Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
CA 03063193 2019-11-11
HERBAGE FIBER MATERIAL NORMALIZATION ARRANGEMENT
APPARATUS AND METHOD
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a field of manufacturing hemp fibers.
Specifically, the
present invention relates to a herbage fiber material normalization
arrangement
apparatus and a method.
BACKGROUND
Hemp fibers have a long application history, a manufacture processes thereof
generally include pretreatment, inoculation, zymosis, inactivation, cleaning,
etc, and
all the time, all these processes are performed manually in a natural way.
However,
the conventional processes occupy large space, take a long time, resulting in
low
production efficiency. With the development of industrialization, the hemp
fiber
production technology also changes. For example, after raw materials are
separated
from a stem and peeled, a machine is used to grind them, so that an epidermis
is
crushed and separated from bast fibers. In this process, there is a problem in
which, if
a grinding force is too small, it is difficult for the epidermis to be
separated from the
bast fibers, and if the grinding force is too large, the bast fibers are prone
to be
damaged. In addition, in the process of pretreatment, a large number of
crushed scraps
of the epidermis and fibers will be generated, form a large amount of dust,
which will
not only pollute the environment, but also cause damage to workers' health.
SUMMARY
A technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome a
disadvantage of an existing apparatus for separating the bast fibers and the
epidermis
in which the separation is incomplete or the bast fibers are damaged and the
environment is polluted, and there is provided a herbage fiber material
normalization
arrangement apparatus which is able to not damage fibers and is
environmentally
friendly while separating the bast fibers and the epidermis.
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A herbage fiber material normalization arrangement apparatus of the present
invention comprises:
a feeding device which includes a conveyor belt for conveying herbage fiber
materials
and a feeding drive device for driving the conveyor belt to operate;
a grinding device which includes a rack and multiple pairs of grinding rollers
provided on the rack, the multiple pairs of grinding rollers including
straight tooth
rollers. left-hand curved tooth rollers, right-hand curved tooth rollers and
straight
tooth rollers set in order in a feeding direction, each pair of grinding
rollers including
a driving roller and a driven roller which is located directly above the
driving roller
and meshes with the driving roller, a grinding space. which allows the herbage
fiber
materials to pass, being formed between a meshing plane of concave and convex
teeth
of the driving roller and a meshing plane of concave and convex teeth of the
driven
roller, grinding spaces of the multiple pairs of grinding rollers being
aligned in a
horizontal plane to constitute a grinding channel, the rack being provided
with a
slideway which extends upward and downward, installation shafts of the driven
rollers being able to displace to a certain degree along the slideway in an up
and down
direction, and being simultaneously limited in a horizontal direction, the
grinding
device further including multiple springs, one end of each spring being fixed
to the
rack, the other end of each spring contacting the installation shaft of the
driven roller,
the multiple springs contacting the multiple driven rollers in a one-to-one
corresponding way, the springs applying downward pre-tensioning forces to the
installation shafts of the driven rollers, one end of the grinding device
which is
connected with the feeding device being provided with a guide barrel which is
used to
receive the herbage fiber materials from the feeding device and perform
preliminary
shaping on them, the guide barrel having a rectangular inlet facing the
feeding device
and a rectangular outlet facing the grinding rollers, and in the up and down
direction,
a size of the inlet being larger than that of the outlet, the outlet of the
guide barrel
facing the grinding channel and guiding the herbage fiber materials into the
grinding
space;
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a separation device which includes a perforated conveyor device, a vibration
drive
device for driving the perforated conveyor device to vibrate, and a blower for
blowing
away crushed scraps of an epidermis;
a dust collection device which includes a housing which covers at least the
grinding
device and the separation device, a dust collection tube which communicates
with an
interior of the housing, and an exhaust fan which causes a negative pressure
to be
formed within the housing and the dust collection tube.
Preferably, the dust collection device includes a first dust collection tube
which
communicates with a top of the housing and a second dust collection tube which
communicates with a bottom of the housing, a position in which the housing
communicates with the first dust collection tube has a reverse funnel shape, a
position
in which the housing communicates with the second dust collection tube has a
funnel
shape.
Preferably, in a position close to the position where the feeding device and
the
grinding device connect, the housing of the dust collection device is provided
with a
material inlet which allows the herbage fiber materials to pass, and in a
position close
to one end of the separation device which is remote from the grinding device,
the
housing of the dust collection device is provided with a material outlet which
allows
the herbage fiber materials to pass.
Preferably, a distance between the meshing plane of concave and convex teeth
of the
driving roller and the meshing plane of concave and convex teeth of the driven
roller
is 2-10mm, sizes in a direction of the shaft of the meshing plane of concave
and
convex teeth of the driving roller and the meshing plane of concave and convex
teeth
of the driven roller are the same and are 400-1000mm.
