Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURE FOR HOUSES AND BUILDINGS
The present invention refers to a construction structure
for houses and buildings, which includes beams, walls, both
external and internal, floorings, covers as well as the
respective opening finishing, using specially designed
components which fit together, which stay firmly united
through connections, for example, male/female, mechanical
connections, etc., in order to form a highly consolidated
structure.
The present construction of houses is greatly limited by
the relatively low availability of skilled workforce and by
the highly resistant construction materials, namely to the
wear and to the ageing over the time.
The construction of houses and buildings is many times
hampered by environmental factors, such as heat (mortar
dehydration), the cold, the humidity, earthquakes and/or
cyclonic winds, as well as the influence of biological
factors, such as fungus, insects and other organisms.
There is a great demand for low cost construction
structures for houses and buildings and that require no
skilled workforce, and that are easily constructed on the
construction site of the house and which quality is always
the same regardless of the quality of the workforce used.
It will be therefore advantageous to provide a
construction structure wherein it is employed a unique type
of base material and which workforce is not required to be
skilled.
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Unlike the existing constructions, the quality and the
energy efficiency of the construction structure for houses
and buildings, according to the present invention, are also
maintained constant and of high levels. The construction
structure for houses and buildings provides considerable
profits in terms of heating and air conditioning costs.
An object of the present invention is to provide a
construction structure for houses and buildings with the
above mentioned general features.A further object of the
construction structure for houses and buildings of the
present invention is to reduce to a minimum the material
waste, which may be recycled and reused. All the. components
are previously fabricated and require only minimal
adjustments to provide any tailored structure.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a
construction structure for houses and buildings, which uses
construction materials which have been specially designed for
its realization and its use in the construction of houses and
buildings, such that the resulting houses are the simplest
and the most cost effective as possible.
The construction structure for houses and buildings
according to the invention is intended to the construction of
houses or buildings of, at least, nine floors.A further
object of the present invention concerns to a construction
structure for houses and buildings, such that the final
construction has a strength and flexibility which allows them
to have higher resistance at any type natural forces such as
the ones caused by earthquakes and/or by cyclonic winds.
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It is still a further object of the present invention to
improve the construction of houses and buildings such that
the final construction has an optimal resistance to the fire
according to the standards of the euro code.
It is, in addition, another object of the invention to
provide a energy efficient and exempt from servicing
construction structure for houses and buildings, regardless
of the atmospheric conditions or others that prevail in its
implantation site.
- Structural beams
The structural beams are reinforced beams, made of high
resistance material, which consist of two tubular profiles,
parallel between each other and connected between each other
by mechanical connections, equally made in high resistance
material.
The structural beams have standard dimensions such that
they can adapt themselves to the most diverse project
requests.
In its outer walls there are "longitudinal connection
teeth" throughout the length thereof in order to allow
lateral and height adjustments.
The structural beams can be laterally extended by the
insertion in its interior of reinforcement tubes, attached by
chemical connections or mechanical connections.
These structural beams constitute the base of the
construction structure for houses and buildings, extending
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integrally along the peripheral walls and, if there is
structural justification, also over the interior walls.
The structural beams presents in its upper face a
conical entrance channel and in the bottom a further conical
entrance channel, parallel between each other, facilitating
in both faces of the upper channel the entrance of an end of
the fast tightening tensor.
- Flooring lightweight beams
The flooring lightweight beams are beams made in a high
resistance material which consist of a compartmented tubular
profile, which upper part presents two grooves parallel
between each other, in the interior of which there are
mounted two rules of an adequate material.
These beams are intended to build the base for the
ground flooring and for the subsequent floors and the cover.
The beams are top supported by means of mechanical
connections in said connection teeth of the structural beams.
The flooring structure between floors is, preferably,
constituted by a grid arrangement, constituted by said
flooring lightweight beams in a direction and in the other,
the cross direction, by flooring lightweight beam portions
cut and interconnected between each other by mechanical
connections.
