Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Description
An Energy Conservation House
With Energy-saving Curtain Wall, Decorative Wall, and
Plastered Wall
Field of Techniques
100011 This energy conservation house with energy-saving curtain wall,
decorative wall,
and plastered wall pertains to the construction industry.
Background Techniques
100021 1) With modern buildings, consumption of energy includes lighting,
heating,
air-conditioning, cooking, television, etc., among which the consumption of
heating
and air-conditioning takes more than half. At the same time, buildings in
fashion mostly
use curtain walls, whose rate of heat--loss is several times that of brick
walls. If
this type of buildings are constructed too much, energy shortage will soon
occur. As
a consequence, energy conservation of building has come to a point of urgency.
100031 The roof of building, if exposed to the sun, can be over-heated in
summer. For
this the technology of roof insulation 17as been well-developed: with
insulation layer,
water-proof layer, etc. installed onto the roof.
100041 In the past, insulation of external wall relied on thickness of brick
wall or
tamped wall, which is not feasible with modern buildings for reasons of
weight. and saving
of materials. So solid brick wall or tamped wall are being phased out.
Currently there
are mainly three types of external insulation: 1. Insulation layer added
outside of
the wal 1 ; 2. Insulation layer in the wall ; 3. Insula.ti on layer inside of
the wall. If
the insulation layer is set outside of the wall, a protection layer has to be
installed
onto the insulation layer, and, as the latter is always soft or bubbled
material, its
appearance and firmness always cannot be ensured. If the insulation layer is
set inside
of the wall, the same problem exists. If the insulation layer is set in the
wall, the
. .
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Face-brick Techniques (patent no. ZL201520107548.X) can be applied, and the
problems
of insulation, appearance, and firmness can be Lffectively solved.
[0005] Insulation of floor is similar to that of roof, also needing
installation of
insulation layer, water-proof layer, etc. The floor needs to be put on
trusses, so that
people and furniture can be loaded on it.
[00061 As far as insulation is concerned, the door and window of a building
take a role
as important as the external wall, because the area of doors and windows
always takes
approximately half of the total area of external wall. Ordinary wooden doors,
metal
doors, hollow-glass windows, etc. all have heat transmission coefficients much
higher
thaninsulatedexternal brick wall or cement wall, forming a bottle-neck to the
over-all
insulation. To boost insulation of doors and windows to the same level as the
latter
is a challenging problem. Only when this problem is well-solved, can
insulation of doors
and windows match that of Face-brick external wall, roof, and floor, and
realize high
insulation of house in the real sense, at the same time realizing a. low
construction
cost, making the technique applicable for general use. On the contrary, if
there exist
such a bottle-neck in the whole enclosure of the building, no matter how high
insulation
performance other parts have, that for the whole building can never be
perfected.
Meantime, if insulation is solely pursued without consideration of
construction cost,
although the aim is attainable, its general application is not possible. In
the walk
of construction, none of the above challenges and problems is solved yet.
1000712)Modern curtain walls include glass curtain wall, stone curtain wall,
ceramic
curtain wall, metal curtain wall, and curtain wall of other materials. The
advantage
of these curtain walls is their beauty and grand style, which have become a
feature
of modern cities. Their disadvantage is the high building cost, and poor
insulation
performance. Modern framed glass curtaii, wall mostly use hollow glass, whose
insulation
performance, in comparison with single-layer glass, flan be increased for a
number of
times, but is still far from that of insulated brick wall or cement wall,
because its
metal frames transmit heat too fast, even if thermal broken-bridges are added,
the
problem cannot be essentially solved. Talon glass curtain wall does not use
frames,
but its techniques do not support multiple-addition of hollow glass, thus also
can not
provide the desired insulation performance.
[0008] With stone curtain wall, the stone panels can be mounted through
different.
techniques, but mostly through the "short-groove" connection: short grooves
are made
on the upper and lower sides of the stone panel, then metal plates are used to
fix their
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positions. This technique and the current "back bolt" connection, 'thorough
groove"
connection all rely on high-strength metal frames to support the great weight
of stone
panels. These frames and the connecting gadgets between them and the panels
consume
a lot of metal materials, forming the huge building cost. If insulation
material is
filled between the stone panels and the external wall, its insulation
performance can
be boosted but is limited, as the mecal frames connect everywhere to increase
heat
transmission, and the metal frames have to be connected to the house frame in
such a
strong way as to make thermal broken-bridge difficult to be added.
[0009] Ceramic curtain wall and metal curtain wall also have the disadvantage
with cost
and insulation performance, similar to that of stone curtain wall.
100101 If problems in these two aspects are solved, that' s to say, if their
construction
costs are greatly decreased and their insulation performance is boosted to a
large
extent--then construction of curtain walls will be sustainable, fund and
energy will
be saved tremendously.
[0011]3)With decorative wall, decorating materials like tiles are glued to the
external
wall. With plastered wall, cement, sands, paint, etc. are added to the
external wall.
These two types of wall have low construction costs, but not high insulation
performances.
In comparison with high-insulation house, their insulation functions are far
behind.
If the Face-brick Techniques mentioned in Vie above text are combined with
these two
types of walls, there would occur a problem of proport ; on between brick-wall
appearance
and decorati ye wall, plastered wall appearance: the amount of walls with the
face-brick
appearance is limited, so the former can only replace the latter in a certain
range,
restraining application of the Face brick Techniques. This is also a problem
needing
solution.
Teclaiical Solutions
100121 By means of boosting door and window insulation to a great or even
unlimited extent,
the bottle-neck problem of house insulation can be solved and the aims of high
insulation
can be attained; Through structural improvement of all types of curtain walls,
decorative walls, and plastered walls, their insulation performance can be
made
controllable to will, and their features in appearance and feasibility of
construction
cost can be maintained: By renovation of already-buil t houses in
comparatively easy
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ways, general use of high-insulation house can be realized. The details of
these three
aspects are as below:
[0013] 1) High-insulation House:
100141 A) Thermal insulation of buildings shall be done from the whole so as
to greatly
cut their heal transmission (their heat traAsmission coefficient can be far
below 0.2w;
ill' = k).
[0015] B) On the basis of current techniques, insulation of doors and windows
can be
done per the following method:
[00161 a)As in figures 1, 2, thick glass panel 1 has the same shape and area
of the door
or window; holes 2 shall be made near the edges of glass panel 1; holes 3
shall be made
at the positions of pivot; hole 4 be made at the position of handle; hole 5 at
the position
of lock.
[00171 b)Make two or more glass panels with the same shape, area, and holes as
in a).
At the same time, make air-holes near the positions of upper and lower pivots
(except
with the outer-most glass panel, on which there shall be no air-hole).
[0018] c)On glass panels and near the edges, bar 6 of low insulation material
and square
cross-section (which can be made from glass or wood etc.) shall be stuck, and
on bar
6 bolt holes 7 shall be made.
[0019] d)Assemble all the glass panels directly with bolts 8 put through the
holes near
the edges. Bolt 8 shall pass through holes 2 and 7 (in the figure bar 6 and
bolt 8 are
enlarged for purpose of clarity) ; Bolt head 9 shall be put on the outer side
of the
door or window, bolt nut 10 shall he put on the inner side; Insulating covers
11, 12
shall be respectively put on bolt head 9, nut 10; If necessary, the cover can
he glued
to be made firm. When bolts 8 are tightened, it shall clamp bars 6 at the
edges, forming
the sides of the door or window as well as the cavities between the panels.
The panels
shall be thick enough to ensure firmness of the door or window (including
structural
strength and anti-burglary functions). The number of glass panels and the
distances
between them shall ensure that insulation of the door or window be boosted to
the desired
[0020] e)Mount parts of hinge at the position of pivot on the door or window
panels:
Mount parts of lock at its corresponding position.
100211 f)Seal the seams between the glass panels with sealant. Then fill the
cavities
between glass panels with inert gas via the air-holes, and seal the holes. If
the door
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or window does not need to be transparent and inert gas is not to be used,
insulation
plate or fiber etc. can be filled between the glass panels.
[00221 g) Manufac ture and install a door or window frame matching the door Or
window panel.
As in figures 3,4, door or window panel I can be well put into frame 2when
being closed.
In frame 2 there shall he a. resisting surface 3. On surface 2 there shall be
a. sealing
rubber bar 4, so as to make the door or window sealed at all sides when being
closed.
10023111)Mount parts of hinge at the position of pivot on the door or window
frame; Mount
parts of lock at its corresponding position.
[0024] i)Install the door or window on the frame.
[00251 j) All the steel or iron products used above shall be galvanized or be
stainless
steel. (this is also applicable to the text below. For convenience, it would
not be
reiterated).
100261 0 Features of the above door and window: a)The door or window is made
of multiple
layers of glass panel, which are assembled with bolts put near the edges
clamping the
bars (of glass or wood etc.) between the panels to form the sides and
cavities, and
to avoid heat-transmitting bridges; b)Distances between the glass panels and
number
of the panels' layers can be selected freely without affection to the
structural
strength; OThrough control of the distances between glass panels and number of
the
panels' layers any desired insulation level can be attained.
[0027] D) Key joints for realization of the above functions of door or window:
[00281a) Connection of fasteners: Thickness of the above door or window can be
increased
freely. With the increment of thickness, the multiple layers of door or
window' s panels
may be easier to dislocate. To avoid this problem, fasteners must be
installed. As in
figures 5,6,7,8, bolts 1, 2(see the top view in figure 5) can be set at
positions on
the door or window panel where fastening needs to be done; These bolts shall
clamp the
innermost glass panel 3 and fastening plate 4. On the outermost glass panel
another
fastening plate 7 shall be installed (in the same way as plate 4). A bolt hole
at the
left end of fastening plate 4 shall be made. At the same time, holes shall be
made oil
glass panels 5,6, etc. at the same position as the hole in plate 4, and with
the same
size. Then put bolt 47 through glass panel 5,6, and respectively fasten the
two ends
of bolt 47 into fastening plate 4 and 7. On the upper part of plate 7 a
connecting hole
for bolt 47 shall be made (see the back view in figure 6). On the lower part
of plate
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7, metal plates 7a, 7b shall be set. In both of these plates holes shall be
made in
the horizontal direction, through which a connecting metal bar 7c. shall be
assembled.
Metal bar 7c can turn in the holes of metal plates 7a, and 7b. On one end of
metal bar
7e, there shall be made a metal ring Td; on the other end there shall be a
resisting
piece fixed to the bar through methods like welding so that metal bar 7c won'
t slip
horizontally. On the innermost glass panel 3 there shall be installed another
fastening
plate 8 (see the side view in figure 7), on which there shall be set metal
plates 8a,
Sb (see the top view in figure 8). In both metal plates Sa, and 8b holes shall
be made
in the horizontal direction, through which a connecting metal bar 8c shall he
assembled.
Structure of metal bar Sc is the same as 7c. On metal bar Sd there is the
metal ring
Scl. Bolt 87 connects rings 8d and 7d (see the side view in figure 7).
[0029] By turning of metal bars Sc and 7c, the direction of metal rings 8d and
7d can
be adjusted so as to enable bolt 87 pass them. Then fix metal rings 8d and 7d
onto bolt
57 with nuts at. each side of the metal rings. When the nuts touching mental
ring Sc!
on bolt 87 are turned, the distance between fastening plate 8 and 7 can be
expanded
or reduced, thus the positions of every layer can be finely adjusted or fixed
in the
vertical direction, and dislocation or deformation from gravity or other
reasons can
be avoided. On the side of every glass panel grooves shall be made along bolts
87 and
47 (the bars clamped by the glass panels shall be thick enough at these
positions, so
when the grooves are made they won' t penetrate into the cavities between the
glass
panels. On glass panel 5 and 6 there shall be no groove made along bolt 47).
The cross
section of the grooves shall be shaped with a narrow opening but wider bottom,
and with
a. depth enough to totally hold the bolts. Then embed rubber bars into the
grooves to
seal bolts 87 and 47. The innermost glass panel 3 can be thicker than other
glass panels,
so as to increase strength and save material.
100301 b)Connection of hinge: As in figures 9,10, fastening plate I (see the
top view
in figure 9) can be installed onto the innermost panel of door or window in
the same
way as with fasteners. On fastening plate 1 there shall be a cylinder a, which
can be
connected the door frame or window frame. Cylinder a shall extend downward to
form one
body with the lower fastening plate 2 (see the back view in figure 10). Metal
plates
al, a2, hl, b2 (see the back view in figure 10), each of which has a hole,
shall be
installed onto the door frame or window frame. Then insert bolt c into the
hole of metal
plate al, insert bolt d into the hole of metal plate hi. In metal plate e
there are
screw holes a3 and b3. Turn bolts c and d so that they respectively enter
holes a3 and
b3. Then go on turning the bolts to let them respectively pass through nuts a4
and b4,
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as well as the holes of metal plates a2 and b2. Then add nuts a5, b5 onto the
ends of
bolts c and d. When the door or window is being connected to the frame, hole
b6 in metal
plate e shall be aligned with cylinder a on fastening plate 1. Then turn bolts
c and
d so as to move metal plate e, till hole b6 is fastened around cylinder a.
When both
the upper and lower hinges of the door or window arc connected, the vertical
position
of door or window can be finely adjusted by turning bolts c, d (and the
corresponding
bolts of the other hinge). When all the adjustments are done, on bolts c and d
the nuts
a4, a5, b4, b5 shall be turned tight. So do nuts of the other hinge. If the
noise from
turning pivot needs to be reduced, a bearing can be installed at the posi Lion
of hole
b6 in metal plate e, by a bearing box. Then put the bearing around cylinder a
(cylinder
a shall pass through both the bearing and metal plate e).
[0031] If two fasteners or two hinges are installed at one side of the door
panel or
window panel, their positions can be set in symmetry and opposite to each
other, as
shown in figures 11,12: a. is the upper fastener, h the lower Fastener; al is
the upper
hinge, bl the lower hinge. If there are both fasteners and hinges on a side,
the two
hinges shall be put at a farther distance from middle of the side than the
fasteners.
The number of fasteners on each side depends on the weight and thickness of
the door
or window; but on a vertical side the number cannot be less than one. If the
door or
window is heavy, the number of hinges can be greater than two.
100321 c) Sealing with door frame or window frame: As in figures 13,14,
sealing rubber
bar 1 is installed on base 2. Cylindrical rail 3, spring 4, moving block 5 are
set on
base 2. Screw 6 is installed on the top of rail 3 to prevent moving block 5
from leaving
the rail. In block 5 there are sliding holes 7 which can slide up or down in
the range
of rail 3. The lower part of sealing rubber bar 1 is imbedded in base top S.
Base top
8 is connected to moving block 5 with screw 9 and screw hole 5a in block 5. By
the strength
of spring 4, base top 8 is always pushed upward and tightly presses rubber bar
1 on
the door or window panel, making well sealing effects. At the same time, base
2 shall
be installed into box 10 made of low heat-transmitting materials like glass or
wood.
