Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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POLYACRYLATE OIL GEL COMPOSITION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to polyacrylate oil gels that are useful in
personal care
formulations. The polyacrylate oil gels contain hydrophobic oil ester and
acrylic copolymers.
BACKGROUND
Personal care compositions contain a variety of additives that provide a wide
array of
benefits to the composition. One class of additives are oil thickeners that
provide viscosity
enhancements and impart good aesthetics, such as good sensory feel and
clarity. One type of oil
thickening agent known in the art are cellulose-based polymers and polyamides.
These
thickeners, however, come with certain drawbacks, including insufficient
viscosity enhancement,
high formulation temperature, and lack of consistency in viscosity control in
consumer product
formulations.
To this end, polyacrylate oil gels have been utilized in the art. For example,
WO
2014/204937 Al discloses personal care compositions comprising a polyacrylate
oil gel
containing a cosmetically acceptable hydrophobic ester oil and a polymer
including at least two
polymerized units. The prior art does not, however, disclose a polyacrylate
oil gel according to
the present invention which achieves the significant viscosity performance at
low formulation
temperatures while also providing a clear formulation.
Accordingly, there is a need to develop thickeners that provide significant
viscosity
enhancements, while not suffering from the drawbacks of the prior art.
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STATEMENT OF INVENTION
One aspect of the invention provides a polyacrylate oil gel composition
comprising (a)
hydrophobic ester oil, and (b) one or more polymers comprising polymerized
units derived from
(i) 96 to 99.9 weight % of C4-C8 (meth)acrylate monomers, (ii) 0.1 to 2 weight
% of
(meth)acrylic acid monomer, and (iii) 0 to 2 weight % of crosslinkers.
In another aspect, the invention provides a personal care composition
comprising a
polyacrylate oil gel comprising (a) one or more aliphatic C8-C24 alkyl
triglycerides, (b) one or
more polymers comprising polymerized units derived from (i) 40 to 50 weight %
of butyl
methacrylate, (ii) 40 to 50 weight % of ethylhexyl methacrylate, (iii) 0.1 to
2 weight % of
(meth)acrylic acid monomer, and (iv) 0 to 2 weight % of a crosslinker selected
from the group
consisting of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, ethylene glycol
dimethacrylate, and
combinations thereof; and (c) a dermatologically acceptable carrier, wherein
the polymers have
an average particle size of from 105 to 140 nm.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The inventors have now surprisingly found that polyacrylate oil gel
compositions
comprising hydrophobic ester oil and polymers having a high weight percent of
polymerized
units derived from C4-C8 (meth)acrylate and a small weight percent of
methacrylic acid provide
significant viscosity enhancements while retaining clarity in personal care
formulations.
Accordingly, the present invention provides in one aspect a polyacrylate oil
gel composition
comprising (a) hydrophobic oil ester, and (b) one or more polymers comprising
polymerized
units derived from (i) 96 to 99.9 weight % of C4-C8 (meth)acrylate monomers,
(ii) 0.1 to 2
weight % of methacrylic acid monomer, and (iii) 0 to 2 weight % of
crosslinkers.
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In the present invention, "personal care" is intended to refer to cosmetic and
skin care
compositions for application to the skin, including, for example, body washes
and cleansers, as
well as leave on application to the skin, such as lotions, creams, gels, gel
creams, serums, toners,
wipes, liquid foundations, make-ups, tinted moisturizer, oils, face/body
sprays, and topical
medicines. In the present invention, "personal care" is also intended to refer
to hair care
compositions including, for example, shampoos, leave-on conditioners, rinse-
off conditioners,
styling gels, pomades, hair coloring products (e.g., two-part hair dyes),
hairsprays, and mousses.
Preferably, the personal care composition is cosmetically acceptable.
"Cosmetically acceptable"
refers to ingredients typically used in personal care compositions, and is
intended to underscore
that materials that are toxic when present in the amounts typically found in
personal care
compositions are not contemplated as part of the present disclosure. The
compositions of the
invention may be manufactured by processes well known in the art, for example,
by means of
conventional mixing, dissolving, granulating, emulsifying, encapsulating,
entrapping or
lyophilizing processes.