Preferably, the pre-tensioning force of the spring is 150-250KN.
Preferably, one end of the spring is fixed to the rack through a screw, the
other end of
the spring is fixed to the installation shaft of the driven roller through the
screw. An
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inner diameter of the spring is 12-24mm, a diameter of the screw is 14-22mm,
an end
portion of the spring is fit over the screw.
The present invention also provides a herbage fiber material normalization
arrangement method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding herbage fiber materials to a guide barrel of a grinding device
through a
feeding device, and after passing the guide barrel, the herbage fiber
materials being
preliminarily arranged into a fodder curtain which has width and thickness
normalized
to be consistent;
(2) causing the herbage fiber materials which are arranged into the fodder
curtain to,
in order, pass straight tooth rollers to be distributed evenly and compacted,
pass
left-hand curved tooth rollers to be torn in a left direction, pass right-hand
curved
tooth rollers to be torn in a right direction, and pass straight tooth rollers
to be
stretched to be straight;
(3) conveying the herbage fiber materials which pass the rollers to a
vibratable
separation device, to cause crushed scraps of the epidermis to be separated
from the
herbage fibers;
the above mentioned respective steps being all done within a housing of a dust
collection device, and while executing the above mentioned steps, the crushed
scraps
of the epidermis and dust within the housing entering a filter under the
action of a
negative pressure.
In comparison with the prior art, the herbage fiber material normalization
arrangement
apparatus and the herbage fiber material normalization arrangement method of
the
present invention have the following advantageous effects:
the herbage fiber material normalization arrangement apparatus includes the
dust
collection device which may cover the grinding device and the separation
device, to
prevent the scraps and dust from spreading, the dust removal apparatus may
also
perform a collection process on the scraps and dust, prevent them from
polluting the
environment, prevent them from damaging workers' health. Accordingly, in the
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herbage fiber material normalization arrangement method, a process of dust
removal
is added. In addition, performing the drying process after removing the
epidermis of
the herbage fiber materials may improve efficiency of drying and save energy.
Meanwhile, by providing the rack with the slideway which extends upward and
downward, and setting springs between the rack and the installation shafts of
the
driven rollers, it is possible to automatically adjust positions and the pre-
tensioning
forces of the driven rollers according to thickness of the herbage fiber
materials.
DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a herbage fiber material normalization
arrangement
apparatus of one embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic view in which concave and convex teeth of a pair of
grinding
rollers of a herbage fiber material normalization arrangement apparatus of one
embodiment of the present invention mesh.
REFERENCE NUMERALS
1 feeding device, 11 conveyor belt, 12 feeding drive device;
2 grinding device, 21 rack, 22 driving roller, 221 concave and convex teeth of
driving
roller, 23 driving shaft, 24 driven roller. 241 concave and convex teeth of
driven roller,
25 installation shaft, 26 spring, 27 screw, 28 guide barrel, 281 inlet, 282
outlet, 29
grinding space;
3 separation device, 31 hollowed-out conveyor belt, 32 vibration drive device:
4 dust collection device, 41 housing, 42 first dust collection tube, 43 second
dust
collection tube, 44 material inlet, 45 material outlet.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
A herbage fiber material normalization arrangement apparatus of the present
invention may be applied to a pretreatment process of various bast fiber
plants such as
hemp, ramie, kenaf, etc, performs a peeling process on herbage fiber materials
with an
epidermis, and the herbage fiber materials after the peeling process may be
subjected
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to other processes such as drying, etc. Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a
herbage
fiber material normalization arrangement apparatus of one embodiment of the
present
invention, as shown in Figure 1, the herbage fiber material normalization
arrangement
apparatus of the present invention includes a feeding device 1, a grinding
device 2, a
separation device 3 and a dust collection device 4, wherein the feeding device
1, the
grinding device 2 and the separation device 3 are set in order, i.e., the
feeding device
1 feeds the herbage fiber materials to the grinding device 2 to be ground, so
that the
epidermis is crushed and separated from the bast fibers, then the crushed
scraps of the
epidermis are blown away by the separation apparatus.
The feeding device 1 includes a conveyor belt 11 for conveying the herbage
fiber
materials and a feeding drive device 12 for driving the conveyor belt 11 to
operate,
and as a preferable scheme, the conveyor belt 11 is inclined, one end thereof
which is
remote from the grinding device 2 is lower, a worker may handle the herbage
fiber
materials to the conveyor belt 11 more easily. The conveyor belt 11 therein is
preferably hollowed-out, e.g. has circular or long-strip-shaped holes, and in
the course
of conveying, a part of the epidermis which has already been separated from
the bast
fibers and other impurities may fall through the holes, will not enter the
grinding
device 2 along with the bast fibers. The feeding drive device 12 may be an
electric
motor, and via a reducer, drive the conveyor belt 11 to operate.
