Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Title
Lining Element, and Method of Manufacturing a Lining Element
Cross-Reference to Related Applications
The present application is a continuation-in-part of United States Patent
Application
Serial No. 13/580,234, which is a Section 371 National Stage application of
international application PCT/EP11/52839, filed 25 February 2011, which claims
the
benefit of priority from German patent application 10-2010-009-412.9, filed
26 February 2010.
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a lining element and a method of
manufacturing a
lining element. The lining element is used for repairing a connection area
between a
main pipe and a branch pipe.
Background
Lining elements are used for repairing pipes, in particular main pipes, branch
pipes
and house connection lines in the area of the sewerage system, and also in the
area
of buildings. By introducing the lining elements, leaking pipe sections, in
particular of
pipe joint sections, can be repaired. The lining element is provided with an
adhesive
glue for durable bonding with the interior of the tube wall, wherein, in
particular, a
hardenable resin is used. Typically, the lining element comprises a layer of
resin-
absorbing material, in particular a non-woven, or fibrous material. Prior to
insertion of
the lining element, the latter is impregnated with the resin, and then the
lining element
is brought into its final position at the area to be repaired. Usually, the
well-known
inversion methods are used. After the resin has hardened, the lining element
is in
positive and frictional engagement with the inner tube wall. This approach is
often
necessary at pipe junctions where two pipes meet.
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For the manufacture of the lining element it is known from US 2008/0078463 Al
that
the branch tube section of a hat-shaped lining element is rolled from an
initially planar
portion to a tube-like shape, and then the facing side edges are sewn
together.
Subsequently, the seam can be covered by a masking tape. A similar approach is
known from US 5,915,419, where the tube-like section provided for lining the
branch
pipe is provided by rolling it and connecting the facing edges by means of a
seam.
Subsequently, a rim is connected to this tube-like section by means of an
adhesive
bond.
In this manufacturing method, it is a proven drawback that the branch pipe
section
and the main pipe section of the lining element must be connected by an
annular
seam. The creation of such a radial seam is very complex and requires sewing
along
a circular path.
Summary of the Disclosure
All lining elements mentioned in the present invention can also be referred to
as
liners, repairing elements or pipe lining elements. Basically, such a lining
element can
have a one- or multi-part configuration. The term "lining part" should thus
refer to a
section of the lining element or a material part, in particular. In one form,
the lining
parts are of the same material. The lining parts can have a one- or multi-
layer
configuration.
The inventive lining element according to some embodiments is used for
repairing a
connection area between a main pipe and a branch pipe and comprises a layer of
resin-absorbing material and at least three flexible, extendable lining parts,
which are
connected to each other by at least three connections to form the lining
element.
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In one embodiment, the number of connections is the same as the number of
lining elements. For example, three connections are used for three lining
parts, four connections are used for four lining parts, five connections are
used for five lining parts, etc. The number of lining parts, and thus the num-
ber of connections, can be chosen, for example, according to the flexibility
and/or expandability of the material used for the lining part, in particular
with
respect to the resin-absorbing layer. Furthermore, the size of the pipe diame-
ter of the main pipe or branch pipe to be repaired can influence the number
of lining parts, since a larger number of lining parts seems, for example, a
better choice for larger pipe diameters.
According to one feature, the respective connection is formed by a seam
and/or adhesive connection essentially extending along the adjacent side
edges of the lining parts. In one form, this connection extends continuously
from one end of the lining element to the other end of the lining element.
Thus, this could also be referred to as a longitudinal connection, or a
longitu-
dinal seam.
Each lining part can comprise a main pipe section and a branch pipe section.
In the installed position, the main pipe section can be in snug contact with
the
main pipe, and the branch pipe section can be in snug contact with the
branch pipe. The main pipe section can be a rim or a ring, i.e. a section only
covering a short portion of the main pipe around the joint sections of the
branch pipe. As an alternative, the main pipe section can be a pipe-shaped
section which, in the installed position, completely covers the main pipe in
the
circumferential direction and over a certain length along the main pipe.
In one embodiment, the lining parts are connected to each other by continu-
ously connecting both the side edges of the adjacent branch pipe sections
and the side edges of adjacent main pipe sections. By these means, a con-
tinuous connection can be achieved. The respective side edge sections of
adjacent branch pipe sections and the side edge sections of adjacent main
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pipe sections can be connected to each other. In particular if these sections
have a
rectilinear configuration, the side edge sections can be easily sewn and/or
glued
together.
Furthermore, the branch pipe sections can be connected to a branch pipe
extension
by means of at least one connection which comprises at least one flexible,
expandable lining part. The branch pipe can, for example, be a house
connection
line. In its installed position, the branch pipe extension is in snug contact
with the
branch pipe and can have, for example, a length of up to 20 m or more.
In one embodiment, the branch pipe extension is formed of a flat sheet
material by
rolling it and establishing a connection along the longitudinal edges of the
at least one
lining part, and connected to the branch pipe sections by means of at least
one seam
and/or adhesive connection. This seam and/or adhesive connection can extend
essentially radially in the circumferential direction with respect to the
branch pipe
extension. By these means, the branch pipe extension can be connected to the
branch pipe section by using a radial seam.
A further inventive lining element according to some embodiments is used for
repairing of a connection area between a main pipe and a branch pipe and
comprises
a layer of resin absorbing material, and at least six flexible, expandable
lining parts
are connected to each other by at least six connections to form the lining
element.
Because of its at least six connections the lining element comprises less
steam
derivation and therefore, the lining element has an improved impermeability.
Moreover, when cutting the at least six flexible, expandable lining parts out
of a flat
sheet material less cutout waste is generated and therefore, the lining
element is cost
efficient to manufacture.
According to one form, the number of connections is equal to the number of
lining parts. For example, six connections are used for six lining parts. The
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number of lining parts, and thus, the number of connections, can be chosen,
for example, according to the flexibility and/or expandability of the material
used for the lining part, in particular with respect to the resin absorbing
layer.
Furthermore, the size of the pipe diameter of the main pipe or branch pipe to
5 be repaired can influence the number of lining parts, since a larger
number of
lining parts seems, for example, a better choice for larger pipe diameters.
In one embodiment, the at least six flexible, expandable lining parts are con-
nected to each other by at least seven connections to form the lining ele-
ment.
In one form, the respective connection is formed by a seam or adhesive con-
nection essentially extending along adjacent side edges, side edge sections
and/or end edges of the lining parts. Per one feature, this connection extends
continuously from one end of the lining element to the other end of the lining
element. Thus, this could also be referred to as a longitudinal connection, or
a longitudinal seam.
In one embodiment, at least four lining parts comprise a branch pipe section
and a rim pipe section and that the at least two other lining parts comprise a
main pipe section. In the installed position, the at least four lining parts
com-
prising a branch pipe section and a rim pipe section are in contact with the
branch pipe and/or the connection area between the main pipe and the
branch pipe, wherein the two lining parts comprising the main pipe section
are only in snug contact with the main pipe. The rim pipe section can be a rim
or a ring, i.e. a section only covering a short portion of the main pipe
around
the joint sections of the branch pipe. The main pipe section can be a pipe-
shaped section, which, in the installed position, completely covers the main
pipe in the circumferential direction and over a certain length along the main
pipe.
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Per one aspect, the lining parts having a branch pipe section and a rim pipe
section are connected to each other by connecting both the side edges of
adjacent branch pipe sections and the side edges and/or side edge sections
of adjacent rim pipe sections in a continuous fashion. By these means, a con-
tinuous connection can be achieved. In particular, if these edges and/or sec-
tions have a rectilinear configuration, the side edge and/or side edge
sections
can be easily seamed and/or glued to each other.
