Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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METHOD FOR FORMING PARTICLES WITH CROSS-LINKED COATINGS
FOR COSMETIC APPLICATIONS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to topical compositions comprising coated
particles for
preventing bleeding of colored particles and/or providing particle stability
in a solvent system,
as well as methods of making the same.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Cosmetic or topical compositions typically comprise one or more particulate
components, such as, for example, pigments or dyes, fillers, thickeners,
sunscreen agents, and
the like. Such particulate components are often insoluble in the respective
solvent or carrier
system and if so remain dispersed or suspended in the cosmetic or topical
compositions.
The menu of suitable particulate components is limited by factors such as
stability,
incompatibility with other cosmetic components, skin irritability, reactivity,
and the like. In
the case of color cosmetics, many pigments and/or dyes which are soluble in
oils or polar
solvents, such as water, may suffer from "bleeding" into the broader
composition.
Furthermore, whenever there are changes in the pH and temperature in the
surrounding
environment, dispersed or suspended particles may agglomerate with one another
and
precipitate out of the composition. The smaller the particle size, the larger
the active surface
area, and the more susceptible such particulate components are toward adverse
interactions or
interference with other ingredients or components in the cosmetic or topical
compositions,
which may destabilize the cosmetic or topical compositions or reduce the
overall performance
thereof.
Coatings for particles are well known, but they typically suffer from one or
more
drawbacks such as permeability, opacity, solubility, and agglomeration.
Accordingly, there is a continuing need for treating or modifying the cosmetic
particles
in order to eliminate or mitigate the above-described drawbacks. There is also
a need to
improve the overall stability and chromatic appearance of particles in
cosmetic compositions
without adversely affecting the chemical and physical properties of the
particles.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect, the present invention relates to a topical composition
comprising a
dispersion of coated particles in a cosmetically or pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier, wherein
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one or more core particles comprise a heat-curable coating which is the
reaction product of a
vinyl-functional silicone polymer, a hydride-functional crosslinker, and a
metal catalyst.
In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for forming
coated
particles, comprising the steps of:
1) Agitating a volume of core particles while heating to a constant average
temperature of
about 40 C.
2) Once particles are generally evenly mixed, with no apparent agglomeration,
the vinyl-
functional silicone polymer, hydride-functional crosslinker, and metal
catalyst are
combined in a premix under continuous propeller-mixing.
3) The vinyl-functional silicone polymer, hydride-functional crosslinker, and
metal
catalyst premix is then siphoned into the main vessel, containing the heated
core
particles, at rate that ensures no clumping or agglomeration of the
particulates.
4) Once even coating has been achieved, the main vessel is heated to an
average
temperature of about 80 C, then cooled back down to room temperature (about 20
C-
28 C).
5) The coated material is then passed through a 45um sieve to remove any large
particulates that may be present.
The final coated particles are generally referred to herein as a "metal
catalyzed thermal
cure". As will be discussed, Platinum (Pt) is a particularly preferred
catalyst. Therefore, the
coated particles may also be referred to as a "Pt catalyzed thermal cure".
However, such
references should not be construed as limiting.
Other aspects and objectives of the present invention will become more
apparent from the ensuing description, examples, and claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Vinyl Silicone Coating
The compositions herein comprise particles which are coated with a heat
curable
silicone composition.
The vinyl silicone coatings herein contain vinyl-containing
polydiorganosiloxane base
polymers which are generally comprised of siloxane units having substituent
groups including
lower alkyl radicals having up to about 8 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl,
propyl,
isopropyl, etc., and monovalent alkenyl radicals of from about 2 to 20 carbon
atoms such as
vinyl, allyl, butenyl, etc., including cycloalkenyl. These polymers are
prepared by methods
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known in the art and are commercially available with varying degrees of
functionality. They
generally have a viscosity ranging from about 50 to about 100,000 centipoise
at 25 C.
The vinyl silicone coating also comprises a SiH-containing polysiloxane for
use as a
crosslinking agent. The curing reaction which takes place between the vinyl-
functional
polysiloxane base polymer and the Sill-containing crosslinking agent is an
addition cure
reaction, known as hydrosilation. The coatings may be thermally cured by means
of a
platinum group metal catalyzed crosslinking reaction between the vinyl groups
of the base
polymer and the SifI reaction sites of the crosslinker.