Said arrangement of flooring lightweight beams
constitutes, therefore, the base or the slab of each floor of
the construction structure for houses and buildings and
staying always bounded by the structural beams.
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- Pillars
The pillars are constituted by tubular profiles of
adequate section and standard length made of high resistance
material, which interior is filled with thermal insulation
material, interiorly ended, by an adequate section tubular
profile, which upper end surpasses the section of the tubular
profile, and which lower end is reverse, that is, constitutes
the negative of the upper end with corresponding dimension,
in order to provide great robustness to the structure by its
fitting in the respective junction corners and in the
following pillar.
Said pillars present removable vertical edges, in order
to enable the lateral assembly of the blocks, connected by
mechanical connections at several points along the vertical
run of the pillars.
The pillars are used whenever the vertical structural
reinforcement is required and as connecting elements between
perpendicular walls if that is coincident with the project.
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- Blocks
The blocks are lightweight parts with high compression
and shock resistance, with standard dimensions, and present
three different shapes, the standard block, the upper closure
block and the finishing block.
The blocks are made of high resistance material, and are
connected between each other by means of male/female type
fittings in the four ends, there being assured a great
cohesion in the connection of the blocks without the use of
any adhesives, the walls remaining, however, water-tight.
Preferably, the fittings in its lateral ends present the
trapezoidal shape (dovetail), which increases the resistance
and assists the assembly, even in the presence of wind, this
form of fitting enabling that the assembly is made by means
of non-skilled workforce, and there being obtained a quality
end product.
Its easy handling and assembly provide high laying
rhythms even without lifting means. For example: winches,
crane, etc.
The walls constructed with these blocks are permeable to
water vapour. The passage is done by the horizontal joint
union between the blocks and the undulated interior wall of
the block. This .type of construction assures excellent
behaviours, even in the presence of extreme temperature
differentials, that is, too cold in the exterior and too hot
in the interior of the house and vice-versa, there being
prevented condensations of difficult resolution.
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The arrangement of vertical housings, incorporated in
the peripheral walls of the blocks, enables the introduction
of metallic bands with certain spacing, which assures a
simple, multipurpose and of great efficacy mechanical
attachment in accordance to the floorings. For example:
gypsum plasterboards, plywood, etc.
The blocks present vertical "T" slits for introduction
of metallic profiles, which present regular spacings between
each other, in order to enable the attachment of ventilated
floorings, whether interiorly or exteriorly.
The walls made from the blocks, according to the
invention, can receive multiple liners, with different
lengths and widths, these being only limited by its own
resistance.
It is excluded any type of bonding adhesive of cement
base or other, cutting by the roots the peeling off problems.
Since the walls are naturally ventilated, it is suppressed
the appearance of blooms, namely the ones originated by the
mortar, petrous and ceramic finishing liners on the filling
joints.
The front an rear walls of the blocks are textured,
presenting negatives in low relief of dovetail type, which
enables the direct bonding of finishing liners on the carried
out by the blocks, for example, tiles, in bathrooms,
kitchens, etc., and which hinders the peeling of the adhesive
from the support, by virtue of the adhesive becomes anchored
in the low relief negatives.
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In the interior part of the front wall of the block
there is arranged the thermal insulation, without rupture,
which guaranties a great energy saving.
In the interior part of the rear wall of the block there
is arranged the acoustic insulation of great efficacy, since
the composite material of the block is not conductor, which
enables a great effort and an increase of privacy between the
partitions of the house.
In the interior of the block there are empty spaces, in
which, when the blocks form a wall, constitutes tight
vertical utility channels, for housing and passage of water
and waste pipes, electrical cables, telephone cables,
internet, etc.
There is also the possibility of installing a central
aspiration system, which conducts can be installed in the
interior of the structural beams from the base and which rise
vertically through the interior of the utility channel
defined by the blocks, to the intended height of the sockets.
