Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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SUBSTITUTED QUINAZOLINE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE AS INHIBITORS OF
Gl2C MUTANT KRAS, HRAS AND/OR NRAS PROTEINS
BACKGROUND
Technical Field
The present invention is generally directed to novel compounds and
methods for their preparation and use as therapeutic or prophylactic agents,
for example
for treatment of cancer.
Description of the Related Art
RAS represents a group of closely related monomeric globular proteins
of 189 amino acids (21 kDa molecular mass) which are associated with the
plasma
membrane and which bind either GDP or GTP. RAS acts as a molecular switch.
When
RAS contains bound GDP, it is in the resting or off position and is
"inactive". In
response to exposure of the cell to certain growth promoting stimuli, RAS is
induced to
exchange its bound GDP for a GTP. With GTP bound, RAS is "switched on" and is
able to interact with and activate other proteins (its "downstream targets").
The RAS
protein itself has a very low intrinsic ability to hydrolyze GTP back to GDP,
thus
turning itself into the off state. Switching RAS off requires extrinsic
proteins termed
GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that interact with RAS and greatly
accelerate the
conversion of GTP to GDP. Any mutation in RAS which affects its ability to
interact
with GAP or to convert GTP back to GDP will result in a prolonged activation
of the
protein and consequently a prolonged signal to the cell telling it to continue
to grow and
divide. Because these signals result in cell growth and division, overactive
RAS
signaling may ultimately lead to cancer.
Structurally, RAS proteins contain a G domain which is responsible for
the enzymatic activity of RAS - the guanine nucleotide binding and the
hydrolysis
(GTPase reaction). It also contains a C-terminal extension, known as the CAAX
box,
which may be post-translationally modified and is responsible for targeting
the protein
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to the membrane. The G domain is approximately 21-25 kDa in size and it
contains a
phosphate binding loop (P-loop). The P-loop represents the pocket where the
nucleotides are bound in the protein, and this is the rigid part of the domain
with
conserved amino acid residues which are essential for nucleotide binding and
hydrolysis (Glycine 12, Threonine 26 and Lysine 16). The G domain also
contains the
so called Switch I (residues 30-40) and Switch II (residues 60-76) regions,
both of
which are the dynamic parts of the protein which are often represented as the
"spring-
loaded" mechanism because of their ability to switch between the resting and
loaded
state. The key interaction is the hydrogen bonds formed by Threonine-35 and
glycine-
60 with the y-phosphate of GTP which maintain Switch 1 and Switch 2 regions
respectively in their active conformation. After hydrolysis of GTP and release
of
phosphate, these two relax into the inactive GDP conformation.
The most notable members of the RAS subfamily are HRAS, KRAS and
NRAS, mainly for being implicated in many types of cancer. However, there are
many
other members including DIRAS1; DIRAS2; DIRAS3; ERAS; GEM; MRAS;
NKIRAS1; NKIRAS2; NRAS; RALA; RALB; RAP1A; RAP1B; RAP2A; RAP2B;
RAP2C; RASD1; RASD2; RASL10A; RASL10B; RASL11A; RASL11B; RASL12;
REM1; REM2; RERG; RERGL; RRAD; RRAS and RRAS2.
Mutations in any one of the three main isoforms of RAS (HRAS, NRAS,
or KRAS) genes are among the most common events in human tumorigenesis. About
30% of all human tumors are found to carry some mutation in RAS genes.
Remarkably, KRAS mutations are detected in 25-30% of tumors. By comparison,
the
rates of oncogenic mutation occurring in the NRAS and HRAS family members are
much lower (8% and 3% respectively). The most common KRAS mutations are found
at residue G12 and G13 in the P-loop and at residue Q61.
G12C is a frequent mutation of KRAS gene (glycine-12 to cysteine).
This mutation had been found in about 13% of cancer occurrences, about 43% of
lung
cancer occurrences, and in almost 100% of MYH-associates polyposis (familial
colon
cancer syndrome). However targeting this gene with small molecules is a
challenge.
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Accordingly, while progress has been made in this field, there remains a
need in the art for improved compounds and methods for treatment of cancer,
for
example by inhibition of KRAS, HRAS or NRAS. The present invention fulfills
this
need and provides further related advantages.
BRIEF SUMMARY
In brief, the present invention provides compounds, including
stereoisomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, tautomers and prodrugs
thereof,
which are capable of modulating G12C mutant KRAS, HRAS and/or NRAS proteins.
In some instances, the compounds act as electrophiles which are capable of
forming a
covalent bond with the cysteine residue at position 12 of a KRAS, HRAS or NRAS
G12C mutant protein. Methods for use of such compounds for treatment of
various
diseases or conditions, such as cancer, are also provided.
In one embodiment, compounds having the following structure (I) are
provided:
R2c
R2b
\LI
R2a Ri N R
(I)
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer or prodrug thereof,
wherein R,
R2a, R2b, R2c, A, B,
L and E are as defined herein. Pharmaceutical compositions
comprising one or more compounds of structure (I) and a pharmaceutically
acceptable
carrier are also provided in various other embodiments.
In other embodiments, the present invention provides a method for
treatment of cancer, the method comprising administering an effective amount
of a
pharmaceutical composition comprising any one or more of the compounds of
structure
(I) to a subject in need thereof
Other provided methods include a method for regulating activity of a
KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutant protein, the method comprising reacting the
KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutant protein with any one of the compounds of
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structure (I). In other embodiments, a method for inhibiting proliferation of
a cell
population, the method comprising contacting the cell population with any one
of the
compounds of structure (I) is also provided.
In other embodiments, the invention is directed to a method for treating a
disorder mediated by a KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutation in a subject in need
thereof, the method comprising:
determining if the subject has a KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutation;
and
if the subject is determined to have the KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C
mutation, then administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount
of a
pharmaceutical composition comprising any one or more compounds of structure
(I).
In still more embodiments, the invention is directed to a method for
preparing a labeled KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutant protein, the method
comprising reacting the KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutant with a compound of
structure (I), to result in the labeled KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C protein.
These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent upon reference
to the following detailed description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the figures, identical reference numbers identify similar elements.
The sizes and relative positions of elements in the figures are not
necessarily drawn to
scale and some of these elements are arbitrarily enlarged and positioned to
improve
figure legibility. Further, the particular shapes of the elements as drawn are
not
intended to convey any information regarding the actual shape of the
particular
elements, and have been solely selected for ease of recognition in the
figures.
Fig. 1 illustrates the enzymatic activity of RAS.
Fig. 2 depicts a signal transduction pathway for RAS.
Fig. 3 shows some common oncogenes, their respective tumor type and
cumulative mutation frequencies (all tumors).
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In the following description, certain specific details are set forth in order
to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments of the invention.
However, one skilled in the art will understand that the invention may be
practiced
without these details.
Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the present
specification and claims, the word "comprise" and variations thereof, such as,
"comprises" and "comprising" are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense,
that is as
"including, but not limited to".
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an
embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic
described in
connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the
present
invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an
embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not
necessarily all
referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features,
structures, or
characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more
embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein
have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of skill in the art to
which
this invention belongs. As used in the specification and claims, the singular
form "a",
"an" and "the" include plural references unless the context clearly dictates
otherwise.
"Amino" refers to the -NH2radical.
"Carboxy" or "carboxyl" refers to the ¨CO2H radical.
"Cyano" refers to the -CN radical.
"Hydroxy" or "hydroxyl" refers to the -OH radical.
"Imino" refers to the =NH substituent.
"Nitro" refers to the -NO2 radical.
"Oxo" refers to the =0 substituent.
"Thioxo" refers to the =S substituent.
"Alkyl" refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical
consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which is saturated or
unsaturated (i.e.,
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contains one or more double and/or triple bonds), having from one to twelve
carbon
atoms (C1-C12 alkyl), preferably one to eight carbon atoms (C1-C8 alkyl) or
one to six
carbon atoms (Ci-C6 alkyl), and which is attached to the rest of the molecule
by a single
bond, e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl (iso-propyl), n-butyl, n-
pentyl,
1,1-dimethylethyl (t-butyl), 3-methylhexyl, 2-methylhexyl, ethenyl, prop-1-
enyl,
but-l-enyl, pent-l-enyl, penta-1,4-dienyl, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl,
pentynyl,
hexynyl, and the like. In some embodiments alkyls are saturated. In other
embodiments alkyl is unsaturated and thus includes alkenyls (one or more
carbon-
carbon double bonds) and/or alkynyls (one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds
such as
ethynyl and the like). Unless stated otherwise specifically in the
specification, an alkyl
group is optionally substituted.
"Alkylene" or "alkylene chain" refers to a straight or branched divalent
hydrocarbon chain linking the rest of the molecule to a radical group,
consisting solely
of carbon and hydrogen, which is saturated or unsaturated (i.e., contains one
or more
double and/or triple bonds), and having from one to twelve carbon atoms, e.g.,
methylene, ethylene, propylene, n-butylene, ethenylene, propenylene, n-
butenylene,
propynylene, n-butynylene, and the like. The alkylene chain is attached to the
rest of
the molecule through a single or double bond and to the radical group through
a single
or double bond. The points of attachment of the alkylene chain to the rest of
the
molecule and to the radical group can be through one carbon or any two carbons
within
the chain. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an
alkylene chain is
optionally substituted.
"Alkoxy" refers to a radical of the formula -0Ra where Ra is an alkyl
radical as defined above containing one to twelve carbon atoms. Unless stated
otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkoxy group is optionally
substituted.
"Alkoxyalkyl" refers to a radical of the formula -RbORa where Ra is an
alkyl radical as defined above containing one to twelve carbon atoms and Rb is
an
alkylene radical as defined above containing one to twelve carbon atoms.
Unless stated
otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkoxyalkyl group is
optionally
substituted.
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"Alkoxycarbonyl" refers to a radical of the formula ¨C(=0)0Ra where
Ra is an alkyl radical as defined above containing one to twelve carbon atoms.
Unless
stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkoxycarbonyl group is
optionally
substituted.
"Alkylaminyl" refers to a radical of the formula -NHRa or -NRaRa where
each Ra is, independently, an alkyl radical as defined above containing one to
twelve
carbon atoms. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an
alkylaminyl
group is optionally substituted.
"Aminylalkyl" refers to an alkyl group comprising at least one aminyl
substituent (¨NRaRb wherein Ra and Rb are each independently H or Ci-C6
alkyl). The
aminyl substituent can be on a tertiary, secondary or primary carbon. Unless
stated
otherwise specifically in the specification, an aminylalkyl group is
optionally
substituted.
"Aminylalkylaminyl" refers to a radical of the formula ¨NRaRb wherein
Ra is H or C1-C6 alkyl and Rb is aminylalkyl. Unless stated otherwise
specifically in the
specification, an aminylalkylaminyl group is optionally substituted.
"Aminylalkoxy" refers to a radical of the formula ¨0RaNH2 wherein Ra
is alkylene. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an
aminylalkoxy
group is optionally substituted.
"Alkylaminylalkoxy" refers to a radical of the formula ¨0RaNRbRc
wherein Ra is alkylene and Rb and Rc are each independently H or C1-C6 alkyl,
provided
one of Rb or Rc is Ci-C6 alkyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the
specification,
an alkylaminylalkoxy group is optionally substituted.
"Alkylcarbonylaminyl" refers to a radical of the formula ¨NH(C0)Ra
where Ra is an alkyl radical as defined above containing one to twelve carbon
atoms.
Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an
alkylcarbonylaminyl group
is optionally substituted. An alkenylcarbonylaminyl is an alkylcarbonylaminyl
containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond. An alkenylcarbonylaminyl
group is
optionally substituted.
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"Alkylcarbonylaminylalkoxy" refers to a radical of the formula
¨ORbNH(C=0)Ra where Ra is an alkyl radical as defined above containing one to
twelve carbon atoms and Rb is alkylene. Unless stated otherwise specifically
in the
specification, an alkylcarbonylaminylalkoxy group is optionally substituted.
"Aminylcarbonylalkyl" refers to a radical of the formula ¨
RcC(=0)NRaRb, where Ra and Rb are each independently H or alkyl and Rc is
alkylene.
Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an
aminylcarbonylalkyl group
is optionally substituted.
"Aryl" refers to a carbocyclic ring system radical comprising hydrogen,
6 to 18 carbon atoms and at least one aromatic ring. For purposes of this
invention, the
aryl radical is a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic ring system,
which may
include fused or bridged ring systems. Aryl radicals include, but are not
limited to, aryl
radicals derived from aceanthrylene, acenaphthylene, acephenanthrylene,
anthracene,
azulene, benzene, chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, as-indacene, s-indacene,
indane,
indene, naphthalene, phenalene, phenanthrene, pleiadene, pyrene, and
triphenylene.
Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, the term "aryl" or
the prefix
"ar-" (such as in "aralkyl") is meant to include aryl radicals that are
optionally
substituted.
"Aralkyl" refers to a radical of the formula -Rb-Re where Rb is an
alkylene chain as defined above and Rc is one or more aryl radicals as defined
above,
for example, benzyl, diphenylmethyl and the like. Unless stated otherwise
specifically
in the specification, an aralkyl group is optionally substituted.
"Carboxyalkyl" refers to a radical of the formula -Rb-R, where Rb is an
alkylene chain as defined above and R, is a carboxyl group as defined above.
Unless
stated otherwise specifically in the specification, carboxyalkyl group is
optionally
substituted.
"Cyanoalkyl" refers to a radical of the formula -Rb-Re where Rb is an
alkylene chain as defined above and Rc is a cyano group as defined above.
Unless
stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a cyanoalkyl group is
optionally
substituted.
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Carbocyclic" or "carbocycle" refers to a ring system, wherein each of the
ring atoms are carbon.
"Cycloalkyl" refers to a stable non-aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic
carbocyclic radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which may
include
fused or bridged ring systems, having from three to fifteen carbon atoms,
preferably
having from three to ten carbon atoms, and which is saturated or unsaturated
and
attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Monocyclic radicals
include, for
example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and
cyclooctyl.
Polycyclic radicals include, for example, adamantyl, norbornyl, decalinyl,
7,7-dimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, and the like. A "cycloalkylene" is a
divalent
cycloalkyl, which typically connects one portion a molecule to another
portion. Unless
otherwise stated specifically in the specification, a cycloalkyl (or
cycloalkylene) group
is optionally substituted.
"Cycloalkylalkyl" refers to a radical of the formula -RbRd where Rb is an
alkylene chain as defined above and Rd is a cycloalkyl radical as defined
above. Unless
stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a cycloalkylalkyl group is
optionally
substituted.
"Cycloalkylaminyl" refers to a radical of the formula ¨NRaRb wherein
Ra is H or alkyl and Rb is cycloalkyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in
the
specification, an heterocyclylalkoxy group is optionally substituted.
"Fused" refers to any ring structure described herein which is fused to an
existing ring structure in the compounds of the invention. When the fused ring
is a
heterocyclyl ring or a heteroaryl ring, any carbon atom on the existing ring
structure
which becomes part of the fused heterocyclyl ring or the fused heteroaryl ring
is
replaced with a nitrogen atom.
"Halo" or "halogen" refers to bromo, chloro, fluor or iodo.
"Haloalkyl" refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is
substituted by one or more halo radicals, as defined above, e.g.,
trifluoromethyl,
difluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1,2-difluoroethyl,
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3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1,2-dibromoethyl, and the like. Unless stated
otherwise
specifically in the specification, a haloalkyl group is optionally
substituted.
"Heterocycly1" or "heterocyclic ring" refers to a stable 3- to
18-membered non-aromatic ring radical having one to twelve ring carbon atoms
(e.g.,
two to twelve) and from one to six ring heteroatoms selected from the group
consisting
of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the
specification,
the heterocyclyl radical is a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic
ring system,
which may include fused, spirocyclic ("spiro-heterocyclyl") and/or bridged
ring
systems; and the nitrogen, carbon or sulfur atoms in the heterocyclyl radical
is
optionally oxidized; the nitrogen atom is optionally quaternized; and the
heterocyclyl
radical is partially or fully saturated. Examples of such heterocyclyl
radicals include,
but are not limited to, dioxolanyl, thienyl[1,3]dithianyl,
decahydroisoquinolyl,
imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl,
octahydroindolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl,
2-oxopyrrolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 4-piperidonyl,
pyrrolidinyl,
pyrazolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, trithianyl,
tetrahydropyranyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, 1-oxo-thiomorpholinyl,
and
1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl "Heterocyclylene" refers to a bivalent heterocyclyl
group,
which typically connects one portion of a molecule to another. Unless stated
otherwise
specifically in the specification, a heterocyclyl and/or heterocyclylene group
is
optionally substituted.
"N-heterocyclyl" refers to a heterocyclyl radical as defined above
containing at least one nitrogen and where the point of attachment of the
heterocyclyl
radical to the rest of the molecule is through a nitrogen atom in the
heterocyclyl radical.
Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a N-heterocyclyl
group is
optionally substituted.
"Heterocyclylalkyl" refers to a radical of the formula -RbIte where Rb is
an alkylene chain as defined above and Ite is a heterocyclyl radical as
defined above,
and if the heterocyclyl is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl, the
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optionally attached to the alkyl radical at the nitrogen atom. Unless stated
otherwise
specifically in the specification, a heterocyclylalkyl group is optionally
substituted.
"Heterocyclylalkoxy" refers to a radical of the formula ¨0RaRb wherein
Ra is alkylene and Rb is heterocyclyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in
the
specification, an heterocyclylalkoxy group is optionally substituted.
"Heterocyclylaminyl" refers to a radical of the formula ¨NRaRb wherein
Ra is H or alkyl and Rb is heterocyclyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically
in the
specification, an heterocyclylalkoxy group is optionally substituted.
"Heteroaryl" refers to a 5- to 14-membered ring system radical
comprising hydrogen atoms, one to thirteen ring carbon atoms, one to six ring
heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur,
and at
least one aromatic ring. For purposes of this invention, the heteroaryl
radical may be a
monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic ring system, which may include
fused or
bridged ring systems; and the nitrogen, carbon or sulfur atoms in the
heteroaryl radical
may be optionally oxidized; the nitrogen atom may be optionally quaternized.
Examples include, but are not limited to, azepinyl, acridinyl, benzimidazolyl,
benzothiazolyl, benzindolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzofuranyl, benzooxazolyl,
benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzo[b][1,4]dioxepinyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl,
benzonaphthofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzodioxinyl, benzopyranyl,
benzopyranonyl, benzofuranyl, benzofuranonyl, benzothienyl (benzothiophenyl),
benzotriazolyl, benzo[4,6]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl, carbazolyl, cinnolinyl,
dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, furanyl, furanonyl, isothiazolyl,
imidazolyl,
indazolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl,
isoquinolyl, indolizinyl,
isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, 2-oxoazepinyl, oxazolyl, oxiranyl, 1-
oxidopyridinyl, 1-oxidopyrimidinyl, 1-oxidopyrazinyl, 1-oxidopyridazinyl,
1-pheny1-1H-pyrrolyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl,
pteridinyl, purinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl,
pyridazinyl,
quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinolinyl, quinuclidinyl, isoquinolinyl,
tetrahydroquinolinyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl,
triazinyl, and
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thiophenyl (i.e. thienyl). Unless stated otherwise specifically in the
specification, a
heteroaryl is optionally substituted.
"N-heteroaryl" refers to a heteroaryl radical as defined above containing
at least one nitrogen and where the point of attachment of the heteroaryl
radical to the
rest of the molecule is through a nitrogen atom in the heteroaryl radical.
Unless stated
otherwise specifically in the specification, an N-heteroaryl group is
optionally
substituted.
"Heteroarylalkyl" refers to a radical of the formula -RbRf where Rb is an
alkylene chain as defined above and Rf is a heteroaryl radical as defined
above. Unless
stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heteroarylalkyl group is
optionally
substituted.
"Hydroxylalkyl" refers to an alkyl group comprising at least one
hydroxyl substituent. The ¨OH substituent may be on a primary, secondary or
tertiary
carbon. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a
hydroxylalkyl group
is optionally substituted. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the
specification, a
hydroxylalkyl group is optionally substituted.
"Phosphate" refers to the -0P(=0)(Ra)Rb group, where Ra is OH, 0- or
OR and Rb is OH, 0-, ORc, or a further phosphate group (e.g., to form a di- or
triphosphate), wherein R, is a counter ion (e.g., Na+ and the like).
"Phosphoalkoxy" refers to an alkoxy group, as defined herein, which is
substituted with at least one phosphate group, as defined herein. Unless
stated
otherwise specifically in the specification, an phosphoalkoxy group is
optionally
substituted.
"Thioalkyl" refers to a radical of the formula -SRa where Ra is an alkyl
radical as defined above containing one to twelve carbon atoms. Unless stated
otherwise specifically in the specification, a thioalkyl group may be
optionally
substituted.
The term "substituted" used herein means any of the above groups (e.g.,
alkyl, alkylene, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminylalkyl,
aminylalkylaminyl,
aminylalkoxy, alkylaminylalkoxy, alkylaminyl, alkylcarbonylaminyl,
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alkylcarbonylaminylalkoxy, aminylcarbonylalkyl, thioalkyl, aryl, aralkyl,
carboxyalkyl,
cyanoalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, N-
heterocyclyl,
heterocyclyloxy, heterocyclylaminyl, N-heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl,
heteroaryl, N-
heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, phosphoalkoxy, and/or hydroxylalkyl) wherein at
least one
hydrogen atom (e.g., 1, 2, 3 or all hydrogen atoms) is replaced by a bond to a
non-
hydrogen atom such as, but not limited to: a halogen atom such as F, Cl, Br,
and I; an
oxygen atom in groups such as hydroxyl groups, alkoxy groups, and ester
groups; a
sulfur atom in groups such as thiol groups, thioalkyl groups, sulfone groups,
sulfonyl
groups, and sulfoxide groups; a nitrogen atom in groups such as amines,
amides,
alkylamines, dialkylamines, arylamines, alkylarylamines, diarylamines, N-
oxides,
imides, and enamines; a silicon atom in groups such as trialkylsilyl groups,
dialkylarylsilyl groups, alkyldiarylsilyl groups, and triarylsilyl groups; and
other
heteroatoms in various other groups. "Substituted" also means any of the above
groups
in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by a higher-order bond (e.g.,
a
double- or triple-bond) to a heteroatom such as oxygen in oxo, carbonyl,
carboxyl, and
ester groups; and nitrogen in groups such as imines, oximes, hydrazones, and
nitriles.
For example, "substituted" includes any of the above groups in which one or
more
hydrogen atoms are replaced
with -NRgRh, -NRgC(=0)Rh, -NRgC(=0)NRgRh, 4'4RgC(=0)0Rh, -NRgS02Rh,
-0C(=0)NRgRh, -ORg, -SRg, -SORg, -SO2Rg, -0S02Rg, -S020Rg, =NSO2Rg,
and -SO2NRgRh. "Substituted also means any of the above groups in which one or
more hydrogen atoms are replaced with -C(=0)Rg, -C(=0)0Rg, -C(=0)1\TRgRh,
-CH2S02Rg, -CH2S02NRgRh. In the foregoing, Rg and Rh are the same or different
and
independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylaminyl, thioalkyl, aryl, aralkyl,
cycloalkyl,
cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, N-heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl,
heteroaryl,
N-heteroaryl and/or heteroarylalkyl. "Substituted" further means any of the
above
groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by a bond to an
aminyl,
cyano, hydroxyl, imino, nitro, oxo, thioxo, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylaminyl,
thioalkyl,
aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, N-
heterocyclyl,
heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl, N-heteroaryl and/or heteroarylalkyl group. In
addition,
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each of the foregoing substituents may also be optionally substituted with one
or more
of the above substituents.
"Electrophile" or "electrophilic moiety" is any moiety capable of
reacting with a nucleophile (e.g., a moiety having a lone pair of electrons, a
negative
charge, a partial negative charge and/or an excess of electrons, for example a
¨SH
group). Electrophiles typically are electron poor or comprise atoms which are
electron
poor. In certain embodiments an electrophile contains a positive charge or
partial
positive charge, has a resonance structure which contains a positive charge or
partial
positive charge or is a moiety in which delocalization or polarization of
electrons results
in one or more atom which contains a positive charge or partial positive
charge. In
some embodiments, the electrophiles comprise conjugated double bonds, for
example
an a, 13-unsaturated carbonyl or a, 13-unsaturated thiocarbonyl compound.
The term "effective amount" or "therapeutically effective amount" refers
to that amount of a compound described herein that is sufficient to effect the
intended
application including but not limited to disease treatment, as defined below.
The
therapeutically effective amount may vary depending upon the intended
treatment
application (in vivo), or the subject and disease condition being treated,
e.g., the weight
and age of the subject, the severity of the disease condition, the manner of
administration and the like, which can readily be determined by one of
ordinary skill in
the art. The term also applies to a dose that will induce a particular
response in target
cells, e.g. reduction of platelet adhesion and/or cell migration. The specific
dose will
vary depending on the particular compounds chosen, the dosing regimen to be
followed,
whether it is administered in combination with other compounds, timing of
administration, the tissue to which it is administered, and the physical
delivery system
in which it is carried.
As used herein, "treatment" or "treating" refer to an approach for
obtaining beneficial or desired results with respect to a disease, disorder or
medical
condition including but not limited to a therapeutic benefit and/or a
prophylactic
benefit. By therapeutic benefit is meant eradication or amelioration of the
underlying
disorder being treated. Also, a therapeutic benefit is achieved with the
eradication or
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amelioration of one or more of the physiological symptoms associated with the
underlying disorder such that an improvement is observed in the subject,
notwithstanding that the subject may still be afflicted with the underlying
disorder. In
certain embodiments, for prophylactic benefit, the compositions are
administered to a
subject at risk of developing a particular disease, or to a subject reporting
one or more
of the physiological symptoms of a disease, even though a diagnosis of this
disease may
not have been made.
