Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
CA 02967535 2017-05-11
1
ANTI-EXTRUSION HYDROCYCLONE
1. Field of the invention
The field of the invention is that of the designing and manufacture of
hydrocyclones
conventionally used in the effluent treatment sector to separate the liquid
phase and the solid
phase of a mixture.
2. Prior art
Hydrocyclones are cornmonly used during the treatment of certain effluents in
order to
carry out a liquid-solid separation.
The present Applicant uses hydrocyclones when implementing for example its
water-
treatment process commercially distributed under the name Actifloe. These very
same
hydrocyclones are used in other methods for treating water or industrial
effluents.
A water treatment method of the Actifloe type comprises a step of ballasted
flocculation
during winch the preliminarily coagulated and/or flocculated water is put into
contact with
ballast such as rnicrosand in order to speedily cause the focs that it
contains to settle during a
subsequent settling or sedimentation step.
This settling step leads to the production of at least partially treated water
and a mixture
of settled sludges and ballast.
To maintain the performance levels of such a treatment method, the ballast
concentration
must be kept essentially constant during the treatment.
To maintain performance levels while restricting ballast consumption and thus
reducing
operating costs, the ballast is recycled during treatment. To tins end, the
mixture of sludges and
ballast is conveyed towards a hydrocyclone within winch the solid phase formed
by ballast is
essentially separated from the liquid phase.
The mixture of liquid, sludges and ballast is introduced under pressure
laterally into the
body of the hydrocyclone winch has an internai cylindrical-truncated cone
shape, the diameter
of winch diminishes towards the underflow part of the cyclone. Under the
effect of the feed
pressure, a vortex is created within the interior cavity. This vortex tends to
place the solid phase
flat against the peripheral wall of the cavity. The solid phase then flows
towards the underflow
part of the hydrocyclone while the liquid phase rises towards the overflow
outlet of the
hydrocyclone.
CA 02967535 2017-05-11
2
A mixture of sand and a small quantity of liquid and sludges is extracted in
an underflow
in order to be at least partly recycled in order to reintroduce ballast in the
method. A mixture of
liquid, sludges and a small quantity of ballast is extracted in an overflow.
The implementation of such hydrocyclones enables efficient recovery of ballast
so that it
can be recycled in the method. Their implementation thus helps reduce ballast
consumption as
well as its inherent costs.
To ensure efficient separation of the liquid phase and solid phase in the
mixture of water,
sludges and ballast, tins mixture must be introduced into the hydrocyclone
under high pressure,
generally of the order of two bars. To Mis end, high-powered pumps need to be
used. Such
pumps are however energy-hungry devices.
Besides, current hydrocyclones are sensitive to fluctuations in the suspended
motter
(SM) concentration of the water to be treated. However, the SM load of water
to be treated
varies greatly over a year. During periods in winch the water to be treated
has a high SM
concentration, the underflow outlet of tins hydrocyclone can tend to get
ponding. The
hydrocyclone then has difficulty discharging the mixture of sludges and
ballast in the underflow:
tins phenomenon is called "clogging". A part of the sludges and ballast is
then discharged in an
over-flow with the treated water, inducing losses of ballast and a drop in the
quality of the treated
water.
3. Goals of the invention
The invention is aimed especially of providing an efficient solution to at
least some of
these different problems.
In particular, according to at least one embodiment, it is a goal of the
invention to
provide a hydrocyclone that shows low sensitivity to fluctuations in the SM
concentration of the
effluent to be treated.
In particular, it is a goal of the invention, according to at least one
embodiment, to
provide a hydrocyclone of this kind that has low sensitivity to the clogging
phenomenon.
It is another goal of the invention, in of least one embodiment, to provide a
hydrocyclone
of tins kind that induces low energy consumption, at least as compared with
the prior-art
hydrocyclones.
CA 02967535 2017-05-11
=
3
In particular, according to at least one embodiment, it is a goal of the
invention to
provide a hydrocyclone that can work efficiently with a low feed pressure, at
least as compared
with the prior-art hydrocyclones.
It is another goal of the invention, in at least one embodiment, to provide a
hydrocyclone
of this kind that is reliable and/or robust and/or simple to design.
