Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
1
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
A system and method utilizing deflection conversion for increasing the energy,
efficiency of a
circuit, different circuit configurations composing a group termed deflection
conveners.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure is generally related to energy and, more particularly,
is related to systems
and methods for the reutilization, efficient utilization of available
electrical potential energy supplied
to a load.
BACKGROUND
The concept of using electricity in conjunction with electronics is well
known; it has become a basic
fundamental need of civilization and is of the greatest strategic importance.
The use of energy
storage devices such as capacitors is of equal importance as it allows the use
and access of
electricity on demand and available for immediate use, there are many examples
of different
variations and uses for such devises. From the time of Volta, Ewald Georg von
Kleist, Pieter van
Musschenbroek, Micheal Farady and Benjamin Franklin the advantageous effects
of using these
devises has been recognized and exploited, and variations on these devises
have become
fundamental components of our everyday life and way of living.
Summary
Overview
The following disclosure presents an invention that when utilized within an
electric circuit can
greatly improve the efficiency of the circuit and its overall work product or
power. This is
accomplished by introducing a capacitor that is designed to switch orientation
in a circuit, this
capacitor is operated in a manner where it charges and discharges while the
circuit is supplying
current to a load. The operation of the discovery is in such a manner to allow
charges to collect in
the capacitor while work is being performed, then by connecting the capacitor
in reverse, by
.. switching the leads, reintroduce a proportion of the charges back into the
circuit at and added to
supply voltage, available to preform work again increasing overall power. I am
terming this
technology "Reutilization Displacement Technology "by means of "Deflection
Conversion", this is
due to the fact that charges in the circuit are only displaced "deflected"
while charging the capacitor
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and are then not entirely lost in the current stream, where a portion of
electrical potential energy
accumulates that may then be added to the supply energy source and voltage.
Technical Problem
Existing methods of electrical systems, circuits and their operation are
inefficient, the systems and
methods we currently use have not been able to overcome the inefficiencies
presented in their
operation. Specifically, in the context this disclosed invention the effect on
deliverable output
energy with the operation of a load, the efficiency of delivering a usable
charge or current has been
at the expense of wasted energy. The present disclosure offers a controllable
system of electrical
.. components that can be used to actively, passively or autonomously control
the operation of the
switching capacitor and the in circuit energy deliverable to a load and by
utilizing this system and
method a much greater efficiency is capable of being produced.
The efficiency of capacitors in the basic operation of a device are derived as
a factor of the work
produced from an electric field of a greater potential forcing through a load,
in this case a capacitor.
The current methods of operation limit the ability of this type of device, an
electrostatic device, to
achieve anything over 50% efficiency, and this is why equations regarding a
capacitors energy are
derived using this poor efficiency limitation. The main reason for this
limitation is the manner in
which these electrostatic devices operate within the circuit, as a high
potential singular direction
discharge device, where it is charged to a set voltage, or the supply currents
voltage and then
discharged. The operation of charging a capacitor itself can be attributed to
the inefficient manner
in which these devises have been utilized, that being a capacitors resistance
characteristics, and
when a commencement of charges begins to take place a capacitor will initially
have very minimal
in circuit resistance. This in circuit minimal resistance causes an initial
dump of current from a
power source with a higher voltage potential, so the work required to build
the higher potential in
the power source is effectively wasted, this is due to the large initial
current not being stored on the
capacitor at the effective power supply voltage. In effect the capacitor acts
as an automatic varistor,
as it gains charges and its electric field builds, it reduces the flow of
current in the circuit and its
electrical potential builds. When the capacitor is charged to full value or
capacity and it is then
utilized in a circuit as a power source, it potential will continue to drop,
so the actual energy of a
capacitor is calculated using E = = Ti QV = CV2.
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Solution to Technical Problem
The solution to the technical problem, and to the efficiency of electrostatic
storage devices and their
effect on circuit current is; by utilizing a controllable system of electrical
components that can be
used to actively, passively, or autonomously control the operation of a
switching capacitor, and
controlling it's in circuit electrical potential energy and current while
delivering energy to a load.
When a capacitor is charged to a higher voltage a charge is stored on its
metallic plates (or in the
form of an electrostatic field) where two fields are created, referred to as a
positive field and a
negative field. These fields are physical manifestations of higher potential
and lower potential; both
their positive and negative fields exert an electrostatic/ electromagnetic
force that affects physical
materials and devices.
By utilizing both of the devices electromagnetic fields you can exploit a
property of an oscillatory
nature, this oscillation tolerance forms the devices "elasticity", and used
effectively you can
optimize the use of this devise to perform desired work in a novel way not
previously discovered.
This can be accomplished by utilizing a switching device and a capacitor,
these components can be
utilized to change the orientation of the positive and negative leads of the
capacitor in the circuit,
and if operated safely and ideally within its voltage tolerance range, with
capacitors that are able to
handle reversing or switching polarization without causing damage, can be used
to increase the
circuits efficiency and or power, by effectively causing charges to be
utilized during capacitor
charging and then reintroduced into the current supply stream. This is done by
deflecting charges
out of the capacitor and these charges simultaneously preforming a usable work
product, and by
using this discovery in an effective way a system of great consequential
importance can be created
and utilized.
In order for the operation of the switching capacitor to preform usable work
in a novel way a
number of schemes may be implemented, some of which will be discussed. One way
to implement
the operation of the switching capacitor is in a time series controlled
operation; that being a timed
or clocked sequence of charging and discharging of the capacitor while
preforming usable work.
This type of operation can be very beneficial for ease of operation if the
quantity of current being
consumed is consistent over a period of time, though in a varying demand cycle
operation this
implementation may present many challenges. In a load based system that
operates on a varying
demand cycle a dynamical operation of the switching capacitor is beneficial,
and for proper safe
operation may be required.
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This dynamical approach will be the main and preferred approach to the
disclosed invention
presented in this disclosure as it offers the greatest operational benefits.
This may be accomplished
either through an active system of monitoring, with controllable parameters of
operation, or through
a current and or voltage range operation, that is controlled within a window
of operation, either
activated by voltage and or current measurement and triggering. The device may
in some instances
operate as an independent self-operable devise based on predetermined, or a
variable control
operational range.
The force exerted charging the capacitor can be used in a way in which the
potential of the
capacitor and the circuit potential is first utilized by deflecting charges
through the switching
capacitor and circuit for a usable work product, then recombining, or adding
back the electrical
potential energy to the circuit by reversing the leads of the capacitor. The
electric current is
affecting the capacitor as the voltages are trying to reach equilibrium; this
electric field is forcing a
physical change in the characteristics of the switching capacitors
electrostatic fields, causing a
potential or voltage to grow while deflecting charges through the circuit.
During the switching or
reversing process the electrical potential energy is then forced back into the
current path increasing
the circuit voltage, and reintroducing charges, which increases the efficiency
and or power of the
current source, which in turn improves the circuit's quantity of usable work
able to be accomplished
with a set quantity of source energy.
The impact on the energy efficiency of this circuit it caused by the
capacitors electric fields ability to
exert a force on charges in the circuit, this is because the electrostatic
fields of the capacitor are
directly electrically connected to the circuit, though separated by an
insulator, where one
electrostatic field effects charges on the secondary plate. During operation
of a circuit the higher
potential electrical field, power source's electric field, is attempting to
equalize, and forces charges
through the building electric field of the electrostatic device. In this
process a migration of charges
in the circuit and an accumulation of charges in the form of an electrostatic
field on the switching
capacitor occurs. This accumulation of charges is collected in a reverse bias
way on the switching
capacitor, meaning the capacitor when charged does not allow current to
continue to flow in the
circuit once a potential equilibrium is reached, and as the charge is building
acts as an automatic
varistor. When charged to circuit potential the capacitor will share an equal
voltage potential with
the power supply, in order for the capacitor to be utilized in the circuit it
must direct the flow of
current in an opposing direction versus its charging orientation. Once charged
if the switching
capacitor is reversed, i.e. the capacitors leads are switched and connected in
reverse in the circuit,
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the voltage is added to the power source voltage, or potential, and energy is
realized able to
perform usable work.
In traditional systems, a capacitor is charged by means of a DC voltage
applied across its leads,
wherein the charging current will continue to flow until the capacitors
voltage reaches an equilibrium
with the supply voltage. The speed in which the current travels through the
circuit and into the
capacitor can be expressed as a decreasing quantity or as an exponential decay
function, slowing
until the point of no current flowing in the circuit. At any point, the
capacitor or storage device may
be removed from the circuit and perform usable work, or remain in the circuit
in a reversing current
flow arrangement and perform usable work by reintroducing charges back into
the circuit added to
or substituting the supply power source.
In the present disclosure the current is forcing a build-up of charges,
causing a potential increase in
the switching capacitor electrical or electrostatic potential, and
additionally simultaneously
preforming usable work in the circuit. The capacitor is effectively charging
its potential, while
discharging or preforming usable work at the same instance in the circuit.
Then by reversing the
capacitor in the circuit charges stored as an electrical or electrostatic
potential can be combined
with the source power supply effectively being reintroduced into the circuit,
this action causes an
increase in voltage potential and power, this is because the electric current
is exerting a continuous
force on the switching capacitor before and after the switch occurs.
This same energy conservation and or oscillation may be demonstrated by
plucking a guitar string
or releasing a stretched elastic band, both will oscillate back and forth
until the energy is entirely
utilized and then are returned to a place of rest, though no additional energy
was added during
each oscillation, a work product of sound or motion was produced.
When the switching capacitors potential has been returned to its original
state or a neutralized point
in the cycle, the force enacted on the switching capacitor for negative
polarization is now requiring
work from the circuit again and simultaneously preforming work on a load. This
is because the
pressure in the circuit caused by an electric current is always trying to find
an equilibrium, or lower
potential state and will travel through the switching capacitor if a circuit
is completed. The energy
used in the previous capacitor charge cycle or oscillation, to balance the
potentials of the switching
capacitor and energy source before the switch occurs can be utilized as a work
potential or product.
Then after the switch occurs the capacitors potential will combine with the
power source to begin
working to find an equilibrium, and in the current oscillation it will force
first a voltage increase, then
as energy is realized for work, and discharge is complete, the current for the
remaining portion of
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the oscillation will force a reversal in polarity and charge build up in the
switching capacitor, and
additionally cause a continued reduction in current and load voltage while
work is being performed.
Additionally, the time constant for usable work being performed must be
considered in the
discharging and then the negative repolarization, or re-charging of the
switching capacitor, meaning
that the effect the electric current has on the switching capacitor and its
ability to gain an opposite
polarity charge is realized as a function of time, applied to usable work, and
the strength of the
electric currents magnetic field expressed and measured as its voltage in
conjunction with the
quantity of current flowing in the circuit. Additionally the switching
capacitor capacitance may be
reduced to allow a full charge and discharge as a high frequency operation;
this may be desirable
as it could produce a simulated continuous higher voltage state able to
perform usable work at an
increased power factor or potential then the original electrical power supply
even though a charging
,and discharging of the capacitor is taking place.
By separating the capacitor in the circuit independently, voltages of the
source power supply and
capacitor can be measured, and expressed that they are in opposite
polarizations and the voltage
potential of the capacitor is a subject of the charge time and current flow/
potential constant.
This operation can be continually repeated and offer great advantage over
traditional systems as
the amount of energy/ power that is able to be utilized for work can far
exceed the traditional
efficiency thresholds, or termed differently an increase of the systems work
potential available for
utilization. This primary result is because the reduction of circuit potential
occurs below the energy
state of the power source and the increase in power is attained from a
combination of the power
source and capacitor which increase the circuits potential to a higher energy
state, and since power
is a result derived from both current and potential applied over a time, the
resultant power increase
becomes self-evident.
In some embodiments, it may be greatly beneficial to have multiple pluralities
or combinational
arrangements of the disclosed system and method. This is to allow the
operation of devices by
utilizing the effective power range of the capacitor or energy storage device,
and when the voltage
in the circuits are diminished to a range that is not effective an additional
plurality may be rotated
into operation, or additionally the current may be routed through circuits
that require a lower
potential or voltage, and or may additionally be controlled by increasing and
decreasing a circuits
resistance, to control the circuit voltage and or current. This will allow
power to the main load while
the low voltage circuit may be directly shorted or routed through a circuit
with less resistance to
utilize the ability of the reducing potential to perform usable work, and
maximize the amount of
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energy able to be utilized during each discharge oscillation, and which may
also be included to
stabilize the voltage range and minimize fluctuations.
Additionally, it may be of great benefit to use a plurality of capacitors or
batteries connected in
parallel or series, as the steady electric current supply, this would allow
quick charging times and
the ability to discharge large volumes of current, this is because the
switching capacitor could be
easily designed to be multiple farads, or even hundreds or thousands of farads
in capacity without
the challenges that come with single large storage capacitors, and
additionally would allow cross
operations of charging and discharging of power source and capacitors during
operation and at
different energy states for the circuit. Likewise, it may be very advantageous
to use a plurality of
.. switching capacitors in a single circuit or operating multiple independent
circuits utilizing a steady
electric current or capacitor or battery bank to improve efficiency and
circuit design, this capacity
may be used to slow down the oscillation speed or rate of the switching
capacitor causing a more
uniform voltage without subjecting the circuit to a large variation in voltage
range which could be of
great use with sensitive electronics or for a more efficient less power
consuming operation.
.. The most effective utilization of the disclosed invention is within an
operational range, as with most
capacitors and circuits when potentials reach lower states the difficulty of
operation becomes
greater, so the most effective operation is in a plurality or operational
range design, these can
deliver an effective current and voltage potential range over a period of
time, which depending upon
the consumption requirements of the load can vary significantly. The design
may be a high
frequency of capacitor switching, or a prolonged operation before a switch
occurs, and may be any
variation or combination of these examples.
Additionally an operational range allows capacitors to oscillate within their
own individual tolerance
or voltage range rating, so as would be the case if utilizing a lower voltage
rated capacitor in a
circuit with a higher voltage state or potential that would normally damage
the capacitor. Utilizing a
design to operate within the capacitors voltage rating through oscillation
parameter design, would
. produce a safe stable operation, though the most preferred operation would
be to utilize a large
variational range to increase circuit power and to directly short to the power
source once an
undesirable circuit voltage is reached, this would maximize the top range of
power utilization after
the switch and recombination, and effectively remove the lower less beneficial
energy range which
.. is a factor especially in conjunction with a time factor. In order to
deliver the most benefit both an
electric current or currents, and a switching capacitor or capacitors as well
as the operational range
must be considered, this includes duty cycle as well as switching energy
requirements, fluctuation
tolerances of in circuit components and devices, and resistances of circuits
to effectively utilize the
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high power and lower power bands during the oscillation cycles. A circuit may
benefit greatly by
designing architecture to change a circuits resistance during operation.
The act of reversing the polarization in the switching capacitor means an
increased voltage
potential can be reintroduced into the circuit, wherein the charges can be
recirculated and the
voltage potentials increased. The reason that this is of benefit is that the
only work product that
needs to be done, in order for an energy recycling and potential increase, is
the act of switching the
capacitors orientation with a switch or switches. In all other forms of
pressure realignment or
recycling such as this, the amount of work required would be at least equal to
the benefit, where in
this case the cost of switching or work product is inconsequential to the
increased energy available
because of this operation. As a result of the switching capacitor gaining
charges and potential while
in a state of minimal energy consumption from the circuit, when that same
potential is reintroduced
into the circuit, the energy being combined and added to the circuit energy
potential while at a
higher state is where the energy increase originates.
