Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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DURABLE THERMOREGULATING TEXTILE STRUCTURES AND METHODS OF
MANUFACTURE
Related Applications
[0001]
This non-provisional application claims priority of U.S. Provisional Patent
Application
No. 62/538,299, filed July 28, 2017 and titled "Durable Thermoregulating
Textile Structures and
Methods of Manufacture," the disclosures of which is incorporated herein by
reference in its
entirety.
Technical Field
[0002]
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to textile structures and their
methods of
manufacture thereof. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to
textile structures for use
in the hospitality industry.
Background
[0003]
Comfort is a pleasant state of psychological, physiological and physical
harmony
between the human being and the environment. The processes involved in human
comfort are
physical, thermophysiological, neuro-physiological and psychological. Thermo-
physiological
comfort is associated with the thermal balance of the human body, which
strives to maintain a
constant body core temperature of about 37 C and a rise or fall of ¨ 5 C can
be fatal. Hypothermia
and hyperthermia may result, respectively, due to the deficiency or excess of
heat in the body,
which is considered to be a significant factor in limiting work performance.
[0004]
In a regular atmospheric condition and during normal activity levels, the heat
produced
by the metabolism is liberated to the atmosphere by conduction, convection and
radiation and the
body perspires in vapor form to maintain the body temperature. However, at
higher activity levels
and/or at higher atmospheric temperatures, the production of heat is very high
and for the heat
transmission from the skin to the atmosphere to decrease, the sweat glands are
activated to produce
liquid perspiration as well. The vapor form of perspiration is known as
insensible perspiration and
the liquid form as sensible perspiration. When the perspiration is transferred
to the atmosphere, it
carries heat (latent as well as sensible) thus reducing the body temperature.
Therefore, any textile
structure that comes in contact with the human body should allow the
perspiration to pass through,
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otherwise it will result in discomfort. The perception of discomfort in the
active case depends on
the degree of skin wetness. During sweating, if the clothing moisture transfer
rate is slow, the
relative and absolute humidity levels of the clothing microclimate will
increase, suppressing the
evaporation of sweat. This may increase body temperatures, resulting in heat
stress.
[0005] It is also important to reduce the degradation of thermal insulation
caused by moisture
build-up. If the ratio of evaporated sweat and produced sweat is very low,
moisture will be
accumulated in the inner layer of the textile structure, thus reducing the
thermal insulation and
causing unwanted loss in body heat. Therefore, both in hot and cold weather
and during normal
and high activity levels, moisture transmission through fabrics plays a major
role in maintaining
the wearer's body at comfort. Hence, a clear understanding of the role of
moisture transmission
through textile structures in relation to body comfort is essential for
designing high performance
textile structures for specific applications.
SUMMARY
[0006] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to textile structures
and their methods of
manufacture thereof. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to
textile structures for use
in the hospitality industry.
[0007] Accordingly, one example embodiment is a textile structure including
one or more
layers of warp yarns interwoven with one or more layers of weft yarns, and a
durable
thermoregulating coating. The durable thermoregulating coating may include at
least one of an
adaptive agent, a cleaning agent, a fabric softener, an antistatic agent, and
citric acid. The
thermoregulating coating may include about 30-50 gram per liter of Adaptive AC-
03, and about
1-10 gram per liter of Clean DEC, both supplied by HeiQ in Switzerland. The
textile structure may
further include a binder that may be selected from the group consisting of
latex, elastomeric,
acrylic binders, vinyl acrylic binders, vinyl acetate binders, styrene
containing binders, butyl
containing binders, starch binders, polyurethane binders, and polyvinylalcohol
containing binders.
The warp yarns have a warp density of about 100 to 120 epi, and may have a
maximum linear
mass density of at least about 75 denier with multiples of about 72 filaments
per yarn. The weft
yarns have a weft density of about 65 to 80 ppi, and may have a minimum linear
mass density of
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at least about 150 denier with multiples of about 72 filaments per yarn. The
number of filaments,
however, is always more than the denier of each weft yarn.
