Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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External tackle system of mast capable of turning
The invention relates to a mast, mounted on board with bearing, fixed to the
board
by a tackle system, consisting of shrouds led at one or more level from the
surface of
the mast, fixed through rollers or similar connecting parts running on
formable
elements fasted on more than one point of the mast surface at the same or
nearly
same horizontal level, or on runner moving on elliptic rigid orbit, then (the
shroud)
led through spreader construction keeping distance from the mast, to the board
or
other stabile place of the sailing vessel, where the spreader construction is
built of
more than one rod, mounted with swivels in certain distance from each other on
or
near the surface of the mast, and are connected again by swivels by bar or
similar
rigid construction with the same or similar length as the distance of the rods
connection on the mast surface, and the shroud is lent to and through this
coupling
bar, the overall stabilizing system enabling the mast to turn along its
vertical axis.
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Patent claims:
1/ The external tackle system of the mast capable of rotation on sailing
boats,
which contains the tackle elements fixing the mast to the hull and the
spreader
elements constructed on the superficies of the mast, characterized as follows:
regarding the longitudinal axis of the hull (2), on the superficies of the
mast (3),
symmetrically two pairs of pivoting points (Al, A2) are constructed in a plane
perpendicular to the axis of rotation (TA) of the mast (3). To each pivoting
point
(Al, A2) one endpoint of at least one spreader element (25) is connected, and
pivoting points (01, 02) are also constructed on the other end of the spreader
elements (25). To the pivoting points (01, 02) at the endpoints of the
spreader
elements (25) being on the same side of the mast (3) at least one end of the
one
connecting element (27) is connected. On the connecting element(s) (27) a
connection point (MP) is made on one hand, on the mast (3), above the plane of
the pivoting points (Al, A2) on the superficies of the mast (3), if
appropriate in the
surroundings of the mast (3) head, on the other hand, it is constructed on the
part
of the tackle element (12) fixed to the hull (2),
2/ The tackle system according to claim 1, characterized as follows: the
distance of
the pivoting points (A1-01, A2-02) is the same in all spreader elements (25)
connecting to the pivoting points (Al, A2) being in the same plane on the
superficies of the mast (3).
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3/ The tackle system according to point 1 or 2, characterized as follows:the
ratio of
the distance (tm1, tm2) measured from the pivoting points (01, 02) at the
endpoints of the connecting element (27) of the connection point (MP)
constructed on the tackle element (12) part of the connecting element (27)
equals
to the ratio of the pivoting points (Al, A2) being on the same side of the
mast (3),
namely to the ratio of the distance (ta1, ta2) measured from the common plane
(KS) of the fixing point of the tackle element (12) on the hull (2) and of the
axis of
rotation (TA) of the mast (3).
4/ The tackle system according to any of the claims 1-3, characterized as
follows:the distance (ta1+ta2) between the pivoting points (Al, A2) being on
the
same side of mast (3) and the distance (tm1+tm2) between the pivoting points
(01, 02) at the ends of the connecting element (27) is equal and the spreader
elements (25) being on the same side of mast (3) are parallel or intersect
each
other.
5/ The tackle system according to any of the claims 1-3, characterized as
follows:the distance (tm1+tm2) between the pivoting points (01, 02) being at
the
ends of the connecting element (27) is shorter than the distance (ta1+ta2)
between the pivoting points (Al, A2) on the same side of mast (3).
6/ The external tackle system of the mast capable of rotation in sailing boats
which contains the tackle elements fixing the mast to the hull, characterized
as
follows: the tackle element (12, 16) is connected to the mast (3) through an
equalizing unit (13, 17) that balances the increase of the distance between
the
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connection point of the two endpoints of the tackle element (12, 16) when the
mast is turning (3).
7/ The tackle system according to claim 6, characterized as follows: the
equalizing
unit (13, 17, 29, 35) consists of an equalizing orbit (18, 30, 36) fixed to
the side of
the mast (3) and of an orbit tracker element (20, 31, 37) moving on it,
carrying or
guiding the tackle element (12, 16).