An example of this pressure realignment would be in the explanation of two
balloons. If you were to
take two balloons, balloon "A" being a large balloon 1 meter diameter filled
up to 10 Psi, and
another smaller balloon, called balloon "B" that when filled would be 1 foot
in diameter. If balloon A
was filled with a gas to 10 Psi and balloon B was empty, then if balloon B was
connected to balloon
A and the gas allowed to flow into and fill balloon B eventually both balloons
would be of equal
pressure though less than the original 10 Psi that balloon A began with. Now
in all circumstances
presently known the act of reintroducing the gas from balloon B back into
balloon A would require
at least an equal amount of work energy to accomplish that would be able to be
utilized after the
recombination had taken place. This is because the force required to recombine
the pressures
would need input work in order to be accomplished, and even in a perfect
system the out-puttable
work would at best be in equilibrium with the required input work.
Now imagine that after balloon B was filled with gas from balloon A that
balloon B could be
instantaneously transported into balloon A. In this scenario the operation of
filling balloon B would
play out as follows; when balloon B is connected to balloon A gas begins to
flow into balloon B at
first the gas is flowing at its highest rate which is in a steady decline and
can be expressed as an
exponential decay. As the gas is flowing it can be tapped into with a device
such as a turbine to
preform usable work, then as balloon B continues to fill less and less gas is
travelling and less and
less work is produced, when both balloons are of equal pressure no gas will
flow at all, and both
balloons will be at a lower individual pressure than the initial 10 Psi,
though they are both equal. If
we assume that the pressure of each balloon is now at 9 Psi and balloon B is
now instantaneously
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transported into balloon A, if a measurement of the pressure of balloon B was
taken it would now
show 18 Psi.
Why is this? This is due to the pressure from balloon A forcing on the surface
of balloon 6, and the
internal surface area of balloon B and its current pressure would result in an
increase of overall
pressure which may be observed. If balloon B is now directly connected to the
turbine preforming
usable work and gas from only balloon B is allowed to flow then the force of
pressure from balloon
A on balloon B would cause gas to flow at the increased pressure deflating
balloon B inside of
balloon A. When equilibrium is reached balloon A would force balloon B outside
of itself, then it
would begin inflating balloon B again until equilibrium is again reached. Both
balloons pressures
would be less than the starting pressure of 9 Psi of balloon A, and with
balloon B in a reversed
inside out state, or in the case of a capacitor an opposite polarization and
the act of instantaneous
transport is the switch. And through this entire operation the gas that was
flowing into and out of
balloon B could be used for usable work.
The explanation of the actual switching capacitors operation is quite straight
forward, when the
capacitor is connected in the circuit in a normal in series connection with a
steady electric current,
charges are collected on its conductive material or as an electrostatic field.
Those charges and
potentials stay as part of the capacitor until a discharge occurs even if
removed from the charging
circuit. If charges are thought of as a gas we can determine that gas pressure
is equal to force
divided by the area, the same can be thought of for energy, where the pressure
is the voltage, and
the force is represented by charges, and the area is the amount of conductive
material and
insulated separation of the capacitor.
P = F/A V = Q/C work = ¨PAV
Therefor if like the example of gas pressure a new smaller container of a
neutral pressure is
introduced to a larger container of higher, or lower pressure, in this case a
higher pressure
continuous electric current, then the smaller containers pressure will adjust
and the overall pressure
of both containers will equalize, with the overall pressure adjusted as a
factor of both container
sizes and initial pressures, the following is considered to be if the electric
current is thought to be of
a fixed volume.
Va Va
Va= _____________ aC Vb ¨ _______ Ch
(Ca+ Cb)) (Ca+ Cb))
This is the same for a multitude of energy storage devises, and in this case
capacitors, if operated
in an effective manner you can utilize the pressure adjustment (voltage
adjustment potential) and
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discharge cycles for usable work. This effectively increases the efficiency by
a substantial amount
and uses the properties inherent to this type of devise for maximum benefit
and utilization, and the
actual operation of switching the capacitor in most cases represents an
insignificant loss for the
gain realized.
10
20
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Brief description of drawings
The invention will be described by reference to the detailed description of
the preferred
embodiment and to the drawings thereof in which:
FIG.1 Illustrates the preferred embodiment comprising a circuit controlling
the management and
output of charges through a switching capacitor (electrostatic storage device)
referred to as a
"Deflection Converter".
FIG.2 Is an embodiment of the invention utilizing and converting an
alternating current into a direct
current for use as a deflection converter.
FIG.3 Is an embodiment of the invention utilizing and converting a simplified
alternating current and
configuration.
FIG.4 Is an embodiment of the invention utilizing a simplified direct current
power source and
configuration.
FIG.5 Is an embodiment of the invention utilizing a management system, direct
current power
source and configuration.
FIG.6 Is an embodiment of the invention utilizing and converting an
electrostatic storage device into
a direct current power source.
FIG.7 Is an embodiment of the invention utilizing a management system and
demonstrates the
preferred digital embodiment of the device.
FIG. 8 Is a block diagram of the device utilizing a management system.
FIG.9 Is an alternate block diagram of the device utilizing a management
system.
FIG.10 Is a diagram showing the operating range of the disclosed system and
method versus the
normal and traditional operation of an electrostatic storage.
FIG.11 Is a diagram showing the Switching Capacitor operation while in
operation and oscillating.
FIG.12 Is a diagram showing the operating range and output current voltage
characteristics of a
circuit while operating.
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Detailed description
Therefore a heretofore, unaddressed need exists in the industry to address the
aforementioned
deficiencies and inadequacies.
Figures and embodiments contained are to demonstrate possible variations and
to give a clearer
understanding of the theory and method herein, to allow one with ordinary
skill in the art to gain the
ability to re-create said method.
Embodiments of the present disclosure can also be viewed as providing systems
and methods for
managing and controlling the operational voltages and current from a current
source utilizing an
electrostatic storage devise in a novel way, operating within a circuit with
an improved method and
circuit design, this can be briefly described in architecture one embodiment,
among others, can be
implemented by;
Figure 1 illustrates the preferred embodiment comprising a circuit controlling
the management and
output of charges through a switching capacitor (electrostatic storage device)
450 herein after
referred to as a "Deflection Converter". The design of the circuit allows a
direct current 430 voltage
.. to control the electromagnetic forces the switching capacitor 450, is
subjected too. The relay 490,
which could be a switch and or transistor 350 controls the orientation of the
switching capacitors
450 leads in the circuit, which could be of smaller or larger capacitances
depending on an individual
applications duty cycle. The relay 490 allows the capacitor to turn 180* in
the circuit reversing its in
circuit orientation, this takes advantage of charges stored on the switching
capacitor 450 in a
reverse polarity and reutilize them in the circuit that have been gained while
the circuit has been
powering a load 500.
With multiple power sources 410 or loads 500, this in circuit angle could be
redirected to a different
current source 410 or load 500 and effectively change it's in circuit
orientation further. The different
quantities of capacitance of the switching capacitor 450 effects duty cycle
and operation, in that the
oscillation time is extended or decreased as time is needed for charges to
collect in the switching
capacitor 450. Where discharging time is of concern smaller capacitances at
higher switching
speeds may be preferred and may be used to create a higher energy state or
voltage effecting a
devices operation, and in devices requiring smooth stable current higher
capacitances with
extended time periods between a switch may be preferred, or additionally high
frequency switching
between states may also provide a stable output within a narrow operational
band.
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Additionally another switch (not shown) may be added to give a direct short
connection between
the switching capacitor 450 and power source 410, this is will cause the
voltage to continue causing
a force on the switching capacitor 450, additionally ensuring that the in
circuit voltage falls to zero
will maximize the amount of charges stored for realignment of voltage caused
by the switching
capacitor 450 when the switch occurs, though in many embodiments the operation
of charging the
switching capacitor 450 to maximum will not be beneficial, and instead cause
challenges with
operational loads, wherein an operating range is more preferred to allow
continuous operation of
devices and loads without a large fluctuation in operating characteristics.
Operation can be across the full range of voltages, the in-circuit oscillation
or switching capacitor
450 orientations may be operated over a range or power band that utilizes the
increased energy
and reduces the discharging time, effectively increasing the amount of energy
benefit over a given
period of time. This is due to the switching capacitor 450 being charged at a
low initial resistance,
then collected charges being reintroduced at the DC power sources 430 voltage.
Which may also
benefit by the use of a varistor or voltage dependant resistor, potentiometer
and or controlled by a
servo motor, or arrangement of different resistors 340 and resistances
controlled by switches and
or transistors 350, supervisory IC'S, over/ under voltage reset IC's 610 and
may also utilize Zener
diodes and resistor 340 combinations, as well as buck converters, boost
converters and or inducing
a controlled alternating current in a transformer, that can be utilized to
control the current and
voltage the circuit and or circuits receive allowing a full benefit to the
work product from the
switching capacitor 450 operation.
Additionally some embodiments may utilize pluralities of switching capacitors
450 or electrostatic
storage devises, either in series and or in parallel or a combinational
arrangement of both, and
different sizes of switching capacitors 450 may be utilized to continue
increasing potential and
recycled charges in the circuit for instance a series of switching capacitors
450 with descending
capacities, wherein each descending capacitance switching capacitor 450
operates at an increased
oscillation, or discharging and recharging speed or frequency.
Additionally consecutive switching capacitors 450 may not necessarily need
descending
capacitances instead the switching capacitor operation could be timed to
operate at different
switching points in time, the ideal operation of this configuration could have
a single or plurality of
switching capacitors 450 being charged while reducing circuit voltage while
simultaneously a single
or plurality of additional switching capacitors 450 are being discharged and
increasing circuit
voltage, this operation could be greatly beneficial as it could be used to
smooth out the circuit
voltage while increasing the benefit of the switching capacitor 450 operation
and or increasing the
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upper voltage threshold potential effecting the load 500. The operation of the
circuit in figure.1 is
designed to allow automation of the switching capacitor 450 within a
predetermined operating
range; this is accomplished by utilizing a comparator 580 in this case a LM311
comparator
arranged in an inverting configuration though supervisory IC's or reset/ set
reset IC's 610 may be
used, as well as feedback to utilize hysteresis and or a Schmitt trigger. This
configuration allows the
output current that is continually decreasing in voltage after the switching
capacitor 450 completes
its switch to be measured and compared against a reference voltage 290 (not
shown). The
reference voltage is a predetermined or controlled voltage that is used to
provide a point in which
the switching capacitors 450 oscillation is triggered. This reference point
could be determined by a
number of factors including switching capacitor 450 voltage rating or
capacity, circuit voltage
requirement, power source 410 cut out and or operation limit voltage,
oscillation frequency
requirement, circuit tolerance to fluctuations and sensitivity to fluctuation,
ripple or noise just to
name a few non-limiting examples.
This operational method is advantageous because the output current is not the
primary determent
for activating the operation of the switching capacitor 450, instead the
circuit voltage is the
determining factor in the operation cycle and as such this circuit design can
be utilized in many
different devices from high current consuming devices to devices that consume
only a small
amount of current without negatively affecting the device or loads 500
operation, though in some
embodiments of predictable or set current a current measurement or
predetermined volume may be
used to trigger switching operation.
The operation of an automated circuit provides for a controllable system to
effectively utilize the
positive benefit of the switching capacitor 450 in a straight forward
uninterrupted operation. The
input DC power source 430 is connected to a supervisory IC 600, which may
additionally be a
comparator with a Zener diode of appropriate value and or a voltage regulator
or voltage reference,
to tie down the voltage reference detected by the comparator (not show) to a
non-floating value; in
some embodiments a floating voltage for reference may be preferred.
In some circumstances a resistor 340 and or potentiometer 380, digital
potentiometer, digital
potentiometer in connection with a comparator and or operational amplifier(s)
and mosfet
transistor(s) arrangement, and may be used, wherein in some embodiments the
reference voltage
would be allowed to float as the dc power source 430 voltage fluctuated this
could allow a moving
voltage range in the switching capacitor 450 while for instance a battery is
discharging through its
operable power range or band. The comparator 580 (not shown) in some cases is
in an inverting
configuration so that when the voltage is being compared against the reference
voltage drops
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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below the reference voltage, the comparator sends out a signal and or stops
conducting current, in
the preferred embodiment this action is accomplished with a supervisory IC
600, to the NE555
timer 530. In some embodiments instead of an inverting configuration operation
it may be beneficial
to use a non-inverting configuration and operation, or additionally some
embodiments may benefit
by utilizing multiple pluralities of comparators 580 (not shown) which for in
the case of utilizing two
comparators 580 (not shown) could operate within a window of operation,
wherein one comparator
580 is in an inverted configuration and the other comparator ( not shown) is
in a non-inverting
configuration and the switching capacitor 450 operates within a voltage window
or range, which
could be greatly beneficial if multiple circuits or loads utilized a plurality
of comparator windows to
operate in each of their desired voltage ranges, while the switching capacitor
450 is operating and
fluctuating which causes an increase and decrease in circuit voltage
potentials, effectively utilizing
an optimal power window throughout the switching capacitor 450 oscillation
cycle.
The voltages sensed by the comparator 580 can be controlled using resistors
340 as well as
potentiometers 380, and feedback, which can be greatly beneficial in
controlling operating
characteristics and voltage ranges to very accurate measurements, as well as
utilizing hysteresis to
create a buffer or filter gap between the two thresholds of the op amp sensed
voltages 290, this
introduction of hysteresis can be greatly beneficial as it can reduce or
eliminate false triggering or
jitters that may become apparent in the operation of the circuit and op amp
520 and or relays 490,
which can become quite predominant with lower discharge currents and slow
voltage transitions.
This false triggering can cause the operation of the circuit to cease and as
such methods to
overcome this operational challenge are paramount, different methods to
overcome jitters and false
triggering include hysteresis, reducing switching capacitor 450 capacitance to
cause an increase
speed of voltage transition, operating the control circuit on a different
power supply to remove any
noise or interference to "clean up" the power source. Measurements can be used
to create high
frequency switching, as well as a full range of switching speeds and voltage
levels both for output
to a load 500 or within a switching capacitor 450, which in some embodiments
may utilize a
prolonged period between switching.
The output current controlled by the comparator 580 (not shown) is sent and
electrically connected
to a NE 555 timer 530, the NE 555 timer 530 is used to create a uniform square
wave with both
rising and falling edges, which in some embodiments may utilize an operational
amplifier for the
voltage comparison and may additionally use a number of different methods to
facilitate the a
trigger point to initiate or control the act of the switching capacitor(s) 450
these methods are
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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referenced as possible embodiments herein and are in the section under the
heading "Initiating
and Control Methods" contained in a later point of this disclosure.
