Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING
ACCESS TO WIRELESS GAMING DEVICES
Field of the Invention
10001] The present invention relates generally to the field of gaming and,
more
particularly, to a gaming system and method incorporating a wireless network
and
systems and methods for providing access thereto.
Background of the Invention
100021 Virtual casinos are accessible via communications networks such as the
Internet. For example, on-line casinos present a graphical representation of
games,
such as casino games, to a user on the screen of a computer in communication
with
the Internet. The user may place wagers, participate in the gaming, and win or
lose
money. Receipt of winnings, or payment of losses is typically handled through
a
credit account.
100031 Participants may use gaming devices, some of which may be wireless, to
access such on-line casinos. However, security of wireless gaming devices
(e.g.,
bandhelds such as the BlackberryTM handheld device) may be sub-optimal as it
is
typically accomplished through soft checks. For example, a user may be merely
asked to enter a valid user name and associated password to provided access to
a
particular gaming device.
100041 It would therefore be desirable to provide mechanisms that better
guarantee secure access to wireless gaming devices and gaming systems.
Summary of the Invention
100051 Therefore, it is an object of the invention to provide mechanisms that
better guarantee secure access to wireless gaming devices and gaming systems.
100101 This and other objects are accomplished in accordance with the
principles
of the invention by providing gaming networks with one or more levels of
security
checks, such as a hard security check, instead of, or in addition to, a soft
security
check before access to a gaming device is granted. In a hard security check,
the
user employs an apparatus such as a card or other physical token that can be
used
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to access the gaming device. Such an apparatus may communicate information
that identifies the user to the device or may be used to produce a signal
without
which the device is locked.
[NM In some embodiments of the present invention, a device capable
of
detecting or reproducing a signal from an apparatus is provided. Access to the
device is provided when the signal is detected. Alternatively or additionally,
the
signal may include identifying information that needs to be verified in order
to
provide access to the device. The apparatus may include a medium for storing
identifying information as well as an emitter for communicating the
identifying
information to the device such that access to the device is provided when the
identifying information is associated with a user that is authorized to
operate the
device.
Brief Description Of The Drawings
[00061 For a more complete understanding of the present invention and for
further features and advantages, reference is now made to the following
description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[00071 FIG. 1 illustrates a convenience gaming system according to certain
embodiments of the present invention;
100081 FIG. 2 illustrates a convenience gaming system with a wireless network
according to certain embodiments of the present invention;
[0009] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a convenience gaming system illustrating
various gaming activities in accordance with ceitain embodiments of the
present
invention;
[00101 FIG. 4 illustrates a convenience gaming system showing coverage areas
in accordance with certain embodiments of the present invention;
[00111 FIG. 5 illustrates a convenience gaming system with a wireless network
showing triangulation location determination in accordance with certain
embodiments of the present invention;
10012] FIG. 6 is a flow chart depicting steps in a convenience gaming method
according to certain embodiments of the present invention;
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100131 FIG. 7 depicts a convenience gaming system showing a communication
path in accordance with certain embodiments of the present invention;
100141 FIG. 8 illustrates a ship-based convenience gaming system in accordance
with certain embodiments of the present invention;
[00151 FIG. 9 illustrates a convenience gaming device and apparatus for use in
accordance with certain embodiments of the present invention; .
100161 FIG. 10 illustrates a convenience gaming device and apparatus in
accordance with certain embodiments of the present invention; and
100171 FIG. 11 illustrates another convenience gaming device in accordance
with
certain embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description Of the Invention
[0018] A convenience gaming system enables participants to engage in gaming
activities from remote and/or mobile locations. The possible gaming activities
include gambling, such as that provided by casinos. Gambling activities may
include any casino-type gambling activities including, but not limited to,
slot
machines, video poker, table games (e.g., craps, roulette, blackjack, pai gow
poker,
Caribbean stud poker, baccarat, etc), the wheel of fortune game, keno, sports
betting, horse racing, dog racing, jai alai, and other gambling activities.
The
gaming activities can also include wagering on any type of event. Events can
include, for example, sporting events, such as horse or auto racing, and
athletic
competitions such as football, basketball, baseball, golf, etc. Events can
also
include such things that do not normally involve wagering. Such events may
include, without limitation, political elections, entertainment industry
awards, and
box office performance of movies. Gaming can also include non-wagering games
and events. Gaming can also include lotteries or lottery-type activities such
as
state and interstate lotteries. These can include all forms of number-
selection
lotteries, "scratch-off' lotteries, and other lottery contests. The
convenience
gaming system may be implemented over a communications network such as a
cellular network or a private wireless and/or wireline network. Examples of
the
latter include WiFi and WiMax networks. In some embodiments, the convenience
gaming system communications network is entirely independent of the Internet.
In
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Date Recue/Date Received 2020-05-12
Other embodiments, the convenience gaming system operation makes minimal use
of the Internet, such that only information for which there is no security
issues is
transmitted via the Intem'et and/or information may be encrypted. Preferably,
the
communications network enables players to participate in gaming from remote
locations (e.g., outside of the gaming area of a casino). Also, the system may
enable players to be mobile during participation in the convenience gaming
activities. Preferably, the system has a location verification or
determination
feature, which is operable to permit or disallow gaming from the remote
location
depending upon whether or not the location merets one or more criteria. The
criterion may be, for example, whether the location is within a pre-defined
area in
which gaming is permitted by law.
100191 As shown n FIG. I, for example, convenience gaming system 10 includes
at least one user 12. The system may include additional users such that there
is at
least a first user 12 and a second user 14. Multiple users may access a first
convenience gaming system 10, while other multiple users access a second
convenience gaming system (not shown) in communication with first gaming
system 10. Users 12 and 14 preferably access system 10 by way of a gaming
communication device 13. Gaming communication device 13 may comprise any
suitable device for transmitting and receiving electronic communications.
Examples of such devices include, without limitation, mobile phones, PDAs,
computers, mini-computers, etc. Gaming communication devices 13 transmit and
receive gaming information to and from communications network 16. Gaming
information is also transmitted between network 16 and a computer 18, such as
a
server, which may reside within the domain of a gaming service provider 20.
