Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
=
CARROT VARIETY NUN 85936 CAC
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of plant breeding and, more
specifically, to
carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC. The disclosure further relates to vegetative
reproductions of
NUN 85936 CAC, methods for tissue culture of NUN 85936 CAC and regenerating a
plant
from such a tissue culture, and also to phenotypic variants of NUN 85936 CAC.
[0002] The goal of vegetable breeding is to combine various desirable traits
in a single variety
or hybrid. Such desirable traits may include greater yield, resistance to
diseases, insects or
other pests, tolerance to heat and drought, better agronomic quality, higher
nutritional value,
enhanced growth rate and improved root properties.
[0003] Breeding techniques take advantage of a plant's method of pollination.
There are two
general methods of pollination: a plant self-pollinates if pollen from one
flower is transferred
to the same or another flower of the same genotype. A plant cross-pollinates
if pollen comes
to it from a flower of a different genotype. Plants that have been self-
pollinated and selected
for (uniform) type over many generations become homozygous at almost all gene
loci and
produce a uniform population of true breeding progeny of homozygous plants. A
cross
between two such homozygous plants of different lines produces a uniform
population of
hybrid plants that are heterozygous for many gene loci. The extent of
heterozygosity in the
hybrid is a function of the genetic distance between the parents. Conversely,
a cross of two
plants each heterozygous at a number of loci produces a segregating population
of hybrid
plants that differ genetically and are not uniform. The resulting non-
uniformity makes
performance unpredictable.
[0004] The development of uniform varieties requires the development of
homozygous inbred
plants, the crossing of these inbred plants to make hybrids, optionally three-
way hybrids, and
the evaluation of the hybrids resulting from the crosses. Pedigree breeding
and recurrent
selection are examples of breeding methods that have been used to develop
inbred plants from
breeding populations. Those breeding methods combine the genetic backgrounds
from two or
more plants or various other broad-based sources into breeding pools from
which new lines
are developed by selfing and selection of desired phenotypes. The new plants
are evaluated to
determine which have commercial potential.
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[0005] One crop species which has been subject to such breeding programs and
is of
particular value is the carrot. Carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus), is a
biennial plant that
grows a rosette of leaves in the spring and summer, while building up the
stout taproot, which
stores large amounts of sugars for the plant to flower in the second year. The
flowering stem
grows several decimeters (e.g., 60-200 cm) tall, with an umbel of white
flowers that produce
a fruit called a mericarp.
[0006] Carrot is grown as a root vegetable, usually orange in color, though
purple, red, white,
cream, and yellow varieties exist. It has a crisp texture when fresh. The most
commonly eaten
part of a carrot is the root, although the greens are edible as well. It is a
domesticated form of
the wild carrot Daucus carota, native to Europe and Southwestern Asia. The
domestic carrot
has been selectively bred for its greatly enlarged and more palatable, less
woody-textured
edible taproot. Carrots are primarily consumed fresh as snack food, raw
vegetable or as salad
ingredient. Carrots are also popular as cooking vegetable and can be frozen
and juiced.
[0007] United States is one of the largest carrot producers in the world.
Between 1994 and
2014, an average production of 1.4 million pounds of carrots were produced in
the United
States (Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)). Carrots are grown year-round
in the
United States with the highest volume coming from California from December to
August.
[0008] While breeding efforts to date have provided a number of useful carrot
varieties with
beneficial traits, there remains a great need in the art for new varieties
with further improved
traits. Such plants would benefit farmers and consumers alike by improving
crop yields and/or
quality. Some breeding objectives include varying the color, size and shape of
the root,
disease or pest resistance, yield, suitability to various climatic
circumstances, and storage
properties.
SUMMARY OF THE VARIOUS ASPECTS OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0009] The disclosure provides for a carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, products
thereof, and
methods of using the same. NUN 85936 CAC is an Imperator carrot variety for
the cut and
peel market segment and is suitable for the open field.
[0010] In an aspect, the disclosure provides a seed of carrot variety NUN
85936 CAC,
wherein a representative sample of said seed has been deposited under
Accession Number
NCIMB 43440. The disclosure also provides for a plurality of seeds of NUN
85936 CAC. The
carrot seed of NUN 85936 CAC may be provided as an essentially homogeneous
population
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of carrot seed. The population of seed of NUN 85936 CAC may be particularly
defined as
being essentially free from other seed. The seed population may be grown into
plants to
provide an essentially homogeneous population of carrot plants as described
herein.
[0011] The disclosure also provides a plant grown from a seed of carrot
variety NUN 85936
CAC and a plant part thereof. In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a
hybrid carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC. The disclosure also provides for a progeny of carrot
variety NUN
85936 CAC. In another aspect, the disclosure provides a plant or a progeny
retaining all or all
but one, two or three of the "distinguishing characteristics" or all or all
but one, two or three
of the "morphological and physiological characteristics" of carrot variety NUN
85936 CAC,
and methods for producing that plant or progeny.
[0012] In an aspect, the disclosure provides a plant or a progeny having all
the physiological
and morphological characteristics of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC when grown
under the
same environmental conditions. In another aspect, the plant or such progeny
has all or all but
one, two, or three of the physiological and morphological characteristics of
carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC when measured under the same environmental conditions and e.g.,
evaluated at significance levels of 1%, 5% or 10% significance (which can also
be expressed
as p-value) for quantitative characteristics, wherein a representative sample
of seed of carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC has been deposited under Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
In
another aspect, the plant or progeny has all or all but one or three of the
physiological and
morphological characteristics as listed in Tables 1 and 2 of carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC,
when grown under the same environmental conditions and e.g., evaluated at
significance
levels of 1%, 5% or 10% significance (which can also be expressed as a p-
value) for
quantitative characteristics.
[0013] In another aspect, a plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC or progeny
thereof has
18, 19 or more or all of the distinguishing characteristics as shown in Table
3: 1) shorter plant
top height; 2) thicker plant top neck diameter; 3) shorter blade length
without petiole; 4)
longer petiole length from crown to 1st leaf division; 5) longer root length
minus taproot; 6)
longer taproot length; 7) thinner root diameter at midpoint; 8) thinner root
diameter at
shoulder; 9) lighter root weight; 10) thinner cortex (phloem) at midpoint
cross-section; 11)
thinner core (xylem) at midpoint cross-section; 12) higher sugar content; 13)
an olive green
leaf blade color; 14) smoother root surface; 15) less prominent secondary root
scars; 16) faint
halo; 17) faint zoning; 18) lighter orange below ground root shoulder color;
19) stronger
orange below ground root skin color; and 20) orange root cross section phloem
color.
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. .
, [0014] In other aspects, the disclosure provides for a plant part
obtained from carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC, wherein said plant part is: a root, or a part of a root, a
harvested root, a root
tip, a fruit, a part of a fruit, a leaf, a part of a leaf, pollen, an ovule, a
cell, a petiole, a shoot or
a part thereof, a stem or a part thereof, a cutting, a seed, a part of a seed,
seed coat or another
maternal tissue which is part of a seed grown on said varieties, hypocotyl,
cotyledon, a pistil,
an anther, and a flower or a part thereof. Roots are particularly important
plant parts. In
another aspect, the plant part obtained from carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC is a
cell,
optionally a cell in a cell or tissue culture. That cell may be grown into a
plant of carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC.
[0015] The disclosure also provides a cell culture of carrot variety NUN 85936
CAC and a
plant regenerated from carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, which plant has all the
characteristics
of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, when grown under the same environmental
conditions, as
well as methods for culturing and regenerating carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC.
Alternatively,
a regenerated plant may have one characteristic that is different from carrot
variety NUN
85936 CAC.
[0016] The disclosure further provides a vegetatively propagated plant of
variety NUN 85936
CAC is provided having all or all but one, two or three of the morphological
and
physiological characteristics of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, when grown
under the same
environmental conditions.
[0017] The disclosure furthermore provides a carrot root produced on a plant
grown from a
seed of NUN 85936 CAC.
[0018] In another aspect, the disclosure provides a seed growing or grown on a
plant of carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC (i.e., produced after pollination of the flower of
carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC).
[0019] The invention as claimed relates to:
1. A cell of carrot plant variety NUN 85936 CAC, or cell of a part thereof,
wherein a
representative sample of seed of said carrot variety is deposited under
Accession Number
NCIMB 43440.
2. A cell of a seed of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, wherein a
representative sample of
seed of said carrot variety is deposited under Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
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. .
, . ,
,
3. A cell of a plant or cell of a part thereof, produced by growing the seed
as defined in
embodiment 2.
4. A cell of a seed that produces the plant as defined in embodiment 1.
5. A cell of a plant part of embodiment 1, wherein the plant part is a
leaf, pollen, an ovule, a
fruit, a root, a taproot, a cutting, or a flower.
6. The cell of a plant part of embodiment 5, wherein the plant part is a
root or a part thereof.
7. A cell of a carrot plant having all of the physiological and
morphological characteristics
of the carrot plant as defined in embodiment 1.
8. A cell of a carrot plant or a part thereof which does not differ from
the physiological and
morphological characteristics of the plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC
listed in
Tables 1 and 2, when the numerical characteristics are determined at the 5%
significance
level for plants grown under the same environmental conditions, and wherein a
representative sample of seed of said carrot variety is deposited under
Accession Number
NCIMB 43440.
9. A tissue or cell culture of regenerable cells of the plant as defined in
embodiment 1.
10. The tissue or cell culture according to embodiment 9, comprising cells or
protoplasts
from a plant part, wherein the plant part is an embryo of NUN 85936 CAC, a
meristem, a
cotyledon, a hypocotyl, a seed coat, a leaf, an anther, a root, a root tip, a
taproot, a pistil, a
petiole, a flower, a fruit, a seed of NUN 85936 CAC, a stem, or a stalk.
11. A cell of a carrot plant regenerated from the tissue or cell culture of
embodiment 9,
wherein the plant has all of the physiological and morphological
characteristics of the
plant of variety NUN 85936 CAC, when the numerical characteristics are
determined at
the 5% significance level for plants grown under the same environmental
conditions, and
wherein a representative sample of seed of carrot variety is deposited under
Accession
Number NCIMB 43440.
12. A cell of a carrot plant produced by vegetative propagation of at least a
part of carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC, wherein a representative sample of seed of said carrot
variety
is deposited under Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
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13. The cell of embodiment 12, wherein said vegetative propagation comprises
regenerating
a whole plant from said part of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, wherein a
representative
sample of seed of said carrot variety is deposited under Accession Number
NCIMB
43440.
14. The cell of embodiment 12, wherein said part is a cutting, a cell culture,
or a tissue
culture.
15. A cell of a vegetatively propagated carrot plant, or a cell of a part
thereof, wherein the
plant has all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of the
plant of carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC, when the numerical characteristics are determined at
the 5%
significance level for plants grown under the same environmental conditions,
and
wherein a representative sample of seed of carrot variety is deposited under
Accession
Number NCIMB 43440.
