Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
METHODS OF OFF-LINE HEAT TREATMENT OF NON-FERROUS ALLOY
FEEDSTOCK
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to heat treatment of cast metal
alloys.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Annealing and solution heat treatment of cast metal alloys is
known.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0003] In some embodiments, the method includes obtaining a coil of a non-
ferrous alloy
strip as feedstock; uncoiling the coil of the feedstock; heating the feedstock
to a temperature
between a recrystallization temperature of the non-ferrous alloy and 10
degrees Fahrenheit below
a solidus temperature of the non-ferrous alloy; and quenching the feedstock to
form a heat-
treated product having a temper. In some embodiments, the temper is 0 temper
or T temper; and
the non-ferrous alloy strip excludes aluminum alloys having all of the
following 0.4 weight
percent silicon, less than 0.2 weight percent iron, 0.35 to 0.40 weight
percent copper, 0.9 weight
percent manganese, and 1 weight percent magnesium.
[0004] In some embodiments, the heating is selected from the group
consisting of
infrared, radiant-tube, gas-fired furnace, direct resistance, induction
heating, and combination
thereof. In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is selected from the group
consisting of
aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, titanium alloys, copper alloys, nickel
alloys, zinc alloys and
tin alloys. In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is an aluminum alloy
selected from the
group consisting of 2xxx, 3xxx, 6xxx, 7xxx, and 8xxx series aluminum alloys.
[0005] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a magnesium alloy.
In some
embodiments, the method further comprises recoiling the heat-treated product
to form a second
coil. In some embodiments, the heating temperature is between the
recrystallization temperature
1
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
of the non-ferrous alloy and 30 degrees Fahrenheit below the solidus
temperature of the non-
ferrous alloy.
[0006] In some embodiments, the heating temperature is between the
recrystallization
temperature of the non-ferrous alloy and 60 degrees Fahrenheit below the
solidus temperature of
the non-ferrous alloy. In some embodiments, the heating temperature is between
the
recrystallization temperature of the non-ferrous alloy and 85 degrees
Fahrenheit below the
solidus temperature of the non-ferrous alloy.
[0007] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is aluminum alloy and
the heating
temperature is between 600 and 1100 degrees Fahrenheit. In some embodiments,
the non-
ferrous alloy is magnesium alloy and the heating temperature is between 550
and 930 degrees
Fahrenheit.
[0008] In some embodiments, the method comprises obtaining a coil of a
non-ferrous
alloy strip as feedstock; uncoiling the coil of the feedstock; heating the
feedstock to a
temperature between a recrystallization temperature of the non-ferrous alloy
and 10 degrees
Fahrenheit below a solidus temperature of the non-ferrous alloy for a heating
duration of 0.5 to
55 seconds; and quenching the feedstock to form a heat-treated product having
a temper.
[0009] In some embodiments, the temper is 0 temper or T temper; and the
non-ferrous
alloy strip excludes aluminum alloys having all of the following 0.4 weight
percent silicon, less
than 0.2 weight percent iron, 0.35 to 0.40 weight percent copper, 0.9 weight
percent manganese,
and 1 weight percent magnesium.
[00010] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is selected from the
group consisting
of aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, titanium alloys, copper alloys, nickel
alloys, zinc alloys
and tin alloys. In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is an aluminum
alloy selected from
2
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
the group consisting of 2xxx, 3xxx, 6xxx, 7xxx, and 8xxx series aluminum
alloys. In some
embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a magnesium alloy.
[00011] In some embodiments, the heating duration is 0.5 to 20 seconds. In
some
embodiments, the heating duration is 0.5 to 15 seconds. In some embodiments,
the non-ferrous
alloy is an aluminum alloy and the heating temperature is between 600 and 1100
degrees
Fahrenheit. In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is magnesium alloy and
the heating
temperature is between 550 and 930 degrees Fahrenheit. In some embodiments,
the temper is
selected from the group consisting of T4 and T4X.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[00012] FIG. 1 illustrates features of some embodiments of the present
invention.
[00013] FIG. 2 illustrates features of some embodiments of the present
invention.
[00014] FIG. 3 illustrates features of some embodiments of the present
invention.
[00015] The present invention will be further explained with reference to
the attached
drawings, wherein like structures are referred to by like numerals throughout
the several views.
The drawings shown are not necessarily to scale or aspect ratio, with emphasis
instead generally
being placed upon illustrating the principles of the present invention.
Further, some features may
be exaggerated to show details of particular components.
[00016] The figures constitute a part of this specification and include
illustrative
embodiments of the present invention and illustrate various objects and
features thereof. Further,
the figures are not necessarily to scale, some features may be exaggerated to
show details of
particular components. In addition, any measurements, specifications and the
like shown in the
figures are intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Therefore,
specific structural and
3
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but
merely as a
representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ
the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[00017] The present invention will be further explained with reference to
the attached
drawings, wherein like structures are referred to by like numerals throughout
the several views.
The drawings shown are not necessarily to scale, with emphasis instead
generally being placed
upon illustrating the principles of the present invention. Further, some
features may be
exaggerated to show details of particular components.
[00018] The figures constitute a part of this specification and include
illustrative
embodiments of the present invention and illustrate various objects and
features thereof. Further,
the figures are not necessarily to scale, some features may be exaggerated to
show details of
particular components. In addition, any measurements, specifications and the
like shown in the
figures are intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Therefore,
specific structural and
functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but
merely as a
representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ
the present invention.
[00019] Among those benefits and improvements that have been disclosed,
other objects
and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following
description taken in
conjunction with the accompanying figures. Detailed embodiments of the present
invention are
disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed
embodiments are merely
illustrative of the invention that may be embodied in various forms. In
addition, each of the
examples given in connection with the various embodiments of the invention
which are intended
to be illustrative, and not restrictive.
4
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
[00020] Throughout the specification and claims, the following terms take
the meanings
explicitly associated herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
The phrases "in one
embodiment" and "in some embodiments" as used herein do not necessarily refer
to the same
embodiment(s), though it may. Furthermore, the phrases "in another embodiment"
and "in some
other embodiments" as used herein do not necessarily refer to a different
embodiment, although
it may. Thus, as described below, various embodiments of the invention may be
readily
combined, without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.
[00021] In addition, as used herein, the term "or" is an inclusive "or"
operator, and is
equivalent to the term "and/or," unless the context clearly dictates
otherwise. The term "based
on" is not exclusive and allows for being based on additional factors not
described, unless the
context clearly dictates otherwise. In addition, throughout the specification,
the meaning of "a,"
"an," and "the" include plural references. The meaning of "in" includes "in"
and "on.
[00022] As used herein, the term "anneal" refers to a heating process that
primarily causes
recrystallization of the metal to occur. In some embodiments, anneal may
further include
dissolution of soluble constituent particles based, at least in part, on the
size of the soluble
constituent particles and the annealing temperature. In embodiments,
temperatures used in
annealing aluminum alloys range from about 600 to 900 F. In embodiments,
temperatures used
in annealing copper alloys range from about 700 to 1700 F. In embodiments,
temperatures used
in annealing magnesium alloys range from about 550 to 850 F. In embodiments,
temperatures
used in annealing nickel alloys range from about 1400 to 2220 F. In
embodiments,
temperatures used in annealing titanium alloys range from about 1200 to 1650
F. In
embodiments, temperatures used in annealing other non-ferrous alloys may
include any of the
temperature ranges detailed above.
