Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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SPECIFICATION
COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS FOR BUILDING OF MULTI-STORY
MODULAR CONSTRUCTIONS
TECHNICAL FIELD
Present invention is related to construction elements made of composite
materials and
modular constructions manufactured by using said construction elements.
PRIOR ART
In the construction sector, brick and steel based constructions are used
commonly. Today,
multi-story constructions of living spaces are constructed by using concrete
and different
types of bricks. First of all, ground concrete is poured, columns are built on
the area where
wall will be built, and after the concrete of upper floor is poured, walls
between columns are
built with the help of bricks.
Said materials have disadvantages in terms of cost, labor and quality. In the
past, bricks
were made of clay and soil derivatives and they are still being used today.
However, they
are mostly superseded by gas concrete bricks today because they are heavy and
don't
provide good sound and heat insulation. Besides, bricks which are made of clay
and soil
derivatives, by their nature, get humid and reflect this humidity on the
plaster from time to
time. Due to their heavy structure, they also cause extra load on the beams
and columns
during construction and reduce the life of building. Gas concrete bricks keep
the buildings
cool in summers and hot in winters. But they are not preferred because they
cost more
than the other bricks. Besides, even though gas concrete bricks are more
strong compared
to the bricks made of clay and soil derivatives, their mechanical strength is
not so high.
When building a wall with bricks made of gas concrete, bricks should be cut or
broken into
pieces in the corner joints etc. Due to this reason, a need for extra labor
rises during
construction. Building of concrete and steel based constructions is completed
in a long
time and at a high cost.
Due to the abovementioned reasons, there is a need for construction elements
made of
alternative materials which will replace concrete or steel those are bearing
elements of the
building and, constructions which can be mass produced with such construction
elements,
in construction sector.
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In the English patent numbered GB2443630, construction method which includes
obtaining
the base plate is described. Base plate is connected on the surface of base by
using
multiple bonding materials passed through the pre-specified holes. This
doesn't provide a
solution for multi-layered structures.
Patent with the application number 2011/03899 is related to construction
elements made of
composite materials and modular constructions manufactured by using said
construction
elements. Building like constructions can be constructed via said technique
and very
serially and at low costs, but this technique doesn't bring a solution for
multi-story
buildings.
In the patent with application number 2011/09140, composite construction
elements are
described for the building of multi-story modular constructions.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is related to a new composite mezzanine floor bonding
adapter
aimed at eliminating the abovementioned disadvantages and bringing new
advantages to
the relevant technical field.
Main objective of the invention is to provide composite mezzanine floor
bonding adapters
which form a connection between mezzanine floor panels and walls, and multi-
story
constructions produced with these mezzanine floor bonding adapters, by
reducing the
labor, mistakes that may arise from labor and increasing the strength.
In order to perform all of the abovementioned objectives and the objectives
which are to be
deducted from the detailed description below, the present invention is related
to a
construction element which is made of composite material and used to form
multi-story
constructions by connecting at least one floor panel which has a connection
niche on its
lateral surface and a wall brick which forms a wall and has at least one
integral connection
element. As an innovation; it includes a body made of composite material which
includes at
least one type of fiber and at least one type of resin, at least one
connection element which
is integral with the body so that it enables the body to be connected to the
connection
element of wall brick, and at least one connection niche configured so that it
connects to
the connection niche of floor panel.
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In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it contains
at least one
positioning niche located on the corner of body.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it contains a
profile
bearing defined by bringing two bodies side by side so that two positioning
niches are
opposite to each other. Therefore, profile can be located so as to prevent
collapse of the
floor panels.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, profile
housing is
configured so that the end part of a profile is shrink fit. Therefore,
collapse of the floor
panels is prevented.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, connection
element
provided on the body has a connection extension.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it contains a
wall
connection part where at least one connection extension is provided and which
is located
on the insert of the brick wall. Thus, connection of the bonding adapter with
wall is enabled.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it contains
at least one
insert which is provided on the bottom of the wall connection part and where
connection
extension of the brick wall is located.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it contains a
panel
connection part which has a lateral surface where connection niche is
provided. Thus,
connection of the bonding adapter with floor panel is enabled.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, connection
niche is
structured in the form of a wedge with a trapezoidal section whose short side
faces
outwards. Thus, building gets strong against the forces applied on it.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it contains a
single
bonding adapter on the body where panel connection part is provided on the
single part of
wall connection part longitudinally. Thus, bonding adapter can be used between
a room
and a place without a ceiling.