[0008] Another example embodiment is a method for manufacturing a textile
structure. The
method includes weaving one or more layers of warp yarns with one or more
layers or weft yarns
to form a woven textile structure, and applying a durable thermoregulating
coating to at least a
portion of the textile structure. The method may also include brushing the
textile structure at least
two times, prior to applying the thermoregulating coating, to create a fuzzy
and softer feel.
Brushing increases the surface area for better absorption and adhesion of the
thermoregulating
coating on the fabric. The method may also include heat setting and curing the
textile structure to
fix the durable thermoregulating coating permanently onto the textile
structure. The durable
thermoregulating coating may include at least one of an adaptive agent, a
cleaning agent, a fabric
softener, an antistatic agent, and citric acid. The thermoregulating coating
may include about 30-
50 gram per liter of Adaptive AC-03, and about 1-10 gram per liter of Clean
DEC, both supplied
by HeiQ in Switzerland. The textile structure may further include a binder
that may be selected
from the group consisting of latex, elastomeric, acrylic binders, vinyl
acrylic binders, vinyl acetate
binders, styrene containing binders, butyl containing binders, starch binders,
polyurethane binders,
and polyvinylalcohol containing binders. The warp yarns have a warp density of
about 100 to 120
epi, and may have a maximum linear mass density of at least about 75 denier
with multiples of
about 72 filaments per yarn. The weft yarns have a weft density of about 65 to
80 ppi, and may
have a minimum linear mass density of at least about 150 denier with multiples
of about 72
filaments per yarn. The number of filaments, however, is always more than the
denier of each weft
yarn.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] The foregoing aspects, features, and advantages of embodiments of
the present
disclosure will further be appreciated when considered with reference to the
following description
of embodiments and accompanying drawings. In describing embodiments of the
disclosure
illustrated in the appended drawings, specific terminology will be used for
the sake of clarity.
However, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific terms
used, and it is to be
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understood that each specific term includes equivalents that operate in a
similar manner to
accomplish a similar purpose.
[00010] For simplicity and clarity of illustration, the drawing figures
illustrate the general
manner of construction, and descriptions and details of well-known features
and techniques may
be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the discussion of the described
embodiments of the
invention. Additionally, elements in the drawing figures are not necessarily
drawn to scale. For
example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be
exaggerated relative to
other elements to help improve understanding of embodiments of the present
invention. Like
reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the specification.
[00011] FIG. 1 illustrates example steps in a method for manufacturing a
textile structure,
according to one or more example embodiments.
[00012] FIG. 2 illustrates the adaptive nature of the durable thermoregulating
textile structure,
according to one or more example embodiments.
[00013] FIGS. 3A-3C illustrate how quickly the heat dissipates in the durable
thermoregulating
textile structure, according to one or more example embodiments.
[00014] FIGS. 4A-4B illustrate how coolness may be equalized in the durable
thermoregulating
textile structure, according to one or more example embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[00015] Example embodiments relate to a woven polyester structure that
dynamically responds
to body temperature to keep one cool when they feel hot and keeps them warm
when they feel
cold. The thermoregulating aspect of the disclosure may be used in bedding
products such as flat
sheets, fitted sheets, pillowcases, pillow protectors, shells of pillows,
shells of comforters, etc.
[00016] Turning now to the figures, FIG. 1 illustrates example steps in a
method 100 for
manufacturing a textile structure, according to one or more example
embodiments. The method
100 includes weaving one or more layers of warp yarns with one or more layers
or weft yarns to
form a woven textile structure, at step 102. The warp yarns can have a warp
density of about 100
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to 120 epi, and may have a maximum linear mass density of at least about 75
denier with multiples
of about 72 filaments per yarn. The weft yarns can have a weft density of
about 65 to 80 ppi, and
may have a minimum linear mass density of at least about 150 denier with
multiples of about 72
filaments per yarn. The number of filaments, however, is always more than the
denier of each weft
yarn. Both warp and weft yarns may include yarns made of a polymeric material,
such as polyester.