The walls formed by the blocks according to the
invention enable changes after the finishing of the house
with any type of flooring without damages, such as: the
introduction of new spots of light, electrical sockets,
water, lacking only a bore in a site to determine and
introduction of a guide in the utility channel to pull and
guide the conduct or the conductor up to its outlet.
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- Junction corners
The junction corners, according to the invention, are
made of high resistance material. They are slightly
parallelepipedic parts and with the shape of its upper and
lower complementary faces of the ends of the pillars, and
laterally the adjacent faces with the complementary shape of
the ends of the structural beams. The corners make the
junction between the pillars in the vertical direction and
between the structural beams in the horizontal direction, and
confer robustness to the structure. The upper face of the
corner presents a cover in order to enable the assembly when
all the faces are occupied by pillars and beams.
- Supports for flooring lightweight beams
The supports for flooring beams are made of high
resistance material, and its purpose is to establish the
connection and consolidation of the flooring lightweight
beams in the structural beam, the attachment of each top of
the flooring lightweight beams being made by two cross screws
with nut. The connection of the support to the structural
beam is made by means of the slits existing in its rear wall,
with a configuration which constitutes the reverse of the
teeth of the exterior wall of the structural beam.
- Horizontal closure, lintel or sill profiles.
The horizontal closure, lintel or sill profiles, for
closure of interior walls and of openings in any walls, are
made of high resistance material, which profile includes
centrally a recess in which bottom there is a slit for
reception of the spring terminal of the fast tightening
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tensor. It presents close to its longitudinal ends horizontal
locking and alignment tabs of the walls of the blocks.
- Jambs
The jamb is a profile vertically installed for closure
of openings and consolidation on the vertical tops of any
walls, made of high resistance material. It is provided with
locking and alignment vertical guides in the blocks and bores
for application of self-tapping screws, the anchoring of the
jamb being made by screws, which end in a metallic band
installed in the respective housing on the side faces of the
blocks.
- Fast tightening tensor
The fast tightening tensor that consists on a rounded
section rod made of high resistance material has on one of
its ends a crimped terminal with screwed tip for reception of
the terminal, its other end presenting a crimped terminal
with toothed exterior for reception of a fast tight closure.
This tensor is inserted vertically, passing, for example,
through a conical entrance channel of the upper structural
beam, by the utility channel of the walls, its terminal being
attached in the conical outlet channel of the lower
structural beam. In the upper end it is inserted the fast
tight closure, which engagement is established by the teeth
of the end of said rod.
The purpose of the fast tightening tensor is to compress
the peripheral or interior walls, making them cohesive and
flexible.
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The high resistance material used for the carrying out
of the several components of the construction structure for
houses and buildings is, preferably, a composite material
reinforced with fibres, which presents great resistance to
erosion, to biological agents, to weather and fatigue,
wherein its estimated service life is more than 100 years
without servicing, and further with a great fire resistance,
that is, almost incombustible.