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In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it contains a
double
bonding adapter on the body where panel connection part is provided on both
parts of the
wall connection part longitudinally. Thus, bonding adapter can be used between
two
rooms.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it is made of
a composite
material which contains at least one type of fiber at a ratio of 25-33% in
order to provide
strength, at least one type of mineral powder as a filler at a ratio of 40-
50%, at least one
type of resin at a ratio of 20-25% as the item bonding the fiber with filler
and at least one
chemical additive at a ratio of 5-8%.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it contains
vinyl ester
resin as the resin and carbon-fiber as the fiber in order to possess
mechanical properties of
the ST 50 steel and above.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it contains
orthophthalic
resin as the resin and glass-fiber as the fiber in order to possess mechanical
properties of
steels between ST 33 and ST 42.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it contains
isophthalic
resin as the resin and aramid-fiber as the fiber in order to possess
mechanical properties of
steels between ST 42 and ST 50.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it contains
at least one
type of mineral powder as a filler, selected from a mineral group which
contains silica,
barite, talcum and calcite.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, as a chemical
additive, it
contains at least one of the chemicals which increase water absorption and
resistance to
flame and abrasion, and optionally, thermoplastic material at a pre-specified
ratio so as to
enhance the surface appearance.
Present invention is also related to a floor panel with at least one
connection niche
provided on the lateral face and characterized by including at least one
profile bearing so
that it defines a profile. Therefore, profile can be passed through the bottom
of floor panel.
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In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, profile
bearing is
constituted by bringing two floor panels side by side so that two profile
bearings are
opposite to each other. Therefore, collapse of the floor panel is prevented by
running a
profile through the point where two floor panels join together.
5
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it is made of
a composite
material which contains at least one type of fiber at a ratio of 25-33% in
order to provide
strength, at least one type of mineral powder as a filler at a ratio of 40-
50%, at least one
type of resin at a ratio of 20-25% as the item bonding the fiber with filler
and at least one
chemical additive at a ratio of 5-8%.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it contains
vinyl ester
resin as the resin and carbon-fiber as the fiber in order to possess
mechanical properties of
the ST 50 steel and above.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it contains
orthophthalic
resin as the resin and glass-fiber as the fiber in order to possess mechanical
properties of
steels between ST 33 and ST 42.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it contains
isophthalic
resin as the resin and aramid-fiber as the fiber in order to possess
mechanical properties of
steels between ST 42 and ST 50.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it contains
at least one
type of mineral powder as a filler, selected from a mineral group which
contains silica,
barite, talcum and calcite.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, as a chemical
additive, it
contains at least one of the chemicals which increase water absorption and
resistance to
flame and abrasion, and optionally, thermoplastic material at a pre-specified
ratio so as to
enhance the surface appearance.
Present invention is also related to a multi-story construction which has
multiple wall bricks
connected to each other in order to form the walls and floor panels in order
to form floor
bases. As an innovation;
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it includes a body made of composite material which includes at least one type
of fiber and
at least one type of resin, at least one connection element which is integral
with the body
so that it enables the body to be connected to the connection element of wall
brick, and a
bonding adapter which has at least one connection niche configured so that it
connects to
the connection niche of floor panel, as a construction element which enables
connection
between the wall and mezzanine floor; at least one floor panel which is
provided after the
profile bearing of bonding adapter and has at least one profile bearing which
defines a
profile, as a floor panel.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, bonding
adapter contains
at least one positioning niche located on the corner of body.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, bonding
adapter contains
a profile bearing formed by two positioning niches when two bodies are brought
side by
side.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, bonding
adapter has a
connection extension as the connection element provided on the body.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, bonding
adapter contains
a wall connection part on which connection extension is provided.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, bonding
adapter contains
at least one insert at the bottom of wall connection part.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, bonding
adapter contains
a panel connection part which has a lateral surface where connection niche is
provided.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, bonding
adapter is a
single bonding adapter on the body where panel connection part is provided on
the single
part of wall connection part longitudinally.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, bonding
adapter is a
double bonding adapter on the body where panel connection part is provided on
both parts
of the wall connection part longitudinally.