While polyester is preferred, the structure may include any synthetic fiber
that may be suitable for
the purpose.
[00017] After the woven textile structure is formed, at step 104, the
structure is mechanically
brushed at least two times at room temperature. This process may be carried
out at about 30 m/min
speed to create a fuzzy and softer feel on the fabric. In the next step 106,
the fabric may be passed
through an alkali refining process where the alkali solution may include an
alkali (5-10% of fabric
weight), such as NaOH, one or more cleaning agents (1-2% of fabric weight),
hydrogen peroxide
(1-5% of fabric weight), and a chelating agent of about 0.5 gram per liter of
the solution. The
cleaning agent may include a soil release agent and/or a wetting agent. The pH
value of this
solution may be about 8-9, and with a pick-up of about 90-100% the fabric is
run through this
solution at about 100 m/min at an elevated temperature of about 130 C. After
the alkali refining
step 106, the fabric is bleached, at step 108, using a bleaching solution
including a brightening
agent of about 16 gram per liter of the solution, and an alkali (about 1% of
fabric weight), such as
NaOH. The pH value of this solution may be about 8-9, and with a pick-up of
about 90-100% the
fabric is run through this solution at about 100 m/min at an elevated
temperature of about 130 C.
After the fabric is bleached, it enters a washing zone, at step 110, where a
steamer at 70-80 C
temperature steams the fabric with a solution having a pH of about 7-7.5. The
fabric may be run
through this section at about a reduced speed of 40 m/min.
[00018] The method further includes, at step 114, applying a durable
thermoregulating coating
to at least a portion of the textile structure. The durable thermoregulating
coating may include one
or more polymers mixed in an aqueous solution. For example, the durable
thermoregulating
coating may include an adaptive agent (HeiQ Ac-03) in the amount of 30-50 gram
per liter of the
solution, a cleaning agent (HeiQ Clean DEC) in the amount of 1-10 gram per
liter, a fabric softener
of about 5 gram per liter, an antistatic agent of about 5 gram per liter, and
a citric acid of about
0.05 gram per liter. The adaptive agent may include, among other things, 0.5-
1% triisobutyl
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phosphate, and 0.2-0.5% ethoxylated and propoxylated alcohols. The cleaning
agent may include
a soil release agent and/or a wetting agent. The cleaning agent may include,
among other things,
30-50% isotrideceth 12, 10-15% 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol, 2-3% N-(2-
Ethylhexyl)isononan-1-
amide, and 1-2% Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediy1), a -butyl- w -hydroxy. The solution
may have a pH of
about 5-7, and the fabric may be run through this solution at a speed of about
60 m/min at an
elevated temperature of 190-200 C.
[00019] The method may optionally include, at step 112, applying a binder
prior to application
of the durable thermoregulating coating. The binder may be selected from the
group consisting of
latex, elastomeric, acrylic binders, vinyl acrylic binders, vinyl acetate
binders, styrene containing
binders, butyl containing binders, starch binders, polyurethane binders, and
polyvinylalcohol
containing binders. The method may also include, at step 116, heat setting and
curing the textile
structure to fix the durable thermoregulating coating permanently onto the
textile structure. After
the fabric goes through the heat setting and the finishing process, the fabric
may be vacuum cleaned
at a speed of about 30-40 m/min, at step 118. The resulting fabric can be cut
and sewn to form,
among other things, a sheeting fabric for use in the hospitality industry.
However, the
thermoregulating aspect of the disclosure may be also used in other bedding
products such as flat
sheets, fitted sheets, pillowcases, pillow protectors, shells of pillows,
shells of comforters, etc.