4. Summary of the invention
To tins end, the invention proposes a hydrocyclone comprising:
a body defining a hollow interior cavity, said hollow interior cavity having a
upper
portion with a cylindrical section extended by a lower portion with a
truncated
conical section, the diameter of said truncated conical section diminishing
towards
the lower part of said body;
an inlet for a mixture of liquids and solids leading into said cylindrical
portion;
an underflow outlet for the discharge of said solids essentially separated
from said
liquid, communicating with the lower end of said interior cavity;
an overflow outlet for the discharge of said liquid essentially separated from
said
solids, conununicating with the upper end of said interior cavity;
wherein said underflow outlet extends from the lower end of said lower portion
of truncated
conical section and has a truncated conical section, the diameter of which
increases towards
the lower part of said hydrocyclone.
Thus, according to this aspect of the invention, the implementing of an
underflow
outlet with a truncated conical section, the diameter of which widens towards
the bottom of
the hydrocyclone, helps preserve the whirling motion of the fluid.
This helps foster the separation of the liquid and solid phases within the
hydrocyclone and limits the phenomenon of congestion of the underflow outlet
of the
hydrocyclone. A hydrocyclone according to the invention is thus less sensitive
to variations
in SM concentration of the effluent to be treated.
This also reduces the feed pressure while preserving a high level of
separation of the
liquid phase and the solid phase in a mixture. Thus, the energy consumption is
reduced
along with the cost inherent in the implementing of liquid/solid separation by
hydrocycloning.
CA 02967535 2017-05-11
4
According to one variant, the contour of said underflow outlet comprises at
least one
helical groove, the winding sense of which is identical to the winding sense
(or circulation
sense) of the liquid within said interior cavity.
The implementing of such a groove sustains the rotation of the fluid in the
lower part
of the hydrocyclone. This helps prevent the congestion of the underflow outlet
of the
hydrocyclone and helps make it less sensitive to variations in SM
concentration of the fluid
to be treated.
According to one variant, said at least one groove is extended partly on the
contour
of said lower portion of said interior cavity.
This also sustains the rotation of the fluid in the lower part of the
hydrocyclone and
plays a part in preventing the congestion of the underflow outlet of the
hydrocyclone and in
making it less sensitive to variations in SM concentration of the effluent to
be treated.
According to one variant, said helical groove forms a hollow.
This ensures efficient guiding of fluid within the hydrocyclone. In one
variant, the
groove could also form a protruding feature within the interior cavity.
According to one variant, the length of said underflow outlet is greater than
three
times the diameter of the junction between the truncated conical lower portion
of the interior
cavity and the underflow outlet of the hydrocyclone.
The length of said underflow will be preferably smaller than or equal to ten
times the
diameter of the junction between the truncated conical lower portion of the
interior cavity
and the underflow of the hydrocyclone.
A shorter length would limit the effect anticipated by the implementing of the
truncated conical underflow outlet, namely improving the liquid/solid
separation and making
the hydrocyclone less sensitive to variations in SM concentration of the
effluent to be treated
while at the same time reducing the feed pressure. A length that is far too
great would
nevertheless lead to a major head loss.
According to one variant, the angle a of the truncated conical section of the
underflow outlet relative to its axis of revolution ranges from 100 to 25 .
CA 02967535 2017-05-11
According to one variant said overflow outlet comprises a truncated conical
tubing
that extends in the prolongation of said cylindrical portion and has a
diameter increasing in
the direction of the upper part of said hydrocyclone.
This reduces the feed pressure and sustains the rotation of the fluid within
the
5 hydrocyclone.
According to one variant, said truncated conical tubing comprises an inlet
that
communicates with said interior cavity and an outlet that leads into a
peripheral housing
made in said body, said overflow outlet furthermore compiising a discharge
tubing that
extends laterally to said body, said discharge tubing comprising an inlet that
communicates
with said peripheral housing and an outlet that leads outside said body.
According to this variant, the overflow outlet of the hydrocyclone is of the
spill-over
type. Indeed, the liquid phase coming from the interior cavity spills over
into the peripheral
housing constituting a collecting box or case and flows from this box through
the lateral
discharge tubing. This preserves the anisotropy and hence the rotation of the
spill-over at
the overflow. The sludges have an anisotropic flow, i.e. this flow is
different (in sense and
speed) according to the location of the hydrocyclone where this flow is
measured. This
results especially from the rotational motion of the sludges inside the
hydrocyclone and the
nature of the sludges (layers that are flot perfectly homogeneous). If the
discharge unit were
to be different from a spill-over (for example a conduit) then the flow would
be forced and
would apply heavy stress to the vortex which it is sought to maintain. The
spill-over box
(collecting box of spill-over) typetherefore makes it possible not to apply
stress to the flow.