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In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, profile
bearing of the floor
panel is constituted by bringing two floor panels side by side so that two
profile bearings
are opposite to each other.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it contains a
profile that is
passed through the profile bearing of floor panel and shrunk fit in the
profile bearing of
bonding adapter.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, wall brick
contains at
least one insert in the lower part where connection extension of bonding
adapter will be
located, and at least one connection extension on the upper part, which will
be located in
the insert of the bonding adapter.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, wall brick
contains a wall
connection channel and a wall connection extension which connects adjacent
wall brick
with wall connection channel. Thus, connection of wall bricks with each other
is
strengthened.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, wall brick is
a linear wall
brick so as to enable building of the wall.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, wall brick is
a T type wall
brick which enables division of the rooms.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, wall brick is
an L type wall
brick which enables construction of corners.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, bonding
adapter and floor
panel are made of a composite material which contains at least one type of
fiber at a ratio
of 25-33% in order to provide strength, at least one type of mineral powder as
a filler at a
ratio of 40-50%, at least one type of resin at a ratio of 20-25% as the item
bonding the fiber
with filler and at least one chemical additive at a ratio of 5-8%.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it contains
vinyl ester
resin as the resin and carbon-fiber as the fiber in order to possess
mechanical properties of
the ST 50 steel and above.
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In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it contains
orthophthalic
resin as the resin and glass-fiber as the fiber in order to possess mechanical
properties of
steels between ST 33 and ST 42.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it contains
isophthalic
resin as the resin and aramid-fiber as the fiber in order to possess
mechanical properties of
steels between ST 42 and ST 50.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, it contains
at least one
type of mineral powder as a filler, selected from a mineral group which
contains silica,
barite, talcum and calcite.
In another preferred embodiment of the subject matter invention, as a chemical
additive, it
contains at least one of the chemicals which increase water absorption and
resistance to
flame and abrasion, and optionally, thermoplastic material at a pre-specified
ratio so as to
enhance the surface appearance.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
In Figure la, a general view of subject invention single bonding adapter is
given from
above.
In Figure 1 b, a general view of subject invention single bonding adapter is
given from
below.
In Figure 2a, a general view of subject invention double bonding adapter is
given from
above.
In Figure 2b, a general view of subject invention double bonding adapter is
given from
below.
In Figure 3a, a perspective view of floor panel on which subject invention
bonding adapter
will be connected is given.
In Figure 3b, a view of connection of floor panels with each other is given.
In Figure 4a and 4b, layout of profile on the bonding adapter and floor panel
is given.
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In Figure 5, a view of connection of floor pieces with each other is given.
In Figure 6a and 6b, views regarding wall adapters where wall bricks will be
connected are
given.
In Figure 6c and 6d, a symbolic view of wall adapters connected with each
other is given.
In Figure 7a, 7b and 7c, views regarding wall bricks are given.
In Figure 7d, a view regarding laying of T type wall bricks is given.
In Figure 7e, a view regarding laying of L type wall bricks is given.
In Figure 8a, a perspective view of roof profile is given.
In Figure 8b and 8c, a perspective view of roof connection adapter is given.
In Figure 8d, a perspective view of eaves adapter is given.
In Figure 8e, a perspective view of roof cladding is given.
In Figure 8f, a perspective view of roof truss is given.
In Figure 9, a symbolic view of multi-story building constructed with subject
invention
bonding adapters and other construction elements is given.
In Figure 10, a symbolic view of adaptation of roof on a building is given.