[00020] Accordingly, one example embodiment is a woven polyester structure
that dynamically
responds to body temperature to keep one cool when they feel hot and keeps
them warm when
they feel cold. The durable thermoregulating textile structure may be produced
by weaving
polyester microfilaments in an optimized ratio in warp and weft directions.
Adaptive AC-03, a
chemical from Swiss supplier HeiQ, may be used for finishing such a woven
structure. It shows
opposite, "non-Newtonian" behavior. The structure has high moisture affinity
at low temperatures
(moisture capture) and low moisture affinity at high temperatures (moisture
release).
[00021] Durable thermoregulating textile structures according to example
embodiments
disclosed can withstand at least 100 commercial washes. A strong binder that
molecularly bonds
the polyester filaments to the AC-03 chemical may be used. The binder may be
colorless and may
not make the hand of the fabric stiff or rough.
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[00022] The durable thermoregulating fabric may be woven with polyester yarns,
which may
include filaments or multifilaments, with a warp density of about 100 to 120
epi. Each polyester
yarn may have a maximum linear mass density of at least about 75 denier with
multiples of about
72 filaments per yarn. The durable thermoregulating fabric may also include
polyester yarns,
which may include filaments or multifilaments, in the weft direction. The weft
density of the textile
structure may be anywhere from about 65 to 80 ppi. Each polyester yarn may
have a minimum
linear mass density of at least about 150 denier with multiples of about 72
filaments per yarn. The
number of filaments, however, is always more than the denier of each weft
yarn. Warp and weft
yarns may be interwoven in any known pattern, including but not limited to
plain, twill, satin, and
sateen. The woven textile structure may be brushed, using for example a
mechanical process
similar to napping, to create a fuzzy and softer feel. This process also
minimizes the undesirable
sheen inherent to most synthetic fibers.
[00023] After the fabric is padded through a solution of binder, the fabric
may be run through
the AC- 03 solution. The binder may include any binder including but not
limited to latex,
elastomeric, and acrylic binders. Acrylic binders, vinyl acrylic binders,
vinyl acetate binders,
styrene containing binders, butyl containing binders, starch binders,
polyurethane binders, and
polyvinylalcohol containing binders are examples of binders that find utility
in coating and
finishing the fabric. Then the fabric is heat set and cured to fix the
chemical permanently onto the
fabric. The resultant polyester fabric is now a durable thermoregulating
fabric.
[00024] FIG. 2 illustrates the adaptive nature of the durable thermoregulating
textile structure
202, according to one or more example embodiments. As illustrated in the
figure, the
thermoregulating coating becomes liquid with decrease in temperature (204),
and becomes solid
with increase in temperature (206). A fabric or textile structure 202 treated
with this durable
thermoregulating coating absorbs water vapor and swells at lower temperatures,
thereby giving a
warming effect to the body, and releases water vapor and collapses at higher
temperatures, thereby
giving a cooling effect to the body. FIGS. 3A-3C, which are thermographic
images of a sheeting
fabric with the durable thermoregulating coating, illustrate how quickly the
heat dissipates in the
durable thermoregulating textile structure, according to one or more example
embodiments. In
these figures, the left hand rests on a control (untreated) fabric while the
right hand rests on a fabric
that is treated with the thermoregulating coating. It can be noticed here that
as time passes, the
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right side cools faster than the left (untreated fabric) due to faster
dissipation of heat in treated
fabric. The images shown in FIG. 3A-3C are taken at 1 min intervals, and it
can be seen here that
the center of the palms, which is at about 90 F, cools down to about 80 F
within a span of about
2 mins on the thermoregulating side.
[00025] FIGS. 4A-4B illustrate how coolness may be equalized in the durable
thermoregulating
textile structure, according to one or more example embodiments. The images
shown in FIG. 4A-
4B are taken at 1 min intervals, and it can be seen here that the center of
the impression, which is
at about 70 F, cools down to about 65 F within a span of about 1 min on the
thermoregulating
side. Here, two equally cold metal objects were placed on the left (control)
and right side (treated).
