Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Description
Title of Invention: HEAT GENERATING DEVICE AND USE THEREOF
Technical Field
[0001]
The present invention relates to a heat generating
device that generates heat upon application of voltage
thereto, and particularly, relates to a heat generating
device capable of continuously efficiently generating heat
for a long time at low cost while saving power, and use of
the heat generating device.
Background Art
[0002]
Heat generating devices have been widely used not only
for electric pots and but also for various heaters
including oil heaters and ceramic heaters, and thus, are
important and indispensable to modern life.
[0003]
Meanwhile, in order to boil water in an electric pot,
for example, a heat generating device requires electric
power of several hundreds of watts to 1 kilowatt as a heat
source. Further, in order to maintain the warm state,
continuous electric power is also required. Moreover, for
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example, an oil heater has low usability because the casing
thereof is large, and also has high electric power
consumption, so that difficulty in frequent use is a weak
point.
[0004]
In view of the aforementioned circumstances, a heat
generating device capable of causing a temperature rise in
a short time while saving power has been demanded.
[0005]
For example, as a conventional heat generating device,
there has been a heating device including a plurality of
glass tubes, resistors provided so as to surround the glass
tubes, and a vapor generating unit that generates vapors in
order to introduce the vapors into the glass tubes by
heating water with use of heat of the resistors generated
with electricity caused to flow through the resistors (see
Patent Literature 1). Also, for example, as a conventional
heat generating device, there has been a fluid temperature
increasing filter which is just for increasing the
temperature of a fluid but contains silicon and silicon
carbide, and is used by being heated by microwaves (see
Patent Literature 2).
[0006]
Meanwhile, a power generating apparatus of generating
power by using heat from a heat source has been recently
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proposed in the heat generation-related field. As a heat
source therefor, various ones including a heat source
efficiently using exhaust heat from exhaust gas have been
considered. This technique has attracted attention also
from the viewpoint of efficient use of energy.
[0007]
Environmental issues recently attract high interest,
similarly from the viewpoint of efficient use of energy.
In particular, interest in natural energy such as water
power, wind power, and sunlight, is increasing. Under the
present circumstances, power generation using such natural
energy is unstable because the amount of generated power is
low. However, efficient use thereof has been demanded.
[0008]
Therefore, if a heat source using natural energy can
be used as a heat source for the power generating apparatus,
an excellent power generating apparatus having a high
utility value is expected to be obtained also from the
viewpoint of efficient use of natural energy.
[0009]
For example, as a conventional power generating
apparatus, an apparatus has been known which is assumed to
use exhaust heat discharged from an automobile engine, a
factory furnace, or the like, and generates power by using
the temperature difference between low temperature and high
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temperature of the exhaust heat, etc., and by using a
thermoelectric conversion module (see Patent Literature 3,
for example).
Citation List
Patent Literature
[0010]
Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2015-
222648
Patent Literature 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-
236070
Patent Literature 3: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-
194299
Summary of Invention
Technical Problem
[0011]
However, the conventional heat generating devices
include a device such as that of Patent Literature 1 that
generates vapors by heating water with use of the heat of
the resistors generated by electricity caused to flow
therethrough. However, since the heat of the resistors is
once converted into vapors, thermal energy loss is
generated with the conversion. Thus, the amount of
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actually usable thermal energy is small with respect to the
entire generated energy so that the efficiency is low.
[0012]
In addition, some conventional heat generating devices
include a filter such as that of Patent Literature 2 that
is used by being heated with microwaves, etc. However, as
a prerequisite, high energy is required in order to perform
the heating. Thus, the energy efficiency is low. Also,
since the filter is limited to use for increasing the
temperature of a fluid, the applicability thereof is low
from the viewpoint of utility for various uses.
[0013]
As described above, in the conventional heat
generating devices, a part of obtained thermal energy is
used for separate state change, or high energy is added in
order to generate thermal energy, whereby the energy
efficiency is low. Thus, sufficient power saving has not
been achieved.
[0014]
Furthermore, there has been a conventional power
generating apparatus such as that of Patent Literature 3,
for example, in which exhaust heat is used and a
thermoelectric module is used, whereby power is extracted.
However, since usage of the exhaust heat which is unstable
is a prerequisite, supply of a heat source is unstable.
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Control of the heat energy itself is difficult in view of
the facility properties. Control for temporarily storing
(buffering) the quantity of heat, for example, is required.
Thus, the function therefor becomes significantly
complicated. Further, when excessive heat that exceeds the
durability of thermoelectric conversion module is supplied
from the heat source, a limiter for the thermoelectric
conversion module is actuated to stop power generation. In
practice, when the exhaust heat is used, taking extra care
is important. This is a cause of the fact that power
generation using temperature differences has not became
widespread.
[0015]
As described above, in the conventional power
generating apparatus, the heat energy the temperature of
which is controlled to be significantly stable needs to be
supplied from the heat source in order to stably generate
power with heat from the heat source by use of the
thermoelectric conversion module. In view of this, there
has also been a problem that, even if heat is generated by
use of, as a heat source, power derived from natural energy,
control of exhaust heat requires extra care so that stable
operation is difficult.
[0016]
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Moreover, for example, an excellent heat source that
is capable of generating heat by using weak and unstable
power derived from natural energy, and that can
sufficiently allow heat absorbing characteristics provided
to a thermoelectric conversion module, is ideal. However,
a heat source having such excellent heat generation
properties has not been known yet.
[0017]
Therefore, if there is a heat source capable of stably
utilizing power derived from natural energy such as water
power, wind power, and sunlight, an excellent power
generating apparatus having a high utility value also from
the viewpoint of efficient use of natural energy can be
realized. However, such an apparatus has not been known
yet. That is, a power generating apparatus capable of
stably supplying power at low cost even when using an
unstable energy source, such as natural energy, the power
generation amount of which is small, has not been known yet.
[0018]
Further, if there is a heat source that exerts a high
heat generation effect while saving power, a heating
apparatus or a warming apparatus that exerts a high heat
generation effect while saving power, compared to existing
apparatuses, could be realized with use of the heat source.
However, such a heat source has not been known yet.
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[0019]
The present invention has been made in order to solve
the aforementioned problems, and an object thereof is to
provide a heat generating device capable of efficiently
maintaining power generation for a long time at low cost
while saving power, and to provide the use of the heat
generating device.
Solution to Problem
[0020]
As a result of intensive research, the present
inventor has found a new excellent heat generating device
capable of having unprecedented heat generation property in
which, when voltage is applied in a state where certain
powder is mixed, a temperature rise is caused in a short
time, and further, the temperature is kept to be fixed
after a lapse of a certain time period. Further, the
present inventor has derived a power generating apparatus
which can be stably operated by heat generation performed
by the heat generating device, in combination with a
thermoelectric element.
[0021]
Therefore, a heat generating device disclosed by the
present application includes
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a hollow container an inside of which is electrically
insulated,
a pair of opposed electrodes which are housed in the
container and which are separately opposed to each other,
and
a heat generating body which is housed between the
opposed electrodes in the container and contains silicon
powder and carbon powder in a mixed state.
[0022]
Since the hollow container the inside of which is
electrically insulated, the pair of opposed electrodes
which are housed in the container and which are separately
opposed to each other, and the heat generating body which
is housed between the opposed electrodes in the container
and contains silicon powder and carbon powder in a mixed
state, are included, current propagates through carbon
powder having electric conductivity upon application of
voltage to the opposed electrodes, heat is given to the
silicon powder coexisting in the mixed state by propagation
of the current, and the heat generating body generates heat.
Accordingly, power can be generated with a simple
configuration while power is being saved, and the heat
generating device can be used as a heat source also
appropriate to maintain a warm state.
[0023]
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Moreover, in the heat generating device disclosed
herein, the heat generating body has a density of 0.85
g/cm3 to 1.30 g/cm3, as needed. Since the heat generating
body has a density of 0.85 g/cm3 to 1.30 g/cm3, heat can be
stably generated at a lower resistance value.
[0024]
Further, in the heat generating device disclosed
herein, the density of the heat generating body is smaller
when an average powder diameter and/or total weight of the
carbon powder contained in the heat generating body is
larger, as needed. Since the density of the heat
generating body is smaller when an average powder diameter
and/or total weight of the carbon powder contained in the
heat generating body is larger, as needed, the electric
conductivity of the carbon powder acts to cause the current
to easily flow under a high porosity (low density) state,
whereas the insulation properties of the silicon powder
acts under a low porosity (high density) state. As a
result of the complementary actions of the two types of
powder, high heat energy can be more stably kept high.
[0025]
Moreover, in the heat generating device disclosed
herein, the heat generating body contains ferric oxide
and/or aluminum oxide in a powder state, as needed. For
example, Fe2O3, A1203, or the like is contained. Since the
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heat generating body contains the ferric oxide and/or
aluminum oxide in a powder state, heat energy generated by
the ferric oxide and/or aluminum oxide in the powder state
is reliably held in the heat generating body, and the
ferric oxide and/or aluminum oxide in the powder state has
an influence on the resistance (particularly, initial
resistance) during heat generation. Accordingly, a desired
resistance value can be freely set according to blending of
the ferric oxide and/or aluminum oxide in the powder state.
[0026]
Further, in the heat generating device disclosed
herein, the heat generating body contains incineration ash
and/or mineral in a powder state, as needed. Since the
heat generating body contains incineration ash and/or
mineral in a powder state, heat energy generated by the
incineration ash and/or mineral is reliably held in the
heat generating body. Accordingly, a high heat generation
amount can be stably maintained.
[0027]
Further, a power generating apparatus disclosed herein,
includes
heat generating means which is formed of the heat
generating device and which generates heat upon supply of
external power from an outside to the opposed electrodes,
and
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thermoelectric means which is disposed so as to be
close to the heat generating means, of which an opposing
surface side opposed to the heat generating means is heated,
of which a rear surface side is cooled, and which converts
a temperature difference between the opposing surface side
and the rear surface side into electric energy.
[0028]
Since the heat generating means which is formed of a
heat generating body which contains silicon powder and
carbon powder in a mixed state and which generates heat
upon supply of external power from an outside to the
opposed electrodes, and the thermoelectric means of which
an opposing surface is disposed so as to be close to the
heat generating means and which converts the temperature
difference between the opposing surface and the rear
surface into electric energy, are included, current
propagates through the carbon powder having electric
conductivity upon application of voltage to the opposed
electrodes, heat is given to the silicon powder coexisting
in the mixed state by propagation of the current, and the
heat generating body significantly efficiently generates
heat. By this heat generation, a large temperature
difference is generated in the thermoelectric means, and
large power can be stably generated as a result of the
temperature difference.
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[0029]
Further, in the power generating apparatus disclosed
herein, the thermoelectric means is formed of a Seebeck
element or a Thomson element, as needed. Since the
thermoelectric means is formed of a Seebeck element or a
Thomson element, the heat generating means can generate
heat with a simpler configuration while saving power.
Accordingly, power can be stably generated by the
thermoelectric means.
[0030]
Moreover, in the power generating apparatus disclosed
herein, the heat generating body contains incineration ash
and/or mineral in a powder state, as needed. Since the
heat generating body contains incineration ash and/or
mineral in a powder state, generated heat energy is
reliably held in the heat generating body when the carbon
powder contained in the mixed state is expanded by
energization with a lapse of the heat generation time
because the incineration ash and/or mineral in the powder
state is contained. Further, an increase of contact
surfaces formed among the inter-carbon powder is suppressed,
the electric conductivity of the heat generating body is
suppressed, and reduction of a resistance component is
suppressed. Accordingly, high heat generating performance
can be maintained with time.
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[0031]
Further, in the power generating apparatus disclosed
herein, the heat generating means is formed into a
cylindrical body, and the thermoelectric means surrounds
the heat generating means, as needed. Since the heat
generating means is formed into a cylindrical body and the
thermoelectric means surrounds the heat generating means,
heat energy generated toward all directions from the heat
generating means can be completely propagated to the
opposed surface of the thermoelectric means. Accordingly,
the thermoelectric means can efficiently convert the heat
energy from the thermoelectric means into power.
