A METHOD AND A SYSTEM FOR HEATING SUBAREAS OF APARTMENTS IN BUILDINGS, SUCH AS A BATHROOM OF AN APARTMENT

PROCEDE, SYSTEME ET ECHANGEUR DE CHALEUR POUR CHAUFFER DES ZONES SECONDAIRES D'APPARTEMENTS DANS DES BATIMENTS, TELS QU'UNE SALLE DE BAINS D'UN APPARTEMENT

English Abstract

CA 03088594 2020-07-15
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY
(PCT)
(19) World Intellectual Property 1 11111 1111111 11 111111 111
11111 11111111 1 1 111 111 111111111111111111111111 11111111111 111 1111
Organization
0-----
International Bureau (10) International
Publication Number
(43) International Publication Date WO 2019/149999 Al
08 August 2019 (08.08.2019) WIPO I PCT
(51) International Patent Classification: KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR,
LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME,
F24D 17/00 (2006.01) F24D 3/08 (2006.01) MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ,
NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ,
OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA,
(21) International Application Number:
SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN,
PCT/FI2019/050068
TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW.
(22) International Filing Date:
30 January 2019 (30.01.2019) (84) Designated States (unless otherwise
indicated, for every
kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH,
(25) Filing Language: Finnish GM, KE, LR, LS, MW,
MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ,
UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ,
(26) Publication Language: English
TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK,
(30) Priority Data: EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR,
HU, EE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV,
20185083 30 January 2018 (30.01.2018) FI MC, MK, MT, NL, NO,
PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM,
20185452 1'7 May 2018 (1'7.05.2018) FI TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF,
CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW,
KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG).
(72) Inventor; and
(71) Applicant: HOLOPAINEN, Timo [FI/FI]; Ukonniemen- Published:
tie 19, 40250 JYVÄSKYLA (FI).
¨ with international search
report (Art. 21(3))
(74) Agent: KESPAT OY; Vasarakatu 1, 40320 JYVÄSKYLA ¨ before the expiration
of the time limit for amending the
(FI). claims and to be republished
in the event of receipt of
amendments (Rule 48.2(h))
(81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every
_
kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM,
AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ,
. CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO,
DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN,
. HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP,
(54) Title: A METHOD, SYSTEM AND A HEAT EXCHANGER FOR HEATING SUBAREAS OF
APARTMENTS IN
BUILDINGS, SUCH AS A BATHROOM OF AN APARTMENT
(57) Abstract: The invention is related to a method for heating (22) subareas
14
. \ /1
Ala of apartments, such as a bathroom of an apartment, in a building
provided
. \
---1. with a domestic hot water circulation
loop (11a, 1 lb) for supplying domestic
. hot water to points of use in apartments at a pre-set temperature and
where-
. = \- it' g/= in heating of each subarea is performed
with the heating energy of domestic
¨ ¨E,
, I water, a dedicated local water
circulation loop (10, 22) is circulated in the
. , /
subarea, to which heating energy is transferted from the domestic water cir-
-
- 11b----- ' ' / 11
/ LC-- ._ . 7 - culation loop using a heat exchanger
(15) placed in the subarea. The invention
.
is also related to a system and a heat exchanger.
le -- 401
2. FLOOR
r--,,'------ l la
=
_. ---7 '10 ¨ '7--
, L 0 . __ o
, 1 __ 1
/ ; o 7 -,L'
lib P= o
_
¨
L'ii ______________________ = L' I 22 ,_2
Il 16-- .-., ______ 1 . FLOOR
0'
1: KV _____________
LV 1 _______ 1
1 1
__________________________ KL
1: /----
I N
Nre 30 0 ________ z '¨'' '---18
1-1 1 1 . KL
........ L. ._1
1: KV = ____
Il ________________ 1, _________
0 Fig.
el
c

French Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour chauffer (22) des zones secondaires d'appartements, telles qu'une salle de bains d'un appartement, dans un bâtiment pourvu d'une boucle de circulation d'eau chaude domestique (11a, 11b) pour fournir de l'eau chaude domestique à des points d'utilisation dans des appartements à une température prédéfinie et le chauffage de chaque zone secondaire étant effectué avec l'énergie de chauffage d'eau domestique, une boucle de circulation d'eau locale dédiée (10, 22) est mis en circulation dans la zone secondaire, à laquelle de l'énergie de chauffage est transférée de la boucle de circulation d'eau domestique à l'aide d'un échangeur de chaleur (15) placé dans la zone secondaire. L'invention se rapporte également à un système et un échangeur de chaleur.

