Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Description
Capacitor device
The invention relates to a capacitor device comprising a
plurality of capacitor elements which are disposed so as to be
mutually adjacent and in each case comprise at least two
electrodes and at least one dielectric medium interdisposed
between the electrodes.
Electrical capacitor devices typically have a multiplicity of
electrical capacitor elements which are disposed in rows or
stacks, so as to be mutually adjacent. Each capacitor element
is formed from at least two electrodes and at least one
dielectric medium interdisposed between the electrodes.
Capacitor devices of this type are employed, for example, as
power capacitors in the field of power engineering for
transmitting and distributing electric power in or between
power distribution networks.
It is known that mechanical vibrations may be created in the
capacitor device or in those components that are associated with
the latter, in particular in the dielectric media forming parts
of respective capacitor elements, on account of the alternating
voltages which due to operational causes are applied to such a
capacitor device or of alternating currents which due to
operational causes flow therethrough, respectively. The
mechanical vibrations may lead to generation of considerable
noise. The generation of noise may be of such a high manner
that relevant regulations and limit values are exceeded.
Attempts which have been made to date and which are aimed at
reducing mechanical vibrations which are created due to
operational causes in respective capacitor devices, or the
resulting generation of noise, respectively, are often not
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satisfactory. The invention is based on the object of providing
a capacitor device which in relation thereto is improved.
The object is achieved according to the invention by a capacitor
device of the type mentioned at the outset, which is distinguished
in that at least one visco-elastic damping element is
interdisposed between at least two capacitor elements which are
disposed so as to be mutually adjacent.
The principle according to the invention is based on the concept
of subdividing a capacitor device which is formed from a
plurality, i.e. typically a plurality of dozens, of capacitor
elements which are disposed so as to be mutually adjacent into
specific sub-units or sub-units which are disposed in a specific
manner, respectively, by means of visco-elastic damping elements
which are interdisposed between the capacitor elements which are
disposed so as to be mutually adjacent or groups of capacitor
elements which are disposed so as to be mutually adjacent. A sub-
unit here is composed of one capacitor element or one group of a
plurality of capacitor elements which are disposed so as to be
mutually adjacent.
The size, i.e. the number of capacitor elements which is comprised
by one sub-unit, is defined by selecting the positioning of the
= damping elements between the capacitor elements which are
typically disposed in the manner of a row or a stack. The number
of respective capacitor elements which are assigned to a sub-unit
is to be selected in particular with consideration to the total
number of capacitor elements and the configuration possibility of
respective mechanical vibrations by the capacitor device assigned
thereto. In principle, the number of respective capacitor elements
which are assigned to one sub-unit, i.e. the size of respective
sub-units, is arbitrary.
The fashion of the arrangement of respective sub-units, or the
selection of the sequence which determines the order of the sub-
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units, respectively, is also defined by selecting the positioning
of the damping elements between the capacitor elements. In this
way a uniform subdivision of the capacitor device into respective
sub-units may be formed by a regular sequence or arrangement,
respectively, of respective damping elements between the capacitor
elements, for example.
A regular sequence of respective sub-units is defined in
particular when at least one damping element is interdisposed
between all capacitor elements which are disposed so as to be
directly mutually adjacent.
An irregular sequence or arrangement, respectively, of
respective damping elements accordingly forms an irregular
subdivision of the capacitor device into respective sub-units.
It is also conceivable that specific portions of the capacitor
device are subdivided into regular sub-units, and other
portions of the capacitor device are subdivided into irregular
sub-units. Viewing the entire capacitor device, the latter thus
may at least in regions comprise sub-units which are disposed
so as to be in a regular sequence, or at least in regions
comprise sub-units which are disposed so as to be in an
irregular sequence, respectively.
The visco-elastic damping element may be interdisposed across
the entire area of two capacitor elements which are disposed so
as to be mutually adjacent, such that the former in each case
fully covers the directly mutually adjoining faces of the
latter. However, it is also conceivable that the damping
element covers the directly mutually adjoining faces of
respective capacitor elements only in regions or in part. For
example, one or a plurality of damping elements which are
configured in a strip-like manner may in each case and in
particular in their entirety cover the directly mutually
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adjoining faces of respective capacitor elements only in
regions.