One end of the grinding device 2 is connected with the feeding device 1 to
receive the
herbage fiber materials from the feeding device 1, the grinding device 2
includes a
rack 21 and multiple pairs of grinding rollers provided on the rack 21. The
multiple
pairs of grinding rollers include straight tooth rollers, left-hand curved
tooth rollers,
right-hand curved tooth rollers and straight tooth rollers set in order in a
feeding
direction. Each pair of grinding rollers include a driving roller 22 and a
driven roller
24 which is located directly above the driving roller 22 and meshes with the
driving
roller 22. A shaft of the driving roller 22 is a driving shaft 23, the driving
roller 22 is
connected with the driving shaft 23 through a key, so that it rotates under
the driving
of the driving shaft 23. The driven roller 24 is connected with a installation
shaft 25
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thereof through a bearing, and under the driving of the driving roller 22, the
driven
roller 24 rotates relative to the installation shaft 25. As shown in Figure 2,
a grinding
space 29, which allows the herbage fiber materials to pass, is formed between
a
meshing plane of concave and convex teeth 221 of the driving roller 22 and a
meshing
plane of concave and convex teeth 241 of the driven roller 24, grinding spaces
29 of
the multiple pairs of grinding rollers are aligned in a horizontal plane to
constitute a
part of a grinding channel. After the herbage fiber materials enter the
grinding channel,
they move under the traction of the driving rollers 22 and the driven rollers
24, and
while moving, are subjected to grinding of the driving rollers 22 and the
driven rollers
24, the epidermis is crushed and is separated from the bast fibers.
One end of the grinding device 2 which is connected with the feeding device 1
is
provided with a guide barrel 28 which is used to receive the herbage fiber
materials
from the feeding device 1 and perform preliminary shaping on them, the guide
barrel
28 has a rectangular inlet 281 facing the feeding device 1 and a rectangular
outlet 282
facing the grinding rollers, and in an up and down direction, a size of the
inlet 281 is
larger than that of the outlet 282, the outlet of the guide barrel 28 faces
the grinding
channel and guides the herbage fiber materials into the grinding channel.
The rack 21 is provided with a slideway (not shown in the Figure) which
extends
upward and downward , the shafts of the driven rollers 24 may displace to a
certain
degree along the slideway in the up and down direction, and is simultaneously
limited
in a horizontal direction, i.e., the driven rollers 24 may displace in the up
and down
direction, but are fixed in the horizontal direction. A specific structure of
the slideway
may be a sliding groove, the shaft is provided with a sliding block, the
sliding block
may move up and down along the sliding groove within the sliding groove, but
can
not move horizontally. The slideway may also be a slide rail, and at this
time, the
sliding block of the shaft is provided with a groove which cooperates with the
slide
rail.
The grinding device 2 further includes multiple springs 26, one end of each
spring 26
is fixed to the rack 21, the other end of each spring 26 contacts the shaft of
the driven
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roller 24, the multiple springs 26 contact the multiple driven rollers 24 in a
one-to-one
corresponding way, the springs 26 apply downward pre-tensioning forces to the
shafts
of the driven rollers 24. As a preferable scheme, the pre-tensioning force of
the spring
26 is 150-250KN, one end of the spring 26 is fixed to the rack 21 through a
screw 27,
and in the present embodiment, an inner diameter of the spring 26 is 12-24mm,
a
diameter of the screw 27 is 14-22mm, one end of the spring 26 is fit over the
screw 27.
The other end of the spring 26 may also be fixed to the shaft of the driven
roller 24
through the screw 27.
Since it is not possible to guarantee that the thickness of the herbage fiber
materials is
completely consistent, when thin parts pass the grinding space, the driven
roller is in a
lower position under the pre-tensioning force of the spring 26 to grind the
herbage
fiber materials. When thick parts pass the grinding space, under a reacting
force of the
herbage fiber materials, the driven roller 24 overcomes the pre-tensioning
force of the
spring 26 to rise to a certain degree along the slideway, and on the premise
of
guaranteeing an effect of grinding, allows the thick parts to pass the
grinding space.
The separation device 3 includes a hollowed-out conveyor belt 31, a vibration
drive
device 32 for driving the hollowed-out conveyor belt 31 to vibrate, and a
blower for
blowing away the crushed scraps of the epidermis (not shown in the Figure).