16. A cell of a carrot plant, wherein said carrot plant is produced by a
method comprising
crossing the plant of embodiment 1 as defined in embodiment 1 with a second
carrot
plant at least once, and selecting a progeny carrot plant from said crossing
and optionally
allowing the progeny carrot plant to form seed, wherein said progeny has all
of the
physiological and morphological characteristics of the plant of variety NUN
85936 CAC
when grown under the same environmental conditions, and wherein a
representative
sample of seed of carrot variety is deposited under Accession Number NCIMB
43440.
17. A cell of a carrot plant, wherein said carrot plant is produced by a
method comprising
selfing a plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC one or more times, and
selecting a
progeny carrot plant from said selfing, wherein said progeny has all of the
physiological
and morphological characteristics of the plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC
when
grown under the same environmental conditions, and wherein a representative
sample of
seed of carrot variety is deposited under Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
18. A cell of a progeny plant as defined in embodiment 1 produced by a method
comprising
selfing or cross-pollinating carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC with another carrot
plant,
wherein said progeny has all has all of the physiological and morphological
characteristics of the plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC when grown under
the
same environmental conditions, and wherein a representative sample of seed of
carrot
variety is deposited under Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
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19. A cell of a carrot plant, wherein said carrot plant is produced by a
method comprising
crossing carrot plants and harvesting the resultant seed, wherein at least one
carrot plant
is carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, wherein a representative sample of seed of
carrot
variety is deposited under Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
20. A cell of a carrot plant having one physiological or morphological
characteristic which is
different from those of the plant as defined in embodiment 1, and which
otherwise has all
the physiological and morphological characteristics of the plant of carrot
variety NUN
85936 CAC, when the numerical characteristics are determined at the 5%
significance
level for plants grown under the same environmental conditions, and wherein a
representative sample of seed of said carrot variety is deposited under
Accession Number
NCIMB 43440.
21. A cell of a single locus converted plant as defined in embodiment 1,
wherein the plant
has otherwise all of the morphological and physiological characteristics of
the plant of
carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, wherein the single locus conversion is
introduced by
genetic transformation, and wherein a representative sample of seed of said
carrot variety
is deposited under Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
22. The plant cell of embodiment 21, wherein the single locus conversion
confers male
sterility, herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, pest resistance, disease
resistance,
environmental stress tolerance, modified carbohydrate metabolism, modified
protein
metabolism, or ripening.
23. A cell of a doubled haploid carrot plant produced by a method of making
double haploid
cells from haploid cells made from the plant or the seed as defined in
embodiment 1 by
chromosome doubling, wherein a representative sample of seed of carrot variety
NUN
85936 CAC is deposited under Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
24. A cell of a carrot plant produced by a method comprising obtaining a plant
defined in
embodiment 1, wherein the plant has been cultivated to maturity, and
collecting the root
from the plant.
25. A method comprising packaging seed as defined in embodiment 2 in a
container.
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26. A method comprising packaging a carrot root or a part thereof as defined
in
embodiment 6 in a container.
27. A method comprising packaging a carrot root or a part thereof as defined
in embodiment
24 in a container.
28. Use of a carrot root or a part thereof as defined in embodiment 6 as a
food, a feed, or a
processed product, or to produce a food, a feed, or a processed product.
29. A cell of a carrot plant having a trait, wherein the plant is produced by
a method
comprising mutating a carrot plant of variety NUN 85936 CAC and selecting a
mutated
plant with a different trait, wherein the mutated plant otherwise retains all
of the
physiological and morphological characteristics of carrot variety NUN 85936
CAC, when
grown under the same environmental conditions and contains the different
trait, and
wherein a representative sample of seed of said carrot variety is deposited
under
Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
30. The cell of embodiment 29, wherein the desired trait is male sterility,
herbicide tolerance,
pest resistance, environmental stress tolerance, modified carbohydrate
metabolism,
modified protein metabolism, or ripening.
31. A cell of a carrot plant, wherein said carrot plant is produced by a
method comprising
transforming a plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC with a transgene that
confers a
desired trait, wherein the transformed plant otherwise retains all of the
physiological and
morphological characteristics of the plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC,
and
wherein a representative sample of seed of said carrot variety is deposited
under
Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
32. The cell of embodiment 31, wherein the desired trait is male sterility,
herbicide tolerance,
pest resistance, environmental stress tolerance, modified carbohydrate
metabolism,
modified protein metabolism, or ripening.
33. Use of a carrot plant variety NUN 85936, or a part thereof, for producing
seed, a crop, a
food product, or a feed product, wherein a representative sample of seed of
said carrot
variety is deposited under Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
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34. Use of a seed of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, for producing carrot
plants, wherein a
representative sample of seed of said carrot variety is deposited under
Accession Number
NCIMB 43440.
35. Use of a seed from a container of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, for
producing carrot
plants, wherein a representative sample of seed of said carrot variety is
deposited under
Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
36. Use of a carrot plant variety NUN 85936 CAC, for carrot root production,
wherein a
representative sample of seed of said carrot variety is deposited under
Accession Number
NCIMB 43440.
37. Use of a carrot plant having all of the physiological and morphological
characteristics of
the carrot plant as defined in embodiment 1 for producing seed, a crop, a food
product, or
a feed product.
38. Use of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC to cross with another carrot plant and
optionally
select a progeny carrot plant from said crossing, wherein a representative
sample of seed
of said carrot variety is deposited under Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
39. Use, for producing seed, a crop, a food product, or a feed product, of a
carrot plant
regenerated from the tissue or cell culture of embodiment 9, wherein the plant
has all of
the physiological and morphological characteristics of carrot variety NUN
85936 CAC,
when the numerical characteristics are determined at 5% significance level for
plants
grown under the same environmental conditions, and wherein a representative
sample of
seed of said carrot variety is deposited under Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
40. Use of a vegetatively propagated plant to produce seed, a crop, a food
product, or a feed
product, wherein the plant has all of the physiological and morphological
characteristics
of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, when the numerical characteristics are
determined at
5% significance level for plants grown under the same environmental
conditions, and
wherein a representative sample of seed of said carrot variety is deposited
under
Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
41. Use, for producing seed, a crop, a food product, or a feed product, of a
carrot plant
produced by crossing a plant as defined in embodiment 1 with a second carrot
plant at
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CA 3054025 2019-09-04
least once, and selecting a progeny carrot plant from said crossing and
optionally
allowing the progeny carrot plant to form seed, wherein said the progeny has
all of the
physiological and morphological characteristics of carrot variety NUN 85936
CAC when
grown under the same environmental conditions, and wherein a representative
sample of
seed of said carrot variety is deposited under Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
42. Use, for producing seed, a crop, a food product, or a feed product, of a
carrot plant having
one physiological or morphological characteristic which is different from
those of the
plant as defined in embodiment 1, and which otherwise has all of the
physiological and
morphological characteristics of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, when the
numerical
characteristics are determined at the 5% significance level for plants grown
under the
same environmental conditions, and wherein a representative sample of seed of
said
carrot variety is deposited under Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
43. Use, for producing seed, a crop, a food product, or a feed product, of a
single locus
converted plant, wherein said plant otherwise has all of the physiological and
morphological characteristics of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, wherein the
single
locus conversion is introduced by genetic transformation, wherein a
representative
sample of seed of said carrot variety is deposited under Accession Number
NCIMB
43440.
44. The use of embodiment 43, wherein the single locus conversion confers male
sterility,
herbicide tolerance, pest resistance, environmental stress resistance,
modified
carbohydrate metabolism, modified protein metabolism, or ripening.
45. Use, for producing seed, a crop, a food product, or a feed product, of a
doubled haploid of
carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC produced by making double haploid cells from
haploid
cells made from the plant or the seed as defined in embodiment 1 by chromosome
doubling, wherein a representative sample of seed of said carrot variety has
been
deposited under Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
46. Use, for producing seed, a crop, a food product, or a feed product, of a
carrot plant having
a trait, wherein the carrot plant is produced by mutating a carrot plant of
variety
NUN 85936 CAC and selecting a mutated plant with a different trait, wherein
the
mutated plant retains all of the physiological and morphological
characteristics of carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC, when grown under the same environmental conditions and
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
contains the different trait, wherein a representative sample of seed of said
carrot variety
has been deposited under Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
47. The use of embodiment 46, wherein the desired trait is male sterility,
herbicide tolerance,
pest resistance, environmental stress resistance, modified carbohydrate
metabolism,
modified protein metabolism, or ripening.
DEFINITIONS
[0020] "Carrot" refers herein to plants of the species Daucus carota. The most
commonly
eaten part of a carrot is the root.
[0021] "Cultivated carrot" refers to plants of Daucus carota (e.g., varieties,
breeding lines or
cultivars of the species D. carota, as well as crossbreds thereof, or
crossbreds with other
Daucus carota species), cultivated by humans and having good agronomic
characteristics.
[0022] "Imperator carrot" refers to long tapered carrots that store well.
[0023] The terms "carrot plant designated NUN 85936 CAC", "NUN 85936 CAC",
"NUN 85936", "NUN 85936F1", "85936 CAC" or "carrot 85936" are used
interchangeably
herein and refer to a carrot plant of variety NUN 85936 CAC, representative
seed has been
deposited under Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
[0024] A "seed of NUN 85936 CAC" refers to a carrot seed which can be grown
into a plant
of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, wherein a representative sample of viable
seed of carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC has been deposited under Accession Number NCIMB 43440. A
seed can be in any stage of maturity, for example, a mature, viable seed, or
an immature, non-
viable seed. A seed comprises an embryo and maternal tissues.
[0025] An "embryo of NUN 85936 CAC" refers to an "Fl hybrid embryo" as present
in a
seed of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, a representative sample of said seed of
carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC has been deposited under Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
[0026] A "seed grown on NUN 85936 CAC" refers to a seed grown on a mature
plant of
carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC or inside a fruit of NUN 85936 CAC. The "seed
grown on
NUN 85936 CAC" contains tissues and DNA of the maternal parent, NUN 85936 CAC.
The
"seed grown on NUN 85936 CAC" contains an F2 embryo. When said seed is
planted, it
grows into a first generation progeny plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC.
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=
[0027] An "essentially homogeneous population of carrot plants" is a
population of plants
where at least 97%, 98%, 99% or more of the total population of plants are
plants of carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC.
[0028] The phrase "essentially free from other seed" refers to a population of
seed where less
than 3%, 2%, 1% or less of the total population of seed is seed that is not a
carrot seed or, in
another aspect, less than 3%, 2%, 1% or less of the total population of seed
is seed that is not
seed of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC.