Furthermore, each of the lining parts having a main pipe section is connected
with one of its side edges to at least two side edges and/or side edge sec-
tions of adjacent rim pipe sections and to at least one side edge and/or end
edge of an adjacent rim pipe section in a continuous fashion.
In one embodiment, at least two of the lining elements having a branch pipe
section and a rim pipe section comprise a nearly rectangular shape. When
cutting the two lining elements having a branch pipe section and a rim pipe
section out of a flat sheet material less cutout waste is generated.
According to one feature, at least two of the lining parts having a branch
pipe
section and a rim pipe section comprise a first rectangular section and a sec-
ond rectangular section, wherein the first rectangular section is larger than
the second rectangular section. Preferably, in the installed position, the
first
rectangular section can be in snug contact with the connection area between
the main pipe and the branch pipe, in particular with the rim section and/or
ring section of the main pipe, and the second rectangular section can be in
snug contact with the branch pipe.
Furthermore, by means of at least one connection, the branch pipe sections
can be connected to a branch pipe extension comprising at least one flexible,
expandable lining part. The branch pipe extension can, for example, be a
house connection line. In its installed position, the branch pipe extension is
in
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snug contact with the branch pipe and can have, for example, a length of up
=
to 20 m or more.
In one embodiment, the branch pipe extension is formed of a flat sheet mate-
rial by rolling it and establishing a connection along the longitudinal edges
of
the at least one lining part, and connected to the branch pipe section by
means of at least on seam and/or adhesive connection. This seam and/or
adhesive connection can extend essentially radially in the circumferential di-
rection with respect to the branch pipe extension. By these means, the
branch pipe extension can be connected to the branch pipe section by using
a radial seam.
A further inventive lining element is characterized by at least one lining
part
comprising a layer of resin-absorbing material and a tube-shaped preform
which is able to be formed by means of heat and/or deforming to result in a
tubular final shape.
This lining element can also be referred to as a semi-finished lining element,
since it does not jet have its final shape, which corresponds to the geometric
shape of the section to be repaired.
According to one feature, the at least one lining part can have a preform
comprising an arcuate contour. In particular, at least one side edge of the
lining part can have an arcuate configuration. In its preform, the lining part
and/or the lining element can have a conical form, for example.
In one embodiment, the preform comprises an arcuate contour. In particular,
the preform can have a conical form. Similarly, the final shape can also be
formed in such a manner wherein, however, the geometric dimensions are
different to those of the preform. This difference arises in the forming pro-
cess, for example by stretching or straining.
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In one embodiment, the lining element is formed of a single lining part,
wherein this lining part can be formed in one piece without a connection, or
in
one piece by means of at least one connection, preferably in the form of a
seam. In the one-piece embodiment of the lining part having at least one
connection, the tubular preform can be made from an initial flat, planar mate-
rial piece by means of rolling.
In another embodiment, at least two lining parts are provided that are con-
nected to each other. This connection can be achieved, for example, by
means of at least one seam and/or an adhesive bond.
The embodiments described in the following apply to all above-explained lin-
ing elements according to the present invention.
The layer of resin-absorbing material provided for the lining element may
comprise a fibrous material, a non-woven material and/or a knitted spacing
material. The layer of resin-absorbing material can thus comprise, in particu-
lar, glass fibers, polyester fibers, polypropylene fibers, carbon fibers
and/or
aramid fibers. For example, needled polyester non-wovens, glass non-
wovens, blends of glass fibers (cut roving) and thermoplastic fibers (hybrid
ravings), such as PP, PES, carbon fibers or aramid fibers, and combinations
of the above-mentioned components can also be used.
Furthermore, the lining part can comprise a plastic film as a fluid-
impermeable layer, such as, by way of non-limiting example, a film of PVC or
thermoplastic polyurethane. Such a coating can be applied by laminating or
by means of a calendar on the layer of resin-absorbing material.
In another embodiment, the lining element comprises at least one reinforcing
element, in particular a reinforcing ring. This reinforcing element is, per
one
feature, attached to the lining element in the area of one of its ends, in
partic-
ular in the area of the rim. For attachment, for example, an adhesive connec-
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tion can be provided. In one form, the reinforcing element is a reinforcing
ring of
plastic material. The reinforcing element makes it possible that the main pipe
parts of
the lining area form a dimensionally stable, flat area.
A needled knitted spacing material can also be used for the resin-absorbing
layer.
Such a knitted spacing material comprises, for example, a double-layer
textile,
wherein the textile layers are kept at a distance by means of linking fibers
(pile
fibers). To achieve bonding of the fibers after the forming / deforming
process, a
thermoplastic consolidation of the layer is carried out on the basis of
components
having suitable qualities (plastic fibers or powder binders). In order to
achieve this
consolidation, a coating, such as a film, can also be additionally or
alternatively
applied.
Furthermore, the at least one lining part can have a first thickness in a
first section
and a second thickness in a second section. In particular, the layer of resin-
absorbing
material has varying material thicknesses. The varying thicknesses are, in one
form,
adapted to the desired final shape of the lining element and the deformation
behavior
of the layer of resin-absorbing material. The position and extension of the
sections
having varying thicknesses can also be chosen in a manner adapted thereto. In
the
transition area between a section to be applied to the main pipe and a section
to be
applied to the branch pipe, in particular, a smaller thickness is selected
than in other
areas to provide and/or increase the required deformation ability of the
transition
area.
The inventive method according to some embodiments for the manufacture of a
lining
element for repairing a connection area between a main pipe and a branch pipe
may
be used to manufacture the lining element according to the invention.
In this method according to the present invention for the manufacture of a
lining element, at least three flexible, expandable lining parts having a
layer
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of resin-absorbing material are provided. The at least three lining parts are
connected to each other by means of at least three connections to form the
lining element.
In a further development, the number of connections is equal to the number
5 of lining parts.
Furthermore, the respective connection can be formed by a seam and/or ad-
hesive connection essentially extending along the adjacent side edges of the
lining parts. According to one feature, the sewing and/or gluing is carried
out
continuously from one end of the lining element to the other end of the lining
10 element, so that a simple continuous joining process is achieved.
The lining parts can be connected to one another by connecting both the side
edges of the adjacent branch pipe sections and the side edges of adjacent
main pipe sections in a continuous manner. The respective side edge sec-
tions of adjacent branch pipe sections and the side edge sections of adjacent
main pipe sections can be connected to each other. By these means, a con-
tinuous connection can be achieved. If these sections have a rectilinear con-
figuration, in particular, the side edge sections can be simply sewn and/or
glued to each other.
Furthermore, it can be provided that the branch pipe sections of the lining
element are connected to a branch pipe extension by means of at least one
connection, which comprises at least one flexible, expandable lining part. The
branch pipe can, for example, be a house connection line. In its installed po-
sition, the branch pipe extension is in snug contact with the branch pipe and
can have a length, for example, of 20 m or more.
In a variant of the method, the branch line extension is formed of a flat
sheet
material by rolling it and establishing a connection along the longitudinal
edges of the at least one lining part, and is connected to the branch pipe sec-
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tions by means of at least one seam and/or adhesive connection, so that this
seam
and/or adhesive connection preferably extends essentially radially in the
circumferential direction with respect to the branch pipe extension. The
branch pipe
extension can thus be connected to the branch pipe section by means of a
radial
seam.
The inventive method according to some embodiments for the manufacture of a
lining
element for repairing a connection area between a main pipe and a branch pipe
may
be used to manufacture the lining element according to some embodiments and
the
associated further developments.
