CRUSHING ROLLER FOR A ROLLER CRUSHER

CYLINDRE BROYEUR POUR BROYEUR A CYLINDRE

English Abstract

The invention relates to a drive train for a roller crusher having at least
one transmission and a
motor, wherein the motor drives the drive shaft of the transmission directly
and the output shaft
of the transmission directly drives the roller crusher. Driven directly, in
this context, means that
the force transmission occurs without slippage, meaning not via a belt drive
or something similar.
According to the invention, the transmission is designed such that the drive
and output shafts are
on the same side of the transmission and thus the motor and roller crusher are
also arranged on
the same side of the transmission. The drive train advantageously thus makes a
hairpin bend, by
means of which the total length of the crusher can be significantly reduced.
According to the
invention, an articulated shaft is particularly preferably arranged between
the motor and the
transmission or between the transmission and the roller crusher. The motor or
the crusher can
thus be advantageously arranged offset to the transmission, and the crusher
designed to be even
smaller. The effort required to align the motor shaft or the shaft of the
crusher roller with the
transmission shaft is furthermore advantageously eliminated.

French Abstract

Selon l'invention, au moins un disque de support est disposé entre les coques de broyage et l'arbre et relié à celui-ci de manière libérable. Selon l'invention, le disque de support est cylindrique. Un disque de support selon l'invention présente des moyens lui permettant d'être relié de manière libérable à un arbre à l'intérieur du cylindre et des moyens permettant de fixer des coques de broyage sur la surface extérieure du cylindre. La longueur axiale d'un disque de support dépend du cas concret d'application. Dans le cas le plus simple, un disque de support porte tous les outils de broyage du cylindre broyeur. Cependant, une pluralité de disques de support peuvent également être juxtaposés axialement. Un échange du ou des disques de support permet de modifier avantageusement la configuration du cylindre broyeur. Il existe ainsi la possibilité, par une modification relative de la position circonférentielle des moyens permettant une liaison libérable à un arbre, à l'intérieur du disque de support, par rapport à la position circonférentielle des moyens de fixation des coques de broyage sur la surface extérieure, de modifier la configuration du cylindre broyeur. Ainsi, l'alimentation du broyeur peut être modifiée facilement sans avoir à remplacer l'intégralité du cylindre broyeur.

Claims

Claims
1. A cylindrical support plate for a crushing roller having means for
detachable connection
to a shaft in the cylinder interior and means for fastening crushing shells on
the cylinder
outer surface, wherein the means for fastening the crushing shells are tongue
and groove
connections, which have a parallelogjam-shaped cross-sectional shape, in which
the acute
angle of the parallelogram points in the direction of rotation and wherein the
outer cross-
sectional of the cylindrical support plate shape is an n-gon.
2. The cylindrical support plate in accordance with claim 1 wherein the
outer cross-sectional
shape is a pentagon.
3. The cylindrical support plate in accordance with claim 1 or 2, wherein
the means for
detachable connection to a shaft is an axial tongue and groove connection.
4. The cylindrical support plate in accordance with claim 1 or 2, wherein
the inner cross-
sectional shape is circular.
5. The cylindrical support plate in accordance with claim 3, wherein a
plurality of adjusting
springs and grooves are provided distributed over the circumference as means
for
detachable connection to the shaft.
6. The cylindrical support plate in accordance with any one of claims 1-5,
wherein
additional threaded holes are provided as means for fastening the crushing
shells.
7. The cylindrical support plate in accordance with any one of claims 1-6,
wherein the
support plate has axially directed and inner through holes distributed over
the
circumference.
8. A crushing roller, having at least one support plate in accordance with
any one of claims
1 -7.
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9. The crushing roller in accordance with claim 8, wherein the at least one
support plate is
fastened by tension rods, which are guided through the axially directed inner
holes, and in
a fastening element, connected rigidly to the shaft.
10. The crushing roller in accordance with claim 9 wherein the at least one
support plate is
fastened by screwing.
11. The crushing roller in accordance with claim 9 or 10 wherein the
fastening element is a
flange.
12. The crushing roller in accordance with any one of claims 9-11, wherein
a fixed bearing
and a movable bearing are provided for mounting the crushing roller, and the
fastening
element is arranged on the fixed bearing side.
13. The crushing roller in accordance with any one of claims 8-12, wherein
the at least one
support plate has a multiple of grooves and tongues as the corresponding
grooves and
tongues on the shaft.
14. The crushing roller in accordance with any one of claims 8-13, wherein
crushing shells,
which have openings for inserting crushing chisels, are arranged on the at
least one
support plate.
15. The crushing roller in accordance with claim 14, wherein the crushing
chisels to be
inserted are round shank chisels and have a circumferential groove in the area
of the shaft,
which is the area to be inserted into the crushing shell, and a hole is
provided in the
crushing shell into which a pin is to be inserted, which meshes with the
circumferential
groove in the inserted state and consequently holds the round shank chisels in
the
crushing shell.