Exemplary polydiorganosiloxane base polymers and SiH-containing polysiloxanes
are
provided in U.S. Patent No. 5,223,344.
Suitable hydrosilation catalysts are known and include platinum group metal
catalysts
utilizing such precious metals as ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium,
iridium and
platinum, and complexes of these metals. Preferred are platinum metal
catalysts. Examples of
such hydrosilation catalysts are described in, inter alia, Lamoreaux, U.S.
Pat. No. 3,220,972;
Karstedt, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,715,334; 3,775,452 and 3,814,730; Ashby, U.S. Pat.
Nos.
4,421,903; and 4,288,345; and Saruyama et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,057,476.
The selection of the particular catalyst will depend upon such factors as
speed of
reaction desired, expense, useful shelf--life, useful pot-life and the
temperature at which the
cure reaction is to take place. The amount of catalyst employed is not
critical, so long as
proper crosslinking is achieved; however, as indicated above, the high cost of
these precious
metal catalysts makes their conservative use obligatory. As with any catalyst,
it is preferable to
use the smallest effective amount possible, for the coating compositions
described herein,
enough total catalyst is used to provide from about 5 to about 500 parts per
million of precious
metal as precious metal.
In one embodiment, the coatings may include a silane cure accelerator
additive. The
silane additives of the present invention are those having at least two
hydrogen atoms bonded
to the silicon atom. Preferred are those having the general formula R22SiH2
and R2SiH3 where
R2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals; halides such as
chlorine, bromine
and iodine; cycloalkyl radicals and phenyl radicals.
Typically the silane cure accelerator additives are selected from silanes such
as, but not
limited to, dichlorosilane, dimethylsilane, diethylsilane, dipropylsilane,
dibutylsilane,
dipentylsilane, dihexylsilane, diheptylsilane, dioctylsilane, dinonylsilane,
didecylsilane,
dicyclopentylsilane, dicyclohexylsilane, dicycloheptylsilane,
diphenylsilane,
phenylchlorosilane, phenylethylsilane, methyloctylsilane,
methyldecylsilane,
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phenylmethylsilane, phenylethylsilane, phenylcyclohexylsilane and
methylcycloheptylsilane.
Preferred are diphenylsilane, phenyl silane,
dioctylsilane, methyldecylsilane,
phenylmethylsilane and didecylsilane. Most preferred is diphenylsilane and
phenylsilane.
The silane cure accelerator additives are employed in small effective amounts.
Typically the silane cure accelerator additive is present in the compositions
of the present
invention in amounts ranging from about 0.25 to about 20 moles of silane to
moles of catalyst
metal, most preferably from about 0.5 to about 5 moles of silane to moles of
catalyst metal.
The compositions may also comprise an inhibiting agent. These serve to prevent
premature cure in one-package systems and also extend the shelf-life of stored
products and
the pot-life of products in use. That is, at room temperature, the complete
silicone composition
will not gel prematurely, as often happens with catalyzed silicone
compositions. Especially
useful are dialkyl and dialkenylcarboxylic ester inhibitors such as
diallylmaleate and
dimethylmaleate. These are known to those skilled in the art and are described
in U.S. Pat. No.
4,256,870.
Additional inhibitors include but are not limited to acetylenic alcohols such
as those
described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,445,420; amines such as those described in U.S.
Pat. No.
4,584,361; isocyanurates such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,882,083;
ene-ynes such as
those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,465,818; vinyl acetates such as those
described in U.S. Pat.
No. 4,476,166; and acetylene dicarboxylates such as those described in U.S.
Pat. No.
4,347,346.
Additional ingredients may be added to the compositions to lend specific
properties
and allow the compositions to be tailored to an end-user's needs. For example,
the
compositions may be dispersed in a solvent or used in a 100% solids
formulation, as required.
Vinyl gum cure accelerators, such as those described in Eckberg, U.S. Pat. No.