A "therapeutic effect," as that term is used herein, encompasses a
therapeutic benefit and/or a prophylactic benefit as described above. A
prophylactic
effect includes delaying or eliminating the appearance of a disease or
condition,
delaying or eliminating the onset of symptoms of a disease or condition,
slowing,
halting, or reversing the progression of a disease or condition, or any
combination
thereof.
The term "co-administration," "administered in combination with," and
their grammatical equivalents, as used herein, encompass administration of two
or more
agents to an animal, including humans, so that both agents and/or their
metabolites are
present in the subject at the same time. Co-administration includes
simultaneous
administration in separate compositions, administration at different times in
separate
compositions, or administration in a composition in which both agents are
present.
"Pharmaceutically acceptable salt" includes both acid and base addition
salts.
"Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt" refers to those salts
which retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the free bases,
which are not
biologically or otherwise undesirable, and which are formed with inorganic
acids such
as, but are not limited to, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric
acid, nitric acid,
phosphoric acid and the like, and organic acids such as, but not limited to,
acetic acid,
2,2-dichloroacetic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, ascorbic acid, aspartic
acid,
benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, 4-acetamidobenzoic acid, camphoric acid,
camphor-10-sulfonic acid, capric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, carbonic
acid,
cinnamic acid, citric acid, cyclamic acid, dodecylsulfuric acid, ethane-1,2-
disulfonic
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acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, formic acid, fumaric
acid,
galactaric acid, gentisic acid, glucoheptonic acid, gluconic acid, glucuronic
acid,
glutamic acid, glutaric acid, 2-oxo-glutaric acid, glycerophosphoric acid,
glycolic acid,
hippuric acid, isobutyric acid, lactic acid, lactobionic acid, lauric acid,
maleic acid,
malic acid, malonic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, mucic acid,
naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid, naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid, 1-hydroxy-2-
naphthoic
acid, nicotinic acid, oleic acid, orotic acid, oxalic acid, palmitic acid,
pamoic acid,
propionic acid, pyroglutamic acid, pyruvic acid, salicylic acid, 4-
aminosalicylic acid,
sebacic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, thiocyanic acid, p-
toluenesulfonic
acid, trifluoroacetic acid, undecylenic acid, and the like.
"Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt" refers to those salts
which retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the free acids,
which are not
biologically or otherwise undesirable. These salts are prepared from addition
of an
inorganic base or an organic base to the free acid. Salts derived from
inorganic bases
include, but are not limited to, the sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium,
calcium,
magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum salts and the like.
Preferred
inorganic salts are the ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium
salts.
Salts derived from organic bases include, but are not limited to, salts of
primary,
secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally
occurring
substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such as
ammonia,
isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine,
diethanolamine, ethanolamine, deanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol,
2-diethylaminoethanol, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, arginine, histidine,
caffeine,
procaine, hydrabamine, choline, betaine, benethamine, benzathine,
ethylenediamine,
glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, triethanolamine, tromethamine,
purines,
piperazine, piperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, polyamine resins and the like.
Particularly
preferred organic bases are isopropylamine, diethylamine, ethanolamine,
trimethylamine, dicyclohexylamine, choline and caffeine.
The terms "antagonist" and "inhibitor" are used interchangeably, and
they refer to a compound having the ability to inhibit a biological function
of a target
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protein, whether by inhibiting the activity or expression of the protein, such
as KRAS,
HRAS or NRAS G12C. Accordingly, the terms "antagonist" and "inhibitors" are
defined in the context of the biological role of the target protein. While
preferred
antagonists herein specifically interact with (e.g. bind to) the target,
compounds that
inhibit a biological activity of the target protein by interacting with other
members of
the signal transduction pathway of which the target protein is a member are
also
specifically included within this definition. A preferred biological activity
inhibited by
an antagonist is associated with the development, growth, or spread of a
tumor.
The term "agonist" as used herein refers to a compound having the
ability to initiate or enhance a biological function of a target protein,
whether by
inhibiting the activity or expression of the target protein. Accordingly, the
term
"agonist" is defined in the context of the biological role of the target
polypeptide.
While preferred agonists herein specifically interact with (e.g. bind to) the
target,
compounds that initiate or enhance a biological activity of the target
polypeptide by
interacting with other members of the signal transduction pathway of which the
target
polypeptide is a member are also specifically included within this definition.
As used herein, "agent" or "biologically active agent" refers to a
biological, pharmaceutical, or chemical compound or other moiety. Non-limiting
examples include a simple or complex organic or inorganic molecule, a peptide,
a
protein, an oligonucleotide, an antibody, an antibody derivative, antibody
fragment, a
vitamin derivative, a carbohydrate, a toxin, or a chemotherapeutic compound.
Various
compounds can be synthesized, for example, small molecules and oligomers
(e.g.,
oligopeptides and oligonucleotides), and synthetic organic compounds based on
various
core structures. In addition, various natural sources can provide compounds
for
screening, such as plant or animal extracts, and the like.
"Signal transduction" is a process during which stimulatory or inhibitory
signals are transmitted into and within a cell to elicit an intracellular
response. A
modulator of a signal transduction pathway refers to a compound which
modulates the
activity of one or more cellular proteins mapped to the same specific signal
transduction
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pathway. A modulator may augment (agonist) or suppress (antagonist) the
activity of a
signaling molecule.
An "anti-cancer agent", "anti-tumor agent" or "chemotherapeutic agent"
refers to any agent useful in the treatment of a neoplastic condition. One
class of anti-
cancer agents comprises chemotherapeutic agents. "Chemotherapy" means the
administration of one or more chemotherapeutic drugs and/or other agents to a
cancer
patient by various methods, including intravenous, oral, intramuscular,
intraperitoneal,
intravesical, subcutaneous, transdermal, buccal, or inhalation or in the form
of a
suppository.
The term "cell proliferation" refers to a phenomenon by which the cell
number has changed as a result of division. This term also encompasses cell
growth by
which the cell morphology has changed (e.g., increased in size) consistent
with a
proliferative signal.
The term "selective inhibition" or "selectively inhibit" refers to a
biologically active agent refers to the agent's ability to preferentially
reduce the target
signaling activity as compared to off-target signaling activity, via direct or
indirect
interaction with the target.
"Subject" refers to an animal, such as a mammal, for example a human.
The methods described herein can be useful in both human therapeutics and
veterinary
applications. In some embodiments, the subject is a mammal, and in some
embodiments, the subject is human.
"Mammal" includes humans and both domestic animals such as
laboratory animals and household pets (e.g., cats, dogs, swine, cattle, sheep,
goats,
horses, rabbits), and non-domestic animals such as wildlife and the like.
"Radiation therapy" means exposing a subject, using routine methods
and compositions known to the practitioner, to radiation emitters such as
alpha-particle
emitting radionuclides (e.g., actinium and thorium radionuclides), low linear
energy
transfer (LET) radiation emitters (i.e. beta emitters), conversion electron
emitters (e.g.
strontium-89 and samarium-153-EDTMP, or high-energy radiation, including
without
limitation x-rays, gamma rays, and neutrons.
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An "anti-cancer agent", "anti-tumor agent" or "chemotherapeutic agent"
refers to any agent useful in the treatment of a neoplastic condition. One
class of anti-
cancer agents comprises chemotherapeutic agents. "Chemotherapy" means the
administration of one or more chemotherapeutic drugs and/or other agents to a
cancer
patient by various methods, including intravenous, oral, intramuscular,
intraperitoneal,
intravesical, subcutaneous, transdermal, buccal, or inhalation or in the form
of a
suppository.
"Prodrug" is meant to indicate a compound that may be converted under
physiological conditions or by solvolysis to a biologically active compound
described
herein (e.g., compound of structure (I)). Thus, the term "prodrug" refers to a
precursor
of a biologically active compound that is pharmaceutically acceptable. In some
aspects,
a prodrug is inactive when administered to a subject, but is converted in vivo
to an
active compound, for example, by hydrolysis. The prodrug compound often offers
advantages of solubility, tissue compatibility or delayed release in a
mammalian
organism (see, e.g., Bundgard, H., Design of Prodrugs (1985), pp. 7-9, 21-24
(Elsevier,
Amsterdam). A discussion of prodrugs is provided in Higuchi, T., et al., "Pro-
drugs as
Novel Delivery Systems," A.C.S. Symposium Series, Vol. 14, and in
Bioreversible
Carriers in Drug Design, ed. Edward B. Roche, American Pharmaceutical
Association
and Pergamon Press, 1987, both of which are incorporated in full by reference
herein.
The term "prodrug" is also meant to include any covalently bonded carriers,
which
release the active compound in vivo when such prodrug is administered to a
mammalian subject. Prodrugs of an active compound, as described herein, are
typically
prepared by modifying functional groups present in the active compound in such
a way
that the modifications are cleaved, either in routine manipulation or in vivo,
to the
parent active compound. Prodrugs include compounds wherein a hydroxy, amino or
mercapto group is bonded to any group that, when the prodrug of the active
compound
is administered to a mammalian subject, cleaves to form a free hydroxy, free
amino or
free mercapto group, respectively. Examples of prodrugs include, but are not
limited
to, acetate, formate and benzoate derivatives of a hydroxy functional group,
or
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acetamide, formamide and benzamide derivatives of an amine functional group in
the
active compound and the like.
In some embodiments, prodrugs include compounds of structure (I)
having a phosphate, phosphoalkoxy, ester or boronic ester substituent. Without
being
bound by theory, it is believed that such substituents are converted to a
hydroxyl group
under physiological conditions. Accordingly, embodiments include any of the
compounds disclosed herein, wherein a hydroxyl group has been replaced with a
phosphate, phosphoalkoxy, ester or boronic ester group, for example a
phosphate or
phosphoalkoxy group. For example, in some embodiments a hydroxyl group on the
le
moiety is replaced with a phosphate, phosphoalkoxy, ester or boronic ester
group, for
example a phosphate or alkoxy phosphate group. Exemplary prodrugs of certain
embodiments thus include compounds having one of the following le moieties:
0 /¨
0 r¨}L H2N
8 µi_r'
(R)n = (R.), ; (R.), ;
0 n HO'? _____
/=)s
.P
HO \oFAH HO
(R)n or (R),,
wherein each R' is independently H or an optional substituent, and n is 1, 2,
3 or 4.
The term "in vivo" refers to an event that takes place in a subject's body.
Embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are also meant to
encompass all pharmaceutically acceptable compounds of structure (I) being
isotopically-labelled by having one or more atoms replaced by an atom having a
different atomic mass or mass number. Examples of isotopes that can be
incorporated
into the disclosed compounds include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen,
oxygen,
phosphorous, fluorine, chlorine, and iodine, such as 2H, 3H, HC, 13C, 14c,
13N, 15N, 150,
170, 180, 31p, 32p, 35s, 18F, 36c1, 121%
and 1251, respectively. These radiolabeled
compounds could be useful to help determine or measure the effectiveness of
the
compounds, by characterizing, for example, the site or mode of action, or
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affinity to pharmacologically important site of action. Certain isotopically-
labeled
compounds of structure (I), for example, those incorporating a radioactive
isotope, are
useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution studies. The radioactive
isotopes
tritium, i.e. 3H, and carbon-14, i.e. 14C, are particularly useful for this
purpose in view
of their ease of incorporation and ready means of detection.
Substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium, i.e. 2H, may afford
certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for
example,
increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements, and hence are
preferred in
some circumstances.
Substitution with positron emitting isotopes, such as 11C, , 18-r 150 and
13N, can be useful in Positron Emission Topography (PET) studies for examining
substrate receptor occupancy. Isotopically-labeled compounds of structure (I)
can
generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the
art or by
processes analogous to those described in the Preparations and Examples as set
out
below using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-
labeled
reagent previously employed.
Certain embodiments are also meant to encompass the in vivo metabolic
products of the disclosed compounds. Such products may result from, for
example, the
oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, amidation, esterification, and the like of
the
administered compound, primarily due to enzymatic processes. Accordingly, the
embodiments include compounds produced by a process comprising administering a
compound of this invention to a mammal for a period of time sufficient to
yield a
metabolic product thereof Such products are typically identified by
administering a
radiolabeled compound of the invention in a detectable dose to an animal, such
as rat,
mouse, guinea pig, monkey, or to human, allowing sufficient time for
metabolism to
occur, and isolating its conversion products from the urine, blood or other
biological
samples.
"Stable compound" and "stable structure" are meant to indicate a
compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation to a useful degree
of purity
from a reaction mixture, and formulation into an efficacious therapeutic
agent.
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Often crystallizations produce a solvate of the compound of the
invention. As used herein, the term "solvate" refers to an aggregate that
comprises one
or more molecules of a compound of the invention with one or more molecules of
solvent. In some embodiments, the solvent is water, in which case the solvate
is a
hydrate. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the solvent is an organic
solvent. Thus,
the compounds of the present invention may exist as a hydrate, including a
monohydrate, dihydrate, hemihydrate, sesquihydrate, trihydrate, tetrahydrate
and the
like, as well as the corresponding solvated forms. In some aspects, the
compound of the
invention is a true solvate, while in other cases, the compound of the
invention merely
retains adventitious water or is a mixture of water plus some adventitious
solvent.
"Optional" or "optionally" means that the subsequently described event
of circumstances may or may not occur, and that the description includes
instances
where said event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not.
For
example, "optionally substituted aryl" means that the aryl radical may or may
not be
substituted and that the description includes both substituted aryl radicals
and aryl
radicals having no substitution.
A "pharmaceutical composition" refers to a formulation of a compound
of the invention and a medium generally accepted in the art for the delivery
of the
biologically active compound to mammals, e.g., humans. Such a medium includes
all
pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients therefor.
"Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient" includes
without limitation any adjuvant, carrier, excipient, glidant, sweetening
agent, diluent,
preservative, dye/colorant, flavor enhancer, surfactant, wetting agent,
dispersing agent,
suspending agent, stabilizer, isotonic agent, solvent, or emulsifier which has
been
approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as being acceptable
for
use in humans or domestic animals.
The compounds of the invention (i.e., compounds of structure (I)), or
their pharmaceutically acceptable salts may contain one or more asymmetric
centers
and may thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric
forms
that are defined, in terms of absolute stereochemistry, as (R)- or (S)- or, as
(D)- or
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(L)- for amino acids. Embodiments thus include all such possible isomers, as
well as
their racemic and optically pure forms. Optically active (+) and (-), (R)- and
(9-, or
(D)- and (L)- isomers may be prepared using chiral synthons or chiral
reagents, or
resolved using conventional techniques, for example, chromatography and
fractional
crystallization. Conventional techniques for the preparation/isolation of
individual
enantiomers include chiral synthesis from a suitable optically pure precursor
or
resolution of the racemate (or the racemate of a salt or derivative) using,
for example,
chiral high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). When the compounds
described
herein contain olefinic double bonds or other centres of geometric asymmetry,
and
unless specified otherwise, it is intended that the compounds include both E
and Z
geometric isomers. Likewise, all tautomeric forms are also intended to be
included.
Embodiments of the present invention include all manner of rotamers
and conformationally restricted states of a compound of the invention.
Atropisomers,
which are stereoisomers arising because of hindered rotation about a single
bond, where
energy differences due to steric strain or other contributors create a barrier
to rotation
that is high enough to allow for isolation of individual conformers, are also
included.
As an example, certain compounds of the invention may exist as mixtures of
atropisomers or purified or enriched for the presence of one atropisomer. Non-
limiting
examples of compounds which exist as atropisomers include the following
compounds:
N 0
o
FCI 40 N
N
OHF
R-atropisomer
N 0
0
F CI N
0
F N
0
OH F CI N
racemic
OHF N
S-atropisomer
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In some embodiments, the compound of structure (I) is a mixture of
atropisomers. In other embodiments, the compound of structure (I) is a
substantially
purified atropisomer. In some embodiments, the compound of structure (I) is a
substantially purified R-atropisomer. In some other embodiments, the compound
of
structure (I) is a substantially purified R-atropisomer.
A "stereoisomer" refers to a compound made up of the same atoms
bonded by the same bonds but having different three-dimensional structures,
which are
not interchangeable. The present invention contemplates various stereoisomers
and
mixtures thereof and includes "enantiomers", which refers to two stereoisomers
whose
molecules are nonsuperimposeable mirror images of one another.
A "tautomer" refers to a proton shift from one atom of a molecule to
another atom of the same molecule. Embodiments thus include tautomers of the
disclosed compounds.
The chemical naming protocol and structure diagrams used herein are a
modified form of the I.U.P.A.C. nomenclature system, using the ACD/Name
Version
9.07 software program and/or ChemDraw Ultra Version 11Ø1 software naming
program (CambridgeSoft). For complex chemical names employed herein, a
substituent group is typically named before the group to which it attaches.
For
example, cyclopropylethyl comprises an ethyl backbone with a cyclopropyl
substituent.
Except as described below, all bonds are identified in the chemical structure
diagrams
herein, except for all bonds on some carbon atoms, which are assumed to be
bonded to
sufficient hydrogen atoms to complete the valency.
Compounds
In an aspect, the invention provides compounds which are capable of
selectively binding to and/or modulating a G12C mutant KRAS, HRAS or NRAS
protein. The compounds may modulate the G12C mutant KRAS, HRAS or NRAS
protein by reaction with an amino acid. While not wishing to be bound by
theory, the
present applicants believe that, in some embodiments, the compounds of the
invention
selectively react with the G12C mutant KRAS, HRAS or NRAS proteins by forming
a
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covalent bond with the cysteine at the 12 position of a G12C mutant KRAS, HRAS
or
NRAS protein. By binding to the Cysteine 12, the compounds of the invention
may
lock the switch II of the G12C mutant KRAS, HRAS or NRAS into an inactive
stage.
This inactive stage may be distinct from those observed for GTP and GDP bound
KRAS, HRAS or NRAS. Some compounds of the invention may also be able to
perturb the switch I conformation. Some compounds of the invention may favor
the
binding of the bound KRAS, HRAS or NRAS to GDP rather than GTP and therefore
sequester the KRAS, HRAS or NRAS into an inactive KRAS, HRAS or NRAS GDP
state. Because effector binding to KRAS, HRAS or NRAS is highly sensitive to
the
conformation of switch I and II, the irreversible binding of these compounds
may
disrupt KRAS, HRAS or NRAS downstream signaling.
As noted above, in one embodiment of the present invention, compounds
having activity as modulators of a G12C mutant KRAS, HRAS or NRAS protein are
provided, the compounds have the following structure (I):
,E
R2\t L1
R2b
_
R2a 1R1 N R
(I)
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer or prodrug thereof,
wherein:
A is N or C;
B is oxo, cyano, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl,
heteroaryl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, amino,
alkylamino,
arylamino, -CO2H, -CONH2, aminylcarbonyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl,
heteroarylamino,
halo, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryl or -X-L2-1e;
Xis ¨NRb- or¨O-;
Li- is alkylene, cycloalkylene, heterocyclylene or absent;
252 i
L s alkylene or absent;
R is H, cyano, amino, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxyl, cycloalkyl,
heterocyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -CO2H, -CONH2,
aminylcarbonyl, C1-
C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkylaminyl or C1-C6 alkoxY;
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Ra is cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, -(C=0)0H, -(C=0)NH2
or -(C=0)NHOH;
Rb is, at each occurrence, independently H or Ci-C6 alkyl;
= is aryl or heteroaryl;
K-2a,
R2b and R2c are each independently H, amino, cyano, halo, hydroxyl,
Ci-C6 alkyl, Ci-C6 alkylaminyl, -NRb(C=0)Rb, Ci-C6haloalkyl, Ci-C6 alkoxy, C3-
C8
cycloalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, aminylalkyl,
alkylaminylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl,
aminylcarbonyl,
heteroaryl or aryl;
= is a single or double bond such that all valences are satisfied; and
E is an electrophilic moiety capable of forming a covalent bond with the
cysteine residue at position 12 of a KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutant protein.
In other embodiments of the compound of structure (I):
A isN or C;
B is oxo, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkylalkyl,
heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, amino, alkylamino, arylamino, -CO2H, -
CONH2,
aminylcarbonyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl, heteroarylamino, halo, haloalkyl, alkoxy,
haloalkoxy, aryl or -X-L2-Ra;
Xis ¨NRb- or¨O-;
Li- is alkylene, cycloalkylene, heterocyclylene or absent;
L2 is alkylene or absent;
R is H, cyano, amino, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxyl, cycloalkyl,
heterocyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -CO2H, -CONH2,
aminylcarbonyl, C1-
C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkylaminyl or C1-C6 alkoxy;
Ra is cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, -(C=0)0H, -(C=0)NH2
or -(C=0)NHOH;
Rb is, at each occurrence, independently H or C1-C6 alkyl;
= is aryl or heteroaryl;
K-2a,
R2b and R2c are each independently H, amino, halo, hydroxyl, C1-C6
alkyl, C1-C6 alkylaminyl, -NRb(C=0)Rb, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8
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cycloalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, aminylalkyl,
alkylaminylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl,
aminylcarbonyl,
heteroaryl or aryl;
= is a single or double bond such that all valences are satisfied; and
E is an electrophilic moiety capable of forming a covalent bond with the
cysteine residue at position 12 of a KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutant protein.
In other different embodiments of the compound of structure (I):
A is N or C;
B is oxo, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkylalkyl,
heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl or -X-L2-Ra;
Xis ¨NRb- or¨O-;
Li- is alkylene, cycloalkylene, heterocyclylene or absent;
L2 is alkylene or absent;
R is H, cyano, amino, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkylaminyl or C1-C6 alkoxY;
Ra is cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, -(C=0)0H, -(C=0)NH2
or -(C=0)NHOH;
Rb is H or C1-C6 alkyl;
is aryl or heteroaryl;
K¨ 2a,
R2b and R2c are each independently H, amino, halo, hydroxyl, C1-C6
alkyl, C1-C6 alkylaminyl, -NRb(C=0)Rb, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8
cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or aryl;
= is a single or double bond such that all valences are satisfied; and
E is an electrophilic moiety capable of forming a covalent bond with the
cysteine residue at position 12 of a KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutant protein.
In some embodiments, B is cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl. In
other embodiments, Ll is alkylene or absent.
In some other of the foregoing embodiments, B is cycloalkyl or
heterocyclyl, for example in some embodiments the compound has the following
structure (IA):
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G2 R4b
R3aX
Gi R4a
R2c
E
R2b n
R2a ---"R1 N R
(IA)
wherein:
Gi is N or CH;
G2 is Nit' or CHitc;
RC is H, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonylaminyl,
aminocarbonylaminyl or heteroarylcarbonyl;
R3a and R3b are, at each occurrence, independently
H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano, Ci-C6 alkyl, Ci-C6 haloalkyl, Ci-C6
haloalkoxy, C2-
C6 alkynyl, hydroxylalkly, alkoxyalkyl, aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl,
cyanoalkyl,
carboxyalkyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl or aminylcarbonyl; or R3a and R3b join to
form oxo,
a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; or R3a is H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo,
cyano, Ci-C6
alkyl, Ci-C6 haloalkyl, Ci-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkynyl, hydroxylalkly,
alkoxyalkyl,
aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl
or
aminylcarbonyl, and R3b joins with R4b to form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic
ring;
R4a and R4b are, at each occurrence, independently
H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano, Ci-C6 alkyl, Ci-C6 haloalkyl, Ci-C6
haloalkoxy, C2'
C6 alkynyl, hydroxylalkly, alkoxyalkyl, aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl,
cyanoalkyl,
carboxyalkyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl or aminylcarbonyl; or R4a and R4b join to
form oxo,
a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; or R4a is H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo,
cyano, Ci-C6
alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkynyl, hydroxylalkly,
alkoxyalkyl,
aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl
or
aminylcarbonyl, and R4b joins with R3b to form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic
ring;
ml and m2 are each independently 1, 2 or 3; and
n is an integer from 0 to 5.
In other embodiments of structure (IA):
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R3a and R3b are, at each occurrence, independently
H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, hydroxylalkly,
alkoxyalkyl, aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carboxyalkyl,
aminylcarbonylalkyl or aminylcarbonyl; or R3a and R3b join to form a
carbocyclic or
heterocyclic ring; or R3a is H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano, Ci-C6 alkyl, C2-
C6
alkynyl, hydroxylalkly, alkoxyalkyl, aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl,
cyanoalkyl,
carboxyalkyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl or aminylcarbonyl, and R3b joins with R4b to
form a
carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
R4a and R4b are, at each occurrence, independently
H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano, Ci-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, hydroxylalkly,
alkoxyalkyl, aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carboxyalkyl,
aminylcarbonylalkyl or aminylcarbonyl; or R4a and R4b join to form a
carbocyclic or
heterocyclic ring; or R4a is H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano, Ci-C6 alkyl, C2-
C6
alkynyl, hydroxylalkly, alkoxyalkyl, aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl,
cyanoalkyl,
carboxyalkyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl or aminylcarbonyl, and R4b joins with R3b to
form a
carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
In other embodiments, the compound has the following structure (IAa)
or (IAb):
Rc
R\
C
N p
R2c R2c
R26_ I R26_
R2a N R R2a 1R1 N R
or
(IAa) (IAb)
wherein pi- is an integer from 0 to 3.
In still different embodiments, the compound has one of the following
structures (IAc), (IAd) or (IAe):
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Rc
NI Rc
G-
X 4 CR3a Gi R a 1
N p
R2b R2b R2b
100 n E 101 n E n E
R1 N R R1 N R R1 N R
R2a Rza R2a
=
(IAc) (IAd) (IAe)
In other of the foregoing embodiments, le is alkylcarbonyl,
aminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonylaminyl, aminocarbonylaminyl or heteroarylcarbonyl,
for
example, in some embodiments the alkylcarbonyl is substituted with
aminocarbonyl,
hydroxylaminocarbonyl, hydroxyl or amino.
