 131 are held in distinct sections by the
barrier. In
operational use, the barrier 125 is either removed by a user prior to use of
the
toothbrush 100 or else incidentally removed during use either through
dissolving of
destruction of the membrane or else by incidental removal during use of the
toothbrush. The barrier 125, in place, allows two reactive agents to be housed
in
tight, small or close configurations without risking contamination well in
advance of
the desired intermixing to form a third agent and the associated delivery.
Further,
the barrier and proximal housing of the two agents facilitates a more
efficient use of
the first and second agents and is advantageous if one or more of the agents
is
expensive or may cause detrimental effects if a person ingests too large a
quantity.
Closer proximate housed agents facilitate more successful or efficient
intermixing
especially when reactions require fairly exact quantities of constituents or
when an
agent has limited quantities such as whitening components in cosmetic
applications
or medicaments in first aid treatment. As understood by one of skill in the
art,
containment structures such as those referenced and described with respect to
Figure 5 may be any of a number of structures beyond those specifically
described.
For example, capsules, wafer, gelatinous formations, or candy-type structures
that
dissolve over time, and recesses or depressions all may be considered
variations of
containment structures in any given embodiment or configuration.
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[28] Figures 6-8 illustrate a reaction and delivery implement in which the
substantial entirety of both the first and second agent housing regions 120,
130 are
made up of cleaning elements 111 such as bristles. To further facilitate
clarity and
understanding, the first agent housing region 120 is exclusively shown and
formed
by a cluster or grouping of illustratively darker shaded bristles while the
second
agent housing region is shown and formed by a illustratively lighter shaded
cluster
or grouping of lighter shaded bristles. It is understood that all of the
bristles
containing like shading contain a like agent (e.g., the first agent).
Accordingly,
Figure 6 illustrates an embodiment in which a first agent is housed on the top
half of
the head 102 within the first agent housing region 120 while a second distinct
agent
is housed on the lower half of the head 102 within the second agent housing
region
130. In certain applications, ready inteimixing is not desired as one or more
agents
may be volatile and thus prone to reaction prematurely if a more definitive
separation is not present. Additionally, in order to allow for low cost
implements to
be produced a more generic pattern of bristles such as shown in Figure 6 may
be
preferred to an embodiment in which the agents are more intermingled and thus
manufacturing may be more complex and costly.
[29] Figure 7 illustrates a configuration in which generally concentric rings
of bristles, each individually or collectively forming agent housing regions,
are
provided. By housing agents in concentric rings as shown, intermixing for
certain
applications may be improved due to the further significant dispersion of the
agent.
Accordingly, the agents may intermix more thoroughly and more quickly as
compared to a configuration in which 2 distinct regions share a single
boundary
such as that shown in Figure 6.
[30] Figure 8 illustrates a further embodiment of toothbrush 100 for reaction
and delivery of two agents. While somewhat similar in bristle configuration to
Figure 7, here bristles housing a first agent and second agent are provided in
two
distinct clusters in a storage state and until the toothbrush 100 is put in
use. Bristles
111 housing a first agent are again illustratively shown in darker shading
while
bristles housing a second agent are shown in lighter shading. Each of the
clusters of
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bristles in the toothbrush of Figure 8 is housed on a tuft plate 110. These
tuft plates
may integrally formed upon formation of the head or alternatively they may
distinct
components that in certain configurations are removeable and replaceable.
Thus, a
reusable toothbrush 100 may have a variety of tuft plates and bristle clusters
that
may be used in varying combinations. Further, the brush may in certain
instances be
packaged and sold as an oral implement with various refills or user selectable
agent
housing regions for use and replacement in the oral care implement, here a
toothbrush 100. The while clusters of bristles are shown as circular, other
shapes are
a possible.
[31] Figures 9-10 are heads 102 of a motorized toothbrush 100. In schematic
fashion, the arrows in both figures illustrate various contemplated manners of
motion. For example, the first and second agent housing regions 120, 130 may
be
rotated, spun or oscillated as is shown in Figure 9. Also, the first and
second agent
housing regions 120, 130 may also be moved in a more rectilinear fashion such
as
back and forth movement in opposing directions or back and forth while
vibrating.
These and other manners of movement are known to those skilled in the art and
may
be utilized here accordingly. This motorized movement further enhances the
reaction and mixing of the first and second agents as well as delivery of a
third agent
formed from the reaction. For example, motorized vibration or frictional
engagement of bristles with a first agent and a second agent may help expedite
or
help perfect mixing of the two agents due to the enhanced speed, force and
repetition of mixing.