The
location of computer 18 is not critical, however, and computer 18 may reside
adjacent to or remote from the domain of gaming service provider 20. Moreover,
in certain embodiments, a gaming service provider is not required. The
computer 18 and/or gaming service provider 20 may reside within, adjacent to,
or
remote from a gaming provider (not shown in FIG. 1). The gaming provider may
be an actual controller of games, such as a casino. As an example, a gaming
service provider may be located on the grounds of a casino and the computer 18
may be physically within the geographic boundaries of the gaming service
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Date Recue/Date Received 2020-05-12
provider. As discussed, however, either possibilities exist for remote
location of
the computer 18 and the gaming service provider 20. Computer 18 may function
as a gaming server. Additional computers (not expressly shown) may function as
database management computers and redundant servers, for example.
100201 Preferably, software resides on both the gaming communication device 13
and the computer 18. Software resident on gaming communication device 13 is
preferably operable to present information corresponding to gaming activities
(including gambling and non-gambling activities discussed herein) to the user.
The information includes, without limitation, graphical representations of
objects
associated with the activities, and presentation of options related to the
activities
and selectable by the user. The gaming communication device software is also
preferably operable to receive data from the computer and data input by the
user or
information communicated through another device or apparatus. Software
resident
on the computer is preferably able to exchange data with the gaming
communication device, access additional computers and data storage devices,
and =
perform all of the functions described herein as well as functions common to
known electronic gaming systems.
100211 Gaming information transmitted across network 16 may include any
information, in any format, which is necessary or desirable in the operation
of the
gaming experience in which the user participates. The information may be
transmitted in whole, or in combination, in any format including digital or
analog,
text or voice, and according to any known or future transport technologies,
which
may include, for example, wireline or wireless technologies. Wireless
technologies may include, for example, licensed or license-exempt
technologies.
Some specific technologies which may be used include, without limitation, Code
Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Global System for Mobile Communication
(GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), WiFi (802.11x), WiMax (802.16x),
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), Digital Subscriber Line (DSL),
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), or cable modem technologies. These
are examples only and one of ordinary skill will understand that other types
of
communication techniques are within the scope of the present invention.
Further,
it will be understood that additional components may be used in the
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Date Recue/Date Received 2020-05-12
communication of information between the users and the gaming server. Such
additional components may include, without limitation, lines, trunks,
antennas,
switches, cables, transmitters, receivers, computers, routers, servers, fiber
optical
transmission equipment, repeaters, amplifiers, etc.
[00221 In at least one embodiment, the communication of gaming information
may take place through the Internet or without involvement of the Internet. In
certain embodiments, a portion of the gaming information may be transmitted
over
the Internet. Also, some or all of the gaming information may be transmitted
partially over an Internet communications path. In certain embodiments, some
information is transmitted entirely or partially over the Internet, but the
information is either not gaming information or is gaming information that
does or
does not need to be maintained secretly. For instance, data that causes a
graphical
representation of a table game on the user's gaming communication device might
be transmitted at least partially over the Internet, while wagering
information
transmitted by the user might be transmitted entirely over a non-Internet
communications network. As another example, identifying information associated
with a hard check apparatus (e.g., a bracelet as discussed below) may or may
not
be transmitted from the gaming communication device to a server over the
Internet.
10023] According to some embodiments of the invention, as shown in FIG. 2 for
example, the communications network 21 comprises a cellular network 22.
Cellular network 22 comprises a plurality of base stations 23, each of which
has a
corresponding coverage area 25. Base station technology is generally known and
the base stations may be of any type found in a typical cellular network. The
base
stations may have coverage areas that overlap. Further, the coverage areas may
be
sectorized or non-sectorized. The network also includes mobile stations 24,
which
function as the gaming communication devices used by users to access the
convenience gaming system and participate in the activities available on the
convenience gaming system. Users are connected to the network of base stations
via transmission and reception of radio signals. The communications network
also
includes at least one voice/data switch 26, which is preferably connected to
the
wireless portion of the network via a dedicated, secure landline. The
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communications network also includes a gaming service provider 28, which is
likewise connected to the voice/data switch via a dedicated, secure landline.
The
voice/data switch may be connected to the wireless network of base stations
via a
mobile switching center (MSC), for example and the landline may be provided
between the voice/data switch and the MSC.
100241 Users access the convenience gaming system by way of mobile stations
which are in communication with, and thus part of, the communications network.
The mobile station may be any electronic communication device that is operable
in
connection with the network as described. For example, in this particular
embodiment, the mobile station may comprise a cellular telephone.
[0025) Preferably, in the case of a cellular network for example, the
convenience
gaming system is enabled through the use of a private label carrier network.
Each
base station is programmed by the cellular carrier to send and receive private
secure voice and/or data transmissions to and from mobile station handsets.
The
handsets are preferably preprogrammed with both gaming software and the
carrier's authentication software. The base stations communicate via Private T-
1
lines to a switch. A gaming service provider leases a private T-1 or T-3 line,
which routes the calls back to gaming servers controlled by the gaming service
provider. Encryption can be installed on the telephones if required by a
gaming
regulation authority, such as a gaming commission.
[0026] The cellular network is preferably a private, closed system. Mobile
stations communicate with base stations and base stations are connected to a
centralized switch located within a gaming jurisdiction. At the switch, voice
calls
are transported either locally or via long distance, Specific service provider
gaming traffic is transported from the central switch to a gaming server at a
host
location, which can be a casino or other location.
[0027] As subscribers launch their specific gaming application, the handset
will
only talk to certain base stations with cells or sectors that have been
engineered to
be wholly within the gaming jurisdiction. For example, if a base station is
close
enough to pick up or send a signal across state lines, it will not be able to
communicate with the device. When a customer uses the device for gaming, the
system may prohibit, if desired, the making or receiving voice calls.
Moreover,
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Date Regue/Date Received 2020-05-12
voice can be eliminated entirely if required. Further, the devices are
preferably not
allowed to "connect" to the Internet. This ensures a high level of certainty
that
bets/wagers originate and terminate within the boundaries of the gaming
jurisdiction and the "private" wireless system cannot be circumvented or
bypassed.
In certain embodiments, some data and/or voice traffic may be communicated at
least partially over the Internet. In some embodiments, certain non-gaming
information may be transported over a path which includes the Internet, while
other information relating to the gaming activities of the system is
transported on a
path that does not include the Internet.