In other embodiments, le has one of the following structures:
0 0 0
0 0 0
µ3,z..)=LN,OH
NH
'µj*L NH2 . -\-j)( NH2 . Nz----/ =
0 0 0 0
`azi.J.LHA P2 H2
= NANH2 -/-1\1) = P2
H or H
wherein p2 is an integer from 1 to 3.
In other embodiments, le has one of the following structures:
0
or .
In some different embodiments, B is alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl,
heterocycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl or -X-L2-1e. For example, in some
embodiments B
is -X-L2-1e. In other embodiments, le is heterocyclyl or heteroaryl.
In various other embodiments, Ll is alkylene or absent. In some
embodiments, Ll is alkylene. In other embodiments, Ll is absent.
In some embodiments, B is -X-L2-le and Ll is alkylene or absent, for
example in some embodiments the compound has one of the following structures
(1113)
or (IC):
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R3ID. G4 .R4b
1.3a G1 R4a
L2 L2
X'
X'
R2c
r
R2c,"}, '\ n E
R2b_ R2b_
R2 1 N R p2a R1 N
or ¨
(TB) (IC)
wherein:
H represents a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl ring optionally substituted
with one or more of R3a, R3b, R4a and R4b;
Gi is N or CH;
G2 is Nit' or CHitc;
RC is H, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonylaminyl,
aminocarbonylaminyl or heteroarylcarbonyl;
R3a and R3b are, at each occurrence, independently
H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano, Ci-C6 alkyl, Ci-C6 haloalkyl, Ci-C6
haloalkoxy, C2-
C6 alkynyl, hydroxylalkly, alkoxyalkyl, aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl,
cyanoalkyl,
carboxyalkyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl or aminylcarbonyl; or R3a and R3b join to
form oxo,
a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; or R3a is H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo,
cyano, Ci-C6
alkyl, Ci-C6 haloalkyl, Ci-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkynyl, hydroxylalkly,
alkoxyalkyl,
aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl
or
aminylcarbonyl, and R3b joins with R4b to form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic
ring;
R4a and R4b are, at each occurrence, independently
H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano, Ci-C6 alkyl, Ci-C6 haloalkyl, Ci-C6
haloalkoxy, C2-
C6 alkynyl, hydroxylalkly, alkoxyalkyl, aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl,
cyanoalkyl,
carboxyalkyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl or aminylcarbonyl; or R4a and R4b join to
form oxo,
a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; or R4a is H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo,
cyano, Ci-C6
alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkynyl, hydroxylalkly,
alkoxyalkyl,
aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl
or
aminylcarbonyl, and R4b joins with R3b to form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic
ring;
ml and m2 are each independently 1, 2 or 3; and
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n is an integer from 0 to 5.
In other embodiments of structure (I13) and (IC):
R3a and R3b are, at each occurrence, independently
H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano, Ci-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, hydroxylalkly,
alkoxyalkyl, aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carboxyalkyl,
aminylcarbonylalkyl or aminylcarbonyl; or R3a and R3b join to form a
carbocyclic or
heterocyclic ring; or R3a is H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano, Ci-C6 alkyl, C2-
C6
alkynyl, hydroxylalkly, alkoxyalkyl, aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl,
cyanoalkyl,
carboxyalkyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl or aminylcarbonyl, and R3b joins with R4b to
form a
carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
R4a and R4b are, at each occurrence, independently
H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, hydroxylalkly,
alkoxyalkyl, aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carboxyalkyl,
aminylcarbonylalkyl or aminylcarbonyl; or R4a and R4b join to form a
carbocyclic or
heterocyclic ring; or R4a is H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano, Ci-C6 alkyl, C2-
C6
alkynyl, hydroxylalkly, alkoxyalkyl, aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl,
cyanoalkyl,
carboxyalkyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl or aminylcarbonyl, and R4b joins with R3b to
form a
carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
In some embodiments, H is pyrrolidinyl or pyridinyl.
In other embodiments, the compound has one of the following structures
(Ma) or (Mb):
Rd Rc
Rd-;_nNA\^,D, Rd /¨N
Rcc/ <Z
Rd/'T' T
L2
X-L2
R2c R2c
R26_ R26_
R2a Ri N R R2a µRi N R
or
(IBa) (IBb)
wherein Rd is, at each occurrence, independently H, halo or hydroxyl, and p3
is an
integer from 0 to 3.
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In still different embodiments, the compound has one of the following
structures (Mc), (IBd), (Me) or (MO:
cv , Rd
R3b G2 R4b
X
0 Rd ny'D
R3a Gi R4a
i
L2 L2 L2
X-
X-
X-
R26 R26 R2b
l
101 n E E e I n le I n E
R1 N R R1 N R R1 N R
Rza . Rza Rza
or
,
(Mc) (IC a) (Me)
,Rc
Rd /¨N "D
(A cZ
Rd T
L2
x-
R2b
0 1 n E
W N R
Rza
(IBf)
In some of the foregoing embodiments, X is ¨NH-. In some of other the
foregoing embodiments, X is ¨0-.
In still other embodiments, B has one of the following structures:
µ3i-NQ--OH '3i=N)::¨F - '= QN---/ '''' N--1(
NH,
3
P3 P3 = P3 = P =
,
H H
H 1 H
P3 = P3 = P3P3 .
or
In other embodiments, B is -X-L2-1e, and the compound has the
following structure (ID):
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x)\r
Ra
'4
R2c
R26_ I
R2a R1 N R
(ID)
wherein p3 is an integer from 0 to 3.
In embodiments of the foregoing, le is, -(C=0)0H, -(C=0)NH2
or -(C=0)NHOH.
In still different embodiments, the compound has the following structure
(IDa):
Rao,
R2b
R 10 n E
1
N R
R2a
=
(IDa)
In some embodiments of compounds (ID) or (IDa) Xis ¨NH-. In some
other embodiments of compounds (ID) or (IDa) X is ¨0-.
In some of the foregoing embodiments, B is alkyl, for example in some
embodiments the alkyl is substituted with -(C=0)0H, -(C=0)NH2 or -(C=0)NHOH.
In other different embodiments, B is heteroarylalkyl. In some of these
embodiments, the heteroarylalkyl is pyrrolidinylalkyl or pyridinylalkyl.
In still other embodiments, B is oxo. In other embodiments, Ll is
heterocyclylene. In further embodiments, B is oxo, and Ll is heterocyclylene.
For
example, in some embodiments the compound has the following structure (IE):
R3b,
,E
0 Cifr¨G2
R2
R4b
R2b
R4a
R" 'R1 N R
(IE)
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wherein:
Gl is CH;
G2 is N or CH;
R3a and R3b are, at each occurrence, independently
H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano, Ci-C6 alkyl, Ci-C6 haloalkyl, Ci-C6
haloalkoxy, C2-
C6 alkynyl, hydroxylalkly, alkoxyalkyl, aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl,
cyanoalkyl,
carboxyalkyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl or aminylcarbonyl; or R3a and R3b join to
form oxo,
a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; or R3a is H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo,
cyano, Ci-C6
alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkynyl, hydroxylalkly,
alkoxyalkyl,
aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl
or
aminylcarbonyl, and R3b joins with R4b to form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic
ring;
R4a and R4b are, at each occurrence, independently
H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano, Ci-C6 alkyl, Ci-C6 haloalkyl, Ci-C6
haloalkoxy, C2-
C6 alkynyl, hydroxylalkly, alkoxyalkyl, aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl,
cyanoalkyl,
carboxyalkyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl or aminylcarbonyl; or R4a and R4b join to
form oxo,
a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; or R4a is H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo,
cyano, Ci-C6
alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkynyl, hydroxylalkly,
alkoxyalkyl,
aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl
or
aminylcarbonyl, and R4b joins with R3b to form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic
ring; and
ml and m2 are each independently 1, 2 or 3.
In other embodiments of the compound of structure (IE):
R3a and R3b are, at each occurrence, independently
H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano, Ci-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, hydroxylalkly,
alkoxyalkyl, aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carboxyalkyl,
aminylcarbonylalkyl or aminylcarbonyl; or R3a and R3b join to form a
carbocyclic or
heterocyclic ring; or R3a is H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano, Ci-C6 alkyl, C2-
C6
alkynyl, hydroxylalkly, alkoxyalkyl, aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl,
cyanoalkyl,
carboxyalkyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl or aminylcarbonyl, and R3b joins with R4b to
form a
carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
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R4a and R4b are, at each occurrence, independently
H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, hydroxylalkly,
alkoxyalkyl, aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carboxyalkyl,
aminylcarbonylalkyl or aminylcarbonyl; or R4a and R4b join to form a
carbocyclic or
heterocyclic ring; or R4a is H, -OH, -NEI2, -CO2H, halo, cyano, Ci-C6 alkyl,
C2-C6
alkynyl, hydroxylalkly, alkoxyalkyl, aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl,
cyanoalkyl,
carboxyalkyl, aminylcarbonylalkyl or aminylcarbonyl, and R4b joins with R3b to
form a
carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
In other embodiments, the compound has one of the following structures
(IEa), (IEb), (IEc) or (IEd):
E
N E
2c ,
o I\IE
o o ,c)14
R2c\tL R2c R\L
N
R2b1::" 1 1N
R2b_ I 1 R2bf NI
R2a
\ \ 1:7I , \...-.., <,=,..A..õ siRi N R . R2a
sRi N R . R2a Ri N R
or
,
(IEa) (IEb) (IEc)
E
Dc o
2 ji-y
- .)LN
R2b 1
1:,y, \........, ..;========L
R2a sRi N R
=
(IEd)
In some different embodiments, the compound has one of the following
structures (IEe), (IEf), (IEg), (IEh); (IEi) of (IEj):
E
, tR3b,, N ,E
0
R`U,M` ,E N
Ci¨G2 0 0
R2b ,G1,LA m1 0 R2b R2b
1
I 101 I
1 .......,1, 4a
W N RR R1 N R R1 N R
R2a R2a R2a .
;
(IEe) (IEf) (IEg)
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0,E
R2b R2b
101 101
R1 N R R1 N R
R2a R2a
(IEh) (IEi)
,E
0 ):¨.11,E
0 ):T
R1 R2b
101 101
R2b N R R1 N R
R2a R2a
or =
(IEj ) (IEk)
In some different embodiments, the compound has the following
structure (IE1):
R2b ,E
R2c C.11\1
11
R1 N R
R2a
=
(IE1)
Without wishing to be bound by theory, Applicants believe correct
selection of the le substituent may play a part in the compounds' inhibitory
activity
(e.g., against KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C). In some embodiments, le is aryl or
heterocyclyl (e.g., heteroaryl or aliphatic heterocyclyl), each of which is
optionally
substituted with one or more substituents. In some other embodiments, le is
aryl or
heteroaryl. In some embodiments, le is capable of reversible interaction with
KRAS,
HRAS or NRAS G12C mutant protein. In some embodiments has high affinity
towards KRAS, HRAS or NRAS and is highly specific towards G12C KRAS, HRAS or
NRAS. In some embodiments le is capable of hydrophobic interaction with KRAS,
HRAS or NRAS G12C. In some embodiments le is able to form hydrogen bonds with
various residues of G12C KRAS, HRAS or NRAS protein.
In any of the foregoing embodiments, is aryl. For example in some
embodiments is phenyl, and in other embodiments le is naphthyl. le is
substituted
or unsubstituted. In some specific embodiments, le is substituted with one or
more
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substituents. In some embodiments, le is substituted with halo, amino,
hydroxyl, Ci-C6
alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, cyano, Ci-C6 haloalkyl, Ci-C6 alkoxy,
alkylaminyl,
cycloalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylalkoxy, heterocyclylaminyl,
cycloalkylaminyl, aryl, heteroaryl, phosphate, phosphoalkoxy, boronic acid,
boronic
acid ester, -0C(=0)R or Ci-C6 alkylcarbonyloxy, or combinations thereof,
wherein R is
Ci-C6 alkyl. For example, in some embodiments le is substituted with halo,
amino,
hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, cyano, Ci-C6 haloalkyl, Ci-C6 alkoxy, alkylaminyl,
cycloalkyl,
heterocyclylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, phosphate, phosphoalkoxy, boronic acid,
boronic
acid ester, -0C(=0)R or Ci-C6 alkylcarbonyloxy, or combinations thereof,
wherein R is
Ci-C6 alky. In other embodiments, le is substituted with halo, hydroxyl, C1-C6
alkyl,
Ci-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy or C1-C6 alkylcarbonyloxy, or combinations
thereof. In
different embodiments, R1 is substituted with fluor , chloro, cyclopropyl,
cyclobutyl,
hydroxyl, amino, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, trifluoromethyl or methoxy, or
combinations
thereof. In some even more embodiments, R1 is substituted with fluoro,
hydroxyl,
methyl, isopropyl, trifluoromethyl or methoxy, or combinations thereof.
In some more specific embodiments, R1 has one of the following
structures:
F HO 4012.µ
OH
HO isV HO
csss,
CI; ; OH ; F or , for example:
F HO s
140 OH or
In some different embodiments of the foregoing compounds, R1 is
heteroaryl, for example a heteroaryl comprising nitrogen. In other
embodiments, R1 is
indazolyl or quinolinyl. In more embodiments, R1 isheteroaryl which is
substituted
with one or more substituents. For example, in certain embodiments, R1
issubstituted
with hydroxyl or C1-C6 alkyl, or both.
In some other embodiments, R1 has one of the following structures:
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N-NH
N---NH!V_ N=--N
HNI HN HN
=F; or
HN \;
, for example:
N¨NH
N-NH
HN1
-22µ
.21 12µ
or F
In some of the foregoing embodiments R2c is H. In other of any of the
foregoing embodiments, R2a and R2b are each halo. For example, in some
embodiments
R2a is fluoro, and in other embodiments, R2b is chloro.
In other embodiments, R2a and R2b are each independently halo,
haloalkyl, alkyl, amino, hydroxyl or alkoxy. In other embodiments, R2a and R2b
are
each independently halo, haloalkyl, alkyl or alkoxy. In some embodiments, R2a
is
fluoro, chloro, CF3 or methoxy. In some embodiments, R2a is fluoro, chloro or
methoxy. In different embodiments, R2b is chloro, fluoro, amino, hydroxyl or
CF3. In
still other different embodiments, R2b is chloro, fluoro or CF3.
In some more specific embodiments, the compounds have the following
structure (IF):
R2b L1'
le I
R1 N R
Rza
(IT)
For example, in even further different embodiments, the compounds
have one of the following structures (IFa) or (IFb):
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CI
CI L1'
''-sior I
I
R1 N R
1101 N R
or
(IFa) (IFb)
In any of the foregoing embodiments, R is H.
In some other of the foregoing embodiments, = is a single bond such
that all valences are satisfied. In other different embodiments, = is a double
bond such
that all valences are satisfied.
In some embodiments, A is N. In other embodiments, A is C.
The structure of E in all of the embodiments described herein is not
particularly limited provided it is capable of forming a covalent bond with a
nucleophile, such as the cysteine residue at position 12 of a KRAS, HRAS or
NRAS
G12C mutant protein. Accordingly, E moieties which are capable of reaction
with (e.g.,
by covalent bond formation) a nucleophile are preferred. In certain
embodiments, E is
capable of reacting in a conjugate addition manner (e.g., 1,4-conjugate
addition) with an
appropriately reactive nucleophile. In some embodiments, E comprises
conjugated pi
bonds such that delocalization of electrons results in at least one atom
(e.g., a carbon
atom) having a positive charge, partial positive charge or a polarized bond.
In other
embodiments, E comprises one or more bonds wherein the electronegativity of
the two
atoms forming the bonds is sufficiently different such that a partial positive
charge (e.g.,
by polarization of the bond) resides on one of the atoms, for example on a
carbon atom.
E moieties comprising carbon-halogen bonds, carbon-oxygen bonds or carbon
bonds to
various leaving groups known in the art are examples of such E moieties.
Accordingly, in any of the foregoing embodiments, E has the following
structure:
;z2z,,C)Rio
R9
wherein:
Q is ¨C(=0)-, -C(=Nle)-, ¨NR8C(=0)-, ¨S(=0)2- or ¨ NR8S(=0)2-;
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R8 is H, Ci-C6alkyl or hydroxylalkyl;
R8' is H, -OH, -CN or Ci-C6alkyl; and
R9 and R1- are each independently H, halo, cyano, carboxyl, C1-C6 alkyl,
alkoxycarbonyl, aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl,
heterocyclylalkyl,
heteroaryl or hydroxylalkyl, or R9 and le join to form a carbocyclic,
heterocyclic or
heteroaryl ring.
In still other of any of the foregoing embodiments, E has the following
structure:
wherein:
Q is ¨C(=0)-, ¨NR8C(=0)-, ¨S(=0)2- or ¨ NR8S(=0)2-;
R8 is H, Ci-C6alkyl or hydroxylalkyl; and
Rm is H, Ci-C6alkyl, aminylalkyl, alkylaminylalkyl or hydroxylalkyl.
The Q moiety is typically selected to optimize the reactivity (i.e.,
electrophilicity) of E. In some of the foregoing embodiments Q is ¨C(=0)-,¨
NR8C(=0)-,
or ¨ NR8S(=0)2-. In certain of the foregoing embodiments, Q is ¨C(=0)-. In
other embodiments, Q is ¨S(=0)2-. In still more embodiments, Q is -NR8C(=0)-.
In
still more different embodiments, Q is ¨ NR8S(=0)2-.
In some other of the foregoing embodiments, Q is -C(=NR8')-, wherein
R8' is H, -OH, -CN or Ci-C6alkyl. For example, in some embodiments R8' is H.
In
other embodiments, R8' is ¨CN. In other embodiments, R8' is ¨OH.
In some of the foregoing embodiments, R8 is H. In other of these
embodiments, R8 is hydroxylalkyl, for example in some embodiments the
hydroxylalkyl
is 2-hydroxylalkyl.
In some of any one of the foregoing embodiments, at least one of R9 or
Rm is H. For example, in some embodiments each of R9 and Rm are H.
In other of the foregoing embodiments, Rm is alkylaminylalkyl. In some
of these embodiments, Rm has the following structure:
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I
In other embodiments, Rm is hydroxylalkyl, such as 2-hydroxylalkyl.
In some other different embodiments of the foregoing embodiments, R9
and Rm join to form a carbocyclic ring. For example, in some of these
embodiments the
carbocyclic ring is a cyclopentene, cyclohexene or phenyl ring. In other
embodiments,
the carbocyclic ring is a cyclopentene or cyclohexene ring. In other
embodiments, the
carbocyclic ring is a phenyl ring, for example a phenyl ring having the
following
structure:
A'\1
=
In some of any of the foregoing embodiments E is an electrophile
capable of bonding with a KRAS, HRAS or NRAS protein comprising G12C mutation.
In some embodiments, the electrophile E is capable of forming an irreversible
covalent
bond with a G12C mutant KRAS, HRAS or NRAS protein. In some cases, the
electrophile E may bind with the cysteine residue at the position 12 of a G12C
mutant
KRAS, HRAS or NRAS protein. In various embodiments of any of the foregoing, E
has one of the following structures:
o 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
; H = kS = '-22z,j
0 0
,CN
NH
N-OH 0 0 CN
F
A.J.y N
CI = A.)! . 2.JN .
0
0 0
0 0
s "2?-j
I
CN
CN CN CN N =
z.r5s 0
0 F -;s5s 0
yCl N Virl OH
HO 1 1 = = = \NN = OH ; 0
42
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0 0
(..õ..--. ---. (:)H LC) 1 Nil 1
NH2
0
11 r I VI r VI r 'c s s Y
-IsN)14'-'-=-=:,,,,..,
0 ; 0 ; 0 ; 0 = H =
0 0 0 0 0
0 0
"=2).7F -,,s!NCI II µj css!1\1)o
. y.zz.F. lz..N7C1 . -
OH. il
N
vir I 0 ,,syl NO 0
'-2,Lj
= 0 ; 0 or.
, .
In some embodiments, E has one of the following structures:
0 D
0 ) z 2 H r L D
CI or D .
In other embodiments of any of the foregoing, E has one of the following
structures:
0
0
0-se 0
õs 0,` 0 0 0 0 kjy \'II-N) -cs'1\1-S "
. ,2i.S. *
H ; H = CN CN NS . .
,
0 0
;rss 0
OH )L0
;csr,1\1(C1 O NI 1
/y OH
)01(1 )ssIr
OH; 0 ; 0 ; 0 ;
0
I I 0
0
)5s1r
= H -- = or .
In different embodiments, E has one of the following structures:
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;rss 0
V 0
1\1)
0 = 0 0 0 ;ss=sNrCI
" 0 0
* . .
0 Al 0 0
OH ; 0 = H ¨` or
In some cases E has one of the following structures:
R8
;ssc-
Rio Rio õ- 0 Rlo
148 R9 R9 0 R9
R9 =
0 0
H io
R a or R1 Oa
wherein:
R8 is H or Ci-C6alkyl;
R9 is H, cyano or Ci-C6alkyl, or R9 joins with Rm to form a carbocycle;
Rm is H or Ci-C6alkyl or le joins with R9 to form a carbocycle and
R1 ' is H or Ci-C6alkyl.
0
In some embodiments E is H . In some
embodiments E is
0 0
0
- In some embodiments E is H
In certain embodiments, R3a and R3b are, at each occurrence,
independently H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano, hydroxylalkly, aminylalkyl,
cyanoalkyl, carboxyalkyl or aminylcarbonyl, and R4a and R4b are, at each
occurrence,
independently H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano, hydroxylalkly, aminylalkyl,
cyanoalkyl, carboxyalkyl or aminylcarbonyl.
In other of the foregoing embodiments, R3a and R4a are, at each
occurrence, independently H, -OH, hydroxylalkly, cyano, or aminylcarbonyl and
R3b
and R4b are H.
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In certain other embodiments, R3a and R4a are H and R3b and R4b are, at
each occurrence, independently H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano,
hydroxylalkly,
aminylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carboxyalkyl or aminylcarbonyl.
In any of the foregoing embodiments, at least one of R3a, R3b, R4a or R4b
is H. In some embodiments, each of R3a, R3b, R4a and R4b are H.
In other of the foregoing embodiments, R3a and R4a are, at each
occurrence, independently H or Ci-C6 alkyl, provided at least one of R3a or
R4a is C1-C6
alkyl. In some embodiments, at least one of R3a, R4a,
R3b and R4b is independently Ci-
C6 alkyl, such as methyl. In some embodiments, one occurrence of R3a is Ci-C6
alkyl,
such as methyl, and the remaining R3a and each R4a is H. In some other
embodiments,
two occurrences of R3a are Ci-C6 alkyl, such as methyl, and the remaining R3a
and each
R4a is H. In some other embodiments, one occurrence of R3a and one occurrence
of R4a
is independently Ci-C6 alkyl, such as methyl, and the remaining R3a and R4a
are each H.
In some embodiments, R3a is -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano,
hydroxylalkly, aminylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carboxyalkyl or aminylcarbonyl, and
R3b, R4a
and R4b are H.
In other embodiments, R4a is -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano,
hydroxylalkly, aminylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carboxyalkyl or aminylcarbonyl, and
R3a, R3b
and R4b are H.
In other embodiments, R3a is H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano,
hydroxylalkly, aminylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carboxyalkyl or aminylcarbonyl, and
R3b joins
with R4b to form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
In still more embodiments, R4a is H, -OH, -NH2, -CO2H, halo, cyano,
hydroxylalkly, aminylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carboxyalkyl or aminylcarbonyl, and
R4b joins
with R3b to form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.
In other embodiments, R3a and R3b join to form a carbocyclic or
heterocyclic ring. In other embodiments, R4a and R4b join to form a
carbocyclic or
heterocyclic ring.
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In still other embodiments, R3a or R4a is aminylcarbonyl. For example,
0
)z,JL
in certain embodiments, the aminylcarbonyl is NH2.
In other embodiments, R3a or
R4a is cyano. In other embodiments, R3a or R4a is -OH. In other embodiments,
R3a or
R4a is hydroxylalkyl, for example hydroxylmethyl.
In some embodiments of any of the foregoing compounds, le is aryl or
heteroaryl and R2a, R2b and R2c are independently selected from H and halo,
for
example in some further embodiments Rl is aryl or heteroaryl and R2a and R2b
are
independently selected from halo, such as chloro and fluoro, and R2c is H. In
some
embodiments, Rl is aryl or heteroaryl, R2a is chloro, R2b is fluoro and R2c is
H. In other
embodiments Rl is aryl or heteroaryl, one of R2a or R2b is halo, such as
chloro or fluoro,
and the other one of R2a or R2b is H.
In some embodiments ml is 1. In other embodiments is 2.
In still
more embodiments, is 3. In different embodiments, m2 is 1. In some other
embodiments, m2 is 2. In yet still more embodiments, m2 is 3.
In some other particular embodiments of any of the foregoing
compounds, is 1, and m2 isl. In other embodiments, ml is 1 and, m2 is
2. In still
other embodiments ml is 2, and m2 is 2. In more embodiments, ml is 1, and m2
is 3.
Some embodiments of the compounds include more than one
stereoisomer. Other embodiments are directed to a single stereoisomer. In some
embodiments the compounds are racemic (e.g., mixture of atropisomers), while
in other
embodiments the compounds are substantially a single isomer, for example a
substantially purified atropisomer.
In various different embodiments, the compound has one of the
structures set forth in Table 1 below. The compounds in Table 1 were each
prepared
and analyzed by mass spectrometry and/or lEINMR. Experimental mass
spectrometry
data is included in Table 1. Exemplary synthetic procedures are described in
more
detail below and in the Examples. General methods by which the compounds may
be
prepared are provided below and indicated in Table 1.