Re.
31,727, can be added to the compositions of the present invention. Adding from
about 0.5 to
about 10 weight percent based on the total weight of the base polymer of the
vinyl gum
reduces the required curing time.
Other conventional additives, such as controlled release additives ("CRAs"),
anti-
microbial agents, anti-foaming agents and other additives familiar to persons
skilled in the art
are also contemplated by the present disclosure.
Fillers and additives to improve the thermal stability, weather resistance,
chemical
resistance, flame retardancy or mechanical strength or to reduce the degree of
gas permeation
can also be added. Examples of these fillers and additives include fumed
silica, quartz powder,
glass fiber, carbon black, alumina, metal oxides such as iron oxide and
titanium oxide and
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metal carbonates such as calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. Moreover,
suitable
pigments, dyes, blowing agents or antioxidants can be added within a range
which does not
interfere with the curing process.
Vinyl Silicone Coating Method
Methods for coating particulate materials are well known. However, the Pt
catalyzed
thermal cure herein is formed with a coating material which is generally
applied to large,
generally flat, surfaces. The present invention has adapted the heat-curing
method for coating
large surfaces to enable coating particulates having an average particle size
of less than about
45um. The steps for forming the Pt catalyzed thermal cure are provided as
follows:
1) Agitating a volume of core particles while heating to a constant average
temperature of about 40 C. A conventional maximum volume for industrial
applications is
about 22 Liters in, for example, a Littleford Model M-5 Laboratory Mixer.
2) Once particles are generally evenly mixed, with no significant
agglomeration,
the vinyl-functional silicone polymer, hydride-functional crosslinker, and
platinum catalyst are
combined in a premix under continuous propeller-mixing.
3) The vinyl-functional silicone polymer, hydride-functional crosslinker,
and
platinum catalyst premix is then siphoned into the main vessel, containing the
heated core
particles, at rate that ensures no clumping or agglomeration of the
particulates.
4) Once even coating has been achieved, the main vessel is heated to an
average
temperature of about 80oC, then cooled back down to room temperature (about 20
C-28 C).
5) The coated material is then passed through a 45um sieve to remove any
large
particulates that may be present.
The coated particulate material resulting from the process hereinbefore is
referred to as
a "Pt catalyzed thermal cure". The Pt catalyzed thermal cure is particularly
useful for sealing
particulate surfaces via its crosslinked coating. As such, a broad variety of
cosmetic
particulate materials, which would otherwise "bleed" into the cosmetic
composition, are
enabled for use in cosmetic formulas. Conventional core particles, and those
which are
otherwise prone to bleeding, are therefore useful as components of the Pt
catalyzed thermal
cure. And such exemplary core particles are described, in detail, hereinafter.
Cosmetic Core Particles
The present invention provides coated particulate components that are useful
in
cosmetic or topical compositions, as well as methods for making such coated
particulate
components. Specifically, the coated particles each comprises at least one
core particle, which
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is preferably a solid particle that is insoluble in the respective solvent
system (either aqueous
or anhydrous), coated by the vinyl silicone release coating herein.
The core particles useful for the present invention can be any particulate
components
that are commonly used in cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions, which
include, but are
not limited to: mineral pigments and fillers such as, for example, talc,
kaolin, mica, bismuth
oxychloride, chromium hydroxide, barium sulfate, polymethylmethacrylates
(PMMA), boron
nitride, nylon beads, polymeric powders (e.g., BPD 500 powders comprised of
hexamethylene
diisocyanate/trimethylol hexyllactone crosspolymer and silica that is
commercially available
from Kobo Products, Inc. at South Plainfield, NJ), silica, silica beads, lakes
(e.g., aluminum or
calcium lake), metal oxides (e.g., black, yellow or blue iron oxide, chromium
oxide, zinc
oxide, and titanium dioxide), physical and chemical sunscreen agents, and any
other organic
and inorganic powders or particles.
In one embodiment, the core particles can be dyes or pigments. Preferably, the
dyes or
pigments may be water-soluble. In one particular embodiment, the pigments may
be water-
soluble biological pigments, such as anthocyanins or betalains.