As used herein, the term "polymer" refers to a polymeric compound prepared by
polymerizing monomers, whether of the same or a different type. The generic
term "polymer"
includes the terms "homopolymer," "copolymer," and "terpolymer." As used
herein, the term
"polymerized units derived from" refers to polymer molecules that are
synthesized according to
polymerization techniques wherein a product polymer contains "polymerized
units derived from"
the constituent monomers which are the starting materials for the
polymerization reactions. As
used herein, the term "(meth)acrylate" refers to either acrylate or
methacrylate, and the term
"(meth)acrylic" refers to either acrylic or methacrylic. As used herein, the
term "substituted"
refers to having at least one attached chemical group, for example, alkyl
group, alkenyl group,
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vinyl group, hydroxyl group, carboxylic acid group, other functional groups,
and combinations
thereof.
The inventive personal care compositions include one or more polymers
comprising C4-
C8 (meth)acrylate monomers. Suitable C4-C8 (meth)acrylate monomers include,
for example, n-
butyl (meth)acrylate, i-butyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate,
cyclohexyl
(meth)acrylate, n-octyl (meth)acrylate, phenyl (meth)acrylate, benzyl
(meth)acrylate, and 2-
phenylethyl (meth)acrylate. Preferably, the C4-C8 (meth)acrylate monomers
comprise one or
more of i-butyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, and ethylhexyl
methacrylate. In certain
embodiments, the polymer comprises polymerized units of C4-C8 (meth)acrylate
monomers in an
amount of from 96 to 99.9 weight %, and preferably from 98 to 99.9 weight %,
based on the total
weight of the polymer. In certain embodiments, the polymer comprises
polymerized units
derived from 40 to 90 weight % butyl (meth)acrylate monomers, and 10 to 60
weight %
ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate monomers, based on the total weight of the polymer.
The polymers of the inventive personal care compositions also comprise
(meth)acrylic
acid monomer. In certain embodiments, the (meth)acrylic acid monomer is
present in an amount
of from 0.1 to 2 weight %, preferably from 0.3 to 1.5 weight %, and more
preferably from 0.5 to
1 weight %, based on the total weight of the polymer.
The polymers can also include crosslinkers, such as a monomer having two or
more non-
conjugated ethylenically unsaturated groups, i.e., a multiethylenically
unsaturated monomer.
Suitable multiethylenically unsaturated monomers include, for example, di- or
tri-allyl ethers
and di- or tri-(meth)acryly1 esters of diols or polyols (e.g.,
trimethylolpropane diallyl ether,
trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), di- or tri-
allyl esters of di- or tri-
acids, (e.g. diallyl phthalate), allyl (meth)acrylate, divinyl sulfone,
triallyl phosphate, and
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divinylaromatics (e.g., divinylbenzene). In certain embodiments, the
crosslinkers comprise one
or more of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate and ethylene glycol
dimethacrylate. In certain
embodiments, the inventive polymers comprise polymerized units of crosslinker
monomers in an
amount of 2 weight % or less, preferably from 0.3 to 2 weight %, and more
preferably from 0.3
to 1.5 weight %, based on the total weight of the polymer.
In certain embodiments, the polymers have an average particle size of from 50
to 500 nm,
preferably of from 75 to 250 nm, and more preferably of from 105 to 140 nm.
Polymer
molecular weights can be measured by standard methods such as, for example,
size exclusion
chromatography or intrinsic viscosity. In certain embodiments, the polymers of
the present
invention have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 10,000,000 or less,
preferably
8,500,000 or less, and more preferably 7,000,000 or less as measured by gel
permeation
chromatography. In certain embodiments, the copolymer particles have a M, of
50,000 or more,
preferably 100,000 or more, and more preferably 200,000 or more, as measured
by gel
permeation chromatography. In certain embodiments, the polymers are present in
the
polyacrylate oil gel in an amount of from 0.1 to 20 weight %, preferably from
1 to 13 weight %,
and more preferably from 4 to 6 weight %, based on the total weight of the
polyacrylate oil gel
composition.
Suitable polymerization techniques for preparing the polymers contained in the
inventive
personal care compositions include, for example, emulsion polymerization and
solution
polymerization, preferably emulsion polymerization, as disclosed in U.S.
Patent No. 6,710,161.