Description

CA 02909563 2015-10-15
,
e .
Crushing Roller for a Roller Crusher
The present invention pertains to a crushing roller for a roller crusher.
Any crusher which reduces the particle size of raw material by means of one or
more rotating
rollers or shafts and crushing tools arranged thereon is defined as a roller
crusher. A variety of
structural designs of crushing rollers are known.
In the simplest design, the crushing rollers have a one-piece design and must
be replaced as a
whole after the crushing tools are worn out. In addition, crushing rollers are
known, in which the
crushing tools are arranged in so-called crushing shells, wherein the crushing
shells are
detachably connected to the crushing roller. Thus, it becomes possible to
replace the crushing
tools without a complete disassembly of the crushing roller. This is
particularly advantageous
since time and costs required for maintenance can be reduced.
In an alternative design, the crushing tools are designed as crushing chisels,
which can be inserted
into corresponding openings in the crushing roller.
All prior-art solutions have in common that a change in the configuration of
the crushing roller,
i.e., a change in the positions of the crushing tools in the circumferential
direction for defining an
area for meshing is always connected with the replacement of the roller.
The object of the present invention is to propose a crushing roller with
variable positions of the
crushing tools.
This object is accomplished by a crushing roller according to claim 10 and a
support plate
according to claim 1, wherein preferred embodiments of the present invention
are the subject of
the subclaims.
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CA 02909563 2015-10-15
The terms axial, radial and in the circumferential direction refer below to
the shaft of the crushing
roller.
According to the present invention, the object is accomplished by at least one
support plate being
arranged between the crushing shells and the shaft, which support plate is
detachably connected
to said shaft. The support plate is designed here as cylindrical, wherein
cylindrical here means
that the support plate has the shape of a hollow cylinder with an outer area
and an inner area. In
this connection, the outer and inner areas may differ from one another, as a
result of which a
varying wall thickness of the support plate results.
Moreover, a support plate according to the present invention has means for
detachable connection
to a shaft in the cylinder interior and means for fastening crushing shells to
the cylinder outer
surface. The axial length of the support plate depends here on the specific
application. In the
simplest case, a support plate is provided, which supports all crushing tools
of the crushing roller.
However, a plurality of support plates may also be arranged axially next to
one another. The
configuration of the crushing roller may advantageously be changed by
replacing the support
plate or support plates. Thus, it is possible to change the configuration of
the crushing roller by
means of a relative change in the circumferential position of the means for
detachable connection
to a shaft in the interior of the support plate opposite the circumferential
position of the means for
fastening the crushing shells on the outer surface. The infeed behavior of the
crusher may thus be
advantageously changed in a simple manner without replacing the entire
crushing roller.
The outer cross-sectional shape is particularly preferably an n-gon,
especially a pentagon,
wherein a crushing shell is to be fastened on each outer surface of the n-gon.
The means for detachable connection to a shaft are particularly preferably an
axial tongue and
groove connection. For this, a groove or a tongue is prepared in the axial
direction to the outside
on the shaft and correspondingly on the inner surface of the support plate.
The tongue and
groove connection is able to transmit the drive torque of the crushing roller
very well and is, in
addition, simple to prepare and cost-effective.
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CA 02909563 2015-10-15
4
'
The inner cross-sectional shape of the support plate or plates is particularly
preferably circular. It
is advantageously adapted to the standard shaft shape. As an alternative,
rectangular or star-
shaped inner cross-sectional shapes of the support plates with corresponding
shaft cross sections
would also be possible. This is, however, considerably cost-intensive.
Furthermore, a plurality of adjusting springs and grooves as means for
detachable connection to a