[0028] As shown in FIG. 3, a gaming communication device 32 is in
communication with a gaming service provider 36 over a network 34. The gaming
service provider preferably has one or more servers, on which are resident
various
gaming and other applications. As shown in FIG. 3, some example gaming
applications include horse racing and other sports, financial exchange, casino
and/or virtual casino, entertainment and other events exchange, and news and
real
time entertainment. Each of these applications may be embodied in one or more
software modules. The applications may be combined in any possible
combination. Additionally, it should be understood that these applications are
not
exhaustive and that other applications may exist to provide an environment to
the
user that is associated with any of the described or potential convenience
activities.
100291 In other embodiments of the invention, as shown in FIG. 4, for example,
the communications network comprises a private wireless network. The private
wireless network may include, for example, an 802.1Ix (WiFi) network
technology
to cover "Game Spots" or "Entertainment Spots." In FIG. 4, various WiFi
networks
are indicated as networks 41. Networks 41 may use other communications
protocols to provide a private wireless network including, but not limited to,
802.16x (WiMax) technology. Further, networks 41 may be interconnected. Also,
a convenience gaming system may comprise a combination of networks as
depicted in FIG. 4. For example, there is shown a combination of private
wireless
networks 44, a cellular network comprising a multi-channel access unit or
sectorized base station 42, and a satellite network comprising one or more
satellites
46.
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[00301 With respect to the private wireless network, because the preferable
technology covers smaller areas, (e.g., in the range of 100-300 feet) and
provides
very high-speed throughput, the private wireless network is particularly well-
suited =
for gaming commission needs of location and identity verification for the
gaming
, 5 service provider products. The gaming spots enabled by networks 41
may include
a current casino area 48, new areas such as swimming pools, lakes or other
recreational areas 49, guest rooms and restaurants such as might be found in
casino
48 or hotels 45 and 47, residential areas 40, and other remote convenience
gaming
areas 43. The configuration of the overall convenience gaming system depicted
in
FIG. 4 is intended only as an example and may be modified within the scope of
the
invention.
10031] In some embodiments of the invention, the system architecture for the
convenience gaming system includes:
10032] (1) a wireless LAN (Local Access Network) component, which consists
of mostly 802.11x (WiFi) and/or 802.16x WiMax technologies; robust security
and
authentication software; gaming software; mobile carrier approved handsets
with
Windows or Symbian operating systems integrated within; and
100331 (a) CDMA-technology that is secure for over-the-air data protection;
100341 (b) at least two layers of user authentication, (that provided by the
mobile
carrier and that provided by the gaming service provider);
[0035] (c) compulsory tunneling (static routing) to gaming services;
100361 (d) end-to-end encryption at the application layer; and
100371 (c) state-of-the-art firewall and DMZ technologies;
100381 (2) an MWAN (Metropolitan Wireless Access Network), which consists
of licensed and license-exempt, point-to-point links, as well as licensed and
license-exempt, point-to-multi-point technologies;
100391 (3) private MAN (Metropolitan Access Network) 1-1 and 1-3 lines to
provide connectivity where wireless services cannot reach; and
100401 (4) redundant private-line communications from the mobile switch back
to the gaming server.
[0041] Each of the "Game Spots" or "Entertainment Spots" are preferably
connected via the MWAN/MAN back to central and redundant game servers. For
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accessing the private wireless networks 41, the gaming communication devices
are
preferably WiFi- or WiMax-enabled PDAs or mini-laptops, and do lot have to be
managed by a third-party partner.
10042) Preferably, the convenience gaming system includes a location
verification feature, which is operable to permit or disable gaming from a
remote
location depending upon whether or not the location meets one or more
criteria.
The criterion may be, for example, whether the location is within a pre-
defined
area in which gaming is permitted by law. As another example, the criterion
may
be whether the location is in a no-gaming zone, such as a school. The location
verification technology used in the system may include, without limitation,
"network-based" and/or "satellite-based" technology. Network-based technology
may included such techrologies as multilateration, triangulation and geo-
fencing,
for example. Satellite-based technologies may include global positioning
satellite
(GPS) technology, for example.
10043) As previously discussed, the cellular approach preferably includes the
use
of at least one cellular, mobile, voice and data network. For gaming in
certain
jurisdictions, such as Nevada for example, the technology may involve
triangulation, global positioning satellite (GPS) technology, and/or geo-
fencing to
avoid the potential for bets or wagers to be made outside Nevada state lines.
In
some embodiments, the network would not cover all of a particular
jurisdiction,
such as Nevada. For instance, the network would not cover areas in which
cellular
coverage for a particular base station straddled the state line or other
boundary of
the jurisdiction. This is done in order to permit the use of location
verification to
insure against the chance of bets originating or terminating outside of the
state.
Triangulation may be used as a method for preventing gaming from unapproved
locations. Triangulation may be accomplished, for example, by comparing the
signal strength from a single mobile station received at multiple base
stations, each
having GPS coordinates. This technology may be used to pinpoint the location
of
a mobile station. The location can then be compared to a map or other resource
to
determine whether the user of the mobile station is in an unapproved area,
such as
a school. Alternatively, GPS technology may be used for these purposes.
Date Regue/Date Received 2020-05-12
100441 As shown in FIG. 5, the convenience gaming system includes a plurality
of gaming communication devices 54, 55, and 56. Device 54 is located outside
the
gaming jurisdiction 58. Devices 55 and 56 are both located inside gaming
jurisdiction 58. However only device 56 is located within geo-fence 57, which
is
, 5 established by the coverage areas of a plurality of base station
53. Thus, geo-
fencing may be used to enable gaming via device 56 but disable gaming via
devices 54 and 55. Even though some gaming communication devices that are
within the gaming jurisdiction 58, such as device 55, are not permitted access
to
the convenience gaming system, the geo-fence 57 ensures that no gaming
communication devices outside jurisdiction 58, such as device 54, are
permitted
access.
100451 Geo-fencing does not specify location. Rather, it ensures that a mobile
station is within certain boundaries. For instance, geo-fencing may be used to
ensure that a mobile station beyond state lines does not access the
convenience
gaming system. Triangulation on the other hand specifies a pinpoint, or near-
=
pinpoint, location. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, device 56 is triangulated
between three of the base stations 53 to determine the location of device 56.