[0032]
Moreover, the power generating apparatus disclosed
herein, includes heat storing means which is formed so as
to be disposed between the heat generating means and the
thermoelectric means and which stores heat generated by
heat generation performed by the heat generating means, as
needed. Since the heat storing means temporarily holds
heat generated by heat generation performed by the heat
generating means, the heat energy generated by heat
generation performed by the heat generating means is not
discharged or discarded but is held by the heat storing
means even when the heat energy becomes excessive.
Accordingly, power can be stably generated by the
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thermoelectric means with higher energy efficiency. In
addition, even when heat generation being performed by the
heat generating means suddenly changes or stops, operation
of the thermoelectric means can be continued with the heat
energy held by the heat storing means, and thus, the
operation stability can also be enhanced. Further, since
the heat storing means uniformizes and holds heat generated
by heat generation performed by the heat generating means,
the temperature (optimum temperature) for optimizing
(maximizing) the power conversion efficiency of the
thermoelectric means is maintained to enable stable supply.
Accordingly, power can be generated under a condition where
the heat generating performance of the thermoelectric means
is optimized. Power can be stably and continuously
generated by the thermoelectric means with higher energy
efficiency.
[0033]
Further, the power generating apparatus disclosed
herein, includes cooling means which is disposed so as to
be close to a rear surface side of the thermoelectric means
and which cools the rear surface of the thermoelectric
means, as needed. Since the cooling means which cools the
rear surface of the thermoelectric means is included, a
larger temperature difference is generated in the
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thermoelectric means. Accordingly, larger power can be
generated by the thermoelectric means.
[0034]
Further, in the power generating apparatus disclosed
herein, the external power is supplied by power derived
from natural energy, the cooling means is formed, as needed.
Since the external power is supplied by power derived from
natural energy such as solar energy, and the cooling means
is provided(which may be the shadow of a solar energy panel,
for example), efficient use of the natural energy can be
more efficiently performed, and power can be stably and
continuously generated by the thermoelectric means.
[0035]
Moreover, in the power generating apparatus disclosed
herein, the cooling means is formed from a fluid having
cooling performance, as needed. Since the cooling means is
formed from a fluid (which may be gas or may be a liquid),
the cooling means performs more efficient cooling by using
the diffusion property of the fluid so that a larger
temperature difference is generated in the thermoelectric
means. Accordingly, effective use of the natural energy
can be more efficiently performed, and power can be stably
and continuously generated by the thermoelectric means.
[0036]
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Further, in the power generating apparatus disclosed
herein, the external power is supplied by power derived
from natural energy based on dynamic energy of a fluid, and
the cooling means cools the rear surface of the
thermoelectric means by using static energy of the fluid,
as needed. Since the fluid forming the cooling means also
serves as a fluid (which may be gas or may be a liquid) for
generating the natural energy, the fluid used for power
generation using natural energy is reused from a different
energy viewpoint so that a larger temperature difference is
efficiently generated in the thermoelectric means.
Accordingly, more effective use of the natural energy can
be performed, and power can be stably and continuously
generated by the thermoelectric means.
[0037]
A heating apparatus including the heat generating
device disclosed herein, includes
heat generating means which is formed of the heat
generating device, and which generates heat upon supply of
external power from an outside to the opposed electrodes,
a heat pipe having a longitudinal shape,
a heat storing part which is made from a metal ingot,
and in which a housing portion formed of a through hole in
close contact with at least a longitudinal surface of the
heat generating means is formed in the metal ingot, and
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holding portions being disposed at symmetrical positions
around an arrangement position of the housing portion and
being formed of through holes holding the heat pipe while
being in close contact with a longitudinal surface of the
heat pipe is formed in the metal ingot, and
control means which controls heat generation start and
heat generation stop of the heat generating means such that
thermal energy stored in the heat storing part does not
become lower than energy dissipated by the heat pipe.
[0038]
The heating apparatus including the heat generating
device disclosed herein includes the heat generating means
which is formed of the heat generating device, and which
generates heat upon supply of external power from an
outside to the opposed electrodes, the heat pipe having a
longitudinal shape, the heat storing part which is made
from a metal ingot, and in which a housing portion formed
of a through hole in close contact with at least a
longitudinal surface of the heat generating means is formed
in the metal ingot, and holding portions being disposed at
symmetrical positions around an arrangement position of the
housing portion and being formed of through holes holding
the heat pipe while being in close contact with a
longitudinal surface of the heat pipe is formed in the
metal ingot, and the control means which controls heat
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generation start and heat generation stop of the heat
generating means such that thermal energy stored in the
heat storing part does not become lower than energy
dissipated by the heat pipe. Therefore, due to the
excellent heat generation efficiency of the heat generating
means, the heat storing part can maintain the temperature
for a long time under control performed by the control
means, only by one temperature rise in the heat generating
means. Thus, the dissipated heat energy transferred
through and dissipated by the heat pipe is fixed.
Accordingly, heating can be stably performed for a long
time.
[0039]
Further, in the heating apparatus disclosed herein,
the metal ingot is made from an aluminum alloy, as needed.
Since the metal ingot is made from an aluminum alloy, high
latent heat characteristics of the aluminum alloy provides
a high warming effect. Accordingly, an excellent heating
effect can be exerted while more power is being saved.
[0040]
Moreover, in the heating apparatus disclosed herein,
the heat generating means is formed such that the housing
portion and the holding portions are each equally divided
into two, as needed. Since the heat generating means is
formed such that the housing portion and the holding
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portions are each equally divided into two, the heat
generating means can uniformly and stably supply a heat
source to the heat pipe. Thus, dissipated heat energy
transferred through and dissipated by the heat pipe is
fixed. Accordingly, heating can be stably performed for a
longer time.
[0041)
Further, a warming apparatus disclosed herein,
includes
the heating apparatus, and
a housing container in which a heat pipe accommodating
portion accommodating the heat pipe of the heating
apparatus is provided, and which airtightly or non-
airtightly houses a medium made from a liquid or gas.
The medium in the housing container is warmed or
vaporized. Since the heating apparatus, and the housing
container in which a heat pipe accommodating portion
accommodating the heat pipe of the heating apparatus is
provided, and which airtightly or non-airtightly houses a
medium made from a liquid or gas are included, the medium
in the housing container is heated or vaporized by use of
heat stably dissipated by the heat pipe. Accordingly, when
the medium is a liquid, the liquid in the housing container
can be warmed with higher heat retaining property, whereas
when the medium is gas, a liquid is taken into the housing
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container from the outside, and the liquid can be quickly
vaporized. Thus, use as a vapor generator or a humidifier
is possible.
[0042]
Moreover, the warming apparatus disclosed herein is
covered with a thermal insulating material, as needed.
Since the warming apparatus is covered with the thermal
insulating material, the heat retaining property of the
housing container is further enhanced. Accordingly, a
warming apparatus having higher heat retaining property can
be implemented.
Brief Description of Drawings
[0043]
[Figure 1] Figure 1 shows a configuration diagram of a
cross-sectional view of a heat generating device according
to a first embodiment of the present invention.
[Figure 2] Figure 2 shows an explanatory diagram of a
perspective view of the heat generating device according to
the first embodiment of the present invention.
[Figure 3] Figure 3 shows a configuration diagram of the
heat generating device according to the first embodiment of
the present invention.
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[Figure 4] Figure 4 shows a configuration diagram of the
heat generating device according to the first embodiment of
the present invention.
[Figure 5] Figure 5 shows a configuration diagram of the
heat generating device according to the first embodiment of
the present invention.
[Figure 6] Figure 6 shows an explanatory diagram for the
characteristics of resistance value change in accordance
with a temperature rise in the heat generating device
according to the first embodiment of the present invention,
based on actual measurement.
[Figure 7] Figure 7(a) shows an explanatory diagram
illustrating the configuration of a power generating
apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present
invention, and Figure 7(b) shows a configuration example of
thermoelectric means.
[Figure 8] Figure 8 shows a configuration diagram of a
perspective view of a power generating apparatus according
to a second embodiment of the present invention.
[Figure 9] Figure 9 shows a configuration diagram of a
perspective view of a power generating apparatus according
to a third embodiment of the present invention.
[Figure 10] Figure 10 shows a configuration diagram of a
power generating apparatus according to a fourth embodiment
of the present invention.
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[Figure 11] Figure 11 shows a configuration diagram of the
power generating apparatus using a heat sink according to
the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
[Figure 12] Figure 12 shows a configuration diagram of the
power generating apparatus using a heat sink according to
the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
[Figure 13] Figure 13 is an explanatory diagram of time-
varying change of an electric power amount by the power
generating apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of
the present invention.
[Figure 14] Figure 14 shows a configuration diagram of the
power generating apparatus using a heat sink according to
the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
[Figure 15] Figure 15 shows a configuration diagram of the
power generating apparatus using a heat sink according to
the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
[Figure 16] Figure 16(a) shows a configuration diagram of
the power generating apparatus using a heat sink according
to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and
Figure 16(b) shows an explanatory diagram of transition of
a thermosensor switch and temperature change.
[Figure 17] Figure 17(a) shows a perspective view of a
configuration of a power generating apparatus according to
a fifth embodiment of the present invention, Figure 17(b)
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shows a cross-sectional view of the configuration, and
Figure 17(c) shows a perspective view of the configuration.
[Figure 18] Figure 18 shows a configuration diagram of a
heating apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the
present invention.
[Figure 19] Figure 19 shows a configuration diagram of the
heating apparatus according to the sixth embodiment of the
present invention.
[Figure 20] Figure 20 shows a configuration diagram of the
heating apparatus according to the sixth embodiment of the
present invention.
[Figure 21] Figure 21 shows a configuration diagram of the
heating apparatus according to the sixth embodiment of the
present invention.
[Figure 22] Figure 22 shows an explanatory diagram of the
control operation of control means of the heating apparatus
according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
[Figure 23] Figure 23 shows an explanatory diagram of a
heating apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of the
present invention.
[Figure 24] Figure 24 shows an explanatory diagram of the
heating apparatus according to the seventh embodiment of
the present invention.
[Figure 25] Figure 25 shows a measurement result of time-
varying temperature change obtained when voltage was
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applied, for 20 minutes, to a heat generating body
constituting a power generating apparatus according to
example 1 of the present invention.
[Figure 26] Figure 26 shows a measurement result of time-
varying temperature change of a heating apparatus according
to example 2 of the present invention.
Description of Embodiments
[0044]
(First Embodiment)
A power generating apparatus according to the first
embodiment of the present application and the use thereof
will be described in accordance with Figures 1 to 7.
[0045]
As illustrated in Figure 1(a), a heat generating
device (heat generating means 10) according to the first
embodiment is configured to include a hollow container 1
the inside of which is electrically insulated, a pair of
opposed electrodes 2 consisting of a first electrode 2a and
a second electrode 2b which are housed in the container 1
and are separately opposed to each other, and a heat
generating body 3 which is housed between the opposed
electrodes 2 in the container 1 and is made from silicon
powder 3a and carbon powder 3b in a mixed state.
[0046]
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The material of the container 1 is not limited to a
particular one which may be metal or may be non-metal, as
long as the inside of the container 1 is electrically
insulated. However, as illustrated in Figure 1(b), at
least the inner portion (inner side surfaces) of the
container 1 is preferably formed of a heat conducting
material lb having surfaces covered with an inner-side
insulating portion la which has been electrically insulated.
[0047]
The heat conducting material lb is not limited to a
particular material which may be metal or may be non-metal
as long as the material has heat conductivity. Aluminum,
copper, or ceramic is preferably used therefor.