The core particles can be of any regular or irregular shape, such as, for
example,
spherical, cubic, cylindrical, planar, fibrous, laminar, and the like. The
average particle size of
the core particles as used in the present invention is preferably from about
0.1 micron to about
50 microns, more preferably from about 0.25 micron to about 25 microns, and
most preferably
from about 0.45 micron to about 9 microns. The core particles preferably
constitute about 10
to about 99 percent by total weight of the coated particles, and more
preferably, about 40 to 90
percent by total weight of the coated particles.
Dyestuffs
According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the
composition may
comprise at least one dyestuff.
For the purposes of the present disclosure, the term "dyestuff' means a
compound
capable of producing a colored optical effect when it is formulated in
sufficient amount in a
suitable cosmetic medium.
In at least one embodiment, the at least one dyestuff is chosen from pigments,
nacres,
flakes, liposoluble dyes and water-soluble dyes, and mixtures thereof.
In the present disclosure, the term "pigments" should be understood as meaning
white
or colored, mineral or organic particles, which are insoluble in the liquid
organic phase and
which are intended to color and/or opacify the composition.
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The term "nacres", as used in the present disclosure, should be understood as
meaning
iridescent particles, produced, for instance, by certain molluscs in their
shell or else
synthesized, which are insoluble in the medium of the composition.
In the context of the present disclosure, the term "dyes" should be understood
as
meaning generally organic compounds that are soluble in fatty substances such
as oils or in an
aqueous phase.
In at least one embodiment, the at least one dyestuff is present in an amount
ranging
from 0.01% to 40% by weight, such as, for example, from 5% to 30% by weight or
from 5%
to 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the at least
one
dyestuff comprises at least one pigment.
The at least one pigment may be chosen from mineral pigments, organic pigments
and
composite pigments (i.e. pigments based on mineral and/or organic materials).
In the present disclosure, the term "pigments" should be understood as meaning
mineral or synthetic particles of any form, endowed with an optical effect,
which are insoluble
in the medium of the composition irrespective of the temperature at which the
composition is
manufactured.
The at least one pigment may be chosen from, for example, monochromatic
pigments,
lakes, nacres and pigments with an optical effect, for instance reflective
pigments and
goniochromatic pigments.
In at least one embodiment, the mineral pigments are chosen from metal oxide
pigments, mica coated with titanium dioxide, mica coated with bismuth
oxychloride, titanium
mica coated with iron oxide, titanium mica coated with ferric blue, titanium
mica coated with
chromium oxide, iron oxides, titanium dioxide, zinc oxides, cerium oxide,
zirconium oxide or
chromium oxide; manganese violet, Prussian blue, ultramarine blue, ferric
blue, bismuth
oxychloride, colored nacreous pigments such as titanium mica with iron oxides,
titanium mica
with, for example, ferric blue or chromium oxide, titanium mica with an
organic pigment of
the abovementioned type, and also nacreous pigments based on bismuth
oxychloride, and
mixtures thereof.
Organic pigments may include, for example: cochineal carmine; organic pigments
of
azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, indigoid dyes, xanthene dyes, pyrene dyes,
quinoline dyes,
triphenylmethane dyes or fluorane dyes; organic lakes or insoluble salts of
sodium, potassium,
calcium, barium, aluminium, zirconium, strontium or titanium, or of acidic
dyes such as azo
dyes, anthraquinone dyes, indigoid dyes, xanthene dyes, pyrene dyes, quinoline
dyes,
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triphenylmethane dyes or fluorane dyes. These dyes may comprise at least one
carboxylic or
sulfonic acid group; and melanin pigments.
Among the organic pigments that may be used according to the present
disclosure,
non-limiting mention may be made of D&C Blue No 4, D&C Brown No 1, D&C Green
No 5,
D&C Green No 6, D&C Orange No 4, D&C Orange No 5, D&C Orange No 10, D&C Orange
No 11, D&C Red No 6, D&C Red No 7, D&C Red No 17, D&C Red No 21, D&C Red No
22,
D&C Red No 27, D&C Red No 28, D&C Red No 30, D&C Red No 31, D&C Red No 33,
D&C Red No 34, D&C Red No 36, D&C Violet No 2, D&C Yellow No 7, D&C Yellow No
8, D&C Yellow No 10, D&C Yellow No 11, FD&C Blue No 1, FD&C Green No 3, FD&C
Red No 40, FD&C Yellow No 5 and FD&C Yellow No 6.