According to one variant, the angle p of the truncated conical tubing of the
overflow
outlet relative to its axis of revolution ranges from 100 to 30 .
This makes it possible to obtain a low head loss for the overflow while
maintaining
the rotational motion.
According to one variant, said inlet comprises an inlet tubing that extends
along a
spiral about the longitudinal axis of said body.
This increases the speed of entry of the mixture into the interior cavity and
increases
the centrifugal effect. Conversely, for an equivalent level of centrifugal
effect, the flow rate
and the feed pressure can be reduced.
CA 02967535 2017-05-11
6
According to one variant, said inlet tubing extends along said spiral on a
length of 1/4
to 1/4 of one turn around said body.
This gives a high level of acceleration to the speed of the liquid/solid
mixture and
increases the centrifugal effect inside the hydrocyclone
According to one variant, said inlet tubing extends inclinedly towards the
bottom of
said body.
This orients the mixture towards the underflow as soon as it enters the
hydrocyclone.
Thus, the circulation of solids towards the lower part of the hydrocyclone is
favored, and
this reduces the feed pressure without harming the process of liquid/liquid
separation.
According to one variant, the angle of tilt of said inlet tubing relative to a
transversal
axis of said body is smaller than or equal to 30 .
According to one variant, the connection of said inlet tubing to said
cylindrical
portion of said interior cavity is made tangentially.
This enables the mixture to be placed against the peripheral wall of the
interior cavity
as soon as it enters the hydrocyclone, improves the liquid/solid separation
and reduces the
feed pressure.
According to one variant, the section of said inlet tubing diminishes
gradually
towards said cylindrical portion.
This accelerates the flow of the mixture and plays a role in placing the
mixture
against the peripheral wall of the interior cavity as soon as it enters the
hydrocyclone,
improving the liquid/solid separation and reducing the feed pressure.
According to one variant, the greatest section of said inlet tubing ranges
from 30% to
50% of the section of said cylindrical portion and the smallest section of
said inlet tubing
ranges from 20% to 30% of the section of said cylindrical portion.
According to one variant, said inlet tubing has a circular section, the
connection of
said inlet tubing to said cylindrical portion of said interior cavity being
made elliptically.
This also plays a role in placing the mixture against the peripheral wall of
the interior
cavity as soon as it enters the hydrocyclone, improving the liquid/solid
separation and
reducing the feed pressure.
CA 02967535 2017-05-11
7
According to one variant, the ratio between the small radius and the big
radius of
said elliptically shaped connection ranges from 1 to 2.
According to one variant, the passage from the circular section of said inlet
tubing to
the elliptical shape of the connection of this tubing with said cylindrical
portion of the
interior cavity is done gradually.
This reduces the feed pressure of the hydrocyclone.
According to one variant, the upper contour of said cylindrical portion of
said
interior cavity extends helically with a winding sense identical to the sense
of circulation of
liquid within said interior cavity.
This sustains the rotation of the fluid as soon as it enters the hydrocyclone,
orients the
flow towards the underflow outlet and eliminates the dead volume at the top of
the cylindrical
portion, and thus favors the separation of the liquid and solid phases inside
the hydrocyclone and
limits the phenomenon of congestion of the underflow outlet of the
hydrocyclone. The
hydrocyclone is thus less sensitive to the variations in SM concentration of
the effluent to be
treated. This also makes it possible to reduce the feed pressure of the
hydrocyclone.
According to one variant, said upper contour of said cylindrical portion of
said
interior cavity extends helically from the top to the bottom of the
elliptically shaped
connection.
This maximizes the effects of the use of the upper contour of the helix-shaped
of the
interior cavity.
According to one variant, said hydrocyclone comprises means for injecting
service
water into said interior cavity at the junction between said lower portion
with truncated
conical section and said underflow outlet.
Such injection means can act as a fuse if, in an extreme case, the
hydrocyclone were
to be blocked.