Triangulation may be used to identify whether a device, such as a mobile
station, is
located in a specific spot where gambling is unauthorized (such as, for
example, a
school). Preferably, the location determination technology utilized in
conjunction
with the invention meets the Federal Communication Commission's (FCC's) Phase
2 E911 requirements. Geological Institute Survey (GIS) mapping may also be
utilized to compare identified coordinates of a gaming communication device
with
GIS map features or elements to determine whether a device is in an area not
authorized for gaming. It should be noted that any type of location
verification
may be used such as triangulation, geo-fencing, global positioning satellite
(GPS)
technology, or any other type of location determining technology, which can be
used to ensure, or provide an acceptable level of confidence, that the user is
within
an approved gaming area.
100461 In other embodiments, location verification is accomplished using
channel address checking or location verification using some other identifying
number or piece of information indicative of which network or portion of a
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network is being accessed by the gaming communication device. Assuming the
using of an identifying number for this purpose, then according to one method
of
location checking, as an example, a participant accesses the gaming system via
a
mobile telephone. The identifying number of the mobile telephone, or of the
network component being accessed by the mobile telephone, identifies the
caller's
connection to the mobile network. The number is indicative of the fact that
the
caller is in a defined area and is on a certain mobile network. A server
application
may be resident on the mobile telephone to communicate this information via
the
network to the gaming service provider. In related embodiments, the
identifying
number for information is passed from a first network provider to a second
network provider. For example, a caller's home network may be that provided by
the second provider, but the caller is roaming on a network (and in a
jurisdiction)
provided by the first provider. The first provider passes the identifying
information through to the second provider to enable the second provider to
determine whether the caller is in a defined area that does or does not allow
the
relevant gaming activity. Preferably the gaming service provider either
maintains,
or has access to, a database that maps the various possible worldwide mobile
network identifying numbers to geographic areas. The invention contemplates
using any number or proxy that indicates a network portion of a network, or
network component, which is being connected with a mobile telephone. The
identifying number may indicate one or more of a base station or group of base
stations, a line, a channel, a trunk, a switch, a router, a repeater, etc.
[0047] In other embodiments of the present invention, when the user connects
his
telephone to the gaming server, the gaming server draws the network
identifying
information and communicates that information into the gaming service
provider.
The software resident on the gaming communication device may incorporate
functionality that will, upon login or access by the user, determine the
user's
location (based at least in part on the identifying information) and send a
message
to the gaining service provider. The identifying number or information used to
determine location may be country-specific, state-specific, town-specific, or
specific to some other definable boundaries.
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[0048] In connection with any of the location determination methods, the
gaming
system may periodically update the location determination information. This
may
be done, for example, during a gaming session, at pre-defined time intervals
to
ensure that movement of the gaming communication device to an unauthorized
area is detected during play, and not just upon login or initial access.
[0049] Thus, depending on the location determination technology being used,
the
decision whether to permit or prohibit a gaming activity may be made at the
gaming communication device, at the gaming server, or at any of the components
of the telecommunication network being used to transmit information between
the
gaming communication device and the gaming server (such as at a base station,
for
example).
[0050] An aspect of the private wireless network related to preventing gaming
in
unauthorized areas is the placement of sensors, such as Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) sensors on the gaming communication devices. The sensors
trigger alarms if users take the devices outside the approved gaming areas.
Further, the devices may be "tethered" to immovable objects. Users might
simply
log in to such devices using their ID and password.
100511 In connection with FIG. 6, an example embodiment of a method
according to the invention can be described as follows. As discussed, software
is
preferably loaded on a gaming communication device and is operable to receive
input data for gaming. The input data may originate at associated gaming
software
resident on the gaming server, or it may be input by the user of the gaming
communication device. The software on the device is operable to present a
representation of a gaming environment. This can include, among other things,
a
representation of a table game such as a blackjack table or a slot machine.
Other
examples of the representation of a gaming environment include graphical
representations of any of the other applications described herein.
[0052] In the example method shown in FIG. 6, in a first step 602, the gaming
communication device is activated. This may take place as a function of
turning
on a phone, PDA, or other communication device as described elsewhere herein.
Preferably, activation comprises connecting the gaming communication device to
a
private data network. Part of the activation includes logging in at a prompt.
This
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Date Recue/Date Received 2020-05-12
may be considered as a first level of authentication of a user of the gaming
communication device. A second level of user authentication comprises
authentication of the gaining communication device itself. This may occur, for
example, by authentication of a mobile station by a mobile carrier. A third
level of
user identification may comprise biometrics. Various examples of biometrics
may
include, but are not limited to, fingerprint identification, photo
identification, retina
scanning, voice print matching, etc.
100531 In a next step 604, the user is presented with the gaming environment.
The gaming environment may be presented in various stages. For instance, in a
first stage, the gaming environment may comprise a casino lobby where the user
is
presented with certain gaming options including, for example, table games,
slots,
sports book, video poker, and a casino cashier. In a subsequent stage, the
user may
be presented with optional instances of the type of activity selected from the
casino
lobby.
100541 In a next step 606, the user selects an activity, such as a particular
casino
table game. In step 608, the user is presented with one or more options
related to
the selected activity. In step 610, the user selects an option. For instance,
at this
point, the user might place a wager, draw a card, select a restaurant or
restaurant
menu item, select a news source or a news story, place a buy or sell order on
a
financial exchange, place a bet on a certain box office performance over/under
amount for a given movie, etc. The options for user input are myriad. In step
612,
the software resident on the gaming communication device accepts the option
input
by the user and transmits the input data to the software resident at the
gaming
server. In step 614, the gaming server software acts on the input data.
(0055] Actions in this point, may include, without limitation, determining an
outcome and/or amount, accessing another server and/or software application,
retrieving information, preparing a response to the user, etc. The action of
determining an outcome and/or amount might take place, for example, if the
user is
using the device to place wagers in connection with a gambling activity. For
certain gambling activities, such as a table game or slot machine, a random
number
generator may be incorporated to determine the outcome (i.e., whether the user
won or lost) and the gaming server software would also determine an amount won
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Date Recue/Date Received 2020-05-12
or lost based on the amount wagered and any applicable odds. The action of
accessing another server and/or software application might occur, for example,
in
the event the user is engaging in a services activity such as accessing news
services, making reservations and placing food and beverage orders at a
restaurant,
or making a retail purchase. The action of retrieving information might occur
when the gaming server software is prompted to access another server for the
purpose of retrieving a certain type of information requested by the user.