Box 10 shall be wide enough to give good insulation. At the four sides of door
or window
frame, boxes 10 shall be connected to form one body, and base tops S shall
also be
connected one after another (without break), so that the thorough sealing
effect can
be attained. Rail 3, spring 4, and moving block 5 can be continuously set
along the
sealing line (length of which has no limit), thus any length of base top 8 and
sealing
rubber bar 1 can be installed with assurance of simultaneous sealing or
opening. At
the mouth of box 10 the gap between the brim and sealing rubber bar 1 shall be
very
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small. When the door or window is being closed, spring 4 shall be strong
enough (and
rubber bar 1 shall be elastic enough) so that rubber bar I will be tightly
pressed on
the door or window panel and spread sideways to totally fill the gap. When the
door
or wind is being opened, rubber bar 1 shall restore its shape and the gap. In
the place
where the base tops are connected, double screw holes 5b and Sc can be made in
moving
block 5 to connect the two base tops. If the noise from sliding metals on rail
3 needs
to be reduced when the door or window is being closed or opened, the position
of sliding
may be polished, or glass sheath may be put on rail 3, then assemble spring 4,
moving
block 5, etc. on it.
=
[0033] E) Besides glass, the above door or window panel can be made of other
low
heat-transmission and high strength materials (this is also applicable to
glass curtain
wall and glass roof). This kind of door and window, when used together with
insulated
roof, insulated floor, and Face-brick external wall, can make the insulating
structures
cover every part of the house and reach the aim of high insulation. However,
as far
as appearance is concerned, if the external wall is only of face-brick, it' s
not
feasible with modern buildings. Only when the insulation performance of all
types of
curtain wall, decorative wall, and plastered wall are boosted to the same
level as
Face-brick wall, and costs of construction are greatly reduced¨can high
insulation
house be put to general use. What follows are ways for solving these problems.
100341 2) Insulated Curtain Walls, Decorative Wall, and Plastered Wall
100351 A) Glass curtain wall : The above mentioned insulated door and window
can freely
add hollow glass and freely select. distances between glass panels, hence its
insulation
level can reach or surpass insulated brick wall. Regarding this, as in figures
15,16
, glass wall block 1 and 2 can be assembled in the same way as door or window
panels,
and with a thickness of around 20 cm (or more), so that they can be laid on
the floor
without need of installing frames. Furthermore, bigger glass wall block 3
which has
the same height as a storey and bigger glass wall block 4 which is higher than
the storey
can be assembled. When glass wall block 1, 2, 3 are laid between the floors,
corresponding
techniques of talon glass curtain wall (like cable, connecting rod) can be
applied to
further increase their safety. If bigger glass wall block 4 is installed
outside the
floor, pre-embedded pieces 5 and 6 can be set to sunport and fix the glass
external
100361 Glass curtain walls constructed in this way (especially when the class
wall is
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totally installed outside the floor) can not only completely solve the problem
of thermal
insulation, but give an appearance not second to the traditional glass curtain
wall.
And their strength and durability can beat the latter. As for their weight, as
indicated
in figure 3, the innermost glass panel is thicker, other panels can be
thinner, and
the use of metal is greatly reduced, thence, the total weight is similar to
that of
framed glass curtain wall.
[0037] The amount of glass used in this kind of insulated glass curtain wall
is more
than talon glass curtain wall, hut they are self-supporting structures and the
stronger
materials for talon glass curtain wall can be mostly saved (the cable and
connecting
rod are used as a safety measure to prevent. the glass blocks from falling,
but not to
fix their positions), thus the cost will not rise but fall. The amount of
glass used
is also more than framed glass curtain wall, but the expensive frames of the
latter
are saved, thus the cost can be considerably reduced.
[0038] B) Stone curtain wall: As per figures 17,18, stone panel l' s connector
2 is
directly embedded in external wall 3 (see the side view in figure 17).
External wall
3 must be thick enough and strong enough, may be made by laying bricks 4 or
concrete
blocks 5. Connector 2' s parts a and b are pre-embedded in the joint of bricks
(see
the side view in figure 17 and back view in figure 18. The front half of parts
a and
b are vertical metal plates with a hole in them; their hind half are
horizontal metal
plales which can he embedded in the bricks). The two ends of part c can slide
in the
holes of a. and b. The screw thread on part c shall match that of turning nut
d. Tuning
nut d is connected to part h and Can -rotate. Tts resisting piece e can
prevent it from
leaving part b. Insert the two ends of part c respectively into a and b, then
turn d
to lot it pass through d. Parts al, hi, el, and nut dl are respective the same
as a,
b, c, and d, but imbedded in the lower layers of brick joint. Insert the two
ends of
cl respectively into al and bl, then turn dl to let it pass through di. On
parts f and
fl there is screw thread and they respectively have bolt heads d2 and d3. Bolt
heads
d2 and d3 pass through the holes in part 3 and can rotate; their resisting
piece el
can prevent them from leaving part c. Parts rand fl respectively pass through
the two
fixed nuts d22 and d33 connected to part g, and also pass through the guiding
holes
in the bottom of part g (when bolt heads d2 and d3 are turned, nuts d22 and
d33 can
make part g move up or down). The lower ends of f and fl are inserted into the
corresponding holes in cl. The length of f and fl &Lail be bigger than the
distance
between the upper and lower brick joints where the pre-embedded pieces are
fixed. F
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and fl are set at the two sides of c and cl' s midline so that when c and ci
are moved
horizontally, they will be prevented by f and fl from leaving the holes a, b,
and
bl. The length of c and cl shall enable them to have extra parts beyond the
holes at
one side while on the other side they have been moved to the limit.
[0039] The above parts need to he pre-embedded while the external wal 1 is
being built.
In the later stage for installation of the stone. panels, metal plate gl,
which has two
bolts fll and f22, shall be connected to part g by inserting bolts fll and f22
through
part g' s horizontal guiding holes hi, h2, and its turning nuts d4, d5 in the
back (which
have the same structure as d, dl). Then metal plate gl can be moved left and
right by
turning nuts d, dl, be moved up and down by turning bolt heads d2, d3, be
moved outward
and inward by turning nuts d4, d5. The outer part of this metal plate can be
made into
a right angle and form a step-shape, so as to hook the stone panel via the
short groove
at. its side. As the metal plate can be moved 3-dimentionally, and can be
finely adjusted
by turning the bolt nuts or heads, the stone panel can he precisely instal led
in the
desirc.cl position.
[0040] A stone panel can be fixed with four step-shaped metal plates. After
these four
metal plates are installed, when fine adjustment is to be made, extended or
transmission
sleeves and spanners need to be used for turning the bolt nuts or heads on
metal plates
at the lower and inner positions.
100411 Each of the above stone panels is directly installed onto the pro
embedded pieces
of the brick or cement external wall, sparing the huge metal frames, saving a
great
deal of materials, and can lower construction cost to a large extent. At the
same time,
the distance between the stone panel and external wall is shortened, which can
improve
strength and service life.
[0042] On the inner side of brick or cement wall, as per the Face-brick
Techniques, a.
cavity can be sot, in which insulating fibers can be filled, and metal pieces
can be
added to connect the innermost face brick. This technique is the same as in
the Face-brick
External Wall but in an opposite direction: The face brick is put on the inner
side.
For convenience, in the following text it will be called Face-brick Internal
Wall
Technique.
[0043] By virtue of this face-brick internal wall, insulation of stone curtain
wall can
completely meet the requirements. At the same time, the face-brick internal
wall can
directly be put to use in interior decoration.
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[0044] C) With ceramic curtain wall and metal curtain wall, the installations
are still
easier than stone curtain wall due to their plasticity. Short grooves can be
made on
the sides of ceramic panel and metal panel (or on their inner side near the
edges).
Then they can be directly installed onto the pre-embedded pieces of the brick
or cement
wall. At the same time, insulation layer and face-brick can be installed per
the
Face-brick internal wall technique.
[0045] D) Insulation of decorative wall and plastered wall can also be done
completely
in accordance with the Face-brick internal wall technique: A cavity can be set
inside
the external wall, in which insulation fibers are filled, and metal pieces are
used
to connect the innermost face-brick. Through this way, the problem of
proportion between
brick-wall appearance and decorative wall, plastered wall appearance can be
totally
solved: Its face-brick is set in the inner side, so won' t affect the
decoration or
plastering of external wall, thus the proportion of its use won' t he limited
in any
way. At the same time, the face-brick internal wall can be put to use in
interior
decoration. When a new decorative wall or plastered wall is being built, the
Bolt type
or Steel Bar type of Face-brick Techniques can be selected at will, so that
the connection
of external wall and face-brick can be done in a best way. When using the Face-
brick
internal wall technique to add an insulation layer onto a decorative wall or
plastered
wall that has already been built, the Bolt type is more convenient, and some
adjustments
need to be done: As in figures 19, 20, 21, on external wall 1 holes 2 and 3
can be made
in the oblique direction (see the sectional view in figure 19 and the back
view in figure
20) ; alternatively, grooves can be made in place of the holes. One end of
steel bar
4 can be bent. to make ring a, whose connecting point shall be welded; the
other end
can he bent to make a hook shape (or any other shape which can effectively
prevent the
steel bar from loosening. And cast pieces, etc. can be used instead of steel
bars) and
be inserted into hole 2. Use the same way to make steel bar 5 (including ring
al) and
insert it into hole 3. Then fill holes 2 and 3 with mortar, making rings a and
al overlap.
Make holes 6 and 7, which shall respectively have the same shape, size, and
direction
as holes 2 and 3. Then respectively insert steel bars S and 9 (which are the
same as
steel bars 4 and 5 and have rings a2 and a3) into holes 6 and 7, fill holes 6
and 7
with mortar, making rings a2 and a3 overlap. After the mortar in holes 2, 3,
6, and
7 has set, insert bolt 10 (or a rod with head) into rings a and al. Then onto
bolt 10
add steel bar 11 (or a cast piece, etc.) through the hole of steel bar 11 (see
the back
view in figure 20 and the top view in figure 21). Then push bolt 10 to enter
and pass
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rings a2, a3, and put a nut to its end (or put a fixing piece to the end of
the rod
with head).
[0046] In the later stage for laying face-brick, steel bar 11 can be moved up
and down
and be smoothly embedded into the joints of face-briek, completing a firm
connection.
[0047] When newly building high-insulation decorative walls and plastered
walls, if the
construction costs need to be lowered to a great extent till they become lower
than
un-insulated single walls of same materials, it can be done that after the
decorative
walls or plastered walls are built, all the interior plastering and decoration
be spared,
and proper insulation and decoration be completed through selection of
suitable
materials and installation methods. See the details in the part of Concrete
Implementation Methods.
[00481 3) Insulation of Houses Already Built
[00491 When doing high-insulation and decoration on all types of houses that
are already
built, the multiple-layer and freely-controllable insulation structure
described in
the previous text (Technical Solutions-I) can be applied, and suitable
materials can
be selected for direct installation onto the original wall, roof, floor, door,
window,
etc. so that the desired insulation aims and cost control can be attained. See
the
details in the part of Concrete Implementation Methods.
Brief Description of Drawings
[0050] Figures 1,2are Door or Window Panel; Figures 3,4 are Door or Window
Frame; Figure
is top view in the connection of fastener; Figure 6 is back view in the
connection
of fastener; Figure 7 is side view in the connection of fastener; Figure 8 is
top view
in the connection of fastener; Figure 9 is top view in the connection of
hinge; Figure
is hack view in the connection of hinge; Figures 11,12 are positions of
fasteners
or hinges in symmetry and opposite; Figures 13,14 are sealing with door frame
or
frame; Figures 15,16 are insulated glass curtain wall; Figure 17 is side view
of
insulated stone curtain wall; Figure 1S is back view of insulated curtain
wall; Figure
19 is section of insulated decorative wall and plastered wall; Figure 20 is
back view
of insulated decorative wall and plastered wall; Figure 21 is top view of
insulated
decorative wall and plastered wall's connector; Figure 22 is face-brick
external wall
connected by brick; Figure 23 is section of air filter: Figure 24 is top view
of air
filter; Figure 25 is front view of air filter; Figure 26 is transitional room
for
frequently-used door; Figure 27 is back view of adjustment device for hinge;
Figure
28 is side view of adjustment device for hinge; Figure 29 is minor panel of
door or
window; Figure 30 is supporting pieces of insulated glass curtain wall; Figure
31 is
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section of joint for up and down insulated glass walls; Figure 32 is
connection of
anti-burglary rod; Figure 33 is side view of movable reflective membrane' s
installation
device; Figure 34 is front view of movable reflective membrane's installation
device;
Figure :35 is back view of movable reflective membrane's installation device;
Figure
36 is bottom view of movable reflective membrane' s installation device;
Figure 37 is
section of movable reflective membrane' s installation device; Figure 38 is
front view
of movable reflective membrane's installation device; Figure 39 is side view
of cable
or rod' s connection; Figure 40 is top view of cable or rod' s connection;
Figures 40, 41
are assemblage of thin-glass wall block; Figures 43, 44 are installation of
air bag;
Figures 45,46 are front view of suspended wall block; Figure 47 is side view
of suspended
wall block; Figure 48 is front view of suspended inflated membrane structure;
Figure
49 is side view of suspended inflated membrane structure; Figure 50 is
pressure air
bag; Figure 51 is back view of inverted inflated membrane structure; Figure 52
is side
view of inverted inflated membrane structure; Figure 53 is inner flexible air
bag; Figure
541s sliding rod of flexible air bag; Figure 55 is alignment of connectors for
insulated
stone curtain wall, ceramic curtain wall, and metal curtain wall; Figure 56 is
extended
sleeve; Figure 57 is back view of transmission sleeve; Figure 58 is side view
of
transmission sleeve; Figure 59 is side view of transmission spanner; Figure 60
is back
view of transmission spanner; Figure 61 is front view of double extended
sleeves; Figure
62 is top view of double extended sleeves; Figure 63 is horizontal double
transmission
spanner; Figure 64 is back view of vertical double transmission spanner;
Figure 66 is
front view of vertical double transmission spanner; Figure 66 is section of
spanner' s
fastener; Figures 67,68 is installation of turning nut and bolt head; Figure
69 is front
view of face-brick internal wall' s connection; Figure 70 is side view of face-
brick
internal wall's connection; Figure 71 is front view of face-brick internal
wall's
connection; Figure 72 is side view of face-brick internal wall's connection.
Concrete Implementation Methods
[0051] 1) Implementation of the Insulated House:
[00521A) For thermal insulation of the roof, if the roof is flat, a common way
is to
firstly install a water-proofing and sealing layer on the roof to ensure that
it would
not leak water or air; then a ventilating layer is set above the water-
proofing and
sealing layer to let out the expanded air when heated and also let out the
water in
case water enter it; then an insulation layer (which can be of various
materials) is
set above the ventilating layer; On top of the insulation laver is set a water-
proofing
and protective layer.
100531 Another common way is to firstly install a water-proofing and sealing
layer on
the roof to ensure that it would not leak water or air; then on top of the
water-proofing
and sealing layer an insulation layer (which needs to be of non-water-
absorbing
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materials) is directly installed; then an air-permeable protective layer is
set above
the insulation layer.
[0054] These techniques of roof-insulation have been in use for many years.
Their main
purpose is to prevent too high temperature from the roof' s exposure to the
sun in summer
and to avoid quick loss of heat. in winter. They prove very effective, the
thicker
insulation layer, the better effect. Materials of the insulation layer must
not be
inflammable or explosive, and a reflective layer should be installed on the
insulation
layer to prevent heat radiation and further boost the insulation (all the
insulation
layers mentioned in the following text must also meet these two conditions.
For
convenience, they would not be reiterated one by one).
[0055] For slanted roofs, the insulation layer can be installed under the
roof. Thanks
to protection of the roof, the insulation layered would not be directly
exposed to the
sun and not wetted by rain. Therefore the ventilating layer, water-proofing
layer, and
protective layer mentioned above can be spared (but the sealing layer at the
bottom
cannot be omitted), and can be of various materials. The insulation layer
needs to cover
the whole of the roof' s under-layer. If the roof has strong enough supports,
the
insulation layer can be directly installed on them, otherwise supports need to
be set
up beforehand.