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
[00023] Also as
used herein, the term "solution heat treatment" refers to a metallurgical
process in which the metal is held at a high temperature so as to cause the
second phase particles
of the alloying elements to dissolve into solid solution. Temperatures used in
solution heat
treatment are generally higher than those used in annealing, and range up to
about 1100 F for
aluminum alloys. This condition is then maintained by quenching of the metal
for the purpose of
strengthening the final product by controlled precipitation (aging). In
embodiments,
temperatures used in solution heat treatment of copper alloys range from 1425
to 1700 F. In
embodiments, temperatures used in solution heat treatment of magnesium alloys
range from 750
to 930 F. In embodiments, temperatures used in solution heat treatment of
nickel alloys range
from 1525 to 2260 F. In embodiments, temperatures used in solution heat
treatment of titanium
alloys range from 1400 to 1850 F. In embodiments, temperatures for solution
heat treatment of
other non-ferrous alloys may include any of the temperature ranges detailed
above.
[00024] As used
herein, the term "feedstock" refers to a non-ferrous alloy in strip form.
The feedstock employed in the practice of the present invention can be
prepared by any casting
techniques known to those skilled in the art including, but not limited to
direct chill casting and
continuous casting. In some embodiments, the feedstock is generated using an
ingot process,
belt casters, and/or roll casters. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a non-
ferrous alloy strip
produced using a method described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,515,908; 6,672,368;
and 7,125,612.
[00025] In some
embodiments, the feedstock may have been optionally subjected to one or
more of the following steps prior to heating: shearing, trimming, quenching,
hot and/or cold
6
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
rolling, and/or coiling. In some embodiments, the feedstock is hot and/or cold
rolled until the
final predetermined gauge is reached and then coiled to form a coiled
feedstock.
[00026] As used herein, "strip" may be of any suitable thickness, and is
generally of sheet
gauge (0.006 inch to 0.249 inch) or thin-plate gauge (0.250 inch to 0.400
inch), i.e., has a
thickness in the range of 0.006 inch to 0.400 inch. In one embodiment, the
strip has a thickness
of at least 0.040 inch. In one embodiment, the strip has a thickness of no
greater than 0.320 inch.
In one embodiment, the strip has a thickness of from 0.0070 to 0.018, such as
when used for
canning/packaging applications. In some embodiments, the strip has a thickness
in the range of
0.06 to 0.25 inch. In some embodiments, the strip has a thickness in the range
of 0.08 to 0.14
inch. In some embodiments, the strip has a thickness in the range of 0.08 to
0.20 inch. In some
embodiments, the strip has a thickness in the range of 0.1 to 0.25 inches in
thickness.
[00027] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy strip has a width up to
about 90
inches, depending on desired continued processing and the end use of the
strip. In some
embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy strip has a width up to about 80 inches,
depending on desired
continued processing and the end use of the strip. In some embodiments, the
non-ferrous alloy
strip has a width up to about 70 inches, depending on desired continued
processing and the end
use of the strip. In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy strip has a width
up to about 60
inches, depending on desired continued processing and the end use of the
strip. In some
embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy strip has a width up to about 50 inches,
depending on desired
continued processing and the end use of the strip.
[00028] As used herein, the term "solidus" temperature means the
temperature below
which a non-ferrous alloy is completely solid.
7
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
[00029] As used herein, the term "non-equilibrium melting" temperature
means the
temperature at which melting of a non-ferrous alloy occurs at less than the
solidus temperature.
[00030] As used herein, the term "recrystallization temperature" means the
lowest
temperature at which the distorted grain structure of a cold-worked metal is
replaced by a new,
strain-free grain structure.
[00031] As used herein, the term "temperature" may refer to an average
temperature, a
maximum temperature, or a minimum temperature.
[00032] As used herein, the phrase "the aluminum alloy is selected from
the group
consisting of lxxx, 2xxx, 3xxx, 4xxx, 5xxx, 6xxx, 7xxx, and 8xxx series
aluminum alloys" and
the like means an aluminum alloy selected from the group consisting of 1XXX,
2xxx, 3xxx, 4xxx,
5xxx, 6xxx, 7xxx, and 8xxx series aluminum alloys registered with the Aluminum
Association
and unregistered variants of the same and excluding aluminum alloys having all
of the following:
0.4 weight percent silicon; less than 0.2 weight percent iron, 0.35 to 0.40
weight percent copper,
0.9 weight percent manganese, and 1 weight percent magnesium.
[00033] As used herein, "heating duration" means the time elapsed between
the start of
heating an alloy and the start of cooling an alloy.
[00034] As used herein, "non-ferrous alloys" means an alloy of an element
such as
aluminum, magnesium, titanium, copper, nickel, zinc or tin.
[00035] In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a method of
making non-
ferrous alloy strip in an off-line process. In some embodiments, the present
invention relates to a
method of heating a cast strip in an off-line process. In some embodiments,
the method is used
to make non-ferrous alloy strip of T (heat-treated) or 0 (annealed) temper
having the desired
8
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
properties by heating to a temperature above the recrystallization temperature
and below the
solidus or non-equilibrium melting temperature.
[00036] In some embodiments, the present invention relates to methods of
manufacturing
of non-ferrous alloy strip for use in commercial applications such as
automotive, canning, food
packaging, beverage containers and aerospace applications.
[00037] In some embodiments, the present invention is a method of
manufacturing a non-
ferrous alloy strip in an off-line process comprising obtaining a coil of a
non-ferrous alloy strip
as feedstock; uncoiling the coil of the feedstock; heating the feedstock to a
temperature between
a recrystallization temperature of the non-ferrous alloy and 10 degrees
Fahrenheit below a
solidus temperature of the non-ferrous alloy; and quenching the feedstock to
form a heat-treated
product having a temper. In some embodiments, the first temper is 0 temper, T
temper, or W
temper. In some embodiments, the quenching is conducted using liquid sprays,
gas, gas
followed by liquid, and/or liquid followed by gas.
[00038] ln some embodiments, the feedstock is coiled to form a first coil.
In some
embodiments, the method further includes uncoiling the first coil. In some
embodiments, the
method further includes recoiling the aluminum alloy strip to form a second
coil.
[00039] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is selected from the
group consisting
of aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, titanium alloys, copper alloys, nickel
alloys, zinc alloys
and tin alloys.
[00040] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is an aluminum alloy
selected from
the group consisting of 2xxx, 3xxx, 6xxx, 7xxx, and 8xxx series aluminum
alloys.
[00041] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a magnesium alloy.
In some
embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a titanium alloy. In some embodiments,
the non-ferrous
9
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
alloy is a copper alloy. In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a
nickel alloy. In some
embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a zinc alloy. In some embodiments, the
non-ferrous alloy
is a tin alloy.
[00042] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy strip excludes aluminum
alloys
having all of the following:
0.4 weight percent silicon,
less than 0.2 weight percent iron,
0.35 to 0.40 weight percent copper,
0.9 weight percent manganese, and
1 weight percent magnesium.
[00043] In some embodiments, the heating is conducted using any type of
heat treatment
including, but not limited to, infrared, radiant-tube, gas-fired furnace,
direct resistance and/or
induction heat treatment. In some embodiments, the heat treatment is induction
heating. In
some embodiments, the induction heating is conducted using a heater that is
configured for
transverse flux induction heating ("TFIH").