In this method according to the present invention for the manufacture of a
lining
element, at least six flexible, expandable lining parts having a layer of
resin absorbing
material are provided, wherein at least four lining parts comprise a branch
pipe
section and a rim pipe section and the at least two other lining elements
comprise a
main pipe section. The at least six lining parts are connected to each other
by means
of at least six connections to form the lining element.
Per one feature, the at least six flexible, expandable lining parts are
connected to
each other by at least seven connections to form the lining element.
Furthermore, the respective connection can be formed by a seam and/or adhesive
connection essentially extending along the adjacent side edges, side edge
sections
and/or end edges of the lining parts. According to one feature, the sewing
and/or
gluing is carried out continuously from one end of the lining element to the
other end
of the lining element, so that a simple continuous joining process is
achieved.
The lining parts having a branch pipe section and a rim pipe section can be
connected to each other by connecting both the side edges of adjacent branch
pipe
sections and the side edges and/or side edge sections of adjacent rim pipe
sections
in a continuous fashion. By these means, a continuous connection can be
achieved.
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If these side edges and/or side edge sections have a rectilinear
configuration, in
particular, the side edges and/or side edge sections can be simply sewn and/or
glued
to each other.
According to one feature, each of the lining parts having a main pipe section
is
connected with one of its side edges to at least two side edges and/or side
edge
sections of adjacent rim pipe sections and to at least one side edge and/or
end edge
of an adjacent rim pipe section in a continuous fashion.
Furthermore, it can be provided that the branch pipe sections of the lining
elements
are connected to a branch pipe extension by means of at least one connection,
which
comprises at least one flexible, expandable lining part. The branch pipe can,
for
example, be a house connection line. In its installed position, the branch
pipe
extension is in snug contact with the branch pipe and can have a length, for
example
of 20 m or more.
In one variant of the method, the branch line extension is formed of a flat
sheet
material by rolling it and establishing a connection along the longitudinal
edges of the
at least one lining part, and is connected to the branch pipe sections by
means of at
least one seam and/or adhesive connection, so that the seam and/or adhesive
connection extends essentially radially in the circumferential direction with
respect to
the branch pipe extension. The branch pipe extension can thus be connected to
the
branch pipe section by means of a radial seam.
The lining element comprising a layer of resin-absorbing material and a tube-
shaped
preform which is able to be formed by means of heat and/or deforming to result
in a tubular final shape may be manufactured by means of the following
inventive
method for the manufacture of a lining element. At least one tube-like pre-
formed
lining part, having a layer of resin-absorbing material is provided in this
inventive method according to some embodiments for the manufac-
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ture of a lining element. Subsequently, the tube-like pre-formed lining part
is
deformed by means of heat and/or forming to give the at least one lining part
its final shape.
The tube-like pre-formed lining part can be provided in its tube-shaped pre-
form either by providing the layer of resin-absorbing material, in particular
fibrous material, non-woven and/or knitted spacing fabric, in one seamless
material piece in the shape of a tube or by using a seamless planar material
piece, and then rolling and sewing it to create the tubular preform. For exam-
ple, a felt part can be integrally manufactured in one piece, such as by
means of wet felting and/or fulling, if a fibrous planar part is used on the
basis
of felt material.
"Forming" in the context of the present invention, refers to an intentional
per-
manent shape change. This may be carried out using pressure, tension
and/or heat and comprises, in particular, lengthening and/or widening. Form-
ing can also be referred to as deforming. A setting process, which will be de-
scribed in more detail below, may be carried out to maintain the final shape
after forming. A material for the resin-absorbing layer of the lining part and
the lining element is chosen overall which is sufficiently expandable to
enable
subsequent forming. Prior to or after the setting process, the at least one
lin-
ing part can be cut. Furthermore, it can be provided that an end area, for ex-
ample, of the at least partially pre-formed lining part is deformed to form a
rim
for a hat-shaped lining element. For this purpose, a conical preform can be
provided, for example, for the tube-shaped pre-formed lining part. The final
shape produced by forming may still be conical, but it has different geometric
dimensions, it has, for example, been expanded. Furthermore, it is possible
to provide a certain section of the lining element by bending or folding to
form
a tube section with the desired orientation. Generally, a first tubular
section
can form a branch pipe section of the lining part, and a second tubular sec-
tion can form a main pipe section of the lining element. For example, a sec-
tion of the lining element can be used for forming a rim.
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Furthermore, the lining part can be used with different thicknesses, so that
different forming behavior or deformation behavior can be achieved at differ-
ent parts. The material thickness of the layer of resin-absorbing material can
have a first thickness in a first section of a lining part (for example the
even-
tual rim section) and the material thickness of the layer of resin-absorbing
material can have a second thickness in the second section of the lining part
(for example the eventual rim section), which are different and are adapted to
the deformation behavior required to produce the final shape. "Final shape"
refers to that form of the lining element which it has prior to being glued to
the
section of the pipe to be repaired. This final shape may be adapted to the
geometric preconditions of the section to be repaired in such a manner that
the formed sections of the lining element can be positioned and fixed to the
corresponding sections of the pipe inner walls of the main pipe and/or the
branch pipe in the course of the repair process. The final shape can have
various geometric shapes to enable its use for various pipe joints. Generally,
a first pipe section of the lining part, for example a branch pipe section,
can
extend at an angle of about 30 to 90 with respect to a further pipe section
of the lining part, for example a main pipe section.
In a preferred embodiment, the forming or deforming is carried out by ex-
panding the lining part. The expansion process can be carried out, for exam-
ple, by slipping the lining part onto a forming body. A forming body can be,
for example, a conical body. Alternatively or additionally to expanding,
folding
and/or bending can also be carried out. When slipped on, pressure and/or
tension can be applied to the lining part, shaping the geometric form of the
preform to the desired final shape required for later lining of the pipe.
Herein,
the lining part is stretched or strained, in particular.
In the exemplary embodiment, the lining part is formed by means of heat, by
applying steam, in particular hot steam. To achieve this, the above men-
tioned forming body can have openings through which steam exits and can
flow through the layer of resin-absorbing material. According to this embodi-
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ment, the forming process is carried out by means of both heat by the appli-
cation of steam, and expansion, bending and/or folding of the lining part, for
example in the manner described above.
Furthermore, the final form of the lining part can be set and/or consolidated
5 during forming or after forming by means of cooling and/or by the
application
of a binder, such as in the form of a powder or in the form of a coating. Cool-
ing is carried out, in particular, if the forming process is carried out with
the
application of heat. The binder can be applied prior to or after forming. The
binder can be, in particular, a powder binder or plastic fibers, added to the
10 layer of resin-absorbing material in advance or subsequently. For
example, a
powder binder can be sprinkled onto the layer of resin-absorbing material
after the preform has been provided, so that the powder settles in the spaces
of the layer. This can then be heated so that the binder is activated in such
a
manner that there is a thermoplastic consolidation. In this variant, forming
by
15 means of steam is not required. Furthermore, a coating in the form of a
film
or the like can be used in addition or alternatively as a binder.
In another embodiment, at least one lining part is provided with a predeter-
mined contour, in particular by cutting, wherein the contour is formed in such
a manner that the lining part can be preformed to its tubular preform shape
and later can be shaped into its final form by a predetermined degree. A pla-
nar, flat piece of material for the layer of resin-absorbing material can be
cut
to a predetermined contour, for example, and then the initially planar lining
part can be formed into the tubular preform shape by means of rolling. Sub-
sequently, the tubular preformed lining part can be formed into its final
shape,
for example, by slipping it onto a forming body.