A visco-elastic damping element employed according to the
invention is generally a component which is configured to
dampen, i.e. to at least attenuate, respective mechanical
vibrations which are created due to operational causes in the
capacitor device, i.e. in particular in the capacitor elements.
A visco-elastic damping element may thus be configured at least
in part to absorb respective mechanical vibrations, so as to
convert the mechanical vibrational energy thereof into thermal
energy, for example. The visco-elastic properties and thus the
visco-elastic behavior of the visco-elastic damping element
therefore has a high viscous component and thus a high
absorbing capability in relation to respective vibrations which
due to operational causes are caused within the capacitor
device or the capacitor elements, respectively.
It follows therefrom that the visco-elastic damping element(s)
is/are linked to the capacitor elements in such a manner that
the mechanical vibrations which due to operational causes are
created in the latter can be directed into the damping
elements. Accordingly, the damping elements are expediently
disposed so as to directly adjoin the faces of respective
capacitor elements which are disposed so as to be directly
opposite, i.e. to contact the latter.
Overall, the interdisposition of one or a plurality of
respective damping elements between two capacitor elements
which are disposed so as to be mutually adjacent or groups of
capacitor elements which are disposed so as to be mutually
adjacent offers the potential of mechanically and in particular
acoustically separating the latter. The potential for
propagation and intensification of vibrations or vibration
amplitudes, respectively, which are formed within the capacitor
device or the respective capacitor elements, respectively, is
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thus precluded or at least reduced, respectively. This leads to
noise generation during operation of the capacitor device which
in comparison is significantly reduced. The damping elements
which are provided according to the invention may also lead to
a shift in the resonance frequencies due to operational causes
to a higher frequency range.
In particular, the subdivision of the capacitor device into
respective sub-units, i.e. small groups of capacitor elements,
for example, leads to a shift in the resonance frequency of the
respective sub-unit or the group of capacitor elements,
respectively, to higher frequencies, on account of which the
noise level in the range of comparatively low frequencies is
disproportionately reduced. Since significantly lower
excitation of the vibrations takes place in the range of higher
frequencies, the entire noise level which is created due to
operational causes is considerably reduced on account of the
subdivision of the capacitor device into respective capacitor
elements or groups of capacitor elements. The visco-elastic
damping elements thus have the primary task or function,
respectively, of acoustically delinking the individual
capacitor elements or groups of capacitor elements,
respectively, wherein at the same time the mechanical forces
which are required for mechanical assembly are imparted by the
preferably planar contact between the visco-elastic damping
elements and the respective capacitor elements.
Should a plurality of damping elements be provided, these may
have visco-elastic properties which differ among the damping
elements or display different visco-elastic behavior,
respectively. It is enabled in this manner that with a view to
typical operating conditions which in particular relate to the
electrical charges which during operation are applied to the
respective capacitor elements, the capacitor device according
to the invention is equipped so as to be suited to the
requirements and in an individualized manner with damping
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elements having various visco-elastic properties and thus with
variable visco-elastic behavior. It is also conceivable, of
course, that all employed damping elements have identical
visco-elastic properties and thus display identical visco-
elastic behavior.
The visco-elastic properties or the visco-elastic behavior,
respectively, of a corresponding damping element are determined
in particular by the specific configuration of the damping
element.
The visco-elastic damping element is preferably formed from one
visco-elastic material or from a plurality of optionally
different visco-elastic materials. The visco-elastic damping
element may also comprise at least one visco-elastic material
or a plurality of optionally different visco-elastic materials.
In principle, a visco-elastic damping element accordingly may
be a body which itself has been formed from one or a plurality
of optionally different visco-elastic materials. However, it is
also conceivable that a visco-elastic damping element comprises
one or a plurality of optionally different visco-elastic
materials or bodies, respectively, contained in a receptacle, a
sheath, or similar, which is provided therefore, for example.
In the concept of the present invention, materials or products,
respectively, which are listed in the following may be
considered to be corresponding visco-elastic materials both
individually as well as in mixtures.