[321 Figures 11 and 12 illustrate another oral care implement for reaction of
first and second agents and delivery of a third resulting agent formed from
the
reaction of the first and second agents as described above with respect to
Figures 1-
10. Here, the first agent housing region 120 is positioned in the central
region of a
brush while the second agent housing region 130 circumscribes the first agent
housing region 120. Here bristles 111 housing the agents form the agent
housing
regions 120, 130. In this particular configuration, the regions may be reacted
by
squeezing, bending, and/or rubbing the bristles. The bending of the bristles
and
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rubbing will release the agents housed within the respective regions 120, 130
and
allow for intermixing. The configuration of this brush is especially conducive
for
delivery of paints or whitening agents based upon its elongated bristles 111
extending from a collar 145 on the neck connected to the handle 103.
[33] While generally first, second and third agents have been referenced
throughout the application, it is understood and contemplated that a number of
reactions and first, second and third agents are specifically contemplated.
Further
reactions of first and second agents and subsequent delivery of the third
resulting
agent of agents not specifically listed herein is contemplated with the
principles
described herein. For illustrative purposes only below is a list of first,
second and
third agents respectively such that a first agent when reacted or combined
with the
second agent via any of the implements or like implements to those of Figs 1-
12 will
result in a third agent that may be delivered to a desired surface. Further
the order
of the first agent is merely illustrative as first and second agents may be
reversed.
Further, first and second agent housing region are terms used that may be
swapped
or reversed with the principles herein. Further, for clarity and ease of
explanation
the list of examples below is denoted as first agent "Or plus (+) second agent
"(2)"
equals third agent "(3)".
EXAMPLES
[34] First aid - The delivery of cyanoacrylates to open wounds to hasten
closure and to further cleanliness of wound is contemplated. Another
illustrative
example contemplated is the delivery of antimicrobial agents or medicaments to
external wounds to facilitate enhanced bacteriological cleanliness or healing.
[351 Surgery - The delivery of antimicrobial agents or medicaments inside
wounds or surgical openings to facilitate enhanced bacteriological cleanliness
or
healing is contemplated.
[36] Lubrication - The delivery of lubricants mechanical functions such as
automobiles, weaponry, etc., in civil, governmental or military applications
is
contemplated.
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[37] Adhesives - The delivery of adhesives to organic and inorganic
surfaces is contemplated.
[38] Cosmetics - The delivery of make-up, nail polish or cosmetic products
or attributes is contemplated.
[39] Paints - The delivery of paints and primers to small areas or surfaces Is
contemplated.
[40] Numerous other areas of use are contemplated with the principles,
examples and embodiments described and disclosed herein. Further, one of
ordinary skill in the art would recognize application of these principles in
various
other contexts and environments not specifically described herein.
[41] Below is a listing of some illustrative reactions contemplated for
accomplishment with the described implements: a) (1) a base + (2) an acid =
(3) a
neutral; b) (1) a base + (2) a curing agent = 3) epoxy resin; c) (1) Bisphenol
F + (2)
Epichchlorhydin = (3) diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (epoxy resin); d) (1)
Calcium
carbonate + (2) Hydrogen Peroxide = (3) Peroxide; e) (1) Water + (2) Hydrogen
Peroxide = (3) Peroxide; f) (1) Potassium Nitrate + (2) Stannous Fluoride =
(3)
Sensitivity agents; g) (1) Chlorhexadine + (2) Silica = (3) Antimicrobial
agents; h) (1)
Cetylpyridinium Chloride + (2) Silica = (3) Antimicrobial agents; i) (1)
Triclosan + (2)
Pryophosphate = (3) Antimicrobial agents; j) (1) First Flavor + (2) Second
Flavor -
(3) Third Flavor. For example, as shown above, various agents may be formed
that
are known for their whitening, cleaning, anti-microbial, taste or other
desirable
effects. The above list is merely illustrative and various other like or
similar
reactions are known to those of skill in the art.
[42] It will be understood that while the invention has been described in
conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, the foregoing description and
examples are intended to illustrate, but not limit the scope of the invention.
Other
aspects, advantages and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the
art to
which the invention pertains, and these aspects and modifications are within
the
scope of the invention and described and claimed herein.
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