In a further exemplary embodiment, a plurality of lining parts is connected to
each other to form a tubular preformed lining element. For example, two pla-
nar lining parts can be brought into the form of a half shell, whereupon these
half shells can be connected at the edge sections, in particular at their side
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edges. This connection can be achieved by means of at least one seam and/or an
adhesive glue. For fixing and/or sealing the connection area, an adhesive tape
or
masking tape can be used.
Furthermore, it can be provided that at least two of the edge sections of a
lining part
can be connected which results in a tubular lining element. For instance, two
side
edges, in particular the longitudinal edges, of the lining part are connected
to each
other. These edge sections or side edges can be connected in an adjacent or
overlapping relationship.
In some embodiments, there is provided a lining element for repairing a
connection
area between a main pipe and a branch pipe, the lining element comprising a
layer of
resin-absorbing material, wherein at least six flexible, expandable lining
parts are
connected to each other by at least six connections to form the lining
element,
wherein at least four lining parts comprise a branch pipe section and a rim
pipe
section and that the at least two other lining parts comprise a main pipe
section.
In some embodiments, there is provided a method of manufacturing a lining
element
for repairing a connection area between a main pipe and a branch pipe,
comprising
the steps of: providing at least six flexible, expandable lining parts having
a layer of
resin-absorbing material wherein at least four lining parts comprise a branch
pipe
section and a rim pipe section and the at least two other lining elements
comprise a
main pipe section; and connecting the lining parts to form the lining element,
wherein
the at least six lining parts are connected to each other by means of at least
six
connections.
Brief Description of the Drawings
The method according to the present invention and the lining element according
to
the present invention will be explained in more detail in the following with
reference to
the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a first perspective view of a first lining element of three
lining parts;
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Fig. 2 is a second perspective view of the first lining element of Fig.
1;
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the planar initial shape of the lining part of
Figs. 1 and 2;
Fig. 4 is a first perspective view of a second lining element of four
lining parts;
Fig. 5 is a second perspective view of the second lining element of Fig.
4;
Fig. 6 is a plan view of the planar initial shape of the lining part of
Figs. 4 and 5;
Fig. 7 is a bottom view of a third lining element of four lining parts;
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Fig. 8 is a bottom view of a fourth lining element of six lining
parts;
Fig. 9 is a bottom view of a fifth lining element of eight lining
parts;
Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the first lining element of Fig. 1, connected
to a branch pipe extension;
Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a sixth lining element in its preform and of
a
forming body;
Fig. 12 is a perspective view of the sixth lining element in its final shape;
Fig. 13 is a schematic cross section of a pipe branch wherein the sixth lin-
ing element is indicated;
Fig. 14 is a perspective view of the sixth lining element in a different final
shape;
Fig. 15 is a perspective view of a seventh lining element;
Fig. 16 is a perspective view of a eighth lining element;
Fig. 17 is a plan view of the planar initial form of the lining part according
to
Fig. 16;
Fig. 18 is a perspective view of a lining part for the eighth lining element;
Fig. 19 is a perspective view of a ninth lining element;
Fig. 20 is a further perspective view of the ninth lining element;
Fig. 21 is a perspective view of a tenth lining element;
Fig. 22 is a perspective view of an eleventh lining element;
Fig. 23 is a further perspective view of the eleventh lining element;
Fig. 24 is a further perspective view of the eleventh lining element wherein
the main pipe sections are connected to each other forming a main
pipe area; and
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Fig. 25 is a perspective view of the eleventh lining element of Fig. 22, con-
nected to a branch pipe extension.
Written Description
Figs. 1 to 3 show a first lining element 10 for repairing a joint area between
a
main pipe and a branch pipe. Fig. 1 is a first perspective view, and Fig. 2 is
a
further perspective view of first lining element 10 shown from below, and es-
sentially along a longitudinal direction L. Lining element 10 consists of
three
lining parts 20, essentially extends along the longitudinal direction L, and
es-
sentially has the shape of a hat. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the initial form,
cut to
size, for the initially flat, planar lining part 20 as an initial element for
lining
element 10.
As seen in the longitudinal direction L, lining element 10 comprises a first
end
12 and a second end 14. Furthermore, each lining part 20 comprises a main
pipe section 22 and a branch pipe section 23, which may be integrally con-
nected. Thus, first end 12 of lining element 10 is formed by branch pipe sec-
tions 23 and second end 14 of lining element 10 is formed by main pipe sec-
tions 22 of lining parts 20.
To manufacture first lining element 10, three lining parts 20, as shown in
Fig.
3 and initially having a planar, flat configuration, are cut to size and
prepared.
All three lining parts 20 essentially have the same geometric shape formed
by two end edges 27 and two side edges 24. End edges 27, in the finished
state, form first end 12 and second end 14 of lining element 10 as seen in the
longitudinal direction L. The two side edges 24 are each subdivided into a
first side edge section 25 and a second side edge section 26, each essential-
ly having a rectilinear configuration, and converging to a point of
intersection
while defining a predetermined angle a. First side edge section 25 is associ-
ated with main pipe section 22 and second side edge section 26 is associat-
ed with branch pipe section 23.
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The three planar, flat lining parts 20 are connected to each other by means of
three connections 28 to form lining element 10. According to the illustrated
embodiment, each connection 28 is achieved by means of sewing and/or
gluing. However, other alternatives for joining lining parts 20 are also possi-
ble.
To achieve this, in a first step, two lining parts 20 are positioned side by
side
in such a manner that adjacent side edges 24 of the two lining parts 20, i.e.
their side edge sections 25, 26, are essentially adjacent to each other. Then,
these adjacent side edge sections 25, 26 are sewn and/or glued to each oth-
er to create a first connection 28. This sewing process can be carried out on
a planar support surface, which is much more advantageous than a radial
seam. Next, the third lining part can be positioned next to the free side edge
24 of one of the two already connected lining parts 20 in such a manner that
one side edge 24 of third lining part 20 is adjacent to a free side edge 24 of
the two already connected lining parts 20 or is positioned in a neighboring
fashion. Subsequently, these facing side edges 24 are sewn and/or glued
together to form a second connection 28. Now, the three lining parts 20 are
already connected to each other by means of two connections. As a last
step, the three connected lining parts 20 are positioned in such a manner, for
example, by slightly bending or folding them, such that the two remaining free
side edges 24 come to lie in a side-by-side or adjacent relationship. Hereaf-
ter, these two side edges 24 are sewn and/or glued together to form a third
connection 28. Finally, the thus formed lining element 10 can be pressed to
achieve the hat shape shown in Fig 1. As a final step, a reinforcing element
85 can be attached to lining element 10 in the area of its second end 14, for
example, by means of an adhesive connection (cf. Fig. 1). According to the
exemplary embodiment, reinforcing element 85 is a reinforcing ring of plastic
material. Reinforcing element 85 enables main pipe sections 22 of lining
parts 20 to form a dimensionally stable rim area.
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By connecting by means of connections 28, by shaping lining elements 20
connected to each other, and/or by attaching reinforcing element 85, a fold, a
kink or a bent area is formed in the transition area from main pipe section 22
to branch pipe section 23 (cf. broken line 29 in Fig. 1). This fold or kink 29
5 can have a curvilinear or annular configuration or be essentially
rectilinear.
The three main pipe sections 22 can thus together form a rim or a ring. Fur-
thermore, the three branch pipe sections 23 together can form a kind of
sleeve. Main pipe sections 22, in the installed position, i.e. after the
repair
action, are in snug contact with the main pipe, and branch pipe sections 23,
10 in the installed position, are in snug contact with the branch pipe,
such as a
house connection line.
