Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field Of The Invention
In the modern world, humanity is spending more effort to get "Green" energy
available in
the environment without burning up any kind of fuel. One of the directions is
wind energy.
Extracting energy from the wind is more efficient and promising direction of
getting clear
green energy.
US7132760; US8109732; US7365448; US20100166553; US4166596; US6158953;
US6975045; US7679209; US7821148; US8192169
Any electrical station extracting energy from the wind blow consists of three
main parts:
the base; unit to convert energy of wind blow to mechanical rotary motion; and
electrical
generator converting rotary motion to electrical energy. The unit converting
energy of the
wind blow to mechanical motion is the heart of the wind generators. This is
the main unit
affecting efficiency of wind electrical station.
Practically all variety of different wind generators could be divided on two
major groups.
Wind generators with vertical axis of rotation (Fig 1).
Wind generators with horizontal axis of rotation (Fig 2).
Wind generators with vertical axis of rotation can accept the wind from any
direction with
no changing position of the unit, and this is practically only advantage what
they have. The
main principle of the generators with vertical axis is: the special profile of
the blades which
have different air resistance from different directions of wind blow. Because
of that its starts
rotating under the wind blow. But difference of air resistance is not big and
torque what
could be created by such unit is minimal. This kind of wind generators has low
efficiency
compare with wind generators having horizontal axis. Usually generators of
this group are
relatively small in sizes. They are using for small applications such as
traffic lights.
Wind generators with horizontal axis of rotation (Windmill) are a major group
of wind
generators in the world. Windmills are more efficient and powerful and they
are using to
produce majority of wind electrical energy. The large windmill could produce
up to 8
megawatts energy. These windmills are huge. The column is about 80 meters high
and
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diameter of the propeller is about 100 meters. When propeller of such huge
windmill
rotating with only 12 revolutions per minute, the end of the blade has linear
speed equals
63 meters per second ¨ or 226 kilometers per hour. Those blades of windmill
have to be
extremely strong and precise.
At high speed of the wind (20 meter per second), the windmill has to be wind-
vane in
order to minimize its wind resistance ¨ stop rotation, to not destroy all
mechanism of the
wind electrical station. Propeller of the windmill has a special mechanism to
change
angular position of the blade (pitch). This is a sophisticated mechanism. At
vane position,
three blade propellers create a huge horizontal force applying on a vertical
column. The
column itself has large dimension and is a subject of very large horizontal
force created by
wind pressure. This column has to be extremely strong to withhold this force
of wind
pressure.
The linear speed of each area of the blade is equal RPM multiply 2Tr multiply
radius.
Further from center of rotation faster is the linear speed.
Propeller of the large size windmill usually rotating with speed 15
revolutions per minute.
At this RPM on the 8 meters radius from axis of rotation linear speed on the
blade became
12.5 meters per second. Speed of the wind of 10 meter per second can be
considered as
fast, strong wind. The portion of the blade is lying on the radius bigger than
8 meters have
linear speed faster than wind. That's mean that this part of the blade is
creating resistance
for rotation. It has very negative impact on efficiency of the windmill.
On the wind electrical generators presenting on the market, the working area
of the
blades located in such way that wind is blowing across the blades and giving
the energy to
the blades on the short distance (equal to width of the blade) twice making
sharp changing
direction of its flow. On this short way the wind can't give big percent of
its energy to the
blade.
Usually windmill generators are using tapered supporting column from steel-
cement
structure. This is very heavy structure which has to withhold very large
horizontal force
form the wind pressure. Requirements to strength of the column are extremely
high. The
top of the column is supporting turning mechanism with vertical axis of
rotation on which
located body of electrical generator, gearbox multiplication and propeller to
extract energy
from wind blow into mechanical rotary motion. Turning mechanism is intended to
turn
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electrical generator, gearbox and propeller towards wind blow. For windmill
generator with
50 meters diameter propeller the mass of turning head is about 20 tons.
This is a great load and very complicated mechanism.
The new design High Efficiency Wind-turbine does not have these disadvantages.
High
Efficiency Wind-Turbine generator (Fig 3) utilizes different principle from
above known wind
generators. The new High Efficiency Wind-Turbine generator is capable of being
many
times more efficient than windmill of the same diameter.
The Vertical Wing-type column could be more reliable system especially for
High
Efficiency Wind-Turbine.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
High Efficiency Wind-Turbine is having mechanical unit to convert energy of
wind blow
to mechanical rotary motion made as tapered wind-turbine. Each blade of the
wind-turbine
is made as long cylindrical channel located under small angle to axis of
rotation, which
does not allow the wind to slide out of the entire working surface of the
blade. Every blade
is supported by front and rear wheels at each end of the blade, what makes
assembly very
rigid. The blades of tapered Wind-Turbine are positioning in such way that
wind is blow
along to the working surface of the blades (not across it) under small angle
and gradually
creates light pressure on the entire working surface of blades. Entire working
surface of the
blades are located on the big radius out of the axis of rotation. Many blades
simultaneously
are taking wind loads and creating very large resulting torque on the shaft of
the turbine.
High Efficiency Wind-Turbine does not have any surface area that creates
negative torque
in opposite direction, what makes efficiency of the wind-turbine very high.