The invention will be now described, in order to be
perfectly understood, and its advantages will be highlighted
and better understood from the following description of an
embodiment thereof given by way of non limiting example, when
read in conjunction with the attached drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the reinforced concrete
bases or general mat foundations flattered for the
construction structure for houses and buildings according to
the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the arrangement of the
peripheral and interior structural beams and respective
junction corners, which constitute the starting framework of
the construction structure for houses and buildings according
to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the arrangement of the
peripheral and interior structural beams and respective
junction corners and of the flooring lightweight beams, of
the construction structure for houses and buildings according
to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the arrangement of the
peripheral and interior structural beams and respective
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junction corners and of the flooring lightweight beams in one
direction and in the other, of the construction structure for
houses and buildings according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the arrangement of the
peripheral and interior structural beams and respective
junction corners, of the flooring lightweight beams in one
direction and in the other and of the pillars, of the
construction structure for houses and buildings according to
the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the arrangement of the
peripheral and interior structural beams and respective
junction corners, of the flooring lightweight beams in one
direction and in the other, of the pillars and of the
standard blocks, of the construction structure for houses and
buildings according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the arrangement of the
peripheral and interior structural beams and respective
junction corners, of the flooring lightweight beams in one
direction and in the other, of the pillars, of the standard
blocks and of the standard structural beams, of the
construction structure for houses and buildings according to
the present invention;
FIGS. 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d illustrate respectively one top
view, one side view, one bottom view and one cross sectional
view of a structural beam of the construction structure for
houses and buildings according to the present invention;
FIGS. 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d and 9e illustrate respectively one
top view, on side view, one bottom view and a cross sectional
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view of a flooring lightweight beam of the construction
structure for houses and buildings according to the present
invention;
FIGS. 10a, 10b and 10c illustrate respectively one side
view, one cross sectional view and representations of the
several fittings of a pillar of the construction structure
for houses and buildings according to the present invention;
FIGS. 11a, 11b, 11c and lid illustrate respectively one
top view, one side view, one front view and one rear view of
a standard block of the construction structure for houses and
buildings according to the present invention;
FIGS. 12a, 12b, 12c and 12d illustrate respectively one
top view, one side view, one front view and one rear view of
an upper closing block for interior walls and for the
openings of walls of the construction structure for houses
and buildings according to the present invention;
FIGS. 13a, 13b, 13c and 13d illustrate respectively one
top view, one side view, one front view and one rear view of
a finishing block of the construction structure for houses
and buildings according to the present invention;
FIGS. 14a, 14b, 14c and 14d illustrate respectively one
top view, one side view, one cross sectional view and one
bottom view of a junction corner of the construction
structure for houses and buildings according to the present
invention;
FIGS. 15a and 15b illustrate respectively one top view
and one cross sectional view of the support for flooring
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lightweight beams of the construction structure for houses
and buildings according to the present invention;
FIGS. 16a and 16b illustrate respectively one top view
and one cross sectional view of the horizontal closure,
lintel or sill profile, for closing of walls of the
construction structure for houses and buildings according to
the present invention;
FIGS. 17a and 17b illustrate respectively one top view
and one cross sectional view of the jamb for openings of
walls of the construction structure for houses and buildings
according to the present invention;
FIGS. 18a, 18b and 18c illustrate respectively one top
view, one side view and one bottom view of a fast tightening
tensor of the construction structure for houses and buildings
according to the present invention;
FIGS. 19a and 19b illustrate respectively one side view
and one top view of the sheet fitting for attachment of the
flooring lightweight beams of the construction structure for
houses and buildings according to the present invention.
Referring now to the drawings, FIGS. 1 to 13 represent
one preferred embodiment which implements the construction
structure for houses and buildings according to the present
invention. The components of said structure are made of high
resistance synthetic composite material reinforced with
fibres.
On FIGS. 8a to 8d there are represented respectively one
top view, one side view, one bottom view and one cross
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section of a structural beam A, which consists of two side
tubular profiles A', parallel between each other, of
composite material reinforced with high resistance fibres,
pultruded. These profiles A' are bonded together by
connection parts 4 of high resistance composite material
reinforced with fibres, arranged in regular spaces.
On the exterior walls of said side profiles A' are
arranged longitudinal attachment teeth 5 for attachment of
the supports for flooring lightweight beams F. The
longitudinal attachment teeth 6 extend along the entire
length of said tubular profiles A', in order to enable the
side and height adjustment of the supports for flooring
lightweight beams F that will receive the flooring
lightweight beams B, B1 that constitute the floors. In this
way it is possible to vary the height that may be necessary
concerning the different floor dimensions in accordance of
the different types of flooring to place, that is, the
"floor" can rise or descend. As well as in the realization of
the pendent of the flat cover, one of the sides becoming over
lifted, that is, the "slab" becoming tilted.
These standard structural beams A have 600 cm or 800 cm
with a section of 250 x 250 mm, with an estimated weight of
120 or 160 Kg, its length being able to be reduced in
multiples of 250 and 500 mm according to the project
requirements.