Per the illustrated embodiment, the three connections 28 are continuously
configured, i.e. starting from one of the two end edges 27 to the other end
edge 27. The number of connections 28 thus corresponds to the number of
15 lining parts 20. Each of connections 28 extend along adjacent or facing
side
edges 24 of lining parts 20. In the case of configuring connection 28 as a
seam, this connection 28 can also be referred to as a longitudinal seam.
As an alternative, it can basically also be provided that some of the adjacent
side edges 24 overlap, and lining parts 20 form a connection 28 in the over-
20 lapping area. Furthermore, if connection 28 is configured as a seam and
ad-
ditional sealing is desired, an adhesive tape or masking tape can be applied
to the seam and/or along side edges 24.
Figures 4 to 6 show a second lining element 30 for the repair of a connection
area between a main pipe and a branch pipe. In contrast to the embodiment
according to Figures 1 to 3, the present lining element 30 comprises two dif-
ferent types of lining part, namely lining part 40 and lining part 41 (cf.
Fig. 6),
as initial elements for the manufacture of lining element 30. Fig. 4 is a
first
perspective view, and Fig. 5 is a further perspective view of lining element
30
from below and essentially along longitudinal direction L. Lining element 30
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consists of two lining parts 40 and two lining parts 41 and thus of a total of
four lining parts. As in the first embodiment, it essentially extends along
longi-
tudinal direction L and essentially has the shape of a hat. Fig. 6 is a plan
view
of lining parts 40, 41, cut to size and in a flat, planar configuration, as
initial
elements for lining element 30.
As seen in longitudinal direction L, lining element 30 comprises a first end
32
and a second end 34. Furthermore, each lining part 40, 41 comprises a main
pipe section 42 and a branch pipe section 43, which may be integrally con-
nected to each other. First end 32 of lining element 30 is thus formed by
branch pipe sections 43, and second end 34 of lining element 30 is formed
by main pipe sections 42 of lining parts 40, 41.
For the manufacture of second lining element 30, two of the initially flat,
pla-
nar lining parts 40, shown on the left in Fig. 6, and two of the initially
flat, pla-
nar lining parts 41, shown on the right in Fig. 6, are cut to size and
prepared.
The two lining parts 40 and the two lining parts 41 each essentially have the
same geometric shape defined by two end edges 47 and two side edges 44.
End edges 47, in the assembled state, as seen in the longitudinal direction L,
form first end 32 and second end 34 of lining element 30. The two side edges
44 of each lining part are subdivided into a first side edge section 45 and a
second side edge section 46, said first side edge section 45 being associated
with main pipe section 42 and said second side edge section 46 being asso-
ciated with branch pipe section 43. With lining part 40, side edge sections 46
and side edge sections 45 each essentially have a rectilinear configuration,
and converge to a point of intersection S while defining a predetermined an-
gle a. With lining part 41, side edge sections 46 and side edge sections 45
each essentially have a rectilinear configuration and extend on a common
axis.
The four flat, planar lining parts 40, 41 are connected to each other by means
of four connections 48 to form lining element 30. Per the illustrated embodi-
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ment, each connection 48 is created by sewing and/or gluing. However, other
alternatives for joining lining parts 40, 41, are also possible.
To achieve this, in a first step, a first lining part 40 and a second lining
part 41
are positioned side by side in such a manner that the two adjacent side edg-
es 44 of the two lining parts 40, 41 are in part essentially in contact with
each
other. Then these adjacent side edges 44 are sewn and/or glued together to
form a first connection 48. This sewing can be carried out on a planar support
surface, which is much more advantageous than a radial seam. Next, a third
lining part 40 can be positioned next to the free side edge 44 of one of the
two already connected lining parts 40, 41 in such a manner that one side
edge 44 of third lining part 40 is adjacent to a free side edge 44 of the two
already connected lining parts 40 or is positioned in a neighboring fashion.
Subsequently, these facing side edges 44 are sewn and/or glued together to
form a second connection 48. Following this, a fourth lining part 41 is at-
tached to the third lining part 40 by means of a seam as a third connection 48
in the manner already described.
The four lining parts 40, 41 have now been connected to each other using
three connections 48. As a next step, these four connected lining parts 40, 41
are positioned in such a way, for example by slightly bending or folding them,
such that the two remaining free side edges 44 come to lie in a side-by-side
or adjacent relationship. Subsequently, these two side edges 44 are sewn
and/or glued together to form a fourth connection 48. Finally, the lining ele-
ment 30 thus formed can be pressed to create the hat shape according to
Fig. 4.
Subsequently, if needed, a reinforcing element 85 can be attached to lining
element 30 in the area of its second end 34 (not shown), for example, by
means of an adhesive connection. In this context, reference is made to the
above explanations with respect to first lining element 10.
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By connecting by means of connections 48, forming the lining parts 40, 41
connected to each other and/or attaching reinforcing element 85, a fold or
kink, or a bent area (cf. broken line 49 in Fig. 4) is formed in the
transition
area from main pipe section 42 to branch pipe section 43. This fold or kink 49
can have a curvilinear or annular configuration or be essentially rectilinear.
The four main pipe sections 42 can thus together form a rim or a ring. Fur-
thermore, together the four branch pipe sections 43 can form a sleeve. Main
pipe sections 42, in the installed state, i.e. after the repair action, are in
snug
contact with the main pipe, and branch pipe sections 43, in the installed
state, are in snug contact with the branch pipe, such as a house connection
line.
According to the illustrated embodiment, the four connections 48 are contin-
uously configured, i.e. starting from one of the two end edges 47 to the other
end edge 47. The number of connections 48 thus corresponds to the number
of lining parts 40, 41. Each of connections 48 extend along adjacent or facing
side edges 44 of lining parts 40, 41. In the case of configuring connection 48
as a seam, this connection 48 can also be referred to as a longitudinal seam.
As an alternative, it can basically also be provided that some of the adjacent
side edges 44 overlap, and lining parts 40, 41 form a connection 48 in the
overlapping area. Furthermore, if connection 48 is configured as a seam and
additional sealing is desired, an adhesive tape or masking tape can be ap-
plied to the seam and/or along side edges 44.
Figures 7, 8 and 9 show further embodiments of lining elements according to
the present invention, which are based on first lining element 10 according to
Figures 1 to 3, and on second lining element 30 according to Figures 4 to 6
and include additional lining parts. Herein, Figures 7, 8 and 9, and similarly
Figures 2 and 5, are views of the respective lining element from below and
along longitudinal direction L.
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Lining element 50 according to Fig. 7 is thus composed of four essentially
similarly shaped lining parts 52, connected to each other by means of four
connections 58. To achieve this, neighboring, adjacent side edges 56 of the,
in total, four lining parts 52 are sewn and/or glued together according to the
procedure mentioned above.
Lining element 60 according to Fig. 8 is composed of four essentially
similarly
shaped lining parts 62 and two essentially similarly shaped, roughly rectan-
gular lining parts 63, connected to each other by means of six connections
68. For this purpose, the neighboring, adjacent side edges 66 of the, in
total,
six lining parts 62, 63 are sewn and/or glued together according to the proce-
dure mentioned above.
Lining element 70 according to Fig. 9 is composed of four essentially
similarly
shaped lining parts 72 and four essentially similarly shaped, roughly rectan-
gular lining parts 73, connected to each other by means of eight connections
78. For this purpose, the neighboring, adjacent side edges 76 of the, in
total,
eight lining parts 72, 73 are sewn and/or glued together according to the pro-
cedure mentioned above.