[0056] B) As the walls are vertical, the insulation materials cannot be laid
as on the
roof, increasing difficulty of installation. At the same time, modern
buildings are
comparatively tall, if the insulation materials are instal led outside the
wall there
can be caused potential dangers, nor can the visual effects be ideal. If the
conventional
insulation materials are installed inside the wall, although the potential
dangers are
decreased, the protective layer' s strength, performance, and visual effects
are still
big problems.
[0057] If the insulation layer is installed in the wall, then the above
problems of safety,
strength, performance, visual effects, etc. can all be solved. Yet when the
insulation
layer is set in the wall, there must be a cavity, and if the wall has a big
area the -
cavity' s strength and seismic resistance are also problems that must be
solved. The
techniques of Face-brick External Wall mentioned earlier can provide well
solutions
for them. Further, these techniques can freely adjust width of the cavity and
thickness
of the insulation layer, making the external wall reach any needed thermal
insulation
performance. When applying these Face-brick External Wall techniques, under
extreme
weather conditions and temperature differences, the house' s frame may form a
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disadvantageous thermal bridge. At this time, a reinforcing insulation layer
needs to
be installed at positions of the frame. As this installation is for part and
small areas,
it can be duly done through interior design.
100581 When applying the Face-brick External Wall techniques for insulation,
the
techniques can be extended as follows:
100591a) With the type of Bolt Connection, for every certain height when the
concrete
blocks are being laid, a thinner block can be laid which height shall be just
a little
bigger than a layer of face-brick (alternatively a number of layers by bricks
can be
laid, which height shall be just a little bigger than a layer of face-brick);
At the
same time, the bolt shall be pre-embedded directly at the thinner layer, thus
it can
be avoided to use longer bolt at bigger blocks, and the material can be saved,
strength
raised.
100601b) With the type of Bolt Connection, around the bolt can be put a sheath
of low
heat conductivity coefficient and of enough strength and hardness (which can
be made
of glass etc. Dimension of the sheath shall make it exactly fit the bolt
without gap.
The thicker sheath wall, the better insulation). Then a loop of steel bar can
be put
around the sheath, forming a thermal broken-bridge to further reduce heat
conductivity.
100611c) Widen the face brick to around 20cA so that it can be independently
laid with
enough strength and not needing to be connected to the inner wall (but the top
and bottom
of the bricks need to be connected to the house's floor or frame, and it shall
be avoided
to make too high a wall at the lobby etc. without connection or away fr...Jm
the house
frame. With items d, e, f below, it's the same). In this way the total width
of the
external wall is bigger, but the heat conductivity of metal connectors is
prevented
(although the amount of heat transferred by them is not much), further
boosting the
insulating performance.
100621d) Use concrete blocks for both inner and outer wythes, and spare the
connection
between them. In this way the outer wy the needs to be decorated, hut the cost
of building
will be reduced and the speed of construction will be raised. For buildings
not needing
visual effects of real bricks, this method has an advantage.
100631e) Use hollow bricks around 20cm wide for both inner and outer wythes,
and spare
the connection between therm If the visual effect of bricks is to be used, the
outer
wythe does not need to be decorated: If other visual effects are to be used,
the outer
wythe still needs decoration. In districts where hollow bricks are of low
price, this
method also has an advantage.
100641f) Use concrete blocks to lay the outer wythe, and bricks of enough
dimension
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to independently lay the inner wythe, sparing connection of the two wythes.
Under
certain conditions, this method is feasible (For instance, if the interior
decoration
needs brick effects, this method is advantageous over that of d).
100651g) Use hollow bricks for both inner and outer wythes (if the house is
not tall,
technically solid bricks can also be used. But they consume more material and
are
heavier), one of which can have smaller width. Use metal connectors to tie the
inner
and outer wythes, reaching enough strength. Alternatively, bricks can be used
to
directly connect the inner and outer wythes as illustrated in figure 22: In
the figure
brick 1, 2, 3, 4,5 have the same dimensions; Brick 5 is laid crosswise to
connect the inner
and outer wythes; At the two ends of brick 5, half bricks 6,7 are laid. To
make the
construction simpler and more convenient, brick 8 can be produced specifically
for
crosswise connection; Length of brick 8 is equal to that of brick 5 plus 6,
7(including
the joints). When laying brick 5 or 8, their amount shall not be too high (for
each
square meter one or two of them are enough) because too many crosswise bricks
will
increase heat conductivity; Also, their amount shall not be too low, so as to
ensure
the strength.
[00661h) Use thin concrete block to replace face-brick, and connect it to the
main wythe
ulu.ough bolt etc. With the structure of Face-brick External Wall, decoration
needs to
be done on this thin concrete block; With the structure of Face-brick Internal
Wall,
decoration also needs to be done on it. However, besides providing well
protection to
the insulation layer between the inner and outer wythes, and making the
external wall
strong enough, this thin concrete block can further reduce the cost of
building and
the lower its weight. If it is used for thermal insulating renovation on
already-built
decorative wall, plastered wall, stone curtain wall, ceramic curtain wall,
metal
curtain wall, etc, the connection method in Technical Solutions-2D (figures
19,20,21)
can be applied.
[00671'11e face-brick external wall, all sorts of brick walls, and concrete
block walls,
etc, which have cavities, will form a breathing mechanism: When the wall is
heated,
air will be expelled from inside, when cooled air will be sucked in. To
prevent vapor
from being sucked into the wall to affect insulating effects, the wall can be
sealed
with only a number of air-filtering pipes set inside the house: As in figures
23,24,25,
air-filtering pipe 1 is slightly-slanted (about 5 ) and fixed to a base
(seethe section
in figure 23); At the lower part of air-filtering pipe 1 is set stainless
steel net
2 (which can have multiple layers put at a distance to each other); At the
upper part
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of this pipe is lime channel 3; At the lover part of lime channel 3 is
stopping plate
4 which can prevent the time from slipping downward; In lime channel 3 is put
unslaked
lime whose height shall not surpass that of stopping plate 4; At top of
channel 3 is
set transparent glass 5 (or other transparent materials) for observation of
the lime,
and it can be taken off when the lime needs to be changed. If the air-
filtering pipe
needs to be extended, its route can be set to and fro with each segment near
to each
other (see the top view in figure 24). At the same time, the pipe's part of
lime channel
can be set horizontal and the number of stopping plates 4 can be reduced; The
pipe's
part with stainless steel nets still needs to be set slant, which can have a Z-
shape
(see the front view in figure 25) or a spiral shape, so that its channel can
continually
descend to prevent blocking of water drainage when the vapor condenses. The
pipe's part
with stainless nets needs to be made of metal and set in a container of cold
water for
the vapor to condense; The top end of the pipe shall be connected to the
inside of the
wall; The bottom end of the pipe shall go through the cold water container and
then
meet a funnel and drainage pipe (it cannot be directly connected to the
drainage pipe
so as to prevent damp air of drainage pipe from being sucked in). After the
unslaked
lime becomes powder, it shall be changed for new unslaked lime. Other moisture-
absorbing
materials can also be used instead of unslaked lime. In addition, basin with
lime or
other moisture-absorbing materials can be put in the wall cavity near the
drainage and
inspection hole and be changed at fixed period.
100681 Besides the face-brick external wall, the insulation house can also use
various
types of curtain walls (glass curtain wall, stone curtain wall, ceramic
curtain wall,
metal curtain wall, and curtain walls of other materials), as well as
insulated
decorative wall, plastered wall, etc. Besides the above conventional insulated
roofs,
the insulated house can still use roofs of multiple glass panels (see details
at
Implementation Methods of Insulated Glass Curtain Wall-A in the following
text), or
roofs of other low-thermal-conductivity materials with same structure as the
glass
panels.
[0069] C) With installation of the door or window, if the conventional wood
door, glass
door, metal door, aluminium alloy window, glass window, etc. are used, none of
them
can attain a high enough insulation level. Then the controllable multiple-
layer glass
door and window (which glass shall have treatments with low heat-radiation
membrane
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etc. All the glass walls and glass roofs in the following text need to have
this sort
of treatments; At places where there are special requirements of view, movable
reflective membrane can be used instead)described earlier (Technical Solutions-
1) or
door and window of other low-thermal-conductivity materials with same
structure and
technical principles as the multiple-layer glass must be used to achieve the
same
thermal performance as the insulated roofs and external walls.
100701 The fasteners for reinforcement at sides of the door, window, and
external wall
etc's glass panels or panels by other low-thermal-conductivity materials can
be made
of metal or other materials with high strength.
[00711 Between the glass panel and the bolt or other metal connectors there
shall be
set a gasket. to prevent the glass from being harmed (this shall apply with
all glass
panels in the following text. For convenience, they would not be reiterated).
100721 This type of door and window uses thick glass and firm installation,
thus its
strength and anti-burglary function can be much higher than conventional doors
and
windows, and its service life won't be shorter than them.
[0073]At places of exit, entrance, etc. where the door is frequently opened
and close,
a transitional room can be set as in figure 26: Doors 1,2 are normally closed;
When
door 1 is opened door 2 is closed, when door 2 is opened door 1 is closed, so
heat
conductivity by the air can be gieatly reduced.
[0074] In the hinge connection of door frame or window frame (see figures
9,10), the
frame's metal plate e can be vertically adjusted. If it needs to be made
adjustable
in the left-right direction, it can be done as in the back view of figure 27:
Metal
plates 1,2,3,4 with smooth holes can be horizontally pre-embedded or
installed;
Beforehand, threaded metal rod 5 shall be put in the holes of metal plates
1,2, and
threaded metal rod 6 shall be put in the holes of metal plates 2,4; On metal
rod 5 shall
be set vertical holes al,b1; on metal rod 6 be set vertical holes a2,b2. The
rest of
connection is the very same as in figures 9,1O In i r ,.....gare 27, by
turning the horizontal
bolt nuts on metal rods 5,6, metal plate e can be adjusted in the left-right
direction.
If it needs to be made adjustable in the inward-outward direction at the same
time,
metal plates 1,2,3,4 in figure 27 can all be set with the same structure as in
the side
view of figure 28: Bolts 7a, 7b are embedded or installed up and down at the
frame; By
turning the nuts on them, metal plate 7 can be adjusted in the inward-outward
direction.
Besides, metal plates 2,4 in figure 27 can be set at the right side of holes
bl,b2,
while metal rods 5,6 are extended rightward to go through the holes in metal
plates
2,4 (In this way metal plate e needs to be extended in many cases, otherwise
it cannot
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pass the position of metal plates 2,4 to reach the connector of the door or
window panel.
If metal plate e is not extended, then the connector of the door or window
panel needs
to be extended to reach metal plate e. When extending the connector of the
door or window
panel, if it is very long, the pivot on the connector shall be set in a pair
rather
than just one; at the same time, metal plate e of the door or window fame
shall also
be set in a pair so as to clamp the connector enabling it to support
independently and
greatly reduce the stress on the door or window panel. When using this
connection of
pivots-in-pair, for door or window whose pivots are set vertically, it's
horizontal
length on the door or window panel can be set very big to support very wide
door Of
window; for window whose pivots are set horizontally, its performance for
safety is
also higher than single pivot). The cross-section of metal plate e can be a L-
shape,
"[" shape, or a square shape, etc, whose bending strengths are much higher
than a flat
plate.
[00751 If the door or window is set at the inner side of the house, when the
sealing
device of the door or window's frame is installed (see Technical Solutions-
1Dc, and
figures 13,14 ), the door or window's panel will be moved inwards and may
cause a visual
effect of being sunk. If it is needed to make it flush, a minor panel can be
added on
the outmost panel: As in figure 29, door or window panel l's minor panel 2 is
flush
with frame 3 when the door or window is closed; Between minor panel 2 and door
or window
panel I is set bai-shaped matelial 4 which is Giamped by ben 5, Cavity G eau
have
air-holes at the upper and lower parts of its inner side which holes shall be
connected
to other cavities. If the door or window is set at the outer side of the
house, when
the sealing device of the door or window' s frame is installed with the device
concealed
under the external wall' s surface rather than bulging out, the door or
window's panel
will also be moved inwards and may cause a visual effect of being sunk. If it
is needed
to make it flush, a minor panel can he added on the outmost panel in the same
way.
100761 When the door or window is closed, the gap between the door or window
panel and
the frame may infiltrate water in rainy days. On all doors or windows opening
outward
and inward, at the bottom of their frames water-collecting channels and
drainage tubes
shall be set, which channels and tubes are connected to the drain-pipes in the
house
or are directly connected to outside the wall.
[00771D) Insulation of the floor at the lowest storey of the insulated house
can be
clone with reference to the insulation of the roof, and as per this solution:
a)Install
the water-proofing and sealing layer at the bottom; Kay the insulating layer
of
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non-water-absorbing materials on top of the water-proofing and sealing layer;
If other
insulating materials are used, a water-proofing layer needs to be set on the
insulating
layer; c)Set joists above the insulating layerandthewater-proofing layer with
a space
under the joists to form a ventilating layer with outlet; d)Install the floor
on top
of the joists.
100781 Insulation of floor needs only to be done at the lowest storey of the
house. If
the house has multiple levels of basement, and the soil around the basement is
dry,
then there is no need to do insulation on floor of the lowest basement or on
its walls.
If the house's basement is used as a garage without insulation, then on the
first floor
above ground insulation needs to be done.
100791 E.) Determination of thickness with the roof, external wall, door,
window, and
floor: According to different climatic conditions, the house's planned
insulation level
(or heat transmission coefficient), and choice of materials at each part, the
structure
and thickness of materials (not just those for the insulating layer) shall be
determined.
Due to different heat conductivity coefficients of different materials, when
there are
multiple materials for choice, determination of material shall be done before
that of
thickness; When the material has been decided on, preliminarily detemine its
thickness
according to requirements of insulation; Then do theoretical calculations and
actual
tests to ensure that the heat transmission coefficients of every location are
similar
or matching each other without forming a bottle-neck. At the same time, the
exposure
to heat at different locations of tholtouse need to be thoroughly examined
(for instance,
the roof is directly exposed to the sun, its requirements on insulation is
higher than
that of the external wall; The part of external wall near the stove also has a
higher
requirements on insulation than other parts), and adjustments shall be done
accordingly.
[00801 F) As the insulated house is tightly sealed, its rooms in which people
live and
its public areas must be ventilated at fixed time everyday by opening the door
and window.
It shall be avoided to save a little energy of temperature adjustment by
bringing stale
air or potential danger. The rooms where nobody lives shall have the windows
closed
and the movable reflective membrane spread so that they would not affect
insulation
of the whole building. Ventilation of the stair case etc. shall be done by
connection
to the public area of lobby etc. rather than directly opening to the outside;
Small
rooms shall keep air-circulation with the public area (louver for ventilation
can be
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set). Ventilation of kitchen, toilet can be done with direct opening to
outside, but
its internal wall and door must have an insulating layer (this insulating
layer can
have a lower level than the external wall because the ventilation of kitchen
needs to
be done only when cooking is being done, and that of the toilet needs not to
be done
at too high a speed, resulting in temperatures of these rooms different from
that of
outside. This insulating layer shall be set on the basis of temperature in the
rooms),
and its performance shall match that of the whole building predetermined.