REFERENCE NUMBERS GIVEN IN FIGURES
10 Single bonding adapter
11 Body
12 Wall connection part
121 Connection extension
122 Clearance
123 Insert
13 Panel connection part
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131 Lateral surface
132 Connection niches
133 Positioning niche
134 Profile bearing
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Double bonding adapter
21 Body
22 Wall connection part
221 Connection extension
10 222 Clearance
223 Insert
23 Panel connection part
231 Lateral surface
232 Connection niches
15 233 Positioning niche
234 Profile bearing
Floor panel
31 Lateral surface
20 32 Connection niche
33 Insert
34 Profile bearing
Profile bearing
25 40 Connection element
50 Floor
51 Floor pieces
511 Connection niches
30 512 Insert
513 Connection element
60 Wall adapter
60a Wall adapter
35 60b Wall adapter
60c Wall adapter
61 Body
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62 Connection extension
63 Connection niche
64 Insert
65 Connection element
70 Wall brick
70a Wall brick
70b Wall brick
70c Wall brick
71 Body
72 Connection extension
73 Insert
74 Wall connection channel
75 Wall connection extension
80 Profile
90 Roof profile
91 Body
92 Connection extension
93 Insert
100 Roof bonding adapter
100a Roof bonding adapter
100b Roof bonding adapter
101 Support part
110 Eaves adapter
111 Upper bearing
112 Lower bearing
120 Cover piece
130 Roof cladding
1301 Valley
1302 Connection part
1303 Mounting holes
140 Valley
150 Support base
160 Roof truss
170 Purlin
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In this detailed description, the subject matter invention is explained with
references to
examples without forming any restrictive effect in order to make the subject
more
understandable.
Referring to Figure la and 1 b; single bonding adapter (10) consists of a body
(11) and a
wall connection part (12) configured on the longitudinal side of the body
(11). Other part of
the body (11) is panel connection part (13). There are connection niches (132)
on the
lateral surfaces (131) which face the floor panel (30) to be connected to
panel connection
parts (13). Wall connection part (12) consists of multiple connection
extensions (121) on
the upper part, which are provided one after each other horizontally with a
space in-
between and extend upwards. Wall connection part (12) has inserts (123) on the
bottom.
There are positioning niches (133) provided on two corners of the panel
connection part
(13). Single bonding adapter (10) connects to a floor panel (30) on the single
side and
may be used on the parts of a building which face outwards. In the preferred
embodiments,
insert (not shown in the figure) may be used instead of the connection
extension (121)
depending on the corresponding construction element.
Referring to Figure 2a and 2b; double bonding adapter (20) consists of a body
(21) and a
wall connection part (22) structured in the middle of the body (21). When wall
connection
part (22) divides the body (21) longitudinally from the middle, two sides on
the right and left
of the wall connection part (22) constitute the panel connection parts (23).
There are
connection niches (232) on the lateral surfaces (231) which face the floor
panel (30) to be
connected to panel connection parts (23). Said connection niches (132, 232)
have a part
with section which widens from outside to inside. Connection niches (132, 232)
have a
trapezoidal section whose short side faces outwards and this form resembles
the wedge
form in the relevant technical field. Wall connection part (22) consists of
multiple
connection extensions (221) on the upper part, which are provided one after
each other
horizontally with a space in-between and extend upwards. Wall connection part
(22) has
inserts (223) on the bottom. There are positioning niches (233) provided on
the corners of
the panel connection part (23). Connection extensions (121, 221) have a hollow
box like
shape so that they define a clearance (122, 222). This form both increases the
strength of
bonding adapters (10, 20) and provides sound and heat insulation against
outdoor
environment without the need for extra insulation. Besides, components such as
electrics,
telephone cables or sanitary pipework of a building may be passed through said
clearances (122, 222) and this will be an advantage which quickens the
building period.
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Referring to Figure 4a and 4b; when two bonding adapters (10, 20) are brought
side by
side, two positioning niches (133, 233) also come side by side facing each
other and form
a profile bearing (134, 234). In Figure 4a and 4b, the profile (80) to be
shrink fit in the
profile housing (134, 234) is seen. For the insert (123, 223) and connection
extension (121,
221); the term, connection element (123, 223, 121, 221), is used generally.