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Table 1
Representative Compounds
No. Structure Name Method
[M+H]+
cD 3-(1-
N acryloylpiperidin-
0 3-y1)-6-chloro-8-
1 CI
F 0 N fluoro-7-(2-fluoro- A 446.25
6-
0 F N hydroxyphenyl)qui
OH nazolin-4(3H)-one
H N-(3-(6-chloro-8-
0 j-jr N 0 fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-
2
F CI . N 6-hydroxypheny1)-
4-oxoquinazolin- B 432.05
40 OH 3(4H)-
F N yl)cyclobutyl)acryl
amide
()
N acetylpiperazin-1-
CJy1)-6-chloro-8-
N fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-
3 H C 487.15
F ' . N 0 6-
hydroxyphenyl)qui
....- .....;,-
0 OHF N nolin-3-
yl)acrylamide
0 3-(1-
O N )c acryloylazetidin-3 -
F CI i& N L./ y1)-6-chloro-8-
4 fluoro-7-(2-fluoro- A 418.05
6 IF N 6-
hydroxyphenyl)qui
OH nazolin-4(3H)-one
0
O f.ii\i)= 3-(1-
F N
acryloylazetidin-3-
0
N y1)-7-(2-fluoro-6- A 366.15
hydroxyphenyl)qui
0 nazolin-4(3H)-one
OH
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No. Structure Name Method
[M+H]+
0 3-(1-
Cl N
O C.j1\1)- acryl oyl azeti din-3 -
y1)-6-chl oro-7-(2-
HO 0 chloro-5- A 434.2
6
hydroxypheny1)-8-
fluoroquinazolin-
IW F N
CI 4(3H)-one
0
3-(1-
Cl
O LiN1)%
acryl oyl azeti din-3 -
0 y1)-6-chl oro-8-
7 HO fluoro-7-
(3- A 450.3
4010 F N
hydroxynaphthale
n-l-yl)quinazolin-
4(3H)-one
3-(1-
0 acryl oyl azeti din-3 -
0 )- y1)-6-chl oro-8-
a Cr\I
fluoro-7-(6-
8 N-NH 0 N i A 438.2
/
methyl-1H-
ON F indazol-7-
yl)quinazolin-
4(3H)-one
0
0 OH , 3-(1-
u C../N1 acryl oyl azeti din-3 -
9
Si N\I y1)-8-fluoro-6-(2- A
hydroxyphenyl)qui 366.1
nazolin-4(3H)-one
F
0
3-(1-
F
O C../N1)% acryl oyl azeti din-3 -
el
N y1)-8-chl oro-6-
HO
Os
N fluoro-7-(3- A 450.1 CI hydroxynaphthale
n-l-yl)quinazolin-
4(3H)-one
0 3-(1-
F N
O cir\i)'j acryl oyl azeti din-3-
0 y1)-6-fluoro-7-(3-
11 HO
N hydroxynaphthale
n-l-y1)-8- A -
10 CF3 (trifluoromethyl)q
uinazolin-4(3H)-
one
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No. Structure Name Method
[M+H]+
0
3- 1-
H2N
O acryl oyl Leti din-3 -
elN2----/ y1)-6-amino-8-
12 HO leo ci
N chl oro-7-(3 -
A 447.1
hydroxynaphthale
n-1-yl)quinazolin-
4(3H)-one
0
3-(1-
HO
O Cil\l).
acryl oyl azeti din-3 -
el y1)-8-chl oro-6-
13 HO hydroxy-7-(3- A
-
N hydroxynaphthale
I% CI n-1-yl)quinazolin-
4(3H)-one
0
3-(1-
OH 0 C.INI)
N
acryl oyl azeti din-3 -
14 HO is
y1)-8-chloro-5-
hydroxy-7-(3- A 448.1
N hydroxynaphthale
n-1-yl)quinazolin-
4(3H)-one
0 3-(1-
Cl
O LN)- acryl oyl azeti din-3 -
y1)-6-chl oro-8-
HOIW
15 N fluoro-7-(2-fluoro- A -
1 el 5-
N
hydroxyphenyl)qui
F
F nazolin-4(3H)-one
0
O )- 3-(1-
F N LIN acryl oyl azeti din-3 -
y1)-6,8-difluoro-7-
16 H O 40 1401F N (3- A 434.15
hydroxynaphthale
1.1 n-l-yl)quinazolin-
4(3H)-one
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No. Structure Name
Method [M+H]+
0
0
341-
N
acryloylazetidin-3-
17 HO 40 N
A 398.1
hydroxynaphthale
n-1-yl)quinazolin-
4(3H)-one
It is understood that in the present description, combinations of
substituents and/or variables of the depicted formulae are permissible only if
such
contributions result in stable compounds.
Furthermore, all compounds of the invention which exist in free base or
acid form can be converted to their pharmaceutically acceptable salts by
treatment with
the appropriate inorganic or organic base or acid by methods known to one
skilled in
the art. Salts of the compounds of the invention can be converted to their
free base or
acid form by standard techniques.
The following General Reaction Schemes illustrate exemplary methods
of making compounds of compounds of structure (I):
R2
E
R2b_-1 L
R2a 1Ri N R
(I)
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer or prodrug thereof,
wherein R,
R2a, R2b, R2c, A, B, Ll and E are as defined herein. It is understood that one
skilled in
the art may be able to make these compounds by similar methods or by combining
other
methods known to one skilled in the art. It is also understood that one
skilled in the art
would be able to make, in a similar manner as described below, other compounds
of
structure (I) not specifically illustrated below by using the appropriate
starting
components and modifying the parameters of the synthesis as needed. In
general,
starting components may be obtained from sources such as Sigma Aldrich,
Lancaster
Synthesis, Inc., Maybridge, Matrix Scientific, TCI, and Fluorochem USA, etc.
or
CA 02993013 2018-01-18
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synthesized according to sources known to those skilled in the art (see, for
example,
Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure, 5th edition
(Wiley, December 2000)) or prepared as described in this invention.
General Reaction Scheme 1
(21(21
(21 R2c
R2cv,... õA
R2\
)J
R2b ri "..- OH R1B(OH)2 )LOH HCONH2 Rzb
2b_
i\NH Suzuki coup R
ling or Formamidine acetate, Et0H
R2ay R1 N
R2a Br 2 R2a/ ----- R1 NH2 or Trimethyl Orthoformate,
NH40Ac, Me0H A-3
A-1 A-2
R3b R3b
R3aR3mb2,Boc RZ-112,Boc 7.0,-112
N
mi
H2N R4b
R2c 0 N
mi
R4b R2c 0 NH
mi
R4b
N
R2b7,. , 2b IC\ .--*--
R ¨H _IN R4a
R4a j R4a TFA/DCM ../1,-..
_________________ ..- /.\^
R2a R1 N R2a Ri N
HATU, DBU,
CH3CN, rt. A-4 A-5
0
R3b
: Q
Rio-YLCI R3Z
0 10
R9 R2c R9
_________________________________ ..-
R2b_"AN R4b
or 0 Li , _1 R4a
/`= N
Rio -..".,.1.-AOH R2a R
A-6
R9
or
`',..,
Cl µ)-,
,..,
Embodiments of the compound of structure (I) (e.g., compound A-6) can
be prepared according to General Reaction Scheme 1 ("Method A"), wherein RI-,
R2a,
R2b, R2c, R3a, R3b, R4a, R4b, R9, R10, Q, ml and m2
are as defined herein. Referring to
General Reaction Scheme 1, compounds of structure A-1 are purchased from
commercial sources or prepared according to techniques known in the art. The
desired
R' substituent added to A-1 by way of Suzuki coupling to yield A-2.
Cyclization of A-
2 with a reagent such as forrnamidine acetate provides quinazolinone A-3.
Treatment
of A-3 with an appropriately substituted cyclic group and an activating agent,
such as
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HATU, provides A-4 which can then be deprotected by treatment with acid. The
"E"
moiety is then installed under conditions known in the art to yield A-6.
General Reaction Scheme 2
R3a R3mb 2R3b H
R2
0 R3yrliN,
Boc Boc
c, _ L m1 0
R2c mi
R2b
(NH H2N Rai)
).LN
R4a R2b
R2a RI I I R4b
g/NiV > K 1 H Y\ , j R4a TFA/DCM
__________________________________ II .
HATU, DBU, R2a R> I I Ki I
A-3 CH3CN, rt. B-1
0
R9
R3b H
Rio-k).....-A-CI
iv.1...., Rio
R3aR3mb 2
0 )4_;ic N H2 R9 0
R2 c\,...L ml _____________ ) R2cµ _ L
R2b\N R4a mR41b 0
R2b 11- N Rib or 0
H , _ I R4a gA%\''
R2a
Y \1 N Rio----YLOH Rza R1 N
B-3
B-2 R9
Embodiments of the compound of structure (I) (e.g., compound B-3) can
be prepared according to General Reaction Scheme 2 ("Method B"), wherein le,
R2a,
R2b, R2c, R3a, R3b, R4a, R4b, R9, R10, ml and m2
are as defined herein. Referring to
General Reaction Scheme 2, compounds of structure A-3 are prepared as
described in
General Scheme 1. Treatment of A-3 with an appropriately substituted cyclic
group
and an activating agent, such as HATU, provides B-1. B-1 is deprotected and
the "E"
moiety installed to yield B-3 in a manner analogous to that described above
with regard
to General Reaction Scheme 1.
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General Reaction Scheme 3
o o
õ1õ...}..õ c
Et0 I OEt R2r\ 0 OH 0
R2c Feb 14./
R2c
^ ____________________ OEt
R24 ai\ N(OEt Ph20, 250 C r,\)L0Et
... R2b _
1". R2 Br H
R-a
9 Q/B r NH2 120 C 00 EtR_ 2 N
a
Br
C-1 C-2
Boc C-3
n., 1 ,
N ."Fetb
CI 0 a R3b
Rz X X
a N Rzta
c )t)__ ,
r\LOEt R3m2Boc R3 N 0
POCI3, DIEA Rzb HN-41 N =4 Rzc 4b rA
(O
H)2
Rzb R1B1-1)2
R_2 a Br 094a _______________________________
)..
,..
2 N
C-4 Base R_a
Br
Suzuki
R, Bac,Rc C-5
N RC
X X
R3a N Rzta N ."Fetb n., 1 ,
X X R31)." ."
R3a N Rzta N Fetb X X
0
0 R3a N R4a
R2c\ _,..
Rc NH2
R21){\L A R2c\)( 2
0Et _,
Rzb Rzb
N
R_2 a R1
R_2 Q/' = N N
a R1 R_2 a R1
C-6
C-7 C-8
c), Rc ,
N .'= R4b
R_;X X
N R4 a R9
R2c
\ H
N R1()
_... Rr
2b
CI
R2 R1N
C-9
Embodiments of the compound of structure (I) (e.g., compound C-9) can
be prepared according to General Reaction Scheme 3 ("Method C"), wherein le,
R2a,
R2b, R2c, R3a, R3b, R4a, R4b, R9, R10, ml and m2
are as defined herein. Referring to
General Reaction Scheme 3, compounds of structure C-1 are purchased from
commercial sources or prepared according to methods known in the art. C-1 is
reacted
with diethyl 2-(ethoxymethylene)malonate to yield C-2. C-2 can then be
cyclized by
heating in an appropriate high-boiling solvent (e.g., Ph20) to yield quinolone
C-3.
Chlorination of C-3 yields C-4 which is reacted with an appropriate
heterocyclic moiety
to yield C-5. The desired le moiety is installed using Suzuki chemistry as
described
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above. The protecting group of C-6 is removed, and the free amine is
optionally
functionalized to yield C-7. Saponification of C-7 followed by decarboxylation
and
amination yields C-8. C-8 is then treated in a manner analogous to that
described for
Method A to yield C-9.
Additional general synthetic methods are provided in the Examples. It
will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that all compounds of
structure (I) can
be prepared according to one or more of the methods described herein or
otherwise
known in the art. It will also be apparent that in some instances it will be
necessary to
use a differently substituted starting material and/or protecting groups to
arrive at the
desired compound when following the general procedures described herein.
Various
substituents may also be added at various points in the synthetic scheme to
prepare the
desired compound.
Further, one skilled in the art will recognize that certain modifications to
the above schemes and those provided in the examples are possible to prepare
different
embodiments of compounds of structure (I). For example, for ease of
illustration the
General Reaction Schemes above depict preparation of compounds of structure
(I)
wherein R2a, R2b and R2c are present in the starting material. However, it
will be
apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that these sub stituents may be
added at any
point during the synthetic scheme or obtained by using differently substituted
starting
materials and/or adding the desired substituent using methods known in the
art.
It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the processes
for preparing the compounds described herein the functional groups of
intermediate
compounds may need to be protected by suitable protecting groups. Such
functional
groups include, but are not limited to, hydroxy, amino, mercapto and
carboxylic acid.
Suitable protecting groups for hydroxy include trialkylsilyl or
diarylalkylsilyl (for
example, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl or trimethylsilyl),
tetrahydropyranyl,
benzyl, and the like. Suitable protecting groups for amino, amidino and
guanidino
include t-butoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, and the like. Suitable protecting
groups
for mercapto include -C(0)-R" (where R" is alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl), p-
methoxybenzyl,
trityl and the like. Suitable protecting groups for carboxylic acid include
alkyl, aryl or
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arylalkyl esters. Protecting groups are optionally added or removed in
accordance with
standard techniques, which are known to one skilled in the art and as
described herein.
The use of protecting groups is described in detail in Green, T.W. and P.G.M.
Wutz,
Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (1999), 3rd Ed., Wiley. As one of skill
in the
art would appreciate, the protecting group may also be a polymer resin such as
a Wang
resin, Rink resin or a 2-chlorotrityl-chloride resin.
It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art, although such
protected derivatives of compounds of this invention may not possess
pharmacological
activity as such, they may be administered to a mammal and thereafter
metabolized in
the body to form compounds of the invention which are pharmacologically
active. Such
derivatives may therefore be described as "prodrugs". All prodrugs of
compounds of
this invention are included within the scope of the invention.
Pharmaceutical Compositions
Other embodiments are directed to pharmaceutical compositions. The
pharmaceutical composition comprises any one (or more) of the foregoing
compounds
and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the
pharmaceutical
composition is formulated for oral administration. In other embodiments, the
pharmaceutical composition is formulated for injection. In still more
embodiments, the
pharmaceutical compositions comprise a compound as disclosed herein and an
additional therapeutic agent (e.g., anticancer agent). Non-limiting examples
of such
therapeutic agents are described herein below.
Suitable routes of administration include, but are not limited to, oral,
intravenous, rectal, aerosol, parenteral, ophthalmic, pulmonary, transmucosal,
transdermal, vaginal, otic, nasal, and topical administration. In addition, by
way of
example only, parenteral delivery includes intramuscular, subcutaneous,
intravenous,
intramedullary injections, as well as intrathecal, direct intraventricular,
intraperitoneal,
intralymphatic, and intranasal injections.
In certain embodiments, a compound as described herein is administered
in a local rather than systemic manner, for example, via injection of the
compound
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directly into an organ, often in a depot preparation or sustained release
formulation. In
specific embodiments, long acting formulations are administered by
implantation (for
example subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection.
Furthermore, in other embodiments, the drug is delivered in a targeted drug
delivery
system, for example, in a liposome coated with organ-specific antibody. In
such
embodiments, the liposomes are targeted to and taken up selectively by the
organ. In
yet other embodiments, the compound as described herein is provided in the
form of a
rapid release formulation, in the form of an extended release formulation, or
in the form
of an intermediate release formulation. In yet other embodiments, the compound
described herein is administered topically.
The compounds according to the invention are effective over a wide
dosage range. For example, in the treatment of adult humans, dosages from 0.01
to
1000 mg, from 0.5 to 100 mg, from 1 to 50 mg per day, and from 5 to 40 mg per
day
are examples of dosages that are used in some embodiments. An exemplary dosage
is
10 to 30 mg per day. The exact dosage will depend upon the route of
administration,
the form in which the compound is administered, the subject to be treated, the
body
weight of the subject to be treated, and the preference and experience of the
attending
physician.
In some embodiments, a compound of the invention is administered in a
single dose. Typically, such administration will be by injection, e.g.,
intravenous
injection, in order to introduce the agent quickly. However, other routes are
used as
appropriate. A single dose of a compound of the invention may also be used for
treatment of an acute condition.
In some embodiments, a compound of the invention is administered in
multiple doses. In some embodiments, dosing is about once, twice, three times,
four
times, five times, six times, or more than six times per day. In other
embodiments,
dosing is about once a month, once every two weeks, once a week, or once every
other
day. In another embodiment a compound of the invention and another agent are
administered together about once per day to about 6 times per day. In another
embodiment the administration of a compound of the invention and an agent
continues
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for less than about 7 days. In yet another embodiment the administration
continues for
more than about 6, 10, 14, 28 days, two months, six months, or one year. In
some
cases, continuous dosing is achieved and maintained as long as necessary.
Administration of the compounds of the invention may continue as long
as necessary. In some embodiments, a compound of the invention is administered
for
more than 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, or 28 days. In some embodiments, a compound
of the
invention is administered for less than 28, 14, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 day. In
some
embodiments, a compound of the invention is administered chronically on an
ongoing
basis, e.g., for the treatment of chronic effects.
In some embodiments, the compounds of the invention are administered
in dosages. It is known in the art that due to intersubject variability in
compound
pharmacokinetics, individualization of dosing regimen is necessary for optimal
therapy.
Dosing for a compound of the invention may be found by routine experimentation
in
light of the instant disclosure.
In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are formulated
into pharmaceutical compositions. In specific embodiments, pharmaceutical
compositions are formulated in a conventional manner using one or more
physiologically acceptable carriers comprising excipients and auxiliaries
which
facilitate processing of the active compounds into preparations which can be
used
pharmaceutically. Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of
administration
chosen. Any pharmaceutically acceptable techniques, carriers, and excipients
are used
as suitable to formulate the pharmaceutical compositions described herein:
Remington:
The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Nineteenth Ed (Easton, Pa.: Mack
Publishing
Company, 1995); Hoover, John E., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack
Publishing Co., Easton, Pennsylvania 1975; Liberman, H.A. and Lachman, L.,
Eds.,
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Marcel Decker, New York, N.Y., 1980; and
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, Seventh Ed. (Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins1999).
Provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a
compound of structure (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent(s),
excipient(s), or
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carrier(s). In certain embodiments, the compounds described are administered
as
pharmaceutical compositions in which compounds of structure (I) are mixed with
other
active ingredients, as in combination therapy. Encompassed herein are all
combinations
of actives set forth in the combination therapies section below and throughout
this
disclosure. In specific embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions include
one or
more compounds of structure (I).
A pharmaceutical composition, as used herein, refers to a mixture of a
compound of structure (I) with other chemical components, such as carriers,
stabilizers,
diluents, dispersing agents, suspending agents, thickening agents, and/or
excipients. In
certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition facilitates administration
of the
compound to an organism. In some embodiments, practicing the methods of
treatment
or use provided herein, therapeutically effective amounts of compounds of
structure (I)
provided herein are administered in a pharmaceutical composition to a mammal
having
a disease, disorder or medical condition to be treated. In specific
embodiments, the
mammal is a human. In certain embodiments, therapeutically effective amounts
vary
depending on the severity of the disease, the age and relative health of the
subject, the
potency of the compound used and other factors. The compounds described herein
are
used singly or in combination with one or more therapeutic agents as
components of
mixtures.
In one embodiment, one or more compounds of structure (I) is
formulated in an aqueous solutions. In specific embodiments, the aqueous
solution is
selected from, by way of example only, a physiologically compatible buffer,
such as
Hank's solution, Ringer's solution, or physiological saline buffer. In other
embodiments, one or more compound of structure (I) is/are formulated for
transmucosal
administration. In specific embodiments, transmucosal formulations include
penetrants
that are appropriate to the barrier to be permeated. In still other
embodiments wherein
the compounds described herein are formulated for other parenteral injections,
appropriate formulations include aqueous or nonaqueous solutions. In specific
embodiments, such solutions include physiologically compatible buffers and/or
excipients.
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In another embodiment, compounds described herein are formulated for
oral administration. Compounds described herein are formulated by combining
the
active compounds with, e.g., pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or
excipients. In
various embodiments, the compounds described herein are formulated in oral
dosage
forms that include, by way of example only, tablets, powders, pills, dragees,
capsules,
liquids, gels, syrups, elixirs, slurries, suspensions and the like.
In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical preparations for oral use are
obtained by mixing one or more solid excipient with one or more of the
compounds
described herein, optionally grinding the resulting mixture, and processing
the mixture
of granules, after adding suitable auxiliaries, if desired, to obtain tablets
or dragee cores.
Suitable excipients are, in particular, fillers such as sugars, including
lactose, sucrose,
mannitol, or sorbitol; cellulose preparations such as: for example, maize
starch, wheat
starch, rice starch, potato starch, gelatin, gum tragacanth, methylcellulose,
microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium
carboxymethylcellulose; or others such as: polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP or
povidone) or
calcium phosphate. In specific embodiments, disintegrating agents are
optionally
added. Disintegrating agents include, by way of example only, cross-linked
croscarmellose sodium, polyvinylpyrrolidone, agar, or alginic acid or a salt
thereof such
as sodium alginate.
In one embodiment, dosage forms, such as dragee cores and tablets, are
provided with one or more suitable coating. In specific embodiments,
concentrated
sugar solutions are used for coating the dosage form. The sugar solutions,
optionally
contain additional components, such as by way of example only, gum arabic,
talc,
polyvinylpyrrolidone, carbopol gel, polyethylene glycol, and/or titanium
dioxide,
lacquer solutions, and suitable organic solvents or solvent mixtures.
Dyestuffs and/or
pigments are also optionally added to the coatings for identification
purposes.
Additionally, the dyestuffs and/or pigments are optionally utilized to
characterize
different combinations of active compound doses.
In certain embodiments, therapeutically effective amounts of at least one
of the compounds described herein are formulated into other oral dosage forms.
Oral
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dosage forms include push-fit capsules made of gelatin, as well as soft,
sealed capsules
made of gelatin and a plasticizer, such as glycerol or sorbitol. In specific
embodiments,
push-fit capsules contain the active ingredients in admixture with one or more
filler.
Fillers include, by way of example only, lactose, binders such as starches,
and/or
lubricants such as talc or magnesium stearate and, optionally, stabilizers. In
other
embodiments, soft capsules, contain one or more active compound that is
dissolved or
suspended in a suitable liquid. Suitable liquids include, by way of example
only, one or
more fatty oil, liquid paraffin, or liquid polyethylene glycol. In addition,
stabilizers are
optionally added.
In other embodiments, therapeutically effective amounts of at least one
of the compounds described herein are formulated for buccal or sublingual
administration. Formulations suitable for buccal or sublingual administration
include,
by way of example only, tablets, lozenges, or gels. In still other
embodiments, the
compounds described herein are formulated for parental injection, including
formulations suitable for bolus injection or continuous infusion. In specific
embodiments, formulations for injection are presented in unit dosage form
(e.g., in
ampoules) or in multi-dose containers. Preservatives are, optionally, added to
the
injection formulations. In still other embodiments, the pharmaceutical
compositions are
formulated in a form suitable for parenteral injection as sterile suspensions,
solutions or
emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles. Parenteral injection formulations
optionally
contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing
agents. In
specific embodiments, pharmaceutical formulations for parenteral
administration
include aqueous solutions of the active compounds in water-soluble form. In
additional
embodiments, suspensions of the active compounds (e.g., compounds of structure
(I))
are prepared as appropriate oily injection suspensions. Suitable lipophilic
solvents or
vehicles for use in the pharmaceutical compositions described herein include,
by way of
example only, fatty oils such as sesame oil, or synthetic fatty acid esters,
such as ethyl
oleate or triglycerides, or liposomes. In certain specific embodiments,
aqueous
injection suspensions contain substances which increase the viscosity of the
suspension,
such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sorbitol, or dextran. Optionally, the
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suspension contains suitable stabilizers or agents which increase the
solubility of the
compounds to allow for the preparation of highly concentrated solutions.
Alternatively,
in other embodiments, the active ingredient is in powder form for constitution
with a
suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile pyrogen-free water, before use.
In still other embodiments, the compounds of structure (I) are
administered topically. The compounds described herein are formulated into a
variety
of topically administrable compositions, such as solutions, suspensions,
lotions, gels,
pastes, medicated sticks, balms, creams or ointments. Such pharmaceutical
compositions optionally contain solubilizers, stabilizers, tonicity enhancing
agents,
buffers and preservatives.
In yet other embodiments, the compounds of structure (I) are formulated
for transdermal administration. In specific embodiments, transdermal
formulations
employ transdermal delivery devices and transdermal delivery patches and can
be
lipophilic emulsions or buffered, aqueous solutions, dissolved and/or
dispersed in a
polymer or an adhesive. In various embodiments, such patches are constructed
for
continuous, pulsatile, or on demand delivery of pharmaceutical agents. In
additional
embodiments, the transdermal delivery of the compounds of structure (I) is
accomplished by means of iontophoretic patches and the like. In certain
embodiments,
transdermal patches provide controlled delivery of the compounds of structure
(I). In
specific embodiments, the rate of absorption is slowed by using rate-
controlling
membranes or by trapping the compound within a polymer matrix or gel. In
alternative
embodiments, absorption enhancers are used to increase absorption. Absorption
enhancers or carriers include absorbable pharmaceutically acceptable solvents
that
assist passage through the skin. For example, in one embodiment, transdermal
devices
are in the form of a bandage comprising a backing member, a reservoir
containing the
compound optionally with carriers, optionally a rate controlling barrier to
deliver the
compound to the skin of the host at a controlled and predetermined rate over a
prolonged period of time, and means to secure the device to the skin.
In other embodiments, the compounds of structure (I) are formulated for
administration by inhalation. Various forms suitable for administration by
inhalation
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include, but are not limited to, aerosols, mists or powders. Pharmaceutical
compositions
of any of compound of structure (I) are conveniently delivered in the form of
an aerosol
spray presentation from pressurized packs or a nebuliser, with the use of a
suitable
propellant (e.g., dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane,
dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas). In specific
embodiments, the dosage unit of a pressurized aerosol is determined by
providing a
valve to deliver a metered amount. In certain embodiments, capsules and
cartridges of,
such as, by way of example only, gelatin for use in an inhaler or insufflator
are
formulated containing a powder mix of the compound and a suitable powder base
such
as lactose or starch.