In all lining elements 50, 60 and 70 shown in Figs. 7, 8 and 9, connections
58, 68 and 78 extend in a manner corresponding to connections 28, 48 paral-
lel to longitudinal direction L, and thus normal to the drawing plane, and con-
tinue to the other ends of side edges 56, 66 and 76 (not shown).
As to the method of manufacturing lining elements 50, 60 and 70, reference
can be made to the above explanations with respect to lining elements 10
and 30.
Fig. 10 is a perspective view of first lining element 10 according to Fig. 1
connected to a branch pipe extension 90. With respect to the configuration
and manufacture of first lining element 10, reference can be made to the
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above explanations. Branch pipe extension 90, in the installed position, is in
snug contact with the branch pipe and can have a length of, for example, up
to about 20 m or more.
Branch pipe extension 90 comprises on principle at least one lining part 92.
5 In the embodiment shown in Fig. 10, a single lining part 92 is provided.
Ac-
cording to the illustrated embodiment, lining part 92 is made from a flat
sheet
material, i.e. a planar initial configuration, by rolling it and establishing
a con-
nection along longitudinal edges 96. According to Fig. 10, branch pipe exten-
sion 90 is connected to first end 12 formed by branch pipe sections 23 of lin-
10 ing parts 20 by means of at least one connection 99, such as by means of
sewing and/or gluing, said connection essentially extending radially in the
circumferential direction with respect to branch pipe extension 90. Branch
pipe extension 90 can thus be connected to lining element 10 by means of a
radial seam.
15 All lining elements 10, 30, 50, 60, 70 comprise at least one layer of
resin-
absorbing material 80, and optionally additionally at least one coating. This
resin-absorbing layer 80 comprises, per the illustrated embodiment, a fibrous
material, a non-woven material and/or a knitted spacer material. For exam-
ple, layer 80 can thus comprise, in particular, glass fibers, polyester
fibers,
20 polypropylene fibers, carbon fibers and/or aramid fibers. Of these compo-
nents only individual ones or any combinations can be used. Furthermore,
lining element 10, 30, 50, 60, 70 or its respective lining parts can comprise
a
plastic film as a fluid impermeable layer, such as a film of PVC or thermo-
plastic polyurethane. Such a coating can be applied to the layer of resin-
25 absorbing material 80 by laminating or by means of a calendar.
In particular, in the situations shown in Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 to 9, in the not-
yet
installed state, the coating is on the outside, and the resin-absorbing layer
80
is on the inside. In the finished, installed state, the coating will be on the
in-
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side, that is facing the longitudinal axis of the pipe, and the resin-
absorbing
layer 80 will be on the outside, that is facing the inner surface of the pipe.
Further embodiments of lining elements 100, 120, 130, 140, 150 according to
a further aspect of the invention will be described in the following with
refer-
ence to Figs. 11 to 21:
Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a sixth lining element 100 and a forming body
170.
Lining element 100 comprises a single lining part 102, which essentially has
the form of a hat and is used for repair purposes to seal cracks in the area
of
a joint between a main pipe and a branch pipe. Lining part 102 comprises a
sleeve area 103 and a rim area 104. Sleeve area 103, in the installation posi-
tion, will come to lie on the inside of the branch pipe. Rim area 104, in the
installation position, comes to lie on the inside of the main pipe. Lining ele-
ment 100 comprises a layer of resin-absorbing material 160 and a coating
(not shown).
In the situation shown in Fig. 11, preceding installation, the coating is on
the
outside and the resin-absorbing layer is on the inside. In the finished, in-
stalled state of lining element 100 in the pipe joint, the coating is on the
in-
side, which means facing the longitudinal axis of the pipe, and the resin-
absorbing layer 160 is on the outside, which means facing the inner side wall
of the pipe.
The one-piece lining part 102 is shown in its tubular pre-shaped preform in
Fig. 11. Lining element 100 can also be referred to as a semi-finished prod-
uct. First lining part 102 has a shape resembling a hat, where the outer con-
tour of lining part 102 extends from a sleeve area 103 into rim area 104 in an
arcuate fluid transition. Sleeve area 103 and rim area 104 thus consist of a
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single material piece, namely lining part 102. This lining part 102 can be pro-
vided with or without a coating.
Forming body 170 also shown in Fig.11 comprises a first end 172, a second
end 174 and a plurality of openings 176. To confer the tubular final shape to
lining part 102 shown in its tubular preform in Fig. 11, lining part 102 is
slipped over conical forming body 170 in the direction of the arrow over first
end 172 in the direction of end 174. During this slip-on process, layer 160,
and therefore lining part 102, is expanded. Lining part 102 is thus deformed
and assumes its final shape. Openings 176 in forming body 170 enable lining
part 102 to have heat applied to it by means of hot steam, enabling simplified
expansion or stretching. After deformation, a cooling process follows, where-
in lining part 102 remains on forming body 170, in order to consolidate the
established final shape of the lining part or in other words, to stabilize its
form. Furthermore, it can be provided that the coating is applied prior to or
after the forming method. This coating can also contribute to a consolidation
of the final shape. Furthermore, the coating, such as a film, can be config-
ured in such a manner that in the installed state, it prevents washing out of
the resin from the area to be repaired. Fig. 12 shows the tubular, preformed
lining part 102 in its final shape after deformation by means of forming body
170. The amount of deformation in rim area 104 is greater than in sleeve ar-
ea 103, since usually branch pipe 210 is oriented at a right angle to main
pipe 200 in the arcuate transition area between the two areas (see Fig. 13).
Fig. 13 shows a schematic cross section through joint 220 while indicating
first lining element 100 in a position not yet finally fixed at joint 220. In
the
area of joint 220, a branch pipe 210 meets a main pipe 200. Herein, lining
element 100 is in its final shape established by means of the previously de-
scribed method, wherein the layer of resin-absorbing material 160 has al-
ready been impregnated with a resin.
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To install lining element 100 for the repair of joint 220 at main pipe 200 and
branch pipe 210, a conventional repair method, in particular an inversion
method is used. Herein, first, rim area 104 is made to lie on the inner side
wall of main pipe 200 and pressed into contact there. Subsequently, sleeve
area 103 is inverted through the lower opening in rim area 104 so that layer
160 impregnated with resin comes to lie on the inner side wall of branch pipe
210. Then a calibrating hose, for example, is applied to lining element 100,
so that sleeve area 103, in particular, can be pressed against' the inner side
wall of branch pipe 210. By applying pressure by means of a fluid medium in
the calibration hose, sleeve area 103 and rim area 104 are pressed against
branch pipe 210 and main pipe 200, where the resin acting as an adhesive
glue has an attaching and sealing effect. After hardening of the resin, the re-
pair is complete and joint 220 is sealed. The arrows shown in Fig. 13 indicate
the directions in which areas 103, 104 come to lie on pipes 200, 210, where
they are fixedly attached to the pipe sections after hardening.
Fig.14 is a perspective view of sixth lining element 100, which is based on
the same preform as in Fig. 11, but has a different final shape. To achieve
this, for example, after expanding lining part 102 and applying hot steam to
it,
a further forming step can be carried out. A further forming body (not shown)
can be slipped, for example, over lining part 102 in such a manner, that
lining
part 102 is subjected to bending or folding in the transition area between
sleeve area 103 and rim area 104. Such a fold is indicated by the broken line
in Fig. 14. This different final shape of lining element 100 provides an even
better fit on the corresponding geometric shape of joint 220 to be repaired.