[0029] "Tissue culture" or "cell culture" refers to a composition comprising
isolated cells of
the same or a different type or a collection of such cells organized into
parts of a plant. Tissue
culture of various tissues of carrot and regeneration of plants therefrom is
well known and
widely published (see, e.g., Amholdt-Schmitt et al., 1995 Theor Appl Genet
(1995)
91:809-815; Larkin and Scowcroft, (1981) Theor. Appl. Genet. 60, 197-214).
Similarly, the
methods of preparing cell cultures are known in the art.
[0030] "USDA descriptors" are the plant variety descriptors described for
carrot in the
"Objective description of Variety - Carrot (Daucus carota)," as published by
U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service, Science and Technology, Plant
Variety
Protection Office, Beltsville, MD 20705. "Non-USDA descriptors" are other
descriptors
suitable for describing carrot.
[0031] "UPOV descriptors" are the plant variety descriptors described for
carrot in the
"Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and
Stability, TG/49/8
(Geneva 2007, last updated in 2015-03-25), as published by UPOV (International
Union for
the Protection of New Varieties and Plants). Likewise, "UPOV methods" to
determine
specific parameters for the characterization of carrot are described at
upov.int.
[0032] "RHS" refers to the Royal Horticultural Society (UK), which publishes
an official
botanical color chart quantitatively identifying colors according to a defined
numbering
system. The chart may be purchased from Royal Horticulture Society Enterprise
Ltd RI-IS
Garden; Wisley, Woking; Surrey GU236QB, UK, e.g., the RHS color chart: 2007.
[0033] "Plant part" includes any part of a plant, such as a plant organ (e.g.,
harvested or non-
harvested roots), a plant cell, a plant protoplast, a plant cell tissue
culture or a tissue culture
from which a whole plant can be regenerated, a plant cell that is intact in a
plant, a clone, a
micropropagation, plant callus, a plant cell clump, a plant transplant, a
vegetative propagation,
a seedling, or a part of a plant (e.g., harvested tissues or organs), such as
a root, or a part of a
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root, a harvested root, a root tip, a fruit, a harvested fruit, a part of a
fruit, a leaf, a part of a
leaf, pollen, an ovule, an embryo, a petiole, a shoot or a part thereof, a
stem or a part thereof, a
cutting, a seed, a part of a seed, seed coat or another maternal tissue,
hypocotyl, cotyledon, a
pistil, an anther, and a flower or parts of any of these and the like. Seed
can be mature or
immature. Pollen or ovules may be viable or non-viable. Also, any
developmental stage is
included, such as seedlings, cuttings prior or after rooting, mature plants or
leaves.
Alternatively, a plant part may also include a plant seed which comprises
maternal tissues of
carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, and an embryo having one or two sets of
chromosomes
derived from the parent plant, e.g., from carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC. Such
an embryo
comprises two sets of chromosomes derived from carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC,
if it
produced from self-pollination of said variety, while an embryo derived from
cross-
fertilization of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC will comprise only one set of
chromosomes
from said variety.
[0034] "Reference Variety" for NUN 85936 CAC refers herein to variety PS 1441,
a
commercial variety from Seminis, which has been planted in a trial together
with carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC. The characteristics of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC
were
compared to the characteristics of variety PS 1441 as shown in Tables 1 and 2.
The
distinguishing characteristics between carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC and the
Reference
Variety are shown in Table 3.
[0035] "Harvest maturity" refers to the stage at which a carrot root is ready
for harvest or the
optimal time to harvest the root for the market, for processing or for
consumption. In one
aspect, harvest maturity is the stage suitable for producing baby carrots.
[0036] "Harvested plant material" refers herein to plant parts (e.g., roots
removed from the
soil in which they were growing) which have been collected for further storage
and/or further
use.
[0037] "Yield" means the total weight of all carrot roots harvested per
hectare of a particular
line or variety. It is understood that "yield" expressed as weight of all
carrots harvested per
hectare can be obtained by multiplying the number of plants per hectare times
the "yield per
plant".
[0038] "Marketable yield" means the total weight of all marketable carrot
roots, especially
roots that are not split, damaged or diseased, harvested per hectare of a
particular line or
variety.
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CA 3054025 2019-09-04
[0039] "Refractometer % of soluble solids" refers to the percentage of soluble
solids in juice
of pureed roots (mainly sugar), as defined by the USDA. It is also expressed
as Brix and
indicates sweetness in the roots of carrot. Brix can be measured using a Brix
meter (also
known as Refractometer).
[0040] "Uniform throughout the root" refers to a characteristic such as color
being identical
throughout the entire plant part (e.g., throughout the root when it is cut in
half).
[0041] A plant having "all the physiological and morphological
characteristics" of a referred-
to-plant means a plant showing the physiological and morphological
characteristics of the
referred-to-plant when grown under the same environmental conditions,
preferably in the
same experiment; the referred-to-plant can be a plant from which it was
derived, e.g., the
progenitor plant, the parent, the recurrent parent, the plant used for tissue-
or cell culture, etc.
A physiological or morphological characteristic can be a numerical
characteristic or a non-
numerical characteristic. In one aspect, a plant has "all but one, two or
three of the
physiological and morphological characteristics" of a referred-to-plant, or
"all the
physiological and morphological characteristics" of Tables 1 and 2 or "all or
all but one, two
or three of the physiological and morphological characteristics" of Tables 1
and 2.
[0042] The physiological and/or morphological characteristics mentioned above
are
commonly evaluated at significance levels of 1%, 5% or 10% if they are
numerical
(quantitative), or for having an identical degree (or type) if not numerical,
if measured under
the same environmental conditions. For example, a progeny plant or a Single
Locus
Converted plant or a mutated plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC may have
one or more
(or all) of the essential physiological and/or morphological characteristics
of said variety
listed in Tables 1 and 2, as determined at the 5% significance level (i.e., p
< 0.05), when
grown under the same environmental conditions.
[0043] "Distinguishing characteristics" or "distinguishing morphological
and/or physiological
characteristics" refers herein to the characteristics which distinguish the
new variety from the
other carrot varieties, such as the Reference Variety (i.e., are different),
when grown under the
same environmental conditions. The distinguishing characteristics between
carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC and the Reference Variety are described elsewhere herein and
also can be
seen in Tables 1 and 2. When comparing carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC to other
varieties,
the distinguishing characteristics may be different. In one aspect, the
distinguishing
characteristics may therefore include at least one, two, three or more (or
all) of the
14
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
. .
, ,
characteristics listed in Tables 1 and 2. All numerical distinguishing
characteristics are
statistically significantly different at p < 0.05 between carrot variety NUN
85936 CAC and
the other variety (e.g., Reference Variety).
[0044] Carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC has the following distinguishing
characteristics when
compared to the Reference Variety as shown in Table 3: 1) shorter plant top
height; 2) thicker
plant top neck diameter; 3) shorter blade length without petiole; 4) longer
petiole length from
crown to 1st leaf division; 5) longer root length minus taproot; 6) longer
taproot length; 7)
thinner root diameter at midpoint; 8) thinner root diameter at shoulder; 9)
lighter root weight;
10) thinner cortex (phloem) at midpoint section; 11) thinner core (xylem) at
midpoint cross-
section; 12) higher sugar content; 13) an olive green leaf blade color; 14)
smoother root
surface; 15) less prominent secondary root scars; 16) faint halo; 17) faint
zoning; 18) lighter
orange below ground root shoulder color; 19) stronger orange below ground root
skin color;
and 20) orange root cross section phloem color, where the characteristics of
carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC are compared to the characteristics of Reference Variety, when
grown
under the same environmental conditions.
[0045] Thus, a carrot plant "comprising the distinguishing characteristics of
carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC (such as a progeny plant) refers herein to a plant which does
not differ
significantly from said variety in the distinguishing characteristics above.
Therefore, in one
aspect, the disclosure provides a plant which does not differ significantly
from carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC in the distinguishing characteristics above.
[0046] Similarity and differences between two different plant lines or
varieties can be
determined by comparing the number of morphological and/or physiological
characteristics
that are the same (i.e., statistically not significantly different) or that
are different (i.e.,
statistically significantly different) between the two plant lines or
varieties grown under the
same environmental conditions. A numerical characteristic is considered to be
"the same"
when the value for a numeric characteristic is not significantly different at
the 1% (p < 0.01)
or 5% (p <0.05) significance level, using one way Analysis of variance
(ANOVA), a standard
method known to the skilled person. Non-numerical or "degree" or "type"
characteristic is
considered "the same" when the values have the same "degree" or "type" when
scored using
USDA and/ or UPOV descriptors, if the plants are grown under the same
environmental
conditions.
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
. .
[0047] As used herein, the term "variety", "cultivated carrot" or "cultivar"
means a plant
grouping within a single botanical taxon of the lowest known rank, which
grouping,
irrespective of whether the conditions for the grant of a breeder's right are
fully met, can be
defined by the expression of the characteristics resulting from a given
genotype or
combination of genotypes, distinguished from any other plant grouping by the
expression of
at least one of the said characteristics and considered as a unit with regard
to its suitability for
being propagated unchanged.
[0048] A "plant line" is for example, a breeding line which can be used to
develop one or
more varieties. A breeding line is typically highly homozygous.
[0049] "Hybrid variety" or "Fl hybrid" refers to the seeds harvested from
crossing two inbred
(nearly homozygous) parental lines. For example, the female parent is
pollinated with pollen
of the male parent to produce hybrid (F1) seeds on the female parent.
[0050] "Regeneration" refers to the development of a plant from cell culture
or tissue culture
or vegetative propagation.
[0051] "Vegetative propagation", "vegetative reproduction" or "clonal
propagation" are used
interchangeably herein and mean a method of taking a part of a plant and
allowing that plant
part to form at least roots, and also refer to the plant or plantlet obtained
by that method.
Optionally, the vegetative propagation is grown into a mature plant. The
skilled person is
aware of what plant parts are suitable for use in the method.
[0052] "Crossing" refers to the mating of two parent plants. The term
encompasses "cross-
pollination" and "selfing".
[0053] "Selfing" refers to self-pollination of a plant, i.e., the transfer of
pollen from the anther
to the stigma of the same plant.
[0054] "Cross-pollination" refers to the fertilization by the union of two
gametes from
different plants.
[0055] As used herein, the terms "resistance" and "tolerance" are used
interchangeably to
describe plants that show no symptoms or significantly reduced symptoms to a
specified
biotic pest, pathogen, abiotic influence or environmental condition compared
to a susceptible
plant. These terms are optionally also used to describe plants showing some
symptoms but
that are still able to produce marketable product with an acceptable yield.
16
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
[0056] The term "traditional breeding techniques" encompasses herein crossing,
selfing,
selection, doubled haploid production, embryo rescue, protoplast fusion,
marker assisted
selection, mutation breeding etc. as known to the breeder (i.e., methods other
than genetic
modification/transformation/transgenic methods), by which, for example, a
genetically
heritable trait can be transferred from one carrot line or variety to another.