In still other embodiments, the compounds of structure (I) are formulated
in rectal compositions such as enemas, rectal gels, rectal foams, rectal
aerosols,
suppositories, jelly suppositories, or retention enemas, containing
conventional
suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides, as well as
synthetic
polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, PEG, and the like. In suppository forms
of the
compositions, a low-melting wax such as, but not limited to, a mixture of
fatty acid
glycerides, optionally in combination with cocoa butter is first melted.
In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions are formulated in
any conventional manner using one or more physiologically acceptable carriers
comprising excipients and auxiliaries which facilitate processing of the
active
compounds into preparations which can be used pharmaceutically. Proper
formulation
is dependent upon the route of administration chosen. Any pharmaceutically
acceptable
techniques, carriers, and excipients are optionally used as suitable.
Pharmaceutical
compositions comprising a compound of structure (I) are manufactured in a
conventional manner, such as, by way of example only, by means of conventional
mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, levigating, emulsifying,
encapsulating,
entrapping or compression processes.
Pharmaceutical compositions include at least one pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient and at least one compound of
structure (I),
described herein as an active ingredient. The active ingredient is in free-
acid or free-
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base form, or in a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form. In addition, the
methods and
pharmaceutical compositions described herein include the use of N-oxides,
crystalline
forms (also known as polymorphs), as well as active metabolites of these
compounds
having the same type of activity. All tautomers of the compounds described
herein are
included within the scope of the compounds presented herein. Additionally, the
compounds described herein encompass unsolvated as well as solvated forms with
pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like. The
solvated
forms of the compounds presented herein are also considered to be disclosed
herein. In
addition, the pharmaceutical compositions optionally include other medicinal
or
pharmaceutical agents, carriers, adjuvants, such as preserving, stabilizing,
wetting or
emulsifying agents, solution promoters, salts for regulating the osmotic
pressure,
buffers, and/or other therapeutically valuable substances.
Methods for the preparation of compositions comprising the compounds
described herein include formulating the compounds with one or more inert,
pharmaceutically acceptable excipients or carriers to form a solid, semi-solid
or liquid.
Solid compositions include, but are not limited to, powders, tablets,
dispersible
granules, capsules, cachets, and suppositories. Liquid compositions include
solutions in
which a compound is dissolved, emulsions comprising a compound, or a solution
containing liposomes, micelles, or nanoparticles comprising a compound as
disclosed
herein. Semi-solid compositions include, but are not limited to, gels,
suspensions and
creams. The form of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein include
liquid
solutions or suspensions, solid forms suitable for solution or suspension in a
liquid prior
to use, or as emulsions. These compositions also optionally contain minor
amounts of
nontoxic, auxiliary substances, such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH
buffering
agents, and so forth.
In some embodiments, pharmaceutical composition comprising at least
one compound of structure (I) illustratively takes the form of a liquid where
the agents
are present in solution, in suspension or both. Typically when the composition
is
administered as a solution or suspension a first portion of the agent is
present in
solution and a second portion of the agent is present in particulate form, in
suspension
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in a liquid matrix. In some embodiments, a liquid composition includes a gel
formulation. In other embodiments, the liquid composition is aqueous.
In certain embodiments, useful aqueous suspensions contain one or more
polymers as suspending agents. Useful polymers include water-soluble polymers
such
as cellulosic polymers, e.g., hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and water-
insoluble
polymers such as cross-linked carboxyl-containing polymers. Certain
pharmaceutical
compositions described herein comprise a mucoadhesive polymer, selected for
example
from carboxymethylcellulose, carbomer (acrylic acid polymer),
poly(methylmethacrylate), polyacrylamide, polycarbophil, acrylic acid/butyl
acrylate
copolymer, sodium alginate and dextran.
Useful pharmaceutical compositions also, optionally, include
solubilizing agents to aid in the solubility of a compound of structure (I).
The term
"solubilizing agent" generally includes agents that result in formation of a
micellar
solution or a true solution of the agent. Certain acceptable nonionic
surfactants, for
example polysorbate 80, are useful as solubilizing agents, as can
ophthalmically
acceptable glycols, polyglycols, e.g., polyethylene glycol 400, and glycol
ethers.
Furthermore, useful pharmaceutical compositions optionally include one
or more pH adjusting agents or buffering agents, including acids such as
acetic, boric,
citric, lactic, phosphoric and hydrochloric acids; bases such as sodium
hydroxide,
sodium phosphate, sodium borate, sodium citrate, sodium acetate, sodium
lactate and
tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane; and buffers such as citrate/dextrose, sodium
bicarbonate and ammonium chloride. Such acids, bases and buffers are included
in an
amount required to maintain pH of the composition in an acceptable range.
Additionally, useful compositions also, optionally, include one or more
salts in an amount required to bring osmolality of the composition into an
acceptable
range. Such salts include those having sodium, potassium or ammonium cations
and
chloride, citrate, ascorbate, borate, phosphate, bicarbonate, sulfate,
thiosulfate or
bisulfite anions; suitable salts include sodium chloride, potassium chloride,
sodium
thiosulfate, sodium bisulfite and ammonium sulfate.
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Other useful pharmaceutical compositions optionally include one or
more preservatives to inhibit microbial activity. Suitable preservatives
include
mercury-containing substances such as merfen and thiomersal; stabilized
chlorine
dioxide; and quaternary ammonium compounds such as benzalkonium chloride,
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and cetylpyridinium chloride.
Still other useful compositions include one or more surfactants to
enhance physical stability or for other purposes. Suitable nonionic
surfactants include
polyoxyethylene fatty acid glycerides and vegetable oils, e.g.,
polyoxyethylene (60)
hydrogenated castor oil; and polyoxyethylene alkylethers and alkylphenyl
ethers, e.g.,
octoxynol 10, octoxynol 40.
Still other useful compositions include one or more antioxidants to
enhance chemical stability where required. Suitable antioxidants include, by
way of
example only, ascorbic acid and sodium metabisulfite.
In certain embodiments, aqueous suspension compositions are packaged
in single-dose non-reclosable containers. Alternatively, multiple-dose
reclosable
containers are used, in which case it is typical to include a preservative in
the
composition.
In alternative embodiments, other delivery systems for hydrophobic
pharmaceutical compounds are employed. Liposomes and emulsions are examples of
delivery vehicles or carriers useful herein. In certain embodiments, organic
solvents
such as N-methylpyrrolidone are also employed. In additional embodiments, the
compounds described herein are delivered using a sustained-release system,
such as
semipermeable matrices of solid hydrophobic polymers containing the
therapeutic
agent. Various sustained-release materials are useful herein. In some
embodiments,
sustained-release capsules release the compounds for a few weeks up to over
100 days.
Depending on the chemical nature and the biological stability of the
therapeutic reagent,
additional strategies for protein stabilization are employed.
In certain embodiments, the formulations described herein comprise one
or more antioxidants, metal chelating agents, thiol containing compounds
and/or other
general stabilizing agents. Examples of such stabilizing agents, include, but
are not
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limited to: (a) about 0.5% to about 2% w/v glycerol, (b) about 0.1% to about
1% w/v
methionine, (c) about 0.1% to about 2% w/v monothioglycerol, (d) about 1 mM to
about 10 mM EDTA, (e) about 0.01% to about 2% w/v ascorbic acid, (f) 0.003% to
about 0.02% w/v polysorbate 80, (g) 0.001% to about 0.05% w/v. polysorbate 20,
(h)
arginine, (i) heparin, (j) dextran sulfate, (k) cyclodextrins, (1) pentosan
polysulfate and
other heparinoids, (m) divalent cations such as magnesium and zinc; or (n)
combinations thereof
In some embodiments, the concentration of one or more compounds
provided in the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention is less
than 100%,
90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%,14%, 13%,
12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%,
0.1%, 0.09%, 0.08%, 0.07%, 0.06%, 0.05%, 0.04%, 0.03%, 0.02%, 0.01%, 0.009%,
0.008%, 0.007%, 0.006%, 0.005%, 0.004%, 0.003%, 0.002%, 0.001%, 0.0009%,
0.0008%, 0.0007%, 0.0006%, 0.0005%, 0.0004%, 0.0003%, 0.0002%, or 0.0001%
w/w, w/v or v/v.
In some embodiments, the concentration of one or more compounds of
the invention is greater than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 19.75%,
19.50%, 19.25% 19%, 18.75%, 18.50%, 18.25% 18%, 17.75%, 17.50%, 17.25% 17%,
16.75%, 16.50%, 16.25% 16%, 15.75%, 15.50%, 15.25% 15%, 14.75%, 14.50%,
14.25% 14%, 13.75%, 13.50%, 13.25% 13%, 12.75%, 12.50%, 12.25% 12%, 11.75%,
11.50%, 11.25% 11%, 10.75%, 10.50%, 10.25% 10%, 9.75%, 9.50%, 9.25% 9%,
8.75%, 8.50%, 8.25% 8%, 7.75%, 7.50%, 7.25% 7%, 6.75%, 6.50%, 6.25% 6%, 5.75%,
5.50%, 5.25% 5%, 4.75%, 4.50%, 4.25%, 4%, 3.75%, 3.50%, 3.25%, 3%, 2.75%,
2.50%, 2.25%, 2%, 1.75%, 1.50%, 125%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.09%,
0.08%, 0.07%, 0.06%, 0.05%, 0.04%, 0.03%, 0.02%, 0.01%, 0.009%, 0.008%,
0.007%,
0.006%, 0.005%, 0.004%, 0.003%, 0.002%, 0.001%, 0.0009%, 0.0008%, 0.0007%,
0.0006%, 0.0005%, 0.0004%, 0.0003%, 0.0002%, or 0.0001% w/w, w/v, or v/v.
In some embodiments, the concentration of one or more compounds of
the invention is in the range from approximately 0.0001% to approximately 50%,
approximately 0.001% to approximately 40 %, approximately 0.01% to
approximately
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30%, approximately 0.02% to approximately 29%, approximately 0.03% to
approximately 28%, approximately 0.04% to approximately 27%, approximately
0.05%
to approximately 26%, approximately 0.06% to approximately 25%, approximately
0.07% to approximately 24%, approximately 0.08% to approximately 23%,
approximately 0.09% to approximately 22%, approximately 0.1% to approximately
21%, approximately 0.2% to approximately 20%, approximately 0.3% to
approximately
19%, approximately 0.4% to approximately 18%, approximately 0.5% to
approximately
17%, approximately 0.6% to approximately 16%, approximately 0.7% to
approximately
15%, approximately 0.8% to approximately 14%, approximately 0.9% to
approximately
12%, approximately 1% to approximately 10% w/w, w/v or v/v.
In some embodiments, the concentration of one or more compounds of
the invention is in the range from approximately 0.001% to approximately 10%,
approximately 0.01% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.02% to approximately
4.5%, approximately 0.03% to approximately 4%, approximately 0.04% to
approximately 3.5%, approximately 0.05% to approximately 3%, approximately
0.06%
to approximately 2.5%, approximately 0.07% to approximately 2%, approximately
0.08% to approximately 1.5%, approximately 0.09% to approximately 1%,
approximately 0.1% to approximately 0.9% w/w, w/v or v/v.
In some embodiments, the amount of one or more compounds of the
invention is equal to or less than 10 g, 9.5g, 9.0 g, 8.5g, 8.0 g, 7.5g, 7.0
g, 6.5g, 6.0 g,
5.5 g, 5.0 g, 4.5 g, 4.0 g, 3.5 g, 3.0 g, 2.5 g, 2.0 g, 1.5 g, 1.0 g, 0.95 g,
0.9 g, 0.85 g, 0.8
g, 0.75 g, 0.7 g, 0.65 g, 0.6 g, 0.55 g, 0.5 g, 0.45 g, 0.4 g, 0.35 g, 0.3 g,
0.25 g, 0.2 g,
0.15 g, 0.1 g, 0.09 g, 0.08 g, 0.07 g, 0.06 g, 0.05 g, 0.04 g, 0.03 g, 0.02 g,
0.01 g, 0.009
g, 0.008 g, 0.007 g, 0.006 g, 0.005 g, 0.004 g, 0.003 g, 0.002 g, 0.001 g,
0.0009 g,
0.0008 g, 0.0007 g, 0.0006 g, 0.0005 g, 0.0004 g, 0.0003 g, 0.0002 g, or
0.0001 g.
In some embodiments, the amount of one or more compounds of the
invention is more than 0.0001 g, 0.0002 g, 0.0003 g, 0.0004 g, 0.0005 g,
0.0006 g,
0.0007 g, 0.0008 g, 0.0009 g, 0.001 g, 0.0015 g, 0.002 g, 0.0025 g, 0.003 g,
0.0035 g,
0.004 g, 0.0045 g, 0.005 g, 0.0055 g, 0.006 g, 0.0065 g, 0.007 g, 0.0075 g,
0.008 g,
0.0085 g, 0.009 g, 0.0095 g, 0.01 g, 0.015 g, 0.02 g, 0.025 g, 0.03 g, 0.035
g, 0.04 g,
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0.045 g, 0.05 g, 0.055 g, 0.06 g, 0.065 g, 0.07 g, 0.075 g, 0.08 g, 0.085 g,
0.09 g, 0.095
g, 0.1 g, ,0.15 g, 0.2 g, ,0.25 g, 0.3 g, ,0.35 g, 0.4 g, ,0.45 g, 0.5 g, 0.55
g, 0.6 g, ,0.65
g, 0.7 g, 0.75 g, 0.8 g, 0.85 g, 0.9 g, 0.95 g, 1 g, 1.5 g, 2 g, 2.5, 3 g,
3.5, 4 g, 4.5 g, 5 g,
5.5 g, 6 g, 6.5g, 7 g, 7.5g, 8 g, 8.5 g, 9 g, 9.5 g, or 10 g.
In some embodiments, the amount of one or more compounds of the
invention is in the range of 0.0001-10 g, 0.0005-9 g, 0.001-8 g, 0.005-7 g,
0.01-6 g,
0.05-5 g, 0.1-4 g, 0.5-4 g, or 1-3 g.
Kits/Articles of Manufacture
For use in the therapeutic applications described herein, kits and articles
of manufacture are also provided. In some embodiments, such kits comprise a
carrier,
package, or container that is compartmentalized to receive one or more
containers such
as vials, tubes, and the like, each of the container(s) comprising one of the
separate
elements to be used in a method described herein. Suitable containers include,
for
example, bottles, vials, syringes, and test tubes. The containers are formed
from a
variety of materials such as glass or plastic.
The articles of manufacture provided herein contain packaging materials.
Packaging materials for use in packaging pharmaceutical products include those
found
in, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,323,907, 5,052,558 and 5,033,252. Examples of
pharmaceutical packaging materials include, but are not limited to, blister
packs,
bottles, tubes, inhalers, pumps, bags, vials, containers, syringes, bottles,
and any
packaging material suitable for a selected formulation and intended mode of
administration and treatment. For example, the container(s) includes one or
more
compounds described herein, optionally in a composition or in combination with
another agent as disclosed herein. The container(s) optionally have a sterile
access port
(for example the container is an intravenous solution bag or a vial having a
stopper
pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle). Such kits optionally comprising
a
compound with an identifying description or label or instructions relating to
its use in
the methods described herein.
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For example, a kit typically includes one or more additional containers,
each with one or more of various materials (such as reagents, optionally in
concentrated
form, and/or devices) desirable from a commercial and user standpoint for use
of a
compound described herein. Non-limiting examples of such materials include,
but not
limited to, buffers, diluents, filters, needles, syringes; carrier, package,
container, vial
and/or tube labels listing contents and/or instructions for use, and package
inserts with
instructions for use. A set of instructions will also typically be included. A
label is
optionally on or associated with the container. For example, a label is on a
container
when letters, numbers or other characters forming the label are attached,
molded or
etched into the container itself, a label is associated with a container when
it is present
within a receptacle or carrier that also holds the container, e.g., as a
package insert. In
addition, a label is used to indicate that the contents are to be used for a
specific
therapeutic application. In addition, the label indicates directions for use
of the contents,
such as in the methods described herein. In certain embodiments, the
pharmaceutical
compositions is presented in a pack or dispenser device which contains one or
more unit
dosage forms containing a compound provided herein. The pack for example
contains
metal or plastic foil, such as a blister pack. Or, the pack or dispenser
device is
accompanied by instructions for administration. Or, the pack or dispenser is
accompanied with a notice associated with the container in form prescribed by
a
governmental agency regulating the manufacture, use, or sale of
pharmaceuticals,
which notice is reflective of approval by the agency of the form of the drug
for human
or veterinary administration. Such notice, for example, is the labeling
approved by the
U.S. Food and Drug Administration for prescription drugs, or the approved
product
insert. In some embodiments, compositions containing a compound provided
herein
formulated in a compatible pharmaceutical carrier are prepared, placed in an
appropriate container, and labeled for treatment of an indicated condition.
Methods
Embodiments of the present invention provide a method of inhibiting
RAS-mediated cell signaling comprising contacting a cell with an effective
amount of
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one or more compounds disclosed herein. Inhibition of RAS-mediated signal
transduction can be assessed and demonstrated by a wide variety of ways known
in the
art. Non-limiting examples include a showing of (a) a decrease in GTPase
activity of
RAS; (b) a decrease in GTP binding affinity or an increase in GDP binding
affinity; (c)
an increase in K off of GTP or a decrease in K off of GDP; (d) a decrease in
the levels
of signaling transduction molecules downstream in the RAS pathway, such as a
decrease in pMEK level; and/or (e) a decrease in binding of RAS complex to
downstream signaling molecules including but not limited to Raf. Kits and
commercially available assays can be utilized for determining one or more of
the above.
Embodiments also provide methods of using the compounds or
pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention to treat disease
conditions,
including but not limited to conditions implicated by G12C KRAS, HRAS or NRAS
mutation, G12C HRAS mutation and/or G12C NRAS mutation (e.g., cancer).
In some embodiments, a method for treatment of cancer is provided, the
method comprising administering an effective amount of any of the foregoing
pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of structure (I) to a
subject in
need thereof. In some embodiments, the cancer is mediated by a KRAS, HRAS or
NRAS G12C mutation. In other embodiments, the cancer is pancreatic cancer,
colon
cancer, MYH associated polyposis, colorectal cancer or lung cancer.
In some embodiments the invention provides method of treating a
disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the said method comprises
determining if
the subject has a KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutation and if the subject is
determined to have the KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutation, then administering to
the subject a therapeutically effective dose of at least one compound of
structure (I) or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, prodrug, tautomer, solvate, hydrate
or derivative
thereof.
The disclosed compounds strongly inhibit anchorage-independent cell
growth and therefore have the potential to inhibit tumor metastasis.
Accordingly, in
another embodiment the disclosure provides a method for inhibiting tumor
metastasis,
the method comprising administering an effective amount a pharmaceutical
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composition of comprising any of the compounds disclosed herein and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to a subject in need thereof.
KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutations have also been identified in
hematological malignancies (e.g., cancers that affect blood, bone marrow
and/or lymph
nodes). Accordingly, certain embodiments are directed to administration of a
disclosed
compounds (e.g., in the form of a pharmaceutical composition) to a patient in
need of
treatment of a hematological malignancy. Such malignancies include, but are
not
limited to leukemias and lymphomas. For example, the presently disclosed
compounds
can be used for treatment of diseases such as Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
(ALL),
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), small
lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CIVIL), Acute
monocytic leukemia (AMoL) and/ or other leukemias. In other embodiments, the
compounds are useful for treatment of lymphomas such as all subtypes of
Hodgkin's
lymphoma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Determining whether a tumor or cancer comprises a G12C KRAS,
HRAS or NRAS mutation can be undertaken by assessing the nucleotide sequence
encoding the KRAS, HRAS or NRAS protein, by assessing the amino acid sequence
of
the KRAS, HRAS or NRAS protein, or by assessing the characteristics of a
putative
KRAS, HRAS or NRAS mutant protein. The sequence of wild-type human KRAS,
HRAS or NRAS is known in the art, (e.g. Accession No. NP203524).
Methods for detecting a mutation in a KRAS, HRAS or NRAS
nucleotide sequence are known by those of skill in the art. These methods
include, but
are not limited to, polymeRASe chain reaction-restriction fragment length
polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assays, polymeRASe chain reaction-single strand
conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) assays, real-time PCR assays, PCR
sequencing, mutant allele-specific PCR amplification (MASA) assays, direct
sequencing, primer extension reactions, electrophoresis, oligonucleotide
ligation assays,
hybridization assays, TaqMan assays, SNP genotyping assays, high resolution
melting
assays and microarray analyses. In some embodiments, samples are evaluated for
G12C KRAS, HRAS or NRAS mutations by real-time PCR. In real-time PCR,
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fluorescent probes specific for the KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutation are used.
When a mutation is present, the probe binds and fluorescence is detected. In
some
embodiments, the KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutation is identified using a direct
sequencing method of specific regions (e.g., exon 2 and/or exon 3) in the
KRAS, HRAS
or NRAS gene. This technique will identify all possible mutations in the
region
sequenced.
Methods for detecting a mutation in a KRAS, HRAS or NRAS protein
are known by those of skill in the art. These methods include, but are not
limited to,
detection of a KRAS, HRAS or NRAS mutant using a binding agent (e.g., an
antibody)
specific for the mutant protein, protein electrophoresis and Western blotting,
and direct
peptide sequencing.
Methods for determining whether a tumor or cancer comprises a G12C
KRAS, HRAS or NRAS mutation can use a variety of samples. In some embodiments,
the sample is taken from a subject having a tumor or cancer. In some
embodiments, the
sample is taken from a subject having a cancer or tumor. In some embodiments,
the
sample is a fresh tumor/cancer sample. In some embodiments, the sample is a
frozen
tumor/cancer sample. In some embodiments, the sample is a formalin-fixed
paraffin-
embedded sample. In some embodiments, the sample is processed to a cell
lysate. In
some embodiments, the sample is processed to DNA or RNA.
Embodiments of the invention also relate to a method of treating a
hyperproliferative disorder in a mammal that comprises administering to said
mammal
a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or
a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, prodrug, solvate, hydrate or
derivative thereof
In some embodiments, said method relates to the treatment of cancer such as
acute
myeloid leukemia, cancer in adolescents, adrenocortical carcinoma childhood,
AIDS-
related cancers (e.g. Lymphoma and Kaposi's Sarcoma), anal cancer, appendix
cancer,
astrocytomas, atypical teratoid, basal cell carcinoma, bile duct cancer,
bladder cancer,
bone cancer, brain stem glioma, brain tumor, breast cancer, bronchial tumors,
burkitt
lymphoma, carcinoid tumor, atypical teratoid, embryonal tumors, germ cell
tumor,
primary lymphoma, cervical cancer, childhood cancers, chordoma, cardiac
tumors,
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chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CIVIL),
chronic
myleoproliferative disorders, colon cancer, colorectal cancer,
craniopharyngioma,
cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, extrahepatic ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS),
embryonal
tumors, CNS cancer, endometrial cancer, ependymoma, esophageal cancer,
esthesioneuroblastoma, ewing sarcoma, extracranial germ cell tumor,
extragonadal
germ cell tumor, eye cancer, fibrous histiocytoma of bone, gall bladder
cancer, gastric
cancer, gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumors
(GIST), germ
cell tumor, gestational trophoblastic tumor, hairy cell leukemia, head and
neck cancer,
heart cancer, liver cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, hypopharyngeal cancer,
intraocular
melanoma, islet cell tumors, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, kidney cancer,
laryngeal cancer, lip and oral cavity cancer, liver cancer, lobular carcinoma
in situ
(LCIS), lung cancer, lymphoma, metastatic squamous neck cancer with occult
primary, midline tract carcinoma, mouth cancer multiple endocrine neoplasia
syndromes, multiple myeloma/plasma cell neoplasm, mycosis fungoides,
myelodysplastic syndromes, myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms,
multiple
myeloma, merkel cell carcinoma, malignant mesothelioma, malignant fibrous
histiocytoma of bone and osteosarcoma, nasal cavity and paranasal sinus
cancer,
nasopharyngeal cancer, neuroblastoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-small cell
lung cancer (NSCLC), oral cancer, lip and oral cavity cancer, oropharyngeal
cancer,
ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, papillomatosis, paraganglioma, paranasal
sinus and
nasal cavity cancer, parathyroid cancer, penile cancer, pharyngeal cancer,
pleuropulmonary blastoma, primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma,
prostate
cancer, rectal cancer, transitional cell cancer, retinoblastoma,
rhabdomyosarcoma,
salivary gland cancer, skin cancer, stomach (gastric) cancer, small cell lung
cancer,
small intestine cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, T-Cell lymphoma, testicular
cancer, throat
cancer, thymoma and thymic carcinoma, thyroid cancer, transitional cell cancer
of the
renal pelvis and ureter, trophoblastic tumor, unusual cancers of childhood,
urethral
cancer, uterine sarcoma, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, or Viral-Induced
cancer. In
some embodiments, said method relates to the treatment of a non-cancerous
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hyperproliferative disorder such as benign hyperplasia of the skin (e. g.,
psoriasis),
restenosis, or prostate (e. g., benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)).
In certain particular embodiments, the invention relates to methods for
treatment of lung cancers, the methods comprise administering an effective
amount of
any of the above described compound (or a pharmaceutical composition
comprising the
same) to a subject in need thereof In certain embodiments the lung cancer is a
non-
small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), for example adenocarcinoma, squamous-cell
lung
carcinoma or large-cell lung carcinoma. In other embodiments, the lung cancer
is a
small cell lung carcinoma. Other lung cancers treatable with the disclosed
compounds
include, but are not limited to, glandular tumors, carcinoid tumors and
undifferentiated
carcinomas.