According to at least one embodiment, the at least one pigment present in the
composition according to the disclosure is chosen from hydrophobic-coated
pigments.
In the context of the present disclosure, the term "hydrophobic-coated
pigments"
means pigments surface-treated with a hydrophobic agent to make them
compatible with the
fatty phase of the emulsion, in order that they may show good wettability with
the oils of the
fatty phase. These treated pigments may be well dispersed in the fatty phase.
The pigments intended to be coated may be mineral or organic pigments
described
above.
In at least one embodiment, iron oxide or titanium dioxide pigments are used.
The hydrophobic-treatment agent may be chosen from silicones, for instance
methicones, dimethicones or perfluoroalkylsilanes; fatty acids, for instance
stearic acid; metal
soaps, for instance aluminium dimyristate, the aluminium salt of hydrogenated
tallow
glutamate, perfluoroalkyl phosphates, perfluoroalkylsilanes,
perfluoroalkylsilazanes,
polyhexafluoropropylene oxides, polyorganosiloxanes
comprising perfluoro alkyl
perfluoropolyether groups, and amino acids; N-acylamino acids or salts
thereof; lecithin,
isopropyl triisostearyl titanate, and mixtures thereof.
The N-acylamino acids may comprise an acyl group comprising from 8 to 22
carbon
atoms, for instance a 2-ethylhexanoyl, caproyl, lauroyl, myristoyl, palmitoyl,
stearoyl or
cocoyl group. The salts of these compounds may be aluminium, magnesium,
calcium,
zirconium, zinc, sodium or potassium salts. The amino acid may be, for
example, lysine,
glutamic acid or alanine.
In the present disclosure, the term "alkyl" mentioned in the compounds
mentioned
above may denotes an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, such as
from 5 to 16
carbon atoms.
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Hydrophobic-treated pigments are described, for example, in European Patent
Application No. EP-A-1 086 683. While such pigments may be further coated by
the coatings
herein, the coatings of the present invention may be advantages over
traditional hydrophobic
coating treatments. For example many silicone coatings carry inherent
coloration which may
interfere with exhibition of the color of any core particle. But the coatings
herein are
substantially transparent and colorless, therefore transmitting color of the
coated core particle
with greater efficiency than hydrophbically-treated particles.
The pigments may be present in the composition according to at least one
embodiment
of the present disclosure in an amount ranging from 2% to 40% by weight, such
as from 5% to
30% by weight or from 5% to 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the
composition.
Liposoluble dyes may be chosen from, for example, Sudan Red, D&C Red No. 17,
D&C Green No. 6, 13-carotene, soybean oil, Sudan Brown, D&C Yellow No. 11, D&C
Violet
No. 2, D&C Orange No. 5, quinoline yellow, annatto and bromo acids.
The water-soluble dyes may be chosen from, for example, beetroot juice,
methylene
blue and caramel. When formulated into topical compositions, the coated
particles of the
present invention provide various advantages and benefits that are not
available in their un-
encapsulated or "naked" counterparts. For example, because the core particles
are sealed off
by the coating layers from potentially destabilizing or degrading active
ingredients in the
topical composition, they are significantly more stable than their un-
encapsulated or "naked"
counterparts. Further, if the core particles contain material or materials
potentially capable of
cause generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may in turn degrade
or otherwise
interfere with other active ingredients in the topical composition, the
antioxidant coating layer
functions to scavenge the ROS and thereby reduce the interference or
degradation and
improves the overall stability of the topical composition. Coating of the core
particles by the
water-insoluble metal salt of N-acylamino acid, which is hydrophobic, may also
impart
hydrophobicity to certain core particles that are intrinsically hydrophilic
and allow such core
particles to be formulated into oil or silicone phases that are typically
incompatible with un-
encapsulated or "naked" hydrophilic particles. It is important to note that
the desired chemical
and/or physical properties of the core particles should remain substantially
unaffected by the
presence of the coating layers described hereinabove.