In Figure 3a and 3b; floor panels (30) connected to each other to be used as a
mezzanine
floor have connection niches (32) on the lateral surfaces (31) and when a
floor panel (30)
or bonding adapter (10, 20) is located opposite them, connection niches (32,
132, 232)
form an insert (33) by standing opposite each other. Bonding adapters (10, 20)
and other
floor panels (30) are connected by inserting a connection element (40) into
the insert (33).
Connection element (40) has a geometry which completes the form of the insert
(33) and a
shape which resembles wedge elements. Floor panels (30) have profile bearings
(34) in
the lower parts, in a form which completes the shape of the profile and,
profile bearings
(35) which define the profile that is formed with the joining of corners when
two floor panels
(30) come side by side.
Connection niches (132, 232, 32) preferably start from the top point of
lateral surface (131,
231, 31) and extend partially along the height of lateral surface (131, 231,
31) downwards.
Referring to Figure 5, floor (50) of the building consists of many floor
pieces (51). Floor
pieces (51) have connection niches (511) on the sides and are connected by
passing
connection elements (513) through the insert (512) which is formed by
connection niches
(511) of two opposing floor pieces (51).
In Figure 6a and 6b, wall adapters (60) located on the floor (50) are seen.
Wall adapter
(60) consists of a body (61) and connection extensions (62) provided on the
body (61).
Referring to Figure 6c, wall adapter (60) has a linearly extending structure.
In Figure 6a,
wall adapter (60b) is in the form of T whereas wall adapter (60c) in Figure 6b
is in the form
of L. Wall adapters (60a, 60b, 60c) have connection niches (63) on the surface
which face
the wall adapters (60a, 60b, 60c) located next to it. Referring to Figure 6c
and 6d; when
wall adapters (60a, 60b, 60c) are located so that their connection niches (63)
correspond
to each other, two connection niches (63) form an insert (64) and a connection
element
(65) with a geometry completing the form of the insert (64) is located in the
insert (64).
Referring to Figure 7a, 7b and 7c, one wall brick (70) has one body (71).
Connection
extensions (72) are provided on the upper part of body (71) and inserts (73)
are provided
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on the lower part. For the inserts (73) and connection extensions (72); the
term, connection
element (72, 73), is used. There is a wall connection channel (74) or a wall
connection
extension (75) on the surface of wall brick (70a, 70b, 70c) which faces the
adjacent wall
brick (70a, 70b, 70c). Referring to Figure 7a, wall brick (70a) has a linearly
extending
structure. In Figure 7b, wall brick (70b) is in the form of T whereas wall
brick (70c) in Figure
7c is in the form of L.
Referring to Figure 9; the construction consists of a floor (50) laid on the
ground, walls
provided on the floor (50), bonding adapters (10, 20) provided on the walls,
floor panels
(30) of the upper floor whose connection to the walls are provided by bonding
adapters
(10, 20) and a roof. Such a construction can be built using the toy block
logic and this
building may have enough strength against tensile, pressure and bending forces
that
buildings are exposed to.
Referring to Figure 5; floor (50) of the building is produced by joining floor
pieces (51) in
the structure of a panel. Floor pieces (51) are located so that connection
niches (511)
correspond to each other and then connection element (513) is located in the
insert (512)
from the top. Floor (50) of the construction is formed this way.