The extending of the structural beams A is made in a
butt wise through the insertion of tubes in the interior of
reinforcement, halted by chemical connections or mechanical
connections.
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The beam A presents in the top a conical channel 1 with
inlet for the introduction of fast tight tensors,
constituting the respective faces of said conical channel 1,
upper and lower 1, the stoppers for tightening of said
tensors.
In the interior housing part of said side profiles A'
there are arranged insulation thermal materials 6 on the
exterior side of the house and acoustic insulation materials
2 on the interior side of the house. On the walls of the
interior part of said side profiles there are arranged
threaded bores 3 for receiving screws, ,by means of which it
is realized the union between the structural beam A and an
adjacent junction corner EQ. On the central space between the
two side profiles A', which constitute the structural beam A,
there are arranged small connection parts 4, of slightly
quadrangular tubular shape, with 60 mm length with gaps of
500 mm, which realize the connection and consolidation of the
two profiles A' between each other, and said space defining a
utility channel for arrangement of the functional infra-
structures.
These structural beams launch the starting of the base
as well as its closure, integrally running through on the
exterior peripheral walls, running through also on the
interior walls in case it is structurally justified, on the
intermediate floors and cover.
On FIGS. 9a to 9e there are represented respectively one
top view, one side view, one bottom view, one cross section
and one amplification of said cross section of a flooring
lightweight beam B made of composite material reinforced with
high resistance fibres, pultruded, which consists in a
16
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compartmented rectangular section tubular profile, in which
upper part are arranged two grooves parallel between each
other, in the interior of which there are mounted wood rules
1. On its top parts there is centrally arranged a
longitudinal slit 7 and on the side faces and on the bottom
longitudinal slits 10 for the introduction of flat head
screws and of square section for multiple attachments. The
profile has two opposed L tabs 12 on the lower face.
The central interior core of the profile presents guides
9 for the introduction of removable reinforcement bands 11 to
increase its resistance. Due to the fact that this flooring
lightweight beam includes the removable reinforcement bands
makes it possible that on said flooring lightweight beam,
when cut transversally in shorter portions Bl, the
reinforcement bands are able to be eliminated, without
changing the exterior configuration of the flooring
lightweight beam B.
These flooring lightweight beams B are intended to
constitute the base for the separation flooring between the
different floors and support themselves by the tops, with the
interposition of supports for lightweight beams F on said
connection teeth 6 of said structural beams A.
Said wood rules 1 are intended to the laying of the
finishing floor and for its respective solidification, for
example, by means of nails.
The flooring between floors is, preferably, constituted
by one grid arrangement, constituted by said flooring
lightweight beams B in one direction and in the other, the
transverse direction, by flooring lightweight beam portions
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B1 cut and which are fitted on the other beams by its tops,
which are configured by machining as the negative of the L
tab 4 and attached also between each other by the mechanical
attachment fittings J.
Said arrangement of the flooring lightweight beams B, B'
constitutes the base or the slab of each floor of the
construction structure for houses and buildings, and extends
integrally, always bounded by the structural beams.
In FIGS. 10a to 10e there are represented respectively
one side view, one cross sectional view and one
representation of the fittings of the pillar C, made of
composite material reinforced with high resistance fibres,
pultruded, which consists of a slightly octagonal section
tubular profile Cl, with four pentagonal vertical removable
profiles 14. The interior of the tubular profile Cl is filled
with high density thermal insulation. The tubular profile Cl
ends interiorly on a rounded section tubular wall 02. The
pillar C with the respective removable pentagonal profiles
placed define a slightly square profile with 2750 x 250 x
250 mm. The top end of the octagonal profile projects from
said removable pentagonal profiles 14 of 30 mm, the bottom
end being reverse, that is, constitute the negative of the
top end with the corresponding dimension, in order to provide
great robustness to the structure and imperviousness by its
fitting in said respective junction corners E.