[00044] In some embodiments, the feedstock has a uniform microstructure
with fine
constituents. In some embodiments, the feedstock achieves a uniform
microstructure with fine
constituents with the strip continuous casting methods detailed in U.S. Patent
Nos. 5,515,908;
6,672,368; and 7,125,612.
In some embodiments, as the time of solidification in
the continuous casting methods may be short (< 100 millisecond), the
intermetallic compounds
in the feedstock do not have time to grow to reach a size that would require
high temperatures
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
and longer holding times for dissolution. In some embodiments, the particles
of the soluble
Mg2Si phase in the feedstock are generally under 1 micron in size with an
average particle size
of about 0.3 microns. In the embodiments, the small soluble particles in the
feedstock are
suitable for rapid dissolution. In some embodiments, a high percentage of the
solute in the
feedstock tends to be in solution and thus requires no additional
solutionizing.
[00045] In some embodiments, the small particle size of the intermetallic
compounds and
the large percentage of the solute in solution of the aluminum alloy strip
facilitate the use of
heating for solution heat treatment of alloys and/or age hardened alloys at
lower temperatures. In
some embodiments, the small particle size of the intermetallic compounds and
the large
percentage of the solute in solution of the aluminum alloy strip facilitate
the use of induction
heating for solution heat treatment of alloys and/or age hardened alloys at
lower temperatures. In
some embodiments, the process is enabled by uniform microstructures with fine
constituents
which can be solution heat treated at lower temperatures than needed for
conventional ingot
material thereby providing solutionization without the occurrence of localized
strip melting. In
some embodiments, the feedstock material may be processed at increased line
speeds due to the
lower temperatures required for heat treatment. In some embodiments, the
heating is sufficient
to restrict the growth of the Mg2Si particles while they are passing through
the temperature range
before dissolution starts. In some embodiments, the heating is sufficient to
restrict the growth of
the Mg2Si particles while they are passing through the temperature range above
800 F, as a non-
limiting example, before dissolution starts. In some embodiments, the heated
strip is then
quenched to keep the solute in solution.
[00046] In some embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a temperature
equal to a
recrystallization temperature of the non-ferrous alloy. In some embodiments,
the feedstock is
11
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
heated to a temperature between a recrystallization temperature of the non-
ferrous alloy and 85
F below the solidus or non-equilibrium melting temperature of the non-ferrous
alloy. In some
embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a temperature between a
recrystallization temperature of
the non-ferrous alloy and 80 F below the solidus or non-equilibrium melting
temperature of the
non-ferrous alloy. In some embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a
temperature between a
recrystallization temperature of the non-ferrous alloy and 70 F below the
solidus or non-
equilibrium melting temperature of the non-ferrous alloy. In some embodiments,
the feedstock
is heated to a temperature between a recrystallization temperature of the non-
ferrous alloy and 60
F below the solidus or non-equilibrium melting temperature of the non-ferrous
alloy. In some
embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a temperature between a
recrystallization temperature of
the non-ferrous alloy and 50 F below the solidus or non-equilibrium melting
temperature of the
non-ferrous alloy. In some embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a
temperature between a
recrystallization temperature of the non-ferrous alloy and 40 F below the
solidus or non-
equilibrium melting temperature of the non-ferrous alloy. In some embodiments,
the feedstock
is heated to a temperature between a recrystallization temperature of the non-
ferrous alloy and 30
F below the solidus or non-equilibrium melting temperature of the non-ferrous
alloy. In some
embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a temperature between a
recrystallization temperature of
the non-ferrous alloy and 20 F below the solidus or non-equilibrium melting
temperature of the
non-ferrous alloy. In some embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a
temperature between a
recrystallization temperature of the non-ferrous alloy and 10 F below the
solidus or non-
equilibrium melting temperature of the non-ferrous alloy. In some embodiments,
the feedstock
is heated to a temperature between a recrystallization temperature of the non-
ferrous alloy and 5
F below the solidus or non-equilibrium melting temperature of the non-ferrous
alloy. In some
12
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a temperature between a
recrystallization temperature of
the non-ferrous alloy and the solidus or non-equilibrium melting temperature
of the non-ferrous
alloy.
[00047] In some
embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a temperature between a
recrystallization temperature of the non-ferrous alloy and 100 F below the
solidus or non-
equilibrium melting temperature of the non-ferrous alloy. In some embodiments,
the feedstock
is heated to a temperature between a recrystallization temperature of the non-
ferrous alloy and
110 F below the solidus or non-equilibrium melting temperature of the non-
ferrous alloy. In
some embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a temperature between a
recrystallization
temperature of the non-ferrous alloy and 120 F below the solidus or non-
equilibrium melting
temperature of the non-ferrous alloy. In some embodiments, the feedstock is
heated to a
temperature between a recrystallization temperature of the non-ferrous alloy
and 130 F below
the solidus or non-equilibrium melting temperature of the non-ferrous alloy.
In some
embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a temperature between a
recrystallization temperature of
the non-ferrous alloy and 140 F below the solidus or non-equilibrium melting
temperature of
the non-ferrous alloy. In some embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a
temperature between a
recrystallization temperature of the non-ferrous alloy and 160 F below the
solidus or non-
equilibrium melting temperature of the non-ferrous alloy. In some embodiments,
the feedstock is
heated to a temperature between a recrystallization temperature of the non-
ferrous alloy and 180
F below the solidus or non-equilibrium melting temperature of the non-ferrous
alloy. In some
embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a temperature between a
recrystallization temperature of
the non-ferrous alloy and 200 F below the solidus or non-equilibrium melting
temperature of
the non-ferrous alloy.
13
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
[00048] In some embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a temperature
between a
recrystallization temperature of the non-ferrous alloy and 30 to 200 F below
the solidus or non-
equilibrium melting temperature of the non-ferrous alloy. In some embodiments,
the feedstock
is heated to a temperature between a recrystallization temperature of the non-
ferrous alloy and 50
to 200 F below the solidus or non-equilibrium melting temperature of the non-
ferrous alloy. In
some embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a temperature between a
recrystallization
temperature of the non-ferrous alloy and 70 to 200 F below the solidus or non-
equilibrium
melting temperature of the non-ferrous alloy. In some embodiments, the
feedstock is heated to a
temperature between a recrystallization temperature of the non-ferrous alloy
and 100 to 200 F
below the solidus or non-equilibrium melting temperature of the non-ferrous
alloy. In some
embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a temperature between a
recrystallization temperature of
the non-ferrous alloy and 130 to 200 F below the solidus or non-equilibrium
melting
temperature of the non-ferrous alloy. In some embodiments, the feedstock is
heated to a
temperature between a recrystallization temperature of the non-ferrous alloy
and 170 to 200 F
below the solidus or non-equilibrium melting temperature of the non-ferrous
alloy.