[0048]
The inner-side insulating portion la is not limited to
a particular portion as long as the position has insulation
properties. As one example thereof, a coating formed by
alumite treatment may be used. Alternatively, a ceramic
coating may be used. Metal such as aluminum or copper
having heat conductivity may be used as the heat conducting
material lb. Alternatively, ceramic may be used.
[0049]
For example, when aluminum is used as the heat
conducting material lb, a coating formed by alumite
treatment, which has high affinity with aluminum, is
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preferably used as the inner-side insulating portion la.
In this case, weight reduction is achieved by the aluminum
and the formation is achieved only by alumite treatment on
a surface of the aluminum, whereby the production and
handling are made easy. Alternatively, for example, when
ceramic is used as the heat conducting material lb, the
ceramic can also be used as it is for the inner-side
insulating portion la, whereby production and handling are
made easy with the simple configuration.
[0050]
Moreover, regarding the material of the container 1,
the outer surfaces (outer-side surfaces) of the container I
are also preferably formed from the heat conducting
material lb having surfaces coated with the outer-side
insulating portion lc having undergone electric insulation
treatment, as illustrated in Figure 1(b). A coating formed
by alumite treatment is preferably used for the outer-side
insulating portion lc, similar to the inner-side insulating
portion la, when aluminum is used as the heat conducting
material lb, for example. In addition, for example, when
ceramic is used as the heat conducting material lb, the
ceramic can be used as it is also for the outer-side
insulating portion lc. Accordingly, the production and
handling are made easy.
[0051]
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As described above, in the outer surfaces of the
container 1, the outer-side insulating portion lc having
undergone electric insulation treatment enhances both the
insulation properties and heat resistance of the outer
portion of the container 1. Accordingly, regarding the
strength, the heat generating means 10 is more stably
formed so as to be firm against heat generated by the heat
generating body, whereby power can be more stably generated
by thermoelectric means 20. Due to the insulation
properties of the outer surfaces of the container 1, direct
heating of a liquid such as water can be easily performed,
for example. As an application of this, use as a heat pipe
using transfer of heat generated by contact with a
hydraulic fluid is possible.
[0052]
Note that the material of the container 1 is not
limited to the heat conducting material lb covered with the
inner-side insulating portion la and the outer-side
insulating portion lc. For example, an aspect in which
only the inside of the container 1 is formed from the heat
conducting material lb a surface of which is covered with
the inner-side insulating portion la having undergone
electric insulation treatment, as illustrated in Figure
1(c), is sufficiently preferable because high insulation
properties and high heat resistance are provided.
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
1
- 29 -
[0053]
Further, for example, when aluminum is used as the
heat conducting material lb and a coating formed by alumite
treatment is used as the inner-side insulating portion la,
at least the inner side of the container 1 is formed from
aluminum which has undergone alumite treatment.
Accordingly, due to the aluminum having undergone alumite
treatment, the container 1 is formed from aluminum which is
light metal and the inner side of the container 1 is
electrically insulated so that the heat resistance of the
inner side of the container 1 is also enhanced. Thus,
toughness against a temperature rise caused by heat
generated by the heat generating body inside the container
1, and further, the carrying easiness can be achieved. In
addition, for example, when ceramic is used as the heat
conducting material lb, the ceramic also can be used as it
is as the inner-side insulating portion la, whereby the
production and handling can be made easy with the simple
configuration.
[0054]
Note that the material of the container 1 is not
limited to the aforementioned materials. For example, a
resin material such as plastic or glass may be used
therefor.
[0055]
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
=
4
- 30 -
The shapes of the first electrode 2a and the second
electrode 2b consisting the opposed electrodes 2 are not
limited to particular shapes, and may be linear shapes or
flat plate shapes. However, flat plate shapes are more
preferable. When flat plate shapes are adopted and the
areas thereof are changed according to various applications,
control can be freely performed so as to obtain a desired
temperature rising speed.
[0056]
Further, either one of AC and DC may be used as
voltage to be applied. Therefore, power source supply can
be freely designed to be power source supply from a compact
dry battery or large capacity power source supply from an
AC power supply receptable, for example. Thus, space
saving and upsizing can be achieved according to an
installation place or needs. This allows flexible
designing.
[0057]
The heat generating body 3 is formed so as to have a
mixed state in which the silicon powder 3a and the carbon
powder 3b are mixed, as illustrated in Figure 1(d). In the
mixed state, the mixed degree of the powders is not limited
to a particular degree. The silicon powder 3a and the
carbon powder 3b only need to be dispersed without bias. A
state in which the powders are uniformly mixed is more
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
- 31 -
preferable. A method for forming the mixed state is not
limited to a particular method. For example, the mixed
state can be formed by stirring or vibrating the silicon
powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b.
[0058]
The silicon powder 3a as a raw material is not limited
to a particular powder, but regenerated silicon which is
secondarily discharged and discarded in large quantities
during production of semiconductors may be used as the raw
material. This leads to effective reuse of the resources.
In light of these circumstances, the silicon powder 3a may
contain silicon carbide powder as an additional component.
[0059]
Further, the carbon powder 3b is not limited to a
particular material, but, as the raw material therefor,
carbon (e.g., carbon black) which is secondarily discharged
and discarded in large quantities during production of
batteries such as secondary batteries, is preferably used.
This provides an excellent advantageous effect that, as the
result of the effective use through reuse of resources, not
only the production cost can be suppressed but also an
environmental burden can be suppressed.
[0060]
The particle diameter of each of the silicon powder 3a
and the carbon powder 3b is not limited to a particular
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
- 32 -
diameter, but is preferably 5 to 300 Rm. The reason for
this is that it was confirmed that, when 300-pm powder was
mixed, the resistance value of the heat generating body 3
was adjustable and sufficient heat was generated, whereas,
when the particle size thereof was 300 pm or larger, the
powder was impracticable because the resistance value was
unstable and temperature unevenness was generated in the
container. As described above, in the heat generating
means 10, when the silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder
3b each have a particle diameter of 5 to 300 pin, the mixed
state for allowing current to be more likely to flow
between the opposed electrodes 2 can be easily formed.
Thus, the heat exchange efficiency can be more stably
enhanced, heat can be generated while power is saved, and
further, power can be stably generated by means of the
thermoelectric means 20 as a heat source appropriate for
maintaining the warm state.
[0061]
Also, the particle diameter of each of the silicon
powder 3a and the particle diameter of the carbon powder 3b
is preferably set to 5 to 300 since a resistance value
appropriate for causing heat generation is easily obtained
by the entire heat generating body 3. The particle
diameter is more preferably set to 30 to 180 Rm. The
appropriate resistance value is preferably 5 to 20 Q, and
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
- 33 -
is more preferably 8 Q. Since such a resistance value is a
load resistance value which is measured from the power
source device side, the power source designing becomes
simple. In addition, control of the power source can be
performed not through current control CC but through
voltage control CV. Thus, driving using not a dedicated
power source but a common inexpensive power source device
can be performed. Thus, even when a commercially available
rechargeable battery or dry battery is used as the power
source, stable power generation can be performed.
[0062]
Further, by the control of the particle diameters of
the silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b, the amount
of heat generation can be controlled. For example, control
of reducing the resistance value so as to increase the
amount of heat generation by using the silicon powder 3a
and the carbon powder 3b the particle diameters of which
are set to be small, and increasing the resistance value so
as to suppress the amount of heat generation by using the
silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b the particle
diameters of which are set to be large, can be performed.
[0063]
Moreover, through adjustment of the blending ratio of
the silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b, the heat
generation property(e.g., a resistance value) can also be
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
r - 34 -
controlled. For example, simple control of, when the ratio
of the silicon powder 3a is increased, being able to
increase the amount of heat generation because the ratio of
a component which easily generates heat and which has
insulation properties is likely to increase, and of, when
the ratio of the carbon powder 3b is increased, further
suppressing the amount of heat generation because the ratio
of an electrically conductive component is likely to
increase, can be performed.
[0064]
Further, when the temperature of heat generated by the
heat generating body 3 has exceeded about 800 C, the
silicon powder 3a having semiconductor characteristics is
shifted to a conductor state so that the resistance value
thereof continuously decreases without any fluctuation.
Thus, stable resistance control can be realized. Regarding
this point, a conventional heat generating body (e.g., an
SiC heater) that generates heat by using silicon has been
known, but such a heat generating body has characteristics
of having a resistance value which increases while
fluctuating in accordance with heat generation, and thus,
simple and appropriate heat generation control (resistance
value control) therefor is difficult. In contrast, in the
heat generating body 3 according to the present embodiment,
the resistance value thereof continuously decreases without
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
,
- 35 -
any fluctuation, even in a high-temperature region
exceeding about 800 C in accordance with heat generation.
Accordingly, appropriate heat generation control
(resistance value control) which is significantly more
excellent than the conventional one can be performed.
Further, the heat generating body 3 is excellent and
conventionally unprecedent from the viewpoint of power
saving because the amount of required power becomes smaller
in the higher temperature region. As a power source design
in the heat generating body 3 according to the present
embodiment, a simple power supply design can be addressed
such that the heat generating body 3 is designed to have
about 8 SI at ordinary temperature, for example, and, even
for a case of being used in a high-temperature region, the
lower limit is set to about the half (about 4 CI) of that at
ordinary temperature.
[0065]
Regarding the heat generating body according to the
present embodiment, a ceramic-made pipe (container 1)
having a diameter of 10 y and a length of 100 mm was filled
with the silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b
constituting the heat generating body 3 by a volume ratio
of 1:1, the total weight of the silicon powder 3a and the
carbon powder 3b was changed to change the density of the
heat generating body 3 (powder total weight (g)/the volume
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
- 36 -
of the container 1 (cm3)), and the resistance value of the
heat generating body 3 was measured. The obtained result
is shown below.
[Table 1]
Density 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95
(glom')
Resistance
30,000 5,000 1,203 500 50 ao
value (0
Density 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 125 1.30
(g/aW)
Resistance
4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5
value (Q
[0066]
From the obtained result, the density of the heat
generating body 3 is preferably 0.85 g/cm3 to 1.30 g/cm3
because heat can be generated by a lower resistance value.
The density is more preferably 0.90 g/cm3 to 1.10 g/cm3
because heat can be stably generated while more power is
saved. For example, the density can be set to 1.00 g/cm3.
In this case, the resistance value is 4 S. Therefore, it
was confirmed that properties having good handleability can
be obtained.
[0067]
Further, from the above result, when the volume ratio
of the silicon powder 3a: the carbon powder 3b is 1:1, for
example, the basic resistance value can be set to 4 K), for
example, as described above. Moreover, when the ratio of
the silicon powder 3a is increased, the resistance value of
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
- 37 -
the heat generating body 3 in a high-temperature region is
decreased. Thus, for example, when the ratio of the
silicon powder 3a is increased to obtain the volume ratio
of 1.1:0.9, the basic resistance value can be set to 3.5 SI.
As described above, desired heat generation property (the
resistance value) can be obtained only by control of the
density of the heat generating body 3, whereby designing
can be easily performed and desired heat generation
property can be simply obtained.
[0068]
Moreover, the pH value of each of the silicon powder
3a and the carbon powder 3b is not limited to a particular
value, but is preferably set around a neutral region.
However, the pH value is not limited to this, and may be
set in an acidic region or in an alkaline region.
[0069]
The shape of the heat generating means 10 is not
limited to a particular shape, but is preferably formed
into a flat plate-like shape, as illustrated in Figure 2(a).
In addition, the shape may be formed into a cylindrical
body, as illustrated in Figure 2(b). In addition, no
particular limitation is put as long as the heat generating
means 10 has a hollow body.