Referring to Figure 6c and 6d; after floor (50) is laid on the ground in the
abovementioned
way, wall adapters (60a, 60b, 60c), which will connect the wall bricks (70a,
70b, 70c) on
the floor (50), are located on the points specified on the floor pieces (51)
according to the
layout in the project. Wall adapters (60a) which extend linearly are used for
the parts
extending straightly as a wall; wall adapters (60c) in the form of T are used
in order to
divide the rooms within construction and wall adapters (60b) in the form of L
are used in
order to form the corner of structure. Wall adapters (60a, 60b, 60c) are
connected to the
adjacent wall adapters (60a, 60b, 60c) by locating the connection element (65)
in the insert
(64) from the top, which is formed by the connection niches (63). After the
wall adapters
(60a, 60b, 60c) are placed on the floor (50), wall bricks (70a, 70b, 70c) are
laid on the wall
adapters (60a, 60b, 60c). Wall bricks (70a, 70b, 70c, 70d) and wall adapters
(60a, 60b,
60c) are connected to each other by inserting the connection extensions (62)
of wall
adapters (60a, 60b, 60c) in the inserts (73) of wall bricks (70a, 70b, 70c,
70d). Referring to
7d, 7e and 9; wall bricks in linear structure (70a) are laid on the wall
adapters (60a) in
linear structure, wall bricks (70c) in the form of L are laid on the wall
adapters (60c) in the
form of L and wall bricks (70b) in the form of T are laid on the wall adapters
(60b) in the
form of T. While laying the wall bricks (70a) in linear structure, care should
be taken for
performing slip laying. If there is a wall connection channel (74) on the
surface of wall
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brick (70a, 70b, 70c), which faces the adjacent wall brick (70a, 70b, 70c),
adjacent wall
brick (70a, 70b, 70c) has a wall connection extension (75) on the side facing
wall
connection channel (74). Thus, wall adapters (70a, 70b, 70c) are connected to
each other
through shrunk fit. Wall is built by this way.
5
Referring to Figure 9; after the walls are built on the floor (50), bonding
adapters (10, 20)
are used in the construction of upper floor, in order to enable connection
between the floor
of upper floor and walls. Firstly, bonding adapter (10, 20) is connected on
the wall brick
(70a, 70b, 70c) by inserting the connection extensions (72) of wall bricks
(70a, 70b, 70c) in
10 the inserts (123, 223) under the bonding adapter (10, 20). When it is
desired to form a
connection between two rooms or a closed space, double bonding adapter (20) is
used.
Connection niches (232) on the panel connection parts (23) located on both
sides of
double bonding adapter (20) and connection niches (32) on the floor panel (30)
are aligned
so as to locate a connection element (40) in-between and they are connected to
each other
15 via a connection element (40). Referring to Figure 4a and 4b; in order
to provide stability
and prevent collapse of the floor panels (30), profile (80) is passed through
the profile
housing (34, 35) on the bottom of floor panel (30) and shrunk fit in the
profile housing (234)
which is formed when two bonding adapters (20) come side by side and
positioning niches
(233) on the corners are joined. When the same process is applied on both
sides of the
double bonding adapter (20), floors of upper floor belonging to two rooms will
be
constructed.
For connection between a room and a place without a ceiling, single bonding
adapter (10)
is used. Single bonding adapter (10) is connected on the wall brick (70a, 70b,
70c) so that
panel connection part (13) will face the room side and to the floor panel (30)
on said side
since there is a panel connection part (13) only on one side of the single
bonding adapter
(10). When bonding adapter (10, 20) is located on the wall bricks (70a, 70b,
70c),
connection extensions (121, 221) of bonding adapter (10, 20) are inserted in
the inserts
(73) of wall bricks (70a, 70b, 70c). When walls are built this way, upper
floor is also
constructed.
Referring to Figure 10; after the floors of construction are completely built,
roof of the
construction can be built very quickly and durably. In order to provide visual
quality, wall
bricks (70a, 70b, 70c) on the rising upper row of the triangle like shaped
wall are covered
with suitable cover pieces (120).
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Referring to Figure 8a and 8f; roof truss (160) and purlins (170) which form
the roof
scaffold of the construction, are produced with roof profiles (90) which
consist of a body
(91), a connection extension (92) that extends after the body (91) with a
narrower diameter
and an insert (93) at the head of body (91) in which another connection
extension (92) is
inserted. Said roof profiles (90) are in the form of a box profile and
accordingly have a
square or rectangle section.
Referring to Figure 8d and 8f; during application, a group of roof profiles
(90) are laid on
the floor between the front and rear sides of ceiling so that they extend
horizontally and
profiles on the end are inserted in the lower housing (112) of an eaves
adapter. Another
group of roof profiles (90) are laid so that they start from the upper housing
(111) of
relevant eaves adapter (110) on the front and rear sides of ceiling and extend
upwards with
an acute angle, and then join the other group on the upper line of ceiling's
center point.