[00049] In some embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a temperature
between a
recrystallization temperature of the non-ferrous alloy and 40 to 200 F below
the solidus or non-
equilibrium melting temperature of the non-ferrous alloy. In some embodiments,
the feedstock
is heated to a temperature between a recrystallization temperature of the non-
ferrous alloy and 40
to 180 F below the solidus or non-equilibrium melting temperature of the non-
ferrous alloy. In
some embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a temperature between a
recrystallization
temperature of the non-ferrous alloy and 40 to 160 F below the solidus or non-
equilibrium
melting temperature of the non-ferrous alloy. In some embodiments, the
feedstock is heated to a
14
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
temperature between a recrystallization temperature of the non-ferrous alloy
and 40 to 140 F
below the solidus or non-equilibrium melting temperature of the non-ferrous
alloy. In some
embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a temperature between a
recrystallization temperature of
the non-ferrous alloy and 40 to 120 F below the solidus or non-equilibrium
melting temperature
of the non-ferrous alloy. In some embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a
temperature between
a recrystallization temperature of the non-ferrous alloy and 40 to 100 F
below the solidus or
non-equilibrium melting temperature of the non-ferrous alloy. In some
embodiments, the
feedstock is heated to a temperature between a recrystallization temperature
of the non-ferrous
alloy and 40 to 80 F below the solidus or non-equilibrium melting temperature
of the non-
ferrous alloy.
[00050] In some
embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a temperature of 1 F above the
recrystallization temperature. In some embodiments, the feedstock is heated to
a temperature of
F above the recrystallization temperature. In some embodiments, the feedstock
is heated to a
temperature of 20 F above the recrystallization temperature. In some
embodiments, the
feedstock is heated to a temperature of 30 F above the recrystallization
temperature. In some
embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a temperature of 50 F above the
recrystallization
temperature. In some embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a temperature of
75 F above the
recrystallization temperature. In some embodiments, the feedstock is heated to
a temperature of
100 F above the recrystallization temperature. In some embodiments, the
feedstock is heated to
a temperature of 125 F above the recrystallization temperature. In some
embodiments, the
feedstock is heated to a temperature of 150 F above the recrystallization
temperature. hi some
embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a temperature of 200 F above the
recrystallization
temperature. In some embodiments, the feedstock is heated to a temperature of
250 F above the
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
recrystallization temperature. In some embodiments, the feedstock is heated to
a temperature of
300 F above the recrystallization temperature. In some embodiments, the
feedstock is heated to
a temperature of 350 F above the recrystallization temperature. In some
embodiments, the
feedstock is heated to a temperature of 400 F above the recrystallization
temperature.
[00051] In some embodiments, the feedstock is an aluminum alloy heated to
a temperature
between 600 and 1100 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is an aluminum
alloy heated to a
temperature of between 600 and 1050 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is
an aluminum
alloy heated to a temperature of between 600 and 1000 'F. In some embodiments,
the feedstock
is an aluminum alloy heated to a temperature of between 600 and 950 F. In
some embodiments,
the feedstock is an aluminum alloy heated to a temperature of between 600 and
900 F. In some
embodiments, the feedstock is an aluminum alloy heated to a temperature of
between 600 to 850
F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is an aluminum alloy heated to a
temperature of
between 600 to 800 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is an aluminum alloy
heated to a
temperature of between 600 to 750 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is an
aluminum
alloy heated to a temperature of between 600 to 700 F. In some embodiments,
the feedstock is
an aluminum alloy heated to a temperature of between 600 to 650 F.
[00052] In some embodiments, the feedstock is an aluminum alloy heated to
a temperature
of between 650 and 1100 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is an aluminum
alloy heated
to a temperature of between 700 and 1100 F. In some embodiments, the
feedstock is an
aluminum alloy heated to a temperature of between 750 and 1100 F. In some
embodiments, the
feedstock is an aluminum alloy heated to a temperature of between 800 and 1100
F. In some
embodiments, the feedstock is an aluminum alloy heated to a temperature of
between 850 and
1100 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is an aluminum alloy heated to a
temperature of
16
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
between 900 and 1100 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is an aluminum
alloy heated to a
temperature of between 950 and 1100 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is
an aluminum
alloy heated to a temperature of between 1000 and 1100 F. In some
embodiments, the
feedstock is an aluminum alloy heated to a temperature of between 1050 and
1100 F.
[00053] In some embodiments, the feedstock is a copper alloy heated to a
temperature
between 700 and 1700 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a copper alloy
heated to a
temperature of between 700 and 1650 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is
a copper alloy
heated to a temperature of between 700 and 1600 F. In some embodiments, the
feedstock is a
copper alloy heated to a temperature of between 700 and 1500 F. In some
embodiments, the
feedstock is a copper alloy heated to a temperature of between 700 and 1400
F. In some
embodiments, the feedstock is a copper alloy heated to a temperature of
between 700 to 1300 F.
In some embodiments, the feedstock is a copper alloy heated to a temperature
of between 700 to
1200 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a copper alloy heated to a
temperature of
between 700 to 1100 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a copper alloy
heated to a
temperature of between 700 to 1000 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a
copper alloy
heated to a temperature of between 700 to 900 F. In some embodiments, the
feedstock is a
copper alloy heated to a temperature of between 700 to 800 F.
[00054] In some embodiments, the feedstock is a copper alloy heated to a
temperature of
between 650 and 1700 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a copper alloy
heated to a
temperature of between 700 and 1700 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is
a copper alloy
heated to a temperature of between 800 and 1700 F. In some embodiments, the
feedstock is a
copper alloy heated to a temperature of between 900 and 1700 F. In some
embodiments, the
feedstock is a copper alloy heated to a temperature of between 1000 and 1700
F. In some
17
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
embodiments, the feedstock is a copper alloy heated to a temperature of
between 1100 and 1700
F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a copper alloy heated to a
temperature of between
1200 and 1700 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a copper alloy heated
to a temperature
of between 1300 and 1700 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a copper
alloy heated to a
temperature of between 1400 and 1700 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is
a copper
alloy heated to a temperature of between 1500 and 1700 F. In some
embodiments, the
feedstock is a copper alloy heated to a temperature of between 1600 and 1700
F.
[00055] In some embodiments, the feedstock is a magnesium alloy heated to
a temperature
between 550 and 930 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a magnesium
alloy heated to a
temperature of between 550 and 900 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a
magnesium
alloy heated to a temperature of between 550 and 850 F. In some embodiments,
the feedstock is
a magnesium alloy heated to a temperature of between 550 and 800 F. In some
embodiments,
the feedstock is a magnesium alloy heated to a temperature of between 550 and
750 F. In some
embodiments, the feedstock is a magnesium alloy heated to a temperature of
between 550 to 700
F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a magnesium alloy heated to a
temperature of
between 550 to 650 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a magnesium alloy
heated to a
temperature of between 550 to 600 F.
[00056] In some embodiments, the feedstock is a magnesium alloy heated to
a temperature
of between 600 and 930 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a magnesium
alloy heated
to a temperature of between 650 and 930 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock
is a
magnesium alloy heated to a temperature of between 700 and 930 F. In some
embodiments, the
feedstock is a magnesium alloy heated to a temperature of between 750 and 930
F. In some
embodiments, the feedstock is a magnesium alloy heated to a temperature of
between 800 and
18
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
930 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a magnesium alloy heated to a
temperature of
between 850 and 930 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a magnesium
alloy heated to a
temperature of between 900 and 930 F.