[0057] "Backcrossing" is a traditional breeding technique used to introduce a
trait into a plant
line or variety. The plant containing the trait is called the donor plant and
the plant into which
the trait is transferred is called the recurrent parent. An initial cross is
made between the donor
parent and the recurrent parent to produce a progeny plant. Progeny plants
which have the
trait are then crossed to the recurrent parent. After several generations of
backcrossing and/or
selfing the recurrent parent comprises the trait of the donor. The plant
generated in this way
may be referred to as a "single trait converted plant". The technique can also
be used on a
parental line of a hybrid.
[0058] "Progeny" as used herein refers to a plant obtained from a plant
designated
NUN 85936 CAC. A progeny may be obtained by regeneration of cell culture or
tissue culture
or parts of a plant of said variety or selfing of a plant of said variety or
by producing seeds of
a plant of said variety. In further aspects, progeny may also encompass plants
obtained from
crossing of at least one plant of said variety with another carrot plant of
the same variety or
another variety or (breeding) line, or with wild carrot plants. A progeny may
comprise a
mutation or a transgene. A "first generation progeny" or is the progeny
directly derived from,
obtained from, obtainable from or derivable from the parent plant by, e.g.,
traditional breeding
methods (selfing and/or cross-pollinating) or regeneration (optionally
combined with
transformation or mutation). Thus, a plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC is
the male
parent, the female parent or both of a first generation progeny of carrot
variety NUN 85936
CAC. Progeny may have all the physiological and morphological characteristics
of variety
NUN 85936 CAC when grown under the same environmental conditions. Using common
breeding methods such as backcrossing or recurrent selection, mutation or
transformation, one
or more specific characteristics may be introduced into said variety, to
provide a plant
comprising all but I, 2, or 3 or more of the morphological and physiological
characteristics of
carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC.
[0059] The terms "gene converted" or "conversion plant" or "single locus
converted plant" in
this context refer to carrot plants which are developed by traditional
breeding techniques, e.g.,
backcrossing or via genetic engineering or through mutation breeding, wherein
essentially all
17
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
of the desired morphological and physiological characteristics of the parent
variety or line are
recovered, in addition to the one or more characteristics introduced into the
parent transferred
into the parent via e.g., the backcrossing technique (optionally including
reverse breeding or
reverse synthesis of breeding lines). It is understood that only the addition
of a further
characteristics (e.g., addition of gene conferring a further characteristic,
such as a disease
resistance gene), but also the replacement/modification of an existing
characteristics by a
different characteristic is encompassed herein (e.g., mutant allele of a gene
can modify the
phenotype of a characteristic).
[0060] Likewise, a "Single Locus Converted (Conversion) Plant" refers to
plants developed
by plant breeding techniques comprising or consisting of mutation and/or by
genetic
transformation and/or by traditional breeding techniques, such as
backcrossing, wherein
essentially all of the desired morphological and physiological characteristics
of a carrot
variety are recovered in addition to the characteristics of the single locus
having been
transferred into the variety via the backcrossing technique, or wherein the
morphological and
physiological characteristic of the variety has been replaced/modified in the
variety. In case of
a hybrid, the gene may be introduced in the male or female parental line.
[0061] "Average" refers herein to the arithmetic mean.
[0062] The term "mean" refers to the arithmetic mean of several measurements.
The skilled
person understands that the appearance of a plant depends to some extent on
the growing
conditions of said plant. Thus, the skilled person understands suitable
growing conditions for
carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC. The mean, if not indicated otherwise within this
application,
refers to the arithmetic mean of measurements on at least 10 different,
randomly selected
plants of a variety or line.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS ASPECTS OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0063] The disclosure relates to a plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC,
wherein a
representative sample of seeds of said carrot variety has been deposited under
the Budapest
Treaty, with Accession number NCIMB 43440. NUN 85936 CAC is an Imperator
carrot
variety for the cut and peel market segment and is suitable for the open
field.
[0064] The disclosure relates to a seed of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC,
wherein a
representative sample of said seed has been deposited under the Budapest
Treaty, with
Accession number NCIMB 43440.
18
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
[0065] In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a carrot plant part of
variety NUN 85936
CAC, preferably a root, a representative sample of seed from said variety has
been deposited
under the Budapest Treaty, with Accession number NCIMB 43440.
[0066] In another aspect, a seed of hybrid carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC is
obtainable by
crossing the male parent of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC with the female
parent of carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC and harvesting the seeds produced on the female parent.
The
resultant seeds of said variety can be grown to produce plants of said
variety. In one aspect, a
seed or a plurality of seeds of said variety are packaged into a container of
any size or type
(e.g., bags, cartons, cans, etc.). The seed may be disinfected, primed and/or
treated with
various compounds, such as seed coatings or crop protection compounds. The
seed produces
a plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC.
[0067] Also provided is a plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, or a root or
other plant
part thereof, produced from a seed, wherein a representative sample of said
seeds has been
deposited under the Budapest Treaty, with Accession Number NCIMB 43440.
[0068] Also provided is a plant part obtained from carrot variety NUN 85936
CAC, wherein
said plant part is: a root, or a part of a root, a harvested root, a root tip,
a fruit, a harvested
fruit, a part of a fruit, a leaf, a part of a leaf, pollen, an ovule, a cell,
a petiole, a shoot or a part
thereof, a stem or a part thereof, a cutting, a seed, a part of a seed, seed
coat or another
maternal tissue which is part of a seed grown on said varieties, hypocotyl,
cotyledon, a pistil,
an anther, and a flower or a part thereof. Roots are particularly important
plant parts. In a
further aspect, the plant part obtained from carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC is a
cell,
optionally a cell in a cell or tissue culture. That cell may be grown into a
plant of carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC. A part of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC (or of progeny
of that
variety or of a plant having all physiological and/or morphological
characteristics but one,
two or three which are different from those of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC)
further
encompasses any cells, tissues, organs obtainable from the seedlings or plants
in any stage of
maturity.
[0069] The disclosure also provides for a food or feed product or a processed
product
comprising or consisting of a plant part described herein, wherein the plant
part can be
identified as a part of the plant described herein. Preferably, the plant part
is a carrot root or
part thereof and/or an extract from a root or another plant part described
herein comprising at
least one cell of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC. The food or feed product may
be fresh or
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CA 3054025 2019-09-04
=
processed, e.g., dried, grinded, powdered, pickled, chopped, cooked, roasted,
in a sauce, in a
sandwich, pasted, puréed or concentrated, juiced, pickled, canned, steamed,
boiled, fried,
blanched and/or frozen, baby-carrots etc.
[0070] Such a plant part of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC can be stored and/or
processed
further. The disclosure also provides for a food or feed products comprising
one or more of
such parts, such as canned, chopped, cooked, roasted, in a sauce, in a
sandwich, pasted,
puréed or concentrated, juiced, frozen, dried, pickled, or powdered carrot
root from carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC or from progeny of said variety, or from a derived
variety, such as a
plant having all but one, two or three physiological and/or morphological
characteristics of
carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC.
[0071] In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a carrot root of variety
NUN 85936
CAC, or a part of a root of said variety. The root can be in any stage of
maturity, for example,
immature or mature. In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a container
comprising or
consisting of a plurality of harvested carrot roots or parts of roots of said
variety, or roots of
progeny thereof, or roots of a derived variety.
[0072] In another aspect, the plant, plant part or seed of carrot variety NUN
85936 CAC is
inside one or more containers. For example, the disclosure provides containers
such as cans,
boxes, crates, bags, cartons, Modified Atmosphere Packaging, films (e.g.,
biodegradable
films), etc. comprising a plant or a part of a plant (fresh and/or processed)
or a seed of carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC. In a particular aspect, the container comprises a
plurality of seeds
of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, or a plurality of plant parts of carrot
variety
NUN 85936 CAC.
[0073] The disclosure further relates to a carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, which
when
compared to its Reference Variety has the following distinguishing
characteristics as shown in
Table 3: 1) shorter plant top height; 2) thicker plant top neck diameter; 3)
shorter blade length
without petiole; 4) longer petiole length from crown to 1st leaf division; 5)
longer root length
minus taproot; 6) longer taproot length; 7) thinner root diameter at midpoint;
8) thinner root
diameter at shoulder; 9) lighter root weight; 10) thinner cortex (phloem) at
midpoint section;
11) thinner core (xylem) at midpoint cross-section; 12) higher sugar content;
13) an olive
green leaf blade color; 14) smoother root surface; 15) less prominent
secondary root scars;
16) faint halo; 17) faint zoning; 18) lighter orange below ground root
shoulder color;
19) stronger orange below ground root skin color; and 20) orange root cross
section phloem
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
color, where the characteristics are determined at the 5% significance level
for plants grown
under the same environmental conditions. Also encompassed are parts of that
plant.
[0074] In one aspect, a plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC or a progeny
plant thereof,
comprises all of the following morphological and/or physiological
characteristics ( i.e.,
average values of distinguishing characteristics, as indicated on the USDA
Objective
description of variety ¨ carrot (unless indicated otherwise)) as shown in
Tables 1 and 2, where
the characteristics are determined at the 5% significance level for plants
grown under the
same environmental conditions. A part of this plant is provided.
[0075] The disclosure further provides a carrot plant which does not differ
from the
physiological and morphological characteristics of the plant of carrot variety
NUN 85936
CAC as determined at the 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% or 5% significance level when grown
under the
same environmental conditions. In a particular aspect, the plants are measured
in the same
trial (e.g., the trial is conducted as recommended by the USDA or UPOV). The
disclosure also
comprises a part of said plant, preferably a root or a part thereof.
[0076] The disclosure also provides a tissue or cell culture comprising cells
of carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC. Such a tissue culture can, for example, be grown on plates or
in liquid
culture, or be frozen for long term storage. The cells of carrot variety NUN
85936 CAC used
to start the culture can be selected from any plant part suitable for
vegetative reproduction, or
in a particular aspect can be selected from an embryo, a meristem, a
cotyledon, a hypocotyl,
pollen, a leaf, an anther, a root, a root tip, a pistil, a petiole, a flower,
a fruit, a seed, a stem
and a stalk. In another particular aspect, the tissue culture does not contain
somaclonal
variation or has reduced somaclonal variation. The skilled person is familiar
with methods to
reduce or prevent somaclonal variation, including regular reinitiation.
[0077] In one aspect, the disclosure provides a carrot plant regenerated from
the tissue or cell
culture of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, wherein the regenerated plant is not
significantly
different from carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC in all, or all but one, two or
three, of the
physiological and morphological characteristics (determined at the 5%
significance level
when grown under the same environmental conditions). Optionally, the plant has
one, two or
three the physiological and morphological characteristics that are affected by
a mutation or by
transformation. In another aspect, the disclosure provides a carrot plant
regenerated from the
tissue or cell culture of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, wherein the plant has
all of the
physiological and morphological characteristics of said variety determined
(e.g., at the 5%
21
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
significance level) when grown under the same environmental conditions.