Thus, horizontal and angular extending roof profiles (90) are laid so that
they define an
isosceles triangle like form, and define these roof trusses (160). Roof
profiles (90) are
joined on the upper line so that they are supported from under by a roof
bonding adapter
(100a). Referring to Figure 8b and 8c; there are two types of roof bonding
adapters (100).
On the other hand, between said roof bonding adapter (100a) and the point
where
horizontal support parts (101) extending on the ceiling join together, there
is a support
base (150) that is vertical to the floor, so roof is also supported from the
top point.
Referring to Figure 10, roof trusses (160) are laid on the ceiling by
repeating these
processes.
Then, another group of roof profile (90) extends between the roof support
parts (101) so
that they intersect with angular extending profiles (90) at certain points,
and thus, parts
named as purlin (170) in the relevant technical field are defined. The points
where roof
profiles (90) forming the roof truss (160) and purlin (170) intersect with
each other, are
supported from below by another type of roof bonding adapter (100b). Bottom
end of the
support base (150) mentioned in the upper paragraph is located in the roof
bonding
adapter (100b) provided at this point. Said roof bonding adapter (100b),
supports roof
profiles (90) which extend horizontally on the floor and join together in the
middle at this
point.
At the following stage, valleys (140) are mounted on the relevant wall bricks
(70a, 70b,
70c) at the top line of the front and rear side of the construction.
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Referring to Figure 8; lastly, roof claddings (130) with valleys (1301) are
laid on the roof
trusses (160) and purlins (170) that are formed by support profiles. A
connection part
(1302) with mounting holes (1303) is provided on each roof cladding (130),
which extends
along the long side. Said connection part (1302) has a smaller wall thickness
compared to
the rest of the roof cladding (130) and a dent is defined due to this form.
Relevant side of
the next roof cladding (130) fits in said dent, so no disfiguring extension is
formed between
two roof claddings (130). Said connection parts (1302) have mounting holes
(1303) and so
two roof claddings (130) can be connected to each other with a connection
element (40)
such as a screw. As a result, roof of the building can also be built
completely by using the
relevant composite construction elements.
All the construction elements used in the invention are made of a material
based on SMC
(sheet molding composites) and they are produced through a known production
method in
this field. According to this, some construction elements in the invention may
be composed
of two parts which are symmetrical and form the construction element when they
are
combined, in accordance with the hot pressing method.
Therefore, in a preferred formulation, subject composite material contains
fiber at a ratio of
25-33% in order to provide strength, at least one type of mineral powder as a
filler at a ratio
of 40-50%, resin at a ratio of 20-25% as the item bonding the fiber with
filler and at least
one chemical additive at a ratio of 5-8%. In the parts which don't require
high strength such
as valleys (140) and roof claddings (130), so as to obtain a material which
has relatively
low strength and possesses the values of ST 37 steel in particular, isophtalic
resin is
preferred as the resin and glass-fiber is preferred as the fiber. In the
construction elements
which require middle strength such as wall bricks (70a, 70b, 70c), isophtalic
resin is
preferred as the resin and aramid-fiber is preferred as the fiber, in order to
obtain a
material with the values of ST 37 steel. In order to obtain a material which
has a relatively
high strength and values of ST 52 steel, vinyl ester resin is preferred as the
resin and
carbon-fiber is preferred as the fiber. Wall thickness of the present
invention construction
elements can preferably be between 4mm and 2cm depending on the desired
strength.
On the other hand, at least one type of mineral powder selected from a mineral
group
which contains silica, barite, talcum and calcite is used as a filler and at
least one of the
chemicals which increase water absorption and resistance to flame and abrasion
is used
as a chemical additive. In addition to these, subject formulation may also
contain
thermoplastic material at a pre-specified ratio so as to enhance the surface
appearance.
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As is known, forces that a construction is exposed to may be listed in 5;
which are tensile,
pressure, moment, shearing and torsion forces. A construction may be exposed
to one or
more of these forces simultaneously as a result of many external factors such
as
earthquake, wind, building's own weight and constructions should be resistant
to such
situations at a certain extent. According to this, behavior of a construction
formed with
present invention construction elements against these forces, is described in
general
below.