5. List of figures
Other features and advantages of the invention shah l appear from the
following
description, given by way of a simple illustratory and non-exhaustive example
and from the
appended drawings, of which:
Figure 1 illustrates a front view of a hydrocyclone according to the
invention;
CA 02967535 2017-05-11
8
Figure 2 illustrates a view in section along a plane passing through the
longitudinal axis
of the hydrocyclone and the axis of the discharge tubing of a hydrocyclone
according to
the invention;
Figure 3 illustrates a partial schematic view of the inner contour of the
inlet tubing and of
the upper portion with cylindrical section according to the invention;
Figure 4 illustrates a schematic top view of the inlet tubing and of the upper
portion with
cylindrical section of a hydrocyclone according to the invention;
Figure 5 illustrates a top view of a hydrocyclone according to the invention,
the upper
part of which has been removed;
Figure 6 illustrates a transparence side view of the underflow outlet of a
hydrocyclone
according to the invention;
Figure 7 illustrates a front view of a variant of a hydrocyclone according to
the
invention, the inlet tube system of which is tilted.
6. Description of a particular embodiment
6.1. Architecture
Referring to figures 1 to 7, we present an example of a hydrocyclone according
to the
invention.
Thus, as represented in these figures, such a hydrocyclone comprises a body 10
extending along a longitudinal axis. This body 10 comprises a hollow interior
cavity 11.
This hollow interior cavity 11 comprises:
an upper portion 110 with a cylindrical section, and
a lower portion 11 with a truncated cortical section, this portion with a
truncated conical
section being made in the extension of the cylindrical section towards the
hottom of the
hydrocyclone.
The truncated cortical section herein is the truncated portion of a cone of
revolution. Its
diameter tends to diminish towards the bottom of the hydrocyclone.
This hydrocyclone comprises an inlet 12 for a mixture of liquid and solid, for
example a
mixture of water, settled sludges and ballast.
This inlet 12 has an inlet tubing 120. This inlet tuning 120 has a circular
section. The
axis of tins inlet tubing 120 is tilted downwards relative to a transversal
axis of the body of the
CA 02967535 2017-05-11
9
hydrocyclone, i.e. relative to an axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of
the body 10, by an
angle 13 smaller than or equal to 30 (cf. figure 7). The inlet of this inlet
tubing 120 is thus higher
than its outlet. In one variant, it can be that this inlet tubing is flot
tilted (cf. figures 1 and 2). In
this case, it will extend along an axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of
the body 10.
The inlet tubing 120 forms a spiral about the longitudinal axis of the body
10. This spiral
extends over 'h to 3/4 of the periphery of the body 10.
The connection 17 of the inlet tubing 120 with the cylindrical portion 110 of
the interior
cavity 10 is donc tangentially.
The section of the inlet tubing 120 diminishes gradually towards the
cylindrical portion
110.
The greatest section of the inlet tubing, i.e. the section of its inlet,
ranges from 30% to
50% of the section of the cylindrical portion 110 and the smallest section of
the inlet tubing 120
ranges from 20% to 30% of the section of the cylindrical portion 110.
The inlet tubing 120 has a circular section. Its connection to the cylindrical
portion 110
of the interior cavity 10 is preferably donc elliptically. In other words, the
connection 17 has the
shape of an ellipse.
The ratio between the small radius and the large radius of the elliptically
shaped
connection 17 between the inlet tubing 120 and the cylindrical portion 110
ranges from 1 to 2.
The passage from the circular section of the inlet tubing 120 to the
elliptical shape of the
connection of this inlet tubing to the cylindrical portion 110 of the interior
cavity 11 is donc
gradually.
The upper contour 112 of the cylindrical portion 110 of the interior cavity 11
extends
helically with a winding sense identical to the sense of circulation of the
liquid inside the interior
cavity 11, and does so preferably from the top 171 to the bottom 172 of the
elliptical shaped
connection 17 between the inlet tubing 120 and the cylindrical portion 110.
The hydrocyclone comprises an underflow outlet 13 for the discharge of solids
essentially separated from the liquid of the mixture introduced into the
hydrocyclone via the
inlet tubing 120. This underflow 13 communicates with the lower end of the
interior cavity 11,
more specifically with the lower end of the truncated conical portion 111.
CA 02967535 2017-05-11
The underflow outlet 13 extends from the lower end of the lower truncated
conical
section portion 111. It has a truncated conical section 130, the diameter of
which increases
towards the lower part of the hydrocyclone. This truncated conical portion is
in this embodiment
a truncated cone of revolution. It opens into the exterior of the body 10.
