Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
RADIO TRANSCEIVER APPARATUS, ANTENNA ELEMENT,
AND BASE STATION
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to the communications field, and in
particular, to a
radio transceiver apparatus, an antenna element, and a base station.
BACKGROUND
[0002] In a mobile communications system, a radio transceiver apparatus
is a common
signal transceiver structure, mainly including structures such as an antenna
element, a
dielectric substrate, a shielding cover, and a metal carrier. To implement a
wide signal
coverage of the radio transceiver apparatus, the antenna element configured in
the radio
transceiver apparatus is usually an omnidirectional antenna element. The
omnidirectional
antenna element is manifested as 3600 uniform radiation in a horizontal
directivity pattern,
commonly referred to as "non-directional", and is manifested as a beam of a
specific width in
a vertical directivity pattern.
[0003] If one omnidirectional antenna element is installed in a
conventional radio
transceiver apparatus, the omnidirectional antenna element is usually disposed
in a central
location of a metal carrier (the metal carrier is equivalent to a reference
ground). For example,
the omnidirectional antenna element is centrosymmetrically disposed on a
shielding cover of
the radio transceiver apparatus, and a radiation patch or a radiator of the
antenna element is
designed to be a centrosynunetric (also referred to as rotational symmetric)
structure. In
addition, the antenna element in the symmetric structure needs to be disposed
in the center of
the metal carrier. Structure symmetry is used to ensure that the antenna
element has a feature
of uniform radiation on a cross section parallel to the shielding cover,
thereby achieving high
roundness performance.
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[0004] However, if the antenna element is not disposed in the central
location of the metal
carrier, symmetry of the antenna element relative to the metal carrier cannot
be ensured. An
inevitable consequence is that a ground current is distributed non-
centrosymmetrically, and an
antenna pattern roundness of the antenna element deteriorates.
SUMMARY
[0005] To resolve a problem that an antenna pattern roundness of an
antenna element is
relatively poor when the antenna element is not disposed in a central location
of a metal
carrier, embodiments of the present invention provide a radio transceiver
apparatus, an
antenna element, and a base station. The technical solutions are as follows:
[0006] According to a first aspect, a radio transceiver apparatus is
provided, including:
a metal carrier and at least one antenna element that is disposed at an edge
of the
metal carrier, where each antenna element includes a feeding structure and a
radiation patch,
and the edge is a non-central location of the metal carrier; to be specific,
if the metal carrier is
a centrosymmetric structure, the antenna element is located in the non-central
location of the
metal carrier; or when the metal carrier is a non-centrosymmetric structure,
the metal carrier
does not have a center, and the antenna element merely needs to be located on
the metal
carrier;
both the feeding structure and the radiation patch are non-centrosymmetric
structures; and
power is fed to the radiation patch by using the feeding structure, and the
radiation
patch is grounded.
[0007] In the radio transceiver apparatus provided in the embodiments of
the present
invention, both the feeding structure and the radiation patch in each of the
at least one antenna
element disposed at the edge of the metal carrier are non-centrosymmetric
structures, the
metal carrier is used as a reference ground of the antenna element, and the
metal carrier is also
non-centrosymmetric relative to each antenna element. In this case, for each
antenna element,
distribution of ground currents generated by the non-centrosymmetric radiation
patch and the
non-centrosymmetric reference ground may form relative centrosymmetry.
Compared with an
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omnidirectional antenna element in a conventional radio transceiver apparatus,
the antenna
element in the radio transceiver apparatus provided in the embodiments of the
present
invention has a better antenna pattern roundness within a broadband range.
Therefore, an
antenna pattern roundness is effectively improved.
[0008] Optionally, there is a slot between the feeding structure and the
radiation patch,
and coupled feeding is implemented between the feeding structure and the
radiation patch by
using the slot.
[0009] In the radio transceiver apparatus provided in the embodiments of
the present
invention, coupled feeding is implemented between the feeding structure and
the radiation
patch by using the slot. This can effectively extend a bandwidth of the
antenna element.
[0010] Optionally, the feeding structure may have a plurality of forms:
[0011] In a first possible implementation, the feeding structure is an E-
shaped structure,
the E-shaped structure is formed by a first vertical bar structure and three
first horizontal bar
structures with one ends disposed on the first vertical bar structure at
intervals, an opening of
the E-shaped structure faces away from the radiation patch, a length of a
first horizontal bar
structure located in the middle of the E-shaped structure is greater than
lengths of the other
two first horizontal bar structures, the other end of the first horizontal bar
structure located in
the middle of the E-shaped structure is connected to a feed of the metal
carrier, and the slot is
formed between the first vertical bar structure and the radiation patch. The
feed, also referred
to as a feed source, may be a signal transmission port of the metal carrier,
and is usually
connected to an input/output port of a transceiver.
[0012] In a second possible implementation, the feeding structure is a T-
shaped structure,
the T-shaped structure is formed by a second vertical bar structure and one
second horizontal
bar structure with one end extending outwards from a middle part of the second
vertical bar
structure, the other end of the second horizontal bar structure is connected
to a feed of the
metal carrier, and the slot is formed between the second vertical bar
structure and the radiation
patch.
[0013] In a third possible implementation, the feeding structure is an
integrated structure
formed by an arc-shaped structure and a bar structure, one end of the bar
structure is
connected to a feed of the metal carrier, and the other end of the bar
structure is connected to
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the arc-shaped structure; an arc-shaped opening is disposed on one side that
is near the
feeding structure and that is of the radiation patch, the arc-shaped structure
is located in the
arc-shaped opening, and the slot is formed between the arc-shaped structure
and the
arc-shaped opening.
[0014] In a fourth possible implementation, the feeding structure is an arc-
shaped bar
structure, an external side of the feeding structure is connected to a feed of
the metal carrier,
and the slot is formed between the radiation patch and an internal side of the
feeding
structure.
[0015] Optionally, the feeding structure is parallel to a mounting
surface of the antenna
.. element, the feeding structure is connected to the feed of the metal
carrier by using a feed pin,
and the feed pin is perpendicular to the mounting surface of the antenna
element.
[0016] The feed pin can not only support the feeding structure, but also
implement
effective feeding of the feeding structure.
[0017] Further, the antenna element further includes a dielectric
substrate, and both the
radiation patch and the feeding structure are disposed on the dielectric
substrate.
[0018] The dielectric substrate can effectively carry the radiation patch
and the feeding
structure, and ensure that a slot is generated between the radiation patch and
the mounting
surface of the antenna element, thereby implementing electromagnetic
oscillation between the
radiation patch and the mounting surface of the antenna element.
[0019] Optionally, the antenna element further includes a parasitic
structure.
[0020] The parasitic structure is located on a surface parallel to the
mounting surface of
the antenna element, and the parasitic structure is grounded. The bandwidth of
the antenna
element can be further extended through addition of the parasitic structure.
[0021] Optionally, there is a slot between the parasitic structure and
the radiation patch,
and coupled feeding is implemented between the parasitic structure and the
radiation patch by
using the slot. Coupled feeding is implemented between the parasitic structure
and the
radiation patch by using the slot, so that extension of the bandwidth of the
antenna element
can be effectively ensured under a premise that the antenna element has a
relatively small
size.
[0022] On a basis that the antenna element includes the parasitic
structure, optionally, the
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antenna element may further include a first ground pin, where one end of the
first ground pin
is connected to the parasitic structure, and the other end of the first ground
pin is connected to
the metal carrier; the first ground pin is perpendicular to the mounting
surface of the antenna
element, and the parasitic structure is grounded by using the metal carrier.
The first ground
pin can implement effective grounding of the parasitic structure.
[0023] Optionally, the antenna element may further include:
a second ground pin, where one end of the second ground pin is connected to
the
radiation patch, and the other end of the second ground pin is connected to
the metal carrier;
the second ground pin is perpendicular to the mounting surface of the antenna
element, and
the radiation patch is grounded by using the metal carrier.
[0024] In a possible implementation, the second ground pin is disposed on
one side of the
radiation patch, and the feeding structure is disposed on the other side of
the radiation patch.
[0025] In another possible implementation, there are two second ground
pins, and the two
second ground pins are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the radiation
patch.
[0026] In actual application, the feeding structure is an axisymmetrical
structure, and an
axis of symmetry of the feeding structure is coaxial with an axis of symmetry
of the two
second ground pins.
[0027] Optionally, the parasitic structure is a non-centrosymmetric
structure. The
radiation patch, the feeding structure, and the parasitic structure are all
non-centrosymmetric
structures, so that when the antenna element is not disposed in a central
location of the metal
carrier, a high-roundness feature of the antenna element can still be ensured,
and general
applicability of the antenna element is improved.