The
vibration drive device 32 may adopt a crank link structure driven by an
electric motor,
drive the hollowed-out conveyor belt 31 to perform high-speed short linear
reciprocating motion, so as to form vibration. When the herbage fiber
materials pass
on the hollowed-out conveyor belt 31, a part of the crushed scraps of the
epidermis
fall through the hollowed-out parts under the vibration, a part of the crushed
scraps of
the epidermis are blown away by the blower.
The dust collection device 4 includes a housing 41 which covers at least the
grinding
device 2 and the separation device 3, a dust collection tube which
communicates with
an interior of the housing 41, a filter (not shown in the Figure)which is
provided on
the dust collection tube and an exhaust fan (not shown in the Figure)which
causes a
negative pressure to be formed within the housing 41 and the dust collection
tube. The
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crushed scraps of the epidermis and dust are covered within the housing 41,
and under
the action of the negative pressure, enter the dust collection tube, pass the
filter and
are exhausted, will not pollute the environment. Preferably, the filter may be
set in
multiple stages, e.g. in a position close to the housing 41, a filter of a
large aperture
may be set, to prevent large scraps, and in a position remote from the housing
41, a
filter of a small aperture may be set, to filter out dust.
The dust collection device 4 includes a first dust collection tube 42 which
communicates with a top of the housing 41 and a second dust collection tube 43
which communicates with a bottom of the housing 41, a position in which the
housing
41 communicates with the first dust collection tube 42 has a reverse funnel
shape, a
position in which the housing 41 communicates with the second dust collection
tube
43 has a funnel shape. Such a shape of the housing 41 is more advantageous for
the
scraps and dust to enter the dust collection tubes. It is also possible to
directly design
a bottom wall of the housing 41 to has a large funnel shape, so that a part of
the scraps
and dust are collected along the inclined wall according to their own weights.
In a position close to the position where the feeding device 1 and the
grinding device
2 connect, the housing 41 of the dust collection device 4 is provided with a
material
inlet 44 which allows the herbage fiber materials to pass, and in a position
close to
one end of the separation device 3 which is remote from the grinding device 2,
the
housing 41 of the dust collection device 4 is provided with a material outlet
45 which
allows the herbage fiber materials to pass.
As a preferable scheme, the grinding device 2 includes four pairs of grinding
rollers,
wherein the grinding rollers which are located at two ends are straight tooth
rollers,
two pairs of grinding rollers which are located in the middle are curved tooth
rollers.
The straight tooth rollers provide larger grinding forces, crush the
epidermis, and the
curved tooth rollers, on the one hand. crush and loosen the epidermis and
cause it to
be separated from the bast fibers, on the other hand, comb the bast fibers. Of
course,
in other embodiments, it is also possible to adopt 2 or 3 or 5 pairs of
grinding rollers.
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As a preferable scheme, a distance between the meshing plane of the driving
roller 22
and the meshing plane of the driven roller 24 is 2-10mm, the distance is a
static
distance, i.e., a distance between them when no herbage fiber materials pass.
Sizes in
a direction of the shaft of the meshing plane of the driving roller 22 and the
meshing
plane of the driven roller 24 are the same and are both 400-1000mm, which
guarantees that the herbage fiber materials that pass the grinding device 2
are all
ground.
The present invention also provides a herbage fiber material normalization
arrangement method. which comprises the following steps:
(I) feeding herbage fiber materials to a guide barrel of a grinding device
through a
feeding device, and after passing the guide barrel, the herbage fiber
materials being
preliminarily arranged into a fodder curtain which has width and thickness
normalized
to be consistent;
(2) causing the herbage fiber materials which are arranged into the fodder
curtain to,
in order, pass straight tooth rollers to be distributed evenly and compacted,
pass
left-hand curved tooth rollers to be torn in a left direction, pass right-hand
curved
tooth rollers to be torn in a right direction, and pass straight tooth rollers
to be
stretched to be straight;
(3) conveying the herbage fiber materials which pass the rollers to a
vibratable
separation device, to cause crushed scraps of the epidermis to be separated
from the
herbage fibers;
the above mentioned respective steps being all done within a housing of a dust
collection device, and while executing the above mentioned steps, the crushed
scraps
of the epidermis and dust within the housing entering a filter under the
action of a
negative pressure.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention,
are not used to limit the present invention, a protection scope of the present
invention
is defined by claims. Various modifications or equivalent substitutions to the
present
CA 03063193 2019-11-11
invention made by those skilled in the art within the substance and the
protection
scope of the present invention also fall within the protection scope of the
present
invention.
II