The pentagonal removable profiles 14 enable the lateral
assembly of the blocks, its attachment on said octagonal
tubular profile Cl being made by means of self-tapping screws
7 arranged along its height. The pentagonal removable
profiles 14 have, on its outermost apex, a vertical slit 15
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along its entire length, for fitting of corner support
metallic profiles 17 for assembly of the ventilated facade.
On each side of the vertical slit 15 the pentagonal removable
profiles 14 further present two further slits 15', for
fitting the lateral support metallic profiles 13 for assembly
of the ventilated facade.
On the recesses defined between the pentagonal removable
profiles 14 there are mounted the profiled parts 16 and 19,
the profiled part 16 being intended to close the top of the
pillar, increasing its resistance, and the profiled part, the
profile 19, being intended to serve for the establishment of
the connection of the blocks D, D', D" which constitutes the
walls of the construction structure for houses and buildings.
The pillars C are used whenever it is justified the
vertical structural reinforcement and as connecting elements
between perpendicular walls.
In FIGS. 11a to lid there are represented, respectively,
one top view, one side view, one front view and one rear view
of a standard block D, made of composite material reinforced
with high resistance fibres, extruded, which is a lightweight
part with an high resistance to compression and a good shock
resistance, with 500 x 250 x 250 mm, having an approximate
weight of 5kg. The standard block is constituted by two
lateral tubular profiles D1, bonded together by a central
tubular profile D2.
The standard blocks D are connected between each other
by means of the male fitting 30 at the top end, of the female
fitting 31 at the bottom end, of the male fitting 25 at one
side end and of the female fitting 28 at the other side end,
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there being assured a great cohesion at the connection of the
blocks D without the use of any adhesives, the walls staying
however, watertight, but being the walls water vapour
permeable, the passage being, due to the steam tension,
effected by the horizontal junction between the blocks D and
the undulated interior wall 24 of the utility channel 25.
Preferably, the male fitting 26 of the side end and the
female fitting 26 of the other side end present the shape of
trapezoidal fittings (dovetail), which increases the
resistance and helps the assembly, even in the presence of
wind. This kind of fitting enables that the assembly is made
by means of non-skilled workforce, there being obtained an
end product of great quality.
This type of construction assures excellent behaviours,
even in the presence of extreme temperature differentials,
that is, too cold in the exterior and too hot in the interior
of the house and vice-versa, there being prevented
condensations of difficult resolution.
Its easy handling and assembly provide high laying
rhythms even without elevation means. For example: winches,
cranes, etc.
The arrangement of vertical housings 29, on the side
faces of the blocks D, enables the introduction of metallic
bands with certain spacing, which assures the possibility of
a simple, multipurpose and of great efficacy mechanical
attachment in accordance with the finishing liners. For
example: gypsum plasterboards, plywood, etc.
The front and rear faces of the blocks D present
vertical "T" slits 22 for the introduction of metallic
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profiles, with regular spacing between each other, in order
to enable the attachment of ventilated liners, whether
interiorly or exteriorly.
The faces of the lateral ends of the blocks D present
slits 23 for the introduction of metallic bands.
The faces of the lateral ends of the blocks D present
vertical housings 29, which enable the introduction of
reinforcement metallic bands, which assure a solid mechanical
attachment for some components of the construction structure
for houses and buildings.
In the formed walls, with the blocks D, D', D"
according to the invention, it is excluded any type of
bonding adhesive of cement base or other, cutting by the
roots the peeling off problems.
Said walls can receive several liners, with different
length and width, said liners being only limited by its own
resistance. The dovetail type texture with relief 20 on the
interior and exterior walls of the blocks enables the direct
bonding of any finishing liners, such as tiles, for example,
in bathrooms, kitchens, etc. Since said walls are naturally
ventilated, through which it is suppressed the appearance of
blooms, namely the ones originated in the mortar, petrous and
ceramic finishing liners.
