Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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BORING AND DRILLING SYSTEM FOR DIAMOND DRILLING
FIELD OF APPLICATION
The present invention relates to the drilling industry, drilling and
exploration, in
particular, a system to be installed on any machinery or equipment with
applications in
boring, drilling and exploration tasks, and particularly, a system associated
with lifting
and handling bars for drilling equipment.
BACKGROUND
Drilling soil and rock in the field of drilling is intended to make holes or
wells according
to established designs or geological meshes. These wells are drilled in order
to:
- Know the quality of soil or rock, for Soundings Geomechanical.
- Know the quality or Mineral Law for Soundings Miners exploration or
prospecting.
- To detect underground water, for Water Soundings.
The performance criteria are called systems drilling or cutting mechanisms.
This is how
in the field of mining and civil works have been developed and mainly
classified 2
systems drilling or cutting mechanisms, among others, for extraction
geological
sample, preferably using mechanical energy:
1. System "Air Reverse or Reverse Circulation (RC)", the rock is completely
destroyed and detritus as geological sample is extracted by means of a cutting
tool (Bit, hammer or tricone) and air compressors.
2. The second is called "Diamantina or Wireline (DD)" system, a core or
witnessed
the rock is removed.
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For both techniques, prospecting and exploration, the material that is
extracted is used
= for analysis and determination of types, qualities (laws) and quantities
of ore (t) for the
exploitation of the deposit.
The main components of a Drilling System are:
1. Equipment or probe: It is the source that generates mechanical energy
through its components, such as tower, head rotation, press bars, among
others.
2. Drilling Tools: Includes drill rods or collar, which correspond to the
transmission medium of mechanical energy, together with the crown or
hammer, implement applying mechanical energy on the Rock.
3. The drilling fluid or scanning: Makes hole cleaning and evacuation of the
witness or drilling detritus.
In the prior art different semi-automated systems that allow manipulation of
drill rods
to be mounted on their respective equipmetns are known.
The document US2009238663 describes a manipulator drill string including a
movable
holder and a system of position sensor for the manipulator, which in turn
includes a
level sensor which is configured to detect a position of the movable holder
respect to
gravity. The system further includes position sensor a rotation sensor
configured to
detect the rotational position of the movable holder with respect to a defined
axis which
is parallel to gravity. Additionally, the system includes a position sensor
control center
is communicatively connected to that level sensor and rotation sensor. The
system
does not describe a system that supplies and receives said bars so that the
handler's
place as part of the drilling rig.
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The document US8186925 describes a system catheterisation comprising a
drilling
mast and a manipulator of drill pipe which is intended for mounting bars to
the mast
adjacent drilling, where the rod handling comprising: a base adapted to be
supported
from the base rig; a movable holder adapted to the base, which is configured
to hold a
bar from a storage position with a first orientation; a first motor to rotate
the movable
holder on a first axis which is parallel and inclined from the drill rod when
the movable
holder attached; a second motor to rotate the movable holder about a second
axis to
move the drill rod from the first orientation to a vertical orientation and a
second
orientation; a third motor to rotate the movable holder about a third axis to
move the
drill rod in a second position while holding drilling the drill rod in the
second orientation;
and the third axis being parallel and inclined from the drill rod in the
second orientation,
wherein when the drill rod is in the second orientation, the third axis is
parallel and
inclined from the first axis when the drill is in the first orientation, the
third axis is
transverse to the. first axis. This document does not describe a system that
allows the
delivery and receipt of said bars to the place as the manipulator of the rig
The document US2006 / 137910 describes a drilling machine which includes a
frame,
a rotary head and a handle bar device. The frame is supported for movement
over the
ground and the tower is mounted on the frame. The rotary head is movable
through
the tower and iS capable of engaging with the drillstring to rotate said
string. The
manipulator device is movable bars through the tower and selectively operable
to hold
the drill string. The manipulator device is predisposed bar to a first
position along the
tower. The manipulator system described by this document does not allow to
take the
bars from a horizontal position and mounted bars either withdraw and leave
them in
that position. Furthermore, no a system to supply and receive said bars
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The documents of the prior art described above correspond to equipment
associated
with drilling systems by reverse circulation (RC), which moves away to the
solution
proposed by the Invention
TECHNICAL PROBLEM
In the current procedures for handling bar assembly and handling of drilling
equipment,
there are various complexities associated with such an operation.
During the operations themselves exploration, suspended loads of great volume
and
mass are generated, which are mainly in the loading bar and positioning bar
machine
probing, which are usually major cause of accidents, and consequently a for in
the
production process, reducing work efficiency.