Claims

atifitalUPLUR-21,92 '' ' ' '
WITYR.120.1.9-059701ir
8
Claims
1. A method for heating (22) subareas of apartments, such as a bathroom of an
apartment, in a building provided with a domestic hot water circulation loop
(11 a,
11b) for supplying domestic hot water to points of use in apartments at a pre-
set
temperature and wherein heating of each subarea is performed with the heating
energy of domestic water, characterised in that it is provided in the subarea
a
dedicated closed local water circulation loop (10, 22), having a pump (19) and
an
expansion tank (26), to which heating energy is transferred from the domestic
io water circulation loop using a heat exchanger (15) placed in the
subarea.
2. A system for heating subareas of apartments, such as a bathroom of an
apartment
for a building, the system including
- a domestic hot water circulation loop (11a, 11b) for supplying domestic
hot
water to points of use at a pre-set temperature and
- equipment (22) for heating a subarea with domestic water, characterised
in that
- the system includes a closed local water circulation loop (15, 15.1,
15.2, 22)
complete with a pump (19) and an expansion tank (26) located in each
subarea,
- a heat exchanger (10) between the domestic water circulation loop and the
local water circulation loop for transferring heating energy with a heat
transmission to the local water circulation loop (15, 15.1, 15.2, 22), and
- heat supply equipment (22) located in the subarea for supplying heat
energy to the subarea from the local water circulation loop.
3. A system according to Claim 2, characterised in that the local water
circulation
loop includes a bypass line complete with control valves (17, 17') for
decreasing
the heat supply temperature.
4. A system according to Claims 2 to 3, characterised in that the heat
transmission
of the heat exchanger (10) and thus of the heat supply is arranged in the
range of
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200-500 W in a block of flats or a terrace house and in the range of 300-800 W
in
a detached house.
5. A system according to Claim 2, characterised in that the length of a jacket
(15) of
the heat exchanger is 250-1500 mm and the diameter of the inner pipe is 10-30
mm, preferably 12-16 mm in a block of flats and terrace house and 15-24 mm in
a detached house.
6. A system according to one of the Claims 2 to 5 for heating subareas of
apartments, such as a bathroom of an apartment, in a building, the system
including
1.0 a domestic hot water circulation loop (11a, 11b) for supplying
domestic hot water
to points of use at a pre-set temperature and
equipment (18) for heating domestic water and circulating it in its
circulation loop
(11a, 11b)
equipment (22) for heating a subarea with domestic water, characterised in
that
15 the system includes a closed local water circulation loop (15,
15.1, 15.2, 22)
complete with pumps (19) placed in each subarea,
a heat exchanger (10) between the domestic water circulation loop and the
local
water circulation loop for transferring heating energy to the local water
circulation
loop (15, 15.1, 15.2, 22),
20 heat supply equipment (22) located in the subarea for supplying
heat energy to the
subarea from the local water circulation loop.
7. A system according to Claim 6, characterised in that it includes equipment
(30)
arranged in the domestic water circulation loop (30) for measuring the
consumption of energy (30).
25 8. A system according to Claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the
expansion tank has
a volume of 0.2-2 L.
9. A system according to any of Claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the heat
exchanger (10) is arranged for a domestic water flow of 0.5-10 L/min and for a
local circulation flow of 0.1-5 L/min to produce water at 25-40 C for the
local
30 circulation from domestic water at 55-60 C.
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1 O. A systern according to Claim 9, characterised in that the length of the
jacket pipe
of the heat exchanger (10) is 250-1500 mm, most preferably 400-800 mm, and
the nominal output is 200-500 W with a terminal temperature difference of 25
C.
11.A system according to clairn 9, characterised in that a short sleeve (15.6)
is
provided at the ends of the heat exchanger (10) between the jacket pipe (15)
and
the inner pipe (11c) placing the central pipe (11c) in a coaxial position.
12.A system to any of Claims 9 to 11, characterised in that the heat exchanger
(10)
comprlses a straight jacket pipe (15) complete with connections (15.3, 15.4)
and a
straight coaxial inner pipe (11c).