On the interior part of the exterior side wall of the
block there is arranged the thermal insulation 21 of great
efficacy and without rupture, since the composite material of
the block is not conductor, which assures a great comfort and
a great energy saving.
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On the interior part of the interior side wall of the
block there is arranged the acoustic insulation 27, of great
efficacy and without rupture since the composite material of
the block is not conductor, which assures a great comfort and
an increase of privacy between the partitions of the house.
There is situated in the interior of the block an empty
space which, when the blocks D form a wall, constitutes a
water tight vertical utility channel 25, for the passage of
service infra-structures, such as water pipes, sewage,
electrical cables, telephonic cables, internet, etc. This
tight vertical utility channel 25 receives water pipes and
sewage up to 110 mm.
There is also the possibility of installing a central
aspirating system, which conducts can be installed in the
interior of the structural beams of the base and installed in
the interior of said utility channels 25 defined by the
blocks, through which they rise in the vertical, up to the
intended height of the sockets.
The walls formed by the blocks D, D', D" according to
the invention enable changes after the conclusion of the
house with any type of liner without damages, such as: the
introduction of new spots of light, electrical sockets,
water, lacking only a bore in the site to determine and
introduction of a guide in order to pull and guide the
conduct or the conductor up to the outlet.
In FIGS. 12a to 12d there are represented, respectively,
one top view, one side view, one front view and one rear view
of a closure block D' for interior walls, made of composite
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material reinforced with high resistance fibres, extruded,
which is a high resistance compression lightweight part and
of good shock resistance. The finishing block is constituted
by two lateral tubular profiles D1, bonded together by a
central tubular profile D3.
This block only differs from the standard block by the
fact that the intermediate profile D2 which defines the
utility channel 25 presents on its top a recess which defines
a female fitting 32. This female fitting 32 is intended to
receive a wall closing profile G and/or a sill G of a wall
opening, the respective wall through said wall closing
profile G or sill G being consolidated by fast tight tensors
I.
In FIGS. 13a to 13d there are represented, respectively,
one top view, one side view, one front view and one rear view
of a finishing block B" for interior walls, which is a high
resistance compression lightweight part and of good shock
resistance, with 250 x 250 x 250 mm, made of composite
material reinforced with high resistance fibres, extruded.
The finishing block is constituted by two lateral tubular
profiles D4 with the same configuration of the tubular
profiles D1, but with lower length, bonded together by a
central tubular profile D5.
The finishing block D" only differs from the standard
block by the fact that it has half of the length and the
spacing of the partitions of the utility channel is more
reduced.
The finishing block D" is intended. to provide greater
flexibility in the elaboration of the interior partitions,
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being suitable to be shortened always in multiples of 50 mm
per cut in the cut zones 11. Its interior utility channel
presents reduced channels with gaps of 50 mm between each
other, its partitions extending up to the exterior face of
the block.
In case of cut, the same should be executed always in
the direction of the male fitting 26 to the female fitting
28, the top of the block staying always with the possibility
of installing the reinforcement metallic bands to the top and
bottom attachments.
In FIGS. 14a to 14d there are represented, respectively,
one top view, one side view, one cross sectional view and one
bottom view of a junction corner, made of composite material
reinforced with high resistance fibres, pultruded, which are
slightly parallelepipedic parts wherein the shape of its
upper and lower faces are slightly complementary of the ends
of the pillars, and laterally, with the complementary shape
of the ends of the structural beams.
The junction corner E presents on the upper face a male
fitting 37, which is part of a cover 37a, on the lower face a
female fitting 39, on the side faces a central technical
window 34 for accessing to its interior, each one of the side
faces presenting in its lateral ends four bores 36 vertically
aligned, in a total of eight bores per face, which allow the
introduction of screws for attachment of the beams A. The
corner presents interiorly a vertical tubular wall of rounded
section, which actuates as union and reinforcement element,
between the top and the bottom, the central tubular profile
presenting four treaded bores 35 opposed for insertion of the
locking screws of the nut 33, installed in its interior,
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which consists of a portion of a hexagon rod which possesses
an interior thread on the top and on the bottom, with a
massive intermediate portion. Said cover 37a is intended to
enable the access to said locking screws of the nut 33 as
well as to said attachment screws of the beams A, when all
the faces of the corner are occupied by pillars and beams.