In the process of probing or drilling, equipment or probes operated by
qualified
personnel they are used, which operate the machines and handling drill rods
directly.
In this process, there are recurring accidents of various kinds and various
considerations, the most common: Tips cuts, bumps product Entrapment, even
death
drop bars.
TECHNICAL SOLUTION
To solve the problems described above, an automated drilling occurs. Such
automated
drilling comprises a lifting bar system whose function is to transport drill
rods or
columns (preferably 3 or 6 meters long), and also allows you to load said bars
for
drilling procedure and take them out for tool change or transfer to another
drilling point
automatically, without manipulating or generate suspended loads. It
individualizes this
system one by one the bars in the drilling process, and then receives the bars
or
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removed from the well, cumulatively with other adjusting and aligning the
horizontal
position automatically. Further it comprises a platform to allow movement of
operators
and assistants team.
The system further comprises a manipulator arm and guide system. Its main
function
is to place and remove bars from the borehole together with the team and
synchronized
with the lifting bar system.
The manipulator arm receives individualized bar by the elevator system; then
fixed
focus and position the bar in the tower of the machine through the hydraulic
press and
the safety trigger, regardless of what the drilling angle. Finally the system
screwed
actuated or unscrewing of the rod as the operation of removing or meter bars,
with the
help of the guide through a "roller press" and a system of "sliding or
floating"
corresponding to the action des-threading screw or drill two bars combining a
displacement movement on the axis of drilling, to avoid damaging the thread or
threads
of the same.
The system further comprises an arm bar head, where the head bar corresponds
to a
set that is closest to the surface while drilling work is being done because
it contains
the system that delivers lubrication to the process, so that each time
required to extend
or trim the scope of drilling hanging bar, this bar is required uncoupling
head to add or
pick another drill .rod and then screw it back. It must perform this
decoupling / coupling
with the hanging bar whenever the inner tube, corresponding to the set of
pieces that
are located inside the drill rod that is performing the excavation and
therefore contains
withdraws the It shows the perforated ground. The function of the head arm bar
is hold,
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float, and remove or place the bar head with the injection head of the drill
axis, revolving
around a defined axis. Then you can remove the inner tube with the geological
sample
TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES
With regard to current operating procedures and handling drilling rods and
described
by the prior art documents, the system of the present invention has the
following
advantages
- The system of the invention eliminates the direct intervention of
operators at all
stages of work, minimizing the chances of accidents.
- This system improves productivity because it shortens tool movement
operation
due to automation cycle drilling and / or catheterization.
- Reduces the number of workers / helpers directly involved in the
operation,
which reduces man-hours, taking result in lower costs and decrease the
likelihood of accidents.
- Elimination of suspended loads, since it is not necessary to move the
bars from
the lectern to the truck to remove it from the site and vice versa. This is
achieved
through the lift bar system, which serves as a transport container and
automatic
bar loading.
- The platform operator / assistant, elevator built into the system bar,
provides a
safe and even surface for the work of the same.
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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figure 1 shows a Isometric view which plots the form of transfer bar elevator
system
and its position on the rig, corresponding to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 shows the isometric view bar lifter installed on end position,
corresponding to
a system embodiment of the invention.
Figure 3 shows an isometric view individualized bar drilling riser bar ready
to be
received by the manipulator arm bar, corresponding to a system embodiment of
the
invention.
Figure 4 shows an isometric view sustained drilling bar, corresponding to an
embodiment of the invention manipulator arm bar.
Figure 5 graphs a isometric view drill rod aligned with the axis of the
manipulator arm
drilling rod, corresponding to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 6 Isometric view showing extraction system manipulator arm bar from the
bar
to the lift bar, corresponding to a system embodiment of the invention.
Figure 7 isometric view graph the bar head position after being removed from
the drill
axis by the head arm bar, corresponding to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 8 isometric view, which individualizes the elevator system bar, showing
a detail
of the rocker and body lift bar, corresponding to an embodiment of the
invention.
Figure 9 isometric view, which individualizes the manipulator arm bar, showing
detail
of its main systems, corresponding to an embodiment of the invention.
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Figure 10 isometric view showing part of the tower and detail of the head arm
bar and
guide bar, corresponding to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 11 isometric view, which individualizes the rocker and the cylinder
body lift lift
bar, corresponding to an embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Rigs or probes comprise a plurality of components, including mainly lies a
tower (25),
at least one rotary head (23) and at least one press bar (24), among others.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the tower (25) is mounted on a rig
or probe
(not shown), anchored and pivoted, so that can rotate around the Z' axis
(Figure 1) in
a defined angle, preferably between 90 and 45 to the vertical axis (Figure
1), fulfilling
the function of supporting a column of bars across the rotary head (23) and
press rods
(24), said angles.