A visco-elastic material which forms the visco-elastic damping
element or is comprised therein may be a natural and/or
synthetic elastomeric material which is in particular based on
an organic plastics material and/or silicone, for example. The
visco-elastic material may thus be present in the form of a
natural or synthetic elastomer. In relation to the visco-
elastic properties thereof, elastomers have a comparatively
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high viscous content and thus a comparatively high vibration-
absorbing capacity and to this extent are very suitable for the
employment envisaged according to the invention as a visco-
elastic damping element or as part of a visco-elastic damping
element. All types of natural or synthetic elastomers, rubbers,
or natural rubbers may be used. Reference is made in a purely
exemplary manner to natural rubber, to synthetic elastomers,
i.e. such which are based on plastics materials or polymer,
respectively, and to silicone caoutchouc.
In order for the visco-elastic properties of the elastomeric
material to be influenced, i.e. in order for the viscous
component of the visco-elastic properties to be increased, the
elastomeric material may be filled with organic and/or
inorganic filler materials, in particular particulate filler
materials. The shape, size, and concentration of the filler
material(s) here are to be chosen in principle with a view to
the construction of a capacitor device, i.e. in particular to
the composition of the capacitor elements which form the
latter, and to the associated potentiaL of configuring
corresponding mechanical vibrations.
The visco-elastic material which forms the visco-elastic
damping element or is comprised therein may also be a cellular
foam material. On account of in particular the network-like
cellular structure thereof, foam materials may be distinguished
by a high absorbing capacity in relation to corresponding
mechanical vibrations. The intermediate spaces between cells
which are formed by the cellular structure of the foam material
may be filled with viscous materials, such as, for example,
viscous fluids, so as to increase the viscous component or the
viscous behavior of the fundamentally visco-elastic foam
material.
In this context it is advantageous for the foam material at
least in part to have open cells. The open-cell structure of
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the foam material allows communication between the intermediate
spaces between cells which are delimited by cell walls, so that
a viscous fluid is able to be readily distributed within the
foam material as well as to move into and out of the foam
material. Particularly expediently, the intermediate cellular
spaces of the foam material may at least in part be filled with
an isolation medium, in particular an isolation oil, which
surrounds the capacitor elements. The isolation medium, i.e. in
particular the isolation oil, thus serves for adjusting or
increasing, respectively, the viscous component of the visco-
elastic properties of the foam material.
The foam material may for example be an in particular open-cell
plastics foam based on a foamable plastics material, such as,
for example, polyamide, polyethylene,
polypropylene,
polystyrene, or mixtures thereof.
= The visco-elastic material which forms the visco-elastic
damping element or which is comprised therein may also be a
textile material. The textile material may be a woven textile
fabric, a knitted textile fabric, or a warp-knitted textile
fabric, for example. The visco-elastic properties, i.e. in
particular the viscous component thereof, of the textile
material may be defined or influenced, respectively, in
particular by the material forming the latter and the
arrangement or orientation of the fibers, respectively.
The textile material may be a fibrous material formed from
oriented or non-oriented fibers, for example. This here may be
an oriented fibrous product, i.e. a cross-laid fibrous
structure, such as a mat, for example, or a non-oriented
fibrous product, i.e. a random fibrous structure, such as a
felt, for example. The fibers may be natural fibers, man-made
fibers, or mixtures thereof.
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In order for as high a viscous component of the visco-elastic
properties of the textile material as possible to be
implemented, the use of a fiber having a comparatively low
elasticity and thus comparatively high viscosity and which is
in as non-oriented a state as possible is to be envisaged in
particular. The fibers which form the textile material may be
loosely interconnected. In order for the viscous component of
the visco-elastic properties of the textile material to be
increased, the textile material moreover may be infused with a
viscous medium, such as for example an elastic or rubber-like
resin, respectively, or with a viscous liquid. Accordingly, it
is also conceivable here for the textile material at least in
part to be infused with an isolation medium, in particular an
isolation oil, which surrounds the capacitor elements.
The visco-elastic material which forms the visco-elastic
damping element or is comprised therein may also be a loose
material filling from at least one bulk material. The visco-
elastic properties, i.e. in particular the viscous component
thereof, may be defined or influenced, respectively, in
particular by the type, size, and distribution and the density
resulting substantially therefrom of the bulk material (bulk
product) which forms the material filling.