On the centre of its exterior wall the junction corner E
presents a chamfer 38 which extends throughout its entire
periphery, for reception of a flat tip locking treaded pin.
The junction corner has for its function to receive the
beams and the pillars, assuring its interconnection and the
robustness to the set.
In FIGS. 15a and 15b there are represented,
respectively, one top view and one cross sectional view of
the support for flooring lightweight beams F, of composite
material reinforced with high resistance fibres, pultruded,
which has for its object to establish the connection and
consolidation of the flooring lightweight beams B, B1 at the
structural beam A, the attachment of each top of the flooring
lightweight beams B, B' being made by two cross screws with
nut which pass by the bores 41. The connection of the support
to the structural beam F is made by means of the slits 40
existing at its rear wall, with a configuration which
constitutes the reverse of the teeth of the exterior wall of
the structural beam A.
With its use it is verified also the consolidation of
the base structural beams in the reinforced concrete general
mat foundation, through the opening of bores on the base
thereof and introduction of treaded rod with nut by the
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inferior part of the support and counter nut on the upper
part. The attachment of the rod to the ground is made by
mechanical or chemical bushing.
In FIGS. 16a and 16b there are represented,
respectively, one top view and one cross sectional view of a
horizontal closure, lintel or sill profile G for closing of
walls, made of composite material reinforced with high
resistance fibres, pultruded. The profile includes centrally
a recess/boss 44 in which bottom there is a slot 42 for
reception of the terminal of the fast tightening tensor I and
which presents close to its longitudinal ends horizontal
locking and alignment tabs 43 of the blocks D, D', D" of the
walls.
In FIGS. 17a and 17b there are represented,
respectively, one side view and one cross sectional view of
one jamb H made of composite material reinforced by high
resistance fibres, pultruded, which comprises a vertical
locking and alignment guide 46 of the blocks and bores 45 for
application of self-tapping screws, its anchoring being
verified at the top of the block by introduction in a
metallic band inserted in the block D, D', D".
In FIGS. 18a, 18b and 18c there are represented,
respectively, one top view, one side view and one bottom view
of a fast tightening tensor I, made of high resistance
composite material reinforced with fibres which consists of a
rounded section rod 48 which has at one of its ends a crimped
metallic terminal with treaded tip for reception of the
terminal 49, its other end presenting a crimped metallic
terminal with the exterior toothed for reception of the fast
tight closure 47. This tensor is vertically inserted, passing
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through a conical entrance channel of the upper structural
beam, by the utility channel of the walls, its striking
terminal being attached on the conical outlet channel of the
lower structural beam. At the upper end it is inserted the
fast tight closure 47, which engagement is established by the
teeth of the end of the rod 48. The fast tightening tensor
has for its purpose to compress the peripheral or interior
walls, making them cohesive and flexible.
In FIGS. 19a and 19b there are represented,
respectively, one side view and one top view of the locking
fitting J of flooring lightweight beams, which consists of a
steel sheet stamped and bended at 90 with a bore on each
face, each side face presenting a protrusion 50 for fitting
on the longitudinal recess of the flooring lightweight beam
B, B'.
The attachment is realized with the introduction of the
flat head and square section screw in the side slit of the
flooring lightweight beam, following the nut tightening on
the exterior of the fitting, a great resistance to cut being
obtained.
This fitting is also used in the consolidation of the
structural beams A at the base to the mat foundation, through
the opening of a bore on the base thereof and introduction of
treaded rod with nut on the inferior part of the support and
counter nut on the upper part. The attachment of the rod on
the mat foundation is made by mechanical or chemical bushing.
27