[0028] For example, the parasitic structure is a fan-shaped structure,
the radiation patch is
a semi-annular structure, and a center of the radiation patch and a center of
the parasitic
structure are located on a same side of the radiation patch.
[0029] It should be noted that a radiation patch in an antenna element in
which no
parasitic structure is disposed may also be a semi-annular structure, or
another
non-centrosymmetric structure. This is not limited in the embodiments of the
present
invention.
[0030] Optionally, a carrier dielectric substrate and a shielding cover are
stacked on the
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metal carrier sequentially, the antenna element is disposed on the shielding
cover and is
located at the edge of the metal carrier, and the carrier dielectric substrate
is configured to
carry an electronic component in the metal carrier.
[0031] According to a second aspect, an antenna element is provided,
including:
a feeding structure and a radiation patch, where
both the feeding structure and the radiation patch are non-centrosymmetric
structures; and
power is fed to the radiation patch by using the feeding structure, and the
radiation
patch is grounded.
[0032] In the embodiments of the present invention, both the radiation
patch and the
feeding structure of the antenna element are non-centrosymmetric structures,
so that when the
antenna element is not disposed in a central location of a metal carrier, a
high-roundness
feature of the antenna element can still be ensured, and general applicability
of the antenna
element is improved.
[0033] Optionally, there is a slot between the feeding structure and the
radiation patch,
and coupled feeding is implemented between the feeding structure and the
radiation patch by
using the slot.
[0034] In the antenna element provided in the embodiments of the present
invention,
coupled feeding is implemented between the feeding structure and the radiation
patch by
using the slot. This can effectively extend a bandwidth of the antenna
element.
[0035] Optionally, the feeding structure may have a plurality of forms:
[0036] In a first possible implementation, the feeding structure is an E-
shaped structure,
the E-shaped structure is formed by a first vertical bar structure and three
first horizontal bar
structures with one ends disposed on the first vertical bar structure at
intervals, an opening of
the E-shaped structure faces away from the radiation patch, a length of a
first horizontal bar
structure located in the middle of the E-shaped structure is greater than
lengths of the other
two first horizontal bar structures, the other end of the first horizontal bar
structure located in
the middle of the E-shaped structure is connected to a feed of the metal
carrier, and the slot is
formed between the first vertical bar structure and the radiation patch.
[0037] In a second possible implementation, the feeding structure is a T-
shaped structure,
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the T-shaped structure is formed by a second vertical bar structure and one
second horizontal
bar structure with one end extending outwards from a middle part of the second
vertical bar
structure, the other end of the second horizontal bar structure is connected
to a feed of the
metal carrier, and the slot is formed between the second vertical bar
structure and the radiation
patch.
[0038] In a third possible implementation, the feeding structure is an
integrated structure
formed by an arc-shaped structure and a bar structure, one end of the bar
structure is
connected to a feed of the metal carrier, and the other end of the bar
structure is connected to
the arc-shaped structure; an arc-shaped opening is disposed on one side that
is near the
.. feeding structure and that is of the radiation patch, the arc-shaped
structure is located in the
arc-shaped opening, and the slot is formed between the arc-shaped structure
and the
arc-shaped opening.
[0039] In a fourth possible implementation, the feeding structure is an
arc-shaped bar
structure, an external side of the feeding structure is connected to a feed of
the metal carrier,
and the slot is formed between the radiation patch and an internal side of the
feeding
structure.
[0040] Optionally, the feeding structure is parallel to a mounting
surface of the antenna
element, the feeding structure is connected to the feed of the metal carrier
by using a feed pin,
and the feed pin is perpendicular to the mounting surface of the antenna
element.
[0041] The feed pin can not only support the feeding structure, but also
implement
effective feeding of the feeding structure.
[0042] Further, the antenna element further includes a dielectric
substrate, and both the
radiation patch and the feeding structure are disposed on the dielectric
substrate.
[0043] The dielectric substrate can effectively carry the radiation patch
and the feeding
structure, and ensure that a slot is generated between the radiation patch and
the mounting
surface of the antenna element, thereby implementing electromagnetic
oscillation between the
radiation patch and the mounting surface of the antenna element.
[0044] Optionally, the antenna element further includes a parasitic
structure.
[0045] The parasitic structure is located on a surface parallel to the
mounting surface of
the antenna element, and the parasitic structure is grounded. The bandwidth of
the antenna
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element can be further extended through addition of the parasitic structure.
[0046] Optionally, there is a slot between the parasitic structure and
the radiation patch,
and coupled feeding is implemented between the parasitic structure and the
radiation patch by
using the slot. Coupled feeding is implemented between the parasitic structure
and the
radiation patch by using the slot, so that extension of the bandwidth of the
antenna element
can be effectively ensured under a premise that the antenna element has a
relatively small
size.
[0047] On a basis that the antenna element includes the parasitic
structure, optionally, the
antenna element further includes:
a first ground pin, where one end of the first ground pin is connected to the
parasitic structure, and the other end of the first ground pin is connected to
the metal carrier;
the first ground pin is perpendicular to the mounting surface of the antenna
element, and the
parasitic structure is grounded by using the metal carrier.
[0048] Optionally, the antenna element further includes:
a second ground pin, where one end of the second ground pin is connected to
the
radiation patch, and the other end of the second ground pin is connected to
the metal carrier;
the second ground pin is perpendicular to the mounting surface of the antenna
element, and
the radiation patch is grounded by using the metal carrier.
[0049] In a possible implementation, the second ground pin is disposed on
one side of the
radiation patch, and the feeding structure is disposed on the other side of
the radiation patch.
[0050] In another possible implementation, there are two second ground
pins, and the two
second ground pins are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the radiation
patch.
[0051] In actual application, the feeding structure is an axisymmetrical
structure, and an
axis of symmetry of the feeding structure is coaxial with an axis of symmetry
of the two
second ground pins.
[0052] Optionally, the parasitic structure is a non-centrosymmetric
structure. The
radiation patch, the feeding structure, and the parasitic structure are all
non-centrosymmetric
structures, so that when the antenna element is not disposed in the central
location of the
metal carrier, the high-roundness feature of the antenna element can still be
ensured, and
general applicability of the antenna element is improved.
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[0053] For example, the parasitic structure is a fan-shaped structure,
the radiation patch is
a semi-annular structure, and a center of the radiation patch and a center of
the parasitic
structure are located on a same side of the radiation patch.
[0054] It should be noted that a radiation patch in an antenna element in
which no
parasitic structure is disposed may also be a semi-annular structure, or
another
non-centrosymmetric structure. This is not limited in the embodiments of the
present
invention.
[0055] According to a third aspect, a base station is provided, including
the radio
transceiver apparatus in any one of the foregoing implementations.
[0056] In the radio transceiver apparatus, the antenna element, and the
base station that
are provided in the embodiments of the present invention, both the feeding
structure and the
radiation patch in each of the at least one antenna element disposed at the
edge of the metal
carrier are non-centrosymmetric structures, the metal carrier is used as a
reference ground of
the antenna element, and the metal carrier is also non-centrosymmetric
relative to each
antenna element. In this case, for each antenna element, distribution of
ground currents
generated by the non-centrosymmetric radiation patch and the non-
centrosymmetric reference
ground may form relative centrosymmetry. Compared with an omnidirectional
antenna
element in a conventional radio transceiver apparatus, the antenna element in
the radio
transceiver apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present invention has
a better
antenna pattern roundness within a broadband range. Therefore, an antenna
pattern roundness
is effectively improved.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0057] To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the
present invention
more clearly, the following briefly describes the accompanying drawings
required for
describing the embodiments. Apparently, the accompanying drawings in the
following
description show merely some embodiments of the present invention, and a
person of
ordinary skill in the art may still derive other drawings from these
accompanying drawings
without creative efforts.