It can be noticed here that the dissipation of cold is faster in the
thermoregulating fabric when
compared to untreated fabric.
[00026] Evaluation of the Textile Structure
[00027] Two fabric types were tested by the Textile Protection and Comfort
Center (T-PACC)
in the College of Textiles at North Carolina State University. An advanced
sweating manikin
system and thermal imaging camera were used to evaluate and compare the
response of the two
fabric types. Test samples were tested at the TPACC testing facility. A
mattress was covered with
two sheets split vertically down the middle and tested with the sweating
thermal manikin system.
Fabric types were identified as Control (untreated fabric) and Phasology
(fabric treated with
durable thermoregulating coating), respectively. No clothing was worn during
testing. A comforter
was used during testing. The comforter consisted of 95% white duck feathers /
5% white duck
down in a 100% polyester cover. The weight of the comforter was about 16.3
oz/yd2. The mattress
cover was tested on a twin mattress in the test chamber.
[00028] The sweating manikin system is a "Newton" type instrument designed to
evaluate heat
and moisture management properties of clothing systems. This instrument
simulates heat and
sweat production making it possible to assess the influence of clothing on the
thermal comfort
process for a given environment. Simultaneous heat and moisture transport
through the clothing
system, and variations in these properties over different parts of the body
can be quantified.
[00029] The manikin consists of several features designed to work together to
evaluate clothing
comfort and/or heat stress. Housed in a climate-controlled chamber, the
manikin surface is divided
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into 34 separate sections, each of which has its own sweating, heating, and
temperature measuring
system. With the exception of a small portion of the face, the whole manikin
surface can
continuously sweat.
[00030] Using a pump, preheated water is supplied from a reservoir located
outside of the
environmental chamber. An internal sweat control system distributes moisture
to 139 "sweat
glands" distributed across the surface of the manikin. Water supplied to the
simulated sweat glands
is controlled by operator entry of the desired sweat rate. Each sweat gland is
individually calibrated
and the calibration values are used by the control software to maintain the
sweat rate of each body
section. Water exuding from each simulated sweat gland is absorbed by a custom
made body suit.
This specialty designed suit acts as the manikin's 'skin' during sweating
tests. It is form-fitted to
the manikin to eliminate air gaps and provides wicking action to evenly
distribute moisture across
the entire manikin surface.
[00031] Continuous temperature control for the 34 body segments is
accomplished by a process
control unit that uses analog signal inputs from separate Resistance
Temperature Detectors
(RTDs). These evenly distributed RTDs are used instead of point sensors
because they provide
temperature measurements in a manner such that all areas are equally weighted.
Distributed over
an entire section, each RTD is embedded just below the surface and provides an
average
temperature for each section. Software establishes any discrepancy between
temperature set point
and the input signal, and adjusts power to section heaters as needed.
Temperature controls are
adjustable, by the operator, for each heater control.
[00032] The Newton sweating manikin system combined with ManikinPC2 control
system
allows the manikin to simulate human metabolism and thermoregulation while
performing a
variety of activities. The software and manikin interact in real-time setting
imitating the transient
behavior of the human body and allowing for the most accurate predictions of
human physiological
responses that can be achieved without actual human trials. The ManikinPC2
model control system
is used to predict human physiological response including average skin
temperature, final
temperature of each manikin section, predicted core body temperature, as well
as other parameters.
[00033] The FLIR A325 Infrared Camera is used to record thermographic images
with
temperature measurement. These non-contact temperature measurements allow for
surface
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temperature evaluation of test items without interfering with the test
operation. ThermoVision
ExaminIR Analysis Software is used to read and analyze thermal images.