At very strong wind (faster than 25 meter per second) the Vertical Wing-type
column
became much more reliable because it has 40 times less air resistance. This
kind of
column would be much lighter and stronger. It will be automatically turning
towards wind
blow. High Efficiency Wind-Turbine does not have big resistance to the wind
flow and will
produce energy even at very strong wind. It is become very important to have
minimal air
resistance for supporting column. The Vertical Wing-type column could be
successfully
used for this purpose.
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LIST OF FIGURES, WHICH ARE FORMING A PART OF THIS SPECIFICATION
Fig. 1 ¨ Wind generators with vertical axis of rotation
Fig. 2 ¨ Wind generators with horizontal axis of rotation
Fig. 3.1 ¨ High Efficiency Wind-Turbine on the column
Fig. 3.2 ¨ Unit to convert energy of wind blow to mechanical rotary motion
Fig. 3.3 ¨ High Efficiency Wind-Turbine assembly
Fig. 3.4 ¨ High Efficiency Wind-Turbine assembly
Fig. 3.5 A ¨ High Efficiency Wind-Turbine principle
Fig. 3.5 B ¨ High Efficiency Wind-Turbine principle
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
High Efficiency Wind-Turbine (Fig. 3.1) has mechanical unit to convert energy
of wind
blow to mechanical rotary motion based on new principle. The main difference
of High
Efficiency Wind-Turbine from other windmill generators on the market is how
the wind
giving energy to the blade. For Windmill generators on the market, the working
area of the
propeller is located in such a way that wind is blowing across the blades and
giving the
energy to the blades over a short distance (equal to width of the blade) twice
making sharp
changes in direction of its flow. Over this short distance the wind can't give
big percentage
of its energy to the blade.
The unit converting wind blow to mechanical rotary motion at High Efficiency
Wind-
Turbine (Fig 3.2) has horizontal axis of rotation and is made as tapered wind-
turbine. The
blades 1 of the wind-turbine are made as long cylindrical channel located
under small
angle to the axis of the turbine rotation. Such construction is makes every
blade very rigid
even when thickness of material for the blade is relatively thin. Profile of
the blade
(cylindrical channel) does not allow the wind to slide out of working surface.
Every blade 1
is supported by front 2 and rear 3 wheels at each end of the blade. Front
wheel 2 and rear
wheel 3 together with all blades 1 are making conical (taper) turbine.
Together with shaft 4
this assembly has very high rigidity in any direction, which makes it able to
withhold very
strong wind, even at the speed of 40 meters per second (hurricane).
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At High Efficiency Wind-Turbine (Fig.3.5 A) the blades of tapered Wind-Turbine
are
positioning in such way that wind is blow along to the working surface of the
blades under
small angle and gradually creates light pressure on the entire working surface
of blades
(not across the blade). Entire working surface of the blades are located on
the big radius
out of the axis of rotation. Many blades simultaneously are taking wind loads
and creating
very large resulting torque on the shaft of the turbine (Fig. 3.5 B). For
entire working
surface of the blade the difference between maximum radius and minimum radius
from
axis of rotation is minimal. The difference between maximum and minimum linear
speed for
entire blade is minimal as well. Entire surface of the blades is producing
positive torque in
the same direction. High Efficiency Wind-Turbine does not have any surface
area which
creates negative torque in opposite direction. Because of that efficiency of
the wind-turbine
is many times higher than any other windmill or other extractors of wind
energy.
The Vertical Wing type column for supporting wind generators could be more
reliable
especially for High Efficiency Wind-Turbine.
Linear speed of each area of the blade on the High Efficiency Wind-Turbine is
very close
to the speed of the wind blow. Even at highest wind speed of about 40 meters
per second
(hurricane speed), linear speed of the blade will be around 40 meters per
second as well.
The High Efficiency Wind-Turbine with diameter of turbine 25 meters will have
only 32
revolutions per minute at this tremendous wind. That means that High
Efficiency Wind-
Turbine does not need to be stopped and could produce energy and be effective
even at
such strong wind.
Because High Efficiency Wind-Turbine does not have to have wind-vane
mechanism, it
becomes a much more reliable and simple system. High Efficiency Wind-Turbine
does not
have big resistance to the wind flow. The maximum air resistance will be from
the column.
The vertical Wing-type column has 40 times less air resistance than the steel-
cement
columns. This kind of column would be much lighter and stronger. It will be
automatically
turning towards wind blow (will act as a wind-vane).
The vertical wing-column has profile looks like the wing of the aircraft (Fig.
3.1). The
wing-column could turn around central bearing 33 and is supported by the
wheels 21 which
are based on circular rail 32 concentric with central bearing 33. The wing-
column has two
braces 23 to support wing-column in vertical position sideways. Such design
makes the
structure extremely rigid in all directions, having very small wind resistance
(wind drag),
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and self-adjustment to the wind direction. This wing-column can handle
extremely high
speed of wind with no problems. The braces 23 from both side of the wing-
column installed
with small negative angle to the wind flow. This acts to create negative
lifting aerodynamic
force to push construction down for better stabilization. Faster wind flow ¨
bigger vertical
force down for stabilization.
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