Similarity or
difference of a characteristic is determined by measuring the characteristics
of a
representative number of plants grown under the same environmental conditions,
determining
whether type/degree characteristics are the same or different and determining
whether
numerical characteristics are different at the 5% significance level.
[0078] Carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, or its progeny, or a plant having all
physiological
and/or morphological characteristics but one, two or three which are different
from those of
carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, can also be reproduced using vegetative
reproduction
methods. Therefore, the disclosure provides for a method of producing a plant,
or a plant part
of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, comprising vegetative propagation of said
variety.
Vegetative propagation comprises regenerating a whole plant from a plant part
of carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC or from a progeny or from or a plant having all
physiological and/or
morphological characteristics of said variety but one, two or three different
characteristics,
such as a cutting, a cell culture or a tissue culture.
[0079] The disclosure also provides methods of vegetatively propagating a part
of the plant of
carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC. In certain aspects, the method comprises: (a)
collecting
tissue or cells capable of being propagated from carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC
to obtain
proliferated shoots; (b) rooting said proliferated shoots to obtain rooted
plantlets. Steps (a)
and (b) may also be reversed, i.e., first cultivating said tissue to obtain
roots and then
cultivating the tissue to obtain shoots, thereby obtaining rooted plantlets.
The rooted plantlets
may then be further grown, to obtain plants. In one aspect, the method further
comprises step
(c) growing plants from said rooted plantlets. Therefore, the method also
comprises
regenerating a whole plant from said part of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC. In
a particular
aspect, the part of the plant to be propagated is is a cutting, a cell culture
or a tissue culture.
[0080] The disclosure also provides for a vegetatively propagated plant of
carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC (or from progeny of said variety or from or a plant having all
but one, two
or three physiological and/or morphological characteristics of carrot variety
NUN 85936
CAC) wherein the plant has all of the morphological and physiological
characteristics of
carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, when the characteristics are determined at the
5%
significance level for plants grown under the same conditions. In another
aspect, the
propagated plant has all but one, two or three of the morphological and
physiological
characteristics of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, when the characteristics are
determined at
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CA 3054025 2019-09-04
the 5% significance level for plants grown under the same conditions. A part
of said
propagated plant or said propagated plant with one, two or three differences
is also provided.
[0081] In another aspect, the disclosure provides a method for producing a
carrot plant part,
such as a root, comprising growing a plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC
until it
develops a root, and collecting the root. Preferably, the root is collected at
harvest maturity. In
another aspect, the root is collected at baby stage. A plant of carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC
can be produced by seeding directly in the soil (e.g., field) (see, e.g.,
http s ://anrcatalog.ucanr. edu/pdf/7226.pdf).
[0082] In still another aspect, the disclosure provides a method of producing
a carrot plant,
comprising crossing a plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC with a second
carrot plant at
least once, allowing seed to develop and optionally harvesting said respective
progeny seed.
The skilled person can select progeny from said crossings. Optionally, the
respective progeny
is crossed twice, thrice, or four, five, six or seven times, and allowed to
set seed. In another
aspect, the first step in "crossing" comprises planting seeds of a first and a
second parent
carrot plant, often in proximity so that pollination will occur; for example,
mediated by insect
vectors. Alternatively, pollen can be transferred manually. Where the plant is
self-pollinated,
pollination may occur without the need for direct human intervention other
than plant
cultivation. After pollination the plant can produce seed.
[0083] In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides a method of producing a
plant,
comprising selfing a plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC one or more times,
and
selecting a progeny plant from said selfing. In one aspect, the progeny plant
retains all the
distinguishing characteristics of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC described
above, when
grown under the same environmental conditions. In a different aspect, the
progeny plant,
comprises all (or all but one, two or three) of the physiological and
morphological
characteristic of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC as listed in Tables 1 and 2.
[0084] In other aspects, the disclosure provides a progeny plant of carrot
variety NUN 85936
CAC, such as a progeny plant obtained by further breeding that variety.
Further breeding with
carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, includes selfing that variety and/or cross-
pollinating that
variety with another carrot plant or variety one or more times. In a
particular aspect, the
disclosure provides for a progeny plant that retains all or all but one, two,
or three of the
morphological and physiological characteristics of carrot variety NUN 85936
CAC,
optionally all or all but one, two, or three characteristics as listed in
Tables 1 and 2,
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,
=
determined at the 5% significance level for numerical characteristics, when
grown under the
same environmental conditions. In another aspect, the progeny is a first
generation progeny,
i.e., the ovule or the pollen (or both) used in the crossing is an ovule or
pollen of carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC, i.e., the pollen comes from an anther of carrot variety NUN
85936 CAC
and the ovule comes from an ovary of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC. In another
aspect, the
disclosure provides for a vegetative reproduction of the variety and a plant
having all, or all
but one, two, or three of the physiological and morphological characteristics
of carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC (e.g., as listed in Tables 1 and 2).
[0085] The disclosure also provides a method for collecting pollen of carrot
variety
NUN 85936 CAC, comprising collecting the pollen from a plant of carrot variety
NUN 85936
CAC. Alternatively, the method comprises growing a plant of carrot variety NUN
85936 CAC
until at least one flower contains pollen and collecting the pollen. In a
particular aspect, the
pollen is collected when it is mature or ripe. A suitable method for
collecting pollen
comprises collecting anthers or the part of the anther that contains pollen,
for example, by
cutting it off. Pollen can be collected in containers. Optionally, collected
pollen can be used to
pollinate a carrot flower.
[0086] The morphological and/or physiological differences between two
different individual
plants described herein (e.g., between carrot NUN 85936 CAC and a progeny of
said carrot
variety) or between a plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC or progeny of said
variety, or a
plant having all, or all but 1, 2, or 3 of the physiological and morphological
characteristics of
carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC and another known variety can easily be
established by
growing said variety next to each other or next to the other variety (in the
same field, under
the same environmental conditions (in the same field, optionally, next to each
other),
preferably in repeated several locations which are suitable for cultivation of
carrots, and
measuring morphological and/or physiological characteristics of a
representative number of
plants (e.g., to calculate an average value and to determine the variation
range/uniformity
within the variety). For example, trials can be carried out in Acampo CA, USA
(N 38 degrees
07'261" / W 121 degrees 18' 807", USA), whereby various characteristics, for
example
maturity, days from seeding to harvest, plant habit, leaf color, petiole
anthocyanin, root shape,
root collar, root halo, root shoulder, number of secondary root scars, disease
resistance, insect
resistance, can be measured and directly compared for species of carrot. Thus,
the disclosure
comprises carrot plant having one, two or three physiological and/or
morphological
characteristics which are different from those of the plant of carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC
24
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
and which otherwise has all the physiological and morphological
characteristics of the plant
of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, when determined at the 5% significance level
for plants
grown under the same environmental conditions. In another aspect, the
different characteristic
is affected by a mutation, optionally induced mutation, or by transformation.
[0087] The morphological and physiological characteristics of carrot variety
NUN 85936
CAC are provided, for example, in Tables 1 and 2, as collected in a trial
according to USDA
and/or UPOV standards. Encompassed herein is also a plant obtainable from
carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC (e.g., by selfing and/or crossing and/or backcrossing with said
variety
and/or progeny of said variety) comprising all or all but one, two or three of
the physiological
and morphological characteristics of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC listed in
Tables 1 and 2
(as determined at the 5% significance level for numerical characteristics or
identical for non-
numerical characteristics) when grown under the same environmental conditions
and/or
comprising one or more (or all; or all except one, two or three)
characteristics when grown
under the same environmental conditions. The morphological and/or
physiological
characteristics may vary somewhat with variation in the environment (such as
temperature,
light intensity, day length, humidity, soil, fertilizer use, disease vectors),
which is why a
comparison under the same environmental conditions is preferred. Colors can
best be
measured using Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) Chart.
[0088] Also, at-harvest and/or post-harvest characteristics of roots can be
compared, such as
by cold storage holding quality (browning), post-harvest rind firmness and/or
flesh firmness,
and juiciness can be measured using known methods.
[0089] The disclosure also provides for a method of producing a new carrot
plant. The
method comprises crossing a plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, or a plant
comprising
all but 1, 2, or 3 of the morphological and physiological characteristics of
said variety (as
listed in Tables 1 and 2), or a progeny plant thereof, either as male or as
female parent, with a
second carrot plant (or a wild relative of carrot) one or more times, and/or
selfing a carrot
plant of variety NUN 85936 CAC, or a progeny plant thereof, one or more times,
and
selecting progeny from said crossing and/or selfing. The second carrot plant
may, for
example, be a line or variety of the species Daucus carota, or other Daucus
species or even
other Apiaceae species.
[0090] The disclosure provides for methods of producing plants which retain
all the
morphological and physiological characteristics of a plant described herein.
The disclosure
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
provides also for methods of producing a plant comprising all but 1, 2, or 3
or more of the
morphological and physiological characteristics of carrot variety NUN 85936
CAC (e.g., as
listed in Tables 1 and 2), but which are still genetically closely related to
said carrot variety.
The relatedness can, for example, be determined by fingerprinting techniques
(e.g., making
use of isozyme markers and/or molecular markers such as Single-nucleotide
polymorphism
(SNP) markers, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers,
microsatellites,
minisatellites, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, restriction
fragment
length polymorphism (RFLP) markers and others). A plant is "closely related"
to carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC if its DNA fingerprint is at least 80%, 90%, 95% or 98%
identical
to the fingerprint of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC. In a particular aspect,
AFLP markers are
used for DNA fingerprinting (see, e.g., Vos et al. 1995, Nucleic Acid Research
23: 4407-
4414). A closely related plant may have a Jaccard's Similarity index of at
least about 0.8,
preferably at least about 0.9, 0.95, 0.98 or more (see, e.g., Shim and
Jorgensen, Theor App!
Genet (2000) 101:227-233). The disclosure also provides a plant and a variety
obtained or
selected by applying these methods on carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC. Such a
plant may be
produced by traditional breeding techniques or mutation or transformation or
in another
aspect, a plant may simply be identified and selected amongst plants of said
variety, or
progeny of said variety, e.g., by identifying a variant within carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC,
which variant differs from the variety described herein in one, two, or three
of the
morphological and/or physiological characteristics (e.g., characteristics
listed in Tables 1
and 2). In one aspect, the disclosure provides a plant of carrot variety NUN
85936 CAC
having a Jaccard's Similarity index with said variety of at least 0.8, e.g.,
at least 0.85, 0.9,
0.95, 0.98 or even at least 0.99.
[0091] In some aspects, the disclosure provides a carrot plant comprising
genomic DNA
having at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity compared to the
genomic
DNA sequence of a plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, as deposited under
Accession
Number NCIMB 43440. In some aspects, the carrot plant further comprises all or
all but 1, 2,
or 3 of the morphological and physiological characteristics of carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC
(e.g., as listed in Tables 1 and 2). In other aspects, the carrot plant is a
hybrid derived from a
seed or plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC.