100561 Preferably, the gaming server software prepares a response to the
user's
input data and in step 616. In step 618, the user acknowledges the response.
For
0 example, in the case of gambling, the user might acknowledge that he won
a hand
of blackjack because the dealer busted and that his payout was $100 based on a
$50 bet at even odds. In step 620, the user logs out.
[0057] In the situation where the user is gambling, after the series of steps
described in connection with FIG. 6, (or a subset or modified series of
steps), the
user physically enters a casino and goes to a casino cashier for payout and/or
settlement (which can include, for example, extensions of credit or advance
deposits). In some embodiments, there is a waiting period (e.g., twenty-four
hours)
before the user can collect winnings. The purpose of the waiting period is to
allow
time for fraud monitoring. The waiting period may depend on the amount of the
balance. For example, if the user is owed less than $5,000 the waiting period
may
be twelve hours. If the user is owed between $5,000 and $10,000 the waiting
period may be twenty-four hours. If the user is owed more than $10,000 the
waiting period may be forty-eight hours.
[00581 Preferably, data is transmitted back and forth during the convenience
gaming activities between the gaming communication device and a server
controlled by the gaming service provider. An example of the path of
communication is shown in FIG. 7. Gaming data, such as a wager placed by the
user, is transmitted from gaming communication device 701 to a base station
702
(or a transmitter in the case of a private wireless network such as a WiFi or
WiMax
network). Base station 702 routes the data through network 703 to a hub or
gateway 704, which in turn routes the data to a gaming server 705 operated by
a
gaming service provider. Preferably, the communication from gaming
Date Regue/Date Received 2020-05-12
'communication device 701 to the network 703 comprises wireless communication.
This may be any type of known wireless communication, or any type of wireless
communication available"in the future. Examples of acceptable wireless
communication protocols include CDMA, GSM, and GPRS.
[00591 Preferably, the communication from the network 703 to the gateway 704
and to the server 705 are conducted over secure land line. FIG. 7 is an
example
communication network only and the invention should be understood to cover
other networks in which data may be transmitted from gaming communication
device 701 to server 705. Preferably, data in response to data being
transmitted
from gaming communication device 701 to server 705 is transmitted back to
gaming communication device 701 along a path essentially opposite to the path
of
the first transmission. It should be noted that in at least certain
embodiments of the
methods and systems described herein, a user is not actually playing a game on
the
gaming communication device. Rather, the user is actually playing the game on
the server controlled by the gaming service provider, which may be located
within
a casino, thereby interacting with the gaming device and the server. In other
embodiments, the user may be playing the game on the gaming device itself or
interacting solely with the device.
100601 With respect to payment and/or receipt of winnings and losses, one
possible approach is as follows. Upon check-in at a casino hotel, a hotel
representative may query a guest as to whether the guest wants access to a
convenience gaming device. If the guest does want such access, the hotel
representative may provide the guest with a gaming communication device in
exchange for a credit-card type deposit or other deposit. The guest then
deposits
money into an account for wireless gaming. The guest's account balance
information is loaded onto the guest's account file, which is preferably
maintained
on the gaming server. The user may load money into his gaming account by
establishing a credit account, for example, at a casino cashier and/or by
paying
cash to the casino cashier. Many other alternatives exist and this Process is
an
example only. Guest accounts or gaming communication devices may be
preloaded with funds. Funds may be deposited during a convenience gaming
session. This may occur, for example, if a user selected a casino cashier
activity
16
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-05-12
from the gaming environment and instructed the cashier to add funds to the
account. The finance subsystem may also utilize account card technology (such
as
ATM cards, credit cards, stored value cards, gift cards, etc) in order to
conduct
financial transactions associated with a user's account. Moreover, the user
may
receive or make payments remotely, by way of inputting instructions via the
gaming communication device or by another remote device such as an automatic
teller machine (ATM), which is in electronic communication with the gaming
server or other server operated by the casino, hotel, gaming service provider
or
other entity involved in the convenience gaming activities. For example, a
user
might remotely (via the gaming communication device) place an order at a
restaurant. Then, the user might make advance payment for the meal at an ATM-
type machine which is operable to receive instructions corresponding to the
financial transaction requirements of the convenience gaming activity of
ordering
food.
[0061] Electronic records of the gaming transactions undertaken by a user may
be establised. Preferably, this is accomplished by utilization of a keystroke
log,
which is an electronic record of all keystrokes made by the user. Utilization
of a
keystroke log in this context allows for unprecedented monitoring of a user's
gaming activity. In the event of a dispute, one may refer to the keystroke log
and
readily determine whether, in fact, a user placed a particular wager, for
example.
[0062] An additional possible aspect of the electronic record is to allow a
gaming
control board or other regulatory authority, access to the electronic record
in a
direct manner in order to conduct periodic independent monitoring of the
convenience gaming activities conducted over the system. Another possible
aspect
is to allow policing against rigged machines. For instance, it is possible
that the
gaming control board (or other regulatory authority) could obtain a gaming
communication device and compare their test results over time against records
in
the electronic record database (e.g., by comparing the results shown in the
keystroke log). This essentially comprises electronic access for testing.
10063] In other embodiments of the invention, as shown in FIG. 8, a ship-based
convenience gaming system is provided. The system preferably comprises
passenger vessel 802, such as a cruise liner for example. The system includes
one
17
Date Regue/Date Received 2020-05-12
or more gaming communication devices 806 connected to a communication
network. The network shown in FIG. 8 comprises a mobile network with base
stations 808 connected via a LAN to a base station controller (BSC) 810. BSC
810
is connected via a Ti interface to a first Very Small Aperture Terminal (SAT)
modem 812, which is in communication with a first satellite 814. First
satellite
814 is operable to transmit and receive signals from second satellite 814,
which is
in communication with second VSAT modem 812. Second VSAT modem 812 is
in communication with a gaming server 818 located at gaming service provider
816. Gaming server is coupled to gaming database 820. Again, the network
o configuration depicted in FIG. 8 is for example purposes only, and other
configurations are within the scope of the invention. An on-board back office
822
is preferably provided. Data is communicated by the on-board VSAT modem and
transmitter to the first satellite for relay to the second (preferably land-
based)
VSAT receiver and modem. The data is then communicated to a server and/or
centralized database via a mobile station controller (not shown).