shaft are preferably provided distributed over the circumference. The torque
that can be
transmitted by the connection may thus be advantageously increased.
Furthermore, the means for fastening the crushing shells on the support plate
or support plates are
preferably tongue and groove connections. In addition, threaded holes are
particularly preferably
additionally provided in the radial direction for fastening screws as means
for fastening the
crushing shells.
This tongue and groove connection especially preferably has a parallelogram-
shaped cross-
sectional shape, wherein the acute angle of the parallelogram points in the
direction of rotation.
Due to the slope of the flank of the tongue, the tangential crushing force
thus advantageously
generates a force of pressing the crushing shell onto the support plate. In
principle, all forms of
tongue and groove connection which generate a pressing-on force are preferred.
For clarification,
it is noted that the tongue does not have to be an extra component, but rather
may also be an
integral component of the support plate or the shaft. The tongue is
particularly preferably an
integral component of the support plate.
In addition, the crushing shell with the support plate preferably has an
adjusting spring
connection in the circumferential direction, which absorbs axial forces.
Furthermore, a support plate preferably has axially directed and through holes
distributed over
the circumference. Tension rods are guided through these holes and connected,
and particularly
screwed, to a fastening element rigidly connected to the shaft. In this
connection, the fastening
element is, for example, a flange of the shaft with axial holes. The support
plates arranged
axially next to one another are consequently braced with one another.
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CA 02909563 2015-10-15
In addition, the axial inner holes may advantageously be used for detaching
the support plates
from the shaft. For this, additional holes may also particularly
advantageously be provided in the
axial direction, which do not form a through hole in the installed state of
the support plates.
Thus, it is advantageously possible to compress and thus to detach one support
plate after the
other through the holes. The compression is preferably hydraulic.
Moreover, a fixed bearing and a movable bearing are preferably provided for
mounting the
crushing roller. In this case, the fastening element is arranged on the fixed
bearing side. The
axial forces are thus advantageously fed in by the fastening means in a
defined manner.
Particularly preferably, the support plates have a multiple of grooves and
tongues as the
corresponding grooves and tongues on the shaft. Thus, the same support plate
may
advantageously be fastened in various circumferential positions on the shaft.
Furthermore, the crushing shells preferably have openings for the insertion of
crushing chisels.
The crushing chisels can thus advantageously be replaced in a simple manner.
Particularly preferably, the crushing chisels to be inserted have a
circumferential groove in the
area to be inserted. In the crushing shells, a corresponding hole is provided,
into which a pin is to
be inserted, which meshes with the circumferential groove in the inserted
state and consequently
holds the crushing chisels in the crushing shell. The crushing chisels may
thus advantageously be
rotated about themselves under load, as a result of which a uniform wear is
ensured.
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is explained below on the
basis of figures. In
the drawings,
Figure 1 shows a shaft of a crushing roller with support plates and crushing
shells according to
the present invention,
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CA 02909563 2015-10-15
Figure 2 shows the shaft from Figure 1 without crushing shells,
Figure 3 shows a support plate with partially mounted crushing shells,
Figure 4 shows the cross-sectional profile of a support plate,
Figure 5 shows the lateral view of a crushing shell, and
Figure 6 shows the sectional view of a crushing shell in the area of a round
shank chisel.
Figure 1 shows a shaft 1 of a crushing roller according to the present
invention with three support
plates, on which crushing shells 2 are mounted. The shaft 1 is mounted on one
side with a fixed
bearing 11 and on the other side with a movable bearing 12. The shaft 1 has,
furthermore, a
flange 13 on the side of the fixed bearing 11.
Figure 2 shows a support plate 2 according to the present invention partially
with mounted
crushing shells 3, into which round shank chisels 4 are inserted. The support
plates 2 have driver
springs 21, which absorb the tangential crushing force and in addition are
used for fastening the
crushing shells 3 on the support plates 2. Furthermore, the support plates 2
have through holes
22 in the axial direction. Tension rods 5, which are seen in Figure 1, are
guided through these
holes and braced against the flange 13 with nuts 15.
Figure 3 shows the cross-sectional profile of a support plate 2 by means of a
lateral view. This
plate has a pentagonal outer area with equal side lengths and a largely
circular inner area. A
crushing shell 2 is to be fastened on each of the five sides on the outer
area, for which a driver
spring 21 is provided. The driver spring 21 has the shape of a parallelogram,
wherein the front
side in the direction of rotation forms the acute angle with the side surface
of the support plate 2,
as a result of which the tangential crushing force is advantageously used for
pressing the crushing
shell 3 onto the support plate 2. Furthermore, the axial holes 22 for guiding
through the tension
rods (five in Figure 1) are seen in Figure 3. Additional, likewise axial holes
25 are used to pull
the support plates 2 from the shaft 1 by means of hydraulic pressure. For this
purpose, for
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CA 02909563 2015-10-15
example, special hydraulic cylinders, which are coupled with one another, are
screwed into the
holes of the support plates at the end position. For this, these cylinders
have an outer thread on
the cylinder tube on the side of the piston rod. Since the stroke of the
cylinders is limited, i.e., is
smaller than the available pull-off length of the support plates themselves,
pressing bolts are
inserted as piston rod extension into the holes in the corresponding different
lengths, with
increasing lengths.
Two grooves 26, which correspond with tongues 14 on the shaft 1, are arranged
on the inner
circular cross-sectional surface. These grooves are used for transmitting the
torque from the shaft
1 to the support plates 2.
Figure 5 shows a crushing shell 3, which accommodates two round shank chisels
4, but only one
round shank chisel 4 is seen in the figure, the other lies directly behind it,
as can be seen in Figure
2.
Toothed front webs 32, which have a wedge-shaped design and consequently
support the
secondary crushing, are arranged under the round shank chisels 4 in
extensively the radial
direction. Viewed in the direction of rotation, toothed back plates 33, which
likewise have a
wedge-shaped design, are arranged behind the round shank chisel 4, and a
toothed intermediate
web 34, which likewise has a wedge-shaped design, creates the connection to
the next round
shank chisel 4 arranged behind it.
Last but not least, holes are arranged in the crushing shell 3 for guiding
through a pin 34, which
represents a loss protection for the round shank chisel 4. In order to prevent
a slipping out of the
pin 35, its ends are secured with nuts.
Figure 6 shows a sectional view of a round shank chisel 4 in a crushing shell
2. The round shank
chisel 4 has a circumferential groove 41 in its rear area. In the inserted
state, this circumferential
groove 41 corresponds with the holes in the crushing shell 3 for the pin 35
(Figure 4). A striking
pin 42 is arranged in the crushing shell 3 behind the round shank chisel 4.
The striking pin 42
has in its nature the function for replacing the round shank chisel as
described below and its
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CA 02909563 2015-10-15
function includes the advantageous cleaning of the hole in the crushing shell
3 for the functional
receiving of a new round shank chisel 4. A striking opening 43 in the crushing
shell 3, through
which the striking pin 42 can be reached, is located on the rear side. A round
shank chisel 4 is
replaced in the following steps:
- Remove the pin 35,
- apply a striking force on the striking pin 42 and consequently drive
out the round shank chisel
4 forwards,
- remove the round shank chisel 4,
- insert the new round shank chisel 4, and
- secure the round shank chisel 4 by inserting and fastening the pin 35.
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CA 02909563 2015-10-15
List of Reference Numbers
1 Crushing roller
11 Fixed bearing
12 Movable bearing
13 Flange
14 Tongue
Nut
2 Support plate
10 21 Driver spring
22 Hole
23 Adjusting spring
24 Threaded hole
Hole
15 26 Groove
3 Crushing shell
31 Groove for the driver spring
32 Toothed front web
33 Toothed back plate
20 34 Toothed intermediate web
4 Round shank chisel
41 Groove
42 Striking pin
43 Striking opening
25 5 Tension rod
8

Representative Drawing