The coated particles can be added directly to any pharmaceutically or
cosmetically
acceptable carrier to form a cosmetic or topical composition. For purpose of
the present
invention, pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable carriers are substances
that are
biologically compatible with human skin and can be used to formulate active
ingredients
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described hereinabove and/or hereinafter into a cream, gel, emulsion, liquid,
suspension,
powder, foundation, nail coating, lip treatment, mascara, skin oil, or lotion
that can be
topically applied. In the case where the cosmetically acceptable carrier is in
the form of an
emulsion, it may contain from about 0.1 to 99%, preferably from about 0.5 to
95%, more
preferably from about 1 to 80% by weight of the total composition of water and
from about
0.1 to 99%, preferably from about 0.1 to 80%, more preferably from about 0.5
to 75% by
weight of the total composition of oil. If the composition is anhydrous, it
may comprise from
about 0.1 to 90 wt% of oil and from about 0.1 to 75 wt% of other ingredients
such as
pigments, powders, non-aqueous solvents (such as mono-, di-, or polyhydric
alcohols, etc. In
the case where the composition is in the form of an aqueous based gel,
solution, or suspension,
it may comprise from about 0.1 to 99 wt% of water and from about 0.1 to 75 wt%
of other
ingredients such as botanicals, non-aqueous solvents, etc.
The pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable carrier or carriers can be
present in
the topical or cosmetic composition of the present invention at an amount
ranging from about
0.1% to about 99.9%, preferably from about 5% to about 99.5%, more preferably
from about
10% to about 99%, and most preferably from about 10% to 90% by total weight of
the topical
or cosmetic composition.
The topical or cosmetic composition may contain one or more skin care actives,
which
are agents that provide benefits to the skin, rather than merely improving the
physical or
aesthetic characteristics of the topical composition. If present, such skin
care actives may
range from about 0.01 to 50%, preferably from about 0.05 to 35% by weight of
the total
composition. Exemplary skin care additives that can be used in the topical or
cosmetic
compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to:
chemical or physical
sunscreens, self-tanning agents such as dihydroxyacetone, anti-acne agents
(e.g., resorcinol,
salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, and the like), enzyme-inhibiting agents,
collagen-stimulating
agents, agents for the eradication of age spots and keratoses, analgesics,
anesthetics,
antimicrobials (e.g., antibacterials, antiyeast agents, antifungal agents, and
antiviral agents),
antidandruff agents, antidermatitis agents, antipruritic agents, antiemetics,
anti-inflammatory
agents, antihyperkeratolytic agents, antiperspirants, antipsoriatic agents,
antiseborrheic agents,
antihistamine agents, skin lightening agents, depigmenting agents, skin
soothing/healing
agents (e.g., aloe vera extract, allantoin, and the like), corticosteroids,
hormones, proteins or
peptides, vitamins and derivatives thereof (e.g., vitamin A, vitamin E,
vitamin B3, vitamin B5,
and the like), exfoliants, retinoids (e.g., retinoic acid and retinol),
farnesol, bisabolol,
phytantriol, glycerol, urea, guanidine (e.g., amino guanidine), clotrimazole,
ketoconazole,
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miconozole, griseofulvin, hydroxyzine, diphenhydramine, pramoxine, lidocaine,
procaine,
mepivacaine, monobenzone, erythromycin, tetracycline, clindamycin,
meclocyline,
minocycline, hydroquinone, naproxen, ibuprofen, theophylline, cromolyn,
albuterol, topical
steroids (e.g., hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone 21-acetate, hydrocortisone 17-
valerate, and
hydrocortisone 17-butyrate), betamethasone valerate, betamethasone
diproprionate, benzoyl
peroxide, crotamiton, propranolol, promethazine, and mixtures or derivatives
thereof. In a
preferred, but not necessary embodiment of the present invention, the topical
composition
comprises one or more skin care actives selected from the group consisting of
sunscreen
agents, self-tanning agents, anti-aging agents, anti-wrinkle agents, anti-acne
agents,
antimicrobials, anti-inflammatory agents, skin-lightening agents, proteins or
peptides, vitamins
and derivatives thereof, exfoliants, ingredients that stimulate DNA repair,
ingredients that
provide immune protection, ingredients that stimulate cell renewal,
ingredients that stimulate
skin barrier repair, moisturizers, and mixtures thereof.