100811 In very cold or hot areas (or areas with fickle whether), there must be
adequate
anti-cold or anti-heat equipment in the insulated house in case the
door, window, roof,
etc. of the house get damaged and frostbite, heatstroke, or other dangers be
caused.
In areas of milder climate the preparation must also be done in cold and hot
seasons.
[008212) Implementation Methods of Insulated Glass Curtain Wall
[00831A) When the glass wall is installed outside the house's frame, if the
frame is
reinforced concrete, supports need to be pre-embedded. As in figure 30,
supports 1,2,3,4
can be pre-embedded in the frame at the floor-level of a storey; supports
5,6,7,8 can
be pre-embedded at in the frame at the ceiling-level, of a storey. Supports 1
and 2,
3 and 4, 5 and 6, 7 and.8 are respectively close to each other forming pairs
to increase
the strength (suppose one support in a pair is damaged, the other must. be
able to bear
the whole weight). On each support there is thread, and the length of the
support shall
surpass thickness of the glass wall, so that bolt nuts can be installed. At
the side
of glass wall 9 there are fasteners (see figures 5,6,7,8 for their specific
structure)
to prevent the multiple layers of glass panel from dislocation and
deformation. Glass
wall 9 shall be installed on top of supports 1,2,3,4 and below supports
5,6,7,8; Then
install the gasket and bolt onto the thread of the support. Between glass wall
9 and
supports 5,6,7,8 there shall be left a space as an expansion joint. Top of
this expansion
joint and top of the glass uall must be fully covered behind the bolt nut and
gasket.
All the supports must bear the weight of the glass wall above them and at the
same time
fix the position of glass wall below them. The part of the support that
contact the
glass wall shall have a rectangular cross section which should be level to
increase
the area of contact with the glass wall; The part of the support beyond the
glass wall
shall have a circular cross section so that the thread and bolt nut can be
set. If the
glass wall has such a great weight that two pairs of supports are not enough
to bear
it, then the number of supports shall be increase for the same glass wall.
[0084] If the above supports 1,2,3,4 and 5,6,7,8 cannot be well aligned
horizontally
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when being pre-embedded, then each support shall be made vertically
adjustable: Two
vertical threaded holes can be made in the support at the part of contact with
the glass
wall; Then turn two vertical bolts (the bolt head facing upward) into the
threaded holes
respectively, and turn the bolt heads to align them to the same level for the
same storey;
Then tighten the bolt nut at the lower end of the bolt; Lastly put a
rectangular metal
box-cover onto the two bolts (thickness and width of the box-cover shall be
adequate
to bear the glass wall and reduce the load per unit area) ; at the same time
increase
diameter of the horizontal bolt nut and its gasket to prevent the glass wall
from moving
Off the bolt and gasket' s covering range.
[0085] Between two horizontal glass walls there shall be set an expansion
joint also.
The gap between two horizontally or vertically neighboring glass walls shall
be sealed.
At places where there are people passing or staying tempered glass needs to be
used.
[00861 The joint between an upper and a lower glass wall can have the section
as in figure
31: The inner sides 1,2 of an upper and a lower glass wall are level; The
outer sides
3,4 of them are beveled. In this way rain can be prevented from entering into
the wall
or inside the house. At where the supports are installed, the glass block
above the
joint shall have its outer side 3 filed flat, so that the support can pass
through the
channel made by the filing (the channel can also be made by directly moldag
etc.. which
can form the same shape), and every layer of the glass wall can be put on the
support;
At this position, the glass wall under the joint should not have its outer
side 4 beveled,
but keep the original shape (which section is of a right angle), so as to
prevent the
bolt nut and gasket on the support from not contacting the glass wall or not
haying
a big enough contact area to make a strong enough cover and fixation. At the
position
of support sealing must be done by sealant to make good water-proofing. Each
layer of
glass (except the outermost layer) with the glass wall shall have a small hole
at the
upper and lower ends for filling inert gas and to be closed. In case water
enters the
glass wall causing vapor, it can be expelled through the hole also. The holes
of every
layer shall be aligned so that they can be blocked or opened at the same time
(All the
glass walls and roofs in the following text shall have this kind of air-hole.
The door
and window shall also have air-holes set in this way. )
100871 Anti-burglary devices shall be installed inside the glass wall at
positions where
necessary. In figures 1, 2, the length of bolt S can be extended and an extra
bolt nut
can be set at its inner side; Then this bolt, can be connected to the anti-
burglary rod
fixed at. the house frame. Connection of the anti-burglary rod can be done as
in figure
32: The two ends of anti-burglary rod I are looped with the ends welded; Ring
a of
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anti-burglaryrocll is connected to bolt 2 of the glass wall through bolt nut
a4 (Between
ring a and bolt 2 there shall be set an insulating sheath; At the two sides of
ring
a there shall be set insulating rings a2, a3 respectively; The insulating
sheath and
insulating ring can be made of glass or other materials with low heat
conductivity
coefficient and with certain hardness and strength; The thicker material, the
better
insulation: But diameter of the insulating sheath must be smaller than that of
bolt
nut al, so that even if insulating ring a3 is broken and has fallen off, ring
a of
anti-burglary rod I won't move off bolt 2 for a bigger diameter than that of
bolt nut
al). On bolt 3 there is set bolt head 4 and thick. metal gasket 5; Anti-
burglary rod
l's ring b is put around bolt 3 and fixed with bolt nut 6; Bolt 3 is inserted
into the
holes of metal plates 7,8; Metal plates 7,8 are fixed to the house frame or
floor; Bolt
nut 9 is put outside metal plate S. When bolt nut 9 is turned tight (at this
time bolt
head 4 needs to be fixed with a wrench etc.), anti-burglary rod 1 will be
pulled tight
(it shall not be pulled too tight and harm the glass). When being actually
installed,
anti-burglary rod 1 needs to be installed to bolt 3 first; Then bolt 3 shall
be put
into holes 7,8; Then the glass wall shall be installed; Lastly anti-burglary
rod I shall
be connected to bolt 2.
100881 At bolt 2's end there shall be set a pin to prevent bon nut al from
falling off
the bolt if the bolt head outside the wall is turned; At the same time, a
stopping block
shall be set on the house's frame or floor to prevent anti-burglary rod 1 from
turning
together with bolt 2 (If bolts 2,3 are set very near to the house frame or
floor, this
can also prevent anti-burglary rod 1 from continuously turning). If the force
from
anti-burglary rod 1 onto the glass wall needs to be made more even, the rod
can be set
in a symmetrical pair (with a shape like turnbuckle). In addition, for better
visual
effects, position of metal plates 7,8 needs to be accurate; Dimensions of anti-
burglary
rod 1, bolt 2,3 need to be uniform. After the above connectors have been
installed,
insulating caps need to be installed on bolt 2 and its nut al (see Technical
Solutions-lBd and figure 2). As on bolt 2 there are added many components, on
its nut
a4 an insulating cap cannot be installed; then an insulating ring can be put
around
it beforehand.
[00891 If steel structure is used for the house frame, the above pre-embedded
components
of glass wall can be directly installed on the steel structure, and the rest
of
installation is just the same. As the insulation layer is set outside the
house, the
disadvantage of steel structure's insulation can be eliminated.
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100901 The above glass wail can also be horizontally or obliquely installed at
the roof
for skylight. Meanwhile, the supporting structure must be strong (being able
to bear
the total weight of roof and the maximum possible rain and snow loads, wind
load,
earthquake impact, etc. ; It must also meet requirements of planned
performances with
rust-proofing, corrosion resistance, and aging resistance. All the roof
supporting
structures in the following text must be the same as these) Its specifics vary
according
to the specific shapes and structures of different buildings. Also, movable
reflective
membranes need to be installed to prevent a disadvantageous greenhouse effect
or heat
radiation. Installation of the movable reflective membranes can be done as per
figures
33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38: Pivots 1, 2 are respectively installed at the two
sides of the glass
pane I (see side view in figure 33) ; Between the pivots there is guiderail 3;
Reflective
membrane 4 covers the total area between pivots 1,2; At the two sides of
reflective
membrane 4 there are multiple connectors 5 to connect it to guiderail 3 (see
front view
in figure 34, in which the view is enlarged for clearer display) ; In
connector 5 there
are pulleys a, b, c, d and al, bl, cl, dl (see the back view in figure 35,
which is enlarged
for clearer display), which can slide along guiderail 3; One end of reflective
membrane
4 is connected to pulling strip 6 (see the side view in figure 33), whose
length equals
that of membrane 4; On the pulling strip there are also connectors 5 to
prevent it from
leaving guiderail :3. When spreading the reflective membrane, turn pivot 2 by
electric
motor or manually, so the pulling strip would be scrolled around the two ends
of pivot
2 pulling membrane 4 along guiderail 3; When moving off the reflective
membrane, turn
pivot 1 by electric motor or manually, so membrane 4 would be pulled back
along guiderail
3 and scrolled around pivot 1. At the two ends of guiderail 3 are set oblique
panels
7,8 (see the upward view in figure 36 and the section in figure 37) on which
there are
pulleys; Iii the space between oblique panels 7 and 8 only the reflective
membrane and
tho pulling strip can pass; The pulleys on the oblique panels can push
connector 5
outwards and upwards, so as to guide them to guiderail 3. When pivots 1,2 have
been
installed, there must be set a shell which can support the total weight of
them, and
should be installed as close to the wall as possible. Connector Sand its
pulleys need
to be made of light materials like plastic etc., with minimized dimensions on
the
condition of keeping adequate strength; The pulleys of connector 5 shall he
totally
covered under its shell to prevent the connector from being intertwined to
each other.
Through this Connection With Pivots, as long as the material of the reflective
membrane
is light enough, it can cover a rather big width (This width is mainly limited
by pivots
1,2: If pivots 1,2 are two wide, the installation would not be convenient);
There is
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almost no limit to the length which this reflective membrane can cover.
100911Ifa reflective membrane of very big width needs to be installed, it can
be done
as in the front view of figure 38: Ring 9 for pulling cable is set on
connector 5; Pivots
1,2 and oblique panels 7,8 in the Connection With Pivots are omitted so that
reflective
membrane 4 and pulling strip 6 can be moved along guiderail 3 by pulling the
cable in
ring 9: The cable can be pulled with electric motor or manually. When the
reflective
membrane or pulling strip is moved to the limit, they will be folded; thus
they shall
be made of materials not easy to leave folding marks. The middle section of
the pulling
cable is connected to the joint of the reflective membrane and the pulling
strip so
that it can be moved in either direction to make the reflective membrane
spread or fold.
When being pulled, the cables along both the guiderails at the two sides can
be rolled
together to realize synchronous operation. This type of Connection With
Folding needs
to occupy a certain area after the reflective membrane is folded; If it is
necessary
to avoid its occupation at the roof, guiderail 3 can be extended downward or
upward
along the inner side of external wall, so as to move the folded reflective
membrane
to the inner side of wall. If the distance between two connectors 5 along
guiderail
3 is made greater, it can also reduce the occupied area by the reflective
membrane on
the roof.
10092111e above reflective membrane installed by Connection With Pivots and
Connection
With Folding can be applied on the roof as well as other positions.
[00931 For the purpose of drainage, the roof usually needs to have a slope,
and between
the glass panels there shall be well overlapping or sealing.
[0094] If the visual effect of conventional framed glass curtain wall needs to
be made
on the above glass curtain wall (and on all the other glass curtain walls
mentioned
in the text below), holes can be made in tha outermost glass panel and metal
bars can
be installed at the holes (The different thermal expansion coefficients of
different
materials and firmness of installation need to be fully Considered. For
materials with
different thermal expansion coefficients, expansion joints shall be set; For
firmness
of installation, bolts and nuts shall be used for connection). This method can
also
be used for other visual effects (including using whole metal panels to make
the visual
effect of metal curtain wall. When doing this, it must be prevented that dark
face panels
absorb the sunray and get overheated, for which an isolating layer shall be
set).
p00954 Thick glass and firm installation are applied on this type of glass
curtain wall,
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whose strength is not second to any other glass curtain walls, yet with a much
longer
service life.
100961 B) If the glass wall is installed between the floors, it is not
advantageous for
insulation of the whole house. However, in comparison to the above
installation method
which puts the glass wall outside the house frame, this way of putting them
between
the floors can use glass walls of smaller dimension, and also spare the
fasteners at
the glass wall's sides. Under many circumstances (e. g. in areas not too cold
or too
hot) this way has the feasibility for use. Now, as dimension of the glass wall
block
can be smaller than the distance between the floors, the glass wall blocks can
be laid
one upon anther (According to dimensions of different wall blocks, one layer
or multiple
layers can be laid. The smaller wall block, the less advantageous insulation)
; Meanwhile,
each wall block shall be connected by bolt to a pulling cable or pulling rod.
As the
position of pulling cable or pulling rod can be set very near to this bolt,
their
connection can be done as per figures 39, 40: Two rings a, b are set at the
two ends of
connecting rod 1; Holes al, bl and U-shaped bolt 3 are set on connector 2 (see
the top
view in figure 40, which is enlarged for clearer display). After the position
of pulling
cable or pulling rod 4 is precisely adjusted, put bolt, 3 through holes al,
lii, and turn
the bolt nuts onto it; Then connect ring b of connector 1 onto bolt 3; Lastly
tighten
all the nuts on bolt 3. The connection of the pulling cable or pulling rod and
the floor
can be done by embedded parts in the floor, which embedded parts can be 4
metal plates
with holes and can make 2-dimensional adjustments like the hinge of door or
window (see
Technical Solutions-Bb and figure 10, also Implementation of the Insulated
House-C
and figure 27), so that the position of pulling cable or rod can be adjusted
in the
outward-inward and left-right directions. In addition to the wall seams with
structural
sealant, the pulling cable or rod shall be able to prevent the wall block from
falling
off and hold its total weight; As lung as this aim can reached, the pulling
cable or
needs not to be set too thick or too tight.
100971 The strength of this type of glass curtain wall is also not second to
any other
glass curtain walls, yet with a much longer service life.
[0098] When the glass wall is continuously laid in the horizontal direction,
an expansion
joint shall be set at every curtain distance. In the vertical direction, the
structure
and materials of the house, as well as climatic conditions shall be examined
before
deciding whether to set expansion joint. If the block-laying joint has a
curtain
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thickness and elastic structural silicone adhesive is used, it can bring a
curtain
function of expansion joint. If the expansion of house frame is greater than
that of
the wall, then more detailed calculations and experiments need to be done.
[00991 The gap between two glass blocks and that between glass block and floor
need to
be sealed. At places where there are people passing or staying tempered glass
needs
to be used.
101001 Motionless glass walls (whether they are installed outside or between
the floor)
usually won' t be shaken or impacted like the door or window. In this case the
house
needs only to set a layer of thick glass on the outside at its ground floor
(for
anti-burglary purpose), and other storeys of the house need only to seta layer
of thick
glass at the inner side; at the same time, all the other layers can have the
thickness
of glass greatly reduced while keeping thickness of the bars clamped between
the glass
panels unchanged. In this way the weight of the glass wall can be minimized
without
reducing its whole strength and insulating performance. In a house possible to
get
impact to the inside of room at the ground floor, a layer of thick glass can
also be
set at -the inner side. In an area with strong wind or at the higher storeys
of a building,
if the outmost layer of glass is of thin anti big glass panel, calculations of
wind load
and experiments need to be done in emphasis, so as to prevent the glass from
damage
by the wind; If the wind is too strong, glass of corresponding thickness and
strength
must be used (All the external walls with thin glass in the .following text
shall be
the same as this). When the glass wall block is horizontally or obliquely
installed
at the roof, the bottom layer of glass cannot have a reduced thickness; The
intermediate
layers of glass can have thickness reduced; At places where it is possible to
be impacted
by hail etc. or have loads of rain or snow, the top layer of glass also must
have
corresponding thickness and strength (this also fits all the roofs in the
following
text and roofs of other materials).