Aqueous emulsion polymerization processes typically are conducted in an
aqueous reaction
mixture, which contains at least one monomer and various synthesis adjuvants,
such as the free
radical sources, buffers, and reductants in an aqueous reaction medium. In
certain embodiments,
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a chain transfer agent may be used to limit molecular weight. The aqueous
reaction medium is
the continuous fluid phase of the aqueous reaction mixture and contains more
than 50 weight %
water and optionally one or more water miscible solvents, based on the weight
of the aqueous
reaction medium. Suitable water miscible solvents include, for example,
methanol, ethanol,
propanol, acetone, ethylene glycol ethyl ethers, propylene glycol propyl
ethers, and diacetone
alcohol. In certain embodiments, the aqueous reaction medium contains more
than 90 weight %
water, preferably more than 95 weight % water, and more preferably more than
98 weight %
water, based on the weight of the aqueous reaction medium.
The polymers of the present invention may be isolated by a spray drying
process. While
spray drying is one preferred embodiment of how to produce the dry powder,
other suitable
methods include, for example, freeze drying, a two-step process including the
steps of (i) pan
drying the emulsion and then (ii) grinding the pan dried material into a fine
powder, coagulation
of the acrylic emulsion and collection of the powder by filtration followed by
washing and
drying, fluid bed drying, roll drying, and freeze drying. Suitable techniques
for spray drying the
polymer beads of the present invention are known in the art, for example, as
described in US
2014/0113992 Al. In certain embodiments, anti-caking agents are used when
spray drying the
polymer beads. Suitable anti-caking agents include, for example, mineral
fillers (e.g., calcium
carbonate, kaolin, titanium oxide, talc, hydrated alumina, bentonite, and
silica), solid polymer
particles with a Tg or Tn, greater than 60 C (e.g., polymethylmethacrylate,
polystyrene, and high
density polyethylene), and water soluble polymers with a Tg greater than 60 C
(e.g., polyvinyl
alcohol and methylcellulose). The anti-caking agent can be mixed in the
acrylic suspension prior
to spray drying or introduced as a dry powder in the spray drying process. In
certain
embodiments, the anti-caking agent coats the polymer beads to prevent the
beads from sticking
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to each other inner wall of the dryer. In certain embodiments, the anti-caking
agent is present in
an amount of from 0 to 20 weight %, and more preferably from 0.01 to 10 weight
%, based on
the total weight of the polymer beads.
The polyacrylate oil gel compositions of the present invention also contain a
cosmetically
.. acceptable hydrophobic ester oil. In general, any hydrophobic ester oil or
mixtures thereof
which are toxicologically safe for human or animal use may constitute the oil
base of the present
invention. In certain embodiments, the hydrophobic ester oil comprises
aliphatic C8-C24 alkyl
triglycerides. Suitable hydrophobic ester oils include, for example,
caprylic/capric triglycerides,
saturated fatty esters and diesters (e.g., isopropyl palmitate, octyl
palmitate, butyl stearate,
isocetyl stearate, octadodecyl stearate, octadodecyl stearoyl stearate,
diisopropyl adipate, and
dioctyl sebacate), and animal oils and vegetable oils (e.g., mink oil, coconut
oil, soybean oil,
palm oil, corn oil, cocoa butter, sesame oil, sunflower seed oil, jojoba oil,
olive oil, and lanolin
oil). In certain embodiments, the hydrophobic ester oil is diffused in an oil
base. Suitable oil
bases include any oil or mixture of oils which are conventionally used in
personal care products
.. including, for example, paraffin oils, paraffin waxes, and fatty alcohols
(e.g., stearyl alcohol,
isostearyl alcohol, and isocetyl alcohol). In certain preferred embodiments,
the hydrophobic
ester oil comprises one or more of caprylic/capric triglycerides and sunflower
seed oil. In certain
embodiments, the hydrophobic ester oils are present in the polyacrylate oil
gel in an amount of
from 80 to 99.9 weight %, preferably from 87 to 99 weight %, and more
preferably from 94 to 96
weight %, based on the total weight of the polyacrylate oil gel composition.