The NE555 timer 530 configured as monostable or "one shot" configuration
accepts the signal and
or current state change from the supervisory IC 600 and sends out a square
wave signal pulse in
this embodiment to a LM 4017 decade counter 560, the decade counter 560 is
used to control a
transistor 350 through a resistor 340 that controls a relay 490 which may
contain a "fly back diode"
300 to suppress voltage spikes during switching, to facilitate the switching
capacitor 450 changing
its in circuit orientation. Though a number of devices such as flip flops, set
reset circuits, latching
circuits, and or counting or stepping circuits may be used, in this embodiment
the LM 4017 decade
counter 560 is used to create an on state and off state step, as the voltage
drops below the
reference voltage then hold the relay 490 in an on or off position, in this
embodiment a double pole
double throw relay, is held in either a normally open or normally closed
position which changes the
in circuit orientation of the switching capacitor 450. Though in additional
embodiments a number of
different relay types of relays with different pole and throw counts could be
used to orient the
switching capacitor 450 to different in circuit orientations, as well as a
multitude of transistors 350,
IGBT's, and switches could be used and are referenced as possible embodiments
herein which
may be found in the section "Switching Methods and Devices" contained in a
later point of this
disclosure.
The current output from the DPDT relay 490 exits the relay and is fed into a
resistance and or
series of resistors 340, that may be a singular variable resistance device or
multiple independent
and or series and or plurality of resistances and or resistors 340 controlled
by switches, in this case
transistors 350, which are controlled by under/ overvoltage supervisory IC's
610 that control the
current and voltage supplied to a load 500 to preform usable work with the
desired power, voltage
and or current. This output current is used as the voltage being monitored 290
as it is the current
that's voltage is affected by the switching capacitor 450 operation, the
control current is
accomplished by electrically connecting this point in the circuit with the Vin
(Voltage IN) of the
supervisory IC's 600 which after the switch occurs creates a higher voltage in
the output power line
which is additionally sent to the supervisory IC 600 which senses the higher
voltage and then
changes its output state, it should be noted the LM4017 decade counter 560
maintains its output
pin state even after the signal from the NE555 530 has ended, the duration of
which may be
controlled by varying the control resistor 340 and capacitor 360. In some
embodiments the LM
4017 decade counter 560 may not be necessary as the signal from the NE555
timer 530 or the
comparator 580 or an operational amplifier ( not shown) or additional voltage
sensing devices
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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referenced as possible embodiments herein and found in the section under the
heading "Initiating
and Control Methods" contained in a later point of this disclosure, any of
which may be used to
directly drive a relay 490, or a transistor 350 or another switching and or
latching device or method
that controls the operation of the switching capacitor 450 these methods are
referenced as possible
embodiments herein and found in the section under the heading "Switching
Methods and
Devices" contained in a later point of this disclosure.
The preferred configuration of the NE555 timer 530 in the circuit is in a mono-
stable or "one- shot"
configuration though in different embodiments it is possible to utilize
different configurations
including astable, bistable, multivibrator or triggered and could be used as a
direct drive to the
switching means of the switching capacitor 450, which may also include
controllers,
microcontrollers and other directly driven outputs for control. The LM 4017
decade counter 560 in
this embodiment is configured to operate as a 1-2 counter, specifically the
decade counter 560
operates to count between the 0 pin and the 1 pin with the 2 pin being the
reset pin, this is to allow
the relay 490 to alternate between being in an on position, or off position
based on a single signal
sent out from the supervisory IC 600 and or comparator (not shown) each time
the voltage crosses
below the VRef or voltage reference.
This on off operation of the transistor 350 and relay 490 is accomplished by
electrically connecting
to only one of the LM 4017 decade counter 560 output pins, though in some
embodiments different
output pin arrangements could be used in conjunction with a relay 490, a
switch or switches to
facilitate the operation of changing the in circuit orientation of the
switching capacitor 450.
In this embodiment the DPDT relay 490 is connected to the switching capacitor
450 so that, for
simplicity, when in the normally closed position the current is allowed to
travel into the relay 490
and into the switching capacitor 450, then back into the relay 490 and into a
load 500, then the
voltage may be monitored by under/ over voltage supervisory IC's 610, that
control resistor 340
combinations with transistors 350, that act to control the current by changing
the level of resistance
the current that travels through the varying resistance before reaching the
load 500, and then to
ground 440 or lower potential.
When the DPDT relay 490 is activated by the transistor 350 allowing current to
activate its coil and
move into the second position which for simplicity will be referred to as the
normally open position,
the current then travels into the relay 490 and into the switching capacitor
130 but in this position
the leads of the switching capacitor 450 are reversed and where in the last
operation the positive
lead is connected to the positive current side, and the negative lead is
connected to the negative
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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current side, in this normally open position the positive lead of the
switching capacitor 450 is
connected to the negative side and the negative lead is connected to the
positive side of the circuit.
The switching capacitor 450 then connects to the relay 490, which connected to
the load 500 and
then to ground 440 or lower voltage potential, so that in this embodiment the
switching capacitors
450 polarizations are reversed though the main DC power supply 430 current
maintains a singular
direction. It should be noted that in this embodiment the switching capacitor
450 is located
upstream from the load 500 though in other embodiments the load 500 and
switching capacitors
450 in circuit locations may be reversed or altered without departing from the
benefit and operation
of the disclosed invention.
Additionally though in this embodiment the current being monitored and sent to
the supervisory IC
600 is located before the load 500 after the switching capacitor 450 it may be
beneficial to sense
the voltage in any number of positions within the circuit to optimize the
device for specific
applications and for different operating techniques and procedures, which may
be made visual
through the use of optional LED's 370. Additionally, filtering of noise may be
of consequential
importance in embodiments where a single power source or shared power source
is used in
conjunction with a sensor or sensors controlling the switching capacitor(s)
450, and filtering may be
accomplished with non-limiting examples of low pass active filter, high pass
active filter, multiple
sample comparison reference, low pass passive filer, high pass passive filter,
Schmitt trigger.
Additionally some embodiments may benefit from utilizing latching relays 490
or switches to
facilitate switching operations of the switching capacitor 450 in these
embodiments it may be
possible and beneficial to send a single signal from any number of devices to
facilitate the
operation of the switching capacitor 450, wherein digital processing and or
logic levels could be
used to operate the switching capacitors 450 operation. This may be the case
in for instance mobile
devices where current levels are continuously monitored and implementation
would only require a
few additional components as in the switching capacitor 45 and switches, as
all other operations
are currently being accomplished by active systems on the device.
The benefit and operation of the deflection converter can be increased further
by utilizing additional
sequential switching capacitors 450, the operation of which presents its own
challenges, the ideal
embodiment for multiple sequential switching capacitors (not shown) that may
be any number of
pluralities or multitude, is by operating for instance a second switching
capacitor (not shown) within
the operating range of the first switching capacitor 450, and specifically by
utilizing a lower
capacitance for the second switching capacitor (not shown) that operates at a
higher switching
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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frequency, which in some embodiment may operate in this manner as multiple
stages or nodes,
and may additionally be paired with a gen-set(s), or motor(s) generator(s)
combination, and or may
additionally be operated in a parallel fashion at the same voltage state, or
at a different voltage
state(s), stage(s), or step(s).
The operational circuit current can operate in a number of different
operations, the current can be
regulated, both on the input of the circuit to stabilize the voltage
monitoring and control portion of
the circuit, as well as the output current may be additionally voltage
regulated, or not, depending on
specific applications and load 500 requirements and sensitivity, and or routed
to power circuits
based on the current state of voltage, for each circuit, maximizing the power
and work product at
that point in time. A circuit may benefit greatly by designing architecture to
change a circuit's
resistance during operation referenced as possible embodiments herein which
may be
accomplished with reference to the section "Resistance and Current Control".
This resistance
may be used to control the current and or voltage to ensure the desired output
power at different
stages of the switching capacitor 450 oscillation and or during operation of a
varying potential and
or current power supply 410 or source.
Figure 2 is an embodiment of the invention utilizing and converting an
alternating current into a
direct current for use as a deflection converter, and though in this
embodiment the alternating
current is converted through a transformer 640 and then into a bridge
rectifier 310 and entirely to
direct current for powering a load 500 and operational circuitry, in
additional embodiments the
alternating current to drive a load 500 does not need to be converted into
direct current instead the
switching capacitor 450 utilizing the disclosed method could be implemented to
offer the same
benefit as in DC circuits if the switching capacitor 450 operation was timed
to switch orientation
within the circuit of an alternating current 420 before each alternation was
to take place, or as a
product of each alternation.
For example in an embodiment with an AC source 420 powering an AC induction
motor (not
shown) operating at a frequency of 50 hertz single phase, what this means is
the current is a single
alternating current and it alternates at 50 alternations a second. With the
disclosed method, if each
alternation is considered to be a direct current source, between each
alternation, then by utilizing a
switching capacitor 450 it is possible to invert the charging and discharging
of the switching
capacitor 450 within each alternation of the main supply current 410.
Explaining this in operation, as the alternating current is flowing in the
positive sine of the switching
capacitor 450, which is first charging and supplying a decreasing current and
voltage to a load 500,
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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then the switching capacitor 450 is reoriented and the energy is recycled into
the current stream,
this re-introduction of energy can occur both within a single alternation, or
may be accomplished
within the next alternation, or completed cycle, wherein a single alternation
can comprise the entire
operation of charging and discharging the switching capacitor 450.
Additionally the charging and
discharging may be accomplished over an entire cycle of the alternating
current power source 420,
where the switching capacitor 450 is charged in one half of the cycle and
discharged after the
alternation, or additionally charged in both half's of the cycle and
discharged in the next operating
cycle.
In this embodiment of figure 2 the alternating current is fed into a
transformer 640 which depending
on the input voltage and current may be either a step up, or step down
transformer 640, in some
embodiments no transformer is required, the transformer 640 is then connected
to a bridge rectifier
310 which in this example is a full wave rectification but may also comprise a
half wave bridge
rectifier (not shown). The current is then routed through a voltage regulator
330 which is optional in
this example an IC 7806 is used, but a number of voltage regulators 330 may be
used, capacitors
360 are used as decoupling and or filtering capacitors 360. The current then
supplies a main power
line used as the sensing voltage and or current supplied to the load 500, in
this example a separate
voltage regulator (not shown) is not used, though in an exemplary embodiment a
separate power
source (not shown) and or voltage regulator (not shown) and or resistor(s) or
variable resistor 340
may be used to supply sensitive operating circuitry with a smooth stable power
source 410.
In this embodiment an LM 311 comparator 580 that senses the voltage being
monitored 290, and a
Zener diode 320 to tie down the voltage to a desired level, used to control
the operation of a NE555
530 timer which send a signal to a LM 4017 decade counter 560 and an LED(s)
370 which is
optional. The decade counter 560 controls a transistor 350 that controls a
relay 490 which may
incorporate a "fly back diode" 300. The relay 490 controls the operation of
the switching capacitor
450 and it's in circuit orientation supplying current to a load 500. In this
embodiment voltage
sensing, measurement, and triggering the switching capacitor 450 is
accomplished with a resistive
sensing configuration using resistors 340 arranged as a voltage divider. The
switching capacitor
450 outputs current into a system of resistors 340, transistors 350 and under/
over voltage
supervisory IC's 610 that control the current and voltage into a load(s) 500,
and to a ground 440 or
lower potential.
This configuration of resistors 340, transistors 350 and under/ over voltage
supervisory IC's 610
allows the current to travel into desired resistance paths based on the point
in time, and voltage of
the switching capacitor 450, the reason for this is the switching capacitors
450 benefit is realized
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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over a range of charging and discharging of the switching capacitor 450. This
charging and
discharging causes a wide range of circuit voltages and when applied to a load
500 being a fixed
resistance will cause at first an increase of circuit current, as a factor of
Ohm's law, that being an
increased voltage applied to a fixed resistance causes an increase in current.
This increased current and its effect on increasing circuit power may be of
great usefulness in
certain embodiments though for a number of embodiments the benefit of the
switching capacitor
operation would more greatly be realized by extending operating time and or
efficiency, so in these
embodiments the amount of circuit current may be controlled by first
introducing the high voltage
from the switching capacitor 450 and power source 410 into an increased and
determined
resistance, thereby reducing in circuit current and extending the operational
time constant. Then as
voltage is reduced and or reducing, activate different transistors 350 and or
switches, to offer less
and less resistance to the declining voltage and allowing circuit voltage and
current to remain
consistent, which may be across any plurality of resistors 340 and or
resistance range controlling
device( not shown).
A multitude of current and or voltage sensing and triggering techniques may be
used and are
referenced herein as possible alternate embodiments and are explained in the
section "Initiating
and Control Methods". As well in this embodiment a relay 490 is used though in
other
embodiments a number of switching devices and methods may be used and are
referenced herein
as possible alternate embodiments and are explained in the section "Switching
Methods and
Devices", and may incorporate a management system or process and are
referenced herein as
possible alternate embodiments and are explained and referenced in the
"Management Systems
and Processes" section. A circuit may benefit greatly by designing
architecture to change a
circuit's resistance during operation and are referenced herein as possible
alternate embodiments
and are explained and may be accomplished with reference to the section
"Resistance and
.. Current Control". This resistance may be used to control the current and or
voltage to ensure the
desired output power at different stages of the switching capacitor
oscillation and or during
operation of a varying potential and or current power supply or source,
referenced herein are
possible alternate embodiments and are explained and may be accomplished with
reference to the
section "Current Source and Power Supply". Additionally the operation of the
device and
switching capacitor 450 system and allow for a number of possible output
current state and ranges
referenced herein are possible alternate embodiments and are explained and may
be
accomplished with reference to the section "Output Characteristics". Though an
LM311
comparator 580, LM 4017 decade counter 560 and NE555 timer 530 and referenced
possible
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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alternate embodiments are additionally referenced herein and are explained and
may be
accomplished with reference to the section "Integrated Circuits". Though a
switching capacitor
450 is referenced possible alternate embodiments are additionally referenced
herein and are
explained and may be accomplished with reference to the section "Storage
devices". Though a
generic load 500 is referenced possible alternate embodiments are additionally
referenced herein
and are explained and may be accomplished with reference to the section
"Implementations" as
well as the section "Applications".
Figure 3 is an embodiment of the invention utilizing and converting a
simplified alternating current
and configuration, into a direct current for use as a deflection converter,
and though in this
embodiment the alternating current is converted in its entirety to direct
current 420 for powering a
load 500 and operational circuitry, in additional embodiments the alternating
current to drive a load
500 does not need to be converted into direct current. This simplified
configuration utilizes a
transformer 640 which depending on the input voltage and current may be either
a step up, or step
down transformer 640, the transformer 640 is then connected to a bridge
rectifier 310 which in this
example is a full wave rectification but may also comprise a half wave bridge
rectifier (not shown) or
multiphase rectifier (not shown). The current is then routed through a voltage
regulator 330 in this
example an IC 7806 is used but a number of voltage regulators 330 may be used,
capacitors 360
are used as decoupling, and or, filtering capacitors 360, the current then
supplies a main DC power
line 430 which in some embodiments may be used for sensing the voltage 290 and
or current
supplied to the load 500.
In this embodiment an LM 311 comparator 580 is used to control the operation
of a NE555 530
timer to send a signal to a transistor 350 and optional LED's 370, which
controls a relay 490 that
may utilize a "fly back diode" 300. The relay 490 controls the operation of
the switching capacitor
450 and it's in circuit orientation supplying current to a load 500 and then
to ground 440 and or
lower potential. In this example voltage sensing is accomplished with
resistors 340 and a resistive
sensing configuration supplied to the comparator 580 from the electric feed
after the switching
capacitor 450 and before the load 500.