[00034] The purpose of this test was to evaluate the effectiveness of
Phasology treatment on
sheeting fabric compared to an untreated control fabric. The response of the
fabric was assessed
by use of a thermal imaging camera and manikin measurements. The two fabric
types were taped
into a single split-fabric mattress cover. Simultaneous evaluation of the two
fabric types was
accomplished by having the split-fabric mattress cover design that the manikin
could be equally
exposed to each side. The excess fabric was folded over top the manikin and
taped at the seam.
The manikin was dressed in the typical sweating skin material to assist with
sweat wicking and
spreading as well as a water vapor permeable/liquid water impermeable suit to
limit the amount of
liquid water pooling into the mattress. Test protocols were determined that
used physiological
model control of the manikin in which the manikin responded to the test
environment and
simulated sleeping condition based on a human thermoregulation model. The test
environment was
relatively mild. The mattress was tested once (Control right side / Phasology
left side) per Test
Protocol 1 (See Table 2). Table 1 shows the testing conditions / parameters
used.
[00035] Table 1. Testing Parameters
Parameter Value
Position/Movement Horizontal on mattress/static
Sweat Rate Varying based on physiological
model control
Manikin Mode Physiological Model Control
Skin Temperature Model predicted
Heat Flux Model dependent: metabolic rate =
0.95 MET
Chamber Temperature 24 C
Chamber Humidity 50%
Airflow 0.4 m/s
Test Articles Split Treated/Untreated Sheet
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[00036] Table 2. Test Protocol Test Protocol
[00037] 1. Lay manikin on bed on top of sheeting fabric
[00038] 2. Place comforter on manikin and add compression with weights to
simulate human
weight (-150 lbs.)
[00039] 3. Start model control
[00040] 4. Run manikin 3 hours in physiological model control mode
[00041] 5. Remove weight and comforter from manikin
[00042] 6. Record IR image of manikin immediately after testing is complete
[00043] 7. Lift manikin off bed
[00044] 8. Record IR image of sheeting fabric immediately after manikin is
lifted off bed
[00045] 9. Record IR image every 30 sec for 10 minutes
[00046] 10. End Test
[00047] Table 3 shows the average surface temperature and change in surface
temperature from
the defined Region of Interest (ROI). AT is defined as (T - Ti) and Time 0 is
the time immediately
after removing the manikin from the mattress.
[00048] Table 3. Average Surface Temperatures for mattress ROIs
Control Phasology Control Phasology
Time T ( C) T ( C) AT ( C) AT ( C)
0 26.9 27.8 0.0 0.0
23.4 22.9 -3.4 -4.8
23.1 22.3 -3.8 -5.4
[00049] Moisture Management Test (MMT)
[00050] The fabric was conditioned and tests were performed in the standard
atmosphere
laboratory condition of 70 + 3 F (21 C), 65 + 5% RH. The MMT is a system that
can measure
liquid transport properties of fabrics. A specific volume of electrically
conductive fluid is injected
onto the fabric surface at a controlled rate, and a series of conductive,
copper rings monitor the
movement of this fluid. The conductivity of the sample continuously changes as
the fluid moves
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throughout the sample, and this data is recorded in order to determine the
moisture management
properties of the sample.
[00051] For the purpose of this test, the side of the fabric that contacts the
skin is referred to as
the "top surface," and the other side is referred to as the "bottom surface."
The reported
measurements include:
[00052] Wetting Time (s): WTT (top surface) and WTB (bottom surface) ¨ period
in which the
top and bottom surfaces just start to get wetted
[00053] Absorption Rate (%/s): ART (top surface) and ARB (bottom surface) ¨
the average
moisture absorption ability of the top and bottom surfaces
[00054] Maximum Wetted Radius (mm): MWRT (top surface) and MWRB (bottom
surface) ¨
the maximum wetted ring radius at the top and bottom surface
[00055] Spreading Speed (mm/s): SST (top surface) and SSB (bottom surface) ¨
the
accumulative spreading speed from the center to the maximum wetted radius
[00056] The reported parameters calculated from the above measurements
include:
[00057] One-way Transport Capability (%): R ¨ the difference of the
accumulative moisture
content between the two surfaces of the fabric.