The head rotation (23) is mounted on the tower (25), which serves to receive,
coupling,
screw, unscrew, and rotate the drill string around its longitudinal axis, in
order to
transmit the motion rotating the cutting tool, located at the tip or lower end
of the
drillstring. Additionally, said rotary head (23) slides along the tower (25),
advancing
and pushing the drillstring or hanging bar into the well drilling, as well as
performing
the reverse operation (pull and remove the hanging bar).
The press bar (24) is anchored in the bottom of the tower (25), which serves
to hold
the hanging bar and support the rotating head (23) when screwed and unscrewed
it
bars.
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The usual technique of traditional drilling using a drilling rig or probe (not
shown)
containing the three components mentioned above, working as follows:
The process or drilling technique known as "diamond" or "wire line" starts
when an
assistant / operator screwed manually the injection head of water (not shown)
to a bar
or collar bar (first bar has at its end the cutting tool called crown) which
are in horizontal
position, on trestles or lecterns. Bars or collar are high and positioned by
means of a
cable from the main winch (not shown), until it is aligned with the working
axis of the
rotary head (23), then it grips the rod or collar to begin work penetration on
the ground.
Once the head rotation (23) reaches the end of its route, you need to add
another bar
or collar, in order to deepen the well. For this task, the bar (24) press is
closed and
holding the drill rod, then the rotary head (23) short or unscrewed two drill
rods and
unscrewed a head bar (not shown) is being raised with the cable the main winch
(not
shown), leaving out the drilling axis by operators manually.
To continue and deepen the well drilling, it is necessary to add another bar
or collera
repeating the initial process or adding them one to one manually, up and in
the spindle
axis of rotation (23).
The first bar or collar having at its end the cutting tool, contains within an
interior device
known tube (not shown), which corresponds to a set of parts that are located
inside
the drill rod is effecting the excavation and thus containing the sample of
drilled ground.
Once it is completely filled with samples, called witness, it is extracted
from the well
through cable winch wire line (not shown), leaving out the drilling axis by
operators
manually.
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In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the drilling system performs
various job
streams, which when concatenated in different successions completely covers
the
wide range of options found in the mine. The sequences are:
- Transport.and positioning
- Delivery bar to rig
- Withdrawal of collars from the rig
- Posture and retirement rod head
The drilling system comprises a lifting bar (1), which is moved by a vehicle
the point of
drilling within the task, to place it in front of the rig or probe (not shown)
system, as
seen in the Figure 1.
The drilling system further comprises a manipulator arm rod (6), which is
preferably
attached structurally to the rig or probe (not shown), so that said
manipulator arm rod
(6) and the drilling equipment is move as a unit.
An operator / assistant manipulates a command bar lifter (21) system, allowing
the
deployment and outward extension of at least four lifting jacks (27), which
fall to the
ground, up the elevator bar system (1 ), in such a way that the vehicle can be
removed
from the work area. Subsequently, the lift rod (1) system is adjusted in the
vertical and
horizontal axis to the working position, leaving it aligned with respect to
manipulator
arm rod (6) (Figures 2 and 3).
With the same command (21), a working platform (2) is deployed, rotating it
about the
horizontal axis (-1-) (Figure 2), up to a horizontal position.
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The lifting bar system (1) further comprises perimeter rails of platform (3),
access stairs
(4), a tray of the inner tube (17) and a tray sample (18) or operators /
assistants placed
perimeter railings platform (3), access stairs (4) tray inner tube (17) and
the tray
displays (18) performing a movement range and leaving positioned to perform
drilling
work safely and comfortably, as you can be seen in figure 2.
Upon completion of the task, the reverse procedure is performed to remove the
lift rod
system (1) of the place.
The lifting bar system (1) further comprises a command assistant (20), from
which the
movements of ascent and descent in the vertical axis, a lifting body bars (8)
which
encloses handled a cylinder lifting bar (29), and a rocker (7) about the axis
13' (as can
be seen in figure 3). With these movements, the group drill rod is raised to a
trigger
delivery bars (16) through an arm feeder / receiver bar (5), which supplies
each bar to
said trigger delivery bars (16). Subsequently, said trigger delivery bar (16)
pushes up
only one drill rod (9), which is deposited on the manipulator arm rod (6) on
the shaft IR'
(Figure 4).