Subjects that can be treated with compounds of the invention, or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, prodrug, solvate, tautomer, hydrate
or derivative
of said compounds, according to the methods of this invention include, for
example,
subjects that have been diagnosed as having acute myeloid leukemia, acute
myeloid
leukemia, cancer in adolescents, adrenocortical carcinoma childhood, AIDS-
related
cancers (e.g. Lymphoma and Kaposi's Sarcoma), anal cancer, appendix cancer,
astrocytomas, atypical teratoid, basal cell carcinoma, bile duct cancer,
bladder cancer,
bone cancer, brain stem glioma, brain tumor, breast cancer, bronchial tumors,
burkitt
lymphoma, carcinoid tumor, atypical teratoid, embryonal tumors, germ cell
tumor,
primary lymphoma, cervical cancer, childhood cancers, chordoma, cardiac
tumors,
chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CIVIL),
chronic
myleoproliferative disorders, colon cancer, colorectal cancer,
craniopharyngioma,
cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, extrahepatic ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS),
embryonal
tumors, CNS cancer, endometrial cancer, ependymoma, esophageal cancer,
esthesioneuroblastoma, ewing sarcoma, extracranial germ cell tumor,
extragonadal
germ cell tumor, eye cancer, fibrous histiocytoma of bone, gall bladder
cancer, gastric
cancer, gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumors
(GIST), germ
cell tumor, gestational trophoblastic tumor, hairy cell leukemia, head and
neck cancer,
heart cancer, liver cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, hypopharyngeal cancer,
intraocular
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melanoma, islet cell tumors, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, kidney cancer,
laryngeal cancer, lip and oral cavity cancer, liver cancer, lobular carcinoma
in situ
(LCIS), lung cancer, lymphoma, metastatic squamous neck cancer with occult
primary,
midline tract carcinoma, mouth cancer multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes,
multiple myeloma/plasma cell neoplasm, mycosis fungoides, myelodysplastic
syndromes, myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms, multiple myeloma,
merkel
cell carcinoma, malignant mesothelioma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone
and
osteosarcoma, nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer,
neuroblastoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC),
oral
cancer, lip and oral cavity cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, ovarian cancer,
pancreatic
cancer, papillomatosis, paraganglioma, paranasal sinus and nasal cavity
cancer,
parathyroid cancer, penile cancer, pharyngeal cancer, pleuropulmonary
blastoma,
primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, prostate cancer, rectal cancer,
transitional cell cancer, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, salivary gland
cancer,
skin cancer, stomach (gastric) cancer, small cell lung cancer, small intestine
cancer,
soft tissue sarcoma, T-Cell lymphoma, testicular cancer, throat cancer,
thymoma and
thymic carcinoma, thyroid cancer, transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis
and ureter,
trophoblastic tumor, unusual cancers of childhood, urethral cancer, uterine
sarcoma,
vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, or Viral-Induced cancer. In some embodiments
subjects
that are treated with the compounds of the invention include subjects that
have been
diagnosed as having a non-cancerous hyperproliferative disorder such as benign
hyperplasia of the skin (e. g., psoriasis), restenosis, or prostate (e.g.,
benign prostatic
hypertrophy (BPH)).
Embodiments of the invention further provide methods of modulating a
G12C Mutant KRAS, HRAS or NRAS protein activity by contacting the protein with
an effective amount of a compound of the invention. Modulation can be
inhibiting or
activating protein activity. In some embodiments, the invention provides
methods of
inhibiting protein activity by contacting the G12C Mutant KRAS, HRAS or NRAS
protein with an effective amount of a compound of the invention in solution.
In some
embodiments, the invention provides methods of inhibiting the G12C Mutant
KRAS,
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HRAS or NRAS protein activity by contacting a cell, tissue, organ that express
the
protein of interest. In some embodiments, the invention provides methods of
inhibiting
protein activity in subject including but not limited to rodents and mammal
(e.g.,
human) by administering into the subject an effective amount of a compound of
the
invention. In some embodiments, the percentage modulation exceeds 25%, 30%,
40%,
50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%. In some embodiments, the percentage of inhibiting
exceeds 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%.
In some embodiments, the invention provides methods of inhibiting
KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C activity in a cell by contacting said cell with an
amount
of a compound of the invention sufficient to inhibit the activity of KRAS,
HRAS or
NRAS G12C in said cell. In some embodiments, the invention provides methods of
inhibiting KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C activity in a tissue by contacting said
tissue
with an amount of a compound of the invention sufficient to inhibit the
activity of
KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C in said tissue. In some embodiments, the invention
provides methods of inhibiting KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C activity in an organism
by contacting said organism with an amount of a compound of the invention
sufficient
to inhibit the activity of KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C in said organism. In some
embodiments, the invention provides methods of inhibiting KRAS, HRAS or NRAS
G12C activity in an animal by contacting said animal with an amount of a
compound of
the invention sufficient to inhibit the activity of KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C in
said
animal. In some embodiments, the invention provides methods of inhibiting
KRAS,
HRAS or NRAS G12C activity in a mammal by contacting said mammal with an
amount of a compound of the invention sufficient to inhibit the activity of
KRAS,
HRAS or NRAS G12C in said mammal. In some embodiments, the invention provides
methods of inhibiting KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C activity in a human by
contacting
said human with an amount of a compound of the invention sufficient to inhibit
the
activity of KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C in said human. In other embodiments, the
present invention provides methods of treating a disease mediated by KRAS,
HRAS or
NRAS G12C activity in a subject in need of such treatment.
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Other embodiments provide methods for combination therapies in which
an agent known to modulate other pathways, or other components of the same
pathway,
or even overlapping sets of target enzymes are used in combination with a
compound of
the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, prodrug,
solvate,
tautomer, hydrate or derivative thereof In one aspect, such therapy includes
but is not
limited to the combination of one or more compounds of the invention with
chemotherapeutic agents, therapeutic antibodies, and radiation treatment, to
provide a
synergistic or additive therapeutic effect.
Many chemotherapeutics are presently known in the art and can be used
in combination with the compounds of the invention. In some embodiments, the
chemotherapeutic is selected from the group consisting of mitotic inhibitors,
alkylating
agents, anti-metabolites, intercalating antibiotics, growth factor inhibitors,
cell cycle
inhibitors, enzymes, topoisomeRASe inhibitors, biological response modifiers,
anti-
hormones, angiogenesis inhibitors, and anti-androgens.
Non-limiting examples are chemotherapeutic agents, cytotoxic agents,
and non-peptide small molecules such as Gleevec (Imatinib Mesylate), Velcade
(bortezomib), Casodex (bicalutamide), Iressa (gefitinib), and Adriamycin as
well as a
host of chemotherapeutic agents. Non-limiting examples of chemotherapeutic
agents
include alkylating agents such as thiotepa and cyclosphosphamide (CYTOXANTM);
alkyl sulfonates such as busulfan, improsulfan and piposulfan; aziridines such
as
benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, and uredopa; ethylenimines and
methylamelamines including altretamine, triethylenemelamine,
trietylenephosphoramide, triethylenethiophosphaoramide and
trimethylolomelamine;
nitrogen mustards such as chlorambucil, chlornaphazine, cholophosphamide,
estramustine, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, mechlorethamine oxide
hydrochloride,
melphalan, novembichin, phenesterine, prednimustine, trofosfamide, uracil
mustard;
nitrosureas such as carmustine, chlorozotocin, fotemustine, lomustine,
nimustine,
ranimustine; antibiotics such as aclacinomysins, actinomycin, authramycin,
azaserine,
bleomycins, cactinomycin, calicheamicin, carabicin, carminomycin,
carzinophilin,
CasodexTM, chromomycins, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, detorubicin, 6-diazo-5-
oxo-
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L-norleucine, doxorubicin, epirubicin, esorubicin, idarubicin, marcellomycin,
mitomycins, mycophenolic acid, nogalamycin, olivomycins, peplomycin,
potfiromycin,
puromycin, quelamycin, rodorubicin, streptonigrin, streptozocin, tubercidin,
ubenimex,
zinostatin, zorubicin; anti-metabolites such as methotrexate and 5-
fluorouracil (5-FU);
folic acid analogues such as denopterin, methotrexate, pteropterin,
trimetrexate; purine
analogs such as fludarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, thiamiprine, thioguanine;
pyrimidine
analogs such as ancitabine, azacitidine, 6-azauridine, carmofur, cytarabine,
dideoxyuridine, doxifluridine, enocitabine, floxuridine, androgens such as
calusterone,
dromostanolone propionate, epitiostanol, mepitiostane, testolactone; anti-
adrenals such
as aminoglutethimide, mitotane, trilostane; folic acid replenisher such as
frolinic acid;
aceglatone; aldophosphamide glycoside; aminolevulinic acid; amsacrine;
bestrabucil;
bisantrene; edatraxate; defofamine; demecolcine; diaziquone; elfomithine;
elliptinium
acetate; etoglucid; gallium nitrate; hydroxyurea; lentinan; lonidamine;
mitoguazone;
mitoxantrone; mopidamol; nitracrine; pentostatin; phenamet; pirarubicin;
podophyllinic
acid; 2-ethylhydrazide; procarbazine; PSK®; razoxane; sizofiran;
spirogermanium;
tenuazonic acid; triaziquone; 2,2',2"-trichlorotriethylamine; urethan;
vindesine;
dacarbazine; mannomustine; mitobronitol; mitolactol; pipobroman; gacytosine;
arabinoside ("Ara-C"); cyclophosphamide; thiotepa; taxanes, e.g. paclitaxel
(TAXOLTM, Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology, Princeton, N.J.) and docetaxel
(TAXOTERETM, Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Antony, France); retinoic acid;
esperamicins;
capecitabine; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids or derivatives of
any of the
above. Also included as suitable chemotherapeutic cell conditioners are anti-
hormonal
agents that act to regulate or inhibit hormone action on tumors such as anti-
estrogens
including for example tamoxifen, (NolvadexTM), raloxifene, aromatase
inhibiting 4(5)-
imidazoles, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, trioxifene, keoxifene, LY 117018, onapristone,
and
toremifene (Fareston); and anti-androgens such as flutamide, nilutamide,
bicalutamide,
leuprolide, and goserelin; chlorambucil; gemcitabine; 6-thioguanine;
mercaptopurine;
methotrexate; platinum analogs such as cisplatin and carboplatin; vinblastine;
platinum;
etoposide (VP-16); ifosfamide; mitomycin C; mitoxantrone; vincristine;
vinorelbine;
navelbine; novantrone; teniposide; daunomycin; aminopterin; xeloda;
ibandronate;
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camptothecin-11 (CPT-11); topoisomeRASe inhibitor RFS 2000;
difluoromethylornithine (DMFO). Where desired, the compounds or pharmaceutical
composition of the present invention can be used in combination with commonly
prescribed anti-cancer drugs such as Hercepting, Avasting, Erbitux , Rituxan ,
Taxol , Arimidex , Taxotere , ABVD, AVICINE, Abagovomab, Acridine
carboxamide, Adecatumumab, 17-N-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin,
Alpharadin, Alvocidib, 3-Aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone,
Amonafide, Anthracenedione, Anti-CD22 immunotoxins, Antineoplastic,
Antitumorigenic herbs, Apaziquone, Atiprimod, Azathioprine, Belotecan,
Bendamustine, BIBW 2992, Biricodar, Brostallicin, Bryostatin, Buthionine
sulfoximine, CBV (chemotherapy), Calyculin, cell-cycle nonspecific
antineoplastic
agents, Dichloroacetic acid, Discodermolide, Elsamitrucin, Enocitabine,
Epothilone,
Eribulin, Everolimus, Exatecan, Exisulind, Ferruginol, Forodesine, Fosfestrol,
ICE
chemotherapy regimen, IT-101, Imexon, Imiquimod, Indolocarbazole, Irofulven,
Laniquidar, Larotaxel, Lenalidomide, Lucanthone, Lurtotecan, Mafosfamide,
Mitozolomide, Nafoxidine, Nedaplatin, Olaparib, Ortataxel, PAC-1, Pawpaw,
Pixantrone, Proteasome inhibitor, Rebeccamycin, Resiquimod, Rubitecan, SN-38,
Salinosporamide A, Sapacitabine, Stanford V, Swainsonine, Talaporfin,
Tariquidar,
Tegafur-uracil, Temodar, Tesetaxel, Triplatin tetranitrate, Tris(2-
chloroethyl)amine,
Troxacitabine, Uramustine, Vadimezan, Vinflunine, ZD6126 or Zosuquidar.
Embodiments further relate to a method for using the compounds or
pharmaceutical compositions provided herein, in combination with radiation
therapy for
inhibiting abnormal cell growth or treating the hyperproliferative disorder in
the
mammal. Techniques for administering radiation therapy are known in the art,
and
these techniques can be used in the combination therapy described herein. The
administration of the compound of the invention in this combination therapy
can be
determined as described herein.
Radiation therapy can be administered through one of several methods,
or a combination of methods, including without limitation external-beam
therapy,
internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, stereotactic radiosurgery,
systemic
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radiation therapy, radiotherapy and permanent or temporary interstitial
brachytherapy.
The term "brachytherapy," as used herein, refers to radiation therapy
delivered by a
spatially confined radioactive material inserted into the body at or near a
tumor or other
proliferative tissue disease site. The term is intended without limitation to
include
exposure to radioactive isotopes (e.g. At-211, 1-131, 1-125, Y-90, Re-186, Re-
188, Sm-
153, Bi-212, P-32, and radioactive isotopes of Lu). Suitable radiation sources
for use as
a cell conditioner of the present invention include both solids and liquids.
By way of
non-limiting example, the radiation source can be a radionuclide, such as 1-
125, 1-131,
Yb-169, Ir-192 as a solid source, 1-125 as a solid source, or other
radionuclides that
emit photons, beta particles, gamma radiation, or other therapeutic rays. The
radioactive material can also be a fluid made from any solution of
radionuclide(s), e.g.,
a solution of 1-125 or 1-131, or a radioactive fluid can be produced using a
slurry of a
suitable fluid containing small particles of solid radionuclides, such as Au-
198, Y-90.
Moreover, the radionuclide(s) can be embodied in a gel or radioactive micro
spheres.
Without being limited by any theory, the compounds of the present
invention can render abnormal cells more sensitive to treatment with radiation
for
purposes of killing and/or inhibiting the growth of such cells. Accordingly,
this
invention further relates to a method for sensitizing abnormal cells in a
mammal to
treatment with radiation which comprises administering to the mammal an amount
of a
compound of the present invention or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester,
prodrug,
solvate, hydrate or derivative thereof, which amount is effective is
sensitizing abnormal
cells to treatment with radiation. The amount of the compound, salt, or
solvate in this
method can be determined according to the means for ascertaining effective
amounts of
such compounds described herein.
The compounds or pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can be
used in combination with an amount of one or more substances selected from
anti-
angiogenesis agents, signal transduction inhibitors, antiproliferative agents,
glycolysis
inhibitors, or autophagy inhibitors.
Anti-angiogenesis agents, such as MMP-2 (matrix-metalloproteinase 2)
inhibitors, MMP-9 (matrix-metalloprotienase 9) inhibitors, and COX-11
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(cyclooxygenase 11) inhibitors, can be used in conjunction with a compound of
the
invention and pharmaceutical compositions described herein. Anti-angiogenesis
agents
include, for example, rapamycin, temsirolimus (CCI-779), everolimus (RAD001),
sorafenib, sunitinib, and bevacizumab. Examples of useful COX-II inhibitors
include
CELEBREXTM (alecoxib), valdecoxib, and rofecoxib. Examples of useful matrix
metalloproteinase inhibitors are described in WO 96/33172 (published October
24,1996), WO 96/27583 (published March 7,1996), European Patent Application
No.
97304971.1 (filed July 8,1997), European Patent Application No. 99308617.2
(filed
October 29, 1999), WO 98/07697 (published February 26,1998), WO 98/03516
(published January 29,1998), WO 98/34918 (published August 13,1998), WO
98/34915
(published August 13,1998), WO 98/33768 (published August 6,1998), WO 98/30566
(published July 16, 1998), European Patent Publication 606,046 (published July
13,1994), European Patent Publication 931, 788 (published July 28,1999), WO
90/05719 (published May 31,1990), WO 99/52910 (published October 21,1999), WO
99/52889 (published October 21, 1999), WO 99/29667 (published June 17,1999),
PCT
International Application No. PCT/IB98/01113 (filed July 21,1998), European
Patent
Application No. 99302232.1 (filed March 25,1999), Great Britain Patent
Application
No. 9912961.1 (filed June 3, 1999), United States Provisional Application No.
60/148,464 (filed August 12,1999), United States Patent 5,863, 949 (issued
January
26,1999), United States Patent 5,861, 510 (issued January 19,1999), and
European
Patent Publication 780,386 (published June 25, 1997), all of which are
incorporated
herein in their entireties by reference. Preferred MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitors
are
those that have little or no activity inhibiting MMP-1. More preferred, are
those that
selectively inhibit MMP-2 and/or AMP-9 relative to the other matrix-
metalloproteinases (i. e., MAP-1, MMP-3, MMP-4, MMP-5, MMP-6, MMP- 7, MMP-
8, MMP-10, MMP-11, MMP-12, andMMP-13). Some specific examples of MMP
inhibitors useful in the invention are AG-3340, RO 32-3555, and RS 13-0830.
Autophagy inhibitors include, but are not limited to chloroquine, 3-
methyladenine, hydroxychloroquine (PlaquenilTm), bafilomycin Al, 5-amino-4-
imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAR), okadaic acid, autophagy-suppressive
algal
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toxins which inhibit protein phosphatases of type 2A or type 1, analogues of
cAMP, and
drugs which elevate cAMP levels such as adenosine, LY204002, N6-mercaptopurine
riboside, and vinblastine. In addition, antisense or siRNA that inhibits
expression of
proteins including but not limited to ATG5 (which are implicated in
autophagy), may
also be used.
Embodiments also relate to a method of and to a pharmaceutical
composition for treating a cardiovascular disease in a mammal which comprises
an
amount of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
ester,
prodrug, solvate, tautomer, hydrate or derivative thereof, or an isotopically-
labeled
derivative thereof, and an amount of one or more therapeutic agents use for
the
treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Exemplary agents for use in cardiovascular disease applications are anti-
thrombotic agents, e.g., prostacyclin and salicylates, thrombolytic agents,
e.g.,
streptokinase, urokinase, tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) and anisoylated
plasminogen-streptokinase activator complex (APSAC), anti-platelets agents,
e.g.,
acetyl-salicylic acid (ASA) and clopidrogel, vasodilating agents, e.g.,
nitrates, calcium
channel blocking drugs, anti-proliferative agents, e.g., colchicine and
alkylating agents,
intercalating agents, growth modulating factors such as interleukins,
transformation
growth factor-beta and congeners of platelet derived growth factor, monoclonal
antibodies directed against growth factors, anti-inflammatory agents, both
steroidal and
non-steroidal, and other agents that can modulate vessel tone, function,
arteriosclerosis,
and the healing response to vessel or organ injury post intervention.
Antibiotics can
also be included in combinations or coatings comprised by the invention.
Moreover, a
coating can be used to effect therapeutic delivery focally within the vessel
wall. By
incorporation of the active agent in a swellable polymer, the active agent
will be
released upon swelling of the polymer.
In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are formulated
or administered in conjunction with liquid or solid tissue barriers also known
as
lubricants. Examples of tissue barriers include, but are not limited to,
polysaccharides,
polyglycans, seprafilm, interceed and hyaluronic acid.
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In some embodiments, medicaments which are administered in
conjunction with the compounds described herein include any suitable drugs
usefully
delivered by inhalation for example, analgesics, e.g. codeine,
dihydromorphine,
ergotamine, fentanyl or morphine; anginal preparations, e.g. diltiazem;
antiallergics,
e.g. cromoglycate, ketotifen or nedocromil; anti-infectives, e.g.
cephalosporins,
penicillins, streptomycin, sulphonamides, tetracyclines or pentamidine;
antihistamines,
e.g. methapyrilene; anti-inflammatories, e.g. beclomethasone, flunisolide,
budesonide,
tipredane, triamcinolone acetonide or fluticasone; antitussives, e.g.
noscapine;
bronchodilators, e.g. ephedrine, adrenaline, fenoterol, formoterol,
isoprenaline,
metaproterenol, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pirbuterol, reproterol,
rimiterol,
salbutamol, salmeterol, terbutalin, isoetharine, tulobuterol, orciprenaline or
(-)-4-amino-
3,5-dichloro-a-[[[642-(2-pyridinyl)ethoxy]hexyl]-amino]methyl]benzenemethanol;
diuretics, e.g. amiloride; anticholinergics e.g. ipratropium, atropine or
oxitropium;
hormones, e.g. cortisone, hydrocortisone or prednisolone; xanthines e.g.
aminophylline,
choline theophyllinate, lysine theophyllinate or theophylline; and therapeutic
proteins
and peptides, e.g. insulin or glucagon. It will be clear to a person skilled
in the art that,
where appropriate, the medicaments are used in the form of salts (e.g. as
alkali metal or
amine salts or as acid addition salts) or as esters (e.g. lower alkyl esters)
or as solvates
(e.g. hydrates) to optimize the activity and/or stability of the medicament.
Other exemplary therapeutic agents useful for a combination therapy
include but are not limited to agents as described above, radiation therapy,
hormone
antagonists, hormones and their releasing factors, thyroid and antithyroid
drugs,
estrogens and progestins, androgens, adrenocorticotropic hormone;
adrenocortical
steroids and their synthetic analogs; inhibitors of the synthesis and actions
of
adrenocortical hormones, insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, and the
pharmacology of
the endocrine pancreas, agents affecting calcification and bone turnover:
calcium,
phosphate, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, calcitonin, vitamins such as water-
soluble
vitamins, vitamin B complex, ascorbic acid, fat-soluble vitamins, vitamins A,
K, and E,
growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, muscarinic receptor agonists and
antagonists;
anticholinesteRASe agents; agents acting at the neuromuscular junction and/or
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autonomic ganglia; catecholamines, sympathomimetic drugs, and adrenergic
receptor
agonists or antagonists; and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) receptor
agonists
and antagonists.
Therapeutic agents can also include agents for pain and inflammation
such as histamine and histamine antagonists, bradykinin and bradykinin
antagonists, 5-
hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), lipid substances that are generated by
biotransformation
of the products of the selective hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids,
eicosanoids,
prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory
agents, analgesic-antipyretic agents, agents that inhibit the synthesis of
prostaglandins
and thromboxanes, selective inhibitors of the inducible cyclooxygenase,
selective
inhibitors of the inducible cyclooxygenase-2, autacoids, paracrine hormones,
somatostatin, gastrin, cytokines that mediate interactions involved in humoral
and
cellular immune responses, lipid-derived autacoids, eicosanoids, P-adrenergic
agonists,
ipratropium, glucocorticoids, methylxanthines, sodium channel blockers, opioid
receptor agonists, calcium channel blockers, membrane stabilizers and
leukotriene
inhibitors.
Additional therapeutic agents contemplated herein include diuretics,
vasopressin, agents affecting the renal conservation of water, rennin,
angiotensin,
agents useful in the treatment of myocardial ischemia, anti-hypertensive
agents,
angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, P-adrenergic receptor antagonists,
agents for
the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, and agents for the treatment of
dyslipidemia.
Other therapeutic agents contemplated include drugs used for control of
gastric acidity, agents for the treatment of peptic ulcers, agents for the
treatment of
gastroesophageal reflux disease, prokinetic agents, antiemetics, agents used
in irritable
bowel syndrome, agents used for diarrhea, agents used for constipation, agents
used for
inflammatory bowel disease, agents used for biliary disease, agents used for
pancreatic
disease. Therapeutic agents used to treat protozoan infections, drugs used to
treat
Malaria, Amebiasis, Giardiasis, Trichomoniasis, Trypanosomiasis, and/or
Leishmaniasis, and/or drugs used in the chemotherapy of helminthiasis. Other
therapeutic agents include antimicrobial agents, sulfonamides, trimethoprim-
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sulfamethoxazole quinolones, and agents for urinary tract infections,
penicillins,
cephalosporins, and other, 13-lactam antibiotics, an agent comprising an
aminoglycoside,
protein synthesis inhibitors, drugs used in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis,
mycobacterium avium complex disease, and leprosy, antifungal agents, antiviral
agents
including nonretroviral agents and antiretroviral agents.
Examples of therapeutic antibodies that can be combined with a
compound of the invention include but are not limited to anti-receptor
tyrosine kinase
antibodies (cetuximab, panitumumab, tRAStuzumab), anti CD20 antibodies
(rituximab,
tositumomab), and other antibodies such as alemtuzumab, bevacizumab, and
gemtuzumab.
Moreover, therapeutic agents used for immunomodulation, such as
immunomodulators, immunosuppressive agents, tolerogens, and immunostimulants
are
contemplated by the methods herein. In addition, therapeutic agents acting on
the blood
and the blood-forming organs, hematopoietic agents, growth factors, minerals,
and
vitamins, anticoagulant, thrombolytic, and antiplatelet drugs.
For treating renal carcinoma, one may combine a compound of the
present invention with sorafenib and/or avastin. For treating an endometrial
disorder,
one may combine a compound of the present invention with doxorubincin,
taxotere
(taxol), and/or cisplatin (carboplatin). For treating ovarian cancer, one may
combine a
compound of the present invention with cisplatin (carboplatin), taxotere,
doxorubincin,
topotecan, and/or tamoxifen. For treating breast cancer, one may combine a
compound
of the present invention with taxotere (taxol), gemcitabine (capecitabine),
tamoxifen,
letrozole, tarceva, lapatinib, PD0325901, avastin, herceptin, OSI-906, and/or
OSI-930.
For treating lung cancer, one may combine a compound of the present invention
with
taxotere (taxol), gemcitabine, cisplatin, pemetrexed, Tarceva, PD0325901,
and/or
avastin.