8/ The tackle system according to the claim 6 or 7, characterized as follows:
the
equalizing orbit (30) is a rigid arched line the arch of which is an elliptic
section
where the major axis of the elliptic section is the axis of rotation (TA) of
the mast
(3) and it is in the plane (KS) defined by the tackle element's (12, 16)
fixing point
being on the hull (2), and the orbit tracker element (31) contains an element
(32)
moving along the equalizing orbit (30) and a guiding element (34) providing
the
longitudinal movement of the tackle element (12).
9/ The tackle system according to any of the claims 6-8, characterized as
follows:
the element (32) of the orbit tracker element (31) moving along the equalizing
orbit (30) is a roller which has a bearing on a hollow shaft (33) and the
tackle
element (12) is passed through the bore of the hollow shaft (33) functioning
as a
guiding element (34).
10/ The tackle system according to claim 6 or 7,characterized as follows: the
equalizing orbit (18) is a longish, slim, flexible, stretch-free element,
bended in V
shape the two endpoints of which is fixed to the superficies of the mast (3)
on the
points (P1, P2) being on the two sides of the common plane (KS) of the axis of
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rotation (TA) of the mast (3) and of the tackle element's (12, 16) fixing
point being
on the hull (2), and the orbit tracker element (20) consists of a rope pulley
(22)
relying on the equalizing orbit (18) from above and of a suspending element
(23),
holding the latter, extending under the equalizing orbit (18), and the
endpoint of
the tackle element (12) is fixed to the suspending element (23).
11/ The tackle system according to claim 6, characterized as follows: as an
equalizing unit, one endpoint of the longish, slim, flexible, stretch-free
element,
bended in V shape is fixed on the superficies of the mast (3) at the points
(P1, P2)
being on the two sides of the common plane (KS) of the axis of rotation (TA)
of
the mast (3) and of the tackle element's (12, 16) fixing point being on the
hull (2)
to the other end of which the endpoints of the rocker shorter than the
distance
between the fixing points (P1, P2) on the mast (3) are fixed and the top end
of
the tackle element (12) is connected to the center of the rocker.
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External tackle system of mast capable of turning
The invention affects the external tackle system of mast capable of turning
that basically
contains the tackle elements fixing the mast to the hull and the spreader
elements
mounted on the superficies of the mast.
As it is known the mast of the sailing boats generates force, resistance of
opposite direction
to the progress of the vessel, and at the same time worsens the vessel's
stability by the load
which is highly situated relative to the tackle axis of it. For this reason,
it is a general
intention to build the mast with the smallest possible cross-section and
wieght. Due to the
low rigidity resulting from the small cross-section, the higher masts are
fixed to the surface
of the vessel (deck) with tackle elements (rope, wire or bar, in technical
terms "vanten",
"stay" and "shroud") mounted on their superficies preventing them from
buckling. In case
of smaller masts, there is a tackle element only at the head, while in case of
higher masts
there is also a tackle element mounted lower from the head on one or more
levels. The
greater the constituent - preventing the buckling - of the tension of tackle
elements
perpendicular to the axis of the mast, the greater the angle between the axis
of the mast
and the tackle elements, therefore the tackle elements are guided through the
external end
of the spreader elements (in technical terms: "spreader") mounted on the
superficies of the
mast at one or more points per side.
The sail connects to mast by its entering edge and it is fixed in a way that
it can turn over
the current downwind side of the mast. By this the vessel is not only capable
of going in the
same direction as the movement of the air (wind) but also at angle to it - in
the widest
range of angles. According to the currently known solutions, the sail can
effectively drive
the vessel in 20-30 degrees relative to the wind direction. When there is a
relatively acute
angle between the string of the sail and the wind direction, the sail does not
use the (ram)
pressure generated on the surface of the sail but it uses the lift force
generated at its
curved arch, created by the difference between speed of the down-flowing air
windward
("luff") and leeward ("lee"). The magnitude of the lift basically depends on
the shape of the
sail arch.
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According to the aerodynamics, the larger proportion of the lift is created by
the
turbulence-free downflow air on the leeward side. At the points where the mast
and the
sail are fixed to each other in a longer line (so called mainsail), they act
like a joint surface
from the point of view of the passing air. It is easy to understand that the
mast is a
disturbing factor in this ensemble, regarding that the air circulating
alongside the mast
breaks the consistency of the surface on the leeward side relative to the sail
fixed on the
back surface or edge of the mast corresponding to the course, and there by
generating
turbulence, breaking the continuous down-flowing of air producing the
effective lift,
decreases significantly the suction effect giving the major part of the lift.