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Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
[0058] FIG 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a commonly used
omnidirectional
antenna element provided in a related technology;
[0059] FIG 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a commonly used radio
transceiver
apparatus provided in a related technology;
[0060] FIG 3 is a schematic diagram of current distribution of a commonly
used
omnidirectional antenna element provided in a related technology;
[0061] FIG 4 is a schematic diagram of current distribution of an
omnidirectional antenna
element in the radio transceiver apparatus provided in FIG 2;
[0062] FIG 5 is a simulation diagram of a radiation pattern of the
omnidirectional antenna
element in the radio transceiver apparatus shown in FIG 4;
[0063] FIG 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a radio transceiver
apparatus according
to an example embodiment of the present invention;
[0064] FIG 7 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a radio
transceiver apparatus
according to an example embodiment of the present invention;
[0065] FIG 8 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of another radio
transceiver
apparatus according to an example embodiment of the present invention;
[0066] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of still
another radio transceiver
apparatus according to an example embodiment of the present invention;
[0067] FIG 10 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a radio
transceiver
apparatus according to another example embodiment of the present invention;
[0068] FIG 11 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of another
radio transceiver
apparatus according to another example embodiment of the present invention;
[0069] FIG 12 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of still
another radio
transceiver apparatus according to another example embodiment of the present
invention;
[0070] FIG 13 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of another
radio transceiver
apparatus according to still another example embodiment of the present
invention;
[0071] FIG 14 is a left view of the radio transceiver apparatus shown in
FIG 7;
[0072] FIG 15 is a top view of the radio transceiver apparatus shown in
FIG 7;
[0073] FIG 16 is a simulation diagram of a radiation pattern of an
antenna element in the
radio transceiver apparatus in FIG 7;
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
[0074] FIG 17 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of still
another radio
transceiver apparatus according to still another example embodiment of the
present invention;
[0075] FIG 18 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of yet
another radio
transceiver apparatus according to still another example embodiment of the
present invention;
[0076] FIG 19 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a radio
transceiver
apparatus according to yet another example embodiment of the present
invention; and
[0077] FIG 20 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of another
radio transceiver
apparatus according to yet another example embodiment of the present
invention.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0078] To make objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the
present invention
clearer, the following further describes the embodiments of the present
invention in detail
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0079] FIG 1 shows a commonly used omnidirectional antenna element 10
provided in a
related technology. The omnidirectional antenna element may be referred to as
a broadband
monopole antenna element. As shown in FIG 1, the omnidirectional antenna
element 10
includes:
a radiation patch 11, a short-circuit probe 12 with one end connected to the
radiation patch 11 and the other end grounded, and a feeding probe 13, where
one end of the
feeding probe 13 is grounded, a slot H is formed between the radiation patch
11 and the other
end of the feeding probe 13, feeding is performed between the radiation patch
11 and the
feeding probe 13 by using the slot H, and a feed point is a point A.
[0080] Because the existing omnidirectional antenna element is a three-
dimensional
structure, a radio transceiver apparatus including the omnidirectional antenna
element may be
shown in FIG 2. FIG 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional
radio transceiver
apparatus 20. The radio transceiver apparatus 20 includes at least one
omnidirectional antenna
element 10, a carrier dielectric substrate (also referred to as a radiation
board) 201, a shielding
cover 202, and a metal carrier 203. The metal carrier 203 is a housing, the
carrier dielectric
substrate 201 is disposed in the metal carrier 203, the shielding cover 202 is
fastened on the
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metal carrier, and the omnidirectional antenna element 10 is formed on the
shielding cover
202 or the metal carrier 203. In FIG 2, an example in which the
omnidirectional antenna
element 10 is formed on the shielding cover 202 is used for description. It
can be seen from
FIG 2 that the omnidirectional antenna element 10 is a three-dimensional
structure obtained
.. by separate processing. After the processing, the omnidirectional antenna
element 10 is
disposed on the shielding cover 202 or the metal carrier 203.
[0081] Generally, with regard to a structure of a radio transceiver
apparatus, there is
symmetry related to a roundness in three aspects: symmetry of an antenna
element body,
symmetry of an installation location, and symmetry of a metal carrier. If
symmetry in all the
three aspects is achieved, to be specific, a centrosymmetric (also referred to
as rotational
symmetric) omnidirectional antenna element is centrosymmetrically disposed on
a
centrosymmetric metal carrier, the roundness of the radio transceiver
apparatus is usually
relatively good. However, if symmetry in one of the three aspects is broken,
the roundness
usually deteriorates. In actual application, because of processing
convenience, the metal
carrier is a centrosymmetric structure, for example, a square structure or a
round structure,
and the shielding cover fastened on the metal carrier is also a
centrosymmetric structure.
Optionally, the metal carrier may be a centrosymmetric prism-shaped structure.
For a purpose
of aesthetics, an edge of the metal carrier may have a fillet or a beveling.
[0082] If one omnidirectional antenna element is installed in the
conventional radio
transceiver apparatus, the omnidirectional antenna element is usually disposed
in a central
location of the metal carrier. For example, the omnidirectional antenna
element is
centrosymmetrically disposed on the shielding cover of the radio transceiver
apparatus, and a
radiation patch or a radiator of the antenna element is designed to be a
centrosymmetric
structure. In addition, the antenna element in the symmetric structure needs
to be disposed in
the center of a reference ground (for example, a ground marked in FIG 3).
Structure
symmetry is used to ensure that the antenna element has a feature of uniform
radiation on a
cross section parallel to the reference ground, thereby achieving high
roundness performance.
FIG 3 shows a schematic diagram of corresponding current distribution. A
ground current of
the antenna element is distributed centrosymmetrically. However, if the
antenna element is not
disposed in the central location of the metal carrier, symmetry of the antenna
element relative
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Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
to the metal carrier cannot be ensured. An inevitable consequence is that the
ground current is
distributed non-centrosymmetrically, and an antenna pattern roundness of the
antenna element
deteriorates.
[0083] In actual application, to implement multi-band coverage and multi-
channel signal
transmission, at least two omnidirectional antenna elements usually need to be
installed in the
radio transceiver apparatus. When there are a plurality of antenna elements,
an antenna
element not disposed in the central location of the metal carrier exists
inevitably. Symmetry of
each antenna element relative to the reference ground cannot be ensured, and
therefore the
antenna pattern roundness of the conventional radio transceiver apparatus
having a plurality
of antenna elements is relatively poor.
[0084] FIG 4 is a schematic diagram of current distribution of an antenna
element in a
scenario that is shown in FIG 2 and in which an omnidirectional antenna
element is disposed
on each of four corners of the shielding cover. The metal carrier is used as
the reference
ground of the antenna element (for example, a ground marked in FIG 4), and is
not
centrosymmetric relative to each antenna element. A ground current of each
antenna element
is therefore non-centrosymmetrically distributed. Correspondingly, a
simulation diagram of a
radiation pattern of the antenna element may be shown in FIG 5. Antenna
pattern roundnesses
corresponding to different bandwidths in FIG 5 are shown in Table 1. A cross
section of a
three-dimensional radiation pattern at an angle Theta in a horizontal plane
direction is
obtained. A value range of Theta is usually from 00 to 180 . A frequency value
recorded in
Table 1 is a frequency value corresponding to a frequency channel number used
when the
antenna element operates normally. A cross section roundness corresponding to
Theta
indicates a difference that is between a maximum value and a minimum value of
levels (unit:
dB) in the radiation pattern and that is obtained when the angle is Theta. In
addition,
considering a coverage area, a cross section corresponding to Theta = 80 is
usually focused
on. Theta = 80 indicates that an angle between the cross section and a
vertical direction in a
polar coordinate system is 80 . It can be learned from the simulation diagram
shown in FIG 5
and Table 1 that, if a conventional broadband monopole antenna element is
disposed on each
of four corners of the metal carrier, the antenna elements are distributed
non-centrosymmetrically relative to the carrier, leading to non-
centrosymmetrie distribution
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Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
of ground currents in the metal carrier. Therefore, a relatively deep
radiation pattern groove is
formed in a diagonal direction of the metal carrier, resulting in rapid
deterioration of the
antenna pattern roundness. Within a bandwidth range from 1.7 GHz to 2.7 GHz
(gigahertz), a
poorest roundness is 10.9 dB (decibel). A fluctuation degree of the radiation
pattern far
exceeds a fluctuation range that can be accepted by a communication operator.
Great
fluctuation in a horizontal directivity pattern causes a communication dead
zone in some
angle ranges, thereby decreasing the coverage area, and reducing a
communication capability.
Table 1
Frequency Cross section roundness (dB) when
(GHz) Theta = 800
1.7 4.2
1.9 5.8
2.1 7.6
2.3 9.7
2.5 10.9
2.7 8.9
[0085] FIG 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a radio transceiver
apparatus 30
according to an example embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG
6, the radio
transceiver apparatus 30 may include a metal carrier 301 and at least one
antenna element 302
that is disposed at an edge of the metal carrier 301.
[0086] The edge is a non-central location of the metal carrier. To be
specific, if the metal
carrier is a centrosymmetric structure, the antenna element is located in the
non-central
location of the metal carrier; or when the metal carrier is a non-
centrosymmetric structure, the
metal carrier does not have a center, and the antenna element merely needs to
be located on
the metal carrier. Optionally, the antenna element 302 may be located on a
corner of the metal
carrier 301, or located on a border of the metal carrier. As shown in a dashed-
line box U in
FIG 6, an enlarged view of an antenna element 302 disposed at the edge of the
metal carrier
301 is in the dashed-line box U. Each antenna element 302 includes a feeding
structure 3021
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Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
and a radiation patch 3022, and both the feeding structure 3021 and the
radiation patch 3022
are non-centrosymmetric structures. Optionally, both the feeding structure
3021 and the
radiation patch 3022 may be axisymmetrical structures. It should be noted that
the metal
carrier in this embodiment of the present invention may have a plurality of
structures. The
metal carrier can be used as a reference ground of the antenna element, and
the metal carrier
may be a metal housing, a circuit board (for example, a dielectric substrate),
a radiator, or the
like of the radio transceiver apparatus.