[0070]
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
- 38 -
With this configuration, in the heat generating means
10, the startup speed of the heat source is high even while
power is being saved, and further, setting of desired
temperature becomes easy. Moreover, for example, the heat
generating means 10 can be used for long-time warming, by
using surplus power such as midnight power. In addition,
it was confirmed that the heat generating means 10 can
generate sufficient heat even with power as small as 3 to
watts, and further, exhibits extremely excellent heat
generating performance of enabling a temperature rise to
1000 C (see examples which will be described later).
[0071]
A mechanism by which the heat generating means 10
exerts the excellent effects has not been clarified in
detail. However, since the silicon powder 3a and the
carbon powder 3b constituting the heat generating body 3
are formed in the mixed state, it is inferred that, when
voltage is applied to the opposed electrodes 2, current
flows through the carbon powder 3b having conductivity,
this current flow causes a heat generation operation of the
silicon powder 3a coexisting in the mixed state, and
further, the silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b
push each other in a narrow region with a high integration
degree between the powders, and thus, the heat generating
body generates heat at the atom level. Moreover, since the
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
=
,
- 39 -
silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b are in the mixed
state in which the silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder
3b are in contact with each other, it is also inferred that,
when voltage is applied to the silicon powder 3a and the
carbon powder 3b, the electric orientation state of the
silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b is converted to
an aligned state through which current can easily flow, and
a condition where, by the flow of current, heat is easily
generated from the silicon powder 3a mainly having
insulation properties, is formed.
[0072]
As described above, the power generating apparatus
(the heat generating means 10) according to the first
embodiment is configured to include the hollow container 1
the inside of which is electrically insulated, the pair of
opposed electrodes 2 which are housed in the container 1
and which consists of the first electrode 2a and the second
electrode 2b separately opposed to each other, and the heat
generating body 3 which is housed between the opposed
electrodes 2 in the container 1 and which contains the
silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b in the mixed
state. Accordingly, voltage applied to the opposed
electrodes 2 causes propagation of current to the carbon
powder 3b having conductivity, the propagation of current
gives heat to the silicon powder 3a coexisting in the mixed
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
,
- 40 -
state so that the heat generating body 3 generates heat.
Accordingly, heat can be generated with the simple
configuration while power is saved, whereby, as a heat
source appropriate to maintain a warm state, the heat
generating means 10 can be used for various uses.
[0073]
The heat generating means 10 enables a temperature
rise to about 300 C with external power of about 50 W, and
a temperature rise to about 800 C with external power of
about 200 W. Thus, high heat energy can be obtained with
extremely lower power.
[0074]
Also, as illustrated in Figure 2(a), a configuration
provided with elastic bodies 4 (a first elastic body 4a, a
second elastic body 4b) near respective non-opposed surface
sides of the opposed electrodes (the first electrode 2a and
the second electrode 2b) may be formed. For example, the
elastic bodies 4 may be put between the heat generating
body 3 and the opposed electrodes 2 (the first electrode 2a
and/or the second electrode 2b), or may be put between the
container 1 (e.g., a ceramic container) and the heat
generating body 3.
[0075]
The elastic bodies 4 are not limited to particular
bodies, but heat-resistant rubber, Teflon (registered
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
i
4
- 41 -
trademark), ceramic, or the like can be used therefor, for
example.
[0076]
As illustrated in Figure 2(b), when the heat
generating body 3 inside the container 1 is thermally
expanded by heat generation, the shapes of the elastic
bodies 4 as a buffer are changed and the elastic bodies 4
absorb the expansion of the heat generating body 3.
Accordingly, the variation of the behavior of the mixed
state of the silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b
(e.g., the dispersed state or the filling rate of the
silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b) due to
expansion of the heat generating body 3 is suppressed, and
deterioration of the heat generating state is suppressed,
whereby the heat generating state of the heat generating
body 3 is maintained. Thus, continuous heat generation can
be stably realized. In addition, any damage to the
container 1 caused by heat generation performed by the heat
generating body 3 can be suppressed. That is, in the case
where the elastic bodies 4 are provided near the respective
non-opposed surfaces of the opposed electrodes 2, even when
the inner volume of the container 1 is expanded by heat
generation performed by the heat generating body 3, the
elastic bodies function as absorbing bodies for absorbing
the expansion, so that the mixed state of the silicon
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
,
,
- 42 -
powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b (e.g., the dispersed
state or the filling rate of the silicon powder 3a and the
carbon powder 3b) are uniformized. Accordingly, even when
the silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b are expanded,
deterioration of the heat generating state of the heat
generating body 3 in accordance with the expansion is
suppressed so that the amount of heat (Joule heat)
generated by the heat generating body 3 can be determined
by fixed electric conductivity. Thus, continuous heat
generation can be stably realized. Moreover, the
durability of the inside of the container 1 is also
enhanced, the heat generating means 10 that has further
firmness against heat generated by the heat generating body
3 and that has high strength is formed. Accordingly, heat
energy is stably is supplied by the heat generating means
10, and power can be stably generated by the thermoelectric
means 20.
[0077]
Further, as illustrated in Figure 3(a), the container
1 may be formed from an elastic body. The elastic body
forming the container 1 is not limited to a particular
elastic body, but the aforementioned rubber, Teflon
(registered trademark), ceramic, or the like can be used
therefor.
[0078]
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
A
- 43 -
As illustrated in Figure 3(b), when the heat
generating body 3 inside the container 1 is thermally
expanded by heat generation, the container 1 formed from
the elastic body also functions as a buffer, the shape
thereof is changed by the thermal expansion, and the
container 1 absorbs the expansion of the heat generating
body 3. Accordingly, the variation of the behavior of the
mixed state of the silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder
3b (e.g., the dispersed state or the filling rate of the
silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b) due to
expansion of the heat generating body 3 is suppressed,
deterioration of the heat generating state is suppressed,
whereby the heat generating state of the heat generating
body 3 is maintained. Thus, continuous heat generation can
be stably implemented. Any damage to the container 1
caused by the thermal expansion of the heat generating body
3 by heat generation can be suppressed. That is, in a case
where the container 1 is formed from the elastic body, even
when the heat generating body 3 inside the container 1 is
expanded by heat generation performed by the heat
generating body 3, the container 1 functions as an
absorbing body for absorbing the expansion by the effect of
the elastic body so that the mixed state of the silicon
powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b (e.g., the dispersed
state or the filling rate of the silicon powder 3a and the
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
- 44 -
carbon powder 3b) are uniformized. Accordingly, even when
the silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b are expanded,
deterioration of the heat generating state of the heat
generating body 3 in accordance with the expansion is
suppressed so that the amount of heat (Joule heat)
generated by the heat generating body 3 can be determined
by fixed electric conductivity. Thus, continuous heat
generation can be stably realized. In addition, the
durability of the container 1 is enhanced. Accordingly, a
power generating apparatus that has further firmness
against heat generated by the heat generating body 3 and
that can be more easily carried, is implemented.
[0079]
As described above, in a case where the container 1 is
formed from the elastic body, even when the heat generating
body 3 inside the container is expanded by heat generation
by the heat generating body, the container itself functions
as an absorbing body for absorbing the expansion so that
the mixed state of the silicon powder 3a and the carbon
powder 3b (e.g., the dispersed state or the filling rate of
the silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b) are
uniformized. Accordingly, even when the silicon powder 3a
and the carbon powder 3b are expanded, deterioration of the
heat generating state of the heat generating body 3 in
accordance with the expansion is suppressed so that the
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
4
a
- 45 -
amount of heat (Joule heat) generated by the heat
generating body 3 can be determined by fixed electric
conductivity. Thus, continuous heat generation can be
stably realized. Moreover, the durability of the inside of
the container 1 is enhanced, and the heat generating means
that has further firmness against heat generated by the
heat generating body 3 and that has high strength is formed.
Accordingly, heat energy is stably supplied by the heat
generating means 10, and thus, power can be stably
generated by the thermoelectric means 20.
[0080]
Also, the heat generating means 10 may be formed into
a flat plate-like shape, as illustrated in Figure 4(a). In
this case, the power generating apparatus according to the
present embodiment may be formed into a thin plate shape.
Thus, by the space-saving shape in which the space in the
height direction is suppressed, heat energy can be stably
generated.
[0081]
In addition, the heat generating means 10 may be
formed into a columnar shape, as illustrated in Figure 4(b).
For example, the heat generating means 10 may be formed to
be a stick-shaped heat generating device. Thus, since the
heat generating device according to the present embodiment
has a simple structure and is configured with the reduced
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
=
=
- 46 -
number of required components, the operation of the device
is stabilized. Accordingly, a heat generating device which
can be freely carried is obtained at low cost. Due to this
shape, a compact configuration is realized by use of a
small-sized button battery as a power source, for example.
Due to this compact configuration, when being installed in
a palm site of a robot, the heat generating device can make
the outer surface of the palm of the robot warm at moderate
temperature (e.g., about 40 to 50 C) as warm as body
temperature. A body-temperature robot which gives a sense
as warm as body temperature when shaking hands is performed,
can be implemented.
[0082]
Since the heat generating means 10 is formed from the
elastic body, the container itself serves as an absorbing
body for, even when the volume of the inside of the
container is expanded by heat generation performed by the
heat generating body, absorbing the expansion. Thus, the
heat resistance of the inside of the container is enhanced
so that the heat generating means 10 which has firmness
against heat generated by the heat generating body and
which has high strength is formed. Accordingly, heat
energy is stably supplied by the heat generating means 10,
and thus, power can be stably generated.
[0083]
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
=
- 47 -
Moreover, in the heat generating body according to the
present embodiment, the heat generating body 3 contains the
silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b as component
substances. The density of the heat generating body 3
preferably decreases as the average particle diameter
and/or the total weight of the carbon powder 3b contained
in the heat generating body 3 increases. When the density
of the heat generating body 3 decreases as the average
particle diameter and/or the total weight of the carbon
powder 3b contained in the heat generating body 3 increases,
as described above, the conductivity of the carbon powder
3b acts to cause the current to easily flow under a high
porosity (low density) state, whereas the insulation
properties of the silicon powder 3a acts under a low
porosity (high density) state. As a result of
complementary actions of these two types of powder, heat
energy can be more stably kept high.
[0084]
For example, in the heat generating body 3, the volume
ratio of the carbon powder 3b can be set to 40 to 60 vol%,
and the volume ratio of the silicon powder 3a can be set to
40 to 60 vol%. Since, in the heat generating body 3, the
volume ratio of the carbon powder 3b is set to 40 to 60
vol% and the volume ratio of the silicon powder 3a is set
to 40 to 60 vol%, as described above, the heat generating
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
= ,
- 48 -
means 10 can more appropriately generate heat. Note that
the other component substances are not limited to
particular substances, and various substances can be mixed
according to the purpose or use.
[0085]
In particular, in the heat generating body according
to the present embodiment, the raw materials of the silicon
powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b which are the component
substances of the heat generating body 3 are powder, and
further, the powder state is maintained when being heated,
and the powder state is maintained even after the heating
is ended. The heat generating body can be easily produced
because heat generating body uses the powder, as described
above (essentially, the production is possible only by
mixing), and also, the heat generating body further
provides an excellent advantage of being easily reused
because the heat generating body can be taken out after use
while remaining in the powder state. Regarding this point,
a conventional heat generating body is essentially heated
in a solid state. Thus, the heat generating body according
to the present embodiment is significantly more excellent
in the production cost, the reuse cost, and the
handleability, compared to the conventional one.
[0086]
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
) - 49 -
As another component substance contained in the heat
generating body 3, a powder substance is preferable
although the particle diameter thereof is not limited to a
particular diameter. The heat generating body preferably
contains ferric oxide and/or aluminum oxide in a powder
state because the resistance value can be freely set. When
the heat generating body contains ferric oxide and/or
aluminum oxide in a powder state, as described above, the
ferric oxide and/or aluminum oxide in a powder state gives
resistance (particularly, initial resistance) in heat
generation. Accordingly, a desired resistance value can be
freely set by blending of the ferric oxide and/or aluminum
oxide in a powder state. As another option, silicon oxide
is preferably added for the same reason. This allows a
desired resistance value to be freely set.