Fig. 15 is a perspective view of a seventh lining element 120. Lining element
120 consists of a single lining part 122 and thus has an integral or one-piece
configuration. This single lining part 122 has been cut from a flat, planar
lay-
ered material 160. Subsequently, the tubular preform is made from this pla-
nar, flat material by means of rolling. In the area of the two longitudinal
edge
areas, a side edge 124 is present on each side. After rolling into the preform
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the two side edges 124 are connected by means of a connection 126. This
connection 126 is, in the illustrated embodiment. a seam. Subsequently, the
tubular, preformed lining part 122 can be brought into the desired final shape
by means of forming body 170, as already described above. To seal the
seam, i.e. connection 126, an adhesive tape or masking tape can be applied
to the seam and along side edges 124.
Fig. 16 is a perspective view of an eighth lining element 130. In contrast to
the embodiment according to Fig. 15, this lining element 130 comprises two
lining parts 132 and 134. Figs. 17 and 18 show the initial elements for the
two
lining parts 132, 134 of lining element 130. Herein, Fig. 17 shows the geo-
metrically cut form for the flat, planar initial element of layer 160. Fig. 18
shows the half-shell shape produced from the flat initial shape by means of
bending or the like, for each of lining parts 132, 134. These lining parts
132,
134 can thus be produced from a flat, planar material, just like the lining
part
122 according to Fig. 15. Subsequently, the edge sections along the longitu-
dinal sides of lining parts 132, 134 are connected along their side edges 136.
Again, a seam is preferably used as a connection 138, wherein each of adja-
cent side edges 136 are directly or indirectly connected. After this
connection
of the two lining parts 132, 134, as explained with reference to Fig. 15, a
tub-
ular preform can be produced by means of forming body 170, followed by the
production of the tubular final shape.
Fig. 19 is a perspective view of a ninth lining element 140. This lining
element
140 has an essentially T-shaped configuration and comprises a larger lining
area provided for main pipe 200 compared to rim area 104 of the above-
described lining elements. This lining element 140 comprises a single lining
part 142. In a similar manner to that explained in Fig. 15, a connection 146
is
provided in the area of side edges 144, such as, for instance, in the form of
a
seam.
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Fig. 20 shows lining element 140 again, wherein, in contrast to Fig. 19, side
edges 144 are in an overlapping arrangement. This enables a tighter connec-
tion of side edges 144. The connection (not shown) of the two side edges
144 is also by means of a seam.
5 Fig. 21 shows a tenth lining element 150 having two lining parts 152 and
154,
similarly to lining element 130 in Fig. 16. The two lining parts 152 and 154
are connected to each other in the area of their side edges 156, each by
means of a connection 158, for instance a seam.
Figs. 22 to 24 show an eleventh lining element 300 for repairing a joint area
10 between a main pipe and a branch pipe. Eleventh lining element 300 com-
prises three different types of lining parts, namely lining part 310, lining
part
312 and lining part 314 as initial elements for the manufacture of the lining
element 300. Fig. 22 is a first perspective view of the eleventh lining
element
300, Fig. 23 is a second perspective view of the eleventh lining element 300
15 and Fig. 24 is a perspective view of the eleventh lining element 300 in
its in-
stalled state. Lining element 300 consists of two lining parts 310, two lining
parts 312 and two lining parts 314 and thus of a total of six lining parts.
The
six lining parts 310, 312, 314 have a planar, flat configuration, as initial
ele-
ments for the lining element 300.
20 Lining parts 310, 312 comprise a branch pipe section 316 and a rim pipe
sec-
tion 318, which are , per the illustrated embodiment, integrally connected. In
the installed position, the branch pipe section 316 is in snug contact with
the
branch pipe and the rim pipe section 318 is in snug contact with the main
pipe, in particular with a rim portion of the main pipe. The lining parts 310
25 have a nearly rectangular configuration. The lining parts 312 comprise a
first
rectangular section 320 with a nearly rectangular configuration and a second
rectangular section 322 with a nearly rectangular configuration, wherein said
first rectangular section 320 being associated with the rim pipe section 318
and said second rectangular section 322 being associated with the branch
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pipe section 316. The first rectangular section 320 is larger than the second
rectangular section 322. In the installed position, the first rectangular
section
320 is in snug contact with the main pipe, in particular with the rim portion
of
the main pipe, and second rectangular section 322 is in snug contact with the
branch pipe, The lining parts 314 comprise a main pipe section 323 with a
nearly rectangular configuration which, in the installed position, is only in
snug contact with the branch pipe.
To manufacture eleventh lining element 300, two of the initially flat, planar
lining parts 310, two of the initially flat, planar lining parts 312 and two
of the
initially flat, planar lining parts 314 are cut to size and prepared. The two
lin-
ing parts 310, the two lining parts 312 and the two lining parts 314 each es-
sentially have the same geometric shape. The geometric shape of the lining
parts 310 is defined by two end edges 324 and two side edges 326. The two
side edges 326 of the lining part 310 are subdivided into a first side edge
section 328 and a second side edge section 330. The first side edge section
328 of the lining parts 310 being associated with branch pipe section 316 and
the second side edge section 330 being associated with the rim pipe section
318. With lining part 310, side edge sections 328 and side edge sections 330
each essentially have a rectilinear configuration, and a converge to a point
of
intersection S while defining a predetermined angle a. The geometric shape
of the lining parts 312 is defined by two end edges 324 and two side edges
326. The two side edges 326 of the lining part 312 are subdivided into a first
side edge section 332, a second side edge section 334 and a third side edge
section 336. The first side edge section 332 of the lining parts 312 are asso-
ciated with branch pipe section 316 and the second and third side edge sec-
tions 334, 336 are associated with rim pipe section 318. With lining part 312,
first side edge sections 332, second side edge sections 334 and third side
edge sections 336 each essentially have a rectilinear configuration, wherein
first side edge sections 332 and second side edge sections 334 have a con-
verge to a first point of intersection Si while defining a predetermined first
angle al and wherein second side edge sections 334 and third side edge
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sections 336 have a converge to a second point of intersection S2 while de-
fining a predetermined second angle a2. The geometric shape of the lining
element 314 is defined by two end edges 324 and two side edges 326
wherein the side edges 326 of the lining part 314 have essentially a rectiline-
ar shape.
The six planar, flat lining parts 310, 312, 314 are connected to each other by
means of seven connections 338 to form the lining element 300 shown in Fig.
24. In the illustrated embodiment, each connection 338 is achieved by means
of sewing and/or gluing. However, other alternatives for joining lining parts
310, 312, 314 are also possible.
To achieve this, in a first step, a first lining part 310 and a second lining
part
312 can be positioned side by side in such manner that the adjacent side
edge 326 of the lining part 310 and the side edge sections 332, 334 of the
lining part 312 are in part essentially in contact with each other. Then, the
adjacent side edge 326 and the side edge sections 324, 326 are sewn and/or
glued together to form a connection 338. This sewing can be carried out on a
planar support surface, which is much more advantageous than a radial
seam. Next, a third lining part 310 can be positioned next to the free side
edge sections 332, 334 of the second lining part 312 in such a manner that
one side edge 326 of the third lining part 310 is adjacent to free side edge
sections 332, 334 of the second lining part 312 or is positioned in a neighbor-
ing fashion. Subsequently, these facing side edge 326 and side edge sec-
tions 332, 334 are sewn and/or glued together to form a second connection
338. Following this, a fourth lining part 312 is attached to the third lining
part
310 by means of a seam as a third connection 338 in the manner already
described.