According to
experiments, on one hand the lift generated on the sail increases by half in
case if in the
connection line of the mast and the sail the curve of the down-flowing air
does not break,
on the other hand in this case the impact line of the lift points about 3-6%
closer to the
desired direction.
Therefore the highest efficiency of the mast-sail system can be obtained with
a mast the
surface of which fits well to both sides of the protuberant sail. The experts
have earlier
realized that if the cross-section of the mast is - the most advantageous from
the point of
view of fluid mechanics - drop shaped, to the edge of which the sail is fixed,
the break-free
transition of their joint down-flowing air surface can be assured. However,
for this the mast
must also turn following the sail. Since according to the currently generally
applied
solutions, the tackle elements and the spreader elements are connected to the
superficies
of the mast with one or more rigid fixation keeping their position, this
impedes the mast
from turning along its axis of rotation. The solution of the problem was
attempted in
various ways.
The most simple is the solution based on the description of the patent no. US -
6.817.308:
which can only be applied in case of smaller vessels and shorter masts.
According to this the
mast is not supported by external tackle elements so it can be freely turned.
Another principle is demonstrated by the solutions where there are external
tackle
elements but these are not tied up to the hull but to the mast base or to an
element fixed
to it, so the mast, the spreader elements and the tackle elements are turning
as one single
unit. In the solution presented by the description of the patent no. DE-
101.44.113. the
tackle elements are tied up to the mast base, and in case of the mast shown in
the
description of patent no. US - 6.575.107. to the disc fixed in the mast base.
In case of the
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solution according to the description of the patent no. US - 2003/0.167.995.
on the fixed
mast of cylindrical cross-section the tackle elements, the spreader elements
and the boom
similar to that of the surfs are fixed on a turnable sleeve, and tackle
elements are also tied
up to the boom. In case of the sailing boats no EP - 0.015.489 or JP -
20.68.290 horizontal
arms or a platform is fixed in the turnable mast base, these are guided on the
ring shaped
line being on the deck. The tackle elements are connected to the end of the
arms,
respectively to the flange of the discs.
In case of the sailing boat described in the patent CA - 2.316.030. the
spreader elements are
rotatably embedded on a vertical stud fixed in the longitudinal axis of the
vessel. In the
same way, the tackle elements are also fixed on the front edge of the mast.
The axis of the
turnable mast is aligned with the stud carrying the spreader elements, so the
rotation of
the mast does not change the situation of the spreader elements.
At the solution presented by the patent no. FR - 2.516.045. the mast consists
of two
elements, it has a cylindrical core and a streamlined mantle around it, and
only the mantle
rotates, the cylindrical core is rigidly fixed to the hull. The spreader
elements are fixed on
the cylindrical core, at their fixing the mantle left out. The mast according
to the patent no.
EP - 0.319.591 also consists of two - parallel - elements. The front element
of sickle cross-
section is fixed to the hull, the convex part is the entering curve of the
streamline profile.
The back element is cylindrical, blends into the sickle shaped section, and
this is turnable.
The edge of the sail is guided into the rail formed on this, or it is fixed to
a textile sleeve
imitating the outlet curve of the streamline profile surrounding the
cylindrical part.
The most favorable is the solution described in the patent no. US - 4.230.060.
where a flat,
ring shaped line is fixed to the turnable mast in the plane of the spreader
elements, with
which a "C" shaped yoke surrounding it is guided. The spreader elements are
fixed to this
from both sides. The yoke can turn around the mast, and this way when the mast
turns, the
yoke keeps its original position with the spreader elements. The yoke is
leaning on the rings
with grooved rollers with an axis perpendicular to the plane of the ring, in a
way that their
part of smaller diameter provides the guiding of the yoke in radial direction,
and their parts
of greater diameter provide the vertical guiding of it. The superior end of
the tackle
elements is also connected to the corresponding yoke.