5
The length L of the underflow 13 is greater than three times the diameter of
the junction
between the lower truncated conical portion of the interior cavity of the
underflow outlet of the
hydrocyclone. The angle a of the truncated conical portion 130 of the
underflow outlet 13
relative to its longitudinal axis or axis of revolution ranges froml 0 to 25 .
The underflow outlet 13 comprises at least one helical groove 14, the winding
sense
10
of which is identical to the sense of circulation of the liquid inside the
interior cavity 11, i.e.
of the mixture of liquid composed of solids and liquid that are introduced
inside of the
hydrocyclone. The number of grooves would preferably be an even number. This
number
could for example be equal to two or to four. The grooves will be distributed
uniformly on
the periphery of the truncated conical section 130 of the underflow outlet 13.
The groove or
grooves will preferably be hollowed features made on the surface of the
truncated conical
section 30 of the underflow outlet 13. As an alternative, these features could
be ridges on a
surface of the truncated conical section of the underflow outlet, i.e. they
could form an extra
thickness inside the underflow outlet 13.
The groove or grooves 14 extend partly on the contour of the lower portion of
the
interior cavity.
The hydrocyclone comprises an overflow outlet 15 for the discharge of liquid
essentially separated from the solids of the mixture introduced into the
hydrocyclone via the
inlet tubing. This overflow outlet communicates with the upper end of the
interior cavity 11,
more specifically with the upper end of the cylindrical upper portion 110.
The overflow outlet 15 comprises a truncated conical tubing 151 which extends
in
the prolongation of the cylindrical portion 110. Its diameter increases
towards the upper
portion of the hydrocyclone. In this embodiment, it constitutes a truncated
cone of
revolution.
The truncated conical tubing 151 of the overflow outlet 15 comprises an inlet
1510
which communicates with the interior cavity 11, in this case with its upper
cylindrical
CA 02967535 2017-05-11
11
portion 110 and an outlet 1511 which leads into a peripheral housing 16 made
in the body
11. This peripheral housing is a collecting box. The overflow outlet 15
furthermore
comprises a discharge tubing 152 which extends laterally to the body along an
axis
essentially orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the body 10. This lateral
discharge tubing
152 comprises an inlet 1521 which communicates with the peripheral housing 16
and an
outlet 1522 which leads out of the body 10. The overflow outlet 15 is a spill-
over outlet
inasmuch as the liquid coming from the truncated conical tubing 151 spills
over or runs off
into the peripheral housing 16 and gets shed into the discharge tubing system
152.
The angle of the truncated conical tubing 151 of the overflow outlet relative
to its
longitudinal axis or axis of revolution ranges from 10'to30 .
In one variant, the hydrocyclone comprises means for injecting service water
into the
interior cavity, at the junction between the lower truncated conical portion
and the
underflow outlet. These injection means can for example include a service
water injection
pipe 60.
The fact of injecting service water at the junction between the truncated
conical
lower portion and the underflow outlet can act as a fuse if, in an extreme
case, the
hydrocyclone were to get clogged, and can thus enable it to be unclogged.
6.2. Operation
A hydrocyclone according to the invention can conventionally be implemented to
carry out the separation of a liquid phase and a solid phase of a mixture such
as for example
a mixture of water and settled or sedimentation sludges containing ballast.
To this end, such a mixture is introduced inside the hydrocyclone via the
inlet tubing
120 under low pressure, preferably ranging from 0.3 to 1.5 bars.
Owing to the spiral shape of this inlet tubing, the fluid accelerates inside
the inlet
tubing and the centrifugai effect increases. On the contrary, for a same
centrifugai effect, the
feed flow rate and the head loss can be lower. It is thus possible to reduce
the feed pressure.
Since the section of the inlet tubing diminishes, the fluid accelerates, thus
producing
the same effect as the one mentioned in the above paragraph. The centrifugai
effect tends to
place the solids flat against the external wall.
CA 02967535 2017-05-11
12
The inlet tubing is tilted towards the underflow outlet of the hydrocyclone.
The fluid
is thus oriented as soon as it enters the hydrocyclone in the sense of its
flow inside the
interior cavity 11 of the hydrocyclone. This also diminishes the feed pressure
by avoiding
the "dead volume" at the top of the interior cavity that would trap solid
matter and harm the
quality of the separation.
The fluid penetrates the cylindrical upper portion 110 by passing through the
elliptically shaped connection between the inlet tubing 120 and the
cylindrical upper section.