[0087] Power is fed to the radiation patch 3022 by using the feeding
structure 3021, and
the radiation patch 3022 is grounded.
[0088] In actual application, electromagnetic oscillation (also referred to
as resonance)
can be generated between the radiation patch 3022 and a mounting surface Q of
the antenna
element 302. Capacitance and inductance are generated between the radiation
patch and the
mounting surface Q of the antenna element 302, and the capacitance and the
inductance excite
the electromagnetic oscillation.
[0089] In the radio transceiver apparatus provided in this embodiment of
the present
invention, both the feeding structure and the radiation patch in each of the
at least one antenna
element disposed at the edge of the metal carrier are non-centrosymmetric
structures, the
metal carrier is used as a reference ground of the antenna element, and the
metal carrier is also
non-centrosymmetric relative to each antenna element. In this case, for each
antenna element,
distribution of ground currents generated by the non-centrosymmetric radiation
patch and the
non-centrosymmetric reference ground may form relative centrosymmetry.
Compared with an
omnidirectional antenna element in a conventional radio transceiver apparatus,
the antenna
element in the radio transceiver apparatus provided in this embodiment of the
present
invention has a better antenna pattern roundness within a broadband range.
Therefore, an
antenna pattern roundness is effectively improved.
[0090] In addition, in this embodiment of the present invention, the
metal carrier and the
antenna element cooperate with each other to achieve an actual high roundness
of the antenna
element. In other words, that the antenna element is disposed at the edge of
the metal carrier
is used as a factor for improving roundness of the antenna element. Integrated
design may be
performed on the antenna element body and the metal carrier that is considered
as another
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
radiation arm of the antenna element. Non-symmetry of the radiation patch and
the feeding
structure is used to counteract roundness deterioration caused due to non-
symmetry of the
reference ground, thereby achieving high roundness performance of the antenna
element.
[0091] Further, the metal carrier 301 is a centrosymmetric housing, and a
carrier dielectric
substrate 303 and a shielding cover 304 may be further stacked on the metal
carrier 301
sequentially. The carrier dielectric substrate is configured to carry an
electronic component in
the metal carrier. The antenna element 302 is disposed on the shielding cover
304 and is
located at the edge of the metal carrier 301. The shielding cover 304 is
fastened on the carrier
dielectric substrate 303, and is configured to shield mutual interference
between a radio
frequency circuit and an external environment and between the radio frequency
circuit and the
antenna element. The carrier dielectric substrate 303 and a dielectric
substrate 3023 may be
made of a same material or different materials. In actual application, as
shown in FIG 6, the
carrier dielectric substrate may alternatively be disposed inside the metal
carrier 301, and the
shielding cover is fastened on the metal carrier 301. Optionally, the carrier
dielectric substrate
may be a model FR-4 epoxy resin board with a dielectric constant 4.2, or may
be made of
another material.
[0092] In actual application, there may be a plurality of feeding manners
for the feeding
structure and the radiation patch, for example, direct feeding or coupled
feeding. When the
feeding structure is in direct contact with the radiation patch, direct
feeding is implemented
between the feeding structure and the radiation patch. The antenna element
using such a
feeding manner can implement a relatively narrow standing wave ratio bandwidth
in a simple
way. Coupled feeding can be used to extend a bandwidth of the antenna element.
[0093] For the conventional omnidirectional antenna element, for example,
the
omnidirectional antenna element 10 shown in FIG 1, because of a structure of
the
omnidirectional antenna element, if a plurality of antenna elements are
disposed in the radio
transceiver apparatus or a metal ground is non-symmetric, a relatively good
antenna pattern
roundness can be maintained only within a narrowband range, and the antenna
pattern
roundness is relatively poor within a broadband range.
[0094] A radiation pattern is short for an antenna element radiation
pattern, and is a
pattern in which relative field strength (normalized modulus value) of a
radiation field
16
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
changes with a direction at a specific distance from the antenna element. The
radiation pattern
is usually represented by using two mutually perpendicular plane radiation
patterns in a
maximum radiation direction of the antenna element. The antenna element
radiation pattern is
an important pattern for measuring performance of an antenna element. Various
parameters of
the antenna element may be observed from the antenna element radiation
pattern. The antenna
pattern roundness (antenna pattern roundness) is also referred to as an
antenna pattern
out-of-roundness, and indicates a difference between a maximum value and a
minimum value
of levels (unit: dB) of the antenna element in various directions in a
horizontal directivity
pattern.
[0095] To make the antenna element 302 obtain a relatively large standing
wave ratio
bandwidth, in this embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG 6,
there may be a
slot m between the feeding structure 3021 and the radiation patch 3022. For
example, there
may be the slot m between the radiation patch 3022 and an orthographic
projection of the
feeding structure 3021 on a plane on which the radiation patch 3022 is
located. Alternatively,
there may be an overlapping area between the radiation patch 3022 and an
orthographic
projection of the feeding structure 3021 on a plane on which the radiation
patch 3022 is
located, but the feeding structure 3021 and the radiation patch 3022 are
neither coplanar nor
attached to each other, and therefore the slot m is generated. Coupled feeding
is implemented
between the feeding structure 3021 and the radiation patch 3022 by using the
slot m. The
antenna element 302 can obtain a relatively large standing wave ratio
bandwidth in the
coupled feeding manner.
[0096] Further, shapes of the feeding structure 3021 and the radiation
patch 3022 may be
set in a matching manner, to ensure effective feeding between the feeding
structure 3021 and
the radiation patch 3022. In this embodiment of the present invention, the
following four
possible implementations are used as examples for description:
[0097] In a first possible implementation, as shown in FIG 6 or FIG 7,
the feeding
structure 3021 is an E-shaped structure, the E-shaped structure is formed by a
first vertical bar
structure and three first horizontal bar structures with one ends disposed on
the first vertical
bar structure at intervals, an opening of the E-shaped structure faces away
from the radiation
patch, a length of a first horizontal bar structure located in the middle of
the E-shaped
17
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
structure is greater than lengths of the other two first horizontal bar
structures, the other end
of the first horizontal bar structure located in the middle of the E-shaped
structure is
connected to a feed of the metal carrier, and the slot is formed between the
first vertical bar
structure and the radiation patch 3022. The feed, also referred to as a feed
source, may be a
signal transmission port of the metal carrier, and is usually connected to an
input/output port
of a transceiver.
[0098] In a second possible implementation, as shown in FIG 8, the
feeding structure
3021 is a T-shaped structure, the T-shaped structure is formed by a second
vertical bar
structure and one second horizontal bar structure with one end extending
outwards from a
.. middle part of the second vertical bar structure, the other end of the
second horizontal bar
structure is connected to a feed of the metal carrier, and the slot is formed
between the second
vertical bar structure and the radiation patch 3022.
[0099] In a third possible implementation, as shown in FIG 9, the feeding
structure 3021
may alternatively be an integrated structure formed by an arc-shaped structure
30211 and a
bar structure 30212, one end of the bar structure 30212 is connected to a feed
of the metal
carrier, and the other end of the bar structure 30212 is connected to the arc-
shaped structure
30211; an arc-shaped opening is disposed on one side that is near the feeding
structure 3021
and that is of the radiation patch 3022, the arc-shaped structure 30211
matches the arc-shaped
opening, the arc-shaped structure 30211 is located in the arc-shaped opening,
and the slot for
coupled feeding is formed between the arc-shaped structure 30211 and the arc-
shaped
opening.
[0100] In a fourth possible implementation, as shown in FIG 10, the
feeding structure
3021 may alternatively be an arc-shaped bar structure, an external side of the
feeding structure
3021 is connected to a feed of the metal carrier, and the slot is formed
between the radiation
patch 3022 and an internal side of the feeding structure 3021.
[0101] It should be noted that the shapes of the feeding structure 3021
and the radiation
patch 3022 may match each other in another manner. This embodiment of the
present
invention is merely an example description, and any modification, equivalent
replacement,
improvement, or the like made based on the matching cases provided in the
present invention
should fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore,
no further details
18
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
are provided in this embodiment of the present invention.