[00057] In some embodiments, the feedstock is a nickel alloy heated to a
temperature
between 1400 and 2260 F. in some embodiments, the feedstock is a nickel alloy
heated to a
temperature of between 1400 and 2200 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is
a nickel
alloy heated to a temperature of between 1400 and 2100 F. In some
embodiments, the
feedstock is a nickel alloy heated to a temperature of between 1400 and 2000
F. In some
embodiments, the feedstock is a nickel alloy heated to a temperature of
between 1400 and 1900
'F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a nickel alloy heated to a
temperature of between
1400 to 1800 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a nickel alloy heated to
a temperature
of between 1400 to 1700 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a nickel
alloy heated to a
temperature of between 1400 to 1600 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is
a nickel alloy
heated to a temperature of between 1400 to 1500 F.
[00058] In some embodiments, the feedstock is a nickel alloy heated to a
temperature of
between 1450 and 2260 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a nickel alloy
heated to a
temperature of between 1500 and 2260 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is
a nickel alloy
heated to a temperature of between 1600 and 2260 F. In some embodiments, the
feedstock is a
nickel alloy heated to a temperature of between 1700 and 2260 F. In some
embodiments, the
feedstock is a nickel alloy heated to a temperature of between 1800 and 2260
F. In some
embodiments, the feedstock is a nickel alloy heated to a temperature of
between 1900 and 2260
F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a nickel alloy heated to a
temperature of between
19
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
2000 and 2260 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a nickel alloy heated
to a temperature
of between 2100 and 2260 F.
[00059] In some embodiments, the feedstock is a titanium alloy heated to a
temperature
between 1200 and 1850 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a titanium
alloy heated to a
temperature of between 1200 and 1800 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is
a titanium
alloy heated to a temperature of between 1200 and 1700 F. In some
embodiments, the
feedstock is a titanium alloy heated to a temperature of between 1200 and 1600
F. In some
embodiments, the feedstock is a titanium alloy heated to a temperature of
between 1200 and
1500 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a titanium alloy heated to a
temperature of
between 1200 to 1400 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a titanium
alloy heated to a
temperature of between 1200 to 1300 F.
[00060] In some embodiments, the feedstock is a titanium alloy heated to a
temperature of
between 1250 and 1800 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a titanium
alloy heated to a
temperature of between 1300 and 1800 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is
a titanium
alloy heated to a temperature of between 1400 and 1800 F. In some
embodiments, the
feedstock is a titanium alloy heated to a temperature of between 1500 and 1800
F. In some
embodiments, the feedstock is a titanium alloy heated to a temperature of
between 1600 and
1800 F. In some embodiments, the feedstock is a titanium alloy heated to a
temperature of
between 1700 and 1800 F.
[00061] In some embodiments, the heated strip has a temper of T, 0, or W.
In some
embodiments, the heated strip has a temper of T4 or T4X. In some embodiments,
the heated
strip is allowed to reach T4 or T4X temper at room temperature.
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
[00062] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is selected from the
group consisting
of lxxx, 2xxx, 3xxx, 4xxx, 5xxx, 6xxx, 7xxx, and 8xxx series aluminum alloys.
In some
embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a lxxx series aluminum alloy. In some
embodiments, the
non-ferrous alloy is a 2xxx series aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the
non-ferrous alloy
is a 3xxx series aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is
a 4xxx series
aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a 5xxx series
aluminum alloy.
In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a 6xxx series aluminum alloy. In
some
embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a 7xxx series aluminum alloy. In some
embodiments, the
non-ferrous alloy is an 8xxx series aluminum alloy.
[00063] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is selected from the
non-heat
treatable alloys selected from the group consisting of lxxx, 3xxx, and 5xxx
series aluminum
alloys. In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is selected from the heat
treatable alloys
selected from the group consisting of 2xxx, 6xxx, and 7xxx series aluminum
alloys. In some
embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is selected from the group consisting of
4xxx and 8xxx
series aluminum alloys. In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is selected
from the alloys
selected from the group consisting of 2xxx, 3xxx, 5xxx, 6xxx, and 7xxx series
aluminum alloys.
[00064] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is selected from the
group consisting
of lxxx, 2xxx, and 3xxx series aluminum alloys. In some embodiments, the non-
ferrous alloy is
selected from the group consisting of 2xxx, 3xxx, and 4xxx series aluminum
alloys. In some
embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is selected from the group consisting of
3xxx, 4xxx and 5xxx
series aluminum alloys. In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is selected
from the group
consisting of 4xxx, 5xxx, and 6xxx series aluminum alloys. In some
embodiments, the non-
ferrous alloy is selected from the group consisting of 5xxx, 6xxx, and 7xxx
series aluminum
21
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
alloys. In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is selected from the group
consisting of
6xxx, 7xxx, and 8xxx series aluminum alloys.
[00065] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a 2xxx series
aluminum alloy
selected from the group consisting of AA2x24 (AA2024, AA2026, AA2524), AA2014,
AA2029,
AA2055, AA2060, AA2070, and AA2x99 (AA2099, AA2199).
[00066] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a 3xxx series
aluminum alloy
selected from the group consisting of AA3004, AA3104, AA3204, AA3304, AA3005,
and
AA3105.
[00067] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a 5xxx series
aluminum alloy
selected from the group consisting of AA5182, AA5754, and AA5042.
[00068] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a 6xxx series
aluminum alloy
selected from the group consisting of AA6022, AA6111, AA6061, AA6013, AA6063,
and
AA6055.
[00069] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a 7xxx series
aluminum alloy
selected from the group consisting of AA7x75 (AA7075, AA7175, AA7475), AA7010,
AA7050,
AA7150, AA7055, AA7255, AA7065, and AA7085.
[00070] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy excludes aluminum
alloys having all
of the following: 0.4 weight percent silicon; less than 0.2 weight percent
iron, 0.35 to 0.40
weight percent copper, 0.9 weight percent manganese, and I weight percent
magnesium.
[00071] In some embodiments, the method includes heating the feedstock to
a first
temperature for a first time, Ti, to achieve a product having a first temper.
In some
embodiments, the feedstock is an aluminum alloy and the first temperature
ranges from 600
degrees F to 1100 degrees F and 11 ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some
embodiments, the
22
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
first temperature ranges from 600 degrees F to 1100 degrees F and Ti ranges
from 0.5 to 50
seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 600 degrees F
to 1100 degrees
F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 45 seconds. In some embodiments, the first
temperature ranges from
600 degrees F to 1100 degrees F and T1 ranges from 0.5 to 35 seconds. In some
embodiments,
the first temperature ranges from 600 degrees F to 1100 degrees F and Ti
ranges from 0.5 to 30
seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 600 degrees F
to 1100 degrees
F and TI ranges fiom 0.5 to 20 seconds. In some embodiments, the first
temperature ranges from
600 degrees F to 1100 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 25 seconds. In some
embodiments,
the first temperature ranges from 600 degrees F to 1100 degrees F and Ti
ranges from 0.5 to 20
seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 600 degrees F
to 1100 degrees
F and T1 ranges from 0.5 to 15 seconds. In some embodiments, the first
temperature ranges from
600 degrees F to 1100 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 10 seconds. In some
embodiments,
the first temperature ranges from 600 degrees F to 1100 degrees F and Ti
ranges from 0.5 to 5
seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 600 degrees F
to 1100 degrees
F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 3 seconds. In some embodiments, the first
temperature ranges from
600 degrees F to 1100 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 2 seconds. In some
embodiments,
the first temperature ranges from 600 degrees F to 1100 degrees F and Ti
ranges from 0.5 to 1
second.