[0064] A corresponding business model involves the gaming service provider
contracting with a cruise line, which agrees to allow the gaming service
provider to
provide coverage throughout the cruise line's ship(s), by using repeaters for
example. The gaming service provider may provide a private wireless network,
in
which case any revenue generated from use of or access to the private wireless
network, and revenue from gaming activities, may be allocated among all or any
subset of the cruise line and the gaming service provider. Alternatively, the
gaming service provider may contract with a mobile carrier and a satellite
provider,
in which case revenue from the mobile calls, and revenue from gaming
activities,
may be allocated among all or any subset of the cruise line, the mobile
carrier and
the gaming service provider.
[00651 There are several scenarios for a user's activity relative to
transactions
conducted over the convenience gaming system. In one example scenario the user
is in a fixed, but remote, location from the gaming server, which may be
located on
the premises of a casino. This may include, for instance, a situation in which
the
gaming communication device is a kiosk or some other communication device
which is in a fixed position or which is tethered to a fixed position so that
the
18
Date Regue/Date Received 2020-05-12
gaming communication device cannot be moved beyond a certain area. In another
example scenario, the user starts a convenience gaming transaction at a first
location and ends the transaction at a second location different from the
first
location. In another example scenario, the user is mobile during a single
convenience gaming transaction. In another example scenario, the user is
mobile
within a first approved area then (during the convenience gaming transaction)
the
user moves outside the first approved area, through an unapproved area, to a
remote second approved area.
100661 In another example embodiment, the convenience gaming system may be
to used to enable gaming activities involving multiple wireless users who
interact
with one another. For instance, the system may enable a table game (such as
blackjack) in which a first user and a second user are conducting gaming
transactions on the same table and in which options selected by the first user
directly impact outcomes and options relative to the second user. Preferably,
the
gaming environment presented on the gaming communication devices of both the
first and second users will indicate the existence and activity of the other
respective
user. Another example of multiple users interacting on the convenience gaming
system is the provision of a poker game in which users place bets against one
another instead of, or in addition to, placing bets against the house. Another
example of interaction between users is when a first user makes restaurant
reservations or purchases event tickets, thereby reducing the options
available to
the second user.
100671 Preferably, the gaming service provider provides at least the following
functions. First, the gaming service provider provides and controls the one or
more
gaming servers. These servers may be physically located within the confines of
the gaming service provider or may exist at a remote location. As mentioned,
the
gaming servers may also be located at or near a games provider such as a
casino,
casino hotel, racino, cruise ship, race track, etc. The gaming service
provider may
also provide monitoring services such as transaction monitoring and key stroke
logging services. The gaming service provider may also provide data management
and security services. These services are not intended to be exhaustive and
the
19
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-05-12
gaming service provider may provide other services which facilitate the
convenience gaming process.
100681 It should be noted that the invention can be implemented in connection
with any gaming environment or an environment for any other activity, which
may
be conducted electronically. The invention is not limited to Nevada or any
other
particular gaming jurisdiction. For instance, the invention can be employed in
connection with casinos in Atlantic City, N.J., international jurisdictions,
Native
American gaming facilities, and "racinos" which are race tracks that also have
slot
machines, video lottery terminals, or other gambling devices. For example, in
JO connection with "racinos," the invention might be used by participants
who wish to
play slot machine games while they are viewing race horses in the paddock
area.
This might be desirable in the event that the slot machine area does not allow
smoking and a participant wishes to gamble from an outdoor smoking area.
Alternatively, the slot machine area might permit smoking and the gambler
wishes
to play the slot machines from an area where he or she can avoid breathing
second-
hand smoke. Numerous other scenarios can be envisioned in which the gaming
participant can use the invention to participate in remote gaming, while
enjoying
some other primary activity in a location remote from the gaming facility.
[0069]
Further, the invention is not limited to gaming, but can include other
applications,
such as trading financial instruments, and wagering on other types of events,
such
as elections, award events, or any other activity. More specifically, although
the
invention is described in the context of remote and/or mobile gaming, the
principles of the invention are applicable to any system or method that uses
wireless communications or other portable devices including handheld devices
such as personal digital (or data) assistants (PDAs), computers, mini-
computers,
pagers, wireless terminals, mobile telephones, etc. Such systems may include
electronic trading systems such as those used for trading financial
instruments or
any commodities.
10070] In at least one embodiment, the invention provides jurisdictional
controls,
which limit gaming to approved geographical areas. The invention may also
include an age/identity verification feature. This can be accomplished through
any
applicable technique including retina scanning, finger print identification,
voice
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-05-12
print matching, or other biometrics. Identity verification can also be
accomplished
by having a customer take a picture of himself (e.g., by use of a digital
picture
phone) and transmitting the picture to the gaming service provider for
comparison
to a stored picture of the pre-approved user. Identity verification can also
be
accomplished by way of comparison of participant provided data to stored data,
and execution of electronic agreements or contracts by the participant. The
invention may also provide for the logging of keystrokes. In at least one
embodiment, all communications are accomplished without accessing the
Internet.
10071] Mobile, remote gaming may be desirable for many reasons, some of =
which have already been described. The invention may allow supplementation of
existing in-house gaming revenue by allowing bettors to place bets while
enjoying
other leisure activities such as golf, swimming, dining and shows. The
invention
may complement the new coin less wagering environment as bettors can play
their
favorite games outside the casino. The invention provides a high-speed,
reliable,
accurate, and secure mobile gaming environment that complies with regulatory
requirements for identification and location verification of the bettor with
the
ability to generate key stroke logs. The invention may restrict unauthorized
usage
from a geographic perspective and is capable of implementation using location
verification technology (e.g., geo fencing) to conform the gaming activities
to legal
parameters.
100721 Consumers may benefit from an increased choice of gaming
environments. Consumers will be able to bet in whatever surroundings they
prefer,
benefiting from the knowledge that the product is regulated, fair and secure
while
enjoying the gaming experience at the speed they choose without external
influences, such as that which might occur within the in-house casino
environment.
The gaming businesses can use the invention to increase their revenue base
through a new, regulated, mobile, remote channel. Customers wanting to be
entertained during downtime or outside a casino will be able to play games on
their
gaming communication device and customers intimidated by a traditional casino
environment will be able to play in private. The gaming jurisdictions may
benefit
from an increase in gaming an ancillary revenue growth because customers will
have a more enjoyable experience.