[0102] As shown in FIG 6 to FIG 10, the feeding structure 3021 may be
connected to the
feed of the metal carrier 301 by using a feed pin 3027. The feed pin 3027 is
perpendicular to
the mounting surface of the antenna element 302.
[0103] Further, as shown in FIG 7 to FIG 10, the antenna element 302 may
further
include the dielectric substrate 3023. Optionally, the dielectric substrate
may be a model FR-4
epoxy resin board with a dielectric constant 4.2, or may be made of another
material. The
dielectric substrate 3023 is configured to carry the radiation patch 3022 and
the feeding
structure 3021, that is, the radiation patch 3022 is disposed on the
dielectric substrate 3023. A
surface W of the dielectric substrate may be parallel to the mounting surface
of the antenna
element. Capacitance may be generated between the two parallel surfaces. The
feeding
structure 3021 may be completely or partially disposed on the dielectric
substrate 3023. As
shown in FIG 9, the radiation patch 3022 is attached onto the surface W
(namely, any of two
surfaces with a maximum surface area of the dielectric substrate 3023) of the
dielectric
substrate 3023, a surface of the radiation patch is parallel to the mounting
surface Q of the
antenna element 302, and capacitance may be generated between the two parallel
surfaces.
[0104] Further, as shown in FIG 8 and FIG 9, the antenna element 302 may
further
include a parasitic structure 3024.
[0105] The parasitic structure 3024 is located on a surface parallel to
the mounting surface
of the antenna element. For example, the parasitic structure 3024 may be
supported by some
support structures, and disposed on the surface parallel to the mounting
surface of the antenna
element. Alternatively, the parasitic structure 3024 is directly disposed on
the surface of the
dielectric substrate 3023, the dielectric substrate is parallel to a bottom
surface of a groove,
the parasitic structure 3024 is grounded, and there may be a slot n between
the parasitic
structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022. For example, there is the slot n
between the
radiation patch 3022 and an orthographic projection of the parasitic structure
3024 on the
plane on which the radiation patch 3022 is located. Alternatively, there may
be an overlapping
area between the radiation patch 3022 and an orthographic projection of the
parasitic structure
3024 on the plane on which the radiation patch 3022 is located, but the
parasitic structure
3024 and the radiation patch 3022 are neither coplanar nor attached to each
other, and
19
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
therefore the slot n is generated. Coupled feeding is implemented between the
parasitic
structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022 by using the slot n.
Electromagnetic oscillation
may be generated between the parasitic structure 3024 and the mounting surface
of the
antenna element. Based on the radiation patch, the parasitic structure is
added to the antenna
element. Electromagnetic oscillation can be generated between the mounting
surface of the
antenna element and each of the parasitic structure and the radiation patch,
and an area of
overall resonance of the antenna element is positively correlated with the
bandwidth of the
antenna element. Therefore, coupled feeding between the radiation patch and
the parasitic
structure can be used to further extend the bandwidth of the antenna element
while ensuring
that the antenna element has a relatively small size. In addition, the
parasitic structure 3024
may also be non-centrosymmetric, to further ensure the antenna pattern
roundness of the
antenna element.
[0106] Optionally, as shown in FIG 8 or FIG 9, the antenna element 302
may further
include a first ground pin 3025.
[0107] One end of the first ground pin 3025 is connected to the parasitic
structure 3024,
and the other end of the first ground pin 3025 is connected to the metal
carrier 301. The first
ground pin 3025 is perpendicular to the mounting surface of the antenna
element, and the
parasitic structure 3024 is grounded by using the metal carrier 301. The
parasitic structure
may be disposed in parallel to the mounting surface of the antenna element, so
that
capacitance is generated between the parasitic structure and the mounting
surface. Then, the
first ground pin is disposed, so that inductance is generated between the
parasitic structure
and the mounting surface, to further excite the electromagnetic oscillation.
In addition, the
first ground pin is disposed to ensure that not only the parasitic structure
can be electrically
connected to the metal carrier through a relatively short path, but also the
parasitic structure
can be supported. A manufacturing technology of the first ground pin is also
relatively simple.
[0108] In this embodiment of the present invention, there may be a
plurality of feeding
manners for the radiation patch and the parasitic structure, for example,
direct feeding or
coupled feeding. Both the feeding manners can be used to extend the bandwidth
of the
antenna element. As shown in FIG 11, the radiation patch 3022 is in direct
contact with the
parasitic structure 3024, and direct feeding is implemented between the
radiation patch 3022
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
and the parasitic structure 3024. The radiation patch 3022 using such a
feeding manner may
not need a side ground cable but be directly grounded by using the first
ground pin 3025
connected to the parasitic structure. In addition, the first ground pin may
further generate
relatively strong inductance between the radiation patch and the mounting
surface of the
antenna element, thereby ensuring generation of the electromagnetic
oscillation between the
radiation patch and the mounting surface of the antenna element.
[0109] As shown in FIG 8 or FIG 9, there is the slot n between the
parasitic structure
3024 and the radiation patch 3022, and coupled feeding is implemented between
the parasitic
structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022 by using the slot n. The antenna
element 302 can
obtain a relatively large standing wave ratio bandwidth in the coupled feeding
manner. It
should be noted that, because the parasitic structure 3024 is not in contact
with the radiation
patch 3022 during coupled feeding, the radiation patch 3022 cannot be grounded
by using the
parasitic structure 3024, and needs to be grounded by using a ground cable or
a ground pin.
[0110] It should be noted that, because of performance of the parasitic
structure, an area
of the parasitic structure when direct feeding is used is greater than an area
of the parasitic
structure when coupled feeding is used. To reduce the overall size of the
antenna element, the
parasitic structure and the radiation patch usually implement feeding in the
coupled feeding
manner.
[0111] Further, shapes of the parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation
patch 3022 may be
set in a matching manner, to ensure effective feeding between the parasitic
structure 3024 and
the radiation patch 3022. For example, when the antenna element 302 implements
feeding in
the manner of coupled feeding by the parasitic structure 3024 and the
radiation patch 3022,
the parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022 may be disposed in a
matching
manner, to ensure a proper slot between the parasitic structure 3024 and the
radiation patch
3022. For example, as shown in FIG 9, the parasitic structure 3024 is a fan-
shaped structure,
the radiation patch 3022 is a semi-annular structure, and a center of the
radiation patch 3022
and a center of the parasitic structure 3024 are located on a same side of the
radiation patch
3022. Optionally, both the centers are near a corner of the mounting surface
of the antenna
element, to reduce the overall size of the antenna element. As shown in FIG 8,
the parasitic
structure 3024 is a triangular structure, the radiation patch 3022 is a
polygonal structure, and
21
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
two sides that are of the radiation patch 3022 and the parasitic structure
3024 and that are
close to each other are parallel to each other. For another example, when the
antenna element
302 implements feeding in the manner of direct feeding by the parasitic
structure 3024 and
the radiation patch 3022, the shapes of the parasitic structure 3024 and the
radiation patch
3022 may be set in a matching manner, to ensure an effective connection
between the
parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022. For example, as shown
in FIG 11, the
parasitic structure 3024 is a fan-shaped structure, the radiation patch 3022
is a semi-annular
structure, and a center of the radiation patch 3022 and a center of the
parasitic structure 3024
are located on a same side of the radiation patch 3022. An external edge of
the fan-shaped
structure is bonded to an internal edge of the semi-annular structure. In FIG
11, the parasitic
structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022 may be located on a same surface
of the dielectric
substrate, and the parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022
partially overlap. The
parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022 are electrically
connected through
contact in an overlap part. For example, the parasitic structure 3024 and the
radiation patch
3022 are located on a lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and an upper
surface of the
parasitic structure 3024 and a lower surface of the radiation patch 3022
partially overlap.
[0112] It should be noted that the shapes of the parasitic structure 3024
and the radiation
patch 3022 may match each other in another manner. This embodiment of the
present
invention is merely an example description, and any modification, equivalent
replacement,
improvement, or the like made based on the matching cases provided in the
present invention
should fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore,
no further details
are provided in this embodiment of the present invention.