1.0
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Description

CITETOT:015 r un uif7aE: 1. 9
1
A METHOD AND A SYSTEM FOR HEATING SUBAREAS OF APARTMENTS IN
BUILDINGS, SUCH AS A BATHROOM OF AN APARTMENT
A method and a system for heating subareas of apartments, such as a bathroom
of
an apartment, for a building provided with a domestic hot water circulation
loop for
supplying hot water at a pre-set temperature to points of use in apartments
and where
the heating of each subarea is performed using the heating energy of domestic
water.
Prior art
A separate heating device cannot be connected to a domestic water circulation
pipe
system, in which the temperature falls below 55 C. For this reason, underfloor
heating, for example, cannot be connected to a domestic hot water circulation
loop in
a traditional way. Because of various difficulties, floor heating of subareas,
such as
bathrooms, has been implemented with electricity despite demands for improving
energy efficiency and reducing consumption of primary energy.
Prior art, where a heating device is directly connected to a domestic hot
water
circulation loop using duplex connecting conduits, i.e. coaxial pipes, is
presented in
patent publication WO 2004/070279 A2. The tap water is heated up to tap.
In patent publication DE 202 18 316 U1 water from the domestic circulation
loop is
also circulated to a heating device, which is separated from the domestic loop
with
valves that can be used to control the flow of hot and cold water to the
radiator.
zo Patent publication WO 02/12125 A2 presents a water purification system
with a
feedback connection to a heat exchanger, where cold water entering a water
heater is
preheated with hot water exiting the water heater.
Patent publication DE 10 2015 004999 Al presents a supply of decentralized
heat
exchanger stations for drinking water heating for use in a block of flats.
Summary
The object of this invention is to provide a simple and safe method and system
for
correcting defects detected in prior art systems. The characteristic features
of the
invention are set forth in Claims 1 and 2.
In the method for heating subareas of apartments, such as a bathroom of an
apartment, in a building provided with a domestic hot water circulation loop
for
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2
supplying domestic hot water at a pre-set temperature to points of use in
apartments,
the heating of each room is performed using the heating energy of domestic
water.
According to the invention, the subarea has a dedicated local water
circulation loop,
which transfers heating energy from the domestic hot water circulation loop to
this
local loop using a heat exchanger located in the subarea.
The preferred heat exchanger is arranged between the domestic water
circulation
loop and the local water circulation loop for transferring heating energy from
the
domestic water circulation system to the local water circulation loop.
Specifically,
according to the invention, the heat exchanger comprises a coaxial pipe
construction
io having at least one elongated jacket pipe, closed with end caps, and an
inner pipe
placed longitudinally inside it, wherein one water circulation loop is
arranged within
the inner pipe and another one to flow in the jacket space of the jacket pipe
based on
the counter-current principle and where the heat exchanger is arranged for a
domestic water flow of 0.5-10 L/min and for a local circulation flow of 0.5-5
L/min to
is produce water at 25-40 C for the local circulation from domestic water
at 55-60 C.
The heat exchanger according to the invention operates with an exceptionally
high
terminal temperature difference, 20-35 C. The counter-current principle is
generally
used; however, it is not critical here, since the temperature decrease of
domestic
water is small (1-3 C).
zo According to the invention, by using a secondary network and a correctly
dimensioned low-output heat exchanger, it is possible to safely control the
heating
power of the room by controlling the flow of the secondary side, and the
dimensioning
of the heat exchanger will limit the maximum output. The domestic water
circulation is
always the same, and when reducing the heating power of the room, the return
water
zs temperature of the circulation line increases.
A typical application includes a domestic hot water circulation loop for
supplying hot
water to points of use at a pre-set temperature and equipment (22) for heating
a
subarea with domestic water, where the system further includes a closed local
water
circulation loop located in each subarea complete with pumps, a heat exchanger
30 between the domestic water circulation loop and the local water
circulation loop for
transferring heating energy to the local water circulation loop, and heat
supply
equipment placed in the subarea for supplying heat energy to the subarea from
the
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3
local water circulation loop. An underfloor heating circuit is an advantageous
heat
supplier due to a low supply temperature required.
The other advantages and embodiments of the invention are described below in
connection with the application examples.
s Short description of figures
The invention is described below by making reference to the appended drawings
that
illustrate a system according to the invention and its details.
Figure 1 depicts a domestic water supply system of a terrace house or a block
of flats.
Figure 2 is a modification of Figure 1.
Figure 3 depicts a heat exchanger according to the invention complete with
related
equipment (version 1).
Figure 4 is a first modification of Figure 3 (version 2).