[00058] Overall Moisture Management Capacity: OMMC ¨ an index to measure the
overall
capability of the fabric to manage the transport of liquid moisture based on
three aspects of
performance.
[00059] The results of these tests are summarized below (Table 4). Individual
metrics were
evaluated as well as two indices that quantify the moisture management
properties of fabric, (One-
way Transport Capability, and Overall Moisture Management Capacity). A higher
value for either
of these indices indicates a greater capability to effectively transport
liquids. The results illustrate
that even after 100 wash cycles, the overall moisture management capacity of
the fabric is virtually
unchanged.
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Table 4: Wettin Wetting Absorpt Absorpt Max
Max Spreadi Spreadi Overall
Moisture g Time Time - ion ion Wetted Wetted ng
ng Moisture
Managem - Top Bottom Rate - Rate - Radius Radius
Speed - Speed - Management
ent (sec) (sec) Top Bottom - Top -
Top Bottom Capacity
Summary (%/sec) (%/sec) (mm) Bottom (mm/se (mm/se
Sample (mm) c) c)
Unwashed 2.4 2.5 68.2 70.0 30.0 30.0 7.3 7.1 0.5
(P=0)
100x 2.5 2.6 53.4 60.8 30.0 30.0 7.3 7.2 0.6
Washed
(P=100)
[00060] A grading table is provided by SDL Atlas, manufacturers of the MMT
device. These
data, obtained under controlled laboratory conditions, characterize the
moisture management
properties of test sample responses in laboratory conditions.
-....._,_ ------ , -------------------
------ Grade
1 9. ,
1 4 5
Index
--.-----120 20-119 5-19 3-5 <3
Top
etting NO Wettn W w _ Slow Medium
Fast. Very Fast
, .
Time (see) 5=-190 20-119 5-19 3-5 <3
Bottom .
.............................. .No 'Wetting Slow Medium Fast
Very Fast
0-10 .10-30 .30-50 50-100 >100
Absorption Top
Very Slow Slow Medium Fast Very Fast
Rate ¨ -----------
0-40 10-30 30-50 50-100 >100
(%Isce) Bottom
'Very Slow Slow Medium Fast 'Very Fast
Max. 0-7 7-12 12-17 17-22 .''',
2" A
..,4
TOP
-Wetted No Wetting Small Medium Fast
Very Fast
R.adius 0-7 7--12 12-17 17-22 >2.2
Bottom
(nun) NO Wetting Small -- Medium Fast *Very Fast
-, --
0-1 1-1 3-4 >4
Spreading 'Top
Very Slow Slow Medium Fast Very Fast
Speed ,
0-1 1-2 2- -3 .3-4 >4
(mmssee) Bottom
-- very Skiw Slow Medium Fast Very Fast
------------------------------------------------------------- Ofi-0.8 >0.8
OMMC
Very Poor Poor , Good Very Good Excellent ,
[0001] Accordingly, one example embodiment is a textile structure including
one or more
layers of warp yarns interwoven with one or more layers of weft yarns, and a
durable
thermoregulating coating. The durable thermoregulating coating may include at
least one of an
adaptive agent, a cleaning agent, a fabric softener, an antistatic agent, and
citric acid. The cleaning
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agent may include a soil release agent and/or a wetting agent. The
thermoregulating coating may
include about 30-50 gram per liter of Adaptive AC-03, and about 1-10 gram per
liter of Clean
DEC, both supplied by HeiQ in Switzerland. The textile structure may further
include a binder that
may be selected from the group consisting of latex, elastomeric, acrylic
binders, vinyl acrylic
binders, vinyl acetate binders, styrene containing binders, butyl containing
binders, starch binders,
polyurethane binders, and polyvinylalcohol containing binders. The warp yarns
have a warp
density of about 100 to 120 epi, and may have a maximum linear mass density of
at least about 75
denier with multiples of about 72 filaments per yarn. The weft yarns have a
weft density of about
65 to 80 ppi, and may have a minimum linear mass density of at least about 150
denier with
multiples of about 72 filaments per yarn. The number of filaments, however, is
always more than
the denier of each weft yarn.