As it can be seen from the presentation, in case of the sailing boat, there
have been several
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different solutions for making the mast turnable - with different results. The
first solution
can only be applied for very small vessels, in case of higher masts, the
support provided by
a spreader element is indispensable. The other three solutions only protect
the mast from
bending or breaking in case of overloading but these do not protect against
falling out, and
do not releases the mast base. The following two solutions may provide
appropriate tackle
for the mast but the integration of the ring shaped line and the arms rotating
on it or the
platform is on one hand very space consuming, on the other hand it requires
the special
construction of the deck. The solution shown in the Canadian patent is usually
implemented in two versions. In one version, the axis of rotation is always
situated in front
of the mast, in this case the mast actually does not turn, but it swings
around the axis of
rotation which raises other problems of statics. In the other version, the
mast is tilted, the
axis of rotation pierces through it still at the base, and at the spreader it
is already situated
outside it, and at the head of it, due to the distance, the rigging must be
fixed to a separate
console. The eighth and ninth solutions do not actually provide the rotation
of the mast but
only parts of it, so in the area where the whole mast must be turned, these
two solutions
cannot be applied. In the solution mention as the last one, these defects are
eliminated but
as the spreaders and the yoke are constructed as a rigid unit, such forces are
impressing the
yoke that makes difficult its movement.
Thus the aim of the invention is to construct a system which can provide that
the turnable
mast shall be able to turn around the axis of rotation inside the body of the
mast but during
the rotation the brace ragging guided by the spreader elements can still
assure the tackle of
the mast against bending or falling out by means that the spreader elements
keep in an
unchanged position the connection point of the tackle element connecting to
them despite
of the turning of the mast.
It is also the task of the invention to solve that the inclined tackle
elements connected to
the mast shall not impede the rotation of the mast when the mast turns and as
a result of
the forward or back movement of their connection point the distance between
their two
connection point changes.
The invention is based on the following basic findings.
From the point of view of the function of the spreader element, it has no
importance if it is
actually in the axis of the pressure exerted by the tackle element on the
superficies of the
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mast. The spreader element being in the axis of pressure can be replaced by
applying a
geometric profile (square) the axis of which, conceived 'inside the profile,
keeps the
permanent distance between the axis of rotation of the mast and the connection
point of
the tackle element, and connects the fixing points applied on the mast,
moreover the
endpoints of the connection element applied at the connection point of the
tackle element
with elements of due stability.
There are no obstacles to fix the spreader structure forming the geometric
profile on the
superficies of the mast in a way that the elements of spreader structure shall
be able to
turn. The connection point of the tackle element cannot move forward or back
in the
horizontal direction as it can only occur in case of the stretching of the
tackle element but
the tackle element is elaborated of low stretching material by definition.
According to a further finding, based on the length of the tackle element and
the angle of
rotation of the mast, at the rotation of the mast, the orbit described by each
points of the
tackle element can be defined. This orbit can be modeled by an equalizing
structure in a
way that the changing of the distance between the two connection points of the
tackle
element could be corrected with this. There are several possibilities for the
construction of
the equalizing structure.
If we create an equalizing orbit of elliptic arc on the superficies of the
mast, which supports
- suitably with a connection permitting an easy roll - the appropriate point
of the tackle
element, then the tackle element will be able to keep its position without
dimensional
changes.
The equalizing orbit can also be constructed in a way that the two endpoints
of a
connecting element capable of changing its shape ("bridle") are fixed in two
points on the
superficies of the mast, and the end of the tackle element is connected to
this connecting
element bended in V shape in a way that will be able to move on it. The
previously
mentioned set-up can be constructed in a way that the former connecting
element bended
in V shape is cut at the top of the V-shape and between the two endpoints a
rocker is
inserted into the center of which the endpoint of the tackle element is
connected.
So the invention affects the external tackle system of the mast capable of
turning, applied
for sailing boats that contains the tackle elements fixing the mast to the
hull and the
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spreader elements mounted on the superficies of the mast. According to the
invention,
regarding the longitudinal axis of the hull, on the superficies of the mast,
symmetrically two
pairs of pivoting points are constructed in a plane perpendicular to the axis
of rotation of
the mast. To each pivoting point one endpoint of at least one spreader element
is
connected, and pivoting points are also constructed on the other end of the
spreader
elements. To the pivoting points at the endpoints of the spreader elements
being on the
same side of the mast at least one end of the one connecting element is
connected. On the
connecting element(s) a connection point is made on one hand, on the mast,
above the
plane of the pivoting points on the superficies of the mast, if appropriate in
the
surroundings of the mas head, on the other hand, it is constructed on the part
of the tackle
element fixed to the hull.