101011C) For the glass wall installed outside the house frame, if it is
desired to omit
the fasteners at its sides, the pre-embedded suppor Ls at the floor under the
glass wall
need to be set stronger; at the same time, each of the four bolts at the four
corners
of every wall block needs to be connected to the anti-burglary rod. The anti-
burglary
rods shall be able to hold the total weight of the wall block and provide the
dual
functions of preventing burglary and increasing structural safety. At storeys
above
the ground floor, if there is no impact of external forces or strong wind, all
the glass
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except that of the door or window can be set as thin tempered glass,
cancelling thick
glass.
101021 The whole glass external wall has the function of light transmitting.
Awindow
set in the internal wall is needed only when there is no door in the wall and
ventilation
is desired.
Rica" For the glass wall laid between the floors, at storeys above the ground
floor,
if there is no impact of external forces or strong wind, all the glass except
that of
the door or window can also be thin glass. Assemblage of the wall block of
thin glass
between the floors can be done as per figures 41,42: The bigger dimension of
glass panel
1 (as long as it is not greater than the distance between the floors), the
better
insulation; The smaller dimension of the glass panel, the better strength; On
side 2
there are stopping bars 3,4,5which can be glued at every certain distance by
structural
adhesive to fix positions of glass panels 6 of each layer; Then glue together
two
adjacent sides and one glass panel: Next glue other glass panels; Finally glue
the other
two sides. Near the top and bottom of each glass panel (except the outermost
panel)
there shall be set an air-hole respectively for filling inert gas, or removing
vapor
incase water eniers the cavity, -..: If the wall block is smaller, dimension
of the air-hole
shall be proportionally smaller, and colorless sealing material shall be used
on the
hole, so that the visual effect would not he affected.
p01041 This type of glass wall laid between the floors needs not to use bolt,
pulling
cable, pulling rod, etc., thus the probability of its falling off is
increased. However,
if tempered glass is completely used where people may pass or stay and railing
or
protective net is installed inside the room near the glass external wall (For
thin glass
wall installed outside the house frame, the railing or protective net must
also be
installed), the problem of safety can be solved.
101051 The strength and expected service life of this type of glass curtain
wall by laid
blocks are similar to those of framed glass curtain wall.
p31061 The advantage of the above glass walls installed outside the house
frame and
between the floors is that the cost of building will be reduced further and to
a great
extent, even lower than that of decorative wall or plastered wall; At the same
time,
its visual effects won't be second to any other curtain walls. With another
advantage
of thermal insulation in addition, it is possible to gain popularity.
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[0107] For a conventional glass curtain wall already built, if renovation for
the high
insulation needs to be done, the thin glass curtain wall can be laid inside
the original
glass curtain wall and at the edge of the floor. As the weight of the whole
wall is
increased, calculation shall be done on the building's structure and the
foundation's
loads; If necessary, reinforcement shall be done.
[0108]The wall block of thin glass can also be used for internal partition
wall. At
this time, the number of glass layers can be reduced, and smaller glass wall
blocks
can be laid at the lower part of wall, bigger glass wall blocks laid at the
upper part
of wall. This type of partition wall has a limited strength, yet has many
advantages
in terms of low cost, light weight, thermal insulation, sound insulation,
attractive
appearance, fast construction, etc.
(01091 In areas with extreme temperature difference from inside to outside of
a house,
if the glass wall is installed between the floors, an insulating layer can be
set inside
the house at locations of the house's structural frame, so that the effect of
thermal
bridge can be well reduced; However, the best way is to install the glass wall
outside
the house's frame, or to install a short and narrow wall outside the house's
frame,
which short and narrow wall shall have the same structure as the glass wall
and
completely cover the house's frame. At the middle part of these short and
narrow wall
there can beset two or more holes for connection (a ring-shaped bar shall
beset around
the hole to prevent the inert gas in the cavity from leakage, also to ensure
strength
at the hole's location), and these holes for connection shall be put onto the
bolts
pre-embedded or installed at the house's frame: Then, at the end of the bolt
shall be
installed gasket, bolt nut, and insulating cap.
[01101 The above thin-glass wall block can also be horizontally or obliquely
installed
at the roof for skylight. However, as a block of thin-glass, besides
completely using
tempered glass, the block yet needs to be installed on a fairly dense
supporting
structure. If it is needed to install a big-size glued glass block onto a
comparatively
sparse supporting structure, the bottom laver of glass must be replaced by
thick
tempered glass, the intermediate layers can be thinner, the top layer's
thickness shall
depend on the possible impact it may receive and the loads of rain, snow, and
wind.
pomp) In areas with great temperature change, if thick glass is used for the
above
insulated glass curtain wall, roof, door, and window, the change of
temperature will
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have a negative effect on the sealant: The difference of air pressure may
break the
sealant; if thin glass is used for the above insulated glass curtain wall,
etc., the
change of temperature will have a negative effect on the glass: The difference
of air
pressure may damage the glass. If these happen (in many areas they may), the
air-holes
of every glass panel (including the air-holes in the short and narrow walls
installed
outside the house frame. During installation of the short and narrow wall, its
air-hole
shall be connected to inside the house by ageing-resistant and not-easy-to
break tube)
shall be connected to air-bags. The air-bag can be nut at a convenient place
and
connected to the air-hole facing the inside of room or to the tube connected
to the
outside of. room. At the position of the air-hole facing the inside of room a
round tube
can be glued using structural adhesive; Then put the air-bag's tube onto the
tube of
the air-hole tightly. When the inert gas in the glass cavity is heated and
expelled,
the air-bag will be expanded; When the glass cavity is cooled and sucks the
gas, the
air-bag will shrink. If there are many air-holes on the wall, the air-bag's
tube can
have branches. The air-bag and tube should be sealed to prevent leakage of the
gas.
[0112] To save space, the air-bag can be put in a. hollow partition wall. The
glass
partition wall described in Implementation Methods of Insulated Glass Curtain
Wall-C
can do the job; As in figures 43,44, vertical opening 2 is made at the inner
side of
glass block L Size of air-bag 3 matches that of glass block i and is smaller
than the
cavity of block 1, thus air-bag 3 can be put into the cavity through opening 2
andwon't
damage the glass when it is expanded; At the back of. air-bag 3 are set
vertical supporting
bars to prevent it from drooping. Wheitinstalling, put air-bag 3 into the
cavity through
opening 2, at the same time let the other end of air-bag 3's tube 4 Pass
through the
hole of cover 5; Then close opening 2 with cover 5. The hole of cover 5 needs
to have
a diameter greater than that of tube 4, so that air of block I itself can pass
through
it. Cover5 needs to be made of light materials like plastic, and needs to have
a fastener
for conveniently removing or putting the cover so that observation or
replacement of
air-bag 3 can be done. For good visual effects of the glass wall, tube 4 can
have a
small diameter and be installed along the block seams; meanwhile glass block I
can be
- made of ground glass, patterned glass, etc., or air-bag 3 can be made
of transparent
materials.
[0113] The air-bags and air tubes need to be inspected at fixed periods to
avoid blockage
or leakage.
[0114] If insulating panels not permeable by water or vapor are used in the
cavity of
the above insulated glass curtain wall, roof, door, and window at locations
where
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transparency is not required, and the insulating panels are fully filled in
the cavity,
then the air-hole, air tube, air-bag, etc. can all be omitted; at the same
time, the
cavity does not need to have multiple layers and all the intermediate layers
of glass
can be spared. But this method is based on the loss of glass's transparency,
thus its
range of application is limited.
[01151 For the breathing mechanism of face-brick external wall, all sorts of
brick walls,
and concrete block walls, etc. with cavities described in Implementation of
the
Insulated House-B, their air-hole can also be connected to the above air-bag.
But in
areas with great temperature change and strong sLiriray, the amount of air
expelled by
their cavity may be enormous. If the air-bag cannot hold the expelled air,
then the
air-filtering pipe still needs to be use, and moisture-absorbing materials
shall be
put in the cavity.
[0116] When filling inert gas to the cavities of glass in every layer of the
glass curtain
wall, roof, door, and window, the gas-filling tube shall be inserted to reach
the bottom,
and holes shall be set on the tube at the position of each layer' s cavity, so
that the
gas-filling can be done simultaneously at every layer. If different layers
need to be
wi tit different gases, the air-holes of the panels need to be set separately,
and ring-shaped bars shall be set around the holes to prevent the gases in the
cavities
from mixing. Meanwhile, around the bolt holes where every layer of glass
panels are
connected by the bolts, the same ring-shaped bars must also be installed at
each layer.
101171 E) Besides glass, the insulated glass curtain wall, roof, door, and
window can
also use other materials with low heat conductivity coefficients (For
instance, in areas
not too cold, acrylic can be used; In places where transparency is not needed,
ordinary
plastic panels can be used; With materials of limited service time,
replacement can
be done periodically). In addition to the assemblage methods by bolts or
adhesive as
described earlier, other methods like welding and direct molding can also be
applied,
so that the structure with any layers of panel and any distance between the
panels can
be formed to reach any insulating level.
[0118] For walls made by light or soft materials, their installation can be
done in the
way of suspension as per figures 45, 46, 47: In the front view of figure 45
and the enlarged
side view of figure 17, threaded connectors 1,2 are pre-embedded or installed
at the
upper part outside the lower house frame (or floor) ; Threaded connectors 3, 4
are
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pre-embedded or installed at the lower part outside the upper house frame (or
floor);
According to the weight of wall block and the dimension of connector, there
May be set
multiple connectors on the same wall block. If the floor or frame is thick,
the
connectors on them can be aligned vertically, otherwise they can be staggered
(see the
vertically aligned connectors 1,3 in figure 47. If the floor or frame is
thinner,
connectors 1,3 can be vertically staggered so that they can be moved nearer to
the middle
and make the embedment stronger). In the wall block there are set holes
6,7,8,9 (see
the front view in figure 45), whose positions correspond to those of
connectors 1,2,3,4.
When pre-embedding or installing connectors 1,2,3,4, a model withexacLly the
same hole
positions as those of holes 6,7,8,9 need to be used, so that when wall block 5
is being
installed in a later stage, it can be directly put onto the connectors from
inside the
room (handles shall be set at the upper and lower end of the inner side of
wall block
5); Then install gasket, bolt nut, and insulating cap at the end of the
connectors;
When wall block 5 is to be replaced, it can also be directly pulled out in the
room.
101191 Connectors 1,2,3,4's part outside wall block 5 shall have the shape of
a spherical
cap 5a (whose bottom faces the wall block and is dented. See the enlarged side
view
in figure 47); Then the connectors enter wall block 5, and gaskets, bolt nuts
etc. are
installed from inside. Meanwhile, wall block 5's holes 0,7,8,9 shall have a
convex 51),
which shall be pushed to the spherical cap of the connector, so that the rain
cannot
flow along the connectors to holes of wall block 5. On the other hand, at the
roots
of holes 6,7,8,9's convexes, a groove Sc shall be set, so that the rain
flowing along
the outer surface of wall block 5 cannot enter the holes.
101201 In addition to the above connectors, insulating block 10 (see the front
view in
figure 46) also needs to be installed at the outside of house frame or floor.
The
structure and materials of insulating block 10 are the same as wall block 5;
This
insulating block shall cover the distance between the upper and lower wall
blocks, and
shall extend upward and downward for a. little at the position of wall block
5's
connectors so that. it can cover the pre-embedded connectors (see the enlarged
side view
in figure 47). Insulating 10 can be connected by connectors 11,12 (see the
front view
in figure 40) pre-embedded or installed at the outside of frame (or floor).
Positions
of connectors 11,12 shall correspond to the holes in insulating block 10;
therefore,
a model of insulating block 10 also needs to be used to fix the connectors'
positions
when pre-embedding or installing therm When installing block 10, it can be put
onto
connectors 11,12; Then gasket, bolt nut, and water-proofing cap 10a (see the
enlarged
side view in figure 47) can be installed. When water-proofing cap 10a is
turned tight,
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it shall enter the corresponding groove 10b in insulating block 10, so that
the rain
cannot enter the hole of the insulating block. If insulating block 10 has a
big area,
there can be set multiple connecting holes in it; meanwhile, multiple
connectors shall
be set in the house frame or floor.
101211 In figures 45,46,47, between wall block 5 and its neighboring wall
blocks there
shall be set a small gap, along which gap there shall be set multiple tiny
cylinders
at the inner side of wall; Then a removable sealing elastic rubber strip with
two rows
of tiny holes can be pressed onto the tiny cylinders to be fixed (each of
these cylinders
shall have a head thicker than its root, and each of the holes shall have the
opposite
dimensions of inner diameter, so that the sealing strip can be installed more
firmly),
thus the gap between the wall blocks can be sealed. Above and below the wall
block,
between the wall block and the house frame or floor, there shall also be set a
small
gap, along which gap there shall be set multiple tiny cylinders (there can be
two rows,
up and down, with the same shape as above) at the inner side of wall; Then a
removable
sealing elastic rubber strip with tiny holes (of same shape as above) can be
pressed
onto the tiny cylinders to be fixed, thus the gap above and below the wall
blocks can
be sealed. If the gap between two neighboring wall blocks is comparatively
big, a
vertical blocking strip shall beset at each of the twc) wall blocks' sides.
This blocking
strip shall have the same height as the wall block, and can be installed by a
groove
in the wall block, which groove shall have across section shaped with a narrow
opening
but wider bottom. On a same wall block, the distance from its left blocking
strip to
the face panel shall be different from that on the right side, so that between
each
two neighboring wall blocks there will be two blocking strips, one before the
other.
When the wall blocks are being installed, the blocking strips should be able
to pass
each other by virtue of their elasticity; otherwise their thickness shall be
reduced.
The main function of the blocking strips is to prevent the rain, thus it would
be
sufficient if their thickness surpass half of the gap between the wall blocks.
If the
gap between two insulating blocks 10 is comparatively big, the same blocking
strip can
also be installed.
1131221 Wall block 5, insulating block 10, as well as insulating block 10's
extended part
covering the pre-embedded connectors shall all have a drainage groove set at
the top.
This drainage groove shall be set along the inner edge and edge of the two
sides, bending
outward along the latter, so as to let the rain flow to the outer side. At the
same
time, wall block 5, insulating block 10, and insulating block 10's extended
part
CA 03054764 2019-07-03
covering the pre-embedded connectors also need to have a vertical drainage
groove set
at each of their two sides. This drainage groove shall be set along the inner
edge,
connecting the groove at the top, bending outward with an obtuse angle at the
side's
bottom and with a brim set at the groove's bottom, so as to let the collected
rain flow
to the outside. The depth of the drainage groove at wall block 5 and
insulating block
10's sides shall be greater than that of the groove for installation of the
above
blocking strip. The bottom of wall block 5 and insulating block 10 shall have
an angle
to level, so that their inner part will be higher than the outer part,
preventing the
rain from flowing inward. Besides, if gas is filled in wall block 5 and
insulating block
10, then their air-holes must be connected to air-bags; When the wall block
and
insulating block are being replaced, water can be filled to expel the inert
gas from
the older blocks into the new ones. If the cavities are filled with insulating
materials
not permeable by water or vapor, then thc air-holes, air-tubes, and air-bags
can be
omitted.