[0087]
Alternatively, as another component substance
contained in the heat generating body 3, incineration ash
and/or mineral in a powder state is preferably contained.
As the incineration ash, incineration ash that is
secondarily discharged in large quantities from an iron
factory or a thermal power plant may be used, and fly ash
is more preferably used. Alternatively, blast furnace slug
powder, silica fume, or the like may be used. Also, the
mineral in a powder state is not limited to a particular
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
- 50 -
one as long as the mineral is a naturally derived inorganic
substance. A substance which maintains its powder state at
high temperature is preferable therefor. For example, an
electric stone (tourmaline) or limonite may be used. In
particular, when an electric stone (tourmaline) or limonite
is used, the heat radiating properties thereof can maintain
the generated heat energy for a long time. The particle
diameter of the incineration ash and/or mineral in a powder
state is not limited to a particular diameter, but is
preferably set to about 30 to 180 m, and is more
preferably set to about 30 to 70 m.
[0088]
Figure 5 is an explanatory diagram of the state of the
inside of the heat generating body 3, and, for simple
illustration of the particle diameters of the silicon
powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b, illustrates a case
where the particle diameter of the silicon powder 3a is
larger. However, an actual magnitude relationship between
the particle diameters is not limited to that illustrated
in Figure 5.
[0089]
In the heat generating body 3, as illustrated in
Figure 5(a), the carbon powder 3h contained while being in
the mixed state is expanded by current flowing therethrough,
with a lapse of a heat generating time, and the contact
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
- 51 -
surface a between the carbon powder 3b is increased. By
the increase in the contact surface a, the conductivity in
the heat generating body 3 is increased and the resistance
component is reduced because the carbon powder 3b has
electric conductivity. Thus, the heat generating
performance is likely to be gradually reduced with time.
[0090]
In contrast, in the case where incineration ash and/or
mineral 5 in a powder state is contained in the heat
generating body 3, as illustrated in Figure 5(b), when the
carbon powder 3b contained while being in the mixed state
is expanded by current flowing therethrough, with a lapse
of a heat generating time, increase in the contact surface
a formed between the carbon powder 3b is suppressed because
the incineration ash and/or mineral 5 in a powder state is
contained. Accordingly, the electric conductivity in the
heat generating body 3 is suppressed, reduction of the
resistance component is suppressed, and thus, the heat
generating performance can be kept high with time.
[0091]
That is, in the case where the incineration ash and/or
mineral 5 in a powder state is not contained in the heat
generating body 3, the carbon powder 3b is expanded by
current flowing therethrough (energization) while the
silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b are in the mixed
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
- 52 -
state in the heat generating body 3 as illustrated in
Figure 5(c). Thus, the contact surface a between the
carbon powder 3b is increased, and the heat generating
performance is likely to be gently reduced with time. In
contrast, in the case where the incineration ash and/or
mineral 5 in a powder state is contained in the heat
generating body 3, even when the carbon powder 3b is
expanded by current flowing therethrough (energization) in
the heat generating body 3, increase in the contact surface
a between the carbon powder 3b is suppressed, as
illustrated in Figure 5(d). Thus, the heat generating
performance can be kept high with time.
[0092]
As described above, when the incineration ash and/or
mineral 5 in a powder state is contained in the heat
generating body 3, as illustrated in Figure 5(e), the
connection relationship between the silicon powder 3a and
the carbon powder 3b is uniformized, irrespective of
expansion of the carbon powder 3b by current flowing
therethrough (energization). Accordingly, the electric
conductivity can be kept fixed in the entire heat
generating body 3. Moreover, the diffused state of the
silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b is uniformized
by the incineration ash and/or mineral 5 in a powder state,
and thus, the amount of heat (Joule heat) can be determined
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
1
- 53 -
by the fixed electric conductivity in the heat generating
body 3, irrespective of expansion of the carbon powder 3b
by current flowing therethrough (energization).
[0093]
In addition, according to the confirmation made by the
present inventor, the characteristics obtained on the basis
of the measurement of change of the resistance value with a
temperature rise in the heat generating device according to
the present embodiment are shown in Figure 6. The heat
generating device according to the present embodiment has
the characteristics that the resistance value is reduced
from the initial resistance with a temperature rise, as
shown in Figure 6. On the basis of this, power control can
be performed by control based on voltage (CV) without
involving control based on current (CC) so that simpler
control can be performed. The inclination of a line
segment (the change amount of the resistance value with
respect to the temperature rise) shown in the graph in
Figure 6 can be controlled with use of the ratio of the
silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b. Also, in
particular, a point of inflection generated around 700 to
800 C can be controlled by adjustment of the particle sizes
of the silicon powder 3a and the carbon powder 3b
(particularly, the particle size of the silicon powder 3a).
That is, the point of inflection can be brought closer to
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
,
,
- 54 -
700 C when the particle size is set to be smaller, while
the point of inflection can be brought closer to 800 C when
the particle size is set to be larger, whereby the
resistance characteristics can be easily designed. Further,
the resistance value at 1000 C is more preferably about 7
to 8 Q. In control of the resistance value, the resistance
value (particularly, the initial resistance) can be
increased by addition of aforementioned ferric oxide powder,
aluminum oxide powder, incineration ash powder such as fly
ash, or mineral powder. Also in view of this point, the
resistance characteristics can be easily designed.
[0094]
The heat generating device (the heat generating means
10) according to the present embodiment can be used as
various heat sources because the aforementioned excellent
characteristics are exerted. The application range thereof
is wide. As one example, the heat generating device can be
used for a power generating apparatus.
[0095]
As illustrated in Figure 7(a), the power generating
apparatus according to the first embodiment generates power
upon supply of external power 100 from the outside,
includes the aforementioned heat generating device, and is
configured to include the heat generating means 10 that
generates heat by supply of the external power 100 to the
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opposed electrodes, and the thermoelectric means 20 which
has an opposing surface 21 and a rear surface 22, in which
the opposing surface 21 is disposed so as to be close to
the heat generating means 10, and which converts the
temperature difference between the opposing surface 21 and
the rear surface 22 to electric energy.
[0096]
With this configuration, as illustrated in Figure 7(b),
heat energy (H) is radiated to the surrounding area by heat
generation performed by the heat generating means 10, and
the opposing surface 21 of the thermoelectric means 20
receives the heat energy (H). On the other hand, the rear
surface 22 disposed on the rear side of the thermoelectric
means 20 is cooled (C) by the outside air. As a result, a
large temperature difference between the opposing surface
21 and the rear surface 22 is generated.
[0097]
Also, since the heat generating means 10 has a
characteristic of generating heat, irrespective of the
directivity of power source current, the heat generating
means 10 can generate heat from both AC and DC power
sources in the same manner without changing the circuit
configuration thereof. Due to this excellent property,
both when the external power 100 is AC-based power 100a
which is AC and when the external power 100 is DC-based
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
A
- 56 -
power 100b which is DC, as illustrated in Figure 7(b), heat
can be generated in the same manner without changing the
circuit configuration. Accordingly, the external power 100
can be configured to include the AC-based power 100a only
or the DC-based power 100b only, and further, can be
configured as a hybrid (AC/DC hybrid) in which the AC-based
power 100a and the DC-based power 100b are combined.
[0098]
As described above, heat is generated by current
flowing through the heat generating means 10, as
illustrated in Figures 7(a) and 7(b), irrespective of
whether current I. supplied from the external power 100 is
DC or AC, and a large temperature difference is generated
between the opposing surface 21 and the rear surface 22 of
the thermoelectric means 20. As a result, power for
causing current 12 to flow through the thermoelectric means
20 can be obtained. That is, even when the external power
100 is low, large power can be stably taken out from the
thermoelectric means 20 since the heat energy (H)
efficiently obtained by the heat generating means 10 and
the cooling (C) by the outside air are combined.
[0099]
The thermoelectric means 20 is not limited to
particular means as long as the means has a property
(thermoelectric property) of converting a temperature
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t A
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difference to electric energy. However, as illustrated in
Figure 7(c), a plurality of metal pieces 23 each having one
end 23a and the other end 23b are included, the ends 23a
constitute the opposing surface 21, and the other ends 23b
constitute the rear surface 22. As the thermoelectric
means 20 thus configured, the thermoelectric means 20 is
preferably formed of a Seebeck element or a Thomson element.
The Seebeck element is more preferably used.
[0100]
The Seebeck element uses a physical phenomenon
(Seebeck effect) in which the temperature difference
generated between both ends of an object is directly
converted to electric energy, and can easily generate power
by using the temperature difference between the ends 23a
which are turned to be a high temperature side by the heat
generating means 10 and the other ends 23b which are turned
to be a low temperature side compared to the ends 23a, in
the aforementioned metal pieces 23.
[0101]
The type of the metal pieces 23 is not limited to a
particular type as long as the metal pieces 23 are metal.
For example, copper or aluminum may be used therefor. When
the thermoelectric means 20 is formed from a Seebeck
element or a Thomson element, as described above, a simpler
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
,
- 58 -
configuration can be formed, and power can be stably
generated by the thermoelectric means 20.
[0102]
(Second Embodiment)
A power generating apparatus according to a second
embodiment of the present application will be described in
accordance with the configuration diagram in Figure 8.
[0103]
Similar to the power generating apparatus according to
the aforementioned first embodiment, the power generating
apparatus according to the second embodiment, includes the
heat generating means 10 including the container 1, the
pair of opposed electrodes 2 consisting of the first
electrode 2a and the second electrode 2b, and the heat
generating body 3 formed of the silicon powder 3a and the
carbon powder 3b, and includes the thermoelectric means 20.
The power generating apparatus further includes heat
storing means 30 that is disposed between the heat
generating means 10 and the thermoelectric means 20 and
that stores heat generated by heat generation performed by
the heat generating means 10, as illustrated in Figure 8(a).
[0104]
Also, the shape of the heat generating means 10 is not
limited to a particular shape, but may be a flat plate-like
shape, as illustrated in Figure 8(a), or may be a
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
, t
- 59 -
cylindrical shape, as illustrated in Figure 8(b), for
example.
[0105]
The heat storing means 30 functions as a thermally
conductive layer (intermediate layer) that is interposed
between the heat generating means 10 and the thermoelectric
means 20 so as to exchange heat energy. The material
forming the heat storing means 30 is not limited to a
particular material, but flat metal is preferably used
therefor. A copper plate may be used therefor in view of
handling easiness. Alternatively, a heat pipe, ceramic
concrete, a mineral pump, a silicon grease, or the like may
be used, for example. In addition, an earthware such as a
ceramic tile, or a brick having high heat-storage
performance such as a heat storage brick or a refractory
brick may be used. Smooth use thereof can be performed in
cold climate areas where such bricks are commonly used.
[0106]
With this configuration, the heat storing means 30
temporarily holds heat generated by heat generation
performed by the heat generating means 10. Accordingly,
heat energy variation can be allowed (buffered), and, even
when excessive heat energy is generated by heat generation
performed by the heat generating means 10, the heat energy
does not need to be discharged as unnecessary energy but is
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temporarily held in the heat storing means 30 so as to be
usable. Accordingly, power can be stably generated by the
thermoelectric means 20 with higher energy efficiency. In
addition, the heat storing means 30 can be used as a backup
heat source even when power from the external power 100 is
interrupted because the heat storing means 30 holds heat
energy for a certain time. Accordingly, power can be
continuously generated even when the power source is
interrupted.
[0107]
In addition, also when heat generation performed by
the heat generating means 10 suddenly changes or stops, the
operation of the thermoelectric means 20 can be continued
with use of the heat energy held in the heat storing means
30, whereby the operation stability can also be enhanced.