Carrier
The cosmetically acceptable carrier may also contain one or more oils, which
may be
silicone, organic, or mixtures thereof. If present, such oils may range from
about 0.1 to 99%
by weight of the total composition and include volatile or non-volatile
silicones such as
cyclomethicone ; methyl trimethic one ; octamethyltrisiloxane ;
decamethyltetrasiloxane;
dodecamethylpentasiloxane; dimethicone; phenyl trimethicone
trimethylsiloxyphenyl
dimethicone; phenyl dimethicone; cetyl dimethicone; dimethicone copolyol,
cetyl dimethicone
copolyol; glycerolated silicones such as lauryl PEG-9 polydimethylsiloxyethyl
dimethicone; or
mixtures thereof. Suitable esters include mono-, di-, or triesters of C4-30
fatty acids and mono-
, di-, or polyhydric C1-20 alcohols, such as fatty acid (e.g., stearyl,
behenyl, and isostearyl)
esters of glycerin, or fatty acid esters of alpha hydroxyl acids such as
citric, malic, or lactic
acids and the like. Suitable hydrocarbons include monomeric or polymeric
olefins or alpha
olefins, such as polyisobutene, polydecene, polybutene, or hydrogenated
derivatives thereof.
The cosmetically acceptable carrier may also comprise one or more humectants.
If
present, they may range from about 0.1 to 20% by weight of the total
composition and include
C1-4 alkylene glycols such as butylene, propylene, ethylene glycol, glycerin
and the like.
The cosmetically acceptable carrier may also contain one or more waxes
preferably
having a melting point ranging from about 30 to 150 C. If present, such waxes
may range
from about 0.1 to 45% by weight of the total composition and include animal,
vegetable,
mineral, or silicone waxes. Examples include alkyl dimethicones stearyl
dimethicone,
candelilla, polyethylene, ozokerite, beeswax, and the like.
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PCT/US2016/037570
The cosmetically acceptable carrier may also comprise one or more
organosiloxane
elastomers, either emulsifying or non-emulsifying. If present, such elastomers
may range
from about 0.1 to 30% by weight of the total composition. Examples of suitable
elastomers
include dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer; dimethicone/dimethicone
PEG/PPG
10/15 crosspolymer; and the like.
The cosmetically acceptable carrier may also include one or more pigments or
powders
or mixtures thereof. If present, the suggested ranges of such pigments or
powders are from
about 0.1 to 85% by weight of the total composition. The particle sizes of
such pigments or
powders may range from about 0.05 to 200 microns but are preferably about 50-
100 microns.
Examples of pigments include organic pigments such as D&C or FD&C colors or
Lakes
thereof including blues, browns, reds, etc; or inorganic iron oxides such as
brown, yellow,
green, red, iron oxides. Suitable powders include titanium dioxide, nylon,
PMMA, boron
nitride, mica, and the like.
The cosmetically acceptable carrier may also comprise one or more nonionic
surfactants, particularly if the topical or cosmetic composition of the
present invention is
provided in the emulsion form. If present, such surfactants may range from
about 0.1 to 20%
by weight of the total composition. Suitable surfactants include ethoxylated
fatty C6-30
alcohols such as steareth, beheneth, ceteth where the number following each of
the surfactants
refers to the number of repeating ethylene oxide groups which may range from 2
to 250, e.g.
steareth-2, beheth-30 and so on.
While the present invention has been described hereinabove with reference to
specific
embodiments, features and aspects, it will be recognized that the invention is
not thus limited,
but rather extends in utility to other modifications, variations,
applications, and embodiments,
and accordingly all such other modifications, variations, applications, and
embodiments are to
be regarded as being within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
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