In other embodiments, agents useful in methods for combination therapy
with one or more compounds of structure (I) include, but are not limited to:
Erlotinib,
Afatinib, Iressa, GDC0941, MLN1117, BYL719 (Alpelisib), BKM120 (Buparlisib),
CYT387, GLPG0634, Baricitinib, Lestaurtinib, momelotinib, Pacritinib,
Ruxolitinib,
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TG101348, Crizotinib, tivantinib, AMG337, cabozantinib, foretinib,
onartuzumab,
NVP-AEW541, Dasatinib, Ponatinib, saracatinib, bosutinib, trametinib,
selumetinib,
cobimetinib, PD0325901, R05126766, Axitinib, Bevacizumab, Bostutinib,
Cetuximab,
Crizotinib, Fostamatinib, Gefitinib, Imatinib, Lapatinib, Lenvatinib,
Ibrutinib, Nilotinib,
Panitumumab, Pazopanib, Pegaptanib, Ranibizumab, Ruxolitinib, Sorafenib,
Sunitinib,
SU6656, Trastuzumab, Tofacitinib, Vandetanib, Vemurafenib, Irinotecan, Taxol,
Docetaxel, Rapamycin or MLN0128.
Further therapeutic agents that can be combined with a compound of the
invention are found in Goodman and Gilman's "The Pharmacological Basis of
Therapeutics" Tenth Edition edited by Hardman, Limbird and Gilman or the
Physician's Desk Reference, both of which are incorporated herein by reference
in their
entirety.
The compounds described herein can be used in combination with the
agents disclosed herein or other suitable agents, depending on the condition
being
treated. Hence, in some embodiments the one or more compounds of the invention
will
be co-administered with other agents as described above. When used in
combination
therapy, the compounds described herein are administered with the second agent
simultaneously or separately. This administration in combination can include
simultaneous administration of the two agents in the same dosage form,
simultaneous
administration in separate dosage forms, and separate administration. That is,
a
compound described herein and any of the agents described above can be
formulated
together in the same dosage form and administered simultaneously.
Alternatively, a
compound of the invention and any of the agents described above can be
simultaneously administered, wherein both the agents are present in separate
formulations. In another alternative, a compound of the present invention can
be
administered just followed by and any of the agents described above, or vice
versa. In
some embodiments of the separate administration protocol, a compound of the
invention and any of the agents described above are administered a few minutes
apart,
or a few hours apart, or a few days apart.
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The examples and preparations provided below further illustrate and
exemplify the compounds of the present invention and methods of preparing such
compounds. It is to be understood that the scope of the present invention is
not limited
in any way by the scope of the following examples and preparations. In the
following
examples, and throughout the specification and claims, molecules with a single
chiral
center, unless otherwise noted, exist as a racemic mixture. Those molecules
with two
or more chiral centers, unless otherwise noted, exist as a racemic mixture of
diastereomers. Single enantiomers/diastereomers may be obtained by methods
known
to those skilled in the art.
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EXAMPLES
The following examples are provided for exemplary purposes. Other
compounds of structure (I) were prepared according to the following general
procedures
as indicated in Table 1.
EXAMPLE 1
SYNTHESIS OF 3-(1-ACRYLOYLPIPERIDIN-3 -YL)-6-CHLOR0-8-FLUOR0-7-(2-FLUORO-6-
HYDROXYPHENYL)QUINAZOLIN-4(3H)-ONE (1)
o
io B(OH)2 0 0
0
is
OH F NH2
NCS,DMF -.._ CI
0 0 OH HNF---"\NH2 AcOH
) ___________________________________________ p- _____________________ a
Br F NH2 Suzuki 40 F 101 F NH2
F F
H
yoc yoc 0 rN
0,,..
(H\I N H OC 0 N CI io N
NH
0
/L2
I ..--,..,........-
TFA/DCM N
0 = _________________ *
F
110 F N HATU, DBU, CH3CN, rt ip
F N F
F F
0
1
.....r.0
CI).,
CI 0 L
BBr3 N.....
* N
______________ 0 0 L
N
F
..-
110 OPI 6 .41. N 1
F * F
F
Compound 1 was prepared according to the above synthetic scheme as
follows.
3-Amino-2,2'-difluoro-6'-methoxy-I1,1'-bipheny11-4-carboxylic acid
To a stirred solution of 2-amino-4-bromo-3-fluorobenzoic acid (10 g, 43
mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (400 mL) and H20 (100 mL), 2-fluoro-6-
methoxyphenylboronic
acid (36 g, 213 mmol), Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (2.5 g, 2.15
mmol) and
Na2CO3(27g,258mmo1) were added. The mixture was degassed and back-filled with
N2 several times, and stirred at 100 C overnight. The mixture was partitioned
between
water (500 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL X 2). The organic
layer was
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discarded, and 1M HC1 solution was added to the aqueous phase to adjust pH<3.
The
aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL x 2), washed with
brine, dried
over Na2SO4 and concentrated to afford the desired product (11g, 92% yield) as
a white
solid. ESI-MS m/z: 280.1 [M+H].
3-Amino-6-chloro-2,2'-difluoro-6'-methoxy-11,1'-bipheny11-4-carboxylic acid
To a solution of 3-amino-2,2'-difluoro-6'-methoxy-[1,1'-bipheny1]-4-
carboxylic acid (11 g, 39.6 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (100 mL) at RT, N-
chlorosuccinimde (5.27 g, 39.6 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was
stirred at
100 C for 1 h. The mixture was allowed to cool to RT, and the reaction
mixture was
slowly added to water (300 mL), the mixture was filtered and the cake was
dried to
afford the desired product (11.5 g, 93.1% yield) as a brown solid.
6-Chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)quinazolin-4-ol
A mixture of 3-amino-6-chloro-2,2'-difluoro-6'-methoxy-[1,1'-bipheny1]-
4-carboxylic acid (8.1 g, 25.8 mmol) in Et0H (150 mL), formimidamide acetate
(35 g,
336.4 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 100 C overnight. The
reaction
mixture was concentrated and water was added. The mixture was filtered and the
cake
was dried to afford the desired product (7.5 g, 90.3% yield) as a light yellow
solid.
tert-Buty13-(6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxypheny1)-4-oxoquinazolin-
3(4H)-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate
To a solution of 6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-
methoxyphenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (1.0 g, 3.1 mmol) in MeCN (20 mL), HATU
(4.7
g, 12.4 mmol), DBU (1.9 g, 12.4 mmol) and tert-buty13-aminopiperidine-1-
carboxylate
(2.3 g, 12.4 mmol) were added and the resulting mixture was stirred at RT for
48 h. The
mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was
washed
with brine, dried over with Na2504, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The
residue was
purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (ethyl acetate/
petroleum ether =
1:5 to 1:3) to give the product (670 mg, 42.7% yield). ESI-MS m/z: 506.2
[M+H]t
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6-Chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxypheny1)-3-(piperidin-3-yl)quinazolin-
4(31I)-one
To a solution of tert-butyl 3-(6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-
methoxypheny1)-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (230 mg, 0.57
mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL), TFA (4 mL) was added and the resulting
mixture
was stirred at RT for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue
was
partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over
anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue (230 mg) was
dissolved in DCM (10 mL), BBr3 (1.4 g, 5.7 mmol) was added at -78 C and the
mixture was stirred at RT for 3 h. The mixture was quenched with saturated
NaHCO3
solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over
anhydrous
Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash
column
chromatography on silica gel (Me0H/DCM = 1:30) to give the product (150 mg,
67%
yield). ESI-MS m/z: 392.1 [M+H]t
3-(1-Acryloylpiperidin-3-y1)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-
hydroxyphenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one
To a solution of 6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxypheny1)-3-
(piperidin-3-yl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (150 mg, 0.38 mmol) and triethylamine
(0.3 mL,
1.9 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) at 0 C, acryloyl chloride (70 mg, 0.77 mmol) was
added
and the resulting mixture was stirred for 20 min. The mixture was quenched
with
saturated NaHCO3 solution and partitioned between water and dichloromethane.
The
organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in
vacuo. The
residue was dissolved in THF (7 mL) and H20 (7 mL). Lithium hydroxide hydrate
(70
mg, 1.67 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at RT for 40 min. The pH
of
mixture was adjusted to 7 and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer
was dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was
purified by
Pre-TLC plate (Me0H/DCM =1:20) to give the product (42 mg, 22.6 % yield). ESI-
MS
m/z: 446.3 [M+H]t 111-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 6: 10.36 (s, 1H), 8.59 (s, 1H),
8.10
(s, 1H), 7.41-7.35 (m, 1H), 6.90-6.75 (m, 3H), 6.16 (d, J= 16.7 Hz, 1H), 5.73
(dd, J=
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2.1, 10.6 Hz, 1H), 4.61-4.48 (m, 2H), 4.19 (dd, J= 12.2, 71.5 Hz, 1H), 3.54-
2.65 (m,
1H), 3.20-3.09 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.16 (m, 1H), 2.04-1.88 (m, 2H), 1.59-1.53 (m,
1H).
EXAMPLE 2
SYNTHESIS OF N-(3 -(6-CHLOR0-8-FLUOR0-7-(2-FLUOR0-6-HYDR0XYPHENY0-4-
OXOQUINAZOLIN-3(41-1)-YL)CYCLOBUTYL)ACRYLAMIDE (2)
o 1-12N-0¨NHBo0 HBoo N 0 NH2
CI 0
r
F Ci 01 NH HATU TFA F ; BBr3
, DBU F N
N N
1-?!
DCM so DCM
F N MeCN,rt 161
0 0 o 0
0 N =r 0
CI N r
LOH F
CI J:rNH2CI F ,511
CI N
F
Et3N, DCM F N
0 THF/H20 is
01-r 2
OFT N 0)
Compound 2 was prepared according to the above synthetic scheme as
follows.
tert-Butyl 3-(6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxypheny1)-4-oxoquinazolin-
3(4H)-yl)cyclobutylcarbamate
To a solution of 6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-
methoxyphenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (0.6 g, 1.86 mmol) in MeCN (30 mL), HATU
(1.4 g, 3.72 mmol), DBU (1.7 g, 11.16 mmol) and tert-butyl 3-
aminocyclobutylcarbamate (0.415 g, 2.23 mmol) were added and the resulting
mixture
was stirred at RT for 48 h. The mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate
and
water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over with Na2504,
filtered and
concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography
on
silica gel (ethyl acetate/ petroleum ether = 1:3) to give the product (200 mg,
22% yield).
ESI-MS m/z: 491.1 [M+H]t
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N-(3-(6-Chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxypheny1)-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-
yl)cyclobutyl)acrylamide
To a solution of tert-butyl 3-(6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-
methoxypheny1)-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)cyclobutylcarbamate (200 mg, 0.40
mmol)
in DCM (5 mL), TFA (2 mL) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at
RT for
1 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in DCM
(3
mL), BBr3 (1 mL, 10.79 mmol) was added at -78 C and the mixture was stirred at
RT
for 2 h. The mixture was quenched at -78 C with Me0H and saturated NaHCO3
solution, and then was extracted with mixture solvent (DCM:Me0H= 10:1). The
organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in
vacuo. The
residue was dissolved in DCM (2 mL), Et3N (162 mg, 1.6 mmol) and acryloyl
chloride
(55 mg, 0.6 mmol) were added at 0 C and the resulting mixture was stirred for
20 min.
The mixture was quenched with saturated NaHCO3 solution and partitioned
between
water and DCM. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and
concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in THF (3 mL) and H20 (2 mL).
Lithium hydroxide hydrate (42 mg, 1.2 mmol) was added and the mixture was
stirred at
RT for 40 min. The pH of mixture was adjusted to 6 and extracted with ethyl
acetate.
The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated
in vacuo.
The residue was purified by Pre-TLC plate (Me0H/dichloromethane = 1:20) to
give the
product (31 mg, 18 % yield for 4steps). ESI-MS m/z: 431.1 [M+H]t 11-I NMR (400
MHz, DMSO-d6) 6:10.35 (s, 1H), 8.75 (d, J= 6.7 Hz, 1H), 8.61 (s, 1H), 8.07 (d,
J= 1.4
Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.34 (m, 1H), 6.87-6.79 (m, 2H), 6.30-6.23 (m, 1H), 6.15-6.10
(m, 1H),
5.63 (dd, J= 2.1, 9.9Hz, 1H), 5.30-5.22 (m, 1H), 4.39-4.33 (m, 1H), 2.91-2.84
(m, 2H),
2.48-2.44 (m, 2H).
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EXAMPLE 3
SYNTHESIS OF N-(4-(4-ACETYLPIPERAZIN-1-YL)-6-CHLOR0-8-FLUOR0-7-(2-FLUOR0-6-
HYDROXYPHENYL)QUINOLIN-3-YOACRYLAMIDE (3)
0
Et0 --==== OEt CI
Fe 0
AcOH/Me0H/EA 0 NCS, DMF CI Ai 0 OEt
N-'-'(.11-'0Et
Br Si NO2 Br NI-I2 0 C to R.T. Br NI-I2 F
H
70 C 120 C, neat 0 OEt
F F F
Boc
N
OH 0 CI 0
Boc¨N NH
Ph20, 250 C CI
'''.= OEt POCI3, DIEA, 130 C CI N 0
..= ' CI
s', OEt
Br 1111" N Br N DIEA, Dioxane, 90 C
...-
F F Br 4111111)11 N
F
F0...,..-
nal B(OH)2 yoc I
N N
WI 0 C ) ( )
I N 0 1) CF3COOH, DCM N 0
Li0H, THF/H20/Me0H
Pd(PP113).4, Na2CO3,
F CI so .õ, OEt 2) NaOH, AcCI
____________________________________________ ).- F CI 0 - __________ OEt
--- .-
Dioxane-H20, 90 C
1110 F N
So F N
0 0
I I
0y,
N Oy- Oy=
CN) 0 1) DPPA, Etpl, t-BuOH, DMF, 120 C, 2h N N
2) CF3COOH, DCM C ) BBr3, DCM, ( )
3)2M NaOH solution N -78 C to 40 C N
F Cl 0 ---- OH
--= ________________________________ ).- CI NH 2 _____ 0 FCI NH2
F 6 6
110 F N
"girr" N "IiirP. N
0 01 F
I 0 . OHF
N
0 ( )
N
H
..c., N,
1) Etpl, DCm CI FCI 6 r
__________________ ).-
Pligy
2) Li0H, THF/H20/Me0H N--. 0
SI OHF
Compound 3 was prepared according to the above synthetic scheme as
follows.
3-bromo-2-fluorobenzenamine
To a mixture of 1-bromo-2-fluoro-3-nitrobenzene (13.75 g, 62.76
mmol), HOAc (26.36 g, 439 mmol), Et0H (150 mL) and H20 (60 mL) at RT, iron
powder (9.14 g, 163 mmol) was added in portions. The resulting mixture was
stirred at
RT for 16 h and then was neutralized with NaOH (5 N) solution. The mixture was
extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried
over
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Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column
chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 10:1) to
afford the
desired product (7.77 g, 65% yield) as a brown oil.
3-Bromo-4-chloro-2-fluorobenzenamine
To a solution of 3-bromo-2-fluorobenzenamine (1.9 g, 10 mmol) in
DMF (10 mL) at RT, was added NCS (1.4 g, 10.5 mmol) and the resulting mixture
was
stirred at RT for 16 h. The mixture was poured into ice water and extracted
with ethyl
acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and
concentrated
in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel
(petroleum
ether/ethyl acetate = 30:1) to afford the desired product (1.15 g, 51% yield).
ESI-
MSm/z: 225.9 [M +
Diethyl 2-((3-bromo-4-chloro-2-fluorophenylamino)methylene)malonate
A mixture of 3-bromo-4-chloro-2-fluorobenzenamine (2.3 g, 10.2 mmol)
and diethy12-(ethoxymethylene)malonate (2.42 g, 11.22 mmol) was stirred at 120
C for
3 h. The mixture was allowed to cool to RT. Petroleum was added and stirred at
RT for
1 h. The precipitate was filtered and dried to afford the desired product
(2.76 g, 68.7%
yield). ESI-MS m/z: 395.9[M+H].
Ethyl 7-bromo-6-chloro-8-fluoro-4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylate
Diethyl 2-((3-bromo-4-chloro-2-fluorophenylamino)methylene)malonate
(2.76 g, 6.99 mmol) was suspended in Ph20 (20 mL).The mixture was stirred at
250 C
for 2 h. The mixture was allowed to cool to RT and then 100 mL of petroleum
ether
was added. The white solid was collected by filtration and rinsed with
petroleum ether
(100 mL) to afford the desired product (1.85 g, 76% yield). ESI-MS m/z: 349.9
[M +
I-1]+.
Ethyl 7-bromo-4,6-dichloro-8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxylate
A mixture of ethyl 7-bromo-6-chloro-8-fluoro-4-hydroxyquinoline-3-
carboxylate (1.85 g, 5.31 mmol) and POC13 (10 mL) was stirred at reflux for 4
h. The
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mixture was allowed to cool to RT and concentrated in vacuo to afford the
crude
product (1.41 g) which was used directly in the next step.
Ethy14-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-y1)-7-bromo-6-chloro-8-
fluoroquinoline-3-carboxylate
A mixture of ethyl 7-bromo-4,6-dichloro-8-fluoroquinoline-3-
carboxylate (1.41 g, 3.84 mmol), tert-butyl piperazine-l-carboxylate (1.43 g,
7.68
mmol), Et3N (1.55 g, 15.36 mmol) in DMSO (20 mL) was stirred at 80 C under
argon
for 2 h. The mixture was cooled to RT, poured into ice-water, and extracted
with ethyl
acetate. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4,
and
concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on
silica
gel (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate = 3:1) to afford the desired product (1.96
g, 98%
yield). ESI-MS m/z: 518.1 [M+H]t
Ethyl 4-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperazin-l-y1)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-
6-
methoxyphenyl)quinoline-3-carboxylate
A mixture of ethy14-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-y1)-7-bromo-6-
chloro-8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxylate (1.13 g, 2.19 mmol) and (2-fluoro-6-
methoxyphenyl)boronic acid (1.86 g, 10.93 mmol) in Na2CO3 aqueous solution
(3.64
mL, 1.5 M) and Dioxane (80 mL), was added Pd(PPh)4 under Ar. The mixture was
stirred at 90 C for 16 h. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified
by
column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate = 6:1) to
afford the
desired product (851 mg, 69% yield). ESI-MS m/z: 562.2 [M+H]t
Ethyl 4-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-y1)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-
methoxyphenyl)quinoline-3-carboxylate
A mixture of ethyl 4-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-y1)-6-chloro-8-
fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)quinoline-3-carboxylate (851 mg, 1.52 mmol)
in
DCM (20 mL) at RT, was added TFA (4 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred
for 2
h. The mixture was added to a stirred mixture of 2M NaOH (40mL) and ethyl
acetate
(40 mL). Then acetyl chloride (4 mL) was slowly added to the reaction. The
mixture
was extracted with ethyl acetate. The residue was purified by column
chromatography
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on silica gel (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate = 1:1) to afford the desired
product (575 mg,
75% yield). ESI-MS m/z: 504.3 [M+H]t
4-(4-Acetylpiperazin-1-y1)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-
methoxyphenyl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acid
A mixture of ethyl 4-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-y1)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-
fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)quinoline-3-carboxylate (267 mg, 053 mmol) in THF (20
mL)
and water (20 mL), was added lithium hydroxide (111 mg, 2.651 mmol) and the
resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The mixture was diluted with 2M
NaOH
(30 mL), and extracted with 50% ethyl acetate/petroleum ether. The water layer
was
acidified by 1M HC1 and extracted with ethyl acetate. The solvent was removed
to
afford the product (277 mg, crude). ESI-MS m/z: 476.2 [M+H].
1-(4-(3-Amino-6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)quinolin-4-
yl)piperazin-l-yl)ethanone
A mixture of 4-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-y1)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-
methoxyphenyl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acid (277 mg, 0.58 mmol) and Et3N (235
mg,
2.33 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) and t-BuOH (3 mL), was added DPPA (401 mg, 1.456
mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at 120 C for 2.5 h. The mixture
was
allowed to cool to RT and quenched with water (50 mL). The mixture was
extracted
with ethyl acetate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in a
mixture of
DCM (10 mL) and TFA (3 mL), and then stirred for 1 h. The mixture was added to
2M
NaOH (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was
washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue
was
purified by column chromatography on silica gel (DCM/Me0H = 30:1) to afford
the
desired product (120 mg, 46% yield). ESI-MS m/z: 447.2 [M+H]t
1-(4-(3-Amino-6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)quinolin-4-
yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanone
A mixture of 1-(4-(3-amino-6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-
methoxyphenyl)quinolin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanone (120 mg, 0.27 mmol) in DCM
(10 mL) at -78 C, was added BBr3 (674 mg, 2.69 mmol) and the resulting
mixture was
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stirred at RT for 2 h. The mixture was poured to ice-water, and partitioned
between
ethyl acetate and NaHCO3 solution. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and
concentrated in vacuo to afford the desired product (194 mg, crude). ESI-MS
m/z:
433.2 [M+H]t
N-(4-(4-Acetylpiperazin-1-y1)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-
hydroxyphenyl)quinolin-3-yl)acrylamide
A mixture of 1-(4-(3-amino-6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-
hydroxyphenyl)quinolin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanone (194 mg, 0.45 mmol) and
Et3N
(181 mg, 1.80 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) and THF (20 mL), was added acryloyl
chloride
(162 mg, 1.796 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0 C for 30 min.
The
mixture was partitioned between DCM and NaHCO3 solution. The organic layer was
dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in THF
(10
mL) and water (10 mL), and lithium hydroxide (75 mg, 1.794 mmol) was added.
The
mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h. The mixture was adjusted pH to 8 with 1N
HC1 and
NaHCO3 solution, and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was
dried
over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel (DCM/Me0H = 30:1) to afford the desired product
(32
mg, 24% yield for two steps). ESI-MS m/z: 487.3 [M+H]t 11I-NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d6) 6: 10.26 (s, 1H), 10.06 (s, 1H), 8.70 (s, 1H), 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.39 (t,
Ji= 7.6
Hz, J2 = 15.2 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (m, 2H), 6.61 (m, 1H), 6.36 (m, 1H), 5.88 (m, 1H),
3.69 (m,
4H), 3.29 (m, 4H), 2.07 (s, 3H).
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EXAMPLE 4
SYNTHESIS OF 3-(1-ACRYLOYLAZETIDIN-3 -YL)-6-CHLOR0-8-FLUOR0-7-(2-FLUOR0-6-
HYDROXYPHENYL)QUINAZOLIN-4(3H)-oNE (4)
,Boc 0
0
LiNH
CI N CI N
F CI * NH H2N¨N¨Boc F
CF3COOH F
F
DBU, HATU, CH3CN
0 DCM
IW 0
0
0
0 /NH CI 0 NA
CI N CI
BBr3
1 , Et3N, DC M F N
Nl
DCM
OH OH
2.1jOH.H20,THF/H20 ________________________________ '
4
Compound 4 was prepared according to the above synthetic scheme as
follows.
tert-Butyl 3-(6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxypheny1)-4-oxoquinazolin-
3(4H)-y1)azetidine-1-carboxylate
To a solution of 6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-
methoxyphenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (1 g, 3.1 mmol) in MeCN (20 mL), HATU (3.53
g, 9.32 mmol), DBU (4.73 g, 31.06 mmol) and tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-
carboxylate (2.14 g, 12.42 mmol) were added and the resulting mixture was
stirred at
RT for 16 h. The mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The
organic
layer was washed with brine, dried over with Na2504, filtered and concentrated
in
vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel
(ethyl
acetate/ petroleum ether = 1:10 to 1:2) to give the product (500 mg, 34%
yield). ESI-
MS m/z: 478.2 [M+H]+.
3-(Azetidin-3-y1)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)quinazolin-
4(3H)-
one
To a solution of tert-butyl 3-(6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-
methoxypheny1)-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (400 mg, 0.84
mmol) in DCM (10 mL), TFA (4 mL) was added and the resulting mixture was
stirred
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at RT for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was
partitioned
between water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4,
filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue (220 mg) was dissolved in DCM
(20
mL), BBr3 (0.2 mL, 2.16 mmol) was added at -78 C and the resulting mixture
was
stirred at RT for 1.5 h. The mixture was quenched with saturated NaHCO3
solution and
extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4,
filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by Pre-TLC plate
on silica
gel (Me0H/DCM = 1:10) to give the product (42 mg, 39% yield for 2 steps). ESI-
MS
m/z: 364.1 [M+H]+.
3-(1-Acryloylazetidin-3-y1)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-
hydroxyphenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one
To a solution of 3-(azetidin-3-y1)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-
methoxyphenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (130 mg, 0.36 mmol) and triethylamine (217
mg,
2.15 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) at -78 C, acryloyl chloride (65 mg, 0.72 mmol) was
added and the mixture was stirred -60 C for 20 min. The mixture was quenched
with
saturated NaHCO3 solution and partitioned between water and DCM. The organic
layer
was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The
residue was
dissolved in THF (7 mL) and H20 (7 mL). Lithium hydroxide hydrate (360 mg, 8.6
mmol) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 40 min. The pH
of
mixture was adjusted to 6 and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic
layer was
dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue
was
purified by Pre-TLC plate (Me0H/DCM = 1:15) to afford the product (42 mg, 29 %
yield). ESI-MS m/z: 418.1 [M+H]. 11-INMR (400MIlz, DMSO-d6) 6:10.36 (s, 1H),
8.53 (s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H),7.40-7.34 (m ,1H), 6.87-6.80 (m ,2H), 6.40-6.33 (m,
1H),
6.18-6.13 (m,1H), 5.76-5.71(m, 1H), 5.34-5.30 (m, 1H), 4.68-4.64 (m, 2H), 4.47-
4.44
(m,1H), 4.43-4.31(m,1H).