Additionally this embodiment does not utilize a decade counter (not shown)
instead the control of
the relay 490 and or another switching device or action is accomplished
directly by the NE555 timer
530, this configuration can allow for many benefits as the NE555 timer 530 can
be used in a
number of different states, for instance astable, monostable, bistable and or
a trigger. Depending
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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on the particular application these different states of operation can be used
in conjunction with a
load 500 or resistance to produce the beneficial action of the switching
capacitor 450 in the circuit
for predictable or specific actions, load 500 requirements or current
frequency or state. In some
embodiments as referenced herein a consistent continuous operation controlled
directly from the
NE555 timer 530 could provide the operation of the switching capacitor 450 to
precisely meet the
operational requirements and determined voltage range of a specific
application.
This simplified system and operation can be greatly beneficial for ease of
use, cost and operation
wherein the specific application has consistent energy consumption,
additionally this operation and
direct drive configuration could also be used in some embodiments to directly
drive a latching
switching device, for instance a latching relay, or a partial rotation of a
commutator switching
apparatus wherein brushes or contacts make an electrical connection to an
alternate electrical
configuration for operating the switching capacitor(s) 450, and or circuit
configurations.
Additionally it may drive a latching electronic device for instance an IGBT
transistor that if the gate
on the IGBT is not pulled down with a pull down resistor then after the gate
is "charged" would
remain in an on state until a pull down or discharge of the gate occurs and in
this example many
different methods could be used to operate this device in a timed, consistent
or periodic manner for
instance a separate pull down transistor or high value resistor.
A multitude of current and or voltage sensing and triggering techniques may be
used and are
referenced herein as possible alternate embodiments and are explained in the
section "Initiating
and Control Methods". As well in this embodiment a relay 490 is used though in
other
embodiments a number of switching devices and methods may be used and are
referenced herein
as possible alternate embodiments and are explained in the section "Switching
Methods and
Devices", and may incorporate a management system or process and are
referenced herein as
possible alternate embodiments and are explained and referenced in the
"Management Systems
and Processes" section. A circuit may benefit greatly by designing
architecture to change a
circuit's resistance during operation and are referenced herein as possible
alternate embodiments
and are explained and may be accomplished with reference to the section
"Resistance and
Current Control". This resistance may be used to control the current and or
voltage to ensure the
desired output power at different stages of the switching capacitor
oscillation and or during
operation of a varying potential and or current power supply or source,
referenced herein are
possible alternate embodiments and are explained and may be accomplished with
reference to the
section "Current Source and Power Supply". Additionally the operation of the
device and
switching capacitor 450 system and allow for a number of possible output
current state and ranges
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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referenced herein are possible alternate embodiments and are explained and may
be
accomplished with reference to the section "Output Characteristics". Though an
LM311
comparator 580, and NE555 timer 530 are described and referenced possible
alternate
embodiments are additionally referenced herein and are explained and may be
accomplished with
reference to the section "Integrated Circuits". Though a switching capacitor
450 is referenced
possible alternate embodiments are additionally referenced herein and are
explained and may be
accomplished with reference to the section "Storage devices". Though a generic
load 500 is
referenced possible alternate embodiments are additionally referenced herein
and are explained
and may be accomplished with reference to the section "Implementations" as
well as the section
"Applications".
Figure 4 is an embodiment of the invention utilizing a simplified direct
current power source 430
and configuration, for use as a deflection converter. This simplified
configuration utilizes a DC
power source 430, the current may then be routed through a voltage regulator
(not shown), the
current then supplies a main power line which in some embodiments may be used
for sensing the
voltage 290 and or current supplied to the load 500. In this embodiment an LM
311 comparator 580
is used to control the operation of a NE555 530 timer to send a signal to a
transistor 350. The relay
490 controls the operation of the switching capacitor 450 and it's in circuit
orientation supplying
current to a load 500 and to ground 440 and or a lower potential. In this
example voltage sensing is
accomplished with resistors 340 a resistive sensing/ dividing configuration
supplied to the
comparator 580 from the electric feed after the switching capacitor 450 and
before the load 500 and
utilizes a Zener diode 330 and optional LED's 370.
Additionally this embodiment does not utilize a decade counter (not shown)
instead the control of
the relay 490 is accomplished directly by the NE555 timer 530, this
configuration can allow for
many benefits as the NE555 timer 530 can be used in a number of different
states, for instance
astable, monostable, bistable and or a trigger. Depending on the particular
application these
different states of operation can be used in conjunction with a load 500 or
resistance to produce the
beneficial action of the switching capacitor 450 in the circuit for
predictable or specific actions, load
500 requirements or current frequency or state. In some embodiments as
referenced herein a
consistent continuous operation controlled directly from the NE555 timer 530
could provide the
operation of the switching capacitor 450 to precisely meet the operational
requirements and
determined voltage range of a specific application.
This simplified system and operation can be greatly beneficial for ease of
use, cost and operation
wherein the specific application has consistent energy consumption,
additionally this operation and
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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direct drive configuration could also be used in some embodiments to directly
drive a latching
switching device, for instance a latching relay, or a partial rotation of a
commutator switching
apparatus wherein brushes or contacts make an electrical connection to an
alternate electrical
configuration for operating the switching capacitor(s) 450, and or circuit
configurations. Additionally
it may drive a latching electronic device for instance an IGBT transistor that
if the gate on the IGBT
is not pulled down with a pull down resistor then after the gate is "charged"
would remain in an on
state until a pull down or discharge of the gate occurs and in this example
many different methods
could be used to operate this device in a timed, consistent or periodic manner
for instance a
separate pull down transistor or high value resistor.
A multitude of current and or voltage sensing and triggering techniques may be
used and are
referenced herein as possible alternate embodiments and are explained in the
section "Initiating
and Control Methods". As well in this embodiment a relay 490 is used though in
other
embodiments a number of switching devices and methods may be used and are
referenced herein
as possible alternate embodiments and are explained in the section "Switching
Methods and
Devices", and may incorporate a management system or process and are
referenced herein as
possible alternate embodiments and are explained and referenced in the
"Management Systems
and Processes" section. A circuit may benefit greatly by designing
architecture to change a
circuit's resistance during operation and are referenced herein as possible
alternate embodiments
and are explained and may be accomplished with reference to the section
"Resistance and
Current Control". This resistance may be used to control the current and or
voltage to ensure the
desired output power at different stages of the switching capacitor
oscillation and or during
operation of a varying potential and or current power supply or source,
referenced herein are
possible alternate embodiments and are explained and may be accomplished with
reference to the
section "Current Source and Power Supply". Additionally the operation of the
device and
switching capacitor 450 system and allow for a number of possible output
current state and ranges
referenced herein are possible alternate embodiments and are explained and may
be
accomplished with reference to the section "Output Characteristics". Though an
LM311
comparator 580, and NE555 timer 530 are described and referenced possible
alternate
embodiments are additionally referenced herein and are explained and may be
accomplished with
reference to the section "Integrated Circuits". Though a switching capacitor
450 is referenced
possible alternate embodiments are additionally referenced herein and are
explained and may be
accomplished with reference to the section "Storage devices". Though a generic
load 500 is
referenced possible alternate embodiments are additionally referenced herein
and are explained
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
26
and may be accomplished with reference to the section "Implementations" as
well as the section
"Applications".
Figure 5 is an embodiment of the invention utilizing a management system 2,
direct current power
source 430 and configuration, for use as a deflection converter. The
management system 2
configuration utilizes a DC power source 430 though in alternate embodiments
may utilize an
alternating current power source or sources or varying source such as a
electrostatic storage
device. The current may be routed through a voltage regulator (not shown) or
there may exist
multiple separate power sources or "lines", and in additional embodiments a
variety of switching
devices may be used to control power sources and or lines. The current then
supplies a main
power line source 410 which in some embodiments may be used for sensing the
voltage 290 and
or current supplied to the load 500, in different embodiments the management
system 2 may
control or drive a switch or relay 490 that controls a main power line or
lines.
In this embodiment the management system 2 sends a signal to a transistor 350
though in other
embodiments a variety of voltage sensing devices may be used to send
information to the
management system 2 for control determinations and command allocations, which
controls a relay
490 through a resistor 340. The relay 490 controls the operation of the
switching capacitor 450 and
it's in circuit orientation supplying current to a load 500, and ground 440
and or lower potential. In
this example voltage sensing 290 is accomplished with an analog to digital
converted (not shown)
contained within the management system 2 from the electric feed after the
switching capacitor 450
and before the load 500.
Depending on the particular application and embodiment operation can
controlled by the
management system 2 to produce the beneficial action of the switching
capacitor 450 in the circuit
for predictable or specific actions, load 500 requirements or current
frequency or state in a real time
active state, which may include user interactions in live time or
predetermined states. In some
embodiments as referenced herein a consistent continuous operation controlled
directly from the
management system 2 could provide the operation of the switching capacitor 450
to precisely meet
the operational requirements and determined voltage range of a specific
application. This system
and operation can be greatly beneficial for ease of use, cost and operation
wherein the specific
application could encompass a wide range of devices and operational systems
within a single
device or multiple devices and or circuits.
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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Additionally this operation and configuration may be used in some embodiments
to operate
pluralities of switching capacitors 450 wherein for instance one embodiment
could utilize the
management system 2 in an electronic device such as a smart phone, the
operation of a smart
phone requires complex layers of electronics and a multitude of regulated and
independent power
supply lines and systems and circuits. In this embodiment a management system
2 could be used
to control a high plurality of switching capacitor systems(not shown) or
"deflection converters" that
operate independently or conjunctly, wherein frequency/ capacity/ voltage
operational range/
current/ and additional determinants may significantly vary between each
system, which could
utilize different points in time of a singular, or plurality of switching
capacitors 450 during
operational voltage ranges, additionally detection methods and switching
control may also
significantly vary, in some embodiments it may be required to operate
additional pluralities of
management systems 2 and management system 2 design configurations. Management
system 2
pluralities may be needed to ensure proper operation of the switching
capacitor 450 or capacitors,
in these embodiments additional management systems 2 may be needed to ensure
that false
switching caused by signal noise, fluctuation and or switching capacitor 450
operations that may
cause ripple and noise in the power system and or supply 410 which may then be
avoided.
This may be accomplished by independently operating power systems 410 and or
switching
capacitors 450, controlled by a management system 2 or management systems (not
shown) which
may include an extremely high number of pluralities, for instance in the case
of a single microchip
may contain billions of transistors 350 controlling millions of commands and
systems and may be
utilized to operate with memory for instance ROM or "read only memory". In
additional
embodiments a variety of management systems 2 and devices may be used to
control the
operation of the disclosed system and method.
A multitude of current and or voltage sensing and triggering techniques may be
used and are
referenced herein as possible alternate embodiments and are explained in the
section "Initiating
and Control Methods". As well in this embodiment a relay 490 is used though in
other
embodiments a number of switching devices and methods may be used and are
referenced herein
as possible alternate embodiments and are explained in the section "Switching
Methods and
Devices", and may incorporate a management system 2 or process and are
referenced herein as
possible alternate embodiments and are explained and referenced in the
"Management Systems
and Processes" section. A circuit may benefit greatly by designing
architecture to change a
circuit's resistance during operation and are referenced herein as possible
alternate embodiments
and are explained and may be accomplished with reference to the section
"Resistance and
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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Current Control". This resistance may be used to control the current and or
voltage to ensure the
desired output power at different stages of the switching capacitor
oscillation and or during
operation of a varying potential and or current power supply or source,
referenced herein are
possible alternate embodiments and are explained and may be accomplished with
reference to the
section "Current Source and Power Supply". Additionally the operation of the
device and
switching capacitor 450 system and allow for a number of possible output
current state and ranges
referenced herein are possible alternate embodiments and are explained and may
be
accomplished with reference to the section "Output Characteristics". Though
Management
system 2 is described and referenced possible alternate embodiments are
additionally referenced
herein and are explained and may be accomplished with reference to the section
"Integrated
Circuits". Though a switching capacitor 450 is referenced possible alternate
embodiments are
additionally referenced herein and are explained and may be accomplished with
reference to the
section "Storage devices". Though a generic load 500 is referenced possible
alternate
embodiments are additionally referenced herein and are explained and may be
accomplished with
reference to the section "Implementations" as well as the section
"Applications".
Figure 6 is an embodiment of the invention utilizing and converting an
electrostatic storage device
190 into a direct current power source 430 for use as a deflection converter,
in this embodiment the
supply energy is stored in an electrostatic storage device 190 which may be
utilized in a manner in
which the switching capacitor 450 may be directly shorted to the supply power
source 430 to
increase the switching capacitors 450 electrical energy potential, and though
in this embodiment an
electrostatic storage device 190 is used as the power supply additional
embodiments may utilize a
direct current and or an alternating current in order to benefit from the
operation of this
embodiment.
An electrostatic storage device 190 supplies power to the circuit controlling
the operation of the
switching capacitor 450, the switching capacitor 450 and to the load 500, a
management system 2
is used to operate as the circuit control; in this embodiment the management
system 2 is
configured to control two relays 490, the first relay 490 controls the
switching capacitor 450
operation and in circuit orientation, the second relay 490 controls the output
current and either
allows it to travel into a load 500 and perform usable work or it is directly
shorted or put through a
current limiting resistor 340, or load(not shown) with less voltage state
requirements than the main
load 500. The second relay 490 is designed to allow the potential of the power
source in this case
an electrostatic storage device 190 to be utilized to maximize the voltage
potential of the switching
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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capacitor 450 during the charging portion of the operational cycle. The reason
this action is
beneficial is that when the switching capacitor 450 is reoriented in the
circuit and voltage potentials
are combined the voltage state of the circuit will be doubled, or twice the
power source voltage
potential. This increase voltage potential can be greatly beneficial as power
is a direct result of
voltage potential and simultaneous current and as such a higher voltage state
can perform work
that in many circumstances lower voltage potentials cannot. Additionally if in
the case of a power
supply electrostatic storage device 190 and a switching capacitor 450 if
operated in this fully charge
and then fully discharge operation then overall system deliverable energy can
be realized.
The electrostatic storage device 190 then supplies a main power line used for
sensing the voltage
290 and or current supplied to the load 500, in this example a separate
voltage regulator (not
shown) is not used, though in an exemplary embodiment a separate power source
(not shown) and
or voltage regulator (not shown) may be used to supply sensitive operating
circuitry with a smooth
stable power source. In this embodiment a management system 2 is used to
control the operation
of transistors 350 that control relays 490. Each relay 490 controls the
operation of the switching
capacitor 450 and or load 500 and or a direct shorting path with a current
limiting resistor 340 and
it's in circuit orientation supplying current to a load 500. In this example
voltage sensing,
measurement, and triggering the switching capacitor 450 is accomplished by the
management
system 2.