Moreover, the heat storing means 30 uniformizes heat
generated by heat generation performed by the heat
generating means 10 and holds the heat. Thus, stable
supply can be performed while the temperature (optimum
temperature) for optimizing (maximizing) the power
conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric means 20 is
maintained. Power can be generated under the condition
where the heat generating performance of the thermoelectric
means 20 is optimized. Accordingly, power can be stably
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and continuously generated by the thermoelectric means 20
with higher energy efficiency.
[0108]
Furthermore, as a result, the heat storing means 30
diffuses and supplies, to the thermoelectric means 20, heat
generated by heat generation performed by the heat
generating means 10. For example, for the thermoelectric
means 20 that is formed of Seebeck elements or Thomson
elements, heat energy supplied from the heat generating
means 10 can be diffused and supplied to each of the
Seebeck elements or the Thomson elements forming the
thermoelectric means 20 such that the heat energy becomes
lower than the upper limit heat absorbing temperature of
the Seebeck elements or the Thomson elements. Accordingly,
heat energy can be exchanged with efficiency within the
allowance range of the Seebeck elements or Thomson elements
so as to sufficiently correspond to the heat absorbing
performance of the elements. Accordingly, the performance
of the Seebeck elements or Thomson elements can be stably
and sufficiently exerted.
[0109]
Since the heat storing means 30 diffuses and supplies,
to the thermoelectric means 20, heat generated by heat
generation performed by the heat generating means 10, as
described above, the thermoelectric means 20 constantly
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receives, at the opposing surface 21, uniform heat energy
within the operable range. Accordingly, more stable power
can be continuously generated.
[0110]
(Third Embodiment)
A power generating apparatus according to a third
embodiment of the present application will be described in
accordance with the configuration diagrams in Figure 9.
[0111]
Similar to the power generating apparatus according to
the aforementioned first embodiment, the power generating
apparatus according to the third embodiment includes the
heat generating means 10 including the container 1, the
pair of opposed electrodes 2 consisting of the first
electrode 2a and the second electrode 2b, and the heat
generating body 3 formed from the silicon powder 3a and the
carbon powder 3b, and includes the thermoelectric means 20.
As illustrated in Figure 9(a), the power generating
apparatus is configured to further include cooling means 40
which is formed of a fluid having cooling performance,
which is disposed so as to be close to the rear surface 22
of the thermoelectric means 20, and which cools the rear
surface 22 of the thermoelectric means 20.
[0112]
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C
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As the cooling means 40, water or outside air which is
naturally generated, or a device having cooling performance
such as a cooler or a heat pipe can be widely used. For
example, in cold climate areas, etc., where snow and ice
always exist, the power generating apparatus according to
the present embodiment only needs to be placed or embedded
in the snow or ice. Thus, the cooling means 40 can act
excellently.
[0113]
Since the cooling means 40 which cools the rear
surface 22 of the thermoelectric means 20 is included, the
thermoelectric means 20 receives, at the opposing surface
21, heat generated by heat generation performed by the heat
generating means 10, while the cooling means 40 cools the
rear surface 22 of the thermoelectric means 20.
Accordingly, a large temperature difference is generated in
the thermoelectric means 20 so that larger power can be
generated by the thermoelectric means 20.
[0114]
Note that, as a matter of course, the power generating
apparatus according to the present embodiment also may be
configured to include the heat storing means 30, as in the
power generating apparatus according to the second
embodiment, as illustrated in Figure 9(b).
[0115]
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(Fourth Embodiment)
A power generating apparatus according to a fourth
embodiment of the present application will be described in
accordance with the configuration diagrams in Figures 10 to
16.
[0116]
Similar to the power generating apparatus according to
the aforementioned fourth embodiment, the power generating
apparatus according to the fourth embodiment includes the
heat generating means 10 including the container 1, the
pair of opposed electrodes 2 consisting of the first
electrode 2a and the second electrode 2b, and the heat
generating body 3 formed from the silicon powder 3a and the
carbon powder 3b, the thermoelectric means 20, and the
cooling means 40. Furthermore, as illustrated in Figure
10(a), the power generating apparatus is configured such
that the external power 100 is power derived from the
natural energy 200.
[0117]
The natural energy 200 is not limited to particular
energy, but water power energy, wind power energy, or solar
energy can be adopted therefor. As power generation
methods for generating the external power 100 from these
types of energy, water power generation, wind power
generation, and solar power generation can be used.
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Regarding water power energy and wind power energy, power
is generated by a power generator 102 with use of energy
that has been generated by a turbine 101 being rotated by
the natural energy 200 so that external power 100 can be
obtained, as illustrated in Figure 10(a), for example. In
this way, an AC power source is generated from the natural
energy 200, and is used as the external power 100 as it is.
Solar energy as another natural energy 200 generates a DC
power source. Thus, after AC conversion to an AC power
source is performed thereon, the AC power source can be
used as the external power 100, as in the aforementioned
case.
[0118]
When the external power 100 derived from the natural
energy 200 is used, a switching mechanism serving as a
thermostat may be provided between the external power 100
and the heat generating means 10. When excessive power
source supply of the natural energy 200 the power source
supply amount of which is unstable is generated or when the
amount of heat generated by the heat generating means 10 is
made excessively large by the switching mechanism, the
switching mechanism is controlled to be off (turned off) so
that the power source supply amount from the external power
100 is controlled. Accordingly, heat generation can be
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stably and continuously performed by the heat generating
means 10.
[0119]
The external power 100 is power derived from the
natural energy 200, as described above. Thus, even when
the natural energy 200 the power generation amount of which
is low and unstable is used as a power source because the
heat generating efficiency of the heat generating means is
very high, the heat generating means 10 can stably perform
heat generation, that is, power can be stably and
continuously generated by the thermoelectric means 20 with
use of the natural energy. Accordingly, stable power is
taken out from the external power 100 that has been
obtained with use of the natural energy 200. Thus, the
efficient use of the natural energy 200 can be performed.
[0120]
In a more preferable configuration, the external power
100 is supplied by power derived from the natural energy
200 based on a fluid, and the cooling means 40 is formed of
the fluid. The cooling means 40 is still more preferably
formed of the fluid that has cooling performance.
[0121]
As the fluid forming the cooling means 40 is not
limited to a particular fluid, and both gas and a liquid
can be used therefor. That is, an air flow may be used, or
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- 67 -
a water flow may be used therefor. For example, as
illustrated in Figure 10(a), when water power energy is
used as the natural energy 200, water which is the fluid
used to cause water power by means of the turbine 101 can
be used. When wind power energy is used as the natural
energy 200, wind (an air flow) which is the gas used to
cause wind power by means of the turbine 101 can be used.
[0122]
That is, the external power 100 is supplied by power
derived from the natural energy 200 based on dynamic energy
of the fluid, and the cooling means 40 cools the rear
surface of the thermoelectric means with use of the static
energy of the fluid. For example, when wind power energy
is used as the natural energy 200, the fluid is an air flow
(wind), the dynamic energy of the fluid is the fluid
flowing force (i.e., wind power), the static energy of the
fluid is the temperature of the air flow (wind). For
example, when water power energy is used as the natural
energy 200, the fluid is a water flow (water), the dynamic
energy of the fluid is the water flowing force (i.e., water
power), and the static energy of the fluid is the
temperature of a water flow (water). In any case, since
the static energy of the fluid has high cooling performance
(having temperature lower than the surrounding temperature),
the fluid functions as the cooling means 40 to actively
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
v = t
- 68 -
cool the rear surface 22 of the thermoelectric means 20.
Accordingly, a large temperature difference is generated in
the thermoelectric means 20, and large power can be stably
generated by the temperature difference.
[0123]
Since the fluid forming the cooling means 40 and
having cooling performance is identical to the fluid for
causing the natural energy 200, a fluid to be used for
power generation using the natural energy 200 is also
returned to the power generating apparatus according to the
present embodiment and is reused so that a larger
temperature difference is generated in the thermoelectric
means 20. Accordingly, efficient use of natural energy can
be performed with higher efficiency, while power can be
stably and continuously generated by the thermoelectric
means 20.
[0124]
Since the power generating apparatus according to the
present embodiment can also efficiently use a fluid used
for power generation performed by the natural energy 200,
the power generating apparatus may be used in a form (a
built-in form) of having been integrally incorporated as a
part of a power generation facility.
[0125]
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Note that, as a matter of course, also in the power
generating apparatus according to the present embodiment,
the configuration including the heat storing means 30 as in
the power generating apparatus according to the second
embodiment can be adopted, as illustrated in Figure 10(b).
[0126]
As the configuration including the heat storing means
30, a heat dissipator (e.g., a heat sink) may be
incorporated as the cooling means 40 to cool the
thermoelectric means 20, for example. A heat sink 41 can
be placed together with the thermoelectric means 20 on the
upper surface of the heat storing means 30, as illustrated
in Figure 11(a), for example. When viewed from the upper
surface of the heat storing means 30, the plurality of
thermoelectric means 20 and the heat sink 41 are placed on
the upper surface of the heat storing means 30, as
illustrated in Figure 11(b).
[0127]
With this configuration, heat energy hl generated by
heat generation performed by the heat generating means 10
spreads over the heat storing means 30 while being diffused
in the heat storing means 30 so that the heat energy hl is
uniformly transferred to the thermoelectric means 20
disposed on the upper surface and the thermoelectric means
20 is cooled by the heat sink 41. Accordingly, a large
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
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capacity of power can be more efficiently generated by the
temperature difference in the thermoelectric means 20.
[0128]
In addition, heat energy h2 is dissipated by the heat
sink 41 to the outside. Accordingly, the heat energy h2 can
be used as various heat sources.
[0129]
With this configuration, the heat energy hl generated
by heat generation performed by the heat generating means
spreads over the heat storing means 30 while being
diffused in the heat storing means 30 so that the heat
energy hl is uniformly transferred to the thermoelectric
means 20 disposed on the upper surface and the
thermoelectric means 20 is cooled from the heat sink 41.
Accordingly, a large capacity of power can be more
efficiently generated by the temperature difference in the
thermoelectric means 20.
[0130]
The shape of the heat sink 41 is not limited to a
particular shape, but the heat sink 41 is formed of
multiple fins (plates), multiple needles, or bellows. The
material of the heat sink 41 is not limited to a particular
material, but the heat sink 41 is preferably made from
metal. For example, aluminum, iron, or copper may be used
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
1 'a
- 71 -
therefor. Alternatively, nonmetal such as an earthware or
brick may be used.
[0131]
Moreover, as illustrated in Figure 11(c), a part of
power (current 12) generated by the thermoelectric means 20
can be returned to serve as the power source for the heat
generating means 10. In this case, the external power 100
can be controlled by current and voltage control in which
power to be supplied to the heat generating means 10 can be
turned on/off by switching. For example, as illustrated in
Figure 11(c), power control 100c to control power to be
supplied to the heat generating means 10 by connection to a
commercial power 300 which is used as a backup power source
is provided. Accordingly, when the power (current ID from
the external power 100 is large, control to cause a small
amount of power, as a part of the power (current 12)
generated by the thermoelectric means 20, to return to
serve as the power source for the heat generating means 10,
can be performed by the power control 100c. When the power
(current ID from the external power 100 is small, the
power control 100c can be performed to perform optimum
control in which a smaller amount of power is controlled to
be returned, as a part (current 12) of the power generated
by the thermoelectric means 20, so as to serve as the power
source for the heat generating means 10.
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
T 11
- 72 -
[0132]
With this configuration, due to the high heat
generating efficiency of the heat generating means 10,
power supplied from the external power 100 is set to be off
through switching after the initial heating performed by
the heat generating means 10, and thereafter, heat energy
is stored in the heat storing means 30. Accordingly, a
part of power generated by the thermoelectric means 20 can
be used as power for the heat generating means 10, and
power generation can be efficiently performed while saving
energy without constantly using power from the external
power 100.