[0113] It should be noted that the radiation patch 3022 may be grounded
by using a
ground pin. Optionally, as shown in FIG 7, the antenna element 302 may further
include a
second ground pin 3026 disposed on at least one side of the radiation patch
3022. The second
ground pin 3026 may be made of metal. One end of the second ground pin 3026 is
connected
to the radiation patch 3022, and the other end of the second ground pin 3026
is connected to
the metal carrier 301. The second ground pin 3026 is perpendicular to the
mounting surface of
the antenna element. The radiation patch 3022 is grounded by using the metal
carrier 301. For
example, in FIG 7, an example in which two second ground pins 3026 are
disposed on the
22
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
antenna element 302 is used as an example. The two second ground pins 3026 are
symmetrically disposed on two sides of the radiation patch 3022. The second
ground pins
3026 are disposed. Therefore, the radiation patch may be disposed in parallel
to the mounting
surface of the antenna element, so that the capacitance is generated between
the radiation
patch and the mounting surface. Then, the second ground pins are disposed, so
that the
inductance is generated between the radiation patch and the mounting surface,
to further
excite the electromagnetic oscillation. In addition, the second ground pins
can not only make
the radiation patch electrically connected to the metal carrier through a
relatively short path,
but also support the dielectric substrate to prevent deformation of the
dielectric substrate. A
manufacturing technology of the second ground pin is also relatively simple.
Moreover,
symmetrically disposing the two second ground pins 3026 on the two sides of
the radiation
patch 3022 can effectively reduce the size of the antenna element and extend
the bandwidth.
[0114] In actual application, relative locations of the radiation patch,
the feeding structure,
and the parasitic structure on the dielectric substrate may be set based on a
specific situation.
Two of the radiation patch, the feeding structure, and the parasitic structure
may be located on
one surface of the dielectric substrate, and one thereof may be located on the
other surface of
the dielectric substrate. Alternatively, the radiation patch, the feeding
structure, and the
parasitic structure are located on a same surface of the dielectric substrate.
As shown in FIG 8
or FIG 9, the radiation patch 3022 and the feeding structure 3021 are located
on one surface
of the dielectric substrate, and the parasitic structure 3024 is located on
the other surface of
the dielectric substrate. As shown in FIG 11, the radiation patch 3022 and the
parasitic
structure 3024 are located on one surface of the dielectric substrate 3023,
and the feeding
structure 3021 is located on the other surface of the dielectric substrate
3023. If the radiation
patch and the parasitic structure are located on the lower surface of the
dielectric substrate, the
feeding structure is located on an upper surface of the dielectric substrate.
[0115] Certainly, when no parasitic structure is disposed in the radio
transceiver apparatus,
relative locations of the radiation patch 3022 and the feeding structure 3021
on the dielectric
substrate may be set based on a specific situation. The radiation patch 3022
and the feeding
structure 3021 may be located on the two surfaces of the dielectric substrate
3023, or the
radiation patch 3022 and the feeding structure 3021 are located on a same
surface of the
23
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
dielectric substrate 3023. As shown in FIG 6 or FIG 7, the radiation patch
3022 and the
feeding structure 3021 are located on the same surface of the dielectric
substrate 3023. As
shown in FIG. 12, the radiation patch and the feeding structure are located on
the two surfaces
of the dielectric substrate. In FIG 12, the radiation patch 3022 is located on
the lower surface
of the dielectric substrate 3023, and the radiation patch is a semi-annular
structure.
[0116] In actual application, the radio transceiver apparatus 30 may
alternatively not
include the shielding cover, as shown in FIG 13. The carrier dielectric
substrate is directly
fastened on the metal carrier, or the dielectric substrate is disposed in the
metal carrier. In
components inside the metal carrier, if there is a component for which a
shielding structure
needs to be disposed, a small shielding can may be fastened to an exterior of
the component,
to prevent mutual interference between the component and the external
environment. As
shown in FIG 13, a groove 3011 is disposed at the edge of the metal carrier,
and the antenna
element 302 is disposed in the groove 3011. The dielectric substrate 3023 of
the antenna
element 302 and the carrier dielectric substrate 303 on the metal carrier are
an integrated
structure. Because no shielding cover is disposed in the radio transceiver
apparatus 30, an
overall thickness of the radio transceiver apparatus can be reduced, and
correspondingly, a
size of the radio transceiver apparatus is reduced.
10117] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the present
invention, the antenna
element 302 may be directly disposed on the metal carrier 301, or may be
disposed on the
carrier dielectric substrate 303 or the shielding cover 304 on the metal
carrier 301, but the
antenna element 302 is located in an edge area of the metal carrier 301 in
either case. The
mounting surface of the antenna element 302 includes a metal surface, so that
the capacitance
is generated between the mounting surface and the radiation patch. Therefore,
in this
embodiment of the present invention, the mounting surface of the antenna
element 302 may
be an upper surface of the metal carrier 301, an upper surface (there is a
metal area on the
upper surface) of the carrier dielectric substrate 303, or an upper surface of
the shielding
cover 304. The radiation patch or the parasitic structure is grounded by using
the metal carrier.
This means that the radiation patch may be directly connected to the metal
carrier by using the
second ground pin, or may be indirectly connected to the metal carrier by
using the ground
cable or the ground pin disposed on the carrier dielectric substrate 303 or
the shielding cover
24
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
304. The shielding cover or the carrier dielectric substrate is connected to a
metal ground
cable of the metal carrier.
[0118] Optionally, a heat sink fin may be further disposed at a bottom of
the metal carrier,
and the heat sink fin is configured to dissipate heat for the metal carrier.
[0119] It should be noted that, if the omnidirectional antenna element in
the radio
transceiver apparatus provided in this embodiment of the present invention is
used, a voltage
standing wave ratio (English: Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, VSWR for short) of
the
omnidirectional antenna element may be less than 2.5, and the standing wave
ratio bandwidth
may be greater than 45%.
[0120] Further, as shown in FIG 7, a top of the feeding structure 3021 may
be connected
to the feed of the metal carrier 301 by using the feed pin 3027. The feed pin
3027 is
perpendicular to the mounting surface Q of the antenna element 302. The
feeding structure
3021 is parallel to the mounting surface Q of the antenna element 302. As
shown in FIG 7,
the feeding structure 3021 and the radiation patch 3022 are printed on the
upper surface of the
dielectric substrate 3023, and a signal (may also be considered as energy) of
the feed is fed by
the feeding structure 3021, and is coupled to the radiation patch 3022 by
using the slot. In
addition, the second ground pins 3026 are disposed on the two sides of the
radiation patch
3022, the second ground pin 3026 connects the radiation patch 3022 to the
metal carrier 301,
and an overall structure of the antenna element is relatively independent of
the metal carrier.
After size adjustment is performed for the parts, the antenna element can
obtain a standing
wave ratio bandwidth greater than 45% (VSWR < 2.5). Moreover, within this
bandwidth
range, the radiation pattern of the antenna element may obtain relatively good
roundness
performance.
[0121] For the radio transceiver apparatus 30 shown in FIG 7, a left view
and a top view
of the radio transceiver apparatus 30 are respectively FIG 14 and FIG 15. FIG
14 and FIG 15
show structure parameters of the antenna element in the radio transceiver
apparatus 30. As
shown in FIG 14, a distance between the upper surface of the dielectric
substrate 3023 and
the mounting surface of the antenna element is h, a projected distance between
the second
ground pin 3026 and the center of the radiation patch 3022 is ps, a width of
each second
ground pin 3026 is ws, and a distance from the second ground pin 3026 to the
feed pin 3027 is
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
pf. As shown in FIG 15, a top view of the dielectric substrate 3023 is a
square from which an
isosceles right triangle of a corner is cut. A length of a side of the square
is cO, and a length of
a leg of the isosceles right triangle is c0¨cl. For the semi-annular (may also
be considered as
a quarter of a ring) radiation patch 3022, an inner diameter is rl, an outer
diameter is r2, and a
.. central angle is 900. A distance from the center of the semi-annular (may
also be considered as
a quarter of a ring) radiation patch 3022 to either side of the dielectric
substrate 3023 is r0.
The feeding structure 3021 is an E-shaped structure, and a first vertical bar
structure of the
feeding structure 3021 is a semi-annular structure. For the semi-annular
structure, an inner
diameter is r3, an outer diameter is T4, and a central angle is a. For a first
horizontal bar
structure located at an outer edge of the E-shaped structure, a length is la,
and a width is wa.
For a first horizontal bar structure located in the middle of the E-shaped
structure, a length is
lf, and a width is wf.
[0122] Sizes of the structure parameters of the antenna element in the
radio transceiver
apparatus 30 shown in FIG 7 are shown in Table 2. In Table 2, 2d is a
wavelength
.. corresponding to a lowest operating frequency of the antenna element in the
radio transceiver
apparatus 30, and rl is (0.0732d, 0.1092d) and indicates that rl falls within
a range from
0.0732d to 0.10921.