A multitude of current and or voltage sensing and triggering techniques may be
used and are
.. referenced herein as possible alternate embodiments and are explained in
the section "Initiating
and Control Methods". As well in this embodiment a relay 490 is used though in
other
embodiments a number of switching devices and methods may be used and are
referenced herein
as possible alternate embodiments and are explained in the section "Switching
Methods and
Devices", and may incorporate a management system or process and are
referenced herein as
possible alternate embodiments and are explained and referenced in the
"Management Systems
and Processes" section. A circuit may benefit greatly by designing
architecture to change a
circuit's resistance during operation and are referenced herein as possible
alternate embodiments
and are explained and may be accomplished with reference to the section
"Resistance and
Current Control". This resistance may be used to control the current and or
voltage to ensure the
desired output power at different stages of the switching capacitor
oscillation and or during
operation of a varying potential and or current power supply or source,
referenced herein are
possible alternate embodiments and are explained and may be accomplished with
reference to the
section "Current Source and Power Supply". Additionally the operation of the
device and
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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switching capacitor 450 system and allow for a number of possible output
current state and ranges
referenced herein are possible alternate embodiments and are explained and may
be
accomplished with reference to the section "Output Characteristics". Though
Management
system 2 is described and referenced possible alternate embodiments are
additionally referenced
herein and are explained and may be accomplished with reference to the section
"Integrated
Circuits". Though a switching capacitor 450 is referenced possible alternate
embodiments are
additionally referenced herein and are explained and may be accomplished with
reference to the
section "Storage devices". Though a generic load 500 is referenced possible
alternate
embodiments are additionally referenced herein and are explained and may be
accomplished with
reference to the section "Implementations" as well as the section
"Applications".
Figure 7 is an embodiment of the invention utilizing a management system 2 and
demonstrates the
preferred digital embodiment of the device, direct current power source 430
and configuration, for
use as a deflection converter. The management system 2 configuration utilizes
a DC power source
430 though in alternate embodiments may utilize an alternating current power
source or sources or
varying source such as an electrostatic storage device. The current may be
routed through a
voltage regulator (not shown) or there may exist multiple separate power
sources or "lines", and in
additional embodiments a variety of switching devices may be used to control
power sources and
or lines.
The current then supplies a main power line source 410 which in some
embodiments may be used
for sensing the voltage 290 and or before and or after current supplied to the
load 500 and or
ground 440, in different embodiments the management system 2 may control or
drive a switch or
relay (not shown) that controls a main power line or lines. In this embodiment
the management
system 2 sends a signal to transistors 350 through a resistor 340. The
transistors 350 control the
operation of the switching capacitor 450 and it's in circuit orientation
supplying current to a load
500, and ground 440 and or lower potential.
In this example voltage sensing 290 is accomplished with an analog to digital
converter (not shown)
contained within the management system 2 from the electric feed after the
switching capacitor 450
and before the load 500. Depending on the particular application and
embodiment operation can be
controlled by the management system 2 to produce the beneficial action of the
switching capacitor
450 in the circuit for predictable or specific actions, load 500 requirements
or current frequency or
state in a real time active state, which may include user interactions in live
time or predetermined
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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states. In some embodiments as referenced herein a consistent continuous
operation controlled
directly from the management system 2 could provide the operation of the
switching capacitor 450
to precisely meet the operational requirements and determined voltage range of
a specific
application.
This system and operation can be greatly beneficial for ease of use, cost and
operation wherein the
specific application could encompass a wide range of devices and operational
systems within a
single device or multiple devices and or circuits. Additionally this operation
and configuration may
be used in some embodiments to operate pluralities of switching capacitors 450
wherein for
instance one embodiment could utilize the management system 2 in an electronic
device such as a
.. smart phone, the operation of a smart phone requires complex layers of
electronics and a multitude
of regulated and independent power supply lines and systems and circuits.
In this embodiment a management system 2 could be used to control a high
plurality of switching
capacitor systems(not shown) or "deflection converters" that operate
independently or conjunctly,
wherein frequency/ capacity/ voltage operational range/ current/ and
additional determinants may
significantly vary between each system, which could utilize different points
in time of a singular, or
plurality of switching capacitors 450 during operational voltage ranges and or
of different
capacitances and ratings and or tolerance, additionally detection methods and
switching control
may also significantly vary, in some embodiments it may be required to operate
additional
pluralities of management systems 2 and management system 2 design
configurations.
Management system 2 pluralities may be needed to ensure proper operation of
the switching
capacitor 450 or capacitors, in these embodiments additional management
systems 2 may be
needed to ensure that false switching caused by signal noise, fluctuation and
or switching capacitor
450 operations that may cause ripple and noise in the power system and or
supply 410 which may
then be avoided. This may be accomplished by independently operating power
systems 410 and or
switching capacitors 450, controlled by a management system 2 or management
systems (not
shown) which may include an extremely high number of pluralities, for instance
in the case of a
single microchip may contain billions of transistors 350 controlling millions
of commands and
systems. In additional embodiments a variety of management systems 2 and
devices may be used
to control the operation of the disclosed system and method.
.. The switching capacitor 450 outputs current into a system of resistors 340,
transistors 350 that
control the current and voltage into a load(s) 500, and to a ground 440 or
lower potential. This
configuration of resistors 340, transistors 350 allows the current to travel
into desired resistance
paths based on the point in time, and voltage of the switching capacitor 450,
the reason for this is
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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the switching capacitors 450 benefit is realized over a range of charging and
discharging of the
switching capacitor 450. This charging and discharging causes a wide range of
circuit voltages and
when applied to a load 500 being a fixed resistance will cause at first an
increase of circuit current,
as a factor of Ohm's law, that being an increased voltage applied to a fixed
resistance causes an
increase in current.
This increased current and its effect on increasing circuit power may be of
great usefulness in
certain embodiments though for a number of embodiments the benefit of the
switching capacitor
operation would more greatly be realized by extending operating time and or
efficiency, so in these
embodiments the amount of circuit current may be controlled by first
introducing the high voltage
from the switching capacitor 450 and power source 410 into an increased and
determined
resistance, thereby reducing in circuit current and extending the operational
time constant. Then as
voltage is reduced and or reducing, activate different transistors 350 and or
switches, to offer less
and less resistance to the declining voltage and allowing circuit voltage and
current to remain
consistent, which may be across any plurality of resistors 340 and or
resistance range controlling
device( not shown). This embodiment is particularly suitable for systems
employing digital logic
levels and operation as all of the system controls are electronic and thus can
be operated at high
frequency state thus allowing a reduction in capacitance of the switching
capacitor 450 as well as
its physical size and footprint making it more suitable for non-limiting
examples of personal
electronics and devices.
A multitude of current and or voltage sensing and triggering techniques may be
used and are
referenced herein as possible alternate embodiments and are explained in the
section "Initiating
and Control Methods". As well in this embodiment a relay 490 is used though in
other
embodiments a number of switching devices and methods may be used and are
referenced herein
as possible alternate embodiments and are explained in the section "Switching
Methods and
Devices", and may incorporate a management system or process and are
referenced herein as
possible alternate embodiments and are explained and referenced in the
"Management Systems
and Processes" section. A circuit may benefit greatly by designing
architecture to change a
circuit's resistance during operation and are referenced herein as possible
alternate embodiments
and are explained and may be accomplished with reference to the section
"Resistance and
Current Control". This resistance may be used to control the current and or
voltage to ensure the
desired output power at different stages of the switching capacitor
oscillation and or during
operation of a varying potential and or current power supply or source,
referenced herein are
possible alternate embodiments and are explained and may be accomplished with
reference to the
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
33
section "Current Source and Power Supply". Additionally the operation of the
device and
switching capacitor 450 system and allow for a number of possible output
current state and ranges
referenced herein are possible alternate embodiments and are explained and may
be
accomplished with reference to the section "Output Characteristics". Though a
Management
system 2 is described and referenced possible alternate embodiments are
additionally referenced
herein and are explained and may be accomplished with reference to the section
"Integrated
Circuits". Though a switching capacitor 450 is referenced possible alternate
embodiments are
additionally referenced herein and are explained and may be accomplished with
reference to the
section "Storage devices". Though a generic load 500 is referenced possible
alternate
embodiments are additionally referenced herein and are explained and may be
accomplished with
reference to the section "Implementations" as well as the section
"Applications".
Figure 8 is a block diagram of the device utilizing a management system 2 uses
a system for
managing energy, accumulation, storage, switch, and discharge system the
device may be
connected and controlled by any number of management systems 2 and techniques
and may
include system controller 84 or microcontroller. The controller 84, may be
controlled by a computer
code or script, embedded system, or artificial intelligence, controlling
commands of the controller
84, connected to the circuit, may use a plurality and multitude of different
switching devices 480
and current and polarity control devices 480 and may comprise different
switching device 480 and
or capacitor/ electrostatic storage device 190 arrangements. The input and
output of each switching
electrical storage device 190 may be connected to separate output switches 480
or a single switch
480 or relay(not shown) or not, and may include multiple relay poles which
could be any number of
different types or styles for electronically controlled switching, with all or
some switches 480
controlled by a CPU 78 or paired with an existing CPU 78, in a non-limiting
example of a master
and slave configuration. The CPU 78 may be controlled by a computer code or
script, embedded
system, or artificial intelligence, that tells the system controller 84, to
send a signal to relay's (not
shown) or switches 480 which may be connected to a charge booster or
multiplier circuit (not
shown), which may discharge through a load 500, or another storage device to
create usable work.
Additionally some embodiments may utilize a management system 2 as a component
of the device
which may control various functions some or all of which may consist of, the
operation of all
electronically operated components; the charging and discharging and
combinational
arrangements; power regulation means 46 for regulating power; a memory
section, a search
starting means 80 for starting a search; measurement data acquiring means 44
for acquiring
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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magnetic field data and or electric power data, the magnetic field data being
measured values of
the energy sources and or magnetic field and or capacitor/ electrostatic
storage device 190 data.
The electric power data representing information associated with electric
power that is outputted
from the energy source and required for operation, and used by the management
system 2.
Functions may also include deriving means for deriving a relational equation
that holds between the
magnetic field data and electric power data to maintain target values
including voltage and current
output. Monitoring functions for abnormal state determining, and may include
means for
determining whether or not the energy source, a collection device, or any
energy switching, energy
transforming, or managed circuits are in an abnormal state. Searching
functions 80 and a search
procedure, selecting means for selecting, and in accordance with a result of
determination of the
abnormal state determining means, a procedure for managing abnormal energy
sources, magnetic
fields, accumulation devises, capacitors 190, energy switching devises 480,
transformers 56,
management circuits.
In some embodiments, the management system 2 is needed to facilitate managing
the electric
current, then storing the collected charges in an electrostatic storage device
190, switching
collection devices in circuit orientation with a switch 480, and then
discharging collected charges,
then switching accumulators and or electrical storage devices 190; at a
controllable rate, that can
be replicated and controlled to an extremely high number of pluralities. To
maximize energy from
an energy source and or accumulators and or electrical storage devices 190 can
be accomplished
with current 42 and voltage 40 measuring devises, switches 480, accumulators
and or electrical
storage devices and or including capacitors 190, dc-dc charge booster or
multiplier (not shown),
transformers 56 and or sequential and or parallel and or series arrangements.
And in some
embodiments a simplified management system 2 may be beneficial utilizing some
and or different
arrangement of listed or other functions, and additionally a mechanical system
in some
embodiment may be advantageous, for instance pairing with a commutator switch
(not shown), or
relays(not shown), utilizing the driving forced for controlling switching and
energy characteristics,
and in some embodiments utilizing no management system 2 instead using current
oscillators,
comparators, op amps, decade counter, motor, generator or natural means to
control the switching
force and or speed, this simplified management system 2 may be advantageous
for a consistently
regulated and or switching electrostatic storage device 190 and or energy
source.
Each circuit and module is an electrically connected system of components, and
may be managed
by the management system 2, which may include additional devises and systems
such as; a steady
electric current, circuit, a display 62, a direct current power conditioner
50, current power output
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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interface 130, voltage booster or multiplier (not shown), a thermometer 36, a
thermometer interface
116, magnetic field sensor 34, magnetic field sensor interface 114, voltmeter
40, voltmeter interface
120, an ammeter 42, an ammeter interface 122, a measuring devise 44, a
measuring devise
interface 140, an inverter 48, an inverter interface 128, a system controller
84, a system controller
interface 124, power control means 46, power system interface 126, a target
value setting capable
device 54, a target value capable setting device interface 134, an input
device 60, a target value
interface 136, an alternating current output interface 58, a transformer(s)
56, a variable frequency
drive 52, a variable frequency drive interlace 132, a central processing unit
"CPU" 78, a processor
74, estimating means 76, computing means 78, network interface 138, load 500,
search control
means 80, relative relational expression equations 104, abnormal measurement
memory 102, time
series data memory 100, measurement data memory 98, accuracy data memory 96,
operating
estimations data 94, target value memory 92, a rated value database 90.
The control section can serve to control the overall control and operation of
various components of
the management system 2, circuits, modules, and the memory section can serve
to store
information. The control section may be configured to include a measurement
data acquiring
section (measurement data acquiring means 44), the amount of current/voltage
(current 42/voltage
40 acquiring means), a computing section (computing means 78), a target value
setting section
(target value setting means 54), a search control section (search starting
means 80), power system
section (power system controlling means 46), and in estimating section
(estimating means 76).
Further the memory section may be configured to include a target value memory
section 92, a
memory section 98, and a relative relational expression equation section 104,
a rated value
database 90.
The memory section serves to store, as measurement data 98, measurement data
obtained from
each measuring instrument while the management system 2 is operating.
Specifically, the
measurement data 98 may contain the following measured values measured at the;
measure point
of time, operating current value, operating voltage value, amount, magnetic
field strengths, and
temperature. The measure point in time is data representing year, month, day,
hour, minute, and
second. Further the operating current value in operating voltage value refer
to values of an electric
current and voltage is measured at a point, respectively.
Further, temperature may be measured by the thermometer 36; magnetic fields
are measured by a
magnetic field sensor 34. The rated value database 90 is provided with a
memory section and a
target value memory section. The memory section serves to store relative
relational expression
equations 104, for maintaining operating current values and operating voltage
values. The target
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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value memory section, serves to store target values 92 of the operational
estimations 94, and
accuracy of relative relational expression equations 96, that determine power
usage and magnetic
field strength relations, to ensure optimal system performance and efficiency,
that can be
interpreted for command allocation.
The measurement data acquiring section, may serves to acquire measuring values
from each
measurement instrument. Specifically, the measurement data acquiring section
may acquire
measurement data of (electrical power data, temperature, magnetic field data),
which is time-series
data, containing the electric current value, the voltage value, the
temperature, the magnetic fields,
from the measuring instruments of the ammeter 42 and voltmeter 40, the
magnetic sensor 34,
thermometer 36, and sends the measurement data to the search control section
80 of the database
90.
The search control means 80, may search for relative relational expression
equations 104, to
interpret historical relations to measurement data values 98, and interpret
proportional relationships
between stored measurement values 98, operational characteristics, and
predetermined target
value ranges 92, including output characteristics, discharge relational
information including
combinational arrangement output power data, cluster and module combination
data, and duty
cycle optimization equations.
The search control means 80, may compute measurement characteristics if
measurements have
been measured and stored even once and can compare characteristics with the
target value setting
section 54/134, which may also incorporate a learning effect, or artificial
intelligence, interpretations
can be interpreted by the central processing unit CPU 78, which can send
instructions to the
system controller 84, which can then send command signals to active switching
480 and control
systems, and components, to control predetermined, or instructed operational
target values 92 and
functions.
The measurement data acquiring section, may also serve to determine faults, by
acquiring and
comparing measured values from the measurement data memory 98 storage section,
and by
interpreting abnormal operating system measurements 102. Abnormal measurements
102, may be
stored in the memory storage section, and additionally may be sent to the
display 62, to indicate to
users of the management system 2, abnormal measurements 102, or may be sent to
the control
section and the target value memory section, and may perform tasks such as
bypassing abnormally
operating circuits, modules, systems, or component's, and or by
compartmentalizing systems
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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containing faults and maintaining predetermined target operating conditions,
output power
characteristics and functions.