[0133]
When wind power or water power is used as the natural
energy 200, for example, the cooling means 40 is formed
with use of wind power or water power which is a fluid used
in power generation using the natural energy 200 so that
efficient cooling is performed, as shown in Figure 12(a),
for example. When solar light is used as the natural
energy 200, for example, the cooling means 40 is formed
with use of air so that efficient cooling is performed, as
illustrated in Figure 12(b), for example.
[0134]
Moreover, in the power generating apparatus according
to the present embodiment, only the external power 100
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derived from one type of the natural energy 200 may be used.
However, a plurality of types of the natural energy 200 may
be simultaneously used such that the external power 100
generated from the various types of the natural energy 200
can be used in combination (irrespective of whether the
external power 100 is an AC power source or a DC power
source).
[0135]
For example, when the plurality of types of the
natural energy 200 are all configured to generate AC power
sources, the plurality of types of the natural energy 200
can be used as one AC power source as the whole. When the
plurality of types of the natural energy 200 are all
configured to generate DC power sources, the plurality of
types of the natural energy 200 can be used as one DC power
source as the whole. When the plurality of types of the
natural energy 200 include both energy to generate an AC
power source and energy to generate a DC power source, the
plurality of types of the natural energy 200 can be used as
a hybrid (AC/DC hybrid) of the AC power source and the DC
power source.
[0136]
When water power energy which generates an AC power
source and solar energy which generates a DC power source
are simultaneously used as the natural energy 200, for
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
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- 74 -
example, no DC power derived from the solar energy is
generated during a midnight time zone (e.g., from 0000 to
0500 o'clock) because there is no solar light during this
time zone, while AC power derived from the water power
energy is generated by water power, as shown in Figure 13.
Thus, the total power amount gradually increases with a
lapse of time.
[0137]
Next, during the daytime zone (e.g., from 0500 to 2000
o'clock), DC power derived from solar energy is generated
by solar light and AC power derived from water power energy
is also generated. Thus, the total power amount increases
because the DC power and the AC power are overlappingly
accumulated.
[0138]
During the night time zone (e.g., 20 to 24 2000 to
2400 o'clock), no DC power derived from solar energy is
generated because there is no sun light during this time
zone. However, heat energy stored during the daytime zone
in the heat generating means 10 remains. AC power derived
from water power energy is combined therewith, and thus,
the total power amount stably changes with a lapse of time
without involving a sudden drop.
[0139]
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Thereafter, the total power amount stably changes with
a lapse of time as before due to contribution made by the
stored heat energy buffered in the heat generating means 10.
When the aforementioned heat storing means 30 is further
added, the heat storing efficiency in the daytime zone is
further enhanced. Thus, the total power amount more stably
changes with a lapse of time.
[0140]
As described above, stable power generation can be
performed with an unprecedent simple configuration in which,
due to the highly efficient heat generation amount and the
heat storage amount exerted by the heat generating means 10,
a hybrid (AC/DC hybrid) of the AC power source and the DC
power source can be formed from the plurality of types of
the natural energy 200 without requiring any inverter. As
the natural energy 200 which causes DC power, tidal power
may be used. Irrespective of tides, stable power
generation can be performed with the hybrid (AC/DC hybrid)
of the AC power source and the DC power source.
[0141]
In addition, as illustrated in Figure 14, in the power
generating apparatus according to the present embodiment,
the heat sinks 41 are disposed so as to be opposed to each
other, and a space between the opposed heat sinks 41 may be
cooled by use of a cooling fan 103. Figure 14(a)
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illustrates the cooling means 40 using air cooling in wind
power generation or solar power generation. Figure 14(b)
illustrates the cooling means 40 using water cooling in
water power generation.
[0142]
Further, in wind power generation, the aforementioned
air cooling can be performed by the turbine 101 provided to
the power generator 102, as illustrated in Figure 15(a).
Since the thermosensor switch 104 which is used when power
is supplied from the power generator 102 to the heat
generating means 10 is provided, fixed temperature control
can be performed. In solar power generation, the
aforementioned air cooling can be performed by an inverter
105 provided to a solar panel 104, as illustrated in Figure
15(b). In water power generation, the aforementioned air
cooling can be performed by the turbine 101 provided to the
power generator 102, as illustrated in Figure 16(a). By
the aforementioned thermosensor switch 104, control to make
temperature fixed can be performed with high accuracy, as
illustrated in Figure 16(b).
[0143]
(Fifth Embodiment)
Note that, in the aforementioned embodiments, the flat
plate-like thermoelectric means 20 is disposed so as to be
close to the heat generating means 10. However, the
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
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arrangement is not limited to these embodiments. In a
fifth embodiment, as illustrated in Figure 17(a), the heat
generating means 10 may have a cylindrical shape while the
thermoelectric means 20 may be formed to have a tubular
shape and be configured to surround the heat generating
means 10.
[0144]
With this configuration, as illustrated in Figure
17(b), the heat energy (H) emitted from the heat generating
means 10 to the surrounding area is completely received by
the thermoelectric means 20. Thus, the temperature
difference between the opposing surface 21 and the rear
surface 22 of the thermoelectric means 20 is further
increased so that power can be more efficiently generated
by the thermoelectric means 20.
[0145]
Furthermore, as illustrated in Figure 17(c), the heat
storing means 30 having been described in the second
embodiment may be interposed between the heat generating
means 10 and the thermoelectric means 20. With this
configuration, since the heat storing means 30 encloses the
circumference of the heat generating means 10, the heat
energy (H) generated by heat generation performed by the
heat generating means 10 can be completely held so that all
the heat energy (H) generated by the heat generating means
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is temporarily held in the heat storing means 30 with no
loss so as to be able to be used. Accordingly, power can
be stably generated by the thermoelectric means 20 with
higher energy efficiency.
[0146]
As described above, as one example of the power
generating apparatus in which heat is generated by the heat
generating means 10 and the outer portion thereof is cooled
by a fluid, a configuration in which a partition is
provided in a casing having a cylindrical or rectangular
parallelepiped body, the heat generating means 10 is stored
in the partition, and the cooling fluid is caused to flow
to the outer part of the partition can be adopted.
[0147]
(Sixth Embodiment)
A heating apparatus can be configured by using the
heat generating device according to any one of the
aforementioned first to third embodiments. The heating
apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present
application will be described in accordance with the
configuration diagrams in Figure 18.
[0148]
As illustrated in Figure 18, the heating apparatus
according to the sixth embodiment is configured to include
the heat generating means 10 which is formed of the heat
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generating device, heat pipes 50 which each have a
longitudinal shape and which generate heat upon supply of
external power from the outside to the opposed electrodes,
a heat storing part 60 which is made from a metal ingot,
and in which a housing portion 61 formed of a through hole
61b (the open end of this hole is defined as an opening
portion 61a) in close contact with at least a longitudinal
surface of the heat generating means 10 is formed in the
metal ingot, and holding portions 62 formed of through
holes 62b (the open end of each of these holes is defined
as an opening portion 62a) being disposed at symmetric
positions around the arrangement position of the housing
portion 61 and holding the heat pipes 50 while being in
close contact with longitudinal surfaces of the heat pipes
50, are formed in the metal ingot, and control means which
controls heat generation start and heat generation stop of
the heat generating means 10 such that the thermal energy
stored in the heat storing part 60 does not fall below
energy dissipated by the heat pipes 50.
[0149]
The shape of the heat generating means 10 is not
limited to a particular shape, but may be a cylindrical
shape, for example. Alternatively, a rectangular
parallelepiped shape may be adopted therefor.
[0150]
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The shape of the heat pipe 50 is not limited to a
particular shape as long as the shape is a longitudinal
shape. For example, a cylindrical body can be adopted
therefor. Alternatively, a rectangular parallelepiped
shape may be adopted therefor.
[0151]
As illustrated in Figure 18(a), the heat storing part
60 is formed of a metal ingot, and includes, at the center,
a housing portion 61 formed of a through hole 61b and an
opening portion 61a, and includes, at symmetrical positions
around the arrangement position of the housing portion 61,
the holding portions 62 which each include a through hole
62b and an opening portion 62b.
[0152]
The metal ingot is not limited to a particular metal
ingot, but iron, copper, an aluminum alloy, or stainless
can be used therefor, for example. A metal ingot formed
from an aluminum alloy (a so-called aluminum block) is more
preferably used therefor. Due to high latent heat property
of the aluminum alloy (solidification latent heat is 394
J/g at 700 C), a simple configuration including heat
generation performed by the heat generating means 10, heat
storage performed by the heat storing part 60 (e.g., an
aluminum block), heat dissipation performed by the heat
pipe 50 causes functions of the advantages of the
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components including the configured heat generating means
10, the heat storing part 60 (e.g., an aluminum block), and
the heat pipes 50. Thus, the present heating apparatus can
exert a significantly excellent heat retaining property.
Moreover, the metal ingot may be warmed with a thermal
insulating material (e.g., a cork material). In this case,
a higher heat retaining efficient can be maintained.
[0153]
In addition, as illustrated in Figures 18(b) and 18(c),
the heat pipes 50 are fixed and held by the holding
portions 62, respectively. The heat pipes 50 each have a
hollow inner part, and transfer heat by fluidizing working
gas in the inner part. Moreover, in order to obtain a
higher heat dissipating property, heat dissipation is
preferably performed by use of fins such as aluminum fins
around the heat pipes 50.
[0154]
For example, the heat generating means 10, which is
illustrated in Figure 19(a) as a schematic configuration
diagram, and fixed to the heat storing part 60 (e.g., an
aluminum block) can be connected to the heat pipes 50 and
the fins 70 can be provided around the heat pipes 50, as
illustrated in Figure 19(b).
[0155]
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As a matter of course, also when the heat generating
means 10 is housed inside the heat storing part 60 (e.g.,
an aluminum block), as illustrated in Figure 20(a), the
heat generating means 10 and the heat storing part 60 (e.g.,
an aluminum block) can be connected to the heat pipes 50
and the fins 70 can be provided around the heat pipes 50,
as illustrated in Figure 20(b).
[0156]
The material of the fins 70 is not limited to a
particular material, but iron, copper, an aluminum alloy,
or stainless can be used therefor. Fins (so-called
aluminum fins) formed from aluminum alloys are more
preferably used.
[0157]
Moreover, when the weight of component metal (e.g., an
aluminum alloy) in the heat storing part 60 (e.g., an
aluminum block) is increased, the amount of latent heat in
the heat storing part 60 (e.g., an aluminum block) is
increased. Therefore, the heat dissipation time can be
lengthened. Furthermore, since the heat emission amount
can be controlled on the basis of the dimension of the
total length of the heat pipes 50 and the fins 70, the heat
emission amount can be freely controlled on the basis of
the volume of a space. Thus, a heating apparatus can be
easily designed.
CA 03060375 2019-10-17
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[0158]
The number of the heat generating means 10 and the
number of the heat pipes 50 can be freely designed in light
of the volume of a space therefor, etc. For example, as
illustrated in Figure 21(a), the apparatus can be formed of
one heat generating means 10 and four heat pipes 50 and
four fins 70 surrounding the heat generating means 10.
Alternatively, as illustrated in Figure 21(b), the
apparatus may be formed of two heat generating means 10 and
eight heat pipes 50 and eight fins 70 surrounding the heat
generating means 10. In addition, flat plate-shaped air
fins 70a can be used as the fins 70, as illustrated in
Figure 21(c).
[0159]
When power application from the outside to the heat
generating means 10 is started with the aforementioned
configuration, and the heat generating means 10 generates
power, heat energy generated by the heat generating means
is actively stored in the heat storing part 60 (e.g., an
aluminum block) to slowly transfer the heat energy to the
heat pipes 50. Accordingly, heat dissipation is stably
performed by the heat pipes 50 to which the heat energy has
been stably supplied, and heat dissipation to the outside
is promoted by the fins 70, so that the heat energy is
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efficiently diffused to the outside. Thus, more efficient
heating efficiency can be exerted.