[0092] For the purpose of this disclosure, the "sequence identity" of
nucleotide sequences,
expressed as a percentage, refers to the number of positions in the two
optimally aligned 25
sequences which have identical residues (x100) divided by the number of
positions compared.
26
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
,
,
. . ,
A gap, i.e., a position in the pairwise alignment where a residue is present
in one sequence but
not in the other, is regarded as a position with non-identical residues. A
pairwise global
sequence alignment of two nucleotide sequences is found by aligning the two
sequences over
the entire length according to the Needleman and Wunsch global alignment
algorithm
described in Needleman and Wunsch, 1970, J. Mol. Biol. 48(3):443-53). A full
implementation of the Needleman-Wunsch global alignment algorithm is found in
the needle
program in The European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite (see, e.g.,
EMBOSS, Rice
et al., Trends in Genetics June 2000, vol. 16, No. 6. pp. 276-277).
[0093] The disclosure also provides methods for determining the identity of
parental lines
described herein, in particular the identity of the female line.
US2015/0126380, which is
incorporated by reference, relates to a non-destructive method for analyzing
maternal DNA of
a seed. In this method, the DNA is dislodged from the seed coat surface and
can be used to
collect information on the genome of the maternal parent of the seed. This
method for
analyzing maternal DNA of a seed comprises the steps of contacting a seed with
a fluid to
dislodge DNA from the seed coat surface, and analyzing the DNA thus dislodged
from the
seed coat surface using methods known in the art. The skilled person is thus
able to determine
whether a seed has grown on a plant of a plant carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC,
or is a
progeny of said variety, because the seed coat of the seed is a maternal
tissue genetically
identical to carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC. In one aspect, the disclosure
relates to a carrot
seed coat comprising maternal tissue of carrot NUN 85936 CAC. In another
particular aspect,
the disclosure provides a method of identifying the female parental line of
carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC by analyzing the seed coat or another maternal tissue of said
seed.
[0094] By crossing and/or selfing also (one or more) single traits may be
introduced into the
carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC (e.g., using backcrossing breeding schemes),
while retaining
the remaining morphological and physiological characteristics of said variety
and/or while
retaining one or more or all distinguishing characteristics. A single trait
converted plant may
thereby be produced. For example, disease resistance genes may be introduced,
genes
responsible for one or more quality traits, yield, etc. Both single genes
(e.g., dominant or
recessive) and one or more QTLs (quantitative trait loci) may be transferred
into NUN 85936
CAC by breeding with said variety.
[0095] Any pest or disease resistance genes may be introduced into carrot
variety NUN 85936
CAC, progeny of said variety or into a plant comprising all but 1, 2, or 3 or
more of the
morphological and physiological characteristics of carrot variety NUN 85936
CAC (e.g., as
27
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
listed in Tables 1 and 2). Resistance to one or more of the following diseases
or pests may be
introduced into plants described herein: Alternaria Leaf Blight (Alternaria
dauci), Aster
Yellows (Macrosteles fascifrons), Cavity Spot (Pythium sulcatum and P.
violae), Cercospora
Blight or Carrot Early Blight (Cerocospora carotae), Bacterial Blight
(Xanthomonas
carotae), Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe heraclei), Phytium Root Dieback (Pythium
spp.),
Sclerotinia Decay or Watery Soft Rot (Sclerotinia spp.), Cottony Soft Rot
(Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum), Southern Blight (Sclerotium rolfsii), Bacterial Soft Rot
(Erwinia carotovora),
Black Root Rot (Alternaria radicina), Gray Mold (Botrytis spp.), Sour Rot
(Geothrichurn
spp.), Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne spp.), Stubby Root Nematode
(Trichodorus spp.,
and Paratrichodorus spp.), Needle Nematode (Longidorus africanus), Nutsedges
Yellow
(Cyperus esculentus), Nutsedges Purple (C. rotundus), Saltmarsh Catterpillars
(Estigmene
acrea), Cotton-melon Aphid (Aphis gossypii), and/or Silverleaf Whitefly
(Bemisia
argentifolii). Other resistances, against pathogenic viruses (e.g., Motley
Dwarf Virus, Carrot
Thin Leaf Virus), fungi, bacteria, nematodes, insects or other pests may also
be introduced.
[0096] The disclosure also provides a method for developing a carrot plant in
a carrot
breeding program, using a carrot plant of variety NUN 85936 CAC, or its parts
as a source of
plant breeding material. Suitable plant breeding techniques are recurrent
selection,
backcrossing, pedigree breeding, mass selection, mutation breeding and/or
genetic marker
enhanced selection. In one aspect, the method comprises crossing carrot
variety NUN 85936
CAC or progeny of said variety, or a plant comprising all but 1, 2, or 3 or
more of the
morphological and physiological characteristics of carrot variety NUN 85936
CAC (e.g., as
listed in Tables 1 and 2), with a different carrot plant, and wherein one or
more offspring of
the crossing are subject to one or more plant breeding techniques: recurrent
selection,
backcrossing, pedigree breeding, mass selection, mutation breeding and genetic
marker
enhanced selection (see, e.g., Stein and Nothnagel, (1995) Plant Breeding 114,
1-11). For
breeding methods in general, see, e.g., Principles of Plant Genetics and
Breeding, 2007,
George Acquaah, Blackwell Publishing, ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-3646-4.
[0097] The disclosure also provides a carrot plant comprising at least a first
set of the
chromosomes of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, a sample of seed of said carrot
variety has
been deposited under Accession Number NCIMB 43440; optionally further
comprising a
single locus conversion, wherein said plant has essentially all of the
morphological and
physiological characteristics of the plant comprising at least a first set of
the chromosomes of
said variety. In another aspect, this single locus conversion confers a trait
selected from the
28
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
=
group consisting of yield, storage properties, color, male sterility,
herbicide tolerance, insect
resistance, pest resistance, disease resistance, environmental stress
tolerance, modified
carbohydrate metabolism and modified protein metabolism.
[0098] In one aspect, a plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC may also be
mutated (by e.g.,
irradiation, chemical mutagenesis, heat treatment, etc.) and mutated seeds or
plants may be
selected in order to change one or more characteristics of said variety.
Methods such as
TILLING may be applied to carrot populations in order to identify mutants.
Similarly, carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC may be transformed and regenerated, whereby one or more
chimeric genes are introduced into the variety or into a plant comprising all
but 1, 2, 3, or
more of the morphological and physiological characteristics (e.g., as listed
in Tables 1 and 2).
Transformation can be carried out using standard methods, such as
Agrobacterium
tumefaciens mediated transformation or biolistics, followed by selection of
the transformed
cells and regeneration into plants. A desired trait (e.g., genes conferring
pest or disease
resistance, herbicide, fungicide or insecticide tolerance, etc.) can be
introduced into carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC, or progeny of said variety, by transforming said
variety or progeny
of said variety with a transgene that confers the desired trait, wherein the
transformed plant
retains all or all but one, two or three of the physiological and / or
morphological and / or
physiological characteristics of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC or the progeny
of said variety
and contains the desired trait. In another aspect, the transformation or
mutation confers a trait
wherein the trait is yield, storage properties, color, male sterility,
herbicide tolerance, insect
resistance, pest resistance, disease resistance, environmental stress
tolerance, modified
carbohydrate metabolism and modified protein metabolism.
[0099] The disclosure also provides a method of producing a carrot plant
having a desired
trait, comprising mutating a plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC or a cell
thereof and
selecting a plant with the desired trait, wherein the mutated plant retains
all or all but one of
the phenotypic and morphological characteristics of said carrot variety,
optionally as
described in Tables 1 and 2, and contains the desired trait and wherein a
representative sample
of seed of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC has been deposited under Accession
Number
NCIMB 43440. In a further aspect, the desired trait is yield, high
anthocyanin, root size and
shape, storage properties, male sterility, herbicide tolerance, insect
resistance, pest resistance,
disease resistance, environmental stress tolerance, modified carbohydrate
metabolism,
modified protein metabolism and ripening.
29
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
[0100] A suitable method for inducing mutation in carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC
comprises
the steps of:
a. exposing the seed, the plant or the plant part or the cell of carrot
variety NUN
85936 CAC to a mutagenic compound or to radiation, wherein a representative
sample of seed of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC is deposited under
Accession Number NCIMB 43440;
b. selecting the seed, the plant or the plant part or the cell of carrot
variety NUN
85936 CAC having a mutation; and
c. optionally growing and/or multiplying the seed, plant or plant part or cell
of
NUN 85936 CAC having the mutation.
[0101] The disclosure also provides a plant having one, two or three
physiological and/or
morphological characteristics which are different from those of carrot variety
NUN 85936
CAC and which otherwise has all the physiological and morphological
characteristics of said
carrot variety, wherein a representative sample of seed of carrot variety NUN
85936 CAC has
been deposited under Accession Number NCIMB 43440. In particular, variants d
which differ
from carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC in none, one, two or three of the
characteristics
mentioned in Tables 1 and 2 are encompassed.
[0102] A part of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC (or of progeny of said variety
or of a plant
having all physiological and/or morphological characteristics but one, two or
three which are
different from those of said variety) encompasses any cells, tissues, organs
obtainable from
the seedlings or plants, such as but not limited to: a carrot root or a part
thereof, a cutting,
hypocotyl, cotyledon, seed coat, pollen and the like. Such parts can be stored
and/or processed
further. Encompassed are therefore also food or feed products comprising a
part of carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC or a part of progeny of said variety, or a part of a
plant having all
but one, two or three physiological and/or morphological characteristics of
carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC, comprising one or more of such parts, optionally processed
(such as
canned, chopped, cooked, roasted, in a sauce, in a sandwich, pasted, puréed or
concentrated,
juiced, frozen, dried, pickled, or powdered).
[0103] In one aspect, the disclosure provides a haploid plant and/or a doubled
haploid plant of
carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, or of a plant having all but one, two or three
physiological
and/or morphological characteristics of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, or
progeny of said
carrot variety. Haploid and doubled haploid (DH) plants can, for example, be
produced by cell
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
or tissue culture and chromosome doubling agents and regeneration into a whole
plant. DH
production chromosome doubling may be induced using known methods, such as
colchicine
treatment or the like. In one aspect, the method comprises inducing a cell or
tissue culture
with chromosome doubling agent and regenerating the cells or tissues into a
whole plant.
[0104] In another aspect, the disclosure comprises method for making double
haploid cells
from haploid cells of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, comprising doubling cells
of carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC with a chromosome doubling agent such as colchicine
treatment
(see, e.g., Nikolova and Niemirowicz-Szczytt (1996) Acta Soc Bot Pol 65:311-
317).