[00072] In some
embodiments, the feedstock is an aluminum alloy and the first
temperature ranges from 650 degrees F to 1100 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5
to 55 seconds.
In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 700 degrees F to 1100
degrees F and Ti
ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature
ranges from 750
degrees F to 1100 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some
embodiments, the
23
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
first temperature ranges from 800 degrees F to 1100 degrees F and Ti ranges
from 0.5 to 55
seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 850 degrees F
to 1100 degrees
F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first
temperature ranges from
600 degrees F to 900 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some
embodiments, the
first temperature ranges from 950 degrees F to 1100 degrees F and Ti ranges
from 0.5 to 55
seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1000 degrees F
to 1100
degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first
temperature
ranges from 1050 degrees F to 1100 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55
seconds.
[00073] In some embodiments, the feedstock is an aluminum alloy and the
first
temperature ranges from 600 degrees F to 1050 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5
to 55 seconds.
In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 600 degrees F to 1000
degrees F and Ti
ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature
ranges from 600
degrees F to 950 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some
embodiments, the first
temperature ranges from 600 degrees F to 900 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5
to 55 seconds.
In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 600 degrees F to 850
degrees F and Ti
ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature
ranges from 600
degrees F to 800 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some
embodiments, the first
temperature ranges from 600 degrees F to 750 degrees F and TI ranges from 0.5
to 55 seconds.
In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 600 degrees F to 700
degrees F and TI
ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature
ranges from 600
degrees F to 650 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds.
[00074] In some embodiments, the feedstock is a copper alloy and the first
temperature
ranges from 700 degrees F to 1700 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55
seconds. In some
24
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 700 degrees F to 1700 degrees F
and T1 ranges
from 0.5 to 50 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from
700 degrees F
to 1700 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 45 seconds. In some embodiments,
the first
temperature ranges from 700 degrees F to 1700 degrees F and TI ranges from 0.5
to 35 seconds.
In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 700 degrees F to 1700
degrees F and T1
ranges from 0.5 to 30 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature
ranges from 700
degrees F to 1700 degrees F and T1 ranges from 0.5 to 20 seconds. In some
embodiments, the
first temperature ranges from 700 degrees F to 1700 degrees F and Ti ranges
from 0.5 to 25
seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 700 degrees F
to 1700 degrees
F and T1 ranges from 0.5 to 20 seconds. In some embodiments, the first
temperature ranges from
700 degrees F to 1700 degrees F and TI ranges from 0.5 to 15 seconds. In some
embodiments,
the first temperature ranges from 700 degrees F to 1700 degrees F and Ti
ranges from 0.5 to 10
seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 700 degrees F
to 1700 degrees
F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 5 seconds. In some embodiments, the first
temperature ranges from
700 degrees F to 1700 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 3 seconds. In some
embodiments, the
first temperature ranges from 700 degrees F to 1700 degrees F and Ti ranges
from 0.5 to 2
seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 700 degrees F
to 1700 degrees
F and TI ranges from 0.5 to 1 second.
[00075] in some
embodiments, the feedstock is a copper alloy and the first temperature
ranges from 750 degrees F to 1700 degrees F and T1 ranges from 0.5 to 55
seconds. in some
embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 800 degrees F to 1700 degrees F
and T1 ranges
from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from
850 degrees F
to 1700 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments,
the first
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
temperature ranges from 900 degrees F to 1700 degrees F and T1 ranges from 0.5
to 55 seconds.
In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 950 degrees F to 1700
degrees F and Ti
ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature
ranges from 1000
degrees F to 1700 degrees F and T1 ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some
embodiments, the
first temperature ranges from 1100 degrees F to 1700 degrees F and T1 ranges
from 0.5 to 55
seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1200 degrees F
to 1700
degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first
temperature
ranges from 1300 degrees F to 1700 degrees F and T1 ranges from 0.5 to 55
seconds. In some
embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1400 degrees F to 1700 degrees
F and Ti ranges
from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from
1500 degrees F
to 1700 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments,
the first
temperature ranges from 1600 degrees F to 1700 degrees F and Ti ranges from
0.5 to 55
seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 900 degrees F
to 1500 degrees
F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first
temperature ranges
from 1000 degrees F to 1300 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In
some
embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 900 degrees F to 1200 degrees F
and T1 ranges
from 0.5 to 55 seconds.
[00076] In some
embodiments, the feedstock is a copper alloy and the first temperature
ranges from 700 degrees F to 1600 degrees F and T1 ranges from 0.5 to 55
seconds. In some
embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 700 degrees F to 1500 degrees F
and TI ranges
from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from
700 degrees F
to 1400 degrees F and T1 ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments,
the first
temperature ranges from 700 degrees F to 1300 degrees F and T1 ranges from 0.5
to 55 seconds.
26
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 700 degrees F to 1200
degrees F and Ti
ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature
ranges from 700
degrees F to 1100 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some
embodiments, the
first temperature ranges from 700 degrees F to 1000 degrees F and Ti ranges
from 0.5 to 55
seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 700 degrees F
to 900 degrees F
and T1 ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds.
[00077] In some
embodiments, the feedstock is a magnesium alloy and the first
temperature ranges from 550 degrees F to 930 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5
to 55 seconds.
In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 550 degrees F to 930
degrees F and Ti
ranges from 0.5 to 50 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature
ranges from 550
degrees F to 930 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 45 seconds. In some
embodiments, the first
temperature ranges from 550 degrees F to 930 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5
to 35 seconds.
In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 550 degrees F to 930
degrees F and Ti
ranges from 0.5 to 30 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature
ranges from 550
degrees F to 930 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 20 seconds. In some
embodiments, the first
temperature ranges from 550 degrees F to 930 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5
to 25 seconds.
In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 550 degrees F to 930
degrees F and T1
ranges from 0.5 to 20 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature
ranges from 550
degrees F to 930 degrees F and TI ranges from 0.5 to 15 seconds. In some
embodiments, the first
temperature ranges from 550 degrees F to 930 degrees F and T1 ranges from 0.5
to 10 seconds.
In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 550 degrees F to 930
degrees F and Ti
ranges from 0.5 to 5 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature
ranges from 550
degrees F to 930 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 3 seconds. In some
embodiments, the first
27
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
temperature ranges from 550 degrees F to 930 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5
to 2 seconds. In
some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 550 degrees F to 930
degrees F and Ti
ranges from 0.5 to 1 second.
[00078] In some embodiments, the feedstock is a magnesium alloy and the
first
temperature ranges from 600 degrees F to 930 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5
to 55 seconds.
In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 650 degrees F to 930
degrees F and Ti
ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature
ranges from 700
degrees F to 930 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some
embodiments, the first
temperature ranges from 750 degrees F to 930 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5
to 55 seconds.
In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 800 degrees F to 930
degrees F and Ti
ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature
ranges from 850
degrees F to 930 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some
embodiments, the first
temperature ranges from 900 degrees F to 930 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5
to 55 seconds.
[00079] In some embodiments, the feedstock is a magnesium alloy and the
first
temperature ranges from 550 degrees F to 900 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5
to 55 seconds.
In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 550 degrees F to 850
degrees F and T1
ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature
ranges from 550
degrees F to 800 degrees F and T1 ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some
embodiments, the first
temperature ranges from 550 degrees F to 750 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5
to 55 seconds.