[0160]
Also when the power application from the outside to
the heat generating means 10 is sequentially stopped to
stop the heat generation performed by the heat generating
means 10, the heat energy is slowly and continuously
transferred to the heat pipes 50 through the heat storing
part 60 (e.g., an aluminum block) having stored therein the
heat energy from the heat generating means 10. Accordingly,
heat dissipation is continuously performed by the heat
pipes 50 to which the heat energy has been stably supplied,
and heat dissipation is promoted by the fins 70, so that
the heat energy is efficiently diffused to the outside.
Thus, more efficient heating efficiency can be exerted
while more power is saved.
[0161]
As described above, power application from the outside
to the heat generating means 10 is repeatedly started and
stopped, whereby a power-saving and efficient heating
apparatus can be implemented.
[0162]
That is, the control means appropriately controls
start and stop of heat generation performed by the heat
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generating means 10, whereby a more power-saving and
efficient heating apparatus can be implemented.
[0163]
The control means controls heat generation start and
heat generation stop of the heat generating means 10 such
that thermal energy stored in the heat storing part 60 does
not fall below energy dissipated by the heat pipes 50.
Figure 22 shows an explanatory diagram of the result of
control performed by the control means based on the
measurement values. The control means performs control to
repeat an ON operation and an OFF operation such that, when
the heat generation temperature reaches an upper limit
threshold temperature (e.g., about 70 C) by rising with
time by heat generation performed by the heat generating
means 10, the heat generation of the heat generating means
is stopped (OFF operation), and then, when the heat
generation temperature reaches a lower limit threshold
temperature (e.g., about 50 C), heat generation to be
performed by the heat generating means 10 is started (ON
operation), as indicated by a curved line A shown in Figure
22, for example. The time interval between the ON
operation and the OFF operation may be set to 4 to 5
minutes, as shown in Figure 22. As a result, as indicated
by a curved line B, energy dissipated by the heat pipes 50
is fixed, and the dissipation temperature is fixed (e.g.,
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about 55 C). By the heat generating means 10 which can
increase the temperature to about 300 C with external power
of about 50 W, that is, can obtain high heat energy with
significantly low power, as described in the aforementioned
first embodiment, a heating apparatus having significantly
excellent power saving performance is formed in which
sufficient substantially necessary external power is high
(e.g., 80 W/h) only at an initial temperature rise time,
and thereafter, weak power (e.g., 25 W/h) is sufficient
therefor due to the aforementioned control to repeat the ON
operation and the OFF operation.
[0164]
When the natural energy 200 having been described in
the fourth embodiment is used as the power source (external
power from the outside) for the heat generating means 10, a
power-saving heating system having a low environmental load
and high heating performance is formed independently of a
commercial power source. Use of the heating system
including but not limited to uses including the inside of a
sauna, a greenhouse, a building, a house, or a log cabin,
various devices or vehicles or equipment and block heaters
or industrial equipment such as a die, requiring to be
heated, for example.
[0165]
CA 0313613375 21319-13-17
1 )
- 87 -
As described above, in the sixth embodiment, only by
one increase of the temperature of the heat generating
means 10 due to the excellent heat generation efficiency of
the heat generating means 10, the temperature can be
maintained by the heat storing part 60 for a long time
after the increase, under control by the control means.
Thus, dissipated heat energy dissipated by heat conduction
of the heat pipes 50 is fixed, so that heating can be
stably performed for a long time with a small amount of
power.
[0166]
Note that, in the aforementioned heat generating means
10, the heat generating means 10 may have a configuration
in which the housing portion 61 and the holding portion 62
are formed so as to be each equally divided into two. With
this configuration, the heat generating means 10 can stably
and uniformly supply a heat source for the heat pipes 50.
Accordingly, dissipated heat energy dissipated by heat
conduction of the heat pipes 50 can be fixed, and further,
heating can be stably performed for a long time.
[0167]
(Seventh Embodiment)
A warming apparatus can be configured by use of the
heat generating device according to any one of the
aforementioned first to third embodiments. The warming
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apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of the present
application will be described in accordance with the
configuration diagrams in Figures 23 and 24.
[0168]
As illustrated in Figure 23(a), the warming apparatus
according to the seventh embodiment includes the heating
apparatus including the heat generating means 10 and the
heat storing part 60, and a housing container 80 in which
heat pipe accommodating portions 81 accommodating the heat
pipes 50 are provided and which non-airtightly houses a
medium M made of a liquid or gas, and is for warming or
vaporizing the medium M in the housing container 80.
[0169]
Outer side surfaces of the heat pipe accommodating
portions 81 in the housing container 80 may be left as it
is, but fins 82 are preferably provided thereto in view of
promotion of heat diffusion.
[0170]
In addition, the housing container 80 may house the
medium M while being in an airtight state.
[0171]
With this configuration, the medium in the container
is warmed or vaporized with use of heat stably dissipated
by the heat pipes 50. In the case where the medium M is a
liquid, the liquid can be warmed with higher heat retaining
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property. In the case where the medium M is gas, the
liquid can be quickly vaporized after being taken into the
housing container 80.
[0172]
In the case where the medium M is a liquid (e.g.,
water), as a small-sized example, this configuration can be
used to warm soup dishes such as oden soup which is
regularly provided in shops such as convenience stores or
restaurants, for example, due to the high heat retaining
property. As a larger-sized example, this configuration
can be applied to wide use, such as heated pools or public
bathhouses, for maintaining water temperature. For example,
in the case where the medium M is gas, when a liquid comes
into contact with the heat pipes 50, vapor is immediately
generated by the quick vaporizing property. Thus, use as a
vapor generator or a humidifier is possible.
[0173]
As illustrated in Figure 23(b), the warming apparatus
according to the seventh embodiment may be covered with a
thermal insulating material 90. A cork material may be
used as the thermal insulating material 90. As a result of
covering with the thermal insulating material 90, as
described above, the heat retaining property of the inside
of the housing container 80 is further enhanced.
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Accordingly, a warming apparatus having a higher heat
retaining property can be implemented.
[0174]
Note that the warming apparatus according to the
seventh embodiment may have a vertically placed shape in
which the heat pipes 50 are standing in columnar shapes, as
described above, but is not limited to this. A
horizontally placed shape in which the heat pipes 50 are
horizontally arranged may be adopted. In the case where
the medium M is water, for example, when being configured
to have the horizontally placed shape, as illustrated in
Figure 24, for example, the present warming apparatus can
be configured as a water tank to be able to exert the
excellent heat retaining effect. In addition, a drain hole
83 may be provided in a side surface of the present warming
apparatus according to use.
[0175]
The outer surface of the heat pipe accommodating
portion 81 in the housing container 80 may be left as it is.
However, the fins 82 may be provided thereto in view of
promotion of thermal diffusion, as described above. The
heat retaining property of the inside of the container is
further increased, and thus, a warming apparatus having a
higher heat retaining property is implemented.
[0176]
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Hereinafter, examples will be given in order to
further clarify the features of the present invention, but
the present invention is not restricted by these examples.
[0177]
(Example 1)
In accordance with the aforementioned first embodiment,
a flat plate-like heat generating body having, as
illustrated in Figure 1, a rectangular parallelepiped shape
the height of which is 12 mm and the entire longitudinal
length and the entire lateral length of which are each 170
mm was prepared, the heat generating body is placed on a
Seebeck element having the same size, and thereby, a power
generating apparatus sample was produced. The casing of a
container for the heat generating body was made from
ceramic, and copper was used for opposed electrodes in the
casing. Silicon powder which was 30 to 60 m and used
regenerated silicon and carbon powder which was 30 to 60 m
and was discarded during battery production of a secondary
battery, etc., were housed in the casing. The casing was
closed with a plastic-made cap, and the outer portion of
the cap was fixed with a nut. Constant power was applied
to the sample for 30 minutes.
[0178]
Regarding the result obtained by applying voltage to
the aforementioned power generating apparatus sample for 30
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minutes, the result of time-based temperature rise is shown
on the basis of a power amount (W) in Figure 25. From the
obtained result, from Figure 25, the steep temperature rise
was confirmed within 1 or 2 minutes, and it was also
confirmed that the temperature having risen was not lowered
and certain temperature was maintained even after a lapse
of 30 minutes. Moreover, it was confirmed that the
temperature having risen reached 1000 C. In addition, from
the obtained result, it was confirmed that the temperature
change slightly fluctuated at a point where the lapsed time
is around 8 to 12 minutes in Figure 25. Therefore, during
this time zone, it is conjectured that a change in the
mixed state of the silicon powder and the carbon powder was
generated. The change in the mixed state of the powder
generated the change of the electrical conductivity and
heat conductivity. Thus, it was confirmed that a phase of
the temperature rise was shifted to a phase of maintaining
the certain temperature. It was confirmed that the heat
energy from the heat generating body from which the very
high temperature state was obtained was received by the
Seebeck element, whereby power was stably generated for a
long time.
[0179]
(Example 2)
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In accordance with the aforementioned sixth embodiment,
a flat plate-like heat generating body having, as
illustrated in Figure 21(a), a rectangular parallelepiped
shape the height of which is 12 mm and the entire
longitudinal length and the entire lateral length of which
are each 170 mm was prepared, and the heat generating body
was housed, together with four heat pipes, in an aluminum
block (aluminum alloy) having width 100 mm x height 60 mm x
depth 110 mm and having a weight of 2 kg, and thereby a
sample of a heating apparatus thus configured was produced.
Respective air fins were attached to the four heat pipes.
A casing of a container for the heat generating body was
made from ceramic, and copper was used for opposed
electrodes in the casing. Silicon powder of 30 to 150 m
and carbon powder of 30 to 150 m were housed in the casing.
The casing was closed with a plastic-made cap, and the
outer portion of the cap was fixed with a nut. As samples,
three types of samples including a sample formed of the
heat generating body only, a sample formed of the heat
generating body and the aluminum block, and a sample formed
of the heat generating body, the aluminum block, the heat
pipes, and air fins were produced. Power of 200 W was
applied to these samples, the supply of power was stopped
at the time point when the temperature reached 200 C, and
375-minutes measurement was carried out.
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[0180]
The obtained result of the time-based temperature
change for each sample is shown in Figure 26(a). From the
obtained result, in the sample formed of the heat
generating body only, a steep temperature rise was
confirmed, and a steep temperature drop was confirmed even
when power source supply was stopped. In contrast, in the
sample formed of the heat generating body and the aluminum
block, a moderate temperature rise was confirmed and a
moderate temperature drop was confirmed even when power
source supply was stopped. Therefore, the warming effect
based on the latent heat property of the aluminum block was
confirmed. In the sample formed of the heat generating
body, the aluminum block, the heat pipes, and the air fins,
a moderate temperature rise was confirmed, and a slightly
moderate temperature drop was confirmed even when power
source supply was stopped. Therefore, due to the heat
dissipation effects of the heat pipes and the air fins, the
moderate temperature rise extending for a long time was
confirmed, and the power-saving and high-quality heating
performance was confirmed.
Reference Signs List
[0181]
1 container
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la inner-side insulating portion
lb heat conducting material
lc outer-side insulating portion
2 opposed electrode
2a first electrode
2b second electrode
3 heat generating body
3a silicon powder
3b carbon powder
4 elastic body
incineration ash powder and/or mineral powder
4a first elastic body
4b second elastic body
heat generating means
thermoelectric means
21 opposing surface
22 rear surface
23 metal piece
23a one end
23b other end
heat storing means
cooling means
41 heat sink
heat pipe
heat storing part
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61 housing portion
61a opening portion
61b through hole
62 holding portion
62a opening portion
62b through hole
70 fin
70a air fin
80 housing container
81 heat pipe accommodating portion
82 fin
83 drain hole
100 external power
100a AC-based power
100b DC-based power
100c power control
101 turbine
102 power generator
103 cooling fan
104 thermosensor switch
200 natural energy
300 commercial power