It should be noted that measurements may be computed by performing
measurements by
measuring each instrument once, or more than once, at a time of introduction
of the management
system 2, or may be computed as a search performed manually by the user's
operating the
management system 2, or maybe performed automatically, e.g., regularly. In
particular
measurements may be performed at predetermined intervals, or from time to
time. The exacting
control of the electromagnetic, electrostatic and electrochemical fields under
the devices
management is a main primary concern of the disclosed invention, switching
consumption is of
concern in order to not reach an inefficient level, though a certain trade-off
of output energy and
energy consumption occurs.
A multitude of current and or voltage sensing and triggering techniques may be
used and are
referenced herein as possible alternate embodiments and are explained in the
section "Initiating
and Control Methods". As well in this embodiment a relay 490 is used though in
other
embodiments a number of switching devices and methods may be used and are
referenced herein
as possible alternate embodiments and are explained in the section "Switching
Methods and
Devices", and may incorporate a management system or process and are
referenced herein as
possible alternate embodiments and are explained and referenced in the
"Management Systems
and Processes" section. A circuit may benefit greatly by designing
architecture to change a
circuit's resistance during operation and are referenced herein as possible
alternate embodiments
and are explained and may be accomplished with reference to the section
"Resistance and
Current Control". This resistance may be used to control the current and or
voltage to ensure the
desired output power at different stages of the switching capacitor
oscillation and or during
operation of a varying potential and or current power supply or source,
referenced herein are
possible alternate embodiments and are explained and may be accomplished with
reference to the
section "Current Source and Power Supply". Additionally the operation of the
device and
switching capacitor 450 system and allow for a number of possible output
current state and ranges
referenced herein are possible alternate embodiments and are explained and may
be
accomplished with reference to the section "Output Characteristics". Though a
management
system 2 is described and referenced possible alternate embodiments are
additionally referenced
herein and are explained and may be accomplished with reference to the section
"Integrated
Circuits". Though a switching capacitor 450 is referenced possible alternate
embodiments are
additionally referenced herein and are explained and may be accomplished with
reference to the
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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section "Storage devices". Though a generic load 500 is referenced possible
alternate
embodiments are additionally referenced herein and are explained and may be
accomplished with
reference to the section "Implementations" as well as the section
"Applications".
Figure 9 is a block diagram of the device utilizing a management system 2 uses
a system for
managing energy, accumulation, storage, switch, and discharge system the
device may be
connected and controlled by any number of management systems 2 and techniques
and may
include system controller 84 or microcontroller. The controller 84, may be
controlled by a computer
code or script, embedded system, or artificial intelligence, controlling
commands of the controller
84, connected to the circuit, may use a plurality and multitude of different
switching devices 480
and current and polarity control devices 480 and may comprise different
switching device 480 and
or capacitor/ electrostatic storage device 190 arrangements. The input and
output of each switching
electrical storage device 190 may be connected to separate output switches 480
or a single switch
480 or relay(not shown) or not, and may include multiple relay poles which
could be any number of
different types or styles for electronically controlled switching, with all or
some switches 480
controlled by a CPU 78 or paired with an existing CPU 78, in a non-limiting
example of a master
and slave configuration. The CPU 78 may be controlled by a computer code or
script, embedded
system, or artificial intelligence, that tells the system controller 84, to
send a signal to relay's (not
shown) or switches 480 which may be connected to a charge booster and or
multiplier and or buck
and or switch mode power supply circuit and or converter 650, which may
discharge through a load
500, or another storage device to create usable work.
Additionally some embodiments may utilize a management system 2 as a component
of the device
which may control various functions some or all of which may consist of, the
operation of all
electronically operated components; the charging and discharging and
combinational
arrangements; power regulation means 46 for regulating power; a memory
section, a search
starting means 80 for starting a search; measurement data acquiring means 44
for acquiring
magnetic field data and or electric power data, the magnetic field data being
measured values of
the energy sources and or magnetic field and or capacitor/ electrostatic
storage device 190 data.
The electric power data representing information associated with electric
power that is outputted
from the energy source and required for operation, and used by the management
system 2.
Functions may also include deriving means for deriving a relational equation
that holds between the
magnetic field data and electric power data to maintain target values
including voltage and current
output. Monitoring functions for abnormal state determining, and may include
means for
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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determining whether or not the energy source, a collection device, or any
energy switching, energy
transforming, or managed circuits are in an abnormal state. Searching
functions 80 and a search
procedure, selecting means for selecting, and in accordance with a result of
determination of the
abnormal state determining means, a procedure for managing abnormal energy
sources, magnetic
fields, accumulation devises, capacitors 190, energy switching devises 480,
transformers 56,
management circuits.
In some embodiments, the management system 2 is needed to facilitate managing
the electric
current, then storing the collected charges in an electrostatic storage device
190, switching
collection devices in circuit orientation with a switch 480, and then
discharging collected charges,
then switching accumulators and or electrical storage devices 190; at a
controllable rate, that can
be replicated and controlled to an extremely high number of pluralities. To
maximize energy from
an energy source and or accumulators and or electrical storage devices 190 can
be accomplished
with current 42 and voltage 40 measuring devises, switches 480, accumulators
and or electrical
storage devices and or including capacitors 190, dc-dc converter 650,
transformers 56 and or
sequential and or parallel and or series arrangements. And in some embodiments
a simplified
management system 2 may be beneficial utilizing some and or different
arrangement of listed or
other functions, and additionally a mechanical system in some embodiment may
be advantageous,
for instance pairing with a commutator switch (not shown), or relays(not
shown), utilizing the driving
forced for controlling switching and energy characteristics, and in some
embodiments utilizing no
management system 2 instead using current oscillators, comparators, op amps,
decade counter,
motor, generator or natural means to control the switching force and or speed,
this simplified
management system 2 may be advantageous for a consistently regulated and or
switching
electrostatic storage device 190 and or energy source.
Each circuit and module is an electrically connected system of components, and
may be managed
by the management system 2, which may include additional devises and systems
such as; a steady
electric current, circuit, a display 62, a direct current power conditioner
50, current power output
interface 130, voltage booster and or reducer 650, a thermometer 36, a
thermometer interface 116,
magnetic field sensor 34, magnetic field sensor interface 114, voltmeter 40,
voltmeter interface 120,
an ammeter 42, an ammeter interface 122, a measuring devise 44, a measuring
devise interface
140, an inverter 48, an inverter interface 128, a system controller 84, a
system controller interface
124, power control means 46, power system interface 126, a target value
setting capable device
54, a target value capable setting device interface 134, an input device 60, a
target value interface
136, an alternating current output interface 58, a transformer(s) 56, a
variable frequency drive 52, a
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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variable frequency drive interface 132, a central processing unit "CPU" 78, a
processor 74,
estimating means 76, computing means 78, network interface 138, load 500,
search control means
80, relative relational expression equations 104, abnormal measurement memory
102, time series
data memory 100, measurement data memory 98, accuracy data memory 96,
operating
estimations data 94, target value memory 92, a rated value database 90.
The control section can serve to control the overall control and operation of
various components of
the management system 2, circuits, modules, and the memory section can serve
to store
information. The control section may be configured to include a measurement
data acquiring
section (measurement data acquiring means 44), the amount of current/voltage
(current 42/voltage
40 acquiring means), a computing section (computing means 78), a target value
setting section
(target value setting means 54), a search control section (search starting
means 80), power system
section (power system controlling means 46), and in estimating section
(estimating means 76).
Further the memory section may be configured to include a target value memory
section 92, a
memory section 98, and a relative relational expression equation section 104,
a rated value
database 90.
The memory section serves to store, as measurement data 98, measurement data
obtained from
each measuring instrument while the management system 2 is operating.
Specifically, the
measurement data 98 may contain the following measured values measured at the;
measure point
of time, operating current value, operating voltage value, amount, magnetic
field strengths, and
temperature. The measure point in time is data representing year, month, day,
hour, minute, and
second. Further the operating current value in operating voltage value refer
to values of an electric
current and voltage is measured at a point, respectively.
Further, temperature may be measured by the thermometer 36; magnetic fields
are measured by a
magnetic field sensor 34. The rated value database 90 is provided with a
memory section and a
target value memory section. The memory section serves to store relative
relational expression
equations 104, for maintaining operating current values and operating voltage
values. The target
value memory section, serves to store target values 92 of the operational
estimations 94, and
accuracy of relative relational expression equations 96, that determine power
usage and magnetic
field strength relations, to ensure optimal system performance and efficiency,
that can be
interpreted for command allocation.
The measurement data acquiring section, may serves to acquire measuring values
from each
measurement instrument. Specifically, the measurement data acquiring section
may acquire
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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measurement data of (electrical power data, temperature, magnetic field data),
which is time-series
data, containing the electric current value, the voltage value, the
temperature, the magnetic fields,
from the measuring instruments of the ammeter 42 and voltmeter 40, the
magnetic sensor 34,
thermometer 36, and sends the measurement data to the search control section
80 of the database
90.
The search control means 80, may search for relative relational expression
equations 104, to
interpret historical relations to measurement data values 98, and interpret
proportional relationships
between stored measurement values 98, operational characteristics, and
predetermined target
value ranges 92, including output characteristics, discharge relational
information including
combinational arrangement output power data, cluster and module combination
data, and duty
cycle optimization equations.
The search control means 80, may compute measurement characteristics if
measurements have
been measured and stored even once and can compare characteristics with the
target value setting
section 54/134, which may also incorporate a learning effect, or artificial
intelligence, interpretations
can be interpreted by the central processing unit CPU 78, which can send
instructions to the
system controller 84, which can then send command signals to active switching
480 and control
systems, and components, to control predetermined, or instructed operational
target values 92 and
functions.
The measurement data acquiring section, may also serve to determine faults, by
acquiring and
comparing measured values from the measurement data memory 98 storage section,
and by
interpreting abnormal operating system measurements 102. Abnormal measurements
102, may be
stored in the memory storage section, and additionally may be sent to the
display 62, to indicate to
users of the management system 2, abnormal measurements 102, or may be sent to
the control
section and the target value memory section, and may perform tasks such as
bypassing abnormally
operating circuits, modules, systems, or component's, and or by
compartmentalizing systems
containing faults and maintaining predetermined target operating conditions,
output power
characteristics and functions.
It should be noted that measurements may be computed by performing
measurements by
measuring each instrument once, or more than once, at a time of introduction
of the management
system 2, or may be computed as a search performed manually by the user's
operating the
management system 2, or maybe performed automatically, e.g., regularly. In
particular
measurements may be performed at predetermined intervals, or from time to
time. The exacting
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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control of the electromagnetic, electrostatic and electrochemical fields under
the devices
management is a main primary concern of the disclosed invention, switching
consumption is of
concern in order to not reach an inefficient level, though a certain trade-off
of output energy and
energy consumption occurs.
A multitude of current and or voltage sensing and triggering techniques may be
used and are
referenced herein as possible alternate embodiments and are explained in the
section "Initiating
and Control Methods". As well in this embodiment a relay 490 is used though in
other
embodiments a number of switching devices and methods may be used and are
referenced herein
as possible alternate embodiments and are explained in the section "Switching
Methods and
Devices", and may incorporate a management system or process and are
referenced herein as
possible alternate embodiments and are explained and referenced in the
"Management Systems
and Processes" section. A circuit may benefit greatly by designing
architecture to change a
circuit's resistance during operation and are referenced herein as possible
alternate embodiments
and are explained and may be accomplished with reference to the section
"Resistance and
.. Current Control". This resistance may be used to control the current and or
voltage to ensure the
desired output power at different stages of the switching capacitor
oscillation and or during
operation of a varying potential and or current power supply or source,
referenced herein are
possible alternate embodiments and are explained and may be accomplished with
reference to the
section "Current Source and Power Supply". Additionally the operation of the
device and
switching capacitor 450 system and allow for a number of possible output
current state and ranges
referenced herein are possible alternate embodiments and are explained and may
be
accomplished with reference to the section "Output Characteristics". Though a
management
system 2 is described and referenced possible alternate embodiments are
additionally referenced
herein and are explained and may be accomplished with reference to the section
"Integrated
Circuits". Though a switching capacitor 450 is referenced possible alternate
embodiments are
additionally referenced herein and are explained and may be accomplished with
reference to the
section "Storage devices". Though a generic load 500 is referenced possible
alternate
embodiments are additionally referenced herein and are explained and may be
accomplished with
reference to the section "Implementations" as well as the section
"Applications".
Figure 10 is a diagram showing the operating range of the disclosed system and
method versus the
normal and traditional operation of an electrostatic storage device, it
expresses the traditional
inefficient operation of devices such as capacitors and why they have only
traditionally maintained
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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a 50% efficiency operational level. It also expresses the operational benefits
of utilizing the
disclosed system and method for use in a circuit and the ability of proper use
to increase the
effective work potential, voltage and current of a circuit in operation that
maintains a work product
the during the entire operation of the switching capacitor and or
electrostatic storage device while
operating.
Figure 11 is a diagram showing the Switching Capacitor operation while in
operation and
oscillating, of the disclosed system and method, it expresses the operational
variance and polarity
reversals of the switching capacitor in operation, that being an oscillation
between positive and
negative polarity's of the capacitor plates if measurements are maintained on
the same output
terminals or legs of the capacitor.
Figure 12 is a diagram showing the operating range and output current voltage
characteristics of a
circuit while operating of the disclosed system and method, it expresses the
rise or peak voltage a
circuit experiences after a switch occurs and then a decreasing voltage until
the operation of a
switching capacitor and or electrostatic storage device.
Integrated Circuits
Integrated circuits or "IC's" are arrangements of electronic components
integrated into a single
package, the design and function of which can vary significantly and lists
into the hundreds of
thousands of designs. In the disclosed system and method an IC may be used to
accomplish the
action of the switching capacitor and its operation and control. The wide
combinational
arrangements and component mixes of IC's and their continuous development and
repackaging
defeat the inclusion and reference to specific IC's, their use and application
in the disclosed system
and method, and as such any reference to a specific IC or device is made with
the assertion that
the function or variation of the function the IC's preforms and or is intended
to preform may be
accomplished in a multitude of combinational arrangements and designs, the
resultant function of
which is in fact the invention and disclosure, and that the specific IC that
preforms or is intended to
perform the function, or variation of the function is arbitrary, and any
variation and or combination of
components and or IC's that facilitate the action and or operation and or
produce the intended
result of the disclosed system and method are heretofore incorporated as part
of this disclosure
and are referenced herein.