Table 2
Structure Structure
Size Size
parameter parameter
0.0572d Pf 0.02852d
c0 0.2172d wa 0.01322d
c I 0.1622d ws 0.02272d
r0 0.01712\I wf 0.01602J
rl 0.073-0.1092d la 0.04562d
r2 0.127-0.1912J ps 0.04132J
r3 0.141-0.211M lf 0.02332d
r4 0.15-0.2262d a 15.3 deg
26
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
[0123] When the sizes of the structure parameters of the antenna element
in the radio
transceiver apparatus 30 shown in FIG 7 are shown in Table 2, a simulation
diagram of the
radiation pattern of the antenna element may be shown in FIG 16. Antenna
pattern
roundnesses corresponding to different frequency channel numbers in FIG 16 are
shown in
Table 3. It can be learned from the foregoing simulation diagram and Table 3
that a poorest
roundness of the antenna element in the radio transceiver apparatus 30 shown
in FIG 7 within
a bandwidth range from 1.7 GHz to 2.7 GHz is 5.5 dB. The radiation pattern has
relatively
small fluctuation, so that a relatively large coverage area can be obtained,
and a
communication capability can be improved.
Table 3
Frequency Cross section roundness (dB) when
(GHz) Theta = 80
1.7 3.5
1.9 3.1
2.1 3.0
2.3 3.2
2.5 2.6
2.7 5.5
[0124] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the present
invention, the structures
of the radio transceiver apparatus 30 are all merely example descriptions. In
actual application,
the components in the radio transceiver apparatus 30 in figures such as FIG 6
to FIG 13 may
be combined or replaced, and any modification, equivalent replacement,
improvement, or the
like without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention
should fall within
the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, no further details
are provided in the
present invention.
[0125] It should be noted that the sizes of the components radio
transceiver apparatus
provided in this embodiment of the present invention are merely example
descriptions, mainly
27
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
to ensure that the antenna element obtains the standing wave ratio bandwidth
greater than
45% (VSWR < 2.5). In actual application, sizes in the radio transceiver
apparatus may be
adjusted based on a specific application scenario. This is not limited in this
embodiment of the
present invention.
[0126] The radio transceiver apparatus provided in this embodiment of the
present
invention has a simple structure and is easy to assemble. The radiation patch,
the feeding
structure, and the like may be integrally formed on the dielectric substrate,
and then installed
on the metal carrier or the shielding cover. The shielding cover may be
fastened on the metal
carrier after the carrier dielectric substrate is installed. Because the
radiation patch, the
.. feeding structure, and the like can be integrally formed on the dielectric
substrate instead of
being presented as separately formed three-dimensional structures, the radio
transceiver
apparatus has a simple structure and is easy to assemble.
10127] It should be noted that the ground pin such as the first ground
pin or the second
ground pin provided in this embodiment of the present invention can not only
provide a
.. support function, but also provide an electric conduction function (may
also be considered as
a grounding function). In actual application, a ground cable may alternatively
be used to
replace the ground pin. The ground cable can usually provide only the electric
conduction
function (may also be considered as the grounding function). A quantity of
ground pins and a
disposing location of the ground pin may be appropriately adjusted based on an
actual
.. configuration of the antenna element, such as stability or occupied space.
The quantity of
ground pins is usually one or two. For example, as shown in FIG 8, the second
ground pin
3026 is disposed on one side of the radiation patch 3022, and the feeding
structure 3021 is
disposed on the other side of the radiation patch. For another example, as
shown in FIG 9 or
FIG 10, there are two second ground pins 3026, and the two second ground pins
3026 are
symmetrically disposed on the two sides of the radiation patch 3022 and are
both connected to
the metal ground cable of the dielectric substrate 3023. The feeding structure
3021 is an
axisymmetrical structure, and an axis of symmetry of the feeding structure
3021 is coaxial
with an axis of symmetry of the two second ground pins 3026. In this way, the
roundness of
the radiation pattern can be controlled relatively easily. For still another
example, FIG 17 is a
schematic structural diagram of a radio transceiver apparatus in which one
second ground pin
28
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
3026 is disposed. As shown in FIG 8 and FIG 9, an extension segment r
connected to the
second ground pin 3026 may be disposed on the radiation patch. As shown in FIG
18 and FIG
19, the radiation patch may alternatively be directly connected to the second
ground pin 3026.
[0128] As shown in FIG 18 or FIG 19, the feeding structure 3021 is
parallel to the
mounting surface Q of the antenna element 302. The feeding structure 3021 and
the radiation
patch 3022 are printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 3023,
and the signal of
the feed is fed by the feeding structure 3021, and is coupled to the radiation
patch 3022 by
using the slot. In addition, the second ground pins 3026 are disposed on the
two sides of the
radiation patch 3022, the second ground pin 3026 connects the radiation patch
3022 to the
metal carrier 301, and the overall structure of the antenna element is
relatively independent of
the metal carrier. After size adjustment is performed for the parts, the
antenna element can
obtain the standing wave ratio bandwidth greater than 45% (VSWR < 2.5).
Moreover, within
this bandwidth range, the radiation pattern of the antenna element may obtain
relatively good
roundness performance.
[0129] It should be noted that, in the radio transceiver apparatus provided
in figures such
as FIG 6 to FIG 13 in this embodiment of the present invention, the antenna
element may
include or may not include the dielectric substrate. The dielectric substrate
is configured to
carry the radiation patch and the feeding structure. When the antenna element
includes the
dielectric substrate, the radiation patch may enable generation of the
electromagnetic
oscillation between the radiation patch and the bottom surface of the groove
by using the
dielectric substrate. When the antenna element does not include the dielectric
substrate, the
radiation patch may enable generation of the electromagnetic oscillation
between the radiation
patch and the bottom surface of the groove in another manner. For example, as
shown in FIG
6 or FIG 20, FIG 20 may be considered as a schematic structural diagram of the
antenna
element in FIG 7 without the dielectric substrate. It can be seen from FIG 20
that the
radiation patch 3022 may be supported by the second ground pin 3026, and the
feeding
structure 3021 is supported by the feed pin 3027, to ensure that the
electromagnetic oscillation
is generated between the radiation patch 3022 and the mounting surface of the
antenna
element. Optionally, the radiation patch and/or the feeding structure may be
supported by
using a plastic structure, so that the electromagnetic oscillation is
generated between the
29
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
radiation patch 3022 and the mounting surface of the antenna element. For a
structure of the
radio transceiver apparatus in another embodiment, refer to FIG 20 for an
adaptive
modification. This is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
Similarly, when
the antenna element includes the dielectric substrate, the parasitic structure
may enable
generation of the electromagnetic oscillation between the parasitic structure
and the bottom
surface of the groove by using the dielectric substrate. When the antenna
element does not
include the dielectric substrate, the parasitic structure may enable
generation of the
electromagnetic oscillation between the parasitic structure and the bottom
surface of the
groove in another manner. For example, a ground pin that supports the
parasitic structure is
disposed, or a plastic structure is used to support the parasitic structure.
No further details are
provided in this embodiment of the present invention.
[0130] As shown in FIG 20, the feeding structure 3021 is parallel to the
mounting surface
Q of the antenna element 302. The feeding structure 3021 and the radiation
patch 3022 are
printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 3023, and the signal
of the feed is fed
by the feeding structure 3021, and is coupled to the radiation patch 3022 by
using the slot. In
addition, the second ground pins 3026 are disposed on the two sides of the
radiation patch
3022, the second ground pin 3026 connects the radiation patch 3022 to the
metal carrier 301,
and the overall structure of the antenna element is relatively independent of
the metal carrier.
After size adjustment is performed for the parts, the antenna element can
obtain the standing
wave ratio bandwidth greater than 45% (VSWR < 2.5). Moreover, within this
bandwidth
range, the radiation pattern of the antenna element may obtain relatively good
roundness
performance.
[0131] In the radio transceiver apparatus provided in this embodiment of
the present
invention, both the feeding structure and the radiation patch in each of the
at least one antenna
element disposed at the edge of the metal carrier are non-centrosymmetric
structures, the
metal carrier is used as a reference ground of the antenna element, and the
metal carrier is also
non-centrosymmetric relative to each antenna element. In this case, for each
antenna element,
the distribution of the ground currents generated by the non-centrosymmetric
radiation patch
and the non-centrosymmetric reference ground may form relative centrosymmetry.
Compared
with an omnidirectional antenna element in a conventional radio transceiver
apparatus, the
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
antenna element in the radio transceiver apparatus provided in this embodiment
of the present
invention has a better antenna pattern roundness within a broadband range.
Therefore, an
antenna pattern roundness is effectively improved. In addition, because of the
improvement of
the antenna pattern roundness, uniformity of signal coverage can further be
improved, and a
coverage dead zone is prevented from appearing around the antenna element. In
addition, in
the radio transceiver apparatus provided in this embodiment of the present
invention, the
antenna element is disposed at the edge of the radio transceiver apparatus, so
that a distance
between antenna elements is long enough, and good balance is achieved between
signal
coverage of the antenna element and a correlation between the antenna
elements. Because the
radiation patch and the feeding structure of the antenna element may be
printed on the
dielectric substrate, the size of the antenna element is far less than that of
the conventional
antenna element using a same bandwidth as the antenna element. This is
beneficial to
miniaturization of an integrated antenna element module.