In one advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the
invention, the distance
of the pivoting points is the same on all of the spreader elements connecting
to the pivoting
points being on the same plane on the superficies of the mast.
The other advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the
invention is
constructed in a way that the ratio of the distance measured from the pivoting
point at the
endpoints of the connecting element of the connection point constructed on the
tackle
element part of the connecting element equals to the ratio of the pivoting
points being on
the same side of the mast, namely to the ratio of the distance measured from
the common
plane of the fixing point of the tackle element on the hull and of the axis of
rotation of the
mast.
In the third advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the
invention, the
distance between the pivoting points being on the same side of the mast and
distance
between the pivoting points at the endpoints of the connecting element are
equal, and the
spreader elements being on the same side of the mast are parallel or intersect
with each
other.
Finally, in one advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the
invention, the
distance between the pivoting points at the endpoints of the connecting
element is shorter
than the distance between the pivoting points being on the same side of the
mast.
A second invention affects also the external tackle system of the mast capable
of turning,
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applied for sailing boats that contains the tackle elements fixing the mast to
the hull.
According to the invention, the tackle element is connected to the mast
through a unit
equalizing the increase of the distance between the connection points of the
two endpoints
of the tackle element when the mast is turning.
In one advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the second
invention, the
equalizing unit consists of an equalizing orbit fixed on the side of the mast
and of an orbit
tracker element carrying or guiding the tackle element and moving on this
equalizing orbit.
Further advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the
invention is where
the equalizing orbit is a rigid arched line the arch of which is an elliptic
section where the
major axis of the elliptic section is the axis of rotation of the mast and it
is in the plane
defined by the tackle element's fixing point being on the hull, and the orbit
tracker element
contains an element moving along the equalizing orbit and a guiding element
providing the
longitudinal movement of the tackle element.
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The third advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the
second invention
is constructed in a way that the element of the orbit tracker element moving
along the
equalizing orbit is a roller which has a bearing on a hollow shaft and the
tackle element is
passed through the bore of the hollow shaft functioning as a guiding element.
In the fourth advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the
second
invention, the equalizing orbit is a longish, slim, flexible, stretch-free
element, bended in V
shape the two endpoints of which is fixed to the superficies of the mast on
the points
beingon the two sides of the common plane of the axis of rotation of the mast
and of the
tackle element's fixing point being on the hull, and the orbit tracker element
consists of a
rope pulley relying on the equalizing orbit from above and of a suspending
element, holding
the latter, extending under the equalizing orbit, and the endpoint of the
tackle element is
fixed to the suspending element.
Finally, another advantageous realization of the tackle system according to
the second
invention is where one endpoint of the longish, slim, flexible, stretch-free
element, bended
in V shape is fixed on thesuperficies of the mast at the points being on the
two sides of the
common plane of the axis of rotation of the mast and of the tackle element's
fixing point
being on the hull to the other end of which the endpoints of the rocker
shorter than the
distance between the fixing points on the mast are fixed and the top end of
the tackle
element is connected to the center of the rocker.
The invention is presented in detail through some examples of realization with
the
help of the attached drawings where
Figure 1 shows the front view of a sailing boat very schematically,
Figure 2 shows the slightly enlarged details of I., II. and III. indicated in
Figure 1,
partly in cross section,
Figure 3 shows the side view of the details illustrated in Figure 2 from
direction
IV,
Figure 4 shows in cross section V. of the detail I. indicated in Figure 2,
Figure 5 shows in cross section VI. of the detail II. indicated in Figure 2,
Figure 6 shows the front view of one version of equalizing unit according to
the
invention, and finally
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Figure 7 shows in cross section VII. of the detail II. indicated in Figure 6.
Turnable mast 3 is mounted on hull 2 of sailing boat 1 shown in Figure 1 - in
the general
indication. The horizontal cross-section of the mast 3 - in the way
illustrated in Figure 5 - is
a streamlined profile constructed with cross sections that are aerodynamically
advantageous for the needs. The longer axis of this streamlined profile is in
the longitudinal
axis of hull 2 in the basic position of mast 3 and as appropriate, its convex
endpoint is
situated in the course of sailing boat 1. The line 4 (groove, rail or similar)
necessary for the
fixing of the luff is made in the leech of the mast 3, which can be seen in
figure 5, too.