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EXAMPLE 5
SYNTHESIS OF 3-(1-ACRYLOYLAZETIDIN-3-YL)-6-AMIN0-8-CHLOR0-7-(3-
HYDROXYNAPHTHALEN-1-YL)QUINAZOLIN-4(3H)-ONE (12)
OH ?H
Br No CI,C¨(OH, io r
Me0H.NH3 Br NO2 io _r 110 NO
Fe, AcOH
2 MeCN CI Et0H/H20 Br ci Na2SO4, Conc.
HCI, H20
NB2
1)
NH 2) NH20H HCI Br N
0
CI
0 0 0
Conc.H2SO4 0 3V4H2 2. HV-7--NH2 HOAc up NH KNO3
ON NH H2N¨CN-Boc
.4j = j
________ . Br N 2N NaOH Br =COOH NH 2 Br N
H2SO4 Br N-4 DBU, HATU, CH,CN
CI CI CI CI
13(OH)2
01 H2N 14,04-B00
0 recr-Boc H N 0 00 HO* Ho re j.
112N eCYB
=
=
HO
02N
P Na2CO3, ci TFA/ DCM
Br j. FHe2,0HIBOtA0cH H2
r Iris CI
CI D[oxane-HA 90 C
CI
rt
!5:,,
N-C
HO quip
Na0H, THF' Is CI
2-Bromo-6-nitroaniline
A mixture of 1-bromo-2-fluoro-3-nitrobenzene (20.0 g, 91.37 mmol) and
NH3 in CH3OH (7M, 60 mL) was stirred at 100 C in a sealed tube for 16 h. The
solvent
was removed and the residue was dissolved in H20, extracted with ethyl
acetate. The
organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in
vacuo. The
residue was purified by column chromatography eluting with (ethyl
acetate/petroleum
ether = 1:100) to afford the desired product as a yellow solid (16.0 g, 81.2%
yield).
1-Bromo-2-chloro-3-nitrobenzene
A mixture of 2-bromo-6-nitroaniline (16.0 g, 74.10 mmol), tert-butyl
nitrite (11.40 g 111.15mmol) and CuC12 (12.0 g, 88.90 mmol) in CH3CN (160 mL)
was
stirred at 60 C under argon for 1 h. The mixture was allowed to cool to RT,
quenched
with H20, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with
brine,
dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by
column
chromatography on silica (ethyl acetate/petroleum ether = 1:100) to yield the
product
(15.0 g, 86.2% yield).
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3-Bromo-2-chlorobenzenamine
To a mixture of 1-bromo-2-chloro-3-nitrobenzene (15.0 g, 63.60 mmol),
HOAc (20 mL), Et0H (120 mL) and H20 (40 mL) at RT, iron powder (10.7 g, 190.70
mmol) was added in portions. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h
and then
was neutralized with NaOH (5 N) solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl
acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and
concentrated
in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica
gel
(petroleum ether/ethyl acetate = 10:1) to afford the desired product (14.0 g,
100%
yield).
(E)-N-(3-Bromo-2-chloropheny1)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetamide
A mixture of 2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diol (13.5 g, 82.00 mmol) and
Na2SO4 (87.3 g, 614.70 mmol) in water was warmed to 35 C. 3-bromo-2-
chlorobenzenamine (14.0 g, 68.30 mmol) in water was added, followed by 35%
aqueous HC1 (30 mL) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (14.2 g, 204.90 mmol). The
resulting mixture was stirred at 90 C for 16 h and yellow precipitate was
formed. The
mixture was allowed to cool to RT. The solid was filtered, washed with water
and dried
in the air to afford the desired product (14.5 g, 76.3% yield).
6-Bromo-7-chloroindoline-2,3-dione
To the concentrated sulfuric acid (120 mL) at 60 C, was added (E)-N-
(3-bromo-2-chloropheny1)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetamide (14.5 g, 52.25 mmol). The
temperature was raised to 90 C and maintained for 3 h. The reaction mixture
was
allowed to cool to RT and poured into ice to get yellow precipitate. The
precipitate was
collected by filtration and dried to afford the desired product (7.4 g, 54.4%
yield).
2-Amino-4-bromo-3-chlorobenzoic acid
To a solution of 6-bromo-7-chloroindoline-2,3-dione (7.4 g, 28.57
mmol) in 2 N NaOH (200 mL) at 0 C, was added H202 (30%, 20 mL) and the
resulting
mixture was stirred at 0 C for 30 min and then at RT for 16 h. The mixture
was poured
into ice-water and the solution was acidified with conc. HC1. The precipitate
was
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collected by filtration and dried in the air to afford the desired product
(2.5 g, 35.2%
yield).
7-Bromo-8-chloroquinazolin-4(3H)-one
To a solution of 2-amino-4-bromo-3-chlorobenzoic acid (2.5 g, 10.00
mmol) in 2-methoxyethanol (50 mL) at RT, was added formamidine acetate (6.2 g,
60.00 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at reflux for 16 h. The
mixture was
concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between water and ethyl
acetate.
The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in
vacuo.
The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (DCM/methanol
=
100:1 to 50:1) to afford the desired product (1.8 g, 69.2% yield). ESI-MSm/z:
258.8
[M+H]+.
7-Bromo-8-chloro-6-nitroquinazolin-4(3H)-one
To a solution of 7-bromo-8-chloroquinazolin-4(3H)-one (1.8 g, 6.95
mmol) in H2SO4 (20 mL) at RT, was added KNO3 (1.1 g, 10.42mmol) and the
mixture
was stirred at 100 C for 16 h. The mixture was poured into ice-water. The
precipitate
was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried to afford the desired
product
(1.5 g, 71.4% yield). ESI-MS m/z: 303.9 [M+H]+.
tert-Buty13-(7-bromo-8-chloro-6-nitro-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)azetidine-1-
carboxylate
To a solution of 7-bromo-8-chloro-6-nitroquinazolin-4(3H)-one (1.5 g,
4.93 mmol) in MeCN (20 mL), HATU (3.75 g, 9.86 mmol), DBU (4.5 g, 29.58 mmol)
and tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate (1.3 g, 7.40 mmol) were added
and the
resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h. The mixture was partitioned
between ethyl
acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over with
Na2SO4,
filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column
chromatography on silica gel (ethyl acetate/ petroleum ether = 1:5 to 1:3) to
afford the
product (1.0 g, 43.5% yield). ESI-MS m/z: 459.0 [M+H]+.
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tert-Buty13-(6-amino-7-bromo-8-chloro-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)azetidine-1-
carboxylate
To a mixture of tert-buty13-(7-bromo-8-chloro-6-nitro-4-oxoquinazolin-
3(4H)-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (300 mg, 0.66 mmol), HOAc(2 mL), Et0H (12 mL)
and H20 (4 mL) at RT, iron powder (183.4 mg, 3.28 mmol) was added in portions
and
the resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The mixture was neutralized
with
NaOH (2 N) solution and then was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic
layer was
washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue
was
purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether/ethyl
acetate =
10:1) to afford the desired product (283 mg, 100% yield).
tert-Buty13-(6-amino-8-chloro-7-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-4-y1)-4-oxoquinazolin-
3(4H)-yl)azetidine-l-carboxylate
A mixture of tert-buty13-(6-amino-7-bromo-8-chloro-4-oxoquinazolin-
3(4H)-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (283 mg, 0.66 mmol), 3-hydroxynaphthalen-1-y1-
1-
boronic acid (142.1 mg, 0.66 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (76.2 mg, 0.1 mmol) and Na2CO3
(209.9 mg, 1.98 mmol ) in 1,4-dioxane/H20 (16 mL/4 mL) was stirred at 100 C
under
argon for 16 h. The mixture was allowed to cool to RT and concentrated in
vacuo. The
residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to afford the
desired
product as a white solid (150 mg, 46.2% yield).
6-Amino-3-(azetidin-3-y1)-8-chloro-7-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-4-yl)quinazolin-
4(311)-one
To a solution of tert-buty13-(6-amino-8-chloro-7-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-
4-y1)-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (150 mg, 0.30 mmol) in
DCM
(16 mL), TFA (4 mL) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at RT for
1 h.
The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between
water and
ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and
concentrated in vacuo to afford the desired product (80 mg).
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3-(1-Acryloylazetidin-3-y1)-6-amino-8-chloro-7-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-4-
yl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one
A mixture of 6-amino-3-(azetidin-3-y1)-8-chloro-7-(2-
hydroxynaphthalen-4-yl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (80 mg, 0.20 mmol) and NaOH (5 mL,
2N) in THF (20 mL) at 0 C, acryloyl chloride (18 mg, 0.20 mmol) was added and
the
resulting mixture was stirred at 0 C for 30 min. The mixture was partitioned
between
ethyl acetate and NaHCO3 solution. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and
concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on
silica gel
(DCM/Me0H = 30:1) to afford the desired product (18 mg, 20.2% yield). ESI-MS
m/z:
447.1 [M+H]t 111 NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 6: 8.31 (s, 1H), 8.02(d, J= 8.0 Hz,
1H), 7.78 (d, J= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.47-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.35-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.21
(m, 2H),
7.10 (d, J= 2.8 Hz, 1H), 6.44 (dd, J= 1.6, 17.2 Hz, 1H), 6.24 (dd, J= 10.4,
17.2 Hz,
1H), 5.79 (dd, J= 1.2, 10.4 Hz, 1H), 5.43-5.30 (m, 1H), 4.78-4.56 (m, 4H).
EXAMPLE 6
SYNTHESIS OF 3-(1-ACRYLOYLAZETIDIN-3-YL)-8-CHLOR0-5-HYDROXY-743-
HYDROXYNAPHTHALEN-1-YOQUINAZOLIN-4(3H)-ONE (14)
, 0
0 0 0 0 0
40 Br2 t-BuONO so Fe,Et0H i th.
NO2 MeCN,CuCl2 Br NO2 (COCI)2
4111111)-P NH2 AICI3 ,CIH2CH2C1 Br
Br
NO2 CH2Cl2 N
H20,H0Ac Br
NH2 NH2 CI CI CI H
B(OH)2
0 0 0 0 0 , Boc SO
di
30%H202 ----. " COOH HN' NH2 HOAc =digli NH
HATU
NLIN HO '
2N NaOHEt0H DBU 0
Dioxane-H20, 90 C
IW
Br IV NH2 Br N mecN Br N
Pd(PPh3)4, Na2CO3,
CI CI CI
OH 0
,Boc 0 0
1) ,.\IH
0 0 Ly LINN
HO Ali 40 TFA ._ HO Ali 40 ) BBr di i I ..0
* I
N
N N
3
NI ci cH2c12 ci cH2c12 HO uure ci
0
OH 0 ).
0 LJN
)=
1.1 )
______________ HO
DIPEA, CH2Cl2 N41)
40 ci
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2-Bromo-4-methoxy-6-nitrobenzenamine
To a solution of 4-methoxy-2-nitrobenzenamine (6.72 g, 40 mmol) in
DCM (70 mL) at -20 C, bromine (2.50 mL, 48 mmol) was added dropwise. The
mixture was stirred at -20 C for 30 min. The mixture was poured into ice-
water. The
pH was adjusted to 8 with saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution and
then
extracted with DCM. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4
and
concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on
silica
gel (DCM/petroleum ether = 1:2) to yield the product (6.42 g, 65% yield). ESI-
MS m/z:
247.0 [M +H].
1-Bromo-2-chloro-5-methoxy-3-nitrobenzene
To a solution of t-Butyl nitrite (3.75 g, 36.4 mmol) and CuC12 (3.92 g,
29.2 mmol) in acetonitrile (120 mL) at 60 C, was added 2-bromo-4-methoxy-6-
nitrobenzenamine (6.0 g, 24.3 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at
60 C
overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in
DCM
(100 mL), washed with brine, dried over Na2504 and concentrated in vacuo. The
residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (DCM/petroleum
ether =
1:3) to yield the product (5.01 g, 77% yield).
3-Bromo-2-chloro-5-methoxybenzenamine
To a mixture of 1-bromo-2-chloro-5-methoxy-3-nitrobenzene (5.01 g,
18.8 mmol) and HOAc (6 mL) in Et0H (36 mL) and H20 (12 mL) at RT, iron powder
(3.14 g, 56.3mmol) was added portion-wise. The resulting mixture was stirred
at RT for
16 h and then was neutralized with NaOH (5 N) solution. The mixture was
extracted
with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2504
and
concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography
on
silica gel (DCM/petroleum ether = 1:3) to afford the desired product (3.90 g,
88% yield)
as a brown oil. ESI-MSm/z: 237.9 [M+H]+.
6-Bromo-7-chloro-4-methoxyindoline-2,3-dione
To a solution of 3-bromo-2-chloro-5-methoxybenzenamine (3.9 g, 16.5
mmol) in 1,2-dichloromethane (50 mL) at 0 C, oxalyl chloride (2.7 g, 21.4
mmol) was
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added and the resulting mixture was allowed to warm to RT and stirred at RT
for 4 h.
The mixture was stirred at 55 C for 30 min and cooled back down to 0 C.
A1C13 (2.8
g, 21.4 mmol) was added in portions. The mixture was stirred at 55 C
overnight. The
mixture was diluted with DCM (50 mL), washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and
concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on
silica
gel (DCM/petroleum ether = 1:3) to yield the product (3.1g, 65% yield). ESI-MS
m/z:
291.9 [M+H]t
2-Amino-4-bromo-3-chloro-6-methoxybenzoic acid
To a solution of 6-bromo-7-chloro-4-methoxyindoline-2,3-dione (3.1 g,
10.7 mmol) in 2 N NaOH (80 mL) was added H202 (30%, 8 mL) at 0 C, the mixture
was stirred at 0 C for 30 min. After stirring at room temperature for 16 h,
the mixture
was poured into ice water, the solution was acidified with Conc. HC1, the
precipitate
was filtered and dried in the air to afford the desired product as a white
solid (1.6 g,
53% yield). ESI-MSm/z: 278.9 [M +El]t
7-Bromo-8-chloro-5-methoxyquinazolin-4(3H)-one
To a solution of 2-amino-4-bromo-3-chloro-6-methoxybenzoic acid (1.6
g, 5.7 mmol) in ethanol (25 mL) at RT, formamidine acetate (3.6 g, 34.3 mmol)
was
added and the resulting mixture was stirred at reflux for 16 h. The mixture
was
concentrated in vacuo and the residue was diluted with water. The aqueous
solution was
extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried
over
Na2504 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column
chromatography on silica gel (DCM/methanol = 100:1 to 50:1) to afford the
desired
product (700 mg, 42% yield).
tert-Butyl 3-(7-bromo-8-chloro-5-methoxy-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)azetidine-1-
carboxylate
To a solution of 7-bromo-8-chloro-5-methoxyquinazolin-4(3H)-one (630
mg, 2.18 mmol) in MeCN (15 mL), HATU (1.66 g, 4.36 mmol), DBU (1.99 g, 13.08
mmol) and tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate (562 mg, 3.27 mmol) were
added
and the resulting mixture was stirred at 80 C overnight. The mixture was
partitioned
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between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with brine,
dried over
with Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by
flash
column chromatography on silica gel (ethyl acetate/ petroleum ether = 1:1) to
afford the
product (360 mg, 37% yield). ESI-MSm/z: 446.0 [M +H]+.
tert-Butyl 3-(8-chloro-7-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-4-y1)-5-methoxy-4-oxoquinazolin-
3(4H)-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate
A mixture of tert-butyl 3-(7-bromo-8-chloro-5-methoxy-4-
oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (300 mg, 0.67 mmol), 3-
hydroxynaphthalen-1-y1-1-boronic acid (127 mg, 0.67 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (81 mg,
0.07
mmol) and Na2CO3 (142 mg, 1.34 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane/H20 (8 mL/2 mL) was
stirred
under argon at 100 C overnight. The mixture was allowed to cool to RT and
concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography
on
silica gel (ethyl acetate/ petroleum ether = 1:2) to afford the product (221
mg, 65%
yield). ESI-MS m/z: 508.2 [M+H]t
3-(Azetidin-3-y1)-8-chloro-7-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-4-y1)-5-methoxyquinazolin-
4(311)-one
To a solution of tert-butyl 3-(8-chloro-7-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-4-y1)-5-
methoxy-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (160 mg, 0.44 mmol)
in
DCM (6 mL), TFA (2 mL) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at RT
for 1
h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash
column
chromatography on silica gel (DCM/Me0H/NH31120= 5:1:0.2) to afford the product
(160 mg, 90% yield). ESI-MS m/z: 408.1 [M+H]t
3-(Azetidin-3-y1)-8-chloro-5-hydroxy-7-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-4-yl)quinazolin-
4(31I)-one
To a mixture of 3-(azetidin-3-y1)-8-chloro-7-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-4-
y1)-5-methoxyquinazolin-4(3H)-one (160 mg, 0.39 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) at -78 C,
BBr3 (490 mg, 1.96 mmol) was added slowly. The mixture was stirred at RT for 3
h and
poured into ice-water. K2CO3 was added. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo.
The
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residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (DCM/Me0H/NH31-120
=
5:1:0.2) to afford the desired product (92 mg, 60% yield). ESI-MS m/z: 394.1
[M+H].
3-(1-Acryloylazetidin-3-y1)-8-chloro-5-hydroxy-7-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-4-
yl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one
To a mixture of 3-(azetidin-3-y1)-8-chloro-5-hydroxy-7-(2-
hydroxynaphthalen-4-yl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (92 mg, 0.23 mmol) and DIPEA (59
mg,
0.46 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) at -78 C, was added dropwise a solution of acryloyl
chloride (21 mg, 0.23 mmol) in DCM (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at -78 C
for 10
min. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by
prep-TLC
plate (DCM/Me0H = 8:1) to afford the desired product (8 mg, 8% yield). ESI-MS
m/z:
448.1 [M+H]t
(400M1-1z, CDC13) 6:11.36 (s, 1H), 8.28 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, J=
8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.41 (m, 1H), 7.35-7.32 (m, 1H), 7.28 (d, J= 2.4 Hz, 1H),
7.24-7.21
(m, 1H), 7.06 (d, J= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 6.44 (dd, J= 1.6, 17.2 Hz,
1H), 6.24
(dd, J= 10.4, 16.8 Hz, 1H), 5.80 (dd, J = 1.6, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 5.41-5.34 (m,
1H), 4.77-
4.57 (m, 4H).
EXAMPLE 7
BIOCHEMICAL ASSAY OF THE COMPOUNDS
Test compounds were prepared as 10 mM stock solutions in DMSO
(Fisher cat# BP-231-100). KRAS G12C 1-169, his-tagged protein, GDP-loaded was
diluted to 2 im in buffer (20mM Hepes, 150mM NaC1, 1mM MgC12). Compounds
were tested for activity as follows:
Compounds were diluted to 50X final test concentration in DMSO in 96-
well storage plates. Compound stock solutions were vortexed before use and
observed
carefully for any sign of precipitation. Dilutions were as follow:
1. For 100 M final compound
concentration, compounds
were diluted to 500004 (5 1 10mM compound stock + 5 1DMS0 and mixed well by
pipetting.
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2. For 30 M final compound concentration, compounds
were diluted to 150004 (3 1 10mM compound stock + 17111 DMSO) and mixed well
by pipetting.
3. For 10 M final compound concentration, compounds
were diluted to 50004 (2 1 10mM compound stock + 38111 DMSO) and mixed well by
pipetting.
49 1 of the stock protein solution was added to each well of a 96-well
PCR plate (Fisher cat# 1423027). 1 1 of the diluted 50X compounds were added
to
appropriate wells in the PCR plate using 12-channel pipettor. Reactions were
mixed
carefully and thoroughly by pipetting up/down with a 200111 multi-channel
pipettor.
The plate was sealed well with aluminum plate seal, and stored in drawer at
room
temperature for 30 min, 2 hour or 24hrs. 5 1 of 2% formic acid (Fisher cat#
A117) in
DI H20 was then added to each well followed by mixing with a pipette. The
plate was
then resealed with aluminum seal and stored on dry ice until analyzed as
described
below.
The above described assays were analyzed by mass spectrometry
according to one of the following two procedures:
RapidFire/TOF Assay:
The MS instrument is set to positive polarity, 2 GHz resolution, and low
mass (1700) mode and allowed to equilibrate for 30 minutes. The instrument is
then
calibrated, switched to acquisition mode and the appropriate method loaded.
After another 30 minute equilibration time, a blank batch (i.e., buffer) is
run to ensure equipment is operating properly. The samples are thawed at 37 C
for 10
minutes, briefly centrifuged, and transfer to the bench top. Wells Al and H12
are
spiked with 1 uL 500 uM internal standard peptide, and the plates centrifuged
at 2000 x
g for 5 minutes. The method is then run and masses of each individual well
recorded.
The masses (for which integration data is desired) for each well are
pasted into the platemap and exported from the analysis. Masses for the
internal
standards are exported as well. The data at 50 ppm is extracted for the +19
charge state,
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and identity of well Al is assigned using the internal standard spike and
integrated.
Peak data is exported as a TOF list and the above steps are repeated
individually, for the
+20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25 charge states.
Q-Exactive Assay:
The masses and peak intensities of KRAS G12C protein species were
measured using a Dionex RSLCnano system (Thermo Scientific) connected to a Q
Exactive Plus mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific).
20 mL of sample was each loaded onto a AerisTM 3.6 p.m WIDEPORE
C4 200 A, LC Column 50 x 2.1 mm column maintained at 40 C at a flow rate of
600 .1
min' with 20% Solvent A (0.1% formic acid in H20) and 80% Solvent B (0.1%
formic
acid in acetonitrile). The liquid chromatography conditions were 20% solvent B
for 1
min, 20% to 60% solvent B for 1.5 min, 60% to 90% solvent for 0.5 min, 90%
solvent
B for 0.2 min, 90% to 20% solvent B for 0.2 min, and then equilibrated for 1.6
min
before the following sample injection. The flow rate was maintained at 600
11.1 min'
throughout the sample analysis.
The mass spectrometer was operated in profile mode at a resolution of
17500, 5 microscans, using 50 msec max injection time and an AGC target of
1e6, and
a full mass range from 800-1850 m/z was recorded. The HCD trapping gas was
optimized for maximum sensitivity for intact proteins. The ionization method
was
electrospray ionization, which used a spray voltage of 4kV, sheath gas flow
set to 50 au,
auxiliary gas flow set to 10 au and sweep gas flow set to 1 au. The capillary
ion transfer
temperature was 320 C and the S-lens RF level was set to 50 voltage. Protein
Deconvolution software (Thermo Scientific) was used to deconvolute the charge
envelopes of protein species in samples.
Data was analyzed using the Thermo protein deconvolution
package. Briefly the charge envelope for each observed species was
quantitatively
deconvoluted to determine the mass and intensity of each parent species
(modified or
unmodified protein). % modification was calculated based on the deconvoluted
peak
intensities.
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Other in vitro analyses are as follows:
Inhibition of Cell Growth:
The ability of the subject compounds to inhibit RAS-mediated cell
growth is assessed and demonstrated as follows. Cells expressing a wildtype or
a
mutant RAS are plated in white, clear bottom 96 well plates at a density of
5,000 cells
per well. Cells are allowed to attach for about 2 hours after plating before a
compound
disclosed herein is added. After certain hours (e.g., 24 hours, 48 hours, or
72 hours of
cell growth), cell proliferation is determined by measuring total ATP content
using the
Cell Titer Glo reagent (Promega) according to manufacturer's instructions.
Proliferation EC5Os is determined by analyzing 8 point compound dose responses
at
half-log intervals decreasing from 100 M.
Inhibition of RAS-mediated signaling transduction:
The ability of the compounds disclosed herein in inhibiting RAS-
mediated signaling is assessed and demonstrated as follows. Cells expressing
wild type
or a mutant RAS (such as G12C, G12V, or G12A) are treated with or without
(control
cells) a subject compound. Inhibition of RAS signaling by one or more subject
compounds is demonstrated by a decrease in the steady-state level of
phosphorylated
MEK, phosphorylated ERK, phosphorylated RSK, and/or Raf binding in cells
treated
with the one or more of the subject compounds as compared to the control
cells.
Compound 2 was tested according to the above methods and found to
covalently bind to KRAS G12C to the extent of greater than about 30% (i.e., at
least
about 30% of the protein present in the well was found to be covalently bound
to test
compound). Other compounds were tested under similar conditions. Results are
presented in Table 2.
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Table 2
Activity of Representative Compounds*
No Binding No Binding No Binding No Binding
%. . . .
%
%
1 ++1. 2 ++1. 3 ++1. 4 ++1.
++; +++;
++1 6 1
+++1. +++1
+++;
9 1011 TBD 12 ++
+++1
13 TBD 14 +++ 15 TBD 16 TBD
17 TBD
* binding activity determined at 2 hours unless otherwise noted
+ indicates binding activity up to 5%
5 ++ indicates binding activity from 5% up to 50%
+++ indicates binding activity 50% or greater
1. indicates binding activity determined at 4 hours
indicates binding activity determined at 6 hours
TBD = to be determined
All of the U.S. patents, U.S. patent application publications, U.S. patent
applications, foreign patents, foreign patent applications and non-patent
publications
referred to in this specification or the attached Application Data Sheet are
incorporated
herein by reference, in their entirety to the extent not inconsistent with the
present
description.
U.S. provisional patent application Serial No. 62/195,636 filed July 22,
2015, U.S. provisional patent application Serial No. 62/342,078 filed May 26,
2016, the
GCC patent application Serial No. 31750, filed July 21, 2016 and Jordanian
patent
application Serial No. 150/2016, filed on July 21, 2016 are incorporated
herein by
reference, in their entirety.
From the foregoing it will be appreciated that, although specific
embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of
illustration,
various modifications may be made without deviating from the spirit and scope
of the
invention. Accordingly, the invention is not limited except as by the appended
claims.
112