[0105] In another aspect, the disclosure provides haploid plants and/or
doubled haploid plants
derived from carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC that, when combined, make a set of
parents of
carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC. The haploid plant and/or the doubled haploid
plant of carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC can be used in a method for generating parental lines of
carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC.
[0106] Using methods known in the art like "reverse synthesis of breeding
lines" or "reverse
breeding," it is possible to produce parental lines for a hybrid plant such as
carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC. A skilled person can take any individual heterozygous plant
(called a
"phenotypically superior plant" in Example 2 of US2015/0245570; carrot variety
NUN 85936
CAC is such a plant) and generate a combination of parental lines (reverse
breeding parental
lines) that, when crossed, produce the variety NUN 85936 CAC. It is not
necessary that the
reverse breeding parental lines are identical to the original parental lines.
Such new breeding
methods are based on the segregation of individual alleles in the spores
produced by a desired
plant and/or in the progeny derived from the self-pollination of that desired
plant, and on the
subsequent identification of suitable progeny plants in one generation, or in
a limited number
of inbred cycles. Such a method is known from US2015/0245570 or from Wijnker
et al.,
Nature Protocols Volume: 9, Pages: 761-772 (2014) DOI:
doi:10.1038/nprot.2014.049. Thus,
the disclosure provides a method for producing parental lines for a hybrid
organism (e.g.,
carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC), comprises in one aspect: a) defining a set of
genetic
markers that are present in a heterozygous form (H) in a partially
heterozygous starting
organism; b) producing doubled haploid lines from spores of the starting
organism: c)
genetically characterizing the doubled haploid lines thus obtained for the
said set of genetic
markers to determine whether they are present in a first homozygous form (A)
or in a second
homozygous form (B) and; d) selecting at least one pair of doubled haploid
lines that have
31
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
complementary alleles for at least a subset of the genetic markers, wherein
each member of
the pair is suitable as a parental line for a hybrid organism.
[0107] In another aspect, the method for producing parental lines for hybrid
organisms, e.g.,
of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, which when crossed reconstitute the genome of
carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC, comprising:
a. defining a set genetic markers that are present a heterozygous form (H) in
a
partially heterozygous starting organism;
b. producing at least one further generation from the starting organism by
self-
pollination (e.g., F2 or F3 generation);
c. selecting at least one pair of progeny organisms in which at least one
genetic
marker from the set is present in a complementary homozygous forms (B vs.
A, or A vs. B); and
d. optionally repeating steps b) and c) until at least one pair of progeny
organisms
that have complementary alleles for at least a subset of the genetic markers
had
been selected as parental lines for a hybrid.
[0108] The disclosure relates to a method of producing a combination of
parental lines of a
plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, comprising the step of making doubled
haploid cells
from haploid cells from said plant or a seed of that plant; and optionally
crossing these
parental lines to produce and collect seeds. In another aspect, the disclosure
relates to a
combination of parental lines produced by this method. In still another
aspect, the
combination of parental lines can be used to produce a seed or plant of carrot
variety
NUN 85936 CAC when these parental lines are crossed. In still another aspect,
the disclosure
relates to a combination of parental lines from which a seed or plant having
all physiological
and/or morphological characteristics of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC (when the
characteristics are determined at the 5% significance level for plants grown
under the same
conditions).
[0109] In another aspect, the disclosure provides a method of introducing a
single locus
conversion or single trait conversion or a desired trait into carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC
comprising:
a. obtaining a combination of a parental lines of carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC,
optionally through reverse synthesis of breeding lines;
32
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
=
b. introducing a single locus conversion in at least one of the parents of
step a;
and
c. crossing the converted parent with the other parent of step a to obtain
seed of
carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC.
[0110] A combination of a male and a female parental line of carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC
can be generated by methods described herein, for example, through reverse
synthesis of
breeding lines.
[0111] In another aspect, the disclosure provides a method of introducing a
single locus
conversion or single trait conversion or a desired trait into carrot variety
NUN 85936 CAC,
comprising introducing a single locus conversion in at least one of the
parents of carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC, and crossing the converted parent with the other parent
of carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC to obtain seed of said carrot variety.
[0112] In another aspect, introducing a single locus conversion in at least
one of the parents
comprise:
a. obtaining a cell or tissue culture of cells of the parental line of carrot
variety
NUN 85936 CAC;
b. genetically transforming or mutating said cells;
c. growing the cells into a plant; and
d. optionally selecting plants that contain the single locus conversion, the
single
trait conversion or the desired trait.
[0113] In another method, the step of introducing a single locus conversion in
at least one of
the parent plants comprises:
a. crossing the parental line of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC with a second
carrot plant comprising the single locus conversion, the single trait
conversion
or the desired trait;
b. selecting F 1progeny plants that contain the single locus
conversion, the single
trait conversion or the desired trait;
c. crossing said selected progeny plants of step ii with the parental line of
step i,
to produce a backcross progeny plant;
33
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
=
d. selecting backcross progeny plants comprising the single locus conversion,
the
single trait conversion or the desired trait and otherwise all or all but one,
two
or three of the morphological and physiological characteristics the parental
line
of step i to produce selected backcross progeny plants; and
e. optionally repeating steps iii and iv one or more times in succession to
produce
selected second, third or fourth or higher backcross progeny plants comprising
the single locus conversion, the single trait conversion or the desired trait
and
otherwise all or all but one, two or three of the morphological and
physiological characteristics the parental line of step i to produce selected
backcross progeny plants, when grown in the same environmental conditions.
The disclosure further relates to plants obtained by this method.
[0114] In any of the above methods, wherein the single locus conversion
concerns a trait, the
trait may be yield or pest resistance or disease resistance. In one aspect,
the trait is disease
resistance and the resistance is conferred to Alternaria Leaf Blight
(Alternaria dauci), Aster
Yellows (Macrosteles fascifrons), Cavity Spot (Pythium sulcatum and P.
violae), Cercospora
Blight or Carrot Early Blight (Cerocospora carotae), Bacterial Blight
(Xanthomonas
carotae), Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe heraclei), Phytium Root Dieback (Pythium
spp.),
Sclerotinia Decay or Watery Soft Rot (Sclerotinia spp.), Cottony Soft Rot
(Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum), Southern Blight (Sclerotium
Bacterial Soft Rot (Erwinia carotovora),
Black Root Rot (Alternaria radicina), Gray Mold (Botrytis spp.), Sour Rot
(Geothrichurn
spp.), Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne spp.), Stubby Root Nematode
(Trichodorus spp.,
and Paratrichodorus spp.), Needle Nematode (Longidorus africanus), Nutsedges
Yellow
(Cyperus esculentus), Nutsedges Purple (C. rotundus), Saltmarsh Catterpillars
(Estigmene
acrea), Cotton-melon Aphid (Aphis gossypii), and/or Silverleaf Whitefly
(Bemisia
argentifolii). Other resistances, against pathogenic viruses (e.g., Motley
Dwarf Virus, Carrot
Thin Leaf Virus), fungi, bacteria, nematodes, insects or other pests may also
be introduced.
[0115] The disclosure also provides a combination of parental lines which,
when crossed,
produce a seed or plant having all physiological and/or morphological
characteristics of carrot
variety NUN 85936 CAC but one, two or three which are different (when grown
under the
same environmental conditions), as well as a seed or plant having all
physiological and/or
morphological characteristics of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC but one, two or
three which
34
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
are different (when the characteristics are determined at the 5% significance
level for plants
grown under the same conditions).
[0116] Also provided is a plant part obtainable from carrot variety NUN 85936
CAC or from
progeny of said variety or from a plant having all but one, two or three
physiological and/or
morphological characteristics which are different from those of carrot variety
NUN 85936
CAC, or from a vegetatively propagated plant of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC
(or from its
progeny or from a plant having all or all but one, two or three physiological
and/or
morphological characteristics which are different from those of carrot variety
NUN 85936
CAC), wherein said plant part is a root, or a part of a root, a harvested
root, a root tip, a fruit,
a harvested fruit, a part of a fruit, a leaf, a part of a leaf, pollen, an
ovule, a cell, a petiole, a
shoot or a part thereof, a stem or a part thereof, a cutting, a seed, a part
of a seed, seed-coat or
another maternal tissue which is part of a seed grown on NUN 85936 CAC, or
hypocotyl,
cotyledon, a pistil, an anther, or a flower or a part thereof.
[0117] In another aspect, the disclosure provides a method of determining the
genotype of a
plant of the disclosure comprising the step of detecting in the genome (e.g.,
a sample of
nucleic acids) of the plant at least a first polymorphism or an allele. The
skilled person is
familiar with many suitable methods of genotyping, detecting a polymorphism or
detecting an
allele including restriction fragment length polymorphism identification
(RFLP) of genomic
DNA, random amplified polymorphic detection (RAPD) of genomic DNA, amplified
fragment length polymorphism detection (AFLP), polymerase chain reaction
(PCR), DNA
sequencing, allele specific oligonucleotide (ASO) probes, and hybridization to
DNA
microarrays or beads. Alternatively, the entire genome could be sequenced. The
method may,
in certain embodiments, comprise detecting a plurality of polymorphisms in the
genome of
the plant, for example by obtaining a sample of nucleic acid from a plant and
detecting in said
nucleic acids a plurality of polymorphisms. The method may further comprise
storing the
results of the step of detecting the plurality of polymorphisms on a computer
readable
medium.
[0118] The disclosure further provides for a food or feed product comprising
or consisting a
plant part of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC or a part of progeny of said carrot
variety, or a
part of a plant having all but one, two, or three of the physiological and/or
morphological
characteristics of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC, comprising one or more such
parts,
optionally processed (such as canned, chopped, cooked, roasted, in a sauce, in
a sandwich,
pasted, puréed or concentrated, juiced, frozen, dried, pickled, or powdered).
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
[0119] References:
UPOV, "Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and
Stability,
TG/49/8 (Geneva 2007, last updated in 2015-03-25), world-wide web at upov.int
under
edocs/tgdocs/en1tg049.pdf.
US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service, "Objective
description of
Variety - Carrot (Daucus carota)," world wide web at
ams.usda.gov/services/plant-variety-
protection/pvpo-c-forms, under carrot.
Acquaah, G., "Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding", Blackwell
Publishing, 2007,
ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-3646-4.
Arnhold-Schmitt, B., et. al., "Physiological Aspects of Genome Variability in
Tissue Culture.
I. Growth Phase-Dependent Differential DNA Methylation of the Carrot Genome
(Daucus
carota L.) During Primary Culture", Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1995,
vol. 91, no. 5,
pp. 809-815
Jhang, T., et. al., "Efficiency of Different Marker Systems for Molecular
Characterization of
Subtropical Carrot Germplasm," The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2010, vol.
148, no. 2,
pp. 171-181.
Larkin, P.J., et.al., "Somaclonal Variation ¨ A Novel Source of Variability
from Cell Cultures
for Plant Improvement", Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1981, vol. 60, no.