[0132] In this embodiment of the present invention, at least one
omnidirectional antenna
element may be installed in the radio transceiver apparatus, and each antenna
element may be
the antenna element 302 shown in any of FIG 6 to FIG 13 and FIG 17 to FIG 20.
Each
antenna element is installed in the non-central location of the metal carrier,
for example, the
edge of the metal carrier. However, to implement multi-band coverage and multi-
channel
signal transmission, at least two omnidirectional antenna elements usually
need to be installed
in the radio transceiver apparatus. In the at least two omnidirectional
antenna elements, one
antenna element may be the antenna element shown in FIG 1, and is installed in
the central
location of the metal carrier; another antenna element may be the antenna
element 302 shown
in any of FIG 6 to FIG 13 and FIG 17 to FIG 20, and is installed in the non-
central location
of the metal carrier, which is usually the edge of the metal carrier.
Alternatively, each of the at
least two omnidirectional antenna elements may be the antenna element 302
shown in any of
FIG 6 to FIG 13 and FIG 17 to FIG 20, and is installed in the non-central
location of the
metal carrier. Therefore, at least one antenna element is installed at the
edge of the metal
carrier.
[0133] An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna
element. The antenna
element may be the antenna element 302 shown in any of FIG 6 to FIG 13 and FIG
17 to FIG
31
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
20. The antenna element may be installed on a metal carrier, or may be
installed on another
structure having a metal surface, for example, on a vehicle. In this
embodiment of the present
invention, an example in which the antenna element is installed on the metal
carrier is used
for description. The antenna element includes:
a feeding structure and a radiation patch, where
both the feeding structure and the radiation patch are non-centrosymmetric
structures; and
power is fed to the radiation patch by using the feeding structure, and the
radiation
patch is grounded.
[0134] In this embodiment of the present invention, both the radiation
patch and the
feeding structure of the antenna element are non-centrosymmetric structures,
so that when the
antenna element is not disposed in a central location of the metal carrier, a
high-roundness
feature of the antenna element can still be ensured, and general applicability
of the antenna
element is improved.
[0135] Optionally, there is a slot between the feeding structure and the
radiation patch,
and coupled feeding is implemented between the feeding structure and the
radiation patch by
using the slot.
[0136] In the antenna element provided in this embodiment of the present
invention,
coupled feeding is implemented between the feeding structure and the radiation
patch by
using the slot. This can effectively extend a bandwidth of the antenna
element.
[0137] Optionally, the feeding structure may have a plurality of forms:
[0138] In a first possible implementation, the feeding structure is an E-
shaped structure,
the E-shaped structure is formed by a first vertical bar structure and three
first horizontal bar
structures with one ends disposed on the first vertical bar structure at
intervals, an opening of
.. the E-shaped structure faces away from the radiation patch, a length of a
first horizontal bar
structure located in the middle of the E-shaped structure is greater than
lengths of the other
two first horizontal bar structures, the other end of the first horizontal bar
structure located in
the middle of the E-shaped structure is connected to a feed of the metal
carrier, and the slot is
formed between the first vertical bar structure and the radiation patch.
[0139] In a second possible implementation, the feeding structure is a T-
shaped structure,
32
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
the T-shaped structure is formed by a second vertical bar structure and one
second horizontal
bar structure with one end extending outwards from a middle part of the second
vertical bar
structure, the other end of the second horizontal bar structure is connected
to a feed of the
metal carrier, and the slot is formed between the second vertical bar
structure and the radiation
patch.
[0140] In a third possible implementation, the feeding structure is an
integrated structure
formed by an arc-shaped structure and a bar structure, one end of the bar
structure is
connected to a feed of the metal carrier, and the other end of the bar
structure is connected to
the arc-shaped structure; an arc-shaped opening is disposed on one side that
is near the
feeding structure and that is of the radiation patch, the arc-shaped structure
is located in the
arc-shaped opening, and the slot is formed between the arc-shaped structure
and the
arc-shaped opening.
[0141] In a fourth possible implementation, the feeding structure is an
arc-shaped bar
structure, an external side of the feeding structure is connected to a feed of
the metal carrier,
and the slot is formed between the radiation patch and an internal side of the
feeding
structure.
[0142] Optionally, the feeding structure is parallel to a mounting
surface of the antenna
element, the feeding structure is connected to the feed of the metal carrier
by using a feed pin,
and the feed pin is perpendicular to the mounting surface of the antenna
element.
[0143] The feed pin can not only support the feeding structure, but also
implement
effective feeding of the feeding structure.
[0144] Further, the antenna element further includes a dielectric
substrate, and both the
radiation patch and the feeding structure are disposed on the dielectric
substrate.
[0145] The dielectric substrate can effectively carry the radiation patch
and the feeding
structure, and ensure that a slot is generated between the radiation patch and
the mounting
surface of the antenna element, thereby implementing electromagnetic
oscillation between the
radiation patch and the mounting surface of the antenna element.
[0146] Optionally, the antenna element further includes a parasitic
structure.
[0147] The parasitic structure is located on a surface parallel to the
mounting surface of
the antenna element, and the parasitic structure is grounded. The bandwidth of
the antenna
33
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
element can be further extended through addition of the parasitic structure.
[0148] Optionally, there is a slot between the parasitic structure and
the radiation patch,
and coupled feeding is implemented between the parasitic structure and the
radiation patch by
using the slot. Coupled feeding is implemented between the parasitic structure
and the
radiation patch by using the slot, so that extension of the bandwidth of the
antenna element
can be effectively ensured under a premise that the antenna element has a
relatively small
size.
[0149] On a basis that the antenna element includes the parasitic
structure, optionally, the
antenna element further includes:
a first ground pin, where one end of the first ground pin is connected to the
parasitic structure, and the other end of the first ground pin is connected to
the metal carrier;
the first ground pin is perpendicular to the mounting surface of the antenna
element, and the
parasitic structure is grounded by using the metal carrier.
[0150] Optionally, the antenna element further includes:
a second ground pin, where one end of the second ground pin is connected to
the
radiation patch, and the other end of the second ground pin is connected to
the metal carrier;
the second ground pin is perpendicular to the mounting surface of the antenna
element, and
the radiation patch is grounded by using the metal carrier.
[0151] In a possible implementation, the second ground pin is disposed on
one side of the
radiation patch, and the feeding structure is disposed on the other side of
the radiation patch.
[0152] In another possible implementation, there are two second ground
pins, and the two
second ground pins are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the radiation
patch.
[0153] In actual application, the feeding structure is an axisymmetrical
structure, and an
axis of symmetry of the feeding structure is coaxial with an axis of symmetry
of the two
second ground pins.
[0154] Optionally, the parasitic structure is a non-centrosymmetric
structure. The
radiation patch, the feeding structure, and the parasitic structure are all
non-centrosymmetric
structures, so that when the antenna element is not disposed in the central
location of the
metal carrier, the high-roundness feature of the antenna element can still be
ensured, and
general applicability of the antenna element is improved.
34
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
[0155] For example, the parasitic structure is a fan-shaped structure,
the radiation patch is
a semi-annular structure, and a center of the radiation patch and a center of
the parasitic
structure are located on a same side of the radiation patch.
[0156] It may be clearly understood by a person skilled in the art that,
for the purpose of
convenient and brief description, for a specific structure of the antenna
element described
above, reference may be made to the corresponding structure of the antenna
element 302 in
the foregoing radio transceiver apparatus, and details are not repeated
herein.
[0157] An embodiment of the present invention provides a base station.
The base station
may include at least one radio transceiver module provided in the embodiments
of the present
invention. When the base station includes at least two radio transceiver
modules, each radio
transceiver module may be any radio transceiver apparatus in the foregoing
embodiments
provided in the present invention. The base station is usually an indoor base
station. The base
station using the radio transceiver apparatus 30 in the embodiments of the
present invention
has features of wide operating band and good omnidirectional performance. The
base station
may be installed in a stadium or a shopping venue, and is configured to
implement
omnidirectional coverage of a radio signal in an indoor area.
[0158] A person of ordinary skill in the art may understand that all or
some of the steps of
the embodiments may be implemented by hardware or a program instructing
related hardware.
The program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The storage
medium
may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk, an optical disc, or the like.
[0159] The foregoing descriptions are merely example embodiments of the
present
invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. Any
modification, equivalent
replacement, and improvement made without departing from the spirit and
principle of the
present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present
invention.
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-05