Polyacrylate oil gels according to the present invention may be formulated by
conventional mixing processes known to those skilled in the art. In certain
embodiments, the
formulation temperature is from 25 C to 150 C, preferably from 50 C to 100 C,
and more
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preferably from 60 C to 80 C. In certain embodiments, the inventive personal
care composition
includes the polyacrylate oil gel described herein in an amount of at least
0.5 weight %, at least 2
weight %, or at least 4 weight %, by weight of the composition. In certain
embodiments, the
inventive skin care compositions comprise the particles described herein in an
amount of no
more than 25 weight %, no more than 30 weight %, or no more than 40 weight %,
by weight of
the composition.
The inventive personal care compositions also include a dermatologically
acceptable
carrier. Such material is typically characterized as a carrier or a diluent
that does not cause
significant irritation to the skin and does not negate the activity and
properties of active agent(s)
in the composition. Examples of dermatologically acceptable carriers that are
useful in the
invention include, without limitation, water, such as deionized or distilled
water, emulsions, such
as oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions, alcohols, such as ethanol,
isopropanol or the like,
glycols, such as propylene glycol, glycerin or the like, creams, aqueous
solutions, oils, ointments,
pastes, gels, lotions, milks, foams, suspensions, powders, or mixtures
thereof. The aqueous
solutions may contain cosolvents, e.g., water miscible cosolvents. Suitable
water miscible
cosolvents include, for example, ethanol, propanol, acetone, ethylene glycol
ethyl ethers,
propylene glycol propyl ethers, and diacetone alcohol. In some embodiments,
the composition
contains from about 99.99 to about 50 percent by weight of the
dermatologically acceptable
carrier, based on the total weight of the composition.
Other additives may be included in the compositions of the invention such as,
but not
limited to, abrasives, absorbents, aesthetic components such as fragrances,
pigments,
colorings/colorants, essential oils, skin sensates, astringents (e.g., clove
oil, menthol, camphor,
eucalyptus oil, eugenol, menthyl lactate, witch hazel distillate),
preservatives, anti-caking agents,
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a foam building agent, antifoaming agents, antimicrobial agents (e.g.,
iodopropyl
butylcarbamate), antioxidants, binders, biological additives, buffering
agents, bulking agents,
chelating agents, chemical additives, cosmetic astringents, cosmetic biocides,
denaturants, drug
astringents, external analgesics, film formers or materials, e.g., polymers,
for aiding the film-
forming properties and substantivity of the composition (e.g., copolymer of
eicosene and vinyl
pyrrolidone), opacifying agents, pH adjusters, propellants, reducing agents,
sequestrants, skin
bleaching and lightening agents (e.g., hydroquinone, kojic acid, ascorbic
acid, magnesium
ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl glucosamine), skin-conditioning agents (e.g.,
humectants, including
miscellaneous and occlusive), skin soothing and/or healing agents (e.g.,
panthenol and
derivatives (e.g., ethyl panthenol), aloe vera, pantothenic acid and its
derivatives, allantoin,
bisabolol, and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate), skin treating agents, vitamins
(e.g., Vitamin C) and
derivatives thereof, silicones, and fatty alcohols. The amount of option
ingredients effective for
achieving the desired property provided by such ingredients can be readily
determined by one
skilled in the art.
Some embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail in the
following
Examples.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Preparation of Exemplary Polymer and Comparative Polymers
Exemplary polymers in accordance with the present invention and comparative
polymers
contain the components recited in Table 1.