In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 550 degrees F to 700
degrees F and Ti
ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature
ranges from 550
degrees F to 650 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some
embodiments, the first
temperature ranges from 550 degrees F to 600 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5
to 55 seconds.
28
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 650 degrees F to 900
degrees F and Ti
ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature
ranges from 700
degrees F to 800 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds.
[00080] In some
embodiments, the feedstock is a nickel alloy and the first temperature
ranges from 1400 degrees F to 2260 degrees F and T1 ranges from 0.5 to 55
seconds. In some
embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1400 degrees F to 2260 degrees
F and T1 ranges
from 0.5 to 50 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from
1400 degrees F
to 2260 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 45 seconds. In some embodiments,
the first
temperature ranges from 1400 degrees F to 2260 degrees F and Ti ranges from
0.5 to 35
seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1400 degrees F
to 2260
degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 30 seconds. In some embodiments, the first
temperature
ranges from 1400 degrees F to 2260 degrees F and T1 ranges from 0.5 to 20
seconds. In some
embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1400 degrees F to 2260 degrees
F and T1 ranges
from 0.5 to 25 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from
1400 degrees F
to 2260 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 20 seconds. In some embodiments,
the first
temperature ranges from 1400 degrees F to 2260 degrees F and T1 ranges from
0.5 to 15
seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1400 degrees F
to 2260
degrees F and T1 ranges from 0.5 to 10 seconds. In some embodiments, the first
temperature
ranges from 1400 degrees F to 2260 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 5
seconds. In some
embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1400 degrees F to 2260 degrees
F and T1 ranges
from 0.5 to 3 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from
1400 degrees F
to 2260 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 2 seconds. In some embodiments,
the first
temperature ranges from 1400 degrees F to 2260 degrees F and Ti ranges from
0.5 to 1 second.
29
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
[00081] In some embodiments, the feedstock is a nickel alloy and the first
temperature
ranges from 1500 degrees F to 2260 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55
seconds. In some
embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1600 degrees F to 2260 degrees
F and Ti ranges
from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from
1700 degrees F
to 2260 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments,
the first
temperature ranges from 1800 degrees F to 2260 degrees F and Ti ranges from
0.5 to 55
seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1900 degrees F
to 2260
degrees F and TI ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first
temperature
ranges from 2000 degrees F to 2260 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55
seconds. In some
embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 2100 degrees F to 2260 degrees
F and Ti ranges
from 0.5 to 55 seconds.
[00082] In some embodiments, the feedstock is a nickel alloy and the first
temperature
ranges from 1400 degrees F to 2100 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55
seconds. In some
embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1400 degrees F to 2000 degrees
F and T1 ranges
from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from
1400 degrees F
to 1900 degrees F and T1 ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments,
the first
temperature ranges from 1400 degrees F to 1800 degrees F and Ti ranges from
0.5 to 55
seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1400 degrees F
to 1700
degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first
temperature
ranges from 1400 degrees F to 1600 degrees F and T1 ranges from 0.5 to 55
seconds. In some
embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1400 degrees F to 1500 degrees
F and Ti ranges
from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from
1500 degrees F
to 2100 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments,
the first
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
temperature ranges from 1600 degrees F to 2000 degrees F and T1 ranges from
0.5 to 55
seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1700 degrees F
to 1900
degrees F and T1 ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds.
[00083] In some
embodiments, the feedstock is a titanium alloy and the first temperature
ranges from 1200 degrees F to 1850 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55
seconds. In some
embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1200 degrees F to 1850 degrees
F and T1 ranges
from 0.5 to 50 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from
1200 degrees F
to 1850 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 45 seconds. In some embodiments,
the first
temperature ranges from 1200 degrees F to 1850 degrees F and T1 ranges from
0.5 to 35
seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1200 degrees F
to 1850
degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 30 seconds. In some embodiments, the first
temperature
ranges from 1200 degrees F to 1850 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 20
seconds. In some
embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1200 degrees F to 1850 degrees
F and T1 ranges
from 0.5 to 25 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from
1200 degrees F
to 1850 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 20 seconds. In some embodiments,
the first
temperature ranges from 1200 degrees F to 1850 degrees F and TI ranges from
0.5 to 15
seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1200 degrees F
to 1850
degrees F and T1 ranges from 0.5 to 10 seconds. In some embodiments, the first
temperature
ranges from 1200 degrees F to 1850 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 5
seconds. In some
embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1200 degrees F to 1850 degrees
F and T1 ranges
from 0.5 to 3 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from
1200 degrees F
to 1850 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 2 seconds. In some embodiments,
the first
temperature ranges from 1200 degrees F to 1850 degrees F and Ti ranges from
0.5 to 1 second.
31
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
[00084] In some embodiments, the feedstock is a titanium alloy and the
first temperature
ranges from 1300 degrees F to 1850 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55
seconds. In some
embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1400 degrees F to 1850 degrees
F and Ti ranges
from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from
1500 degrees F
to 1850 degrees F and TI ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments,
the first
temperature ranges from 1600 degrees F to 1850 degrees F and T1 ranges from
0.5 to 55
seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1700 degrees F
to 1850
degrees F and T1 ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first
temperature
ranges from 1800 degrees F to 1850 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55
seconds.
[00085] In some embodiments, the feedstock is a titanium alloy and the
first temperature
ranges from 1200 degrees F to 1800 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55
seconds. In some
embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1200 degrees F to 1700 degrees
F and Ti ranges
from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from
1200 degrees F
to 1600 degrees F and T1 ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments,
the first
temperature ranges from 1200 degrees F to 1500 degrees F and Ti ranges from
0.5 to 55
seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1200 degrees F
to 1400
degrees F and T1 ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first
temperature
ranges from 1200 degrees F to 1300 degrees F and TI ranges from 0.5 to 55
seconds. In some
embodiments, the first temperature ranges from 1300 degrees F to 1800 degrees
F and Ti ranges
from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments, the first temperature ranges from
1400 degrees F
to 1700 degrees F and Ti ranges from 0.5 to 55 seconds. In some embodiments,
the first
temperature ranges from 1500 degrees F to 1600 degrees F and TI ranges from
0.5 to 55
seconds.
32
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
[00086] In some embodiments, the heated strip has a temper of T, 0, or W.
In some
embodiments, the heated strip has a temper of T4 or T4X. In some embodiments,
the heated
strip is allowed to reach T4 or T4X temper at room temperature.
[00087] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is selected from the
group consisting
of lxxx, 2xxx, 3xxx, 4xxx, 5xxx, 6xxx, 7xxx, and 8xxx series aluminum alloys.
In some
embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a lxxx series aluminum alloy. In some
embodiments, the
non-ferrous alloy is a 2xxx series aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the
non-ferrous alloy
is a 3xxx series aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is
a 4xxx series
aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a 5xxx series
aluminum alloy.
In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a 6xxx series aluminum alloy. In
some
embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a 7xxx series aluminum alloy. In some
embodiments, the
non-ferrous alloy is an 8xxx series aluminum alloy.