The bulk material may be composed of organic and/or inorganic,
in particular particulate and/or fibrous bulk products, for
example. The bulk products thus may be in the form of inorganic
particles composed of ceramic and/or silicon oxide and/or
organic particles from plastics materials, in particular
elastomers, for example.
The potential which has been mentioned with reference to the
embodiments of the visco-elastic material as a foam material or
as a textile material for infusion with a viscous fluid, i.e.
in particular with an isolation medium which surrounds the
capacitor elements, such as an isolation oil, is also
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implementable with reference to the embodiment of the visco-
elastic material as a filling material. It is expedient in this
context for the bulk material to be received in a receptacle
which is permeable to an isolation medium, in particular an
isolation oil, which surrounds the capacitor elements. The
receptacle may for example be a perforated bag from a plastics
material, wherein the size of the perforations is selected such
that the bulk material which is located within the bag cannot
make its way out of the bag, whereas the isolation fluid may
make its way through the perforations to the interior of the
bag, such that the bulk material may be infused with the
isolation fluid. Intermediate spaces which may optionally be
present between the bulk products may be filled by the
isolation fluid which has made its way between the bulk
products forming the bulk material.
It applies to all embodiments of the capacitor device according
to the invention that the visco-elastic material which forms
the visco-elastic damping element or is comprised therein is
stable in such a manner in particular in relation to thermal
and/or optionally corrosive influences that it is not damaged
under the operating conditions of the capacitor device
according to the invention.
It furthermore applies to all embodiments of the capacitor
device according to the invention that apart from the described
= capacitor elements a capacitor device according to the
invention typically has a housing in which the capacitor
elements are disposed in the manner of a row or a stack. The
housing may at least in part be filled with an electrically
isolating medium, i.e. an isolation medium, such as an
isolation oil, for example. The housing is expediently equipped
with suitable electrical connector elements for the capacitor
elements which are received within said housing. The capacitor
elements may comprise electrodes which are formed from one or a
plurality of layers of electrically conductive foils, such as
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metal foils, for example, in particular from aluminum, and a
dielectric medium which is formed from one or a plurality of
layers of electrically isolating films, such as plastics
material films, for example, in particular from polyethylene,
polypropylene, or polyethylene terephthalate.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is
provided a capacitor device comprising a plurality of capacitor
elements which are disposed so as to be mutually adjacent and
in each case comprise at least two electrodes and at least one
dielectric medium interdisposed between the electrodes, wherein
at least one visco-elastic damping element is interdisposed
between at least two capacitor elements which are disposed so
as to be mutually adjacent, for mechanical and acoustic
separation of the capacitor elements.
Further advantages and details of the present invention are
derived from the exemplary embodiments which are described
hereunder, and by means of the drawings in which:
Figs. 1 - 4 show in each case an in-principle illustration
of a sectional view through a capacitor device
according to one exemplary embodiment of the
invention; and
Fig. 5 shows a schematic illustration of a damping
element interdisposed between two capacitor
elements.
Fig. 1 shows an in-principle illustration of a sectional view
through a capacitor device 1 according to one exemplary
embodiment of the invention. The capacitor device 1 may be
employed as power capacitors in the field of power engineering
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for transmitting and distributing electric power in or between
power distribution networks, for example.
The capacitor device 1 comprises an ashlar-shaped housing 2. A
plurality of capacitor elements 3 are disposed so as to be
mutually adjacent in the housing 2. Notwithstanding the fact
that only three capacitor elements 3 are shown in fig. 1, the
capacitor device 1 comprises a multiplicity, i.e. typically a
plurality of dozens, of corresponding capacitor elements 3 in a
row-like or stack-like arrangement.
Each capacitor element 3 is composed of two electrodes 4, in
each case one dielectric medium 5 being interdisposed between
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them. The electrodes 4 typically are thin metal foils from
aluminum. The electrodes 4 here may in each case comprise a
plurality of layers of corresponding metal foils. The
dielectric medium 5 is typically thin plastics material films,
for example from polypropylene. The dielectric medium 5 may
also comprise a plurality of layers of corresponding plastics
material films. Both the metal foils which form the electrodes
4 as well as the plastics material films which form the
dielectric medium 5 may be available in a wound form. A
corresponding capacitor element 3 may have a wound structure.