[0123] Installation and removal of the above wall block 5 and insulating block
10 are
much simplified in comparison to conventional methods with scaffold and
framework, and
they are stronger; Furthermore, installation and decoration of the external
wall can
both be done from inside the room, greatly improving the speed of
construction. There
is no limit to the height of building for this way of construction, but all
the people
working at the edge of the floor must be securely protected by safety belt,
and the
range of work on the ground must be isolated.
[0124] For roofs made by light or soft materials, the above Installation by
Suspension
can be changed to Horizontal or Oblique Installation: Connecting rods pointing
upward
or obliquely upward can be installed to the frame of roof; Then the above wall
block
can he horizontally or obliquely put onto the connecting rods; Next install
the gasket,
bolt nut., and insulating cap at the end of the connecting rod. The
horizontally or
obliquely laid wall block (for convenience, it will be called the Roof Block
in the
following text) should have a convex set at the position of each connecting
hole' s upper
side, and the root of this convex should be set with a groove, so as to
prevent the
rain from entering the connecting hole. Between two roof blocks a small gap
shall be
set; At the same time, multiple tiny cylinders (whose head is thicker than
root) shall
be set along the gap between two roof blocks, and a removable sealing elastic
strip
with two rows of tiny holes (whose inner diameter shall be bigger at the upper
part
than the lower part, corresponding to the cylinder) shall be press onto the
cylinders
CA 03054764 2019-07-03
for sealing of the gap. Meanwhile, a drainage groove shall be set on each roof
block
along the gap; The contact surface of the sealing elastic strip and roof block
shall
be inclined toward the drainage groove. Between every two neighboring roof
blocks water
conduits connecting the drainage grooves shall be set (cross section of the
water
conduit shall be the same as that of the drainage groove, which can be a U-
shape or
V-shape. The water conduit can be welded or glued to the drainage grooves at
its two
ends. To get a smooth surface of the water conduit and drainage's connection,
a dent
of same cross section as the water conduit's outer contour can be set in the
drainage
groove and then the end of the water conduit can be put into the dent), and
the rain
would eventually be drained to the gutter of roof or to outside the cave. For
better
drainage, the roof shall not be set completely level, but have a certain
slope. For
roofs with parapet, the roof shall be put above the gutter, which needs to
have an
adequate volume and be connected to enough down spouts so as to prevent heavy
rain or
snow from spilling. For roofs without parapet, the roof shall be put above the
top of
external wall and go beyond it for drainage. For roofs with other shapes and
structures,
the specifics shall be determined accordingly.
[0125] If gas is filled in the cavities of the above roof block, each layer of
its cavities
also need to be connected to air-bags through air-holes; If materials not
permeable
by water and vapor is filled in its cavities, the air-holes, air-tubes, air
bags can
also be omitted.
[0126] Installation of the above roof block can be done from inside the room,
the
constructors needing not to climb to the roof: At the floor of the top storey
the roof
block can be lifted (or hung by temporary rig), then moved to the position of
connecting
rods, next laid down to be put onto the connecting rods; Afterwards all the
subsequent
installation work can be continued. The last roof block shall be installed at
the highest
position and have a smaller dimension so that the gap between it and the
neighboring
roof blocks would be bigger for convenience of installation. At the bottom of
this last
roof block there shall be set horizontal slots in which plates can be inserted
to fix
insulating materials put in the gap around this block. The gasket, bolt nut,
and
insulating cap can be installed to the end of the connecting rod through the
gap (If
the gasket, bolt nut, etc. fall to the roof by accident, the roof block must
be removed
to fetch them, so that any potential danger can be avoided); Next the water
conduit
can be put to position and welded or glued; Then a wide sealing strip with
multiple
pulling strings and dents (the pulling strings and dents need to be set near
the
connecting holes in the sealing strip) shall be pulled by the strings and
installed
CA 03054764 2019-07-03
to the tiny cylinders set along the two sides of the gap (when adjusting
position of
the sealing strip, a bar can be put into the dents. For convenience with the
sealing
strip's installation, the tiny cylinder can have a smaller diameter at the
top, bigger
one at the middle part, and be tapered at the lower part): Lastly, insulting
sheets
without dust or packed loose insulating materials shall be put into the gap
around this
roof block, and the plates by light materials of plastic etc. at the bottom
shall be
inserted to the slots (a fastener should be set on the plate to prevent it
from slipping
out), hence the insulating materials would not fall.
101271 This way of installation from inside the room can make construction of
the roof
more convenient. With multiple-storey buildings' courtyard, lobby, etc., if
the
courtyard has a roof, the lobby is directly connected to the roof, and the
supporting
structure of the roof can bear the weight of people, then installation of the
roof at
these locations can be more suitably done from above the roof (When
installing, all
the constructors must be protected by safety belts and multiple layers of
safety net
must be set underneath); If the supporting structure of the roof cannot bear
the weight
of people, then a platform needs to be built under the roof.
[01281 'Fhe above way or roof installation can also be changed to Installation
by Inverted
Hanging: Connecting rods pointing downward or obliquely downward can be
installed to
the frame of roof; The root of the connecting rods can be set in the shape of
a spherical
cap (whose bottom faces downward and is dented); Then lift the above roof
block
vertically or obliquely, letting the connecting rods enter its connecting
holes, and
letting the convex at the upper side of the connecting hole touch the
spherical cap
at the root of the connecting rod so that the rain won't be able to flow along
the
connecting rod into the connecting hole; Next install the gasket, bolt nut,
and
insulating cap at the end of the connecting rod. The connecting rods must be
able to
bear the whole weight of the roof block and be set in pairs near its sides (if
one
connecting rod in a pair fails, the other must be able to bear the whole
weight for
thud). The last roof block also shall have a smaller dimension and be
installed at the
highest position by the same installation method as that of the roof block
described
above; Yet the gap around this roof block can be set smaller, because the
gasket, bolt
nut, etc. do not need to be installed on top of the roof block through the
gap. This
Installation by Inverted Hanging can make the roof bloA's installation and
removal
more suitably done from inside the room; Also, except for the roof at the
building's
courtyard and the roof directly connected by the lobby, the installation and
removal
CA 03054764 2019-07-03
can be conveniently done at any other places.
10129] If acrylic, ordinary plastic, etc. are used to produce the above wall
block, roof
block, door and window (these materials must not be of types that release
hazardous
substances, and must fully meet requirements of fireproofing. All the i oducts
used
indoors in the following text shall be the same as these; For convenience, it
would
not be reinstated), they will have very light weight, very low cost, and
abundant colors.
Moreover, their structural strength and insulating function will not be second
to other
materials at all; But their service life is limited (usually not more than 10
years,
and shorter on the roof). If these materials are used for the external wall
and roof,
the above ways of Installation by Suspension, Horizontal or Oblique
Installation,
and Installation by Inverted Hanging can be applied, so that their change
would be much
easier to do. Meanwhile, at the edge of floors of the second storey and above,
protective
railing or net. must be installed; And the roof block, wall block, insulating
block,
door and window must be changed at fixed periods. In addition, all the
materials shall
have the producing time and service time molded at a uniform conspicuous place
(like
the lower edge of roof block, the inner face of the wall block' s two sides,
the upper
edge of the insula.ting block) ; At the same time, inspection HMS I be done at
fixed periods
on the service time of the materials as well as their transparency, color, and
strength,
so that any danger by the aging of material's can be prevented. If the above
maintenance
work cannot be ensured, then the materials can only be use for a short term or
temporarily,
and must be removed in time. On the other hand, as they can be easily melted
and have
a limited anti-burglary function, anti-burglary nets need to installed at the
house' s
locations where they are required (the protective net and anti-burglar-, net
can be
combined to one) ; Also, anti-burglary door and window need to be installed
where
required.
[0130] For installation of hinges on their door and window (see Technical
Solutions-1Db,
and figures 9,10), holes can be set at the inner side of door and window and
bolt nuts
can be embedded in the holes. Then fastening plates 1,2 in figures 9,10 can be
fixed
to the door and window through the bolts. Fastening plate 1 or 2 can be set
very long,
and cylinder a can be set in a symmetrical pair at the two sides of the
fastening plate;
At the same time, two symmetrical metal plates e can be set on the door frame
or window
frame to clamp the two cylinders a, so that fastening plates 1,2 can support
very wide
door or window needing not to increase the thickness of door or window panel.
Connection
of door lock, window latch, etc. can also be done through embedding bolt nuts.
CA 03054764 2019-07-03
[0131] If the above wall block, roof block, door and window, etc. produced by
acrylic,
ordinary plastic, etc. are used for thermal insulating renovation on houses
already
built, except for the addition of anti-burglary door and window installed at
places
where necessary, their installation and removal are very convenient, and the
thermal
insulating function can be not second to any other insulated houses;
Furtaermore, due
to the cover and protection of the original building, the service life can be
prolonged.
The cost of this renovation is very low and it can bring good effects to
interior
decoration (During their service life, acrylic, ordinary plastic, etc. have an
advantage in terms of optical performance, color, plasticity, etc.). Except
for the
door and window, the house can have very thin cavity walls for its wall block
and roof
block. The whole building needs only to have the wall block suspended at the
inner side
of external wall, have the roof block laid on a rack under the sloped roof,
have the
roof block reversely hung under the level roof, have the same block reversely
hunger
under the lowest floor (which block has the same structure and materials as
the roof
block. For convenience, it will be called the Floor Block in the following
text), and
have the door and window changed to this type of insulated door and window (or
have
uhis type of insulated door and window added to the original door and window).
in
comparison to a new building using these materials, in the thermal renovation
of a
building already built, the water drainage groove, the blocking strip to
prevent rain,
etc. can be spared, but the sealing elastic strip must be kept. In its
installation
by suspension, or installation by inverted hanging, etc, chemical bolt or
welding can
be used; In the installation by laying, chemical bolt and welding can also be
used to
fix position of the roof block etc. The chemical bolt can fix the connecting
rod through
bolt nut (The connecting rod can be set in a L-shape; And at its lower pai a
hole can
beset to be put round the chemical bolt); Then the connecting holes of the
wall block,
roof block etc. can be put onto the connecting rods and Lite rods shall go
through the
holes; Next the gaskets, bolt nuts, insulating caps can be installed at the
end of the
connecting rods.
101321 Two neighboring L-shaped connecting rods can be combined to one U-
shaped
connecting rod with a hole set at the bottom, sharing the same chemical bolt.
It shall
be prevented to make the chemical bolt enter the house's structural frame; If
the width
of the external wall's frame is big, the chemical bolt can be set farer away
from the
wall' s edge, and the connecting hole in the wall block can be set at a
corresponding
position. In the installation by inverted hanging, if the roof and floor are
CA 03054764 2019-07-03
cast-in-situ reinforced concrete panels, holes can be made in them, and bolts
can go
through the holes and be connected to horizontal light steel bars underneath
(When a
hole is being drilled on the floor, the space for bolt nut shall be made, so
that the
bolt nut would not bulge above the ground to make it unlevel); Meanwhile,
light
connecting rods pointing downwards shall be connected to the horizontal light
steel
bars by loops at their top ends, which loops are put around the horizontal
bars; Then
the connecting holes of roof block or floor block can be connected to the
horizontal'
bars with the light connecting rods going through them (at the low ends of the
light
connecting rods there shall be set light bolt nuts etc. to prevent the blocks'
falling).
When holes are being drilled in the concrete panels, devices like steel bar
detector
must be used to avoid position of the steel bars. Before bolts are put into
the external
wall, devices like steel bar scanner must be used to see if there are electric
cables,
water pipes etc. inside (Positions of connecting holes in the wall blocks can
be set
inanumber of types, so that if there are facilities in the wall, a
corresponding type
can be used to avoid them). At the same time, when making holes in the
external wall
or reinforced concrete panel, the workers must wear insulating gloves; After
the holes
have been made and before installation, devices like electricity-detecting pen
must
be used to ensure the safety.
[0133] If very light materials like plastic membrane are used to make blocks
for thermal
insulating renovation with the wall, roof, door and window of houses already
built,
their installation and removal are more convenient than blocks by the above
acrylic
or plastic etc. panels. If an insulating panel is filled in the cavity of the
plastic
membrane, thickness of the cavity's wall needs only to make it strong enough
forbearing
of the insulating panel' s weight, and the insulating panel needs to have a
certain
rigidity to keep the needed shape; If gas is filled in the cavity of the
plastic membrane,
thickness of the ca\,ity' s wall needs only to prevent leakage of gas, and the
shape would
be determined after the gas is filled. By filling gas the cost would be lower
than filling
solid materials but the insulating effect and visual effect won' t be reduced.
For the
wall block Ii lied with gas, its structure and installation need to be
adjusted as follows:
In figures 48, 49, at the block' s upper side a ribbed rigid hollow panel 1
(see the front
view in figure 48 and the side view in figure 49. This ribbed panel shall be
made of
light materials like plastic) can be used, so membrane 3 won't droop under
connecting
rods 2; Meanwhile, air-tube 1 can be set in ribbed panel 1 and cross all
layers of
cavities (If different gases are filled in different layers, their air-tubes
need to
CA 03054764 2019-07-03
be separately set); In the wall block, every layer of cavity can be divided to
shapes
of parallel long bars; And all the parallel long bars can be connected to one
general
long bar perpendicular to them; This general long bar can be connected to air-
pipe 4.
The parallel bars shall not be connected to each other. Besides, the
connecting holes
of this soft wall block shall be set in ribbed panel 1; The connecting rods
installed
on the original wall shall reach the top of wall, so that this soft wall block
can also
reach the top.
101341 If there is a wide structural beam at the top of original wall, or
there are
electric cable, water pipe, etc, in the wall, then a L-shaped connecting rod
with a
long bottom side can be used, on which bottom side two bolt holes can be set
for
connection to the wall, so that the bolts need not to enter the structural
beam and
can avoid other facilities in the wall; Also the connecting rod's turning can
be
prevented. In the gap between ribbed panel 1 at the top of the soft wall block
and the
original ceiling materials like sponge can be filled. The sponge should not
totally
seal the gap, but leave a certain space for the small amount of air at the
original
wall to expand or shrink when the temperature changes.
[01351 Sealing for the gap between two neighboring soft wall blocks can be
done through
a zip. Sealing strips can be set at the two ends of the soft wall block where
they reach
the partition walls; At the back of the sealing strip a double sided adhesive
tape can
be used to stick it to the partition wall. At the bottom of the soft wall
block where
it reaches the floor, it can also be stuck to the floor in the same way.
Decorative
fringes can be set at the zip and sealing strip.
[01361 At the inner side of the soft wall block there shall be set a
reflective membrane
to prevent thermal radiation. At. the outer side of the soft wall block there
can be
set multiple colors, frames, patterns, ete so as to bring good interior visual
effects.
Where necessary, it can also be set transparent. Besides, this soft wall block
can easily
apply (Effused lights and make different atmospheres.
[0137] When the soft wall block has been installed in place, gas can be filled
into it.