[00088] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is selected from the
non-heat
treatable alloys selected from the group consisting of lxxx, 3xxx, and 5xxx
series aluminum
alloys. In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is selected from the heat
treatable alloys
selected from the group consisting of 2xxx, 6xxx, and 7xxx series aluminum
alloys. In some
embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is selected from the group consisting of
4xxx and 8xxx
series aluminum alloys. In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is selected
from the alloys
selected from the group consisting of 2xxx, 3xxx, 5xxx, 6xxx, and 7xxx series
aluminum alloys.
[00089] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is selected from the
group consisting
of lxxx, 2xxx, and 3xxx series aluminum alloys. In some embodiments, the non-
ferrous alloy is
selected from the group consisting of 2xxx, 3xxx, and 4xxx series aluminum
alloys. In some
embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is selected from the group consisting of
3xxx, 4xxx and 5xxx
33
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
series aluminum alloys. In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is selected
from the group
consisting of 4xxx, 5xxx, and 6xxx series aluminum alloys. In some
embodiments, the non-
ferrous alloy is selected from the group consisting of 5xxx, 6xxx, and 7xxx
series aluminum
alloys. In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is selected from the group
consisting of
6xxx, 7xxx, and 8xxx series aluminum alloys.
[00090] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a 2xxx series
aluminum alloy
selected from the group consisting of AA2x24 (AA2024, AA2026, AA2524), AA2014,
AA2029,
AA2055, AA2060, AA2070, and AA2x99 (AA2099, AA2199).
[00091] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a 3xxx series
aluminum alloy
selected from the group consisting of AA3004, AA3104, AA3204, AA3304, AA3005,
and
AA3105.
[00092] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a 5xxx series
aluminum alloy
selected from the group consisting of AA5182, AA5754, and AA5042.
[00093] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a 6xxx series
aluminum alloy
selected from the group consisting of AA6022, AA6111, AA6061, AA6013, AA6063,
and
AA6055.
[00094] In some embodiments, the non-ferrous alloy is a 7xxx series
aluminum alloy
selected from the group consisting of AA7x75 (AA7075, AA7175, AA7475), AA7010,
AA7050,
AA7150, AA7055, AA7255, AA7065, and AA7085.
[00095] In some embodiments, FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the
method of the
present invention. In some embodiments, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one
embodiment of
the apparatus used to carrying out the method of the present invention. In
some embodiments,
34
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the apparatus used in
carrying out the
method of the present invention.
[00096] In some embodiments, the method includes the process detailed in
FIG. 1. In
some embodiments, the feedstock 20 is formed from a continuously cast non-
ferrous alloy strip 1
that is subjected to one or more of the following processing steps detailed in
FIG. 1: passing
through one or more shear and trim stations 2, optional quenching for
temperature adjustment 4,
one or more hot rolling and/or cold rolling steps 6, trimming 8 and coiling 10
to form feedstock
20.
[00097] In some embodiments, the feedstock is subjected to one or more of
the following
steps: uncoiling 22 followed by either annealing 26, quenching 28 and/or
coiling 30 to produce 0
temper strips 32, or solution heat treatment 40, followed by suitable
quenching 42 and optional
coiling 44 to produce T temper strips 46. In some embodiments, the annealing
step 26 and/or the
solution heat treatment step 40 are conducted using the heating methods,
temperature ranges, and
heating durations detailed herein.
[00098] In some embodiments, an embodiment of an apparatus used to carry
out the
method of the present invention using induction heating is shown in FIG. 2. In
some
embodiments, the feedstock is processed in a horizontal heat treatment unit as
shown in FIG. 2.
In some embodiments, the method includes use of an uncoiler 202 to uncoil the
coiled feedstock.
In some embodiments, the uncoiled feedstock is then fed to a pinch roll 204,
shear 206, trimmer
208, and joiner 210. In some embodiments, the feedstock is then fed to a
bridle 212, a looper
214, and another bridle 216. In some embodiments, the resultant feedstock is
then fed one or
more induction heaters 218 configured for TFIH. In some embodiments, the
heated feedstock is
then subjected to a soak 220, a quench 222 and a dryer 224. In some
embodiments, the dried,
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
heated feedstock is then fed to a bridle 226, leveler 228, and another bridle
230. In some
embodiments, the feedstock is then fed to a lopper 232, a bridle 234, and then
subjected to a
shear 236, a trimmer 238, a pre-aging step 240 and then run through a coiler
242 to form a coiled
strip.
[00099] In some embodiments, the quench 222 may include, but is not
limited to, liquid
sprays, gas, gas followed by liquid, and/or liquid followed by gas. In some
embodiments, the
pre-aging step may include, but is not limited to, induction heating, infrared
heating, muffle
furnace or liquid sprays. In some embodiments, the pre-age unit is positioned
before the coiler
242. In some embodiments, artificial aging can be carried out either as a part
of subsequent
operations (such as paint bake cycle) or as a separate step in an oven.
[000100] In some embodiments, an embodiment of an apparatus used to carry
out the
method of the present invention using induction heating is shown in FIG. 3. In
some
embodiments, the apparatus or the method includes a stitcher 302, an inductor
304 configured for
TFIH, a soak furnace 306, a quench 308, air knives 310 and a tension leveling
line first bridle
312.
[000101] Prophetic Example 1
[000102] An aluminum alloy is processed by the method of the present
invention. The
aluminum alloy selected is a 6022 Alloy having the folloixing composition:
Element Percentage by weight
Si 0.8
Fe 0.1
Cu 0.1
Mn 0.1
Mg 0.7
Al Remainder
36
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
[000103] The alloy is cast to a thickness of 0.085 inch at 250 feet per
minute speed and is
processed by hot rolling in one step to a finish gauge of 0,035 inches and
then coiled. The coiled
product is then uncoiled and heated to a temperature of 850 F for 3 seconds
for solution heat
treatment after which it is quenched to 160 F. by means of water sprays and
is coiled. Samples
are then removed from the outermost wraps of the coil. One set of samples is
allowed to
stabilize at room temperature for 4-10 days to reach T4 temper. A second set
is subjected to a
special pre-aging treatment at 180 F for 8 hours before it is stabilized.
This special temper is
called 143.
[000104] Prophetic Example 2
[000105] A magnesium alloy is processed by the method of the present
invention. The
magnesium alloy selected is AZ91D having the following composition:
Element Percentage by weight
Al
Be 0.0005-0.0015
Cu (max.) 0.025
Fe (max.) 0.004
Mn 0.17-0.40
N (Max.) 0.00.
Si 0.08
Zn 0.45-0.9
Other Metals 0.01
Mg Remainder
[000106] The alloy is cast to a thickness of 0.085 inch at 250 feet per
minute speed and is
processed by hot rolling in one step to a finish gauge of 0.035 inches and
then coiled. The coiled
product is then uncoiled and heated to a temperature of 850 F for 3 seconds
for solution heat
treatment after which it is quenched to 160 F. by means of water sprays and
is coiled. Samples
are then removed from the outermost wraps of the coil. One set of samples is
allowed to stabilize
37
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
at room temperature for 4-10 days to reach T4 temper. A second set is
subjected to a special pre
aging treatment at 180 IF for 8 hours before it is stabilized. This special.
temper is called T43.
[000107] While a
number of embodiments of the present invention have been described, it
is understood that these embodiments are illustrative only, and not
restrictive, and that many
modifications may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Further still, the various
steps may be carried out in any desired order (and any desired steps may be
added and/or any
desired steps may be eliminated).
38
CA 2991618 2019-05-30