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the operator operates the
hydraulic
mechanism of the manipulator arm bar (6) which automatically initiates the
sequence
of closing and locking system press jaw (12), a closure system roller (11) and
a safety
trigger lock (10) to secure the bar. The system press jaw (12) comprises at
least one
press jaw cylinder (30) and a press cylinder roller (31) for securing the bar
(9). Closing
safety trigger (10) comprises a cylinder safety trigger (32) to adjust
securing the drill
rod (9)
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A second hydraulic actuator, the manipulator arm bar (6) rotates about the
axis BM'
from horizontal (Figure 4) to position the drilling tower (25) on the drilling
axis P' (Figure
5).
A third hydraulic actuator, the manipulator arm bar (6) executes the following
sequence
automatically: opening press system jaw (12), rotation of the rollers of the
roller system
press (11) and simultaneously, by action a flotation system (13), moves down
the drill
rod (9) on the drilling axis 13', being guided at all times by a guide bar
(15), ensuring
alignment of the drill (9) with the bar or hanging bar preceding it (figure
5).
The operator, with a hydraulic mechanism, takes in sequentially and
automatically
opening roller press system (11), the opening of the safety trigger (10) and
rotating the
manipulator arm rod (6) about the axis BM µ, to leave it in a horizontal
position. Thus,
the manipulator arm rod (6) is ready to receive another drill rod (9) from the
lifting bar
(1) system and repeat the sequence.
The operator actuates a hydraulic mechanism, tilting the manipulator arm bars
(6)
around the axis BM' from horizontal (Figure 4) up to the vertical position
(13' axis). Then
the operator actuates another hydraulic mechanism running sequentially and
automatically: closing press roller system (11) and safety trigger lock (10).
Once the
drill rod (9) is trapped by these components, the operator runs a hydraulic
control (own
rig) cutting with the drill rod hangs. Then the operator performs
simultaneously and
automatically unscrewing (with press roller system (11)) and upward movement
of the
drill rod (9) on the drilling axis 13' (with flotation system (13)).
After disconnecting the drill rod (9) with the hanging bar, the operator
swings the bar
manipulator arm .(6) from the drill axis 13' (Figure 5) to the horizontal
position (Figure
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4), by rotating it BM' around the axis. Then another hydraulic mechanism opens
sequentially and automatically, the press jaw (12), the roller press system
(11) and
safety trigger (10) system. At that moment, the operator executing another
command,
activates the rotation of trigger pull (26), rotating around the axis E
(Figure 6) leaving
the drill rod (9) on the lifting bar system (1).
By a helper command (20) the downward movements are handled in the vertical
axis
of the lifting body bars (8), the wobbling of the rocker (7) and order /
accommodation
of the drill rod (9) newly placed, by an alignment system bar (19).
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the drilling system comprises a
bar arm
head (14), wherein the head (28) bar corresponds to the set that is closest to
the
surface while the drilling work is being done because it contains the
lubrication system
that delivers the. process, so that whenever required to extend or trim the
scope of
drilling hanging bar, this bar is required uncoupling head to add or pick
another drill rod
and then screw it back. The head bar (28) is screwed on the upper end an
injection
head of water, which in turn has a hose, allowing inject water with additives
to drilling,
lubricating the shaft and cutting tool (crown). The bar arm head (14) works
together
with the manipulator arm (6), as this arm bar head sticks his head bar that
contains at
its upper end the injection head of water, allowing the manipulator can get
one by one
bars or collars well.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the bar arm head (14) comprises at
least
one rotary cylinder rod arm head (33), a roller arm cylinder rod head (34) and
an arm
= roll bar head (35), which can be positioned, tighten and secure the head
(28) bar.
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Posture and removal of the head (28) bar is performed whenever required:
change the
cutting tool (crown), add or remove drill rods (9) and remove or place inner
tube.
The operator actuates a hydraulic control (own rig) cutting or unscrewing the
drill rod
(9) with the hanging bar. Subsequently, through the main winch (own rig, not
shown),
the head bar (28) in the drilling axis P' rises, until it is level with the
head arm bar (14).
Then the head arm bar (28) rotate around the axis BC' to the drilling axis P',
then
actuates the closing of its roll press, unscrewing and floating head (28) bar.
Finally the
head arm bar (14) together with the bar head (28), revolves around the axis
away from
the axis BC' P' drilling and knocking him out of the work area, as seen in
Figure 7.
Each of these movements is commanded by the operator from a hydraulic command
(not shown).
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