Figure 5 is a second modification of Figure 3 (version 3).
Figure 6 is a third modification of Figure 3 (version 4).
In Figure 1, reference number 18 shows heating equipment for domestic water
supply
of a building connected to a district heating network. The heat exchanger with
related
control equipment is otherwise conventional except that the domestic hot water
circulation loop is designed for a higher heat supply. This means either a
higher flow
rate or a larger temperature difference in the circulation loop. According to
the current
dimensioning principle (currently applicable guidelines K1/2013), the
temperature
difference in the domestic hot water circulation loop is 3 C (58 C minus 55
C).
According to the invention, either a temperature difference of 5 C (60 C minus
55 C)
or correspondingly, a higher flow rate is used in the domestic hot water
circulation
system (particularly in detached houses). The invention enables the connection
of
heating and drying of washrooms to a domestic hot water circulation system
without
risks that are present in known solutions. Thus, the heat supply includes the
heating
power necessary for the heating and drying of washrooms (10-40 W/m2,
preferably
15-25 W /m2).
Instead of district heating, virtually any primary heating system can be used.
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District heating equipment includes a heat volume measuring device 30, which
is
used to measure the consumption of energy of heat supply of a domestic hot
water
circulation system. The consumption of domestic hot water (water feeds) does
not
interfere with this measurement, since the flow measurement is placed on the
circulation return side. The consumption of domestic hot water is measured at
the
cold water supply pipe of the building's domestic water exchanger.
Figure 1 illustrates conventional water feeds of apartments, such as a shower,
handbasin and toilet pan. For the invention, it is essential that the heating
and/or
drying of washrooms is performed with a heat exchanger¨local heating circuit
connected to the domestic hot water circulation system. When entering the
apartment, the domestic hot water pipe has an auxiliary shutoff valve 14
(before the
heat exchanger) and a control and shutoff valve of the circulation line is
placed after
the heat exchanger. Water measurement of domestic hot water is placed after
the
connection point of the heat exchanger in the flow direction. The heat
exchanger unit
10 is described below in detail (Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6). In the embodiment of
Figure 1,
the heat supplier of each washroom is a water-circulation drying radiator.
In the modification of Figure 2, the heat supplier of each washroom is a water-
circulation underfloor heating system, where the heating power of underfloor
heating
can be controlled with a thermostatic return water valve known as such
(temperature
limiter 20).
The heat exchanger unit 10 of Figure 3 includes a heat exchanger 15, a pump
19, a
3-way control valve 17 and the necessary connections. Domestic water pipes are
connected to the connections 1 la and 11b via maintenance shutoff valves. The
design of the heat exchanger 15 is extremely simple. Circulation water that
performs
zs the heating runs at a constant flow to the domestic water piping in a
pipe 1 lc of an
approved type (pressure class 10 bar). Water to be heated for the local
circuit
circulates in the jacket of the heat exchanger 15, connected to connections
15.3 and
15.4. In the figure, the heat exchanger operates according to the counter-
current
principle. When a lower output is desired, the co-current principle is
applied. When
more efficient heat transfer is needed (smaller size or higher output), the
inner pipe is
equipped with an external fin construction.
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Figure 3 shows a filling connection 21 and a venting connection 23. During the
filling
operation, the filling pressure or the static pressure of the secondary
circuit (rated
value 0.5 bar at 20 C) can be measured at the filling connection of the
secondary
circuit. Expansion and safety devices 24 and 26 of the secondary circuit are
connected to the filling pipe. The working pressure of a domestic water
network is
typically in the range of 3-5 bar; however, 10 bar is applied as design
pressure in
Finland. Generally, the heat exchanger is arranged for a domestic water flow
of 0.5-
Umin and for a local circulation flow of 0.1-5 L/min to produce water at 25-40
C
for the local circulation from domestic water at 55-60 C.
io A short sleeve 15.6 is provided at the ends of the heat exchanger 10
between the
jacket pipe 15 and the inner pipe 11c placing the central pipe 11c in a
coaxial
position.
In a modification, the shape of the cylindrical jacket differs suitably from a
tubular and
symmetric shape, automatically imparting elasticity.
is The cylinder should be slightly flattened in its cross-section to form
an elliptical shape
rather than curving the entire pipe. If this is done industrially, the
construction would
become controllably flexible. Then, it is up to the construction technology to
ensure
elasticity of the construction in long-term use. A safety valve can secure
exceptional
extreme conditions.