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Initiating and Control Methods
Options for initiating and control methods may include non-limiting examples
of any singular or
combinational arrangement of the following; reed switch next to a high current
conductor, hall
sensors, opto-coupler across a sense resistor, a coil driven with a feedback
loop and sensed by a
hall sensor, analog to digital converter, wheatstone bridge, voltage sensing
relays, capacitive
voltage sensors, resistive voltage sensor, reset IC, over voltage IC, under
voltage IC, flip flop,
resistance bridge, direct or indirect current sensor such as a Rogowski coil
which can sense the
current and cause a switch based on a reduction in the load current as a
result of lower voltage
applied to a resistance, combined sensor, closed loop hall effect, open loop
hall effect, pulsed
.. voltage detection, transducers, electroscope, galvanometer, daly detector,
farady cup, hall probe,
magnetic anomaly sensor, magnetometer, magnetoresistance, MEMS magnetic field
sensor, metal
detector, transformer, inductor, microcontroller, microprocessor, controller,
processor, transistor,
transistors, planar hall sensor, radio detection sensor, particle detector,
and measurement to
action conversion systems, devices and or sensors such as light level non
limiting examples may
include light dependant resistor, photodiode, photo-transistor, solar cell,
infrared sensor, kinetic
inductance detector, light addressable potentiometric sensor, radiometer,
fiber optic sensor,
charged-coupled device, CMOS sensor, thermopile laser sensor, optical position
sensor, photo
detector, photomultiplier tubes, photoelectric sensor, photoionization
detector, photomultiplier,
photo-resistor, photo-switch, phototu be, scintillometer, shack-hartmann,
single-photon avalanche
diode, superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, transition edge
sensor, visible light photon
counter, wavefront sensor, temperature non limiting examples may include
thermocouple,
thermistor, thermostat, bolometer, bimetallic strip, calorimeter, exhaust gas
temperature gauge,
flame detection, gardon gauge, golay cell, heat flux sensor, infrared
thermometer, microbolometer,
microwave radiometer, net radiometer, quartz thermometer, resistance
thermometer, silicon
bandgap temperature sensor, special sensor, pyrometer, resistive temperature
detectors,
capacitive temperature detectors, force and or pressure non limiting examples
may include strain
gauge pressure switch, load cells, barograph, barometer, boost guage, bourdon
gauge, hot filament
ionization gauge, ionization gauge, mcleod gauge, oscillating U-tube,
permanent downhole gauge,
piezometer, pirani gauge, pressure sensor, pressure gauge , tactile sensor,
time pressure gauge,
air flow meter, bhangmeter, hydrometer, force gauge, level sensor, load cell,
magnetic level gauge,
torque sensor, viscometer position non limiting examples may include
potentiometer, encoders,
reflective/ slotted opto-switch, LVDT/ strain gauge, speed non limiting
examples may include
tachto-generator, reflective slotted opto-coupler, Doppler effect sensors,
sound non limiting
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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examples may include carbo microphone, piezo-electric crystal, resonance,
geophone,
hydrophone, lace sensor, guitar pickup, microphone, seismometer, surface
acoustic wave sensor
passive sensors, active sensors, analog sensor, digital sensor, chemical non
limiting examples may
include chemical field effect transistor, electrochemical gas, electrolyte-
insulator-semiconductor,
fluorescent chloride sensor, hydrographic, hydrogen sensor, H2S sensor,
infrared point sensor, ion-
selective electrode, non-dispersive IR sensor, microwave chemistry sensor,
oflactometer, optode,
02 sensor, pellistor, potemtinnetric sensor, redox electrode.
Switching Methods and Devices
Options for switching methods and devices may include non-limiting examples
of; late switch,
momentary switch, devises such as relays, single pole relay, multi pole relay,
single throw relay,
multi throw relay, reed switches, reed relays, mercury reed switches,
contactors or commutators
which can utilize a rotary or mechanical movement action, for instance a
commutator(s) as the
switching devise, utilizing arrangements of contact points or brushes or
mercury brushes, to allow
charging and discharging, additionally switching mechanisms may include, limit
switch, membrane
switch, pressure switch, pull switch, push switch, rocker switch, rotary
switch, slide switch,
thumbwheel switch, push wheel switch, toggle switch, pole switch, throws and
form factor switches,
trembler switch, vibration switch, tilt switch, air pressure switch, turn
switch, key switch, linear
switch, rotary switch, limit switch, micro switch, mercury tilt switch, knife
switch, analog switch,
centrifugal switch, company switch, dead man's switch, firemans switch, hall-
effect switch, inertia
switch, isolator switch, kill switch, latching switch, load control switch,
piezo switch, sense switch,
optical switch, stepping switch, thermal switch, time switch, touch switch,
transfer switch, zero
speed switch.
Electronic devices may be used to control switching and or be the switches
such as transistors,
thyristors, mosfets, diodes, shockley diodes, avalance diodes, Zener diodes
and their reversal
.. breakdown properties, signal diodes, constant current diodes, step recovery
diodes, tunnel diodes,
varactor diodes, laser diode, transient voltage suppression diode, gold doped
diodes, super barrier
diodes, peltier diodes, crystal diodes, silicole controlled rectifier, vacuum
diodes, pin diodes, gunn
diodes, and additionally transistors such as junction transistors, NPN
transistors, PNP transistors,
FET transistors, JFET transistors, N Channel JFET transistors, P Channel JFEt
transistors,
MOSFET, N channel MOSET, P Channel MOSFET, Function based transistors, small
signal
transistors, small switching transistors, comparator, op amp, decade counter,
power transistors,
high frequency transistors, photo transistors, unijunction transistors,
thyristors not limited to silicone
controlled rectifier, gate turn off thyristor, integrated gate commutated
thyristor, MOS controlled
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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thyristor, Static induction thyristor, and any switch or mechanism to perform
this desired function.
Additionally, artificially created voltage drops could be used to maintain
determined voltage range
utilized through switching, this could include in series diodes that can be
individually bypassed,
creating a consistent voltage by continuing to bypass each diode using a
switch to eliminate their
in-circuit voltage drop.
Applications
This system is described with reference to the preferred embodiment of a
direct current power
circuit, though in some embodiments the method involved herein may utilize
accumulators and or
capacitors and switch operations and may be beneficial for use with other
power generation
methods or a supply current such as AC circuits, photovoltaic, piezoelectric,
thermoelectric,
ambient, RE, fuel cell, and electrochemical, existing induction sources such
as wind turbines,
hydroelectric, geothermal, coal, natural gas, nuclear, wave energy, liquid gas
such as oxygen and
other pressure based systems.
Efficiency is of primary concern for many applications where in the use of
this technology is to
expand the efficiency and useful operation of devices such as cell phones,
mobile devices
computers, transportation would be greatly benefited by the adoption of this
technology either as an
efficiency increasing method, or power reducing method, this includes vehicles
and transportation
or devices, air transportation or devices, sea transportation or devices,
space transportation or
devices and electronic devises. Additionally, power producing equipment/
generators efficiencies
and or power may be increased as a result of a combinational arrangement with
this system and
method which will be of great benefit for many practical implementations,
including a sequential
generation configuration enabling power amplification. The system and method
may be adopted
for, and may be scaled up to large-scale industrial applications and for use
with a base load power
supply, or miniaturized, even to the atomic state for the new generation of
mini, micro or atomic
sized devises, and or any possible sizes or combinations within this range.
Implementations
The devices applications and possible uses in our modern electricity based
world would be too
great a number of possibilities to list in a single document, it should be
clear to the reader that
because of the sophistication of the many inventors, and institutions of the
world that this
technology can be utilized for virtually any use that requires power and uses
some form of electric,
electrostatic, electrochemical, or electromagnetic field storage device or
accumulator, so a non-
limiting example of a potential use embodiment would be a devise that requires
an electric current,
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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or a magnetic field to operate from Nano sized to commercial industrial sized,
with some of the
notable examples being transportation (cars, trucks, airplanes, ships, trains,
flying craft, automobile,
or machinery), electrical production such as( single or multi dwelling,
electrical grid supply,
commercial or industrial supply, or retrofitting existing electrical
generation systems and machines),
and electronic devices such as ( implantable devises, portable electronics,
electronic devices,
electrical devices, phones, computers, tv's, heaters, air conditioners,
lighting, miniature and or
nano-electronics or devises) and all power or electrical consuming devises or
equipment.
Resistance and Current Control
The device circuit may benefit greatly by designing architecture to change a
circuits resistance
during operation which may be accomplished with devices and non-limiting
examples may
compose; motorized rheostat, rheostat, varistors, potentiometers, digital
potentiometers, thermistor,
photo variable resistor, photo conductive resistor, light dependant resistor,
linear resistor, non
linear resistor, carbon composition, wire-wound, thick film, surface mount,
fusible ,cermet film,
metal oxide, carbon film, metal film, resistor, trimmer resistor, resistors
and or plurality thereof in
both series and or in parallel and or subsequent or array, diode, avalanche
diode, resistance and or
impediment, digital potentiometers, or utilizing flip flops, counters, IC's,
decoders, with voltage
sensing devices such as non-limiting examples of; window comparators,
comparators, analog to
digital converter(s), digital to analog converter(s), controllers, micro
controllers, voltmeter, ammeter,
galvometer, hall effect sensor, photo sensor, optocoupler, to trigger actions
that change the; circuit
and or circuit(s) or plurality thereof, current, voltage and or potential,
resistance, load or additional
load(s), and or may also utilize buck converters or boost converters depending
on the operation to
achieve a desired operational and variable voltage. This resistance may be
used to control the
current and or voltage to ensure the desired output power at different stages
of the switching
capacitor oscillation and or during operation of a varying potential and or
current power supply or
source.
Management Systems and Processes
The management system uses a system for managing energy, accumulation,
storage, switch, and
discharge system hereinafter referred to as "management system" defined as; to
handle, direct,
govern, or control in action or in use, the device and it's functions,
processes, actions, tasks,
activities, systems, and given or directed instructions, the input and output
characteristics of
charging and discharging circuits, circuits, energy sources or electricity
supply, driving actions,
motors, magnetic fields, oscillation cycles, memory, controls, and components.
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The device may be connected and controlled by any number of management systems
and
techniques and may include system controller or microcontroller, embedded
microprocessor,
integral controller, derivative controller, system-on-a-chip, digital signal
processor, transistor
oscillation circuit, semiconductor oscillation circuit, comparator, op amp,
decade counter, silicone
controlled rectifier, triac , field programmable gate array, or paired with an
existing CPU, in a non-
limiting example of a master and slave configuration. The controller, is
controlled by a computer
code or script, embedded system, or artificial intelligence, controlling
commands of the controller,
connected to the circuit, may use a plurality and multitude of different
switching devices and current
and polarity control devices and may comprise different switching device and
or capacitor/
electrostatic storage device arrangements,
The input and output of each switching capacitor may be connected to separate
output switches or
a single switch or relay or not, and may include relay poles, which could be
any number of different
types or styles of relay's or transistors, thyristor, or layered semi-
conductive material designed for
electronically controlled switching, with all relays, controlled by a CPU, or
microcontroller,
embedded microprocessor, integral controller, derivative controller, system-on-
a-chip, digital signal
processor, transistor oscillation circuit, semiconductor oscillation circuit,
silicone controlled rectifier,
triac , field programmable gate array, or paired with an existing CPU, in a
non-limiting example of a
master and slave configuration. The CPU, may be controlled by a computer code
or script,
embedded system, or artificial intelligence, that tells the system controller,
to send a signal to
relay's or switches which may be connected to a charge booster or multiplier
circuit , which may
discharge through a load, or another storage device to create usable work.
Additionally some embodiments may utilize a management system as a component
of the device
which may control various functions some or all of which may consist of, the
operation of all
electronically operated components; the charging and discharging and
combinational
arrangements; power regulation means for regulating power; a memory section, a
search starting
means for starting a search; measurement data acquiring means for acquiring
magnetic field data
and electric power data, the magnetic field data being measured values of the
energy sources
magnetic field. The electric power data representing information associated
with electric power that
is outputted from the energy source and required for operation, and used by
the management
system. Functions may also include deriving means for deriving a relational
equation that holds
between the magnetic field data and electric power data to maintain target
values including voltage
and current output. Monitoring functions for abnormal state determining, and
may include means for
determining whether or not the energy source, a collection device, or any
energy switching, energy
CA 2994760 2018-02-12
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transforming, or managed circuits are in an abnormal state. Searching
functions and a search
procedure, selecting means for selecting, and in accordance with a result of
determination of the
abnormal state determining means, a procedure for managing abnormal energy
sources, magnetic
fields, accumulation devises, capacitors, energy switching devises,
transformers, management
.. circuits.
In some embodiments, the management system is needed to facilitate managing
the electric
current, then storing the collected charges, switching collection devices in
circuit orientation, and
then discharging collected charges, then switching accumulators and or
electrical storage devices;
at a controllable rate, that can be replicated and controlled to an extremely
high number of
.. pluralities. To maximize energy from an energy source and or accumulators
and or electrical
storage devices can be accomplished with current and voltage measuring
devises, switches,
accumulators and or electrical storage devices and or including capacitors, dc-
dc charge booster or
multiplier, transformers and or sequential and or parallel and or series
arrangements. And in some
embodiments a simplified management system may be beneficial utilizing some
and or different
.. arrangement of listed or other functions, and additionally a mechanical
system in some
embodiment may be advantageous, for instance pairing with a commutator switch,
or relays,
utilizing the driving forced for controlling switching and energy
characteristics, and in some
embodiments utilizing no management system instead using current oscillators,
comparators, op
amps, decade counter, motor, generator or natural means to control the
switching force and or
speed, this simplified system may be advantageous for a consistently regulated
and or switching
energy source.
Each circuit and module is an electrically connected system of components, and
may be managed
by the management system, which may include additional devises and systems
such as; a steady
electric current, circuit, a display, a direct current power conditioner,
current power output interface,
.. voltage booster or multiplier a thermometer, a thermometer interface,
magnetic field sensor,
magnetic field sensor interface, voltmeter, voltmeter interface, an ammeter,
an ammeter interface,
a measuring devise, a measuring devise interface, an inverter, an inverter
interface, a system
controller, a system controller interface, power control means, power system
interface, a target
value setting capable device, a target value capable setting device interface,
an input device, a
target value interface, an alternating current output interface, a
transformer(s), a variable frequency
drive, a variable frequency drive interface, a central processing unit "CPU",
a processor, estimating
means, computing means, network interface, load, search control means,
relative relational
expression equations, abnormal measurement memory, time series data memory,
measurement
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data memory, accuracy data memory, operating estimations data, target value
memory, a rated
value database.
The control section serves to control the overall control and operation of
various components of the
management system, circuits, modules, and the memory section serves to store
information. The
control section is configured to include a measurement data acquiring section
(measurement data
acquiring means), the amount of current/voltage (current/voltage acquiring
means), a computing
section (computing means), a target value setting section (target value
setting means), a search
control section (search starting means), power system section (power system
controlling means),
and in estimating section (estimating means). Further the memory section is
configured to include a
target value memory section, a memory section, and a relative relational
expression equation
section, a rated value database.
The memory section serves to store, as measurement data, measurement data
obtained from each
measuring instrument while the management system is operating. Specifically,
the measurement
data contains the following measured values measured at the; measure point of
time, operating
current value, operating voltage value, amount, magnetic field strengths, and
temperature. The
measure point in time is data representing year, month, day, hour, minute, and
second. Further the
operating current value in operating voltage value refer to values of an
electric current and voltage
is measured at a point, respectively.
Further, temperature is measured by the thermometer; magnetic fields are
measured by a magnetic
field sensor. The rated value database is provided with a memory section and a
target value
memory section. The memory section serves to store relative relational
expression equations, for
maintaining operating current values and operating voltage values. The target
value memory
section, serves to store target values of the operational estimations, and
accuracy of relative
relational expression equations, that determine power usage and magnetic field
strength relations,
to ensure optimal system performance and efficiency, that can be interpreted
for command
allocation.