Different gases need to be connected to different air-tubes. When the gas is
filled,
the other end of the air-tube needs to be connected to an air-bag, which can
be set
as the pressure air-bag in figure 50: At the top of air-bag 1 there are
multiple weight
bags 2. Weight bag 2 is filled with water and can be opened or closed by the
threaded
lid 3 (similar to a soybean milk bag for breakfast). The weight bags are
beside each
other and cover the whole top of the air-bag. When the soft wall block has
been connected
to the air-bag, the water-filled bags' weight shall be able to prevent the air-
bag
CA 03054764 2019-07-03
from being expanded in cold weather, and shall prevent the air-bag, soft wall
block,
air-tnbe, etc. from being broken by the expanded air in hot weather and a too
heavy
weight of the bags. By virtue of the water-filled bags' weight (which is
alright to
be kept at a constant reasonable value), every cavity in the soft wall block
can be
kept expanded all the time. As a single pressure air-bag cannot have too big a
height,
multiple pressure air-bags can be placed side by side, or one layer above
another in
a rack. Around the air-bag a number of vertical bars can be set to confine the
air-bag
in the range of the vertical bars when it rises with gas filled or descends
with gas
expelled, so they won't tilt or roll. If the bottom of the air-bag is set as a
rigid
plate, its position can be further fixed.
poom With soft roof block or floor block made of very light materials like
plastic
membrane, filled with gas, and inversely hung under the house's roof or floor,
their
structure and installation shall be adjusted as follows: As per figures 51,52,
at the
two sides of horizontal light steel bar I can be set hooks 2 (see the back
view in figure
51 and the side view in figure 52): Ribbed rigid hollow panel 3 (whose
materials are
the same as the above ribbed rigid hollow panel of wall block) is hung between
the light
steel bars; At the same time, ribbed panel 3 shall be set at every curtain
distance
along; soft roof block or floor block 4, so that it mpn'L droop. On every soft
roof block
or floor block shall be set. air-tube 5 which crosses all layers of their
cavities
(air-tube 5 can be set on just one of the ribbed panel 3s). Like with the soft
wall
block, if different gases are filled in different layers of the roof or floor
block,
their air-tubes need to be separately set. In this roof or floor block, every
layer
of cavity can be divided to shapes of parallel long bars, with the same
structure as
the soft wall block. All the air-tubes need to be connected to the pressure
air-bags.
[0139] Sealing for the gap between two neighboring soft roof blocks or floor
blocks can
be done through a zip. Sealing strips can be set at where they reach the
external walls
mid be stack to the inner side of external wells in the same way as with the
above soft
wall block. Decorative fringes can be set at the zip and sealing strip. If the
house's
roof or floor is an air-tight structure, the roof block or floor block under
them shall
not be fully sealed, but with a small number of holes set in the sealing strip
for the
air above to expand or shrink when the temperature changes. At the same time,
reflective
membrane, multiple colors, frames, lighting effects, etc. shall be set in the
same ways
as with the above soft wall block.
[0140] Insulation of door needs only to be done on doors in external wall or
other doors
directly connected to outside. Inmost cases the original door needs not to be
replaced.
CA 03054764 2019-07-03
What's needed is just to set up L-shaped connectors at the back of the
original door
and then install the above membrane insulating block (i.e. the above soft wall
block,
soft roof block, etc.). If the door is easy to be bumped, materials like
foamed panel
can be filled in the membrane insulating block instead to provide better
performance
against the impact than gas. The L-shaped connectors can be set near both the
top and
bottom of the door, so that the membrane insulating block can be better fixed.
At the
end of the 1-shaped connector there shall be set an insulating cap, so that it
can both
do insulation and buffer occasional bumping. On the membrane insulating block,
a void
shall set at the position of door lock and handle for operation; If necessary,
the void
can be set as a. hole with a removable insulating plug. For insulation of
window, usually
the original window also needs not to be replaced. Whaes needed is just to
install
the above membrane insulating block. A frame can be set on the inner face of
the wall
along the original window's sides, with the top side of the frame connected to
the wall.
The L-shaped connectors shall be set near both the top and bottom of the frame
and the
membrane insulating block shall be installed in the same way as with the door
described
above. When fully opening the window, the frame can be pushed or pulled up to
an angle
greater than 90 degrees). The frame needs only to support weight of the frame,
thus
it can be set light. Its connection to the external wall shall be strong
enough (Two
or more bar-shapedconnectors can be fixed to the wall above thewindowthrough
chemical
bolts. At the lower end of the bar-shaped connectors a horizontal hole can be
set;
Meanwhile, holes shall be set at the top side of the frame, which holes shall
match
holes of the bar-shaped connectors and be connected to them, forming a.
structure of
hinge). Al. the lower side of the frame can be set a handle, and a void for
operation
can be set on the membrane insulating block in the same way as the door
described above.
If the hinge structure is vertically set at the 1c4t or right side of the
frame, the
frame needs to be set stronger to avoid deformation.
[0141] The above gas-filled membrane insulating blocks are all connected Co
pressure
air-bags. lf the pressure air-bags need to be spared, each cavity in the
membrane
insulating block can be set as an inner flexible air-bag: As in figure 53
(section),
cavity 1 is separated into multiple air-bags 2; Wall 3 of air-bag 2 is softer
than wall
4, so that when the air-bag is cooled and shrink, wall 3 will be folded but
wall 4 will
remain rigid. In a same layer, air-bags 2 can be connected to each other
through a small
hole set at the end of every air-bag, so that filling of gas can be easily
done. If
different_ gases are filled into the membrane insulating block's different
layers of
cavities, the layers cannot be connected to each other. Filling of gas usually
needs
CA 03054764 2019-07-03
to be done on site, so that during transportation, the volume of the membrane
insulating
blocks can be minimized. The amount of filled gas must not let the inner
flexible bags
explode by the gas's expansion under the highest temperature of the area where
they
are used, and must also avoid their deformation at the lowest temperature in
the area.
At the same time, the wall of the air-bag shall be strong enough enabling it
to compress
the air accordingly. With this membrane insulating block suspended at the
wall, for
convenience of its expansion and shrinkage in the direction perpendicular to
the wall,
sliding rods can be added to the ribbedhollowpanel at its top: As in figure
54, membrane
insulating block l's Jibbed hollow panel 2 has a number of sliding rods 3
underneath;
Face membrane 4 (the layer of membrane farthest to the wall) is fixed at one
end of
sliding rod 3; Other layers of membranes 5,6,7,8,etc.can freely slide along
sliding
rod 3 by way of the holes at their top end. If face membrane 4 is not level
enough,
a number of ribs can be set to form a frame or mesh supporting it, which can
he rolled
into a cylinder for transportation.
[0142] If it is needed to spare the sliding rods at the top of the membrane
insulating
block suspended on the wall, the inner flexible air-bag can be changed to
inflexible
compressed air-bag: Divide each layer of cavity in the membrane insulating
block into
small air-bags, in which air-bags the air is filled at the lowest temperature
of the
area where the membrane insulating block is used, or is filled and compressed
to the
same density as at that lowest temperature; Then seal the air-bags. These air-
bags must
not be connected and open to each other (even at the same layer of cavity).
The smaller
volume of the air-bag, the bigger ratio of the air-bag's wall thickness to its
volume,
thence the better ability of the air-bag to compress the air and the lower
possibility
of its breakage. The air-bag's wall thickness, volume, and air density shall
be set
according to the conditions of the area where it is used, so that the air
filled at
the lowest temperature of that area won't be able to break or deform the air-
bag when
the tempt:nature rises to the highest Lemperatute of the area while the air is
compressed
into the same volume.
[01431 For convenience of transportation with the membrane insulating block of
compressed air-bags, the work of air-fill rig and sealing can be done on site:
The
air-bags can be set in the shape of long bars which are connected to the side
or other
surfaces of the membrane insulating block; Air-holes shall be set at the
membrane
insulating block's side or other surfaces; Then the air shall be fully filled
into the
air-bags with a. pressure corresponding to the temperature of the construction
site,
and shall be sealed.
CA 03054764 2019-07-03
[0144] This membrane insulating block of compressed air-bags can also be used
at the
roof, floor, door, and window.
[0145] The membrane insulating blocks can have various types, but the membrane
structure
of any layer and any distance between the layers will remain. Among the types,
those
with external pressure air-bags have the advantage of saving materials; those
with inner
flexible air-bags come second in this aspect; Those with inner insulation
panels have
the advantage of stable shape; those with inner compressed air-bags come next
in this
respect. Each type has its features, advantages, disadvantages, and suitable
scope of
appl lea on.
[0146] The above soft wail block, roof block, floor block, door, and window
all use
membranes instead of panels, thus they have the overwhelming advantage in
terms of
weight and cost while keeping the ability to reach any level of thermal
insulation.
Also, they can provide good effects with interior decoration. Therefore, the
membrane
insulating blocks can play an important role in the popularization of high
insulation
buildings.
[0147] When newly building a house, if it is needed to save cost, the above
membrane
insulating blocks can be used to completely or partly replace the permanent
insulating
facili ties. Then, connectors for the membrane insula.ting blocks can be pre-
embedded
during construction of the house.
[0148] If the membrane insulating blocks are not to be used in houses already
built,
insulating panels may take their place. But. when the insulating panels are
directly
installed in the house without being put in the membrane blocks, their Ifla
ter ial and
appearance need to meet higher standards than the insulating panels for
filling, thus
the cost will be raised, and renovation of appearance would be far less
convenient than
changing of membranes. Yes for some houses with certain requirements, this way
of
directly using insulating panels can also be applied. Then, sealing between
the panels
ica y be done through concave and convex channels (one side concave, the other
side convex,
so that they can seal when pushed together).
101491 When doing al.1 the above types of thermal insulating renovation on
houses already
built, it should be avoided to do each user' s area separately. The renovation
should
be done together, so that materials and labor won' t be wasted for insulation
of partition
walls.
101501 If glass is directly moulded into the above wall block, roof block,
door, and
window, they are weightier than acrylic, and ordinary plastics. But their
weight can
be greatly reduced by making the inner layers of glass much thinner. For these
glass
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blocks, the above installation by suspension, horizontal or oblique
installation,
installation by inverted hanging, etc. can also be applied; and the protective
railing
and net, the same sealing and drainage methods therein can be applied as well.
By this
means, a lot of labor and materials can be spared during their assemblage and
installation, lowering the cost of house construction to a. large extent (If
mass
production of the glass blocks is done, their cost inay be lower than the
assembled thin
glass wait block and roof block described earlier in Implementation Methods of
Insulated
Glass Curtain Wall-C), yet their insulating performance, strength, and
appearance won' t
be second to the other materials and installation methods described above, and
can be
put to permanent use. This type of glass wall block, roof block, door, and
window may
be 'note popular.
101511 To reduce the weight of glass wall block, roof block, door and window
as much
as possible, it can be done to combine the ways of directly moulding, welding,
gluing,
etc. (for example, the sides inay be produced by directly moulding; then the
ultrathin
inner glass layers can be installed to the sides by welding or gluing). As the
door
and window may he shaken, each of their layers must be able to withstand the
impact
and vibration.
[01521 The glass µa,11 block, roof block, door and window produced by directly
moulding
and welding etc. can avoiding deformation by virtue of their sides that are
made as
one body. At the same time, the wall block and roof block can apply the
installation
by suspension, horizontal or oblique installation, installation by inverted
hanging,
etc. Therefore, the fasteners described earlier (in Technical Solutions-1N,
and
figures 5, 6, 7,S) can be spared.
[0153] The hinges on the door and window (see Technical Solutions-1Db, and
figures
9,10), the door lock, the window latch, etc. can be firstly fixed to the door
and window
panels by bolts, gaskets, bolt nuts etc., then the door and window can be
produced by
welding etc. Fastening plates I of. 2 can be set very long, and two cylinders
in symmetry
can be set at the two sides of the fastening plates, which cylinders can be
both connected
to the door or window frame, so that fastening plates 1 and 2 can support very
wide
door and window.
[0154] If the above glass wall block, roof block, door and window produced by
directly
moulding etc. are used for thermal insulation of houses already built, their
installation and removal are rather convenient, and the insulating performance
can be
not second to any other insulated houses: Furthermore, they can he put to
permanent
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use. At the same time, their face panels of thick glass can make installation
of
anti-burglary door and window unnecessary. However, they can be weighty. Thus
it' s
better to combine them with the above acrylic, ordinary plastics, etc., and be
mainly
used for the door and window.
[01551 F) When glass wall blocks are installed between the floors, the outside
of house
frame needs to be decorated. For this, bolts can be pre-embedded at the
corresponding
positions in the concrete frame (the head of bolt can be buried inwardly in
the concrete),
so that the insulated short and narrow walls, and decorative panels can be
installed
with convenience. it shall be avoided to put many chemical bolts into the
concrete frame.
if the frame is of steel structure, the bolts shall also be installed
beforehand.
[0156] In areas of mild Climate, if the desired insulating levels can be
attained without
insulation of the house frame, then the short and narrow walls can be omitted.
For the
decoration, connectors of decorative panels can be fixed to the pre-embedded
or
pre--installed bolts. This method can bring convenience to installation of
metal
decorative panels, as the connectors can be easily welded to the back of the
panels.
If panels of stone or ceramic etc. are to be installed, the pre-embedded
pieces in
figures 17, 18 (Technical Solutions-2B) can be buried in the concrete frame or
installed
on the steel structure beforehand. If it is for low-rise buildings, the
decoration can
be done with tiles of ceramic etc. stuck to the house frame, omitting the pre-
embedded
pieces.
[0157] Decoration of the house frame needs to be done before installation of
the glass
wall blocks, so that it can be more convenient to convey their materials and
to install.
[015S] 3) Implementation of Stone, Ceramic, Metal, etc. Curtain Walls:
[01591A) Bearing of these curtain walls must be dore by main walls of high
strength,
especialh in the case of stone curtain walls, which are usually quite heavy.
If the
metal, etc, curtain walls are much lighter, the requirements on strength of
the hearing
mains walls can be lowered. Whethci hollow bricks or light concrete blocks can
be laid
to reach the needed strengths must be determined by their specific dimensions
and by
testing.
[01601 When building walls of bricks or concrete blocks, among the bricks or
concrete
blocks of greater thickness can be laid ones of smaller thickness at every
curtain height,
while parts a, b, and parts al, bl in figures 17, 18 can be respectively
buried in the
smaller ones' joints. These bricks or concrete blocks of smaller thickness can
have
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several layers put together with a total thickness to allow metal plate gl
move up or
down fully; At the same time, the position of these bricks or concrete blocks
of smaller
thickness need to correspond to the size of stone face panel (or panel of
other
materials); They can be laid along the face panels' horizontal joints and
extend up
and down. Furthermore, while laving these bricks or concrete blocks of smaller
thickness,
connectors of the Face-brick Internal Wall can be pre-embedded at the other
side of
the main wall; And every item of the Face-brick External Wall's extended
techniques
(see Implementation of the Insulated House-1B) can be applied, so that the
materials
can be further saved, or the thermal insulation can be further improved.
Although the
face bricks are set at the inner side in this case, the techniques'
implementationwon't
be affected.
[0161] B) Every face panel can be fixed by 4 step-shaped metal plates.
Positions and
installation. order of these metal plates can be as follows: In figure 55,
metal plates
gl, g2 under face panel I can be installed near the outside, metal plates g3,
g4 above
thepanelcanbe installed nearer to the middle; Then install face panel 2's
metal plates
g5, g6 near the outside, and g7, 0 nearer to the middle. And so forth. By this
means,
it can be avoided that connectors of the upper layer impede work of on the
lower layer
when the bolt nuts and bolt heads are being adjusted.