The structural design shown in figure 2 and 3 provides the turnability of mast
3. As it can be
seen, on the carrying surface 5 - onto the deck or the bilge, suitably on the
keel or on the
reinforced receiving unit of the keel -, constructed on the hull 2, a journal
6 is fixed the
geometric axis of which corresponds to the axis of rotation TA of mast 3. The
mast 3 is fixed
on the journal 6 by bearings, this way it can easily turn even under load.
A journal 7 is inserted - with bearings - into the mast 3 head the geometric
axis of which
also corresponds to the axis of rotation TA of mast 3. On the top of journal
7, there is a cap
8 fixed on which there are stitches 9. The stitches 9 of the mast cap 3
receive the tackle
elements 10, providing forward and back tackle, which are fixed to the front
and end part
of the hull 2. These assure that the mast cap 3 keep its fixed position
relative to hull 2, and
this way it is capable of carrying the devices that require fixed position.
The mast 3 is fixed with tackle fittings 11 on the two sides, and it is fixed
to the two
permanent lateral points of the hull 2 - or of the deck with tackle fittings
15. The tackle
elements 10, the tackle fittings 11 and 15 fix the mast 3 against falling out
by running
outside mast 3, and at the same time they prevent curving (bending) appearing
between
the superior and inferior endpoints.
The tackle fittings 11 consist of a tackle element 12 and of an equalizing
unit 13. The
equalizing unit 13 is mounted on the superior end of the mast 3, and the
superior end of the
tackle element 12 is connected to this. The tackle elements 12 of the tackle
fittings 11 are
guided through a spreader structure 14 mounted on two sides of the mast 3,
functioning as
the spreader.
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The tackle fittings 15 consist of a tackle element 16 and of an equalizing
unit 17. The
equalizing unit 17 is mounted on the mast 3 under the spreader structure 14,
and the
superior end of the tackle element 16 is connected to this.
In this realization, the tackle elements 10, 12 and 16 are uniformly steel
wire but synthetic
fiber yarn, wire or a material of suitable shaping, that is fine and has
appropriate cross
section could also be applied, the point is that it shall have the appropriate
stability, be
resistant to tension, flexible and stretch-free.
The structure and set-up of the elements participating in the tackle of mast 3
can be
understood in detail by Figures 2-5. In the figures only the left sides are
illustrated in detail,
the right sides are the mirror image of these.
As it can be seen, regarding their construction, the equalizing unit 13 and
the equalizing
unit 17 are identical, so it is enough to describe only one of them. The
equalizing unit 13
has two main arts, an equalizing orbit 18 and an orbit tracker element 20
moving on it.
In this case the equalizing orbit 18 is a longish, slim, flexible, stretch-
free element, bended
in V shape, in simple terms a bridle, and in the present case it is a steel
wire identical to the
material of tackle element 10. The two endpoints of the bridle forming the
equalizing orbit
18 are clamped into clams 19 which are fixed to point P1 and P2 of the
superficies of mast 3
in a way that the top of the V shape is situated downward from points P1 and
P2. Points P1
and P2 are arranged in the form that their tp distance measured from the
longitudinal axis
of the section of mast 3 is identical and they are situated in a common circle
of rp radius
around the axis of rotation TA of mast 3.
The orbit tracker element 20 basically consists of a strap-like suspending
element 22 and of
a rope pulley having bearing 21 in it. The top end of the tackle element 12 is
fixed from
below to the suspending element 22. The equalizing orbit 18 is guided under
the rope
pulley 21, this way the orbit tracker element 20 is suspended to the
equalizing orbit 18. It
should be noted that instead of the rope pulley 21 a slider can also be
applied.
In plane of the spreader structure 14, which, in this realization, is
perpendicular to the axis
of rotation TA of mast 3, Al and A2 pivoting points are made with two stitches
23 fixed on
both side of mast 3, on its superficies. Pivoting points Al and A2 is situated
at the same tc
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distance from the longitudinal axis of the section of mast 3.