In addition, this connection is made tangentially to the inner peripheral
contour of the
cylindrical upper portion 110. Owing to the geometrical characteristics of
this connection,
the solids as well as the liquid remain placed flat near the inner wall of the
lower cavity 11
as soon as they enter this cavity.
The fluid flows along the upper contour 112 of the cylindrical portion 110 of
the
interior cavity 11 which extends helically with a winding sense identical to
the sense of
circulation of the liquid inside the interior cavity 11, from the top to the
bottom of the
elliptically shaped connection between the inlet tubing 120 and the
cylindrical portion 110.
This makes it possible to avoid the dead zones in the upper region of the
cylindrical upper
portion 110, convey the fluid that has to circulate towards the underflow
outlet of the
hydrocyclone and reduce the feed pressure.
The fluid continues to flow inside the interior cavity 11 in passing into the
truncated
conical lower portion 111. The solid phase then flows towards the underflow
outlet 13 of the
hydrocyclone while the liquid phase rises up to the overflow outlet 15 of the
hydrocyclone.
The solid phase flows from the truncated conical lower section 111 towards the
underflow 13. It flows along grooves 14 which extend on the peripheral contour
of the lower
region of the truncated conical section 111. The use of grooves 14 in this
zone sustains the
rotation of the fluid and reduces the sensitivity of the hydrocyclone to the
SM load of the
mixture introduced into it.
The solid part of the fluid flows inside the truncated conical section 130 of
the
underflow outlet 13. The use of an underflow with truncated conical section,
the diameter of
which widens towards the bottom, makes it possible to prevent induced flows,
thus
CA 02967535 2017-05-11
13
maintaining the rotation of the fluid inside the hydrocyclone. This diminishes
the feed
pressure.
The grooving 14 inside the truncated conical section 130 sustains the rotation
of the
fluid and consequently makes the hydrocyclone less sensitive to the variation
of the SM load
of the mixture introduced into it.
The liquid phase lises to the interior of the interior cavity 11 in passing
from the
truncated conical lower portion 111 to the cylindrical upper portion 110 then
to the truncated
conical tubing 151 of the overflow outlet 15.
The use of the truncated conical tubing 151, the diameter of which widens
towards
the top, preserves the anisotropy of the overflow. This maintains the rotation
of the fluid. It
also diminishes the feed pressure.
The liquid then runs off from the upper part of the truncated conical tubing
151 into
the interior of the peripheral housing 16. It then flows from the peripheral
housing 16 to the
interior of the discharge tubing 152.
Since the liquid phase spills over from the truncated conical tubing 151 into
the interior
of the peripheral housing 16, it maintains a low and constant height of water
in the overflow
outlet, and thus does flot constrain the underflow.
6.3. Advantages
The technique according to the invention facilitates the rotation of the fluid
inside die
hydrocyclone and preserves tins rotation by the implementation, independently
or in
combination, of:
- die inclined inlet tubing;
- the helica1 shape of the upper surface of the cylindrical upper portion;
the truncated section of the underflow;
of the truncated tubing of the overflow;
the discharge of the liquid phase by spill-over;
of the grooving inside the truncated conical section of the underflow;
- the grooving in the lower zone of the truncated conical lower portion of
the interior
cavity.
CA 02967535 2017-05-11
14
Ail this takes part in favoring the separation of the liquid and solid phases
inside the
hydrocyclone and limits the phenomenon of congestion of the underflow of the
hydrocyclone.
The technique according to the invention reduces the feed pressure of the
hydrocyclone
by the implementation of the following independently or in combination of:
the spiral-shaped inlet tubing;
the elliptically shaped and tangential connection between the inlet tubing and
the
cylindrical upper portion;
the reduction of the section of the inlet tubing towards the interior cavity;
the graduai change of shape from circular to elliptical between the inlet
tubing and its
connection to the interior cavity;
the tilt of the inlet tubing;
the helical shape of the upper surface of the cylindrical upper portion;
the truncated conical section of the underflow outlet;
the truncated conical tubing of the overflow outlet;
the discharge of the liquid phase by spill-over;
The technique according to the invention reduces the sensitivity of the
hydrocyclone to
changes in SM load of the mixture introduced inside it and thus limits the
phenomenon of
congestion of the underflow by the implementation, independently or in
combination, of:
the grooving inside the truncated conical section of the underflow outlet;
the grooving in the lower zone of the truncated conical lower portion of the
interior
cavity;
the discharge of the liquid phase by spill-over.