21
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-05-12
1,00731 The invention may also be used to deliver content at an increased
speed
compared to traditional telecommunications systems. The content may include,
for
example, live reports, entertainment, news, promotions and advertising.
(00741 As mentioned above, the invention provides a mobile gaming
environment that complies with regulatory requirements for identification and
location verification of the bettor. Moreover, the system is designed to be
one
hundred percent "clean" from a regulatory perspective. The software is clean
in
that it has not been and will not be licensed to anyone who does business
illegally
or otherwise operates in a "gray" area. For example, in a preferred
embodiment,
the software is not licensed to an entity that will illegally operate the
software, or
otherwise illegally do business on, the Internet. This may be desirable in
that
certain gaming jurisdictions will not grant gaming permits or licenses to
companies
that do business with, or license technology to or from, other entities known
to be
engaging in illegal operations.
100751 Preferably, the system is designed such that the gaming software (or
other
application software operating on the system) is also one hundred percent
clean
from a regulatory perspective. For instance, before granting a license, a
gaming
jurisdiction may require that the software being used is not tainted in that
it has not
been used by the license applicant in violation of any laws and has not been
licensed or otherwise distributed or disseminated to others who have used the
software for illegal purposes, or who have been engaging in illegal activity.
Therefore, it is preferred that the gaming software be clean and untainted
from this
perspective.
(0076] The systems and methods described herein may also be used to deliver
and/or access "Rich Media" content such as, for example, sports video (live or
nearly live) and audio commentary. Such may often only be distributed within
specific jurisdictions. Therefore, the distribution may benefit from the
inventive
aspects discussed herein, particularly the location verification aspect, such
as
geofencing.
100771 The gaming system and methods described herein may permit, among
other things, pari-mutuel wagering, sports betting, and dissemination of news
and
other content. The invention also enables a casino or other gaming provider to
22
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-05-12
advertise ancillary services such as shows, bars, and restaurants. The
invention
also enables remote reservations and purchases in connection with such
services.
[0078) According to some embodiments of the invention, the convenience
gaming system provides for the dissemination of real-time odds to users
accessing
. 5 the system.
[0079] In other embodiments, an outcome in one transaction can trigger the
presentation to the user of options for a second transaction. For example, if
a user
wins a predetermined amount of money playing blackjack, the user might be
presented with an option to purchase retail items at a casino store or to make
reservations for certain services at a club. As another example, if a user
uses the
system to purchase show tickets, the user might be offered to make
reservations at
one of several restaurants within a certain proximity to the show.
[0080] In some embodiments of the invention, access to the gaming device may
be restricted unless a soft check and/or a hard check are performed. For
example,
in a soft check process, a user may be required to enter a valid user name and
associated password, whereas in a hard check mechanism, the user may employ a
physical token such as a card that identifies the user to the gaming device.
100811 FIG. 9 illustrates an apparatus 920 to be used in conjunction with a
gaming device 910 as part of a hard check mechanism according to the
invention.
Apparatus 920 may include any of a card which bears a magnetic strip (such as
a
credit card), a key that includes an RFID transponder, a limited-distance
signal
emitted or other transponder, a smart card that has a microprocessor or other
circuit
or "chip", a bracelet or wristband which includes a signal transmitter such as
an
RFID signal transmitter, or which includes a magnetically encoded signal, a
substrate that bears a bar code or other optically readable identifier, or any
combination of the same.
[00821 For example, in some embodiments of the invention, apparatus 920 may
be a magnet or a card bearing a magnetic strip (such as a credit card) or a
smart
card that has a microprocessor or other circuit or "chip" and which may be
read by
card reader 1010, which is part of gaming device 1000, as depicted in FIG. 10.
Alternatively, such a card may be read by a contact-less device (e.g., a
signal
reader which receives and interprets signals transmitted by the card).
23
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-05-12
[00831 Apparatus 920 may therefore be capable of producing a signal that is
detectable by a gaming communication device such that access to the gaming
device is provided when the signal is detected. Access to the gaming device
may
be provided for a predetermined period of time after the signal is initially
detected
or so long as the signal continues to be detected. The signal produced by
apparatus
920 may additionally or glternatively communicate identifying information
stored
on the apparatus. Such information may be communicated through a transponder
or any other suitable emitter. Access to the gaming device may be provided
when
the identifying information is associated with a,user that is authorized to
operate
the gaming communication device. Such identifying information may be stored on
apparatus 920.
100841 Moreover, the signal produced by apparatus 920 may additionally or
alternatively communicate characteristics associated with the authorized user.
These characteristics may include the average volume wagered by the user,
whether the user is a high-volume, medium-volume or low-volume wagerer, the
user's wagering performance, whether the user is a member of a club affiliated
with
the organization that distributed the apparatus to the user. User
characteristics may
be stored and updated on apparatus 920 and/or device 910 as the user enters
into
more wagers and transactions, thereby enabling the provision of yet another
layer
of security for the device. For example, even after the initial soft and hard
checks
are successful, the user may subsequently be denied access to device 910 if
the
updated information does not fall within a predetermined range of acceptable
characteristics or does not substantially match ongoing wagering requirements
within a predetermined degree of tolerance. Alternatively or additionally, a
certain
number of deviation occurrences, which may be communicated by device 910 or
merely calculated based on the updated characteristics as communicated by
device
910, may trigger an alarm signal generated at a security center. This signal
may
lead to increased surveillance of the user or may cause security or gambling
facility
personnel to take action vis-a-vis the user.
100851 Alternatively, the signal produced by apparatus 920 may be compatible
with a certain class of devices (e.g., gaming devices associated with a
relatively
higher limit, if at all, on the amounts allowed to be wagered). Before being
24
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-05-12
provided with the apparatus, a user may be required to provide identifying
information (e.g., a user I.D.). Upon receipt of this information, a provider
such as
a gambling facility, may retrieve a user record or profile containing
characteristics
associated with the user and the information provided. The user may then be
provided with an apparatus that corresponds to the retrieved characteristics.
An
example of such a verification process relating to wagering is discussed
below.
100861 In some embodiments of the invention, apparatus 920 does not produce
any signal. Instead, apparatus 920 may be a storage device or storage medium
such as tape, memory, a disk, etc. and gaming device 910 may have a reader
It) capable of extracting information such as a compact disk or other disk
or tape
reader, or any other card reader or device capable of extracting information
stored
on such a storage mechanism.