In both stitches 23 there is one endpoint of the spreader elements 24 having a
bearing in
turnable manner around stud 25 in a way that their plane of rotation is
perpendicular to
the axis of rotation TA of mast 3. Regarding the shape of the spreader
elements 24, they
are identical to the traditional spreader that is they are long, slim poles of
lying
streamlined sections. At the other end of the spreader elements 24 01, 02
pivoting points
are constructed in which two connecting elements 26 are situated with bearing
in a
turnable manner around one common stud 27. The connecting elements 26
intercept in
pairs the spreader element 24 from under and from the top.
On the connecting elements 26 above each other, on the part of the tackle
element 12 a
connection point MP is made in which, in this case, a guiding sleeve 28 is
inserted. Tackle
element 12 is passed through this. Connection point MP is at the same tml, and
tm2
distance from the pivoting points 01 and 02 being at the two endpoints of the
connecting
element 26 as the tal and ta2 distance of the pivoting points Al and A2 at
stitches 23 and
of that measured from plane KS defined by the axis of rotation TA of mast 3
and by the
tackle elements 12. So the ratio of distance tal and ta2 equals to the ratio
of distance tml
and tm2. The straight line lying in plane KS can be considered as the virtual
spreader VS.
The distance between the pivoting points A1-01 and A2-02 being on the spreader
elements
24 is identical, and the distance between the pivoting points Al and A2 at the
stitches 23 is
the same, which distance is the sum of the distances tal and ta2 - distance
(tal+ta2), and
the distance between the pivoting points 01 and 02 being at the two endpoints
of the
connecting elements 26, which distance is the sum of distances tml and tm2 --
distance
(tm1+tm2). This way the spreader elements 24 being on the same side of the
mast 3 are
parallel to each other, that is the pivoting points Al, A2, 01 and 02 of the
spreader structure
14 define a regular parallelogram. Due to the identity between the ratio of
distance tal, ta2
and the ratio of distance tml, tm2, the spreader elements 24 are also parallel
to the virtual
spreader VS.
The equalizing element 13 and the spreader structure 14 presented now work in
the
following manner.
From the description, it can be easily admitted that the orbit tracker element
20 fixed to the
CA 02984089 2017-10-26
top end of the tackle element 12 can easily move by itself on the V-shaped
equalizing orbit
18, the spreader elements 24 can easily turn around the stitches 23, and the
connecting
elements 26 around the endpoints of the spreader elements 24. Of course, the
tackle
element 12 is pulled tightly, so when mast 3 stands straight, that is the
longitudinal axis of
the its section coincides with the longitudinal axis of hull 2, the equalizing
orbit 18 takes a
symmetric V shape, the orbit tracker element 20 is situated in the lowest
point of the
equalizing orbit 18, the angles of the parallelogram formed by the spreader
elements 24 and
the connecting element 26 are right angles.
When turning the mast 3, the following happens.
Depending on the direction of the rotation, one of points P1 and P2 is moving
away from
the plane defined by the longitudinal axis of hull 2 and the axis of rotation
TA of mast 3, and
the other point approaching to it. As a result of the loading of the orbit
tracker element 20,
the equalizing orbit 18 will be symmetric, the changes in length of the two
branches of the
V shape balance each other, so the orbit tracker element 20 stays in its
original spatial
position, that is the length of the tackle fittings 11 does not change. The
same takes place
also in case of the tackle fittings 15.
At the same time the two stitches 23 also turn around the axis of rotation TA
of mast 3 but
because the position of guiding sleeve 28 cannot change, corresponding to the
rules of
geometry, the connecting element 26 turns in the same angle around the tackle
element
12, and the spreader elements 24 stay parallel to their own original position.
So the
position of the virtual spreader VS does not change either.
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Therefore with the solution according to the invention, despite the turning of
the mast 3,
neither the length of tackle fittings 11, nor that of tackle fittings 15 will
change, and this
way the tackle of the mast 3 is permanent.
The solutions according to the invention, by maintaining the principle, can be
implemented
in several constructional versions, in addition the principle according to the
invention is
feasible both at the spreader structure 14, and at the equalizing unit 13
theoretically in case
of other set-ups, too.
Although in the set-up of the elements of the spreader structure, the most
obvious is the
previously mentioned parallelogram shape, the elements can be set-up in
another way, too.