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Table 1. Exemplary and Comparative Polymers Particles
Sample Monomer (wt %)
NP1 49.75 iBMA/49.75 EHMA/0.5 MAA
NP2 49.5 iBMA / 49.5 EHMA / 1.0 MAA
NP3 49.25 iBMA / 49.25 EHMA / 1.5 MAA
NCI* 48.5 iBMA / 48.5EHMA /3 MAA
NC2* 47.5 iBMA / 47.5 EHMA /5 MAA
XP1 49.5 iBMA / 49.5 EHMA / 1.0 MAA // 0.3 TMPTMA
XP2 49.5 iBMA / 49.5 EHMA / 1.0 MAA // 0.3 EGDMA
XP3 49.5 iBMA / 49.5 EHMA / 1.0 MAA // 0.46 TMPTMA
XP4 49.5 iBMA / 49.5 EHMA / 1.0 MAA // 0.6 TMPTMA
XP5 49.5 iBMA / 49.5 EHMA / 1.0 MAA // 0.6 EGDMA
XP6 49.5 iBMA / 49.5 EHMA / 1.0 MAA // 0.9 TMPTMA
XP7 49.5 iBMA / 49.5 EHMA / 1.0 MAA // 0.9 EGDMA
XP8 49.5 iBMA / 49.5 EHMA / 1.0 MAA // 1.2 TMPTMA
XP9 49.5 iBMA / 49.5 EHMA / 1.0 MAA // 1.2 EGDMA
XP10 49.5 iBMA / 49.5 EHMA / 1.0 MAA // 1.5 EGDMA
XP11 79.5 iBMA / 18.5 EHMA / 1.0 MAA // 0.45 TMPTMA
XP12 99 iBMA / 1.0 MAA // 0.45 TMPTMA
XCl* 49.5 iBMA / 49.5 EHMA / 1.0 MAA // 3 TMPTMA
XC2* 49.5 iBMA / 49.5 EHMA / 1.0 MAA // 3 EGDMA
iBMA = isobutyl methacrylate
EHMA = ethylhexyl methacrylate
MAA = methacrylic acid
TMPTMA = trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate
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EGDMA = ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
*Comparative
Synthesis of exemplary polymer XP8 was carried out as follows. A three liter
round
bottom flask was equipped with a mechanical overhead stirrer, heating mantle,
thermocouple,
condenser and inlets for the addition of monomer, initiator and nitrogen. The
kettle was charged
with 470 grams deionized water and 7.46 grams of DS-4 (Polystep A-16-22:
sodium
dodecylbenzene sulfonate from Stepan). The kettle contents were set to stir
with a nitrogen flow
and heated to 87-89 C. To a plastic lined vessel, 7 grams of DS-4 and 181.65
grams deionized
water was added and mixed with overhead stirring. 277.2 grams of Isobutyl
Methacrylate, 277.2
grams of 2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate, 5.6 grams of Methacrylic Acid and 6.72
grams of
Trimethylolpropane Trimethacrylate was charged to the vessel and allowed to
form a smooth,
stable monomer emulsion. An initial catalyst charge of 0.28 grams of ammonium
persulfate and
12.71 grams of deionized water was prepared and set aside. A kettle buffer
solution of 1.92
grams of ammonium bicarbonate and 12.71 grams of deionized water was prepared
and set aside.
A preform seed of 22.38 grams was removed from the stable monomer emulsion and
put into a
small beaker. A rinse of 16.8 grams of deionized water was prepared. A co-feed
catalyst charge
of 0.28 grams of ammonium persulfate and 49.22 grams of deionized water was
prepared and set
aside.
When the kettle was at temperature, the kettle buffer solution and initial
catalyst solution
were added to the reactor, followed by the perform seed and rinse. The
reaction was monitored
for a small exotherm. After the exotherm, the temperature control was adjusted
to 83-85 C. The
monomer emulsion feed was added to the kettle, sub-surface, at a rate of 4.38
grams/minute for
15 minutes. After 15 minutes, the rate was increased to 8.77 grams/minutes for
75 minutes,
giving a total feed time of 90 minutes. While the monomer emulsion feed was
added to the
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kettle, the co-feed catalyst solution was also added over 90 minutes at a rate
of 0.55
grams/minute. At the completion of the feeds, 16.8 grams of deionized water
was added as a
rinse. The reaction was then held for 20 minutes at 83-85 C.
During the hold, a chase promoter of 3.77 grams of a 0.15% iron sulfate
heptahydrate
solution was prepared. A chase activator solution of 1.12 grams of isoascorbic
acid dissolved in
36.40 grams of deionized water was prepared. A chase catalyst solution of 2.14
grams of 70%
tert-butyl hydroperoxide in 35.40 grams of deionized water was prepared.
At 80 C, the chase promoter solution was added as a shot to the kettle. The
kettle
contents were then cooled to 70 C, while adding the chase activator and chase
catalyst solutions
separately by syringe over 60 minutes at a feed rate of 0.7 grams/minute. The
reaction was held
for 10 minutes, and then cooled to room temperature. At room temperature, the
emulsion was
filtered through a 100 mesh bag.
Exemplary polymers NP1-NP3, XP1-XP7, and XP9-CP12, and comparative polymers
NC1, NC2, XCl, and CX2 were prepared substantially as described above, with
the appropriate
changes in monomer and monomer amounts as recited in Table 1.