100871 In some embodiments of the invention, apparatus 920 may also serve
other functions. In addition to, or as an alternative to, securing access to a
wireless
gaming device, apparatus 920 may use the same mechanisms described herein to
communicate with a gaming station or other interface. For example, apparatus
920
may be associated with information that grants the user access to certain non-
mobile gaming devices, certain areas within a casino or a hotel, a particular
nightclub or restaurant, a particular room or suite, etc., or serve as a user
or player
tracking card, e.g., a "comp card".
100881 In other embodiments of the invention, apparatus 920 may be a bracelet
or wristband such as bracelet 1100 depicted in FIG. 11. Bracelet 1100 can be
made of many types of material, such as rubber, plastic, metal or any
combination
thereof. Bracelet 1100 may be adapted for single-use or multiple uses. The
ends
of the bracelet may be attachable at point 1111 such that the bracelet can be
affixed
to or worn on, e.g., the wrist of a user of the game device. For example,
bracelet 1100 may have adhesive on one end, allowing that end to be adhered to
the other end when the bracelet is formed into a loop around the user's wrist.
100891 The bracelet may include a chip, transmitter or transponder which emits
a
signal that identifies the user (e.g., by emitting a signal that represents a
unique
identifier such as a signal that represents a sequence of alphanumeric
characters).
In such embodiments, the bracelet, when worn by a user of the gaming device,
can
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-05-12
emit a signal that is received by the gaming device, which in turn informs the
gaming device that the wireless gaming device is being used by an authorized
user
(e.g., the user associated with the unique identifier transmitted by the
bracelet).
100901 The bracelet may operate only for the period during which it is worn by
a
user. For example, the bracelet or gaming device may include a device which
permits detection of whether the bracelet is in a looped position with its
ends
adhered to each other. This can be advantageous where it is desirable to
determine, after a bracelet has been worn by a user, whether the bracelet has
been
=
removed by the user (because the ends of the bracelet are no longer in contact
with
each other). In some embodiments of the invention, a very low amperage current
can be passed through the bracelet through a transmitter or battery in the
bracelet.
Thus, if the bracelet is worn by a user, the ends of the bracelet will be
electrically
connected and a closed circuit will be formed thereby causing current to flow
through the circuit. Such a current can be detected by the gaming device. In
other
embodiments, the magnetic field of the circuit can be detected by the gaming
device. If the circuit is broken or otherwise disengaged, indicating that the
user
has probably removed the bracelet, then the hard check can fail, and the user
must
pass the hard check in another manner (e.g., by obtaining another bracelet).
The
bracelet may or may not be permanently disabled upon removal.
100911 The bracelet may have visual or other indicator or indicia associated
with
user characteristics. Accordingly, different users may be handed out bracelets
having different colors, dimensions, sizes, styles, etc. based on their
gaming, or
other, traits. For example, upon verification of user identity and/or
retrieval of user
record, a user that wagers or trades in high volumes may be given a bracelet
having
a different color than that given to a user that wagers or trades in lower
volumes.
[00921 In some embodiments, the gaming device may be configured to provide a
recognizable visual, audio and/or other signal when access to the device is
provided through the bracelet (i.e., when the hard check is successful) or
merely
when the device is within a certain distance from the bracelet. For example,
an
LED on the gaming device may be enabled when access is provided. As another
example, the device may produce a blinking light, a beeping sound and/or may
vibrate when the device is capable of detecting the bracelet and/or when the
user
26
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-05-12
actuates a locator button on the device. Actuation of such a button may also
be
part of a sequence of steps taken to unlock the device.
[0093] In some embodfinents of the invention, the gaming device may be
programmed to recognize one or more particular bracelets at the time the
wireless
gaming device is registered to be provided to a user. In such embodiments, the
gaining device may be selected or determined to match or correspond to the
unique
identifier of the particular bracelet. For example, a unique identifier may be
stored
by, coded into, or programmed into the wireless gaming device.
[0094] In other embodiments of the invention, a unique identifier, and/or user
characteristics, are coded into the bracelet at the time the wireless gaming
device is
registered to be provided to a user. In these embodiments, the identifier of
the
bracelet would be set to match, correspond to or otherwise be recognized by,
the
wireless gaming device.
100951 In some embodiments of the invention, the identifiers associated with a
hard check apparatus (e.g., a bracelet as discussed above) are stored on a
server or
other device that the wireless gaming device can access. In other embodiments,
the wireless gaming device does not store such identifiers. Information
conveyed
from the apparatus to the wireless gaming device may be checked, compared to
predetermined criteria or matched locally (i.e., at the wireless gaming device
by,
e.g., the device itself) or remotely through, e.g., a server which can
authenticate
users and communicate back with the device. For example, such information may
be transmitted across network 16 of FIG. 1 and may be processed by computer
18.
[0096] In some embodiments of the invention, the identifier associated with a
particular apparatus (e.g., bracelet) allows one or more accounts of the user
to be
recognized and accessed. For example, an account that stores or manages the
"comp points" of the user may be determinable by, and accessible from, the
wireless gaming device. Thus, the user may wager using the wireless gaming
device and also have her comp points manipulated (e.g., added to in accordance
with her use of the wireless gaming device).
[0097] The wireless gaming device can be programmed to determine the form of
hard check used (e.g., from a bracelet instead of from a comp card with a
magnetic
stripe). For example, the manner of input may provide such a determination
(e.g.,
27
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-05-12
an identifier received via an integrated card reader as depicted in FIG. 10
indicates
that the hard check is performed via a card, while an identifier received via
an
RFID transponder indicates that the hard check is performed via a bracelet as
depicted in FIG. 11). Alternatively or additionally, the form of hard check
may be
coded into the identifier. For example, identifiers that begin with the number
"1"
may indicate that the hard check is via a card, while identifiers that begin
with the
number "2" indicate that the hard check is via a bracelet.
[00981 Although this disclosure has been described in terms of certain
. embodiments and generally associated methods, alterations and
permutations of
to these embodiments and methods will be apparent to those skilled in the
art.
Accordingly, the above description of example embodiments does not define or
constrain this disclosure. Other changes, substitutions, and alterations are
also
possible without departing from the scope of the described embodiments.
28
Date Regue/Date Received 2020-05-12