Low elasticity required in the secondary circuit is provided with deformations
of the
jacket construction. An elastic element can be used in the end connections
15.1 and
15.2. The end and the jacket can be arranged for a sufficient deformation. The
required deformation is small. If desired, it is possible to use a known
expansion
element.
The output of the circulation water pump of the local loop is small. For
example, with
rated values of 0.03 L/s and 10 kPa in the heating circuit, the power
requirement of
the pump is 7 W. Generally, the energy transmission of the heat exchanger 10
and
thus of the heat supply is arranged in the range of 200-500 W in a block of
flats and a
terrace house and in the range of 300-800 W in a detached house.
In the modification of Figure 4, the 3-way valve is replaced with two
presetting valves
17'.
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When the power requirement of the heat exchanger in Figures 3 and 4 is in the
range
of 150-300W, the length of the shell 15 is 250-1500 mm, preferably 300-700 mm.
The diameter of the inner pipe is preferably 12-18 mm and the diameter of the
outer
pipe is 22-35 mm in a terrace house and a block of flats. Correspondingly the
diameter of the inner pipe is 15-24 mm in a detached house. Based on new
tests, the
shortcut branch of the secondary circuit is preferably connected from the
inlet side
15.3 of the heat exchanger 10 to the suction side of the pump 19. On the
secondary
side of the heat exchanger 10, the flow is almost constant. On both sides, the
flow is
advantageously so high that the flow remains turbulent.
In addition to the embodiments of Figures 3-5, it is possible to use a plate
heat
exchanger, which can here be made very small.
Figure 5 illustrates a heat exchanger 15' with a higher performance compared
to
those set forth above, having two jacket spaces in series. The jacket spaces
are
connected together with a connection 15.5 and the inner pipes with a thermally
insulated connection pipe 11d.
In a modification, the connection pipe 15.5 can be replaced with a surrounding
jacket
pipe 11d, which connects the jacket pipes at the ends (not shown).
In the modification of Figure 6, the 3-way valve is replaced with two
presetting valves
17'.
The most central component is the local loop heat exchanger, which uses an
exceptionally high terminal temperature difference, i.e. a large temperature
difference
between the primary and the secondary flow.
Some possible pipe sizes and related parameters are listed below.
Inner pipe 18/16 Cu Atk 249C
length 600 mm ¨ 0.034 m2
length 500 mm ¨ 0.028 m2
length 400 mm ¨ 0.022 m2
Inner pipe 15/13 Cu Atk = 24 C
600 mm ¨ 0.028 m2
500 mm ¨ 0.023 m2
400 mm ¨ 0.019 m2
= a = Ap Atk
a = 350 ... 750 W/ m2K
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DOMESTIC WATER 59-57 C
HEATING WATER 33-35 C Atk = 242C
The terminal temperature difference is preferably 18-30 C, more preferably 22-
26 C.
List of parts 25 18 Heating of domestic water
19 Circulation water pump
Heat exchanger 20 Return water controller
10 lla Connection, domestic hot water 21 Shutoff valve
llb Connection, domestic water 22' Heat supplier (water heated
drying
circulation 30 radiator)
11c Inner pipe for domestic water 22 Heat supplier (water-
circulation
circulation underfloor heating)
12 Water flowmeters in the apartment 23 Shutoff valve
14 Auxiliary shutoff valves and 24 Safety valve 3 bar
presetting valves 35 25 Manometer 0-4 bar
15 Heat exchanger jacket 26 Expansion tank 2 dm3, pre-
pressure
15.1, 15.2 End connections 0.5 bar, preferable volume 0.2-2
L
15.3, 15.4 Connections for local circuit LV Hot domestic water
pipes KV Cold domestic water
16 Line shutoff valves 40 LVK Hot water circulation
17 Three-way valve
17' Presetting valve
The examples given above were related to blocks of flats or terrace houses. In
detached houses, higher performance may be needed and it is easy to arrange. A
60
45 kW exchanger gives 0.35 L/s at 10-60 C (e.g. district heat), so that
a suitable
circulation line for improving control is 0.06 L/s and output 500 W with a
temperature
reduction of two degrees (760 W with a reduction of three degrees) and a pipe
size of
18 mm. The circulation line loss is now well below 1 C due to the short
distance. In a
detached house, pipe sizes 18/28 are probably optimal.
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Representative Drawing