[0002] Another example embodiment is a method for manufacturing a textile
structure. The
method includes weaving one or more layers of warp yarns with one or more
layers or weft yarns
to form a woven textile structure, and applying a durable thermoregulating
coating to at least a
portion of the textile structure. The method may also include brushing the
textile structure at least
two times, prior to applying the thermoregulating coating, to create a fuzzy
and softer feel.
Brushing increases the surface area for better absorption and adhesion of the
thermoregulating
coating on the fabric. The method may also include heat setting and curing the
textile structure to
fix the durable thermoregulating coating permanently onto the textile
structure. The durable
thermoregulating coating may include at least one of an adaptive agent, a
cleaning agent, a fabric
softener, an antistatic agent, and citric acid. The thermoregulating coating
may include about 30-
50 gram per liter of Adaptive AC-03, and about 1-10 gram per liter of Clean
DEC, both supplied
by HeiQ in Switzerland. The textile structure may further include a binder
that may be selected
from the group consisting of latex, elastomeric, acrylic binders, vinyl
acrylic binders, vinyl acetate
binders, styrene containing binders, butyl containing binders, starch binders,
polyurethane binders,
and polyvinylalcohol containing binders. The warp yarns have a warp density of
about 100 to 120
epi, and may have a maximum linear mass density of at least about 75 denier
with multiples of
about 72 filaments per yarn. The weft yarns have a weft density of about 65 to
80 ppi, and may
have a minimum linear mass density of at least about 150 denier with multiples
of about 72
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filaments per yarn. The number of filaments, however, is always more than the
denier of each weft
yarn.
[0003] The Specification, which includes the Summary, Brief Description of the
Drawings and
the Detailed Description, and the appended Claims refer to particular features
(including process
or method steps) of the disclosure. Those of skill in the art understand that
the invention includes
all possible combinations and uses of particular features described in the
Specification. Those of
skill in the art understand that the disclosure is not limited to or by the
description of embodiments
given in the Specification.
[0004] Those of skill in the art also understand that the terminology used
for describing
particular embodiments does not limit the scope or breadth of the disclosure.
In interpreting the
Specification and appended Claims, all terms should be interpreted in the
broadest possible manner
consistent with the context of each term. All technical and scientific terms
used in the
Specification and appended Claims have the same meaning as commonly understood
by one of
ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs unless defined
otherwise.
[0005] As used in the Specification and appended Claims, the singular forms
"a," "an," and
"the" include plural references unless the context clearly indicates
otherwise. The verb
"comprises" and its conjugated forms should be interpreted as referring to
elements, components
or steps in a non-exclusive manner. The referenced elements, components or
steps may be present,
utilized or combined with other elements, components or steps not expressly
referenced.
[0006] Conditional language, such as, among others, "can," "could,"
"might," or "may," unless
specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as
used, is generally
intended to convey that certain implementations could include, while other
implementations do
not include, certain features, elements, and/or operations. Thus, such
conditional language
generally is not intended to imply that features, elements, and/or operations
are in any way required
for one or more implementations or that one or more implementations
necessarily include logic
for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whether these features,
elements, and/or
operations are included or are to be performed in any particular
implementation.
[0007] The textile structures and methods described herein, therefore, are
well adapted to carry
out the objects and attain the ends and advantages mentioned, as well as
others inherent therein.
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While example embodiments of the textile structure and method have been given
for purposes of
disclosure, numerous changes exist in the details of procedures for
accomplishing the desired
results. These and other similar modifications may readily suggest themselves
to those skilled in
the art, and are intended to be encompassed within the spirit of the textile
structure and method
disclosed herein and the scope of the appended claims.
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