First of all, composite material which forms the construction elements are as
durable as
steel but about 6 times lighter than steel. On the other hand, hollow body
structure used in
the invention reduces the weight of construction elements more. Therefore,
component of
moment force arising from building's own weight is very low compared to that
of concrete
or steel constructions. If the building is exposed to a pressure force,
elements such as wall
connection channel (74) on the lateral surfaces of adjacent wall bricks (70a,
70b, 70c) and
wall connection extension (75) which goes into the wall connection channel
(74), inserts
(73) on the wall bricks (70a, 70b, 70c) which are on top of the other and
connection
extensions (72) which go into inserts (73) enable the building to resist
against said
pressure forces. In the case of a tensile force, inserts (73) on the wall
bricks (70a, 70b,
70c) and connection extensions (72) which go into inserts (73) enable the
building to resist
against said pressure forces. In case of a shearing force, components in the
pressure force
become active and additionally, flexibility that screwless connection provides
is a
significant advantage. For example, when moment force or torsion force is
formed due to
a reason such as wind, elements which enable resistance to pressure forces and
flexibility
provided through screwless connection become active. Connection niches (132,
232, 32,
511, 63) in the form of a wedge and connection elements (40, 513, 65) which
enable
connection of construction elements with each other also play a significant
role in the
resistance of building against all these forces. Referring to Figure 9; wall
bricks (70a, 70b,
70c) are laid by sliding in each row, an upper wall brick (70a, 70b, 70c)
supports the
connection of two lower wall bricks (700a, 70b, 70c) with each other,
therefore, building
becomes more rigid.
On the other hand, walls of a structure built according to the invention that
is different from
masonry constructions also serve as a bearer as in the constructions built
with the same
tunnel formwork, and this enables the building to be more resistant. While
interior walls in
the constructions formed through tunnel formwork are built as masonry so as to
reduce the
costs, walls which constitute the rooms in invention also carry out the
bearing function.
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Besides, construction elements aren't composed of multiple layers which have
different
physical and chemical properties as it was in the prior art, and this allows
the structure to
possess the required rigidity and durability. Ease and speed of production
gained by this
way provides a significant advantage.
Some of the test data of a construction element subject to invention, which is
produced
through a sample formulation, is as below.
Tests Test Method Values
Determination of Flexural TS 985
160
Strength (N/mm2) EN ISO 178
Determination of Tensile
EN ISO 527-4 222
Strength (MPa)
Impact Strength
EN ISO 179 110
(kj / m2)
Barcol Hardness EN59 70
Water absorption (`)/0) TS 702, ISO 62 Max 0.15% in 24 hours %0,15
TS 1818,
Density (gr/ cm3) 1,79
ASTM D792
Chemical Resistance
(60% toluene, 40%
n-heptane in volume or in
diesel, under the conditions EN ISO 14125 Change in weight; max. %0,5
of 23 Change in bending resistance; -
20%
2 C and 168 hours) (TS Change in bending module; -30%
1478
EN 124 Annex E)
Surface Resistance (0) DIN IEC 93 5x109
Volume Resistance (0) DIN IEC 93 5x1019
Specific Trans-resistance
DIN IEC 93 1x1012
(Q.cm)
Ball Pressure Test Ball Diameter max. 2 mm.
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Glow Wire Test No Dropping
Accelerated Heat
No puncture or deformation
Damping Test
Isolation Test No discharge or deformation
Temperature Changes
No deformation or crack
Resistance Test
Ultra Violet Resistance
No deformation or crack
Test
In the relevant tests performed for subject invention bonding adapters (10,
20), it was seen
that there was no dropping in glow wire test, no puncture or deformation in
accelerated
heat damping test and no discharge or deformation in isolation test. In
addition to these, no
5 deformation or crack was seen in the subject invention construction
elements in
temperature changes resistance test and ultra violet resistance test.
The protection scope of the present invention is set forth in the annexed
claims and cannot
be restricted to the illustrative disclosures given above, under the detailed
description. It is
10 because a person skilled in the relevant art can obviously produce
similar embodiments
under the light of the foregoing disclosures, without departing from the main
principles of
the present invention.