101621 Step-shaped metal plate gl' s two bolts fll, f22 (see figures 17, 18)
shall be
set close to the metal plate in the vortical direction, and the upper sides of
the two
bolt heads shall be set horizontal, so that their supporting area to metal
plate gl
can be maximized. The part of bolts fll, f22' s shaft near their bolt heads
shall have
a section of a square or pentagon etc.., and this part shall enter a matching
hole in
metal gl, so that its turning in metal plate gl can be prevented. The length
of the
bolts' part with a square (or pentagon etc. ) section shall equal the
thickness of metal
plate gl. If the former is greater, gaskets can be added whea installing the
bolt nuts.
[01631 During installation of the face panels, extended sleeves or
transmission sleeves,
transmission spanners need to be uscd for ad jus talent of bolt nuts and bolt
heads located
at the lower layer or at the inner side.
101641 As in figure 56, extended sleeve I shall have a shaft. 2 long enough to
reach the
1)01 t nuts and bolt. heads at the lower layer.
101651 The transmission sleeve can have a structure as follows: In figures 57,
58, gear
1 is fixed to the lower end of metal bar 2 by pivot a (see the back view in
figure 57) ;
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Gear 3 is fixed to the upper part of metal bar 2 by pivot b; Gears 1, 3 are
connected
by chain 4; Rotating disc 5 is fixed to gear 3; Sleeve 6 is fixed to gear 1
(see the
side view in figure 58); Handle 7 is set at. the upper part of metal bar 2.
101661 When operating the transmission sleeve, one hand of the operator can
hold handle
7, the other hand hold rotating disc 5, then turn rotating disc 5. If the part
of bolt
shaft beyond a bold nut is long, then a sleeve 6 long enough needs to be
assembled for
the work, so as to avoid that the sleeve cannot reach the bolt nut or that it
be pushed
out when the bolt nut is being turned.
[0167] if the space between the curtain wall's face panel and the main wall is
not wide
enough to hold the transmission sleeve, then a transmission spanner of the
following
structure can be used: In figures 59, 60, hollow gear 1 has groove a at the
back (see
the side view in figure 59), which groove is fixed to the lower end of metal
bar 2 by
the semicircular connectors b and bl (see the side view in figure 59 and the
back view
in figure 60. In figure 60, part of groove a is cut off so that the structure
beyond
can be seen). Semicircular connector b is one fixed part of metal bar 2,
semicircular
bl is an added member. Gear 1 can rotate at the lower end of metal bar 2.
Hollow metal
disc c is installed on gear 1, which metal disc can be put around the bolt nut
or bolt
head to make them llUjh Gear 3 is fixed to the upper part of metal bar 2 by
pivot d.
Gears 1, 3 are connected by chain 4. Rotating disc 5 is fixed to gear 3.
Handle 6 is
set at the upper part of metal bar 2.
101681 This transmission spanner can also have a sleeve assembled at its metal
disc c,
which sleeve can be set in a opposite direction to that of sleeve 6 in figure
58, so
operation of the transmission sleeve can be made more convenient: Rotating
disc 5 can
turn and push sleeve 6 forward at the same time.
101691 If it is needed to reduce the noise made by this transmission spanner's
sliding
of metal at its hollow gear l's groove, a bearing can be installed (This can
also he
applied with the other transmission spanners in the following text).
[017011:fit is needed to turn two bolt nuts or bolt heads of the face panel's
connectors
at the same time, double extended sleeves, double transmission sleeves (or
spanners)
can be used. Compared to single sleeve (and spanner), double sleeves (and
spanners)
can speed up the operation. However, for Some fine adjustment, the former
still needs
to be used.
10171111te double extended sleeves can turn vertical bolt heads. Their
structure can
be as per figures 61, 62: Rotating shafts 1,2 have gears a, b and sleeves 3,4
assembled
at their lower ends (see the front view in figure 61 and the top view in
figure 62);
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Rotating shaft 5 has gear c assembled at its lower end and handle 6 at its
upper end.
When handle 6 is turned, gear c can make gears d, e, and a, b turn at the same
time,
resulting in the turning of sleeves 3,4. If the bolt heads have strong
resistance, the
ratio of gear a and b's diameter to that of gear c can be increased; and the
length
of hand 6 can be extended, with a horizontal bar of corresponding length set
at the
upper side of frame 7. As the distance between the double sleeves is not easy
to be
set adjustable, the distance between the bolt nuts needs to be set uniform
during
production, or a. number of types with different distances between the bolt
nuts can
be set.
[01721 The horizontal double transmission spanners can turn bolt nuts in the
outward-inward direction (the bolts perpendicular to the wall). Their
structure can
be as per figure 63: Hollow gears 1, 2 each have a groove at the back (the
same as the
single transmission spanner in 59, 60), which groove is fixed to the lower end
of metal
bar 3 by semicircular connectors; Hollow gears 1, 2 can turn at the lower ends
of metal
bar 3. On each of hollow gears 1 and 2 is installed a hollow metal disc which
can be
put around the bolt nut to make it turn. Gear 4 is fixed to the upper part of
metal
bar 3 by pivot. Gears 1, 2, 4 are connected by chain 5. Rotating disc. 6 is
fixed to
gear 4. Handle 7 is set at the upper end of metal bal. 3. When rotating disc 6
is turned,
gears I, 2 will turn at the same time. If the bolt nuts have strong
resistance, the
ratio of gear 1 and 2's diameter to that of gear 4 can be increased; and the
diameter
of rotating disc_ 6 can be made bigger.
[0173]The vertical double transmission spanners can turn horizontal bolt nuts.
Their
structure can be as per figures 64, 65: Hollow gears i, 2 each have a groove
at the
back (the same as the single transmission spanner in 59, 60). Hollow gear l's
groove
is fixed to the lower end of metal bar 3 by semicircular connectors: Hollow
gear 2's
groove is fixed to the middle part of metal bar 3 by semicircular connectors
b, double
rails bl, and pulling rod b2 (see the back view in figure 64). Gears 1, 2 can
turn on
metal bar 3. With the up-and-down moving of pulling rod b2, semicircular
connectors
b can be made to move along rails bl, thus the distance between hollow gears 1
and 2
can be adjusted to fit the various distances between the bolt nuts (these
variations
of distances are caused by the different thicknesses of bricks and joints). On
each
of hollow gears 1 and 2 is installed a hollow metal disc c, which can be put
around
the bolt nut to make it turn. Gear 4 is fixed to the upper part of metal bar 3
by pivot
d. Pivot d can move along double rails dl, and is connected to connecting rod
5. The
other end of col-meeting rod 5 is connected to turning rod 6 (see the back
view in figure
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64 and the front view in figure 65). Gears 1, 2, 1 are connected by chain 7.
[0174] When turning rod 6 is turned to be perpendicular to metal bar 3, groove
6a at
each end of rod 6 shall fully push chain 7 apart so that gear 2 breaks away
from the
chain and can be moved up-and-down; At the same time, the turning rod' s
fastener S shall
be put against metal bar 3 so that the turning rod won' t be able to move
back; and stopping
piece 8a shall prevent the turning rod from continuing to turn. When gear 2
has been
pulled to the position of its corresponding bolt nut and put around it,
release fastener
8 and rotate turning rod 6 to a position parallel to metal bar 3; Then push
fastener
8 onto stopping piece 81) to be fastened. When turning rod 6 is parallel to
metal bar
3, pivot d is pushed to the high-most position; When turning 6 is
perpendicular to metal
bar 3, pivot d is pulled to the low-most position. A different position of
connecting
point between connecting rod 5 and turning rod 6 can make pivot d move along
rails dl
for a different distance. This distance shall equal the needed descending
distance of
pivot d to let turning rod 6 fully push aside chain 7 and let chain 7 never
break away
from gears 1, 4. Rotating disc 9 is fixed on gear 4 (In the front view of
figure 65,
half of rotating disc 9 is cut off so that the structure beyond can be seen).
Handle
is set at the upper end of metal bar 3. When rotating disc 9 is turned, gears
1,
2 can be made to turn at the same time. If the bolt nuts have strong
resistance, the
ratio of gear 1 and 2' s diameter to that of gear 4 can be increased; and the
diameter
of rotating disc 9 can be made bigger.
[0175] Fastener S's section is in Figure 66: Spring 1 can make the fastener' s
stopping
plate 2 push downward; When pressing plate 3 and fixed plate 4 are squeezed
together
by hand, stopping plate 2 will rise. Fixing plate 4 is connected to turning
rod 5.
[0176] The double sleeves can turn horizontal bolt nuts, and can be set in the
same way
as double spanners. But they usually do not need to be used.
[017711:n addition, when the turning bodt. nuts d, dl, d4, d5 and turning bolt
heads d2,
d3 in figures 17, 18 are to be installed, the following can be done: In
figures 67,
68, the bigger end 1 of turning bolt nut or head d has a cross section of a
polygon,
which can fit into the sleeve or spanner; The smaller end 2 has a cross
section of a
circle, which can be put into fixing piece 3's hole and be turned in the hole.
Grooves
4, 5 are made in smaller end 2, which grooves are rather deep, but not deeper
than the
turning nut' s thickness of wall to make holes, nor so deep as to affect the
strength
of bolt shaft at the turning head. At the same time, the turning nut' s
thickness of
wall or the turning head' s diameter at smaller end 2 need to be big enough,
so as to
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avoid that grooves 4, 5 cannot be made deep enough. Grooves 4 and 5 are
parallel to
each other, with a square cross section for welding piece 6 to be inserted.
When
fabricating, insert smaller end 2 of turning bolt nut or head d through the
hole of
fixing piece 3: then put gasket 7 onto smaller end 2; next insert welding
piece 6 into
grooves 4, 5; finally fix welding piece 6 to gasket 7 and smaller end 2 at the
same
Lime by welding at positions 6a, 6b, 6c (For safety, it shall be avoided to do
mere
welding without making the above grooves for insertion; Also, welding piece 6
and gasket
7 shall be made by materials easy to weld). Gasket 7, welding piece 6, grooves
4, 5,
etc, can effectively prevent the turning bolt nut or head from breaking off
the
connecting pieces. Thickness of gasket 7 shall make turning bolt nut or head d
well
connected to fixing piece 3 without leaving a gap; Meanwhile, diameter of the
hole in
fixing piece 3 shall exactly match that of the smaller end of turning bolt nut
or head,
so that they won't be shaky and can make the curtain wall's face panel
precisely install
in position.
(01781 In figure 18, fixed bolt nuts d22 and d33 cannot be replaced by
threaded holes
in part g (unless the whole of part g is made by the same material and
technology as
the bolt nuts) because threaded holes in ordinary steel have a strength lower
than bolt
nuts, if the threaded holes are damaged in use, it would be difficult to
change. When
installing fixed bolt nuts d22, d33, a frame with same shape as the bolt nuts
and with
half their height can be set at the corresponding position on part g; Then put
the bolt
nut and the other frame which has a hole to let part for fl pass; Finally weld
together
the two frames at their sides.
[01791C) When the curtain wall's face panels have been installed to position,
the gap
between two adjacent panels shall be sealed, so as to prevent rain from going
to the
inside and rust the metal connectors.
[01801 The strength and service life of this type of cur Lain wall won' t be
second to
any other types of curtain wall.
[01811D) On traditional stone, ceramic, metal, etc. curtain walls alt eady
built, if
renovation for high insulation needs to he done, a cavity, insulating layer,
and inner
wall can be set behind the original wall. Metal connectors can be installed
with
reference to what's described earlier in Technical Solutions-20 (figures 19,
20, 21).
If the original wall is strong enough and materials of the inner wall to be
installed
are light, chemical bolts can be used ins- de the room for installation of the
connectors.
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If the materials of inner wall are very light (even if the inner wall
collapses there
won't be danger), expansion bolts can also be used for connection of the
connectors.
When the chemical bolts or expansion bolts are being installed, position of
the house
frame shall be avoided, and devices like steel-bar scanner shall be used to
avoid the
facilities in the wall. Connection of the chemical bolts or expansion bolts
can be done
as per figures 69, TO, 71, 72: At one side of connector I can be set hole 2
(see the
front view in figure 69), at the other side can be set hole 3 (see the front
view in
figure 69 and side view in figure 70); When the chemical or expansion blot has
been
installed, hole 2 can be put around it, so that connector 1 can be fixed onto
the wall;
Install two connectors 1, then bolt 4 can be fixed through holes 3. In the
middle of
connector 5 can also be set hole 6 (see the front view- in figure 71), and at
the two
ends be set holes 7, 8 (see the front view in figure 71 and side view in
figure 72);
Then connector 5 can be fixed onto the wall by hole 6 and a chemical or
expansion bolt;
Next fix bolt 9 through holes 7, 8. If connector 5 and bolt 9 are long, two
holes 6
can be set on connector 5.
[0182] Meanwhile, every item of the Face-brick External Wall's extended
techniques
described earlier (see Implementation of the Insulated House-1B) can be
applied, and
the direction shall be reversed (the face-brick shall be set at the inner
side), so
that the insulation can be further boosted, the weight can be decreased, and
the
construction simplified. On the whole, as the wall's overall weight will be
increased,
calculations on the house's structure and the foundation's load need to be
done, and
reinforcement shall be made for the structure and foundation if necessary.
101831a light steel frames and gypsum panels are used for the inner wall, the
strength
will be greatly decreased, and the cost has no advantage. But it will be
lighter than
inner walls of many other materials (excluding inner wall of thin light
concrete); then
it can be applied on houses with limited strength of structure and foundation.
1018414) Implementation of the Insulated Decorative Wall and Plastered Wall:
When newly
building a house with insulated decorative wall and plastered wall, as the
weight of
the face materials is lighter than that of stone curtain wall, the Face-brick
External
Wall's extended techniques described earlier (see Implementation of the
Insulated
House-1B) can be applied with more convenience, and the direction shall be
reversed.
After the external wall, inner wall, and insulating layer have been built and
installed,
the work of sticking decorative ceramic tiles, plastering, etc. can start on
the
external wall of light concrete (or other materials). If the external wall has
the
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Bolt-type Connection with the inner wall, then the work of building the inner
wall and
installing the insulating layer can be started after the external wall arid
the external
decoration have be completed.
[01851 If thermal insulating renovation on already-built decorative walls and
plastered
walls is being done, the methods described earlier (see Implementation of
Stone, Ceramic,
Metal, etc. Curtain Walls-D) can be fully applied.
101861 5) Construction Cost and Economic Benefits of High-insulation House:
The
high-insulation house (including its door, window, curtain wall, decorative
wall,
plastered wall, etc. ) built with the above techniques has an insulating layer
added
at its external wall, floor, etc., which insulating layer's cost is not high;
The
Face-brick External Wall has the hollow face bricks added, whose cost is also
rather
low; The stone, ceramic, metal, etc. curtain walls can spare the huge metal
frames,
thus the cost can be lowered greatly; The door, window, and glass curtain wall
apply
multiple-layer glasses, greatly reducing the amount of metal for use, thus the
cost
can also be lowered to a large extent; The insulation by membranes instead of
panels
can decrease the cost for many folds and make the general use of high-
insulation house
jusL one step away. In conclusion, Lime construcLion cosL of the high-
insulaLion house
would not rise, but, fall to a quite big extent. On the other hand, it can
greatly reduce
the need of air-conditioning and heating, cutting a lot of expenditure for
users, saving
considerable energy for the society (with general use, the energy it can save
each year
is equal to multiple Limes what' s yearly generated by the Three Gorges Power
Station),
contributing what it could for the development of economy and society.