Example 2
Particle Size Characterization of Exemplary Polymers
Exemplary and comparative polymers as prepared in Example 1 were evaluated for
particle size as shown in Table 2.
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Table 2. Particle Size Characterization
Sample Particle Size (nm)
NP1 126
NP2 123
NP3 122
XP3 120
XP4 122
The particle size distributions of exemplary polymers was determined by light
diffraction using a
Malvern Mastersizer 2000 Analyzer equipped with a 2000uP module. Approximately
0.5 g of
polymer emulsion samples were pre-diluted into 5 mL of 0.2 weight % active
Triton 405 in
degassed, DI water (diluents). The pre-diluted sample was added drop-wise to
the diluent filled
2000uP module while the module was pumped at 1100 rpm. Red light obscurations
were
targeted to be between 4 and 8%. Samples were analyzed using a Mie scattering
module
(particle real refractive index of 1.48 and absorption of zerp: Diluent real
refractive index of
1.330 with absorption of zero). A general purpose (spherical) analysis model
with "normal
sensitivity" was used to analyze the diffraction patterns and convert them
into particle size
distributions.
Example 3
Spray Drying of Exemplary and Comparative Polymers
Exemplary and comparative polymers as prepared in Example 1 were spray dried
according to the following procedure. A two-fluid nozzle atomizer was equipped
on a Mobile
Minor spray dryer (GEA Process Engineering Inc.). The spray drying experiments
were
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performed under an inert atmosphere of nitrogen. The nitrogen supplied to the
atomizer at
ambient temperature was set at 1 bar and 50% flow, which is equivalent to 6.0
kg/hour of flow
rate. The polymer emulsion was fed into the atomizer at about 30 mL/min using
a peristaltic
pump (Masterflex L/S). Heated nitrogen was used to evaporate the water. The
inlet temperature
was set at 140 C, and the outlet temperature was equilibrated at 40-50 C by
fine tuning the
emulsion feed rate. The resulting polymer powder was collected in a glass jar
attached to the
cyclone and subsequently vacuum dried at room temperature to removed residual
moisture.
Example 4
Viscosity of Polyacrylate Oil Gel Prepared from Spray Dried Exemplary and
Comparative
Polymers
The viscosities of exemplary polyacrylate oil gels formed from exemplary and
comparative polymers as prepared in Example 1 and spray dried according to the
procedure in
Example 3 are shown in Table 3.
Table 3. Viscosities of Polyacrylate Oil Gel from Spray Dried Acrylic Polymer
Sample Oil + Polymer Viscosity (cP)
Clarity
Concentration
in Oil (wt %)
NP1 SSO 6 3,000* clear
NP2 SSO 6 8,000* clear
NP3 SSO 6 167,000* clear
NC1 SSO 6 Unstable oil gel hazy
NC2 SSO 6 Unstable oil gel hazy
XP1 SSO 4 1,700* clear
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XP2 SSO 4 8,000* clear
XP3 SSO 4 6,500* clear
XP4 SSO 4 3,900* clear
SSO 6 13,000* clear
XP5 SSO 4 10,000* clear
SSO 6 10,000* clear
XP6 SSO 4 15,700* slightly
translucent
XP7 SSO 4 10,000* slightly
translucent
SSO 6 30,000* slightly
translucent
XP8 SSO 4 8,600*
translucent
XP9 SSO 4 9,800*
translucent
XP10 SSO 4 8,600*
translucent
XP11 CCT 6 600**
translucent
XP12 CCT 6 300**
translucent
XCl SSO 4 Unstable oil gel hazy
XC2 SSO 4 Unstable oil gel hazy
CCT = Caprylic/capric triglyceride is available from Rita Corporation; SSO =
Sunflower seed
oil available from Spectrum.
*Measured with Brookfield viscometer, Spindle S96 at 6 rpm
**Measured with Brookfield viscometer, Spindle S93 at 30 rpm
Exemplary polyacrylate oil gels as evaluated in Table 4 above were formulated
by
heating the cosmetic oil and polymer to 70 C under stirring (EuroStar 60, IKA)
at 500 rpm for 1
hour. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature.
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The results demonstrate that the inventive polyacrylate oil gels exhibit far
superior
viscosity enhancement and clarity when compared with comparative oil gels
prepared from
comparative polymers.
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