The measurement data acquiring section, serves to acquire measuring values
from each
measurement instrument. Specifically, the measurement data acquiring section
acquires
measurement data of (electrical power data, temperature, magnetic field data),
which is time-series
data, containing the electric current value, the voltage value, the
temperature, the magnetic fields,
from the measuring instruments of the ammeter and voltmeter, the magnetic
sensor, thermometer,
and sends the measurement data to the search control section of the database.
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The search control section, searches for relative relational expression
equations, to interpret
historical relations to measurement values, and interpret proportional
relationships between stored
measurement values, operational characteristics, and predetermined target
value ranges, including
output characteristics, discharge relational information including
combinational arrangement output
power data, cluster and module combination data, and duty cycle optimization
equations.
The search control section, can compute measurement characteristics if
measurements have been
measured and stored even once and can compare characteristics with the target
value setting
section, which may also incorporate a learning effect, or artificial
intelligence, interpretations can be
interpreted by the central processing unit CPU, which can send instructions to
the system
controller, which can then send command signals to active switching and
control systems, and
components, to control predetermined, or instructed operational target values
and functions.
The measurement data acquiring section, also serves to determine faults, by
acquiring and
comparing measured values from the measurement data memory storage section,
and by
interpreting abnormal operating system measurements. Abnormal measurements,
are stored in the
memory storage section, and additionally may be sent to the display, to
indicate to users of the
management system, abnormal measurements, or sent to the control section and
the target value
memory section, to perform tasks such as bypassing abnormally operating
circuits, modules,
systems, or component's, or by compartmentalizing systems containing faults
and maintaining
predetermined target operating conditions, output power characteristics and
functions.
It should be noted that measurements may be computed by performing
measurements by
measuring each instrument once, or more than once, at a time of introduction
of the management
system, or may be computed as a search performed manually by the user's
operating the
management system, or maybe performed automatically, e.g., regularly. In
particular
measurements may be performed at predetermined intervals, or from time to
time. The exacting
control of the electromagnetic, electrostatic and electrochemical fields under
the devices
management is a main primary concern of the disclosed invention, switching
consumption is of
concern in order to not reach an inefficient level, though a certain trade-off
of output energy and
energy consumption occurs.
Storage devices
This system and method takes advantage of the natural electrical tendencies
and physical
interactions of capacitors and this type of electrical component, there for a
broad range of possible
alternatives may be used to accomplish this system and methods novelty and
usefulness, non-
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limiting examples include accumulators, electrostatic accumulators and or
storage devices,
batteries and or electrochemical storage devices, including hybrids, magnetic
field storage devices
such as inductors, coils, or electrical storage devices may be substituted or
used in conjunction with
the disclosed invention and are hereby claimed in this disclosure.
The circuit may use a plurality and multitude of different storage devices for
storing a charge and or
for switching the stored charge as described in this system and method, and
accumulators and may
comprise different storage device arrangements, the circuit operating best
with non-polarized
condensers for safety and reducing resistance though operation can still be
accomplished with
polarized storage devices, and may include accumulator balancing or IC's, non-
limiting examples of
possible embodiments include; single large capacity storage device, multilayer
or multi cell
configuration, multi storage devices, magnetic field storage device,
condensers, and or capacitors
non limiting examples include ceramic, paraelectric, ferroelectric, mixed
oxides, class 1, class 2,
multilayer, decoupling, suppression, high voltage power, power film and or
foil, nano-structured
crystalline thin film, composite ink/ paste, crosslinked gel electrolytes,
electrolytes, metalized,
plastic, polypropylene, polyester, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene
naphthalate,
polytetrafluoroethylene, RFI, EMI, snubber, motor run, AC capacitors,
electrolytic, Aluminum,
tantalum, niobium, non-solid, solid manganese oxide, solid conductive polymer,
bipolar, axial, SMD,
chip, radial, hybrid capacitors, Supercapacitors, double layer,
pseudocapacitors, hybrid capacitors,
electrochemical capacitors, ultracapacitors, electric double layer capacitors,
APowerCAP, BestCap,
BoostCap, Cap-)(X, DLCAP, EneCapTen, EVerCAP, DynaCap, Faradcap, GreenCap,
Goldcap,
HY-CAP, Kapton capacitor, Super Capacitor, SuperCap, PAS Capacitor, PowerStor,
PsuedoCap,
Ultracapacitor, Double layer lithium-ion, class X, class Y,carbon capacitors,
graphene capacitors,
graphite capacitors, integrated capacitors, nano-scale capacitors, glass
capacitors, vacuum
capacitors, SF6 gas filled capacitors, printed circuit board capacitor,
conductive wire capacitor,
mica capacitors, air gap capacitors, variable capacitors, tunning capacitors,
trimmer capacitor,
super dielectric material capacitor.
Current Source and Power Supply
Steady electric current could come from a number of possible sources including
rectified AC current
supply, or an AC supply controlled by semiconductors that route pulses of a
given frequency for
utilization. An alternating current that preforms the actions of the switches
by controlling the charge
and discharging of the storage device by controlling alternation frequency or
by sizing a
capacitance to the size benefitting from the frequency of alternating current,
DC current supply,
generators, main utility grid, rectified AC current, solar power, wind power,
combustion, geothermal
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as well as the properties in batteries and chemical storage devices exert a
stable steady electric
current and could be considered for the purposes of the disclosed invention as
a steady electric
current, and could be a possible source of a steady electric current, and some
non-limiting
examples may include and may also include electrochemical storage such as,
batteries, inductors,
electro chemical cell, half-cell, voltaic cell, galvanic cell, super
capacitor, super conducting
magnetic energy storage unit, flow battery, rechargeable battery, ultra-
battery, battery cells, lead
acid, nickel-cadium, nickel metal hydride, lithium ion, lithium ion polymer,
nickel iron, nickel zinc,
copper zinc, nickel hydrogen, Zinc air, silver zinc, sodium sulphur, lithium
metal, lithium air, lithium
sulfur, silicon carbon nanocomposite Anodes for li-ion, wet cell, dry cell,
gold nanowire, magnesium
batteries, solid state li-ion, fuel cell, graphene, micro supercapacitors,
sodium ion, foam structure,
solid state, Nano yolk, aluminium graphite, aluminium air, gold film, sodium
ion, carbon ion,
crystalline tungsten, which could also include an electrochemical combination
of different atomic
state metals or oxides or of any combination of chemically active charge
storing metals, oxides,
minerals or their derivatives.
Output Characteristics
Output characteristic may be controlled by or utilize one or more combinations
of the following non-
limiting examples, DC-DC power converter, DC-AC power converter, power
converter, converter,
step-down converter, step-up converter, switched-mode power supply, a voltage
booster, boost
converter, or multiplier, or buck converter, boost- buck converter, may be
utilized, or direct feed into
a load, or utility transmission system, the current may be fed into an
inverter, charge booster or
multiplier booster, jewel thief, dc-dc booster, synchronous rectification,
capacitor and or inductor
and or combination of the two, switching converter, linear regulator,
multiphase buck, multiphase
boost, synchronous buck, capacitor network, flyback converter, magnetic DC
converter, Dickson
multiplier, capacitive voltage converter, electromechanical conversion/
converter, electrochemical
conversion and or converter, redox flow batteries, vanadium redox battery,
switch regulator,
regulator, spark gap, transducer, or used to create bio fuels including
methane, helium, or used to
control a heat exchange system for instance to control the expansion and
contraction of gases to
produce water.
Output current characteristics may be controlled a number of different ways
and non-limiting
examples of possible embodiments include; direct current continuous output,
direct current
intermittent output, pulse width modulation, the accumulator could be reversed
in the circuit causing
a voltage increase in the circuit and recycling the charges in the accumulator
causing an alternating
current in the circuit, current may be routed through an inverter, or into
additional transformer(s)
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which can be used to create a pulsed alternating current or alternating
current output, or be
arranged with additional modules with positive and negative lead connections
arranged in opposite
to provide an alternating current, by controlling the discharge alternation
between the module into
the transformer, which may in some embodiment not require the transformer.
Current may be
discharge instantaneously or through a controlled discharge, into a load and
or a voltage regulator
load combination for use, and may additionally be controlled through
transistors or switches and
then into resistances and or resistors of differing values to ensure the
current traveling into a circuit
remains consistent even though the voltage potential of the circuit has
increased.
Output can be additionally routed and further controlled by an electronic
management system to
measure output current and voltage, and then control and regulate the delivery
of this current to a
load or storage device.
The CPU and system controller may be used to dictate the frequency of the
charge and discharge
cycle, and the combinations and arrangements of additional switches or
capacitors, to gain the
desired voltage level and total stored charge. Arrangements may include
instantaneous discharge,
predetermined storage levels before discharge, voltage measurement based
storage discharge,
continuous sampling and adjustment of current output, oscillation based
discharge, operating range
or band discharge, and additionally can be arranged to meet virtually any
desired and defined
frequency, voltage and current with available circuits, and may be multiple
different values or
tolerance level arrangements, arranged in different configurations or
different outputs that can then
be used to do desired work or for storage.
Load
The load is a target of the power supply; it is illustratively an electric
device that is to be put into
action by supplying electric power. It should be noted that the management
system may be
configured to be connected to a commercial power system so as to be able to
collaborate with it, or
may be configured to independently to operate without collaborating with a
commercial power
system.
The present invention is not limited to the description of the embodiments
provided but may be
altered by skilled person within the scope of the claims. An embodiment based
on the proper
combination of technical means disclose in different embodiments is
encompassed in the technical
scope of the present invention.
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The blocks or, in particular, the control section of each of the oscillation
circuits and or the
management system may be achieved through hardware logic or through software
by using a CPU
as described. That is each management system and circuit, includes a CPU
central processing
unit, which executes instructions from a program for achieving the
corresponding function; a ROM
read-only memory, in which the program is stored; a ram random access memory,
to which a
program is loaded; a memory device recording medium such as memory, which the
program
various types of data are stored; and the like.
Moreover, the object of the present invention can be attained by mounting, to
each of the circuits or
modules or device, a recording medium computer readably containing a program
code to execute
form program, intermediate code program, source program of software for
achieving the before
mentioned function, in order for the computer CPU or MPU memory processing
unit to retrieve and
execute the program code recorded in the recording medium, through a non-
limiting example of a
system controller. Examples of the recording medium encompass: tapes, such as
magnetic tapes
and cassette tapes; discs include magnetic disk, such as floppy disks, and
hard disks, and optional
desks, such as a CD-ROM's, MO's, MDs, BBs, DVDs, and CD ¨Rs; cards, such as
icy cards
including memory cards and optical cards; and semiconductor memories, such as
masks ROM's,
EEPROM's, EEPROM's, and flash ROM's.
Further each of the management systems can be made connectable to a
communications network
so the program code can be supplied via the communications network. Examples
of the
communications network can include, but are not limited particularly to, the
Internet, and intranet,
and extranet, a LAN, ISDN, a VAN, a CATV communication network is not
particularly limited. For
example it is possible to use, as a transmission medium, a cable such as a
IEEE1394, a USB, a
power line, a cable TV line, a telephone line, an ADSL line, etc.
alternatively, it is possible to use,
as a transmission medium, a wireless system such as infrared rays as inIrDA
and a remote
controller, Bluetooth, 802.11 wireless, HDR, cellular phone network, satellite
line, a terrestrial digital
network, etc. it should be noted that the present invention can be achieved in
the form of a
computer data signal realized by electronic transmission of the program code
and embedded in a
carrier wave.
Further, the present invention can be expressed as follows: a circuit
according to the present
invention is for improving efficiency and increasing utilization of energy and
power available to a
load or circuit, a managing system for managing the operational voltages and
current from the
devise utilizing a novel electronic circuit, the managing system being
configured to include: A
control means to control the overall control and operation of various
components of the system, a
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circuit, a steady electrical current or energy source, switching means for
switching potentials and
or accumulators and or electrical storage devices such as capacitors, a memory
storage means to
store information in memory, amount of magnetic field /temperature/ acquiring
means for acquiring
an amount of a magnetic field and/or temperature; current/voltage acquiring
means for acquiring an
electric current value and/or voltage value, a computing section computing
means to compute
information and instructions, a target value setting means to set target
values, search starting
means to control searching, power system controlling means to control power
system functions,
estimating means to preform estimations, searching means for searching memory
deriving means
for deriving relational expression equations. Further the memory section is
configured to include a
target value memory section, a memory section, and a relative relational
expression equation
section, a rated value database.
Further, the method according to the present invention for managing the
operational voltages and
current from a circuit is a control method for the management, and for
controlling the operational
voltages and current from a circuit and accumulators and or electrical storage
devices from a
steady electric current, utilizing an electronic circuit to control the
operation of accumulators and or
electrical storage devices and or capacitors their output and characteristics,
their orientations in the
circuit and combinational arrangement , the method including, a target value
setting input step, a
discharge frequency setting step, making a connection to a circuit and
accumulators and or
electrical storage devise step, a making a connection to a charge controlling
and or transforming
devise step, a migrating charges from a steady electric current or energy
source step, a storing and
or transforming charges step, a step of switching the switching capacitor
step, a step of
reconnecting electrical storage device to the steady electric current in a
different orientation, a step
of connecting to a load, a step of acquiring an electric current value and/or
voltage value, an
amount of magnetic field/ temperature/ acquiring step, a step of recording
acquired information in
the rated value database memory in appropriate sections, a step of computing
and interpreting
information based of recorded memory data, a step of forming instructions to
send to system
controller based on recorded memory data, set target values, and their
relational effects to stored
and discharged charges, a step of communicating information to the system
controller for task
execution based on the interpreted and set target values, a step of outputting
power through a load
.. or electrical busses based on set target values, relational estimations,
and inputted commands, or
direct feed and or inverted feed and or a variable resistance feed into a
load, electrical system or
other, a step of repeating the described operation.
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The foregoing was intended as a broad summary only and only of some of the
aspects of the
invention. It was not intended to define the limits or requirements of the
invention. Other aspects of
the invention will be appreciated to one skilled in the art by reference to
the detailed description of
the preferred embodiment and to the claims. It is intended that all such
additional systems,
.. methods, aspects, and advantages be included with this description, and
within the scope of the
present disclosure, and be protected by the accompanying claims.
The terms used in this disclosure are not for limiting the inventive concept
but for explaining the
embodiments. The terms of a singular form may include plural forms unless
otherwise specified.
Also, the meaning of "include," "comprise," "including," or "comprising,"
specifies a property, a
region, a fixed number, a step, a process, an element and/or a component but
does not exclude
other properties, regions, fixed numbers, steps, processes, elements and/or
components. The
reference numerals presented according to a sequence of explanations are not
limited to the
sequence.
In addition, some embodiments of the present disclosure may include patents or
public disclosures
already issued relating to this art, when used in conjunction with this system
or method these prior
schemes may be able to utilize substantial amounts of usable power and greatly
improve efficiency.
By using the described system and method many of these previously failed
schemes and
inventions may be able to manage power in a more efficient commercially viable
way, and when
referring to these said inventions or schemes when combined with this
disclosed system or method
these devices should be considered new devices or improvements thereof and
confer the
protection of this disclosure, or patent, this does not limit the scope of the
present disclosure
instead giving reference to where some embodiments of this discovery may fit
into the art.
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