One possible set-up is for example the "trapezoid" set-up when the distance
(tm1+tm2)
between the pivoting points 01, 02 being at the ends of the connecting element
26 is
shorter than the distance (ta1+ta2) between the pivoting points Al, A2 on the
same side of
mast 3.
In another possible set-up, in the "X" set-up the distance (ta1+ta2) between
the pivoting
points Al, A2 being on the same side of mast 3 and the distance (tm1+tm2)
between the
pivoting points 01, 02 at the ends of the connecting element 26 is equal but
the spreader
elements 24 being on the same side of mast 3 intersect each other in X shape.
Obviously, the
vertical position of stitches 23, spreader elements 24 and connecting element
26 relative to
each other shall be adapted to the given set-up.
It is known that there is an integration of the rigidly fixed spreaders where
their endpoint
connecting to the external tackle element is a bit more higher situated
relative to their
internal endpoint. This type of integration can also be applied in case of the
tackle system
according to the invention and it is easily feasible by tilting the axis of
the studs 25 being in
the stitches 23.
Figure 6 and 7 shows one version of the equalizing unit according to the
invention.
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The equalizing orbit 30 of the equalizing unit 29 is a rigid arched line which
is fixed at the
top end of the mast 3. The arch of the equalizing orbit 30 is an elliptic
section the major axis
of which is situated in the plane KSdefined by the axis of rotation TA of the
mast 3 and the
fixing point of tackle elements 12 being on the hull. The orbit tracker
element 31 leans on
the equalizing orbit 30 with a moving element 32. The moving element 32 is a
roller in the
superficies of which there is a groove fitting to the equalizing orbit 30. In
the orbit tracker
element 31, the moving element 32 created as a roller has a bearing on a
hollow shaft 33.
The tackle element 12 is passed through the bore of the hollow shaft 33, and
the diameter
of this bore fits in the diameter of the tackle element 12. It can be seen
that the bore of the
hollow shaft 33 is a guiding element 34 that allows the longitudinal movement
of the tackle
element 12.
The superior end of the tackle element 12 above the equalizing orbit 30 is
fixed to the
superficies of the mast 3 on a fixing point R. The situation of fixing point R
is chosen in a
way that the line of the tackle element 12 is broken at the equalizing orbit
30, this assures
that the orbit tracker element 31 will lie on the equalizing orbit 30 in any
position of the
mast 3.
When the mast 3 turns, the fixing point R also turns, and as a consequence the
distance
between the inferior fixing point of the tackle element 12 at the carrying
surface 5 and the
fixing point R increases. As the distance of the elliptic shaped equalizing
orbit 30 measured
from the axis of rotation TA of mast 3 continuously decreases when the mast 3
is turning in
any direction, and also the distance of the orbit tracker element 31 and the
fixing point R
also decreases equalizing this way the changes in length caused by the
rotation.
It must be mentioned that the moving element 32 presented above can be
replaced by a
slider, too.
Another version of the equalizing unit 13 or 17 presented in the first
realization can be
created which can be easily understood even without figures. In this version,
the longish,
slim, flexible, stretch-free element, bended in V shape is divided into two at
the top of the V
shape and one end of a very short rocker is pivotally connected to the two
parts. The top
end of the tackle element is connected - also pivotally - to the center of the
rocker. When
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the equalizing unit is functioning, the rocker acts as if the rope pulley 21
would roll back and
forth in the top of the V shaped equalizing orbit 18.
The tackle system according to the invention allows that the mast constructed
with a
cross-section, which is ideal from the point of view of fluid mechanics,
beside the tackle
elements (vantini, stay, shroud) passed through the spreader elements
(spreader) moving
together with the sail fixed to it shall be able to turn to wind with its
front edge. The mast
- mainsail collective with the mast of ideal cross-section creates a uniform
aerodynamic
profile which - primarily on the leeward side - as a result of the break-free
down-flowing
air made possible, increases significantly the generated lift. Nevertheless it
provides the
opportunity that the mast constructed with a low cross-section and low weight
(material
consumption) in a statically required form and extent, will be protected
against buckling
and falling out with the help of external tackle elements leaning on the
spreaders that
touch the mast in the appropriate angle.