The receptacle space which receives the individual capacitor
elements 3 and which to this end is provided within the housing
2 is filled with an isolation fluid in the form of an isolation
oil. In this manner it is possible for an electrical isolation
to be implemented in particular between the capacitor elements
3 and the housing 2. It is also conceivable in this context for
the inner faces of the housing 2, which define the receptacle
space for the capacitor elements 3, to be provided with an
electrically isolating cladding or coating.
The housing 2 is equipped with electrical connector elements 6
which are electrically connected to the capacitor elements 3.
Mechanical tensions and mechanical vibrations resulting
therefrom may be created in the respective dielectric media 5,
on account of the electrical loads which during operation of
the capacitor device I are applied to the electrodes 4 of the
respective capacitor elements 3. The mechanical vibrations may
be disseminated through the respective capacitor elements 3 up
to the housing 2 and thus lead to generation of considerable
noise.
In particular, intimate mechanical contact between capacitor
elements 3 which are disposed so as to be mutually adjacent
leads to acoustic coupling therebetween, so that the resonance
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frequency of the arrangement in relation to the natural
mechanical frequency of an individual capacitor element 3 may
shift to lower frequencies. Since damping in general is
considerably lower in the case of lower frequencies than in the
case of higher frequencies, the vibrations are generated and
radiated in a particularly intense manner in particular in the
range of the lower frequencies.
In order for this to be prevented or at least reduced,
respectively, visco-elastic damping elements 7 are
interdisposed between the capacitor elements 3. Mechanical and
acoustic separation or decoupling, respectively, of individual
capacitor elements 3 or a plurality thereof is implemented by
way of the damping elements 7.
The visco-elastic damping elements 7 which typically directly
bear on the capacitor elements 3 are configured in such a
manner that they at least in part absorb the mechanical
vibrations which due to operational causes are created in the
capacitor elements 3. The visco-elastic properties of the
visco-elastic damping elements 7 have a high viscous component,
so as to ensure a high degree of absorption in relation to the
mechanical vibrations which due to operational causes are
created in the capacitor elements 3. In particular, shifting of
the resonance frequency of the mechanical vibrations toward
higher frequency ranges may be enabled by way of the visco-
elastic damping elements 7.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic illustration of a visco-elastic
damping element 7 which is interdisposed between two capacitor
elements 3. The visco-elastic behavior of the visco-elastic
damping element 7 is schematically illustrated by way of a
spring-and-damper model. As has been mentioned, in the case of
the visco-elastic damping elements 7 which are employed
according to the invention, in principle a visco-elastic
behavior having as high a viscous component as possible is
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envisaged, so as to implement as high an absorption capacity as
possible in relation to the mechanical vibrations which due to
operational causes are created in the capacitor elements 3.
The interdisposition of the visco-elastic damping elements 7
between the capacitor elements 3 may be regular or irregular.
Consequently, by way of the damping elements 7 a regular or
irregular subdivision of the capacitor device 1 into
corresponding sub-units which are in each case formed from at
least one capacitor element 3 may be performed.
Optionally,
the interdisposition of the visco-elastic damping elements 7
between the capacitor elements 3 in relation to the overall
construction of the capacitor device 1, that is to say in
particular the total number of the capacitor elements 3
comprised therein, may also be regular in regions or be
irregular in regions, respectively. The visco-elastic damping
elements 7 which are interdisposed between corresponding
capacitor elements 3 may likewise vary in terms of numbers and
construction.
The visco-elastic properties or the visco-elastic behavior,
respectively, of a corresponding visco-elastic damping element
7 are based on the latter being formed from at least one or a
plurality of optionally different visco-elastic materials. It
is also conceivable for a corresponding visco-elastic damping
element 7 to comprise one or a plurality of optionally
different visco-elastic materials.