4, pp. 197-214.
Martin, E., et al., "Identification of Markers Linked to Agronomic Traits in
Globe Artichoke",
Australian Journal of Crop Science, 2008, vol. 1(2), pp. 43-46.
Needleman, S.B., et. al., "A General Method Applicable to the Search for
Similarities in the
Amino Acid Sequence of Two Proteins", Journal of Molecular Biology, 1970, vol.
48(3),
pp. 443-53.
Nikolova, V., et. al., "Diploidization of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Haploids by Colchini
Treatment", Acta Societas Botanicorum Poloniae, 1996, vol. 65, pp. 311-317.
Rice, P., et al., "EMBOSS: The European Molecular Biology Open Software
Suite", Trends
in Genetics, 2000, vol. 16, Issue 6. pp. 276-277.
Shim, S.J., and Jorgensen, R.B., "Genetic Structure in Cultivated and Wild
Carrots (Daucus
carota L.) Revealed by AFLP Analysis", Theor Appl Genet, 2000, vol. 101, pp.
227-233.
36
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
Stein, M., et. al., "Some Remarks on Carrot Breeding (Daucus carota saativus
Hoffm.), Plant
Breeding, 1995, vol. 114, no. 1, pp. 1-11.
Vos, P., et al., "AFLP: A New Technique for DNA Fingerprinting", Nucleic Acids
Research,
1995, vol. 23(21), pp. 4407-4414.
Wijnker, E., et al., "Hybrid Recreation by Reverse breeding in Arabidopsis
thaliana", Nature
Protocols, 2014, vol. 9, pp. 761-772. DOI: doi: 10.1038/nprot.2014.049
US2015/0126380
US2015/0245570
https://www.ams .usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/19 -Carrot%20 ST-470-
19%202015 .pdf
https://anrcatalog.ucanr.edu/pdf/7226.pdf
https://vvww.upov. int/edocs/tgdocs/en/tg049.pdf
https ://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-world-s-top-carrot-producing-
countries.html
Development of NUN 85936 CAC
[0120] The hybrid carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC was developed from a male and
female
proprietary inbred line of Nunhems. The female and male parents were crossed
to produce
hybrid (F1) seeds of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC. The seeds of carrot variety
NUN 85936
CAC can be grown to produce hybrid plants and parts thereof (e.g., carrot
roots). The hybrid
carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC can be propagated by seeds or vegetatively.
[0121] The hybrid variety is uniform and genetically stable. This has been
established through
evaluation of horticultural characteristics. Several hybrid seed production
events resulted in
no observable deviation in genetic stability. Coupled with the confirmation of
genetic stability
of the female and male parents the Applicant has concluded that carrot variety
NUN 85936
CAC is uniform and stable.
Deposit Information
[0122] A total of 2500 seeds of the hybrid carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC has
been deposited
according to the Budapest Treaty by Nunhems B.V. on June 18, 2019 at the NCIMB
Ltd.,
Ferguson Building, Craibstone Estate, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9YA, United
Kingdom
37
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
(NCIMB). The deposit has been assigned NCIMB number 43440. A deposit of carrot
variety
NUN 85936 CAC and of the male and female parent line is also maintained at
Nunhems B.V.
[0123] Access to the deposits will be available during the pendency of this
application to
persons determined by the Director of the U.S. Patent Office to be entitled
thereto upon
request. Subject to 37 C.F.R. 1.808(b), all restrictions imposed by the
depositor on the
availability to the public of the deposited material will be irrevocably
removed upon the
granting of the patent. The deposit will be maintained for a period of 30
years, or 5 years after
the most recent request, or for the enforceable life of the patent whichever
is longer and will
be replaced if it ever becomes nonviable during that period. Applicant does
not waive any
rights granted under this patent on this application or under the Plant
Variety Protection Act
(7 U.S.C. 2321 et seq.).
Characteristics of Carrot Variety NUN 85936 CAC
[0124] The most similar variety to carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC is a variety
from Seminis
with the commercial name PS 1441.
[0125] In Tables 1 and 2, a comparison between carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC
and the
Reference Variety is shown based on a trial in the USA during the trial season
2018. Trial
location: California, US; Harvest date: February 14, 2018. In Table 3, the
distinguishing
characteristics between carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC and the Reference Variety
are shown.
[0126] A trial of 30 plants of each variety, from which at least 15 plants or
plant parts were
randomly selected and were used to measure characteristics. For numerical
characteristics,
averages were calculated. For non-numerical characteristics, the type/degree
were determined.
[0127] In one aspect, the disclosure provides a plant having the physiological
and
morphological characteristics of carrot variety NUN 85936 CAC as presented in
Tables 1
and 2.
Table 1. Objective Description of Carrot Variety NUN 85936 CAC and the
Reference Variety
(USDA Descriptors)
USDA Descriptors NUN 85936 CAC PS 1441
Type:
1 = Amsterdam; 2 = Flakee; 3 =
Berlicum; 4 = Chantenay; 5 =
Danvers; 6 = Imperator; 7 = Nantes; 8 Cut and peel Cut and peel
= Other (Specify)
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CA 3054025 2019-09-04
USDA Descriptors NUN 85936 CAC PS 1441
Region of Adaptation in the U.S.A.
1= Northeast; 2= Northwest; 3=
Southeast; 4= Southwest; 5= North
Most regions Most
regions
Central; 6= South Central; 7= Most
regions
Market Maturity:
No. of Days from Seeding to Harvest 120 120
Plant Top (at harvest stage):
Habit: 1 = Erect; 2 = Semi-erect; 3 =
Semi-erect Semi-erect
Prostrate
Plant Top Height (from Shoulder to
40.11 47.45
Top of Crown), cm
Plant Top Neck Diameter, mm 12.05 11.08
Top Attachment: 1 = Single; 2 =
Single Single
Multiple
Leaf (at harvest stage):
Blade Color: 1= Light Green; 2 =
Medium Green; 3 = Dark Green; 4 = Medium green Medium green
Other (Specify)
Color Chart Value (RHS Color Cart) RHS 146A RHS 147B
Blade Divisions: 1= Fine; 2 =
Medium Medium
Medium; 3 = Coarse
Blade Length (Without Petiole), cm 20.15 23.32
Petiole Length from Crown to First
26.29 23.65
Pinna, cm
Petiole Anthocyanin: 1 = Absent; 2 =
Absent Absent
Present
Petiole Pubescence: 1 = Absent; 2 =
Absent Absent
Present
Root (at market maturity):
Cortex Thickness (Midpoint X-
3.86 5.41
Section), mm
Core Thickness (Midpoint X-Section),
3.32 3.97
mm
Carrot Length (Minus Taproot), cm 31.8 28.7
Length of Taproot, mm 45.16 31.76
Diameter at Shoulder, mm 16.89 18.93
Diameter at Midpoint, mm 14.13 15.56
Shape: 1 = Round; 2 = Conic; 3 =
Cylindrical Cylindrical
Cylindrical
Collar: 1 = Sunken; 2 = Level; 3 =
Level Level
Square
Shoulder: 1 = Rounded; 2 = Sloping; 3
Rounded Rounded
= Square
39
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
¨ .
USDA Descriptors NUN 85936 CAC PS 1441
Base: 1 = Pointed; 2 = Medium; 3 =
Pointed Pointed
Blunt
Surface Smoothness:
1 = Very Smooth; 2 = Dimpled or Very smooth
Dimpled or corrugated
Corrugated
Number of Secondary Root Scars:
Few Few
1 = None; 2 = Few; 3 = Many
Appearance of Secondary Root Scars:
Not prominent Prominent
1 = Not Prominent; 2 = Prominent
Halo: 1 = None; 2 = Faint; 3 =
None to faint Faint
Prominent
Zoning: 1 = None; 2 = Faint; 3 =
None to faint Prominent
Prominent
Colors (RHS Colour Chart):
Color choices: 1=white; 2=yellow; 3=orange; 4=red; 5=green; 7=salmon; 8=light;
9=dark;
10=other; color examples: 02=yellow; 34=orange-red; 94=dark red
Below Ground Exterior Color: Light orange
Orange (RHS 168B)
Shoulder (RHS N163A)
Below Ground Exterior Color: Skin Orange (RHS 169C) Orange (RHS
170B)
X-Section Interior Color: Core Light orange Light orange
(RHS 170B) (RHS 170B)
X-Section Interior Color: Phloem Orange (RHS 168B) Orange (RHS
172C)
Table 2. Objective Description of Carrot Variety NUN 85936 CAC and the
Reference Variety
(Non-USDA Descriptors)
Non - USDA Descriptors NUN 85936 CAC NUN 8501 CE
(Big Sur)
Petiole Diameter, mm 3.34 3.13
Root Weight, grams 44.0 56.93
Brix (sugar content) 12.16 11.390
Table 3. Distinguishing Characteristics between Carrot Variety NUN 85936 CAC
and the
Reference Variety
Characteristics NUN 85936 CAC NUN 8501 CE
(Big Sur)
Plant top (at harvest stage):
Plant Top Height (from Shoulder to
40.11 47.45
Top of Crown), cm
Plant Top Neck Diameter, mm 12.05 11.08
Leaf (at harvest stage):
Blade Length (Without Petiole), cm 20.15 23.32
CA 3054025 2019-09-04
=
- =
Characteristics NUN 85936 CAC NUN 8501 CE
(Big Sur)
Petiole Length from Crown to First
26.29 23.65
Pinna, cm
Blade Color: 1= Light Green; 2 =
Medium green Medium green
Medium Green; 3 = Dark Green; 4 =
(RHS 146A) (RHS 147B)
Other (Specify)
Leaf (at harvest stage):
Carrot Length (Minus Taproot), cm 31.8 28.7
Length of Taproot, mm 45.16 31.76
Diameter at Shoulder, mm 16.89 18.93
Diameter at Midpoint, mm 14.13 15.56
Root Weight, grams 44.0 56.93
Cortex Thickness (Midpoint X-
3.86 5.41
Section), mm
Core Thickness (Midpoint X-Section),
3.32 3.97
mm
Brix (sugar content) 12.16 11.39
Surface Smoothness:
1 = Very Smooth; 2 = Dimpled or Very smooth
Dimpled or corrugated
Corrugated
Appearance of Secondary Root Scars: 1
Not prominent Prominent
= Not Prominent; 2 = Prominent
Halo: 1 = None; 2 = Faint; 3 =
None to faint Faint
Prominent
Zoning: 1 = None; 2 = Faint; 3 =
None to faint Prominent
Prominent
Below Ground Exterior Color: Light orange
Orange (RHS 168B)
Shoulder (RHS N163A)
Below Ground Exterior Color: Skin Orange (RHS 169C)
Orange (RHS 170B)
X-Section Interior Color: Phloem Orange (RHS 168B)
Orange (RHS 172C)
41
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