The four lining parts 310, 312 have now been connected to each other using
three connections 338. As a next step, these four lining parts 310, 312 are
positioned in such a way, for example by slightly bending or folding them,
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such that the remaining free side edge 326 and the remaining free side edge
sections 332, 334 come to lie in a side-by-side or adjacent relationship. Sub-
sequently, the side edge 326 and the side edge sections 332, 334 are sewn
and/or glued together to form a fourth connection 338.
The four lining parts 310, 312 have now been connected to each other using
four connections 338. As a next step, a fifth lining part 314 having only a
main pipe section 323 can be positioned next to the free end edge 324 of the
lining part 310 and the free side edge sections 336 of the lining parts 312 in
such a manner that one side edge 326 of the lining part 314 is adjacent to
free side edge sections 336 of the lining parts 312 and free end edge 324 of
the lining part 310 or is positioned in a neighboring fashion. Subsequently,
these facing side edge 326, side edge sections 336 and end edge 324 are
sewn and/or glued together to form a fith connection 338.
As a next step, a six lining part 314 having only a main pipe section 323 can
be positioned next to the free end edge 324 of the lining part 310 and the
free
side edge sections 336 of the lining parts 312 in such a manner that one side
edge 326 of the lining part 314 is adjacent to free side edge sections 336 of
the lining parts 312 and free end edge 324 of the lining part 310 or is posi-
tioned in a neighboring fashion. Subsequently, these facing side edge 326,
side edge sections 336 and end edge 324 are sewn and/or glued together to
form a six connection 338.
Finally, the free side edges 326 of the lining parts 314 can be positioned
side
by side in such a manner that the side edges 326 of the lining parts 314 are
in part essentially in contact with each other (comparable to that shown in
Fig. 19) or the side edges 326 of the lining parts 314 are in an overlapping
arrangement (comparable to that shown in Fig. 20) forming a sleeve which in
the installed state is in snug contact with the main pipe. Subsequently,
theses
facing side edges 326 are sewn and/or glued together to form a seven con-
nection 338 as shown in Fig. 24.
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By connecting by means of connections 338, forming the lining parts 310,
312 connected to each other a fold or kink, or a bent area (cf. broken lines
340 in Figs. 22 to 24) is formed in the transition area from branch pipe sec-
tion 316 to rim pipe section 318. This fold or kink 340 can have a curvilinear
or annular configuration or be essentially rectilinear. Furthermore, together
the four branch pipe sections 316 can form a sleeve and together the rim
pipe sections and the two main pipe sections 320 can form a sleeve.
Per the exemplary embodiment, the seventh connections 338 are continu-
ously configured, i.e. starting from one of the two end edges 324 to the other
end edge 324 or starting from one side edge section 334 to the end edge
324. In the case of configuring connection 338 as a seam, this connection
338 can also be referred to as a longitudinal seam.
As an alternative, it can basically also be provided that some of the adjacent
side edges 326, side edge sections 328, 330, 332, 334, 336 and/or end edge
324 overlap, and lining parts 310, 312, 314 form a connection 338 in the
overlapping area. Furthermore, if connection 338 is configured as a seam
and additional sealing is desired, an adhesive tape or masking tape can be
applied to the seam, along side edges 326, side edge sections 328, 330,
332, 334, 336 and/or end edge 324.
Fig. 25 is a perspective view of an eleventh lining element 300 according to
Figs. 22 to 24 connected to a branch pipe extension 400. With respect to the
configuration and manufacture of eleventh lining element 300, reference can
be made to the above explanations. Branch pipe extension 400, in the in-
stalled position, is in snug contact with the branch pipe and can have a
length
of, for example, up to about 20 m or more.
Branch pipe extension 400 comprises in principle at least one lining part 402.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 24, a single lining part 402 is provided. Ac-
cording to the exemplary embodiment, lining part 402 is made from a flat
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sheet material, i.e. a planar initial configuration, by rolling it and
establishing
a connection along longitudinal edges 404. According to Fig. 25, branch pipe
extension 400 is connected to a first end formed by branch pipe sections 316
of lining parts 310, 312 by means of at least one connection 406, such as by
5 means of sewing and/or gluing, said connection extending radially in the
cir-
cumferential direction with respect to branch pipe extension 400. Branch pipe
extension 400 can thus be connected to lining element 300 by means of a
radial seam.
All lining elements 100, 120, 130, 140, 150, 300 comprise at least one layer
10 of resin-absorbing material 160 and optionally additionally at least one
coat-
ing. With respect to this resin-absorbing layer 160 and the coating, if any,
the
explanations given above with reference to lining elements 10, 30, 50, 60, 70
apply in an analogous fashion (cf. layer 80 and coating).
To position and finally fix in place each lining element 10, 30, 50, 60, 70,
100,
15 120, 130, 140, 150, 300 in its desired position at the joint position or
at the
connection area, a repair method is chosen in which lining element 10, 30,
50, 60, 70, 100, 120, 130, 140, 150, 300 is inverted. In this procedure,
lining
element 10, 30, 50, 60, 70, 100, 120, 130, 140, 150, 300 is turned inside out.
To achieve this, lining element 10, 30, 50, 60, 70, 100, 120, 130, 140, 150,
20 300 is reversed. Prior to inserting lining element 10, 30, 50, 60, 70,
100, 120,
130, 140, 150, 300 into the pipe to be repaired, resin-absorbing layer 80, 160
is impregnated with a resin. This resin, after final positioning and pressing
lining element 10, 30, 50, 60, 70, 100, 120, 130, 140, 150, 300 against the
inner side wall of the pipe, results in a sealing attachment of lining element
25 10, 30, 50, 60, 70, 100, 120, 130, 140, 150, 300 to the pipe. The resin
can be
hardened by applying a fluid medium (for example by means of a gaseous or
liquid medium), heat and/or light.
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It is important to note that the the present invention as shown and described
in this specification is illustrative only. And although several embodiments
of
the present invention are described in detail herein, those skilled in the art
will appreciate that many modifications are possible without materially depart-
ing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter recited.
Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the
scope of the present innovations.
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List of reference numerals
lining element 52 lining part
12 first end 56 side edge
14 second end 58 connection
lining part
22 main pipe section 60 lining element
23 branch pipe section 62 lining part
24 side edge 63 lining part
side edge section 66 side edge
26 side edge section 68 connection
27 end edge
28 connection 70 lining element
29 fold/kink 72 lining part
73 lining part
lining element
76 side edge
32 first end 78 connection
34 second end
lining part 80 resin-absorbing layer
41 lining part
42 main pipe section 85 reinforcing element
43 branch pipe section
44 side edge 90 branch pipe extension
side edge section
92 lining part
46 side edge section 96 longitudinal edge
47 end edge 98 connection
48 connection 99 connection
49 fold/kink
lining element
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100 lining element 176 openings
102 lining part
103 sleeve area 200 main pipe
104 rim area 210 branch pipe
220 joint
120 lining element
122 lining part 300 lining element
124 side edge 310 lining part
126 connection 312 lining part
314 lining part
130 lining element 316 branch pipe section
132 lining part 318 rim pipe section
134 lining part 320 rectangular section
136 side edge 322 rectangular section
138 connection 323 main pipe section
324 end edge
140 lining element 326 side edge
142 lining part 328 side edge section
144 side edge 330 side edge section
146 connection 332 side edge section
334 side edge section
150 lining element 336 side edge section
152 lining part 338 connection
154 lining part 340 kink
156 side edge
158 connection 400 branch pipe extension
160 resin-absorbing layer 402 lining part
404 longitudinal edge
170 forming body 406 connection
172 first end
174 second end L longitudinal direction
S point of intersection
Si point of intersection
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=
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S2 point of intersection
a angle
al angle
a2 angle
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