In the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 1, the visco-elastic
material which forms the visco-elastic damping element 7 is an
elastomeric material. The elastomeric material may be a natural
or a synthetic elastomer, for example. The natural elastomer
may for example be available in the form of natural rubber or
natural caoutchouc, respectively. The synthetic elastomer may
be available as a polymer caoutchouc elastomer or as a silicone
caoutchouc, for example. The elastomeric material may also be
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formed from mixtures of natural and synthetic elastomeric
materials.
It is conceivable for the elastomeric material to be filled
with organic and/or inorganic, in particular particulate filler
materials. The filler materials may be plastics material and/or
ceramic particles, for example. In this manner, an adjustment
of the visco-elastic and thus acoustic-mechanical properties of
the visco-elastic material is possible, so =as to obtain
absorption which is as optimal as possible and thus damping of
the mechanical vibrations which due to operational causes are
created in the capacitor elements 3. It should again be pointed
out in this context that the visco-elastic material which forms
the visco-elastic damping element 7 should have a viscous
component which is as high as possible. The selection of filler
material and the concentration of filler material thus has to
be oriented toward establishing as high a viscous behavior as
possible of the visco-elastic damping element 7.
Fig. 2 shows an in-principle illustration of a sectional view
through a capacitor device according to one further exemplary
embodiment of the invention. The substantial difference between
the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 2 and the exemplary
embodiment shown in fig. 1 lies in the configuration or
structure, respectively, of the visco-elastic material which
forms the visco-elastic damping element 7. The visco-elastic
material here is a cellular foam material. The foam material
thus has intermediate spaces between the cells which are formed
by corresponding cell walls (cellular structure). The foam
material has open cells, i.e. the cell structure of the foam
material is open, such that the individual intermediate spaces
between the cells may at least in part communicate with one
another. The foam material may be a plastics material foam
based on polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyamide, for
example.
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In order for the viscous component of the visco-elastic
properties of the visco-elastic damping element 7 which is
configured in such a manner to be increased, it is expedient
for the intermediate spaces between the cells of the foam
material to be penetrated by the isolation oil which surrounds
the capacitor elements 3. The intermediate spaces between the
cells of the foam material are thus filled with the isolation
oil. The highly viscous isolation oil by way of its movement
through the intermediate spaces between the cells contributes
toward damping the movement of the cellular structure which is
induced by the mechanical vibrations.
In the case of the sectional view through a capacitor device 1
according to one further exemplary embodiment of the invention,
shown in fig. 3, the visco-elastic material which forms the
visco-elastic damping element 7 is a textile material. The
textile material in principle may be formed by oriented or non-
oriented fibers. This here may be a felted textile or a textile
mat, for example. The fibers which form the textile material
may be natural and/or synthetic fibers. The visco-elastic
properties of the textile material, that is to say in
particular the viscous component thereof, are substantially
determined by the type and orientation of the fibers. In order
for the viscous component of the textile material to be
increased, it is expedient here too for the latter to be
infused with the isolation oil which surrounds the capacitor
elements 3.
In the case of the exemplary embodiment of a capacitor device
1, which is shown in fig. 4, the visco-elastic element 7
comprises an in particular bag-like receptacle in which a loose
material filling from one or a plurality of bulk materials is
contained. The bulk material may be organic and/or inorganic
bulk products. The bulk products may be particulate and/or
fibrous. It is conceivable for the bulk products to be formed
from ceramic, silicon dioxide, and/or elastomers, for example.
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The in particular bag-like receptacle which receives the bulk
materials is provided with encircling perforations and is thus
permeable to the isolation oil which surrounds the capacitor
elements 3, so that the bulk material which is located within
the receptacle may also be infused with the isolation oil. In
this manner, the viscous component of the visco-elastic
properties of the visco-elastic material which forms the visco-
elastic damping element 7, that is to say here the bulk
material, is increasable in the same way.
It applies to the exemplary embodiments shown in figs. 1 to 4
that the visco-elastic material which forms the visco-elastic
damping element 7 or is comprised therein is stable in such a
manner in particular in relation to thermal and/or optionally
corrosive influences that it is not damaged under the operating
conditions of the capacitor device 1.
While the invention in detail has been further illustrated and
described by way of the preferred exemplary embodiment, the
invention is not restricted by the disclosed examples, and a
person skilled in the art will derive other variants thereof
without departing from the scope